Untitled Drafts on Prophecy (section 7.2a)

<1r>

These things being understood it will not be difficult to describe the Heads of y^e Dragon. The four first are the four horsmen w^ch the four Beasts – – Dynasties of Emperors. There was {Nam} one dynasty of the family of Iulius Cæsar \the {wester}/ w^ch lasted till the death of Nero that is till the time but we are to consider those Dynasties w^ch followed the writing of this Prophesy. And the first was of Vespatian & his family \w^ch lasted/ till the death of Domitian the last of the twelve Cæsars.

The first Emperors were Italians called the twelve Cæsars. Of these there were two dynasties the first of the family of Iulius Cæsar w^ch lasted till the death of Nero, the next of the family of Vespasian w^ch lasted till the death of Domitian the last of y^e twelve Cæsars. The Apocalyps was written in y^e end of the first & therefore we are to begin w^th the last. Of this Dynasty there were \only/ three Emperors Vespatian Titus & & his \two/ sons Titus & grandson Domitian. Vespasian was created Emperor of \in/ the East, [\in the time of y^e Iewish war./ And there being at that time \{then} a rumor of a Prophesy that/ an expectation of a great Monarch sho|uld| arise about that time in Iudæa: [the Romans interpreted it of Vespatian] in the time of Iewish war & thence the the \him/ Romans took him to be the Messiah whom the Iews were then {ex} expecting

The second Dynasty was of Trajan a Spaniard & his \a family of/ Spaniards from the Trajan Hadrian Antoninus Marcus & Commodus

<2r>

Now the Dynasties of the Roman Emperors were these. First Italians from Iulius Cæsar \down/ to Trajan. In this Dynasty reigned first Iulius Cæsar & 2 Spa |his| family till to y^e \writing of the Prophesy &/ death of Nero & then Vespasian & his family to y^e death of Domitian.

2 Spaniards, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus, Marcus & Commodus. Trajanus homo Hispanus Trajanus homo Hispanus nec Italus erat nec Italicus; ante eum     3 Africans Severus Caracalla Macrinus Heligabalus Alexander the three Gordians & Philip nemo alterius nationis Imperium Romanum obtinuerat (Dion{illeg}) Natus Italicæ in Hispania (Victor de Cæsar.) Hadriani origo posterior ab Hispaniensibus manat, ejus pater Ælius Hadrianus consobrinus Trajani Imperatoris, mater Gadibus or{illeg}a (Spartian in Hadriano) Ipse Trajani municeps & nepos (Spartian in Severo) \etiam/ natus Italicæ in Hispani (Victor de Cæsar) & Euseb. Chron) ἦν μὲν γὰρ πολίτης ἀυτοῦ [Τραιάνου] καὶ ἐτραπεύθη ὑπ᾽ ἀυτοῦ, γένους θ᾽ οἰ ἐκοινώνει καὶ ἀδελφίδην ἀυτοῦ ἐγεγαμήκει τό τε σύμπαν συνῆν ἀυτῷ καὶ συνδιητᾶτο (Dion.) Hispania principum mater est; hæc Trajanum, hæc deinceps Hadrianum misit Imperio (Pacatus Panegyr ad Theodos.) Antoninus Pius paternum genus e Gallia transalpina, naumasense scilicet (Capitolinus) ab Adriano in filium adoptatus ge cujus gener fuerat (S. Aur. Victor Epitome) ea tamen lege ut is Marcum fratris uxoris |suæ| filium similiter adoptaret (Capitolin) Marcus Antonium Hadriani consanguineus (Dion. in Hadriano) & Antonium gener (Eutrop) filius per adoptionem (Dion. Capitolin. Euseb Hist l 4. c 14) Ipse Adrianum vocat avuum suum & Trajanum proavum (apud Spartian in Piscen. Nigro) Ejus amita Galeria Faustino Antonini uxor, proavus paternus Annius Verus ex sub {Succ} Succubitano Mancipio ex Hispania factus Senator (Capitolin) Vnde ^a[1] Themistius Theodosium ex Hispania Imperatorem alloquens vocat Trajanum et Marcum et Antoninum πολίτας καὶ ἀρχηγέτας ἀυτοῦ populares & majores ejus. Commodus Marci filius (Capitolinus alij) ultimus Trajanidum.

3 Africans \& southern Emperors/, Severus, Antonius Caracalla, Macrinus, Heliogabalus, Alexander, the three Gordians & Philip. \

Severus oriundus ex Africa, Provincia Tripolitana, oppido Lepti solus omni memoria et ante et post ex Africa Imperator fuit (Eutrop) nativitate scilicet & genere proximo. Ipse cano capite et crispo Afrum quiddam ad us ad senectutem sonans (Spartian) Caracalla Severi filius (Spartian) Macrinus natione Maurus e Cæsarea Sitifensi obscuris natus est parentibus; habuit enim, præter cætera, alteram aurem perforatā ut est Maurorum consuetudo (Dion) sub Commodo relagatus in Africam ut infamiam damnationis tegeret fertur lectioni operam dedisse, eqisse causulas, declamasse, jus postremo dixisse, deinceps advocatum fuisse fisci ex quo officio ad amplissima quæ pervenit (Capitolinus) Heliogabalus Caracalla filius (S. Aur. Victor. Euseb. Chron) et Alexander consobrinus ejus quem ex familia Severi etiam prognatum dicit Zosimus lib. 1. Nempe Iulia Severi conjux sororem habuit Mæsam cui duæ erant filiæ Soæmis et Mammæa. Hæc Alexandrum illa a Caracalla compressa Heliogabalū edidit. – – – – – in hac australi serie.

4 A confused race of northern short lifed lived Emperors \together w^th {illeg} many Tyrants/ in very troublesome \& calamitous/ times in w^ch the Empire was in great danger of falling, viz^t Decius, Gallus w^th his son Volusian, Valerian w^th his son Gallienus, Claudius, Aurelian, Probus & Carus w^th his sons Numerian & Carinus. |These reigned till the division of the Empire.|

Decius e Pannonia inferiore Bubulæ natus (Aurel. Vitor alij) – – – sed Illyricanis parentibus natus (Oresimus apud Vopiscum.

5 Dioclesian & his Collegues who by many wars \by consent parted the Empire falling Empire & by many wars/ restored the \falling/ Empire to \it to its former vigor & lustre/ <3r> & \then/ persecuted the Church.

6 Constantine the Great & his family till the who \who united the Empire who reunited the Empire & whose \whi whose/ family which/ reigned till the death of Iulian y^e Apostate, & \Constantine y^e grea/ i|I|n their days the Empire became Christian,

7 Valentinian & his family & Colleagues who reigned till the til after the Western Empire became divided into ten kingdoms.

< insertion from f 2v >

5 The four Dynasties above mentioned lasted till the division of y^e Empire & this division was made by Dioclesian & his Collegues who parted the Empire in the beginning of their reign parted the Empire between them by mutual consent & therefore I reccon them the fift Dynasty. By many warrs they restored the falling Empire to its former vigour & lustre & then persecuted the Church.

6 Constantine the great reunited the Empire & him & his family who reigned till the death of Iulian y^e Apostate \& left the Empire united/ I reccon to be y^e sixt Dynasty. In their day the Empire became Christian.

7 The seventh Dynasty was Valenti

7 Valentinian divided the Empire between himself & his brother Valens & from that time the Empire continued divided excepting the last three months of y^e reign of Theodosius w^ch is too short a time to be worth considering. Valenti Valentinian & his family & their colleagues reigned till after the division of the Western Empire into ten kingdom & therefore I reccon them the seventh Dynasty. And considering that y^e Greek & Latine Empires were no more affected by any common symptomes I reccon that the seventh Dynasty lasted as long as those Empires.

In the time of y^e sixt head the Empire became divided at the death of Constantine y^e great & reunited by y^e victory of Constantius over Magnentius & this is exprest by saying of the heads or Dynasties five are fallen & one is & another is \that y^e Beast was wounded on one of his heads/ that y^e Beast (or western Empire) \was wounded to death in on one of his heads & that he/ was & is not & shall ascend out of y^e abyss \& go into perdition, & that/ & {sic} five hea kings are fallen & one is & another is not come & when he cometh he must continue a short space & the Beast that was & is not he is y^e eighth & is of y^e seven & goeth into perdition. All w^ch is as much as to say that in the time of y^e sixt Dynasty king or Dynasty (w^ch is looked upon as present in y^e vision) the Beast by y^e victory of Constantius over Magnentius shall \is {illeg} wounded to death &/ ceases to be. This is his He is \then/ mortally wounded in the sixt head \by that victory/ but sh in the time of the seventh by a new division of y^e Empire he shall ascends out of the abyss \or sea/ & so be \is/ the eighth king or Dynasty & yet of the seven because a collateral part of y^e seventh, & by ascending his deadly wound is \is/ healed, & after this ascent he shall continue a shall continue a short space & go into perdition as the Dra with the Dragon \as the Dragon also doth/ who was is wrath because he knoweth that he hath but a short time (Apoc. 12.12) & then he shall go into perdition in y^e lake of fire Apoc. 19.20. If it be objected that five heads were fallen before the days of the Prophet I answer that the Prophesy is not of things past. Nothing is more usual in prophesy then to speak of times future as present in y^e visions, & The phrases five are fallen & one is & the Beast w^ch was & is not have only relation to one another & signify nothing more then that in y^e time of y^e sixt head the Beast ceases to be for a time being wounded to death in that head. Iohn in taking a view of the great Whore & her Beast descends to y^e time next preceding their being in the wilderness, in that time he is carried in y^e spirit into y^e Wilderness to see them & w^th respect to that time as present in the Vision saith five are fallen & one is, & the Beast was & is not. The seven Dynasties of y^e Empire described above were seven successive Kings or Heads of the Empire & these \heads/ being found there is no need to looke for others.

< text from f 3r resumes >

THE SAE\A/LES OPENED.

By the opening of the seven seales y^e Roman Empire is distinguished into seven successive r|R|eigns Dynasties or kings \the four first of w^ch are represented by – four horsmen/, & these are \the/ seven heads, of y^e Dragon & Beast. The At the opening of the first seale the first \Beast/ w^ch |was like a Lion| |&| stood eastward called Iohn to come & see, & he saw & behold a looked eastward \saw/ & behold a white horse & he that sat on him had a bow & a crown was given unto him & he went forth conquering & to conquer. By the crown he is a king the horsmen are kings & by the bow this king is a conqueror & by the white horse he is a very good man, & by the situation of y^e first Beast he was an eastern Emperor. All w^ch is true of Vespasian the first Emperor of the first dynasty of kings who reigned next after the writing of the Prophesy. He was created Emperor in Iudea w^ch was eastward from Rome, {illeg} at that & was an excellent Emperor & at that time there was a rumour in all the east occasioned by y^e prophesy of Daniels' weeks that there should arise a great king in the east \Iudea/, & this the heathens recconed accomplished in Vespasian. He went forth conquering the Iewish nation & dissolved their polity & burnt Ierusalem & the Temple: things of y^t consequence {illeg} \in/ religion that they deserved to be taken notice of in this prophesy. In destroying Christs enemies the Iews, he may be recconed y^e m|M|inister \or Deputy/ of Christ.

At the opening of y^e second seale, the second Beast w^ch \was had {illeg}|the| face on an Ox y^e type of slaughter &/ stood westward from y^e throne called Iohn to look come & look westward & behold \then went forth/ a red horse & power was given to him that sat thereon to take peace from y^e earth & that they should kill one another & there was given him a great sword. All w^ch agrees to Trajan the first Emperor of the second Dynasty. This Dynasty was of Spaniards a people westward from Rome & Trajan was the greatest conqueror of all the Roman Emperors since the writing of this prophesy. He \conquered Dacia &/ was the first Emperor that enlarged the Empire beyond the Danube since the writing of the prophesy. The Empire was almost dissolved by the seditions & defections in Nero's reign & something repaired by Vespasian & again made to totter by Domitian. Trajan not only setled it but enlarged it by foreign conquests more then ever did any other Emperor; insomuch that Historians reccon the ἀκμὴ of y^e Empire to have been in his reign, & the Emperor Iulian in his Cæsars singling out Iulius Cæsar, Octavius, Trajan, Marcus & Constantine as the five gl|a|llantest of all the Roman Emperors to compare w^th Alexander y^e great, calls Iulius Octavius & Trajan y^e worst warlike & in conclusion singles out \allots/ Trajan to keep company w^th Alexander. He was y^e first y^t propagated the Empire beyond y^e Danube & having conquered & almost depopulated Dacia by war he repeopled it \with great numbers/ from several parts of y^e empire. He recovered Armenia from the Parthians \& conquered Mesopotamia & Assyria \{illeg}/ reducing them into the form of Provinces/ & was the first that extended the Empire beyond Eufrates. He gave a king to y^e Albani, \&/ received the|o||se| {I}{illeg}{n} of Iberia & Colchos \& y^e Cimmeneian Bosphori & Sauromata/ into y^e Empire. He seized y^e regions of y^e Saracens & Arabians & reduced Arabia into y^e form of a Province. He recovered Armenia from y^e Parthians & was y^e conquered Mesopotamia & Assyria reducing them into the form of Provinces & was y^e first that extended the Empire beyond the Euphrates. <3v> He subdued the Cordueni & Mardomedi & {Arthemesia} a large region of Persia & Seleucia & Ctesiphon & Babylonia & went as far as India \made the king of Parthia give him hostages & went as far as India/ & built a navy in the Persian gulph to invade \the/ Indians. H In his letters to y^e senate he gave them account of so many conquered nations that they neither knew them all nor could \number them/ & therefore besides other honours they erected to him a triumphal arch in y^e market place of Rome & decried that he might triumph of as many nations as he pleased. But when he was upon y^e sea the conquered nations \in Mesopo/ revolted \& slew the garrisons/ upon w^ch followed great confusion & slaughters on both sides. The Iews also in \Libya & all Libya/ Cyrene & Egypt & Cyprus \& Thebais & Cyprus & Mesopotamia/ revolted & slew great multitudes of y^e Romans & Greeks \putting them to various deaths & eating their flesh/. Dion reccons 200000 slain by th about Cyrene & 240000 in Cyprus & the like slaughter in Egypt. Whereupon Trajan send|t|ing captains against them commanded that who slew vast multitudes of them & because they were very numerous in Mesopotamia he commanded that they should be \all/ slain & rooted out of that Province & accordingly vast numbers of them were slain there. |From all w^ch slaughters his his {sic} horse is represented of a red colour the embleme of bloodshed.|

At the opening of the third seal the third Beast w^ch had a humane face & stood southward from y^e throne called Iohn to come & look that way \southward/. And lo a black horse & he that sat on him had a pair of Ballances in his hand & Iohn heard a voice in the midst of y^e four Beasts say, a|A| measure \Chænix/ of wheat for a penny & four measures \four Chænixes/ of Barley for a penny & see thou hurt not the oyle & y^e wine. All w^ch is the exact character of Severus the first Emperor \founder of the/ of the {sic} southern Dynasty. T \of Emperors./ The red colour of the last horse was a type of much bloodshed, the black colour of this horse is a type of funeral solemnities & \so/ denotes the death of great men

A pair of ballances denotes a Iudge, \{illeg}/ just or injust accordingly as the ballances are is true or false {entire} \sincere/ or bruised; & such was Severus. the fo In his childhood he used no other play amongst the boys then of walking w^th y^e fasces \axes/ before him & of sitting w^th y^e boys about him & acting the Iudge. At y^e age of 32 years he was designed Prætor by the Emperor Marcus. When he came to be Emperor he heard causes all the morning \till noon/ was severely just & inexorable against criminals, \made excellent laws,/ left his deputy judge when war required him to lead y^e army, & instituted his sons in the law, & from him that study took such encouragement that I know not any other age of y^e Empire where a greater number of famous Lawyers are recorded then that which followed his reign most of w^ch were the auditors of Papinian his special favorite. The voice in the midst of y^e four Beasts respects Rome the center of y^e Empire T|&| there the measure by w^ch the corn in the publick granaries was dispensed was a Chænix for the sustenance of y^e people was a Chænix |The proclamation A Chænix for a penny denotes plenty & Severus was the first who increased the corn in the publick storehouses of Rome & so far as I can find he was the first that gave them oyle, & gave it gratis.| Whence Casaubon \Casaubon/ out of Spartian \(in Severo)/ who assigns 75000 Roman Bushels to be daily distributed , collects by recconing eight Chenixes to a bushel that \in the reign of Severus/ There were 600000 persons in y^e turba frumentaria of that city {in th} In {w} When Severus had newly conquered Albinus in writing an angry letter to the Senate he thus \commemorates his benefactions &/ upbraids them for their ingratitude. Ego frumenta reip. detuli; ego multa bella pro rep. gessi, Ego populo Romano tantum olei detuli puantum rerum natura vix habuit. Ego interfecto P. Nigro vos a malis tyrannis liberavi. Magnam sana mihi reddidistis vicem magnam consulvit ut excedens vita septem annorum Canonem populo Romana relinquerat ita ut quotidiana septuagena quina millia modiorum expendi possent: olei verò tantum ut per quinquennium non solem Vrbis usibus sed et totius Italiæ, quæ oleo egeret, sufficeret. He gave also a very fertile field to y^e City w^ch I suppose was for vines. \Whence Casaubon by recconing eight Chænixes to a bushel collects that there were 600000 persons in the turba frumentaria of that city./ Severus gave also a very fertile field to the city w^ch I suppose was for vines. The black colour of his horse is the \a/ type of funerals of great men such whose funerals \then/ used & still use to be solemnized in this mourning colour. And for the slaughter of such his reign was so infamous as much to transcend the reigns of y^e worst tyrants Nero Domitian & Commodus. When he over\c/ame Piscenius Niger in Syria he shewed much cruelty by w^ch & the austerity of his manners (for he was against he {sic} enemies very cruel & inexorable) the senate & Citizens of Rome became so disaffected to him as in his third war (w^ch was w^th Albinus) to favour his enemy <4r> Whereupon he put to death great multitudes of men & weomen of the best quality in Spain & Gallia where Albinus reigned & was conquered & afterwards in Italy at his return thither & \& confiscating their estates gave more to the soldiers & left more to his sons then any other Emperor/ a|A|mongst the rest he slew very many of y^e Senators (of whom {illeg} 41 are named by Spartian) the letters w^ch he found with Albinus betraying them. Spartian names 41 of those Senators whom he put to death without hearing them, & then adds Horum igitur tantorum ac tam illustrium virorum (nam multi in \his/ Consulares, multi prætorij, omnes certe summi viri fuere) interfector, ab Afris et Deus habetur. – Damnabantur autem pleri cur jocati essent, alij cur tacuissent, alij cur plera figuratè dixissent ut quod esset Imperator vere sui nominis verè Pertinax verè Severus.– Multos insuper quasi Chaldæos aut vates de sua salute consuluissent interemit, præcipuè suspectans unumquem idoneum imperio – Infinita multorum cæde crudelior habitus. {illeg} Spartian in Severo. \Innumeros Senatores interemit et ab alijs Scyllæ Punici ab alijs Marij nomen accepit. Spartian. in Piscen. Nigro./ Omnes senatus Principes & singularum Provinciarum nobilissimos & ditissimos quos interfecit. Auri enim avidissimus fuit ut fortitudinem vinceret avaritia. Suidas in Severo. \Innumeros Senatores interemit et ab alijs Scyllæ Punici ab alijs Marij nomen accepit. Spartiā. in Piscen. Nigro./ Cædibus illustrium virorum adeo infamis ut Punicas clades in toga cæsorum civium Romanorum sanguine rependerit. Egnatius in Severo.

And at y^e opening of y^e fourth seal Iohn heard y^e voice of y^e fourth beast w^ch stood northward from y^e throne called Iohn to come & see looke in northern|ward| quarter & Iohn looked & behold a pale horse & his name that sat on him was death & the grave followed with him & power was given unto them over the fourth part of the earth to kill w^th y^e sword & with hunger & w^th death & with y^e Beasts of y^e earth.. {sic} This charecter {sic} agrees fully to Decius the first Emperor of y^e northern Dynasty. He rode on a pale horse & his name was death. Dec \& this was thus fulfilled;/ The Scythians from Tanais invading Thrace, Decius beat them at first, but pursuing through a lake \them/ to y^e banks of Tanais & there endeavouring to attack them through a lake, he stuck fast & perished w^th \his son &/ his whole army. He was followed by death & y^e grave who had power over the fourth part of the earth [or habitable world that is over the Roman Empire w^ch was anciently recconed about y^e 4^th part] (or fourth dynasty of y^e Empire) |(that is above the Roman Empire w^ch was about a fourth part of the habitable world then known)| to kill with y^e sword & with hunger & with death & w^th y^e Beasts of y^e earth, that is will|t|h civil wars with \famin with/ pestilence & with forreign kingdoms invadin kingdoms or nations invading the Empire.

2 Of y^e sword.

Vpon y^e death of Decius & his army the Empire \soon/ fell into \very/ great disorders as well by civil wars as by forreign invasions. so that between Decius & Dioclesian that is within y^e space of 33 years, of about 21 legitimate Emperors & Cesars (besides seven tyrannical ones who perished all by y^e sword) there died only Licinian & Claudius by y^e pestilence & Carus by lightening & three more were slain by y^e publick enemy & all y^e rest fell by y^e sword of one another or of their own soldiers. And besides all these, within the fifteen years reign of Gallienus who was one of y^e one & twenty, there arose no less then 29 or 30 other Tyrannical Emperors some of w^ch were as powerfull as Gallienus himself & all these also fell by the sword except three or four who had their lives given them by their conquerors. What slaughters followed upon y^e civil wars between so many Emperors & Tyrants may easily by imagined. I shall content my self with one instance. Vpon conquering Ingenuus who was saluted Empe <5r> ror by the Legions of Mœsia Gallienus was so cruel towards both soldiers & inhabitants of Mœsia as to leave many cities void of males. His cruelty may be understood by \this/ his Epistle to Verianus. w^ch was as follows. Gallienus Veriano: Non mihi satis facies si tantum armatos occideris quos et fors belli interimere potuissent: perimendus est omnis sexus virilis, si et senes at impuberes sine reprehensione nostra occidi possint. Occidendus est quicun male voluit. Occidendus est quicun male dixit contra me, contra Valeriani filium, contra tot principum fratrem & patrem & fratrem Ingenuus factus est Imperator. Lacera, occide, concîde: animum meum intelligere potes, mea mente irascere qui hæc manu mea scripsi.

Of the famine & pestilence

3 Of the Famine & Pestilence

In the first year of Gallus a plague \the successor of Decius a vehement plague/ began from Ethiopia & went through all the Roman Provinces exhausting them wonderfully for above {illeg} till after y^e death of Claudius that is for above 15 years together. Vbi maximam partem incolentium exhausit, plera loca inhh|a|bitata reliquit: Lætus. Per omnia Romani regni ab oriente in occidentem spacia cùm omne propemodum genus hominum & pecudum neci dedit, tum etiam corripuit lacus & infecit pap|b|ula tabo: Oros. l. 7. c. 27. Nec alia unquam major lues mihi lecta spacio temporum sive terrarum: Lipsius de {illeg} Constant. 2. 23. At the same time with this plague a famin \also/ began also in the Empire {occas} w^ch lasted longer then the plague being the wars hindering agriculture & wasting the old stores. In Gallu's {sic} reign Dionysius Alexandrinus thus mentions it in his Epistle to the brethren. Post hæc (that is after y^e persecution of Decius) et bellum & fames secuta sunt quæ una cum ethnicis pertulimus – At ubi cum nos tum ipsi respiraveramus invasit lues ista, res illis quovis terrore terribilior & calamitate quacun lamentabilior, nobis verò exercitatio et exploratio nullis reliquis inferior. In Valerians reign Cyprian thus mentions both: Cum dicas plurimos conqueri quod bella crebrius surgant quod Lues quod Fames sæviant, quod imbres & pluviæ serena longa suspendant. In Claudius's reign Zosimus tells us that a body of Barbarians in Macedonia perished by famin with their cattel: & Pollio that another \a/ multitude of barbarians in Thrace laboured so much under famin & pestilence that Claudius sleighted them. And in Aurelians reign Zosimus mentions how a body of Scythians in Pannonia were prest w^th famin.

1 Of f Invasions y^e wild Beasts

Vpon the death of Decius w^th |&| his army, \the Barbarous nations began to inva{t}|d|e y^e empire on all sides / The Scythians invaded both Europe & Asia, the \Goths,/ Borani, Goths Carpi & Vrugundi invaded all Illyricū & Italy & some of them past into Asia Europe, the Persians invaded Asi Mesopotamia & Syria & took Antioch. This was in the two years reign of Gallus \the successor of Decius./ In Valerians reign the Scythians invaded Greece \Illryicū Italy – & Asia/, the Marcomans & others invaded other places, the {illeg} Goths Borani Carpi & Vrugundi inv overran all Italy & Illyricum & some of them passed into Asia \the Germans infested Gallia & were opposed by Gallienus &/ the Persians overran the east & took Valerian captive. And the Germans infested Gallia And after all \the {a}/ this the state of y^e Empire grew still worse. Gallieno in omnem lasciviam dissoluto Germani Ravennam us venerunt Alemanni vastatis Gallijs in Italiam transiere Græcia Macedonia Pontus Asia depopulatæ per Gothos, Quadi et Sarmatæ Pannonias occupaverunt; Germanis Hispanias obtinentibus Tarracon expugnata est. Parthi Mesopotamiam tenentes Syriam incursaverunt. Eused. Chron. et <5v> Eutrop. {illeg} l. 9. Francorum gentes direpta Gallia Hispaniam possiderunt, vastato ac pene direpto Tarraconensium oppido; nactis in tempore navigijs pars in us Africam permeavit: Victor de Cæsar. Hispania duodecim annis fere sub barbaris laboravit regnante Gallieno: Oros. l. 7. c 41. The greatness of these invasions will be best understood Claudius Gothos jam per quindecim annos Illyricum Macedoniam vastantes bello adortus incredibili strage delevit: Iornand. l. 1 de Regn. succes. Delevimus trecenta & viginti millia Gothorum duo millia navium mersimus: Claudius {apu ips} \Imp./ apud Pollionem. ② The Emperor Probus having beaten the Franks & Alemans wrote thus to y^e Senate Supplicationes vestro more decernite. n|N|am et quadringenta millia hostium cæsa sunt et sedecim millia armatorum nobis oblata & septuaginta urbes nobilissimæ captivitate hostium liberatæ vindicatæ & omnes penitus Galliæ liberatæ. Probus This letter is recorded by Vospicus who adds that Probus after this supprest y^e Sarmatæ & other nations in Illyricum the Goths Vandas & Gepidæ in Thrace & y^e Parthians & others in the east. ① Aurelian who in reigned between Claudius & Probus the reign of Probus \Claudius/ slew 30000 Franks at Ments, & in his own reign vanquished the Marcomans & Sueves \a terrible enemy/ in Italy w^th a gr & his successor Probus having beaten y^e Franks & Allemans in Gallia wrote thus to y^e Senate – – – – – – in y^e east. And after this Dioclesian & his Collegues had long wars \great & lasting great wars w^th y^e barbarous nations/ before they could quiet the Empire.

2 Of y^e sword

Vpon the death of Decius the Empire fell into disorder as well by civil wars as {f} by barbarian invasions; so that between Decius & Dioclesian – – – – prest with famin

So terrible were the|se| plagues of wars pestilence & famin {illeg} in that age that Cyprian who lived in that age concluded \from them/ that y^e end of y^e world was at hand, as you may understand by his Tract de Mortalitate & yet he was martyred before the reign of Gallienus {illeg} w^ch they {arrived} {illeg} were at the height \when they were at/ the height.

Th You have now the interpretation of these the four horsmen & as there is nothing in the Prop{he}sy w^ch has not to a tittle been fulfilled so the prophesy has omitted nothing remarkable enough to be a convenient character of the d|t|hings designed to be characterised. For what was there in Trajans reign very singular besides his victories & the ensuing killing one another? What in Severus's besides his acting y^e Iudge killing y^e Senators & great men & augmenting the city provisions? What in Decius's but his perishing w^th his whole army? And what in the times immediately following him worth being taken notice of in comparison of y^e four plagues? I say what was there singular? For as for Trajan's humanity, Severus's wars, & y^e like they were things common to them w^th divers other Emperors: whereas the Prophesy {only} (as was fit) takes notice of nothing but what was most remarkable in the kind. You may find other conquerors besides Trajan, other killing one another besides that in the Iewish war, other Iudges & killers of great men & heapers up of provisions besides Severus & others perishing fatally besides Decius, but all the Roman History will not affords others so eminent in the kind as these, nor w^ch are combined with one another after this manner & as for the quaternary of plagues I know nothing like it. So that the P{hr}rophesy & history do not only fit but are not otherwise to be fitted.

<6r>

– represented by the Woman & her seed. For upon this division of the Empire the woman & Dragon part from one another. She flies from the {D}ragon into the western Empire called a wilderness for its spiritual barrenness & desolation, & in flying separates from th & departs from the remnant of her seed w^ch keep the commandments of God & have the testimony of Iesus, And this remnant h & leav & the Dragon \&/ leaves this remnant behind her in the Dragons kingdom. And {illeg} the Drago as soon as the Dragon \woman/ is escaped from the Woman the Dragon goes from her to make war upon this {illeg} remnant. And as the ten horned Beast rises out of the sea to succeed the wom Dragon in the western Empire so a two horned beast rises out of the earth to succeed y^e Dragon Woman in the eastern Empire. & extirpate the remna And \then/ the Dragon makes war upon this the remnant of the womans seed & {illeg} oppresses them & sets up the religion of the two horned Beast in all his kingdom: for the Dragon & this Beast in matters of religion speak one & the same language.

– But when the Empire becomes divided into two Empires that represented by the Dragon & Beast, that each Empire {illeg} may have {illeg} its {illeg} Temple the Woman flyes from the first Temple into the wilderness & the ten-horned Beast follows her thither For there Iohn saw the Woman sitting upon this Beast. And now the Dragon \the woman & ten horned Beast being are going from this Temple/ & two horned Beasr being |are| \being/ left alone in {in the} \first/ Temple this Temple, it is hence forward restrained to the people in the Dragons |to be considere{d} as the Temple of their| kingdom, & a new temple is bui & a new Temple is built for the people in the kingdom of the Beast & Woman.

When the Dragon was cast out of heaven by Michael it is to be conceived that he was |cast| down from y^e \house of the/ Temple into y^e Priests court & from thence into the outward court where w^ch was the court of the people called the inhabitants of the earth & sea, & there persecuting the woman made her fly from this Temple thro the wilderness of Arabia to the great city Babylon \& that she left a remnant of her seed in this Temple who were there persecuted by the Dragon/. It is to be conceived also that the two Beasts rose Manchild was caught up to y^e throne of God above y^e Ark in this Temple & that the two Beasts rose out of the earth & sea in this Temple [& the first Beast \being risen from the dead/ was dec|i|fied by the second in this \in this temple/ & his Image \there/ set up & worshipped.] in this Temple And that the Dragon retur And that & that the Dragon returning from pursuing the woman made war upon the remnant of her seed in this temple & there caused all to receive the mark or killed all by the dictate of the speaking image or Oracl killed all that would not worship the Image, & prohibited buying & selling to all that suffered none to buy or sell but those who had the m that all {rec} in this Temple received the mark or name or number of the Beast except the 144000 who being excommunicated retired from y^e multitude in the outward court of this temple into the inward court thereof & there \&/ sung a new song before the in the midst of the {illeg} four Beasts & Elders on mount Sion & by consequence in the inner court of this Temple. And that the ten horned Beast being risen from y^e dead & deified & his image & worship \being/ set up in this temple he went from hence by a {illeg} into the wildernes by a final division of the Empire. & reigned there with the woman And hence forward the 144000 worsh remained in the inward court & the Dragon & two horned Beast in the outward court thereof.

A synopsis of the Synchronisms of the Apolocalyps

The

^{[Editorial Note 1]} <7v>

When therefore the Temple of God was opened in heaven & the Ark was seen in it & after lightnings & voices & thundrings & hail there appeared a woman & other visions in heaven, were it is to be conceived that this was the first Temple there being no ark in y^e second, & that it was opened for Iohn to see the visions in it, & particularly that the Woman & Dragon appeared in it, & that the Manchild was caught up to the throne above the Ark & y^e Dragon cast down by Michael from the upper c|C|ourt thereof & into y^e outward court thereof & there persecuted the woman, & that she fled from this Temple into y^e wilderness & left in it a remnant of her seed w^th w^ch the Dragon there made war & that the two Beasts rose out of the sea & earth of this Temple & the worship of the first Beast \& his Image/ was set up in the outward court of this Temple & there they received his mark or name except the 144000 who being excommunicated retired from the multitude in worshippers of y^e Beast in the outward court & sang a new song in the midst of the four Beasts & Elders on mount Sion that & by consequence in the inner court of this Temple. And that the ten horned Beast being risen from the dead & deified in this Temple, went from it into the wilderness after the woman where Iohn found ther \woman/ sitting upon his back: And that when the Woman & first Beast were gone from this Temple the Dragon & other Beast remained alone in the outward court of this Temple & the 144000 on y^e inner court thereof

And since the second Beast & the woman are two Churches & the Dragon & first Beast are the laity of those Churches, & \every/ Churches {sic} have|th| its Temples: you may conceive y^t as the Dragon & second Beast compose y^e outward court of one Temple also that the Woman & ten hor first Beast have their Temple \in the Wilderness/ in the outward court of w^ch they perfor worship their fals Gods For they are the Gentiles in the outward c to who in the wilderness. For they are the Gentiles to whom y^e outward court of y^e Temple w^th two candlesticks was given.

And because it was improper to split one Tem

For the vision of the Woman great Whore & her Beast are \in the Wilderness is/ a commentary on the prophesy of the concerning the \of the Angel concerning the temple &/ two witnesses [& the same \who are killed by this/ |&| Beast who kills them \who kills them/ in the street of the great city \[& their prophesying & being killed by the Beast/ Babylon there they prophesied] \where they prophesied Babylon./] And in this prophesy the building of a new Temple is described \represented/ by giving a reed to Iohn & bidding him rise & measure the Temple & Altar. that is Fr \For/ the measuring of a city or building \is/ being a type of building it The new Temple w^th two C. was built for [the people of God in] \Christ professors of Christianity in/ all the western Empire including the northern nations & so comprehendi|s|ng two of the three parts & \therefore/ has in it two Candlesticks & two Olive-trees to represent the true Churches of those two parts one Church within the bounds of the old Roman \western/ Empire, an \& the/ other Church amongst the northern nations & the other within the bounds of \diffused through/ the German Empire of Germany. & in like manner the two candlesticks may be applied to the imperial But it is not

The synagogues of the Iews.

The \first/ Christian Churches were originally synagogues \&/ of the Christian Iews, & {illeg} in every synagogue there was a \Minister &/ board of Presbyters called Rulers of the Synagogue, & a muni

The Gospel was first preached in synagogues & the first Churches Pres converted Iews ordeined Presbyters & Deacons & by consequence had of such of synagogues before before y^e gospel was pr calling of the Gentiles, were officers of Christian Synagogues &

<8r>

Now these Locusts were a \lasting/ plague to all parts of the \old/ Roman Empire conquering some countries as Syria Egypt Libya \Libya Mauritania several islands in the Mediterranean/ & almost all Spain & {mat} frequently invading the rest as Armenia Asia Greece Thrace Illyricum Italy Gallia & they continued to plague them not only during the \temporal/ reign of the Califs but {illeg} under lon afterwards under the several \saracen/ Kings who shared their Empire. For About y^e year & For I reccon that the times of this Trumpet {we} I reccon that the times of this Trumpet began A.C. 609 when Mahomet set up for a P the Angel of the bottomless pit fell from heaven like a star & received the Key of the bottomless pit that is A.C. 609 when Mahomet set up for a Prophet, & \that it/ lasted all the time {illeg} of the Califs his successors the Califs, that is till the year {illeg} 1258. For Togulbeck having conquered Chorasan & Persia added Bagdad to his Empire A.C. 1055 & made that city the Impe seat thereof. His successor Olub'{illeg} Arslan (called also Asan, \Axan,/ Olbarsalan Alpasalem & Aspasalem.) conquered Mesopotamia \added also/ began his reign A.C. 1063 & added Mesopotamia to his Empire \& took the Greek Emperor Diogenes Romanus prisoner/. The third Sultan \Melech,/ Malechsah or Melecla who began his reign A.C. 1071 invaded Syria & Asia minor & took Damascus Aleppo & Cæsarea \& winning many battels extended his domain from y^e utmost borders of the Turks to Ierusalem & Iemana Arabia felix/. And now this Empire of the Turks being brake arrived to its ἀκμὴ, \& {illeg}/ after the death of Malechseh A.C. 1092, \being left to a child who was but six years old/ brake into several smaller kingdoms \or Sultanies/ of the Turks, {illeg} \the governors revol of Provinces revolting. On {sic}/ one of w^ch continued at Bagdad in the family of Togrulbec till about the year 1160, & then cease \ceased/ ceased the Calif of Bagdad reco & the Calif of Bagdad recovered when the Calif of Babylon|gdat| recovered the temporal power of this Sultany w^ch had been he had been deprived of for about 224 years. And this power continued from hence forward in the Calif till the year 1258 \&/ then Haalon or Hulacu the Tartar beseiged & took Babylon Bagdat slew the Calif & put a \full/ end to y^e Califate. {And} Thus ended the reign \both spiritual & temporal/ of the {illeg} Locusts \at Bagdat/ under the Angel of the bottomless pit & with his reign the times of the fift Trumpet expired.

The sixt Trumpet.

T And the sixt Angel sounded & Iohn heard a voice from y^e four horns of y^e Golden Altar saying to y^e sixt Angel w^ch had y^e Trumpet, Loose the four Angels w^ch are bound in the great River Eufrates.

In these computations I have followed the opinion of the Arabic Historians. For Elmacinus^[2] distinguishes the Empire of the Saracens into three distinct p successive Dynasties, the first comprehending its rise & increase during the reign of \the line of/ Ommia at Damascus, the second conteining its decrease during the reign of y^e Abasides at Bagdat untill they subjected themselves to temporal Princes (w^ch two we inter Dynasties together I interpreted to be the twice five months reign of the Locusts under their king y^e Angel of the bottomless pit) & the third Dynasty he reccons to be the further continuance of this Empire after its distraction & division into several Kingdoms most of w^ch were governed by Saracens & some of them by Turks. And \this Dynasty ended in {illeg} the year 1258. For/ Abulpharajius who divides his history into so many Dynasties as there had been supreme Empires, since the creation, & reccons this Empire of the saracens in the ninth place; extends this \Empire/ from the time of their Prophet Mahomet to the taking of Bagdat by the Tartars, & there concludes it making the shortlived Empire of y^e Tartars then founded upon the ruins of the Saracens & Turks <9r> by Hulacu to be the 10^th Dynasty or supreme Empire & the year 1258 to be their common period.

Now the Empire of the Turks founded in Persia & propated \over/ {illeg} Bagdad by Togrulbec & \propagated/ into Mesopotamia Syria & Asia minor by his successors Olub-Arslan & Malechsah, at the the {sic} death of Malechsah became divided into [these four \four/ Sultanies besides the Sultany at Bagdad w^th the Sul \besides the sultany/ of Mesopotamia seated at Mosul, the sultany of Syria seated at Damascus, the Sultany of Asia minor seated {on} at Iconium & the Sultany of Armenia {illeg} seated at Myepharekin & besides the Sultany of {w^ch} Bagdad w^ch] the Sultanies of Mesopotamia Syria, Asia minor & Armenia, all of them seated upon Euphrates besides the sultany of Bagdad w^ch after a while \it had continued a while in the family of Togrulbec/ returned into y^e hands of the Saracens.

The Sultany of Mesopotamia was seated at Mosul a city of Mesopotamia upon the \western/ banks of Tygris about a days journey from Eufrates one of the streams of Eufrates. \& Eufrates at or neare the place where the {sic}/ This Sultany was watered by the the {sic} river Alchabur or Harnas a large arm of Eufrates & war northern branch of {illeg} Eufrates ran into Tigris. For Eufrates divided it self above Babylon into two branches one of w^ch ran into Tigris at or neare Mosul & the other ran through \by/ Babylon into Tigris below Bagdad & below out of this lower she southern stream ran y^e artificial river Naharmalia w^th its two branches the \higher/ of w^ch ran into Tigris at Seleucia & the lower at Aræ Herculis] a day or two's journey from Eufrates. Its sultans were after y^e death of Malechsah were

Iagarmish

Zengius f. 1107

Maudid 1109

Oksenkar or Assangur 1121

Ezzodin f. 1126

Zengius or Sanguin fr. 1127

Gaza fil. 1145

Cotboddin fr. 1149

Gazi f. 1170

Ezzoddin fr. 1180

Nuroddin f. 1193

Ezzoddin f. 1211

Badroddin 1294 Saleh fr. {1259} \Nuroddin f 1218/

Naseroddin fr. 1218

Badroddin 1234.

Saleh f 1259.

< insertion from f 8v >

The sultany of Mesopotamia was seated at Mosul a city on the western banks of Tigris {illeg} a day or two's journey from Euphrates. After the death of Malechsah it had the 16 following Sultans in continual order: Iagarmish, Zengius, Maudid, Oksenkar or Assangar, Ezzodin, Zenguis or Sanguin, Gaza, Cotbodin, Gazi, Ezzoddin, Nuroddin Ezzodin, Nuroddin, \Naseroddin,/ Badroddin ,|&| Saleh, the last of w^ch reigned till the end of this Sultany. See their history in {illeg} Abul-Pharajius

< text from f 9r resumes >

The sultany of Armenia was seated at Miyapharekin, Magarkin or Martyropolis a city of the greater Armenia a days journey \eastward/ from the lake Tho\s/pites through w^ch the rivers Tigr Euphrates & Tigris run before they part from one another \& two days journey north from Ameda/. This Sultany was sometimes united to & sometimes divided from the Sultany of Maredin Mirdin or Marde a city of Mesopotamia five \six/ or {six} \seven/ days journey from Euphrates. Its Sultans were ✱, Gazi, Tamartash, ✱, ✱, Saladin, Adel, Mojmoddin, Modhaffer, Ashraph. |See their history in Abulpharajius.|

The Sultany of As Syria seated at Damascus, & Aleppo Its sultans were Tagjuddaulas Tatash the son of Olubarslan. {illeg} He obteined \under his brother Malachsah/ first Damascus A.C. 1079 & then all Aleppo w^th all Syria A.C. 1085 & after his {illeg} death \& after his brothers death A.C. 1092 revolted & (w^ch hap A.C. 195 1095)/ Syria became divided between his sons Decac & Roduan, the first reigning at Damascus the other Al \at/ Aleppo. But Nuroddin A.C. 1154 united it again under himself & after him Saladin King of Egypt obteined it & \A.C. 1103/ left it divided between his \two/ sons Aphdal {illeg}, Saphadin \or Saphradin/ who reigned at Damascus & Dhaher Gazi who reigned at Aleppo. But within{illeg} three years Adel Sultan of My|i|yapharekin \& brother of Saladin/ invaded Damascus & Egypt & in his posterity {illeg} Ægypt & Damascus \& Egypt/ continued sometimes united sometimes divided till the Mamalukes A.C. 1250 expelled them. In y^e mean time the successors of Dhaher at Aleppo were his son Aziz & grandson Nazer the last of w^ch took Damascus w^th its territories from y^e Mamalukes A.C. 1250, & reigned over both Damascus & Aleppo till to the end of this Sultany.

The Sultany of Asia was seated at Iconium & Cæsarea \& was watered by the river Melas a large arm of Euphrates./ Its sultans were |1| Seijduddaulas or Cutlumish of y^e race of Saljuck 2 Solyman, 3 Kelui-Arslan or Tanisman, 4 Masud, 5 Kelij-Arslan or Clisastlan {illeg} with his brothers, 6 Cai-Chosroes w^th his brothers 7 Ezoddin, 8 Aladin, 9 I Giyathoddin or Iathatim, 10 Ezzoddin w^th his brothers Rocnoddin & Aladin who reigned till the {illeg} end of this Sultany.

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two are a repetition of the two former in another form \& contrary order,/, {sic} the thunders \a repetition/ of the Trumpets & the witnesses \measured saints/ of the sealed servants of God the prophesy of the \seven/ thunders being a repetition of the prophesy of the sealed servants seven Trumpets & the prophesy of the measured worshippers a repetition of the prophesy of the sealed servants of God. As the seven Trumpets sound at y^e sacrifices of y^e seven days of the feast of Tabernacles celebrated annually in the first Temple: so it is to be conceived that the seven thunders utter their voices at the same sacrifices in the seven days of the same feast of Tabernacles celef|b|rated annualy in the second Temple. And as the a select number are {illeg} the servants of God are \selected/ numbered & sealed in the day of Expiation \out of the all the Tribes of Israel/ in the first Temple & the rest marked with the mark of the Beast so it is to \be/ conceived that worshippers those who worship in y^e inner court of the second Temple are measured to distinguish them from those in the outward Court who are \left unmeasured & are/ called Gentiles that is such Gentiles as say they are Iews & are not.

Now the two witnessed|s| are called the{illeg} two Olive Trees & the two Candlesticks standing before the God of the earth that is standing in the \second/ Temple before the throne of God: those Olive trees w^ch Zechary saw at the building of the second Temple & w^ch supplied the Camps w^th oyle. They are said also to prophesy in sack cloth & that if any man will hurt them fire proceedeth out of their mouth & devoureth their enemies \& that they have power to shut heaven that it rain not in the days of their prophesy:/. & hereby they are compared to the Prophets Elijah & Elisha & the state of Israel the church in these days is likened to the state of {illeg} Israel in the days of Ahab & Iezabel. They are also said to have power over the waters to turn them to blood & to smite the earth with all plagues as often as they will, that is with the plagues of the seven Trumpets & Vials of wrath. At the sounding of the first Trumpet they consu fire devou they consume their enemies {illeg} by fire, at the sounding of the second they turn the waters into blood & smite the earth with other plagues in the following Trumpets. They prophesy & are |lye| slain & lye dead in the streets of the great city w^ch spiritually is called Sodom & Egypt, where also o^r Lord was crucified. Sodom for its uncleanness & destruction & the delivery of y^e people of God \out of it/ as Lot was delivered out of Sodom. Ægypt for its idolatry & oppression & the plagues of the Trumpets & Vials by w^ch {illeg} the two Prophets {illeg} inflict upon them {illeg} for bringing the delivering the Church as Moses & Aaron delivered the children of Israel |by plagueing y^e Egyptians.| And where o^r Lord was crucified, the scene of this vision being the second Temple & the nations in Beast who kills the witnesses being the Iews in the weomens court as the four Beasts were the Israelites in the \four sides of the/ outward court of the first Temple; such Iews as say they are Iews & are not, but are the synagogue of Satan, such Iews as are again to crucify o^r Lord by making war upon his {illeg} \mystical Body & {illeg}/ are therefore called Antichrist, & at length \are gathered together against him/ in the battel of the great day \&/ are destroyed by o^r Lord & the war as the Iews were \by the Romans/ for crucifying o^r Lord.

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After these visions the spirit \one of y^e seven Angels/ carried Iohn \{illeg} in the spirit/ into the wilderness to see the woman who fled thither from the Dragon & there he sees her {illeg} \in her plac {sic},/ sitting on \[that is reigning over]/ many waters w^ch are peoples & multitudes & nations & tongues & on \w^ch are also represented by/ a scarlet coloured Beast w^ch full of names of blasphemy having seven heads & ten horns w^ch \horns/ are ten kings or kingdoms {An} w^ch agree & give their kingdom to {illeg} \the/ Beast, that is to compose his {illeg} kingdom by consent agreement \till the words of God are fulfilled, that is till the end of the 1260 days/. And the woman was arrayed in purple & scarlet colour & decked with gold & petious {sic} stone & pearles \having a golden cup in her hand full of abominations & filthiness of the earth/ & by her costliness made rich all that had ships [that is parishes] in the Sea And the woman was arrayed having a gold|en| cup in her hand full of abominations & filthiness of the earth & the kings of the earth committed fornication with her, & by her cost{illeg}le|i|ness were made rich all that had ships [y^t is parishes] in the sea or western Empire. This is \was/ the place to w^ch she was \in the/ when Iohn saw her, that is the honour & dignity to w^ch she arrived before the 1260 days began To this To this honour & dominion & riches the woman was arrived {w^ch} when Iohn saw her: & this \preferment/ was her place {with} where they fed her in the will|d|erness 1260 & to w^ch she arrived days. [She is plainly the city Rome w^th its dominions & for she sits upon the Beast w^ch is Daniels fourth Beast for she is the great city w^ch (in the time of the Roman Empire) reigneth over the kings of y^e earth she sits as sitteth upon seven hills w^ch is Daniels fourth Beast, that is she reigns over the Roman Empire. And up she is fed & nourished \flourishes/ in this dignity a time & times & half a time as {illeg} was \did/ the little horn of Daniels fourth beast who speak appeared overtopt the horns & spake had eyes & a mouth & spake great things against God & {war} made war upon the saints & therefore answers perfectly to this woman.] Now she did not arrive to this preferment or place till before the times of the four first Trumpets were expired. For by the wars of the second third & fourth she was \Trumpet Rome & Italy was/ gradually deprived of her people her Emperors, her \Roman/ Senate Consuls & magistrates at & Rome Rome & the city reduced to \of Rome became/ an ignoble Dukedome subject to the \Greek/ Exarchs at Ravenna, & in the end of the \times of the/ fourth Trumpet was {illeg} reduced to the lowest degree of fortune, being most miserably vexed & wasted by the wars of the Ostrogoths Heruli & Lombards all the 70 years of the plague of the 4^th Trumpet. T And by this fall of the temporal greatness old government & temporal greatness of Rome the way was preared for the rise of a new government & greatness under the Pope the first step to w^ch was the grant of the universal Bishoprick to the Pope by Emperor Phocas A.C. 607. And this |All w^ch & the setting up of Image-worship in Rome A.C. 608 concerning the merchant \mystical/ City of Tyre the great whore w^ch commits fornication w^th all the kingdoms of y^e world| seems to answer to the prophesy of Isaiah: Howl ye ships of Tarshish for your land is laid wast. And it shall come to pass in that day that Tyre shall be forgotten seventy years according to the days of one king. After the end of seventy years shall Tyre sing as an harlot. Take an harp go about the city thou Harlot that hast been forgotten, make sweet melody sing many songs that thou mayst be remembered. And it shall come to pass after the end of seventy years that the Lord will visit Tyre & she shall return to her hire & shall commit fornication with all the kingdoms of the world upon the face of the earth world upon the face of the earth: And her merchandise & her hire shall be holiness unto the Lord. It shall not be treasured up nor laid up: For her merchandise shall be for them that dwell before the Lord {see} to eat sufficiently & for durable cloathing: |i.e. it shall be consecrate to God| for the maintenance of Priests & Churchmen. These are the Merchants w^ch in the Apocalyps lament the fall of the great \merchant/ city because no man by|u|yeth their merchandise any more. This city was in great affiction {sic} seventy years a       So then the 1260 do not This city began to sing as an Harlot in the beginning of the Wo-T times of the Wo-Trumpets A.C. 607 \& 608/ when she obteined a grant of the Vniversal Bishoprick & set up the Images of \the Virgin Mary &/ all the Saints in the Pantheon to be worshipped, but \this worship was long opposed &/ the City of Rome remained still \still/ in the hands of y^e Greek Emperor, who governed it by a Duke subordinate to the Exarch of Ravenna till about the year 726 {&} when the Pope excommunicated the Greek Emperor for opposing the worship of images \& called a Councel at Rome for establishing that worship/ & the people of Rome imprisoned their Duke. And from hence forward the little horn of Daniels fourth Beast rose up {illeg} /woman increased in temporal\ in temporal {sic} greatness & <11v> we{illeg}|a|lth till she arrived at her place where above described.

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lin. 6. kingdoms. The lower horn w^ch came up first is \the/ kingdom of the Medes. for & the higher that of the Persians. For this Monarchy \Empire/ rose up first & was inferior to that of Persians. By the fall of the Empire before that of Persia & was inferior to it. By the fall of the Empire of the Assyrians & the division thereof between the Medes & Babylonians under Cyaxeres & Nebuchadnezzar the two empires of the Medes & Babylonians rose up at once under Cyaxeres & Nebuchadnezzar, & they are represented by the two wings of the Lyon the first of Daniels fourth beasts. Dan. 7.4. And these continued standing together till the fall of Babylon, & the rise of the Persian Empire. For upon the fallen conquest of Babylon by the Medes, Cyrus & the Persians revolted from the Medes, I think the same \before the end of the/ year, & & {sic} beat \them/ in battel the next year. {illeg} \&/ The king of Medes raised a new army & was again beaten the year following & lost his kingdom to {the} Cyrus & the Persians. The Babylonians were conquered by the Medes anno Nabonass. 209 \according to Ptolomes Canon/. And Cyrus died anno Nabonass 218, & reigned seven years over the Medes & Persians, & therefore conquered the \king of the/ Medes in the second battel anno Nabonas 211. {illeg} & set the Persians above the Medes.] who set the Persians above the Medes, Now & this was done Now Daniel continued only till the first year of Cyrus Dan. 1.21. & yet received the prophesy of the scripture of truth in the third year of Cyrus Dan. X.1, the reign of Cyrus being dated in the first case from his conquest of the king of the Medes & in the second from the conquest \his {illeg}/ his beginning to reign over the Persians. He conquered Babylon Ann. Nabonass according to the Ca 209 & died anno Nabonass. 218 according to the Canon; & reigned seven years after his conquest of the king of Medes according to Xenophon, & therefore conquered him Anno Nabonass 211. There was no time therefore for the reign of worth considering for the in this prophesy for the reign of the Medes after the fall of Babylon, & therfore I under consider the Ram as reigning in his first horn in the before the fall of Babylon, that is in the days of Daniels \the/ first of Daniels four Beasts, & in his second horn in the days of the second Beast.

plin. {29}740. waxed exceeding great. And \this/ little horn reigned in the days of Daniel's fourth b|B|east. For in the days \eigth year/ of Antiochus, the kingdom of Macedon was conquered by the Romans (the principal kingdom \horn/ of the four,) was conquered by the Romans. & the \conquering/ people w^ch composed this new kingdom are called Kittim{g}, & thereby declared \manifested/ to belong to the body of the Goat. For the Romans were descended from the Greeks & thence Italy was called Magna Græcia, & their ships which they sent against immediately after their \within a month or two after they had/ conque{illeg}|red| of the kingdom of Macedon, they sent against Antiochus Epiphanes then in Egypt, are called the ships of Kittim Dan. 11.20. And Kittim was the son of Iavan & Iavan {was} the whose posterity is represented by the Goad|t| |as| above. |And again in the prophesy of Balaam (if we may regard it as recited by Moses in favour of Israel) the Romans are called Kittim. And ships, saith he, shall come from Kittim & shall afflict Assur & s. a. E.|

This little horn waxed exceeding great towards the south by conquering Carthage & \with/ Afric, \Libya & Egypt/ & towards the east by conquering Asia minor Armenia & Syria, & towards the pleasant land by conquering Iudea. It waxed great even to the host of heaven (the people of the Iews,) & it cast down {illeg} some of the host & of the starrs to the grownd & it stamped upon them. Ye {sic} he magnified himself even to the Prince of the host, the Prince of Princes (Iesus Christ,) & by him the daily sacrifice was taken away & the the {sic} place of his sanctuary (the temple) was cast down, viz^t in the war w^ch he made upon the Iews in the reign of Nero & Vespasian. And the host was given over \[to him]/ by the transgression against the daily sacrifice \& it cast down the truth to the grownd & it practised & prospered/. For in the reign of the Emperor Hadrian they \horn/ built a \the Romans built a/ temple to Iupiter Olympus on mount Sion where the temple of the Iews had stood, & made war against the Iews with very great slaughter, & banished them from Iudea upon pain of death, & placed the \carved/ statue of a hog on one of the gates of the city \& they have ever since {ever} continued in exile./ And {illeg} |Then,| saith Daniel, I heard one saint speaking & another said unto that certain saint w^ch spake, How long shall be the vision concerning the daily sacrifice & the transgression of desolation \w^ch w^ch maketh desolate/, to give both the sanctuary & the host to be troden under foot? And he said unto me, Vnto two thousand & three hundred \(prophetic)/ days; then shall the sanctuary be cleansed. – For at the time of the end shall be the vision. – even in the last end of the indignation: that is, at the last end of Gods indignation amongst against the Iews, or at the last end of the long captivity & dispersion of the Iews predicted by Moses & the prophets; w^ch \indignation/ is not yet at an end. Thus the little horn grew mighty, but not by his own power, not by the power of Macedon \Kittim or Iavan/, but by that of Kittim & of the nations of Afric, Armenia, Syria, France, Spain, Helvetia, Dacia & Germany conquered by Kittim.  < insertion from f 13r >  The hebrew w^ch I h               – w^ch I here translate after him \one of them/ Dan. 8.9. \VIII.9./ is usually translated out out of one of them, as if one horn grew out of another. & so the Hebrew            Dan. XI.31 which is usually translated on his part. Dan XI.31, I had rather translate after him. For Daniel sometimes uses the preposition מן to signify after as in ch. XI.8 where ממר signifies after the king.

< text from f 12r resumes > <12v>

Some take this little horn &c. – – – – put for years Ezek. IV.5, 6.

If the prophesy of Balaam &c. – – – – – – continued 1590 years.

the isles of the Gentiles were divided in their lands; every one after his tongue, after their families, in their nations. Gen. X.4, 5. The isles of the Gentiles are here composed of several nations speaking several languages, & in the style of the scripture they comprehend all Europe. The king of Iavan is here usually interpreted to signify the king of Greece & in this sense the Goat in the – {was} waxed exceeding great began were arrived at the height; after one of them came forth a little horn. –            מיכ Translators usually render it of out of one of them: but \as/ Daniel uses the word ההלח to signify after, as in Dan. XI.8. phrase ממלכ to signify after the king \Dan. XI.8/: so here      מ may signify after {illeg} one of them. For {illeg} then the kingdom of Macedon fell, the principal kingdom of the four, fell, being conquered by the Romans, & by that conquest the a new horn of the Goat, rose up the kingdom of the Romans being \rose up. For this kingdom was/ within the isles of the gentiles. For when the transgressors were come to the full, aft the kingdom of Macedon fell being conq fell \w^ch was the principal/ horn of the four, did fall, being conquered by the Romans, & h at the same, by that conquest, the kingdom of the Romans a new horn rose up of the Goat, the kingdom of the Romans rose up so as to begin to be considered by the Roma in this prophesy. For this kingdom was within the isles of the Gentiles & so was most fitly represented by the the isles of the a horn of the Goat. Italy was called magna Græcia. And when the Romans had newly conquered Mace{d}on & the same summer sent embassadors to Egypt against Antiochus Epiphanes, their shipps are called the ships of Chittim. Dan. XI.30. And if the prophesy of Balaam so far as is recited by Moses in favour of Israel may be regarded, he also calls the Romans by the name of Chittim. And ships, saith he shall come from Chittim the coast of Chittim & they shall afflict Assur & shall afflict Eber. This horn was at first but a little one comparitively to what it became afterwards. It waxed exceeding great towards the south [– – – in the reign of Nero & Vespasian. And the host was given over for the transgression againssion {sic} against the daily sacrifice, & it cast down the truth to the grownd & it practised & prospered.] by conquering Afric Libya & Egypt, & towards the east by conquering Asia minor, Armenia & Syria, & towards the pleasant land by conquering Iudea. It waxed great even to the host of heaven (the people of the Iews) & it cast down some of the host & of the starrs to the grownd & it stamped upon them. Yea he magnified himself against \even to/ the Prince of the host, I{esus Chris}t the Prince of princes, Iesus Christ, Whence came the name of Antichrist \whom he put to death/. And by him the daily sacrifice was taken away, & the place of his sanctuary was cast down, viz^t in the war w^ch he made upon the Iews in the reign of Nero & Vespasian. And the host was given over to him by the transgression against the daily sacrifice. And it cast down the truth to the grownd, & it practised & it prospered. For in the reign of the Emperor Hadrian this hor{d}|n| built a temple to Iupiter Olympus on mount Sion where the temple of the Iews had stood, & made war against the Iews with very great slaughter, & banished them from {illeg} Iudea {illeg} upon pain of death. & placed the carved statue of a hog on one of the gates of the city. Then, saith Daniel, I heard one saint speaking, & another said unto that certain saint that spake, How long shall be the vision concerning the daily scrifice {sic} & the transgression that maketh desolate to give both the sanctuary & the host to be troden under foot. And he said unit me, Vnto two thousand {illeg} & thre hundred (prophetick) days; Then shall the sanctuary be cleansed – For at the time of the end shall be the vision – even at the last end of the indignation; that is at the last end of Gods indignation against the Iews, or at the last end of the long captivity & dispersion of the Iews predicted by Moses & the Prophets. Which indignation hath already <13r> lasted since the days of Hadrian 1590 years, & is not yet at an end. Thus the power of this last horn of the goat became mighty but not by his own power not by his temporal power alone \the power of Kittim & Iavan but that of the nations of Afric Armenia Syria France Spain Helvetia Dacia & Germany conquered by Kittim/ {illeg} but by the power of as a king but by {illeg} the power of the last horn of Daniels fourth Beast in matters of religion

Some take the last horn of the Goat to be Antiochus Epiphanes, – – – – for years. Ezek. IV.5, 6.

Now in the life of Da first chapter of Daniel in describing the life of Daniel, its said that he continued even untill the first year of Cyrus, that is, untill the first year of Cyrus over Persia & Media; & afterwards its said that he received the prophesy of the third scripture of truth in the third year of Cyrus that is in his third date year over Persia \alone/ dated from the revolt of the Persians. He conquered Babylon Ann. Nabonass. 209 & died Ann. Nabonass. 218 according to the Canon of Ptolemy, & reigned seven years over the Persians & Medes after his conquest of the king of Medes according to Xenophon, & therefore conquered him Ann. Nabonass. 211.

& the ships w^ch the Romans immediately after this conquest sent with an embassy against Antiochus Epiphanes then in Egypt, are called the ships of Kittim{illeg} Dan. XI.30. w^ch is all one as to tell us that the Romans \are descended from Iavan & so/ belong to the body of the Goat. For Kittim was one of the sons of Iavan. \✝/ < insertion from lower down f 13r > \✝/ And if we may regard the prophesy of Balam so far as it is recited by Moses in favour of Israel the Romans are there also called Kittim. And ship {sic}, saith he, shall come from Kittim & shall afflict Assur & shall afflict Eber. < text from higher up f 13r resumes > Italy was so far{illeg} peopled from Greece as to be called magna Græcia, & it might be peopled originally from Kittim. But its sufficient \to make the Romans a horn of the Goat/ that the|y| Romans are called Kittim in the prophesies of Daniel.

The hebrew                w^ch I have translated after one of them Dan. VIII.9 is usually translated out of one of them as if one horn grew out of another. But Danuel sometimes uses the preposition מן to signify after, as in chap{illeg}. XI.8 where מ signifies after the king. And so that Hebrew          w^ch is usually translated on his part Dan. XI.31, may be more \more naturaly & w^th better sense/ tranlated {sic} after him.

¹Some take this little horn to be Antiochus Epiphanes, as if Antiochus was a little horn growing out of another horn \& the Goat had five horns gr standing up at once./. But Daniel by the horns of a Beast understands not single kings but kingdoms. The ten horns of the fourth beast were not single kings ten kingdoms, & the four horns of the Goat were four kingdoms & are called kingdoms by Daniel himself Dan. VIII.23. ³And The horn \out/ of w^ch {sic} \after w^ch/ the little little {sic} horn came up was one of them \four/. And Antiochus & his kingdom were not two horns. ²And the first horn, the great horn in the room of w^ch the four came up were of the same kind with the four. ⁴Each of the four horns had many kings & Antiochus was only king of one of them: [& the little horn was not one of the four but another horn w^ch came up after one of the four.] It was at first a little one & grew mighty towards &c – – – – – are put for years. Ezek. IV.5, 6.

Antiochus Epiphanes began his reign in the 137^th year of the kingdom of the Greeks (1 Maccab. 1.10.) smote Egypt & returned from thence the first time \& peopled the temple/ in the 143 year (1 Maccab I.20, \21/) & after two years they \in returning from Egypt a 2^d time he/ \suprized &/ smote Ierusalem & forbid put a garrison therein & interdicted the worship in the temple & commanded \y^t they should leave their children uncircumcised &/ that all should be of one religion upon pain of death, \This was in the 145 year that is in the eighth year of the king/ & on the fifteenth day of the month Casleu in the 14^th /same\ year, [that is in the eighth year of the king,] they set up the abomination of desolation upon the Altar in the temple & built Idol altars th|r|oughout the cities of Iuda. & burnt the books of the law & commanded that those who kept them should be put to death. (1 Maccab. I.{24, 22} \29 & 54/, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34, \41,/ 42, 43, 44, 45, 54, 56, 57, 59. Now for pointing out this remarkable period Daniel pursues the description of the affairs of the kings of the north & south very particularly untill he come to it. And then he describes it by telling us that afte that {sic} the king of the north at the time appointed shall return & come toward the south a second time, but the latter expedition shall not be as the former. For the ships of Chittim shall come against him Therefore he shall be grieved & return \(out of Egypt)/, & have indignation with against the holy covenant: so shall he do, he shall even return \(out of Egypt)/ & have intelligence w^th them that forsake the holy covenant. <13v> And when he has thus carried on the description of the affairs of the kings of the north & south to the eigth year of Antiochus \Epiphanes/, he passes from the affairs of the Greeks to those of the Romans, & describes them by much larger steps then he had done those of the Greeks. In the prophesy of the Ram & He Goat its said that after one of the four horns of the Goat (meaning the kingdom of Macedon,) came forth a little horn (meaning the power of the Romans) & waxed exceeding great (meaning the power of the Romans):) & the same transition is here repeated in the following manner.

& after two full years, that is in the 145^th year w^ch (1 Maccab. I.29, 54) in returning from Egypt the second time, he surprized & smote Ierusalem & put a garrison therein & interdicted the worship in the temple, & commanded that the Iews should leave their children uncircumcised & that all men should be of one religion upon pain of death. And on the 15^th day of the month Casleu in the same year they set up the abomination of desolation (as the historian calls it) upon the altar in the temple & built idol altars throughout the cities of Iuda & burnt the books of the law & commanded that those that kept them should be put to death. All this was done in the eigth year of the king. And for pointing out this remarkable period Daniel pursues the description of the affairs of the kings of the north & south very particularly untill he comes to it & then describes it by telling us that

Pharamund, Clodius, Merovæus, Childeric^I, Clodovæus, Clotharius, Cheribertus, Chilperic \II/, Clotharius II. Dagobert Clodovæus II. Clotharius III. Childeric, Thoderic I. Clodavæus III. Childerbert II. Dagobert II. Chilperic III. Theoderic II. Childeric IV. Pipin. Carolus Magnus Ludovicus Pius. Carolus Calvus Ludovicus Balbus.

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the Persians who subdued it. The Babylonians were|as| conquered by the Medes Anno Nabonass 209, & the Medes by the Persians within two years after \Anno Nabonass 211/. But the Persians began to revolt from the Medes presently after the fall of Babylon, I think in the end of the same year so as to leave no time worth considering for the reign of the Empire of the Medes after the fall of Babylon. For \in Daniel {sic} {life}/ its said that Daniel continued only till the first year of Cyrus Dan. X.I: the reign of Cyrus being dated in the first case \that is in the history of his life/ from his conquest of the Medes, & in the second case \(that is in the his Prophesies)/ from from his revolting from the Medes & beginning to reign of \over/ the Persians. So then \the/ Ram reigned in his first horn only all all the time of his the first Monarchy \Empire/ & in both his horns all the time of the two {firses} then the second horn rose up & continued the higher horn all the time of the second Monarchy \Empire/. And \therefore/ the Ram comprehends the times of the two first Empires of the four Empires

# And by setting up the {tra} w^ch is not yet at an end, & in respect of which the transgression     And in respect of which the transgression set up in Iudea during the exile of the Iews is called the transgression of desolation & the abomination w^ch maketh desolate. Thus the little horn And this abomination was was \to be/ set up till after the death of Christ Matt. 24.15.

The Persians beat th

The Medes were beaten by the Mede Persians in two Battels & in the first battel \w^ch/ was in the yeare of Nabonassar 210, by the fraud of Harpagus lost their dominion irrecoverably army, Darius got up a new army, but was beaten \again by the Persians/ & taken prisoner at Pasargada & lost \all the remainder of/ his kingdom to Cyrus Ann Nabonass. 21. In the life of Daniel its said that

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Now this vision of the first Temple with seven golden Candlesticks \continues till the sounding of the seventh opening of the seventh seal/ & then there is a twofold representation of the great change of the affairs of the Church: and by \allusion to/ the fea days of expiation & feast of y^e seventh month, the other by \allusion to/ the day of the expiation & feast of the seventh month the first Temple continues with the seven golden candlesticks & the lamb before the throne \therein/ till the end of the feast: but if the change be made represented by allusion to the Babylonian captivity the first temple is destroyed by the Babylonians & a new Temple built with two candlesticks & two olive trees in allusion resembling those in the second temple described in the vision{illeg} of Zachary. In that vision the seven lamps were joyned to a golden bowle by seven golden pipes through w^ch the oyle ran into them, & the bowle stood upon a golden candlestick & was joyned to two vessels of oyle on either side by two golden pipes through w^ch the oyle ran into it, & the two vessels were supported by two olive trees, not living trees with branches & leaves but shafts, but shafts of olive wood. In the Apocalyps there being two golden candlesticks it is to be supposed that the golden bowle being in an oblong form is supported by two golden candlesticks one at either end, Conceiv \the bowle being in an oblong form./

Conceive therefore that when the times of the first \sea|ix|les/ seals are expired, the 144000 are sealed in the first Temple the Lamb standing before the throne, & {that} untill the vision of the Palm-bearing multitude is at an end, & that when the seventh Trumpet sounds the Lamb changes his shape into the form of {illeg} an high Priest & appears in the same Temple in the form of the High Priest with a golden censer to offer the prayers of the saints upon the golden Altar in the same T first Temple. I say he changes his shape: for he never appears in two shapes at once. And when the first six Trumpets Angels have sounded their Trumpets \in this Temple/ conceive that the Lamb appeares again in the form an Angl|e|l coming down from heaven \with the book o/ & setti|s|ng his right foot upon the sea of glass & his left foot upon the earth in this Temple \with the book open in his hand/ & continues in this posture till the seven thunders have uttered their voices {& then} at the sacrifices in this Temple & then stands up & prophesies to Iohn con Iohn takes the book & eats it in order to prophesy again & the {sic} And stand the Angel stands up with his right foot on the sea & his left foot on the earth & in allusion to the Babylonian captivity prophesies & the building of a new Temple pen bidds Iohn measure the Tem prophesies to Iohn concerning the building of second new Temple with two Candlesticks in it. But this Temple was not shewed to Iohn in the visions. All the visions appeared in the first Temple. Now the Lamb in the form of an Angel standing on the earth & sea signifies the Church of Christ diffused through the earth & sea & his two feet signify the distinction of this Church into \two Churches/ the Churches of the earth & sea. And these are the two witnesses. For the {An}{illeg} Candlesticks are churches &        & so are Olive trees

. And two Candlesticks supporting all the seven lamps can signify nothing less then the church catholick.

untill the Woman fled from the Temple into the wilderness & ceased to be illuminated any longer by the light of these lamps; & \then/ in allusion to the Baby times of the Babylonian captivity a second Temple is built for \the worship of those/ those that remain in Iudea & in the holy city now troden down \underfoot/ by the Babylonian gentiles|, & the outward court of this temple is left open & unbuilt & given to those Gentiles.|

These two olive trees & this Candlestick (suppose w^th two brances {sic}) are alluded unto in the Apocalyps. And \For |[And|/ as the seven branches of the \first/ golden candlestick are \in this book/ called seven candlesticks, so the two branches of the second candlestick are \here/ called two candlesticks] the name of candlestick w^ch in old Testament is given to the stem w^th all its branches, being in this prophesy given to each of the branches.

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And the same thing is represented by the mystical body of Christ \the {sic} son of man/ appearing in the beginning of the Prophesy with two flaming eyes, & {illeg} & two feet burning as it were in a furnace. His mystical body represents the church catholick & his eyes leggs denote the division of the|i||s| Church into two parts the Churches of the Greeks & Latines the nations of the third & fourth Empires. And when the son of man in the form of |an| Angel sits comes down from heaven with feet as pillars of fire & a little book open in his hand & sets his right foot upon the sea & left foot upon the earth, his mystical body \still/ represents the Church catholic diffused through the nations of the earth & sea or Greeks & Latines. in the times which follow the opening of book of the last sea of all the seals of the book He has a little book open in his hand to signify that this \last/ vision relates to the times which follow the opening of all the seales, that is in the times during the \to the times of/ sounding of the seven Trumpets. He stands in this posture all the time that he is prophesying concerning the second Temple & the two witnesses. And therefore the two Witnesses being represented by the \the/ two Candlesticks & two Olive trees in this Temple & so being the two Churches of God {illeg} \Christ/ which worship in his Temple are the the {sic} \same/ Churches \with those/ represented by his two leggs, the churches diffused through the nations of the earth & sea, the Churches of the Greeks & Latines.

This Temple with it {sic} Candlesticks appears not in the visions When the times of the seventh seale are represented by the \day of expiation &/ feast of theseventh month, Iohn sees in this Temple the sealing of y^e 144000 in the day of expiation & the celebration of the seven days of the feast with soundings of Trumpets & musick like thunders at the sacrifices. But when the times of this seale are represented by allusions to the Babylon captivity Iohn the Angel only tells him the allusions {illeg} without sheweing him to him any new vision.

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are called Gods two Witnesses. They are derived from the Womans two Wings & prophesy against all that worship the Beast. And when they shall be finishing their Testimony the Beast with his worshippers makes war upon them against them & {illeg} overcomes them & kills them. By the same figure that the Dragon keeps his ten horns & the woman her two wings after they are separated from one another the Witnesses may keep the name of the two witnesses after they are separated both from the Dragon & from the Woman. And \thus/ the Roman Empire at its first division became distinguished into two Empires w^th their Churches fals & true, the Dragon the two horned Beast & one Witness in the earth, & the Beast the Woman & the other witness in the sea. But \yet {illeg} God hath but one Temple for his worshippers &/ these two Witnesses are but one Church catholick the true church of God \worshipping in this Temple/, & as the Beast having once obteined the name of the Beast with ten horns retains it ever after tho the horns do not always remain the same, so the true Church catholick of God retains the having once obteined the name of the two Witnesses, retains the|a||t| name ever after without regard to any changes which may happen to this Church from in point of government or numbers or in relation to the kingdoms or regions throughout w^ch it is dispersed at any time dispersed. What ever the true Church of Christ does or suffers in in the east or west or in the Scythaas or Germany any place or kingdom, the two Witnesses do or suffer \in that place/. And tho the Beast is properly the Western Emp{illeg}ire divided into many kingdoms, yet he may be taken in sometimes taken in a {illeg} larger sense so as to include his worshippers, that is all the people within the bounds of the Roman Empire whose names are not written in the book of life, & against whom the two Witnesses prophesy.

^{[Editorial Note 4]} <15v>

Now the visions continue in the first Temple or Temple of the Tabernacle till the end of the prophesy of the Trum seals & Trumpets. And the seven candlesticks with their lamps continue in this Temple till the end of th all these visions. The Lamb with seven eyes & seven horns continues before the throne till the end of the vision of the palm-bearing multitude.

In the second Temple

The form of the /and his horns the seven churches.\

In the second Temple there was a candlestick \w^th seven lamps/ whose form is thus described in the visions of Zechary ch. 4. T It supported a bowle of oyle The seven lamps were joyned to a golden bowle of oyle by seven golden pipes through which the oyle ran into them, & the bowle stood upon a golden candlestick & wa{illeg}|s| joyned \(suppose with two branches/ to two vessels of oyle on either side by two golden pipes through w^ch the oyle ran into it, & the two vessels were supported by two Olive trees, not living trees growing upon a root & flourishing with branches & leaves, but shafts of wood olive wood. These two olive trees are alluded unto in the Apocalyps & instead of one golden candlestick to support the bowle with its seven lamps there are two \suppose two branches from a common pedestal./. Now candlesticks signify Churches as above, & so do olive trees Rom 11.17, 24. And since these |two| Candlesticks support \the bowle all/ the seven lamps & the two Olive branches supply them with oyle for illuminating the whole Temple \of God/ they must represent the Church Catholick \whole Church of God/ distinguished into the {r} two Churches. And the same thing is signified by Ch the mystical body of Christ with two burning leggs & two \flaming/ eyes |feet as pillars of fire. He has the book open in his hand to signify the times of this seventh seale {upon} w^ch follow the opening of the seventh seale.| He sets his right foot upon the sea & his left foot upon the earth & stands in this posture till to signify \that he represents/ the{illeg} \y^e whole/ church catholic \of God/ diffused through the earth & sea. He stands in this posture all the time that he is prophesying concerning the times of second Temple & two witnesses & therefore the two Witnesses represented by the two candlesticks & two Olive trees are the Church catholick distinguished into \in this Temple are the true Church catholick of God composed of/ the Churches of the earth & sea. This Temple with its Candlesticks appear not in the Prophesy \visions/, the Angel only prophesies to Iohn concerning them without shew{ing} them to him. in the visions, a|A|ll w^ch \the visions/ appear in the first Temple till the sounding of the seventh Trumpet. It is in the first Temple that \And/ Iohn measures the \inner/ courts of the \first/ Temple & Altar & them that worship therein to signify that they should be rebuilt: And all the visions appear in the first Temple till the sounding of the seventh Trumpet.

The two witnesses prophesy in \the/ times of the \open Book that is of the by consequence of y^e/ seven Trumpets. And if any man will hurt them first proceedeth out of their mouth & devoureth their enemies. These have power \[like Elijah & Elisha in the reign of Iezabel]/to shut heaven that it rain not in the days of their prophesy: that is, they have the power of Elis|j|ah & Elisha & are persecuted by the Woman Iezabel as those prophets were in a dry & barren season. And they have power. \[& therefore they prophesy in a dry & barren season when the woman or reigns in the wilderness where the woman reigneth.]/. And \[like Moses & Aaron {illeg}ing on {illeg} Egypt {illeg}]/ they have power to turn the waters into blood & to smite the earth with all plagues as often as they will. For their seven lamps are the seven spirits of God & the {illeg} \or Angels & the seven Angels/ w^ch stand before y^e throne \of God/. They are the seven Angels which stand before God & sound the seven trumpets: & pour out the seven ma \& have the seven Angels which &/ have the seven last plagues {illeg} the seven \or/ vials of wrath. And the sounding of the first Trumpet ........./untill the Woman represents

In allusion to the prophesying of \the Prophets/ Haggain & Zechary at the building of the second Temple the two Witnesses of Christ prophesy in Sac\k/cloth while the Babylonian gentiles tread the holy city underfoot. And if any man will hurt

\He was cast out of the Temple above into the P{illeg} peoples court./ And he came down to the inhabiters of the earth & sea. with great wrath These are nations on w^ch the plagues of the two first Trumpets fell, & the \inhabiters of the/ regions on w^chthe Son of man {illeg} set his two feet in the form of an Angel set his two feet \right foot & his left/; the nations which are the subject of the prophesy, the kingdo & over whom the Dragon \now/ reigneth {illeg} And he pours against whom \untill the Beast ariseth out of y^e sea & where {illeg} to whom/ the two witnesses prophesi|y|ed in the in the Temple.

And he persecuted the Woman w^ch brought forth the man child, & to the Woman were given two Wig|n|gs of a great Eagle [the Roman Empure] that she might fly [from the Dragon & from the Temple of God \in Iudea/ into the wilderness, \or deserts/ [of Arabia] \& {illeg}/ into the great city Babylon.] She being a type of the Church catholic \diffused through the Roman Empire,/ her two wings are a type of the division of the church Catholick into two Churches the Churches of the earth & sea <15r> & these wings are given her by the division of the Roman Empire into the Empire of the Earth & sea or Greeks & Latines & therefore are called the wings of a great Eagle, & {illeg}

The {illeg}|gr|eat Eagle denotes the Roman Empire & by the division of this empire into {f} \the Empires of the earth & sea or)/ Greeks & Latines, empires the Woman w^th {a} or Church Catholick diffused through this Empire received two wings of a great Eagle, that is she becomes distinguished into the churches of the earth & sea.

) & here signifies \that/ the inner court of the Temple should be rebuilt

& the visions therein, viz^t those of sealing the saints, sounding the Trumpets & uttering the Thunders alluded unto the Fast & feast of the seventh month. But now upon prophesying out of a new leafe of the book the Angel prophesies with allusion alludes unto the Babylonian captivity & building of a new \second/ Temple after the first had been destroyed. For measuring is a type of building (Zech. 2. Ezek. 40) & it was in the time of the second Temple only that the Gentiles trode down the Holy city under foot & that the outward court was left unbuilt & lay open to the gentiles & was called the court of the Gentiles. Yet I do not perceive{d} that the second Temple appeared to Iohn. The Angel only commanded h All the visions appeared in the first Temple & the Angel commanded \Iohn/ to measure the inner courts of this Temple in token that they should be rebuilt & \to/ leave the outward {Court} of this Temple unmeasured in token that it should not be rebuilt. Measur{in} \For/ The four & twenty elders remain in this Temple. [And the seventh Angel sounded in this Temple & the 24 Elders which sat before God on their seats in this Temple remain there {illeg} till this Angel sounded.] Measuring is also a type &c.

The \inner/ Courts {illeg} of the first Temple in which

The visions had hitherto appeared in the first Temple & those of the those of the sealing the saints sounding the Trumpets & uttering thunders had alluded unto the \fast &/ feast of the seventh month \celebrated {illeg} in this Temple/. The Angel still appears in the first \same/ Temple, but & a but in his discourses alludes in {sic} prophesying out of a new leaf of the book alludes unto the Babylonian captivity & |y^e| building of a second Temple is not shewed unto Iohn, but the Angel commands him to measure the inner Courts of the first Temple to {sic}signify \in token/ that they should be rebuilt \for the worship of the tribes of {50} Iews people of God/ & to leave the outward Courts of this temple unmeasured to signify \in token/ that it shod|u|ld not be rebuilt but be given to the Gentiles those Gentiles who tread captivate the holy city & tread it under foot, that is to the Babylonians \the Whore of Babylon & her Beast & those that worship him/. For measuring is a type of building [Zech. 2 Ezek. 40] & the outward court of the second Temple was not rebuilt by Zerubbabel but left open to y^e Babylonians & called the Genti court of the Gentiles. Measuring is also

And when \the Dragon has made war with this remnant &/ the Ten horned Beast is risen out of the sea & has received the Dragons throne in the West & all that dwell upon the earth begin to worship him whose names are not written in the book of life: then the remnant is represented either by the 144000 sealed out of all the twelve Tribes of Israel & worshipping in the first Temple & by the seven candlesticks celebrating celebrating the \seven days of the/ feast of the seventh month in the w^th great sacrifices & by the |standing| seven gold & singing a new song as Prophets upon mount Sion with the Lamb & upon the sea of glass & singing a new song as Proph Gods prophets, or interpreters of his \his/ prophesy|s|: or else they are represented by his t with allusion to the Babylonian captivity they are & to the building of a {se} they are represent {sic} by two Witnesses or Prophets worshipping in the a second Temple whose outward Court is given th to the Babylonian Gentiles \those Gentiles/ who worship the beast. {&} are represent \These Gentiles are/ all men that dwell upon the earth whose names are not written in the book of life, whether they compose the body of the Beast in the west to whom the Dragon gave his throne in the West, or the body of his worshippers in the east \his/ those that dwell in the earth & by the influence of the two horned Beast are induced to worship him. These Gentil The outward Court lies open to all the worshippers of the Beast & the inward Court is for the remnant of the Womans seed or as many of them as are sealed w^th the seale of God, & in relation to the earth & sea throughout w^ch the twelve Tribes were

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While y^e Woman is in heaven she is the seven Candlesticks & y^e seven horns of y^e Lamb, but when

The seven Candlesticks & seven horns of y^e Lamb are the Woman while she sontinues in heaven & when she flys into the wilderness they are the remnant of her seed w^ch she leaves behind her in the Dragons kingdom, & the two Candlesticks & two witnesses are the saints upon w^ch the Beast makes war & with whose \blood/ the Whore is drunken.

The woman in heaven with a crown of 12 stars upon hea|r|d head is the 12 Tribes of Israel. And When she flys into y^e wilderness there are 12000 sealed \in their foreheads/ out of every Tribe, in all 144000 \(Apoc 7)/ & these are the remnant of her seed. These stand on mount Sion w^th y^e Lamb \untill the fall of Babylon,/ having his name & his fathers name written on their foreheads. & are not defiled with weomen like the kings of y^e earth who commit \spiritual/ fornication w^th the whore, For & the nations who are drunk w^th y^e wine of her fornication. For

These heads are called \seven/ kings & they are described successive by saying Five are fallen & one is & another is not come & the Beast w^ch was & is not he is y^e eighth & of y^e seven. All w^ch is as much as to say that in y^e time time {sic} of the sixt head the it may be said the Beast was it may be \head or king/ the Beast was \is/ wounded to death with a sword & then he is called the Beast w^ch was & is not but in y^e time of y^e seventh head he \king he revives &/ ascends out of y^e abyss & \so/ is y^e eighth head \king/ & yet of of y^e seven because a collateral part of y^e seventh. The words five are fallen & one is & the Beast w^ch was & is not |respect not the days of Iohn For Iohn prophesied not of things past They respect not the days of Iohn (for Iohn prophesied not of things past) but they respect the| are relative expressions. When \ever/ it may be said of the heads kings that five are fallen & one is then it may be said of y^e Beast that he was & is not. These seven kings successive kings are \therefore/ seven successive \Reigns or/ Dynasties of the Empire & \{illeg}|these| reigns kings/ commence at y{illeg}\e/ opening of the seven seales. For by the opening of the seales the Empire is distinguished into seven successive kings or dynasties, the four first of w^ch are represented by four horsemen, & is those may be called seven heads of y^e Dragon or Beast, there is no reason to look for any other. If it be said that five heads were fallen before y^e days of Iohn I answer that the {illeg} Iohn prophesied not of things past. The words five are fallen & one is & y^e words Beast w^ch was & is not \res {sic}/ have respect only \to/ one another Whenever it may be said that five are fallen & one is, then it may be said that y^e Beast was & is not. Iohn looks upon that time as present in the visions & from thence takes a prospect of the Whore Whore & her Beast.

Now the Dynasties of the Roman emperors were these. The first Dynasty was of Iulius Cæsar & \Italians till Nero Trajan & in this Dynasty reigned fo/ his family till the Death of Nero, {illeg} \being Italians/ In y^e end of w^ch \this Dynasty/ this prophesy was written, And after the writing thereof the reigned of the first \reigned/ j^st Dynasty was of Vespasian & his family till Nerva \being also Italians/. 2 Trajan a Spaniard & his family till Pertinax \being Spain/. 3 Severus \an African/ & a race of Africans. till 4 Decius & a confused race of shortlived Emperors & Tyrants to y^e number of about 40 within the compass of 33 years \out of the north./ in very troublesome times. 5 Diocletian & his colleg|a|gues who restored y^e Empe|i|ro|e|r & persecuted y^e Church 6 Constantine the great & his family till Iovian \the death of Iulian./. 7 Valentinian & his family & their colleagues till the after the division of y^e western Empire into ten kingdoms.

^{[Editorial Note 5]} <17v>

\at y^e death of Constantine y^e great & his son Constantine/ received two wings of a great Eagle that she might fly into y^e wilderness to her place where upon y^e back of y^e Beast where she is nourished that is fares \lives/ deliciously by the Merchants of the earth for a time times & an half from y^e face of y^e serpent, that is by the division of the Empire she flyes from y^e Dragon or Eastern part of the Empire & into the wilderness or western part & there arrive at length arrives \there/ to her place or dignity upon y^e back of y^e Beast where she is nourished by the Merchants of y^e Earth & lives deliciously w^th the the kings \of y^e earth/ or horns of the Beast for 1260 years, three time {sic} & an half, recconing a time for 360 years days & a day for a year. And while t|s|he woman thus flyes from y^e Dragon \Woman/ by the division of y^e Empire nations into y^e East & the Woman \thus/ flys from the \Dragon/ into y^e west, the two-horned Beast rises out of y^e Earth in y^e east in y^e room of y^e Woman \the Dragon retires from y^e woman {times} into y^e east to make war upon the remnant of her seed w^ch she leaves behind her & w^ch keep the comma & \in his kingdom/ w^ch keep y^e commandments of God & have y^e testimony of Iesus Christ, & the ten horned beast rises out of y^e sea in y^e west in the room of y^e retiring Dragon./ & y^e ten-horned Beast rises out of y^e sea in y^e west in the room of y^e \retiring/ Dragon, & the woman leaves behind her & the east a remnant of her seed w^ch keep the & y^e great whore w^ch sits upon him is \seems/ drunken w^th their blood. {sic} \& makes warr upon the saints in his kingdom/

The Empire became twice divided first at y^e death of Constantine the great & then at y^e death of Theodosius \Valentinian or soon after/. After the first division \Vpon After & between these/ |periods| the Beast \rose out of the sea & /in the reign of Magnentius\/ was wounded to death by y^e \conquering/ sword of Constantius, & then by a \& then was called the beast was & is not {illeg} & shall/ new division at y^e death of \Vale Iovan he rose out/ Theodosius of \he rose out of the bottomles pit & his sea or abyss & his/ deadly wound was healed. While y^e Beast lay dead of his wound he is called y^e Beast w^ch was & is not & shall ascend out of the bottomless pit. He rose twice, first out of y^e sea & then out of the bottomless pit. \ascend out of the abyss or sea. By {illeg} When he ascended his deadly wound was healed/ For while he lay dead of his wound he is called the Beast w^ch was & is not & shall ascend out of the bottomless pit abyss.

The Dragon & Beast have the

\Because the/ Before the division of y^e Empire the Beast lay hid \was conteined/ \virtually/ in y^e Dragons body & therefore they have common heads & horns. But the heads of y^e Dragon & \only & the/ horns of y^e Beast are only \are/ crowned to signify that \only/ the Dragon reigns \only/ in the heads & \only/ the Beast \only/ in the horns. These heads are \called/ seven successive kings \(Apoc 17)/ that is Reigns or \seven reigns or/ Dynasties of y^e Dragon Empire. [& commence at y^e opening of y^e seven seales. The four first \reigns or \of these reigns or// kings are \For the Empire by the opening of the seals is distinguished into seven successive reigns. And the four first of these reigns or kings are represented by four horsemen.]/ represented by four horsmen. In the time \of the fift head the woman \cried/ travailed in birth & {illeg} pained to be delivered in that/ of y^e sixt \head/ {illeg}her |{illeg} child was caught up to God & his throne & she received| woman receives two wings of a great eagle to fly into y^e wilderness & \then/ the Angel carried Iohn thither thither to {illeg} see{m} her sitting on her Beast & then it is said that y^e b|B|east was & is not & shall ascend, & |y^t| the heads are seven kings, five are fallen & one is & another is not come & y^e Beast w^ch was & is not he is y^e eight & |is| of the seven \& shall ascend &/. that is, the Beast rises In \The Beast ascends in/ y^e reign of y^e seventh Head the Beast ascends & so is y^e eighth & yet he is of y^e seven because a collateral part of y^e seventh \head/ divided into two. At y^e same time \In the time of y^e sixt head./ it is also said that y^e \ten/ horns have received no power \kingdom/ as yet, but receive power as kings \at/ the same hour time with the Beast. \In the reign of the seventh head/ When y^e Beast rises out of the bottomless pit, then y^e ten horns receive power as kings.

The Dynasties of Roman Emperors we|a|re these, |first| Iulius Cæsar & his family <16v> family till the death of Nero. {illeg} \in the end of whose reign the Apocalyps was written & after the writing thereof/ Vespasian & his family till Nerva. 2 Trajan & his family of Spaniards till the reign of Pertinax. 4|3| {illeg} Severus & a race of Africans. 5|4| Decius & a confused race of short lived Emperors in{illeg} including & Tyrants to the number of about 40 within the compas of very troublesome times 33 years in very troublesome times. 6|5| Dioclesian & his Colleagues. \who restored the Empire & persecuted the Church/ 7|6| Constantine the great & his family till the death of Iulian the Apostate. 8|7| Valentinian & his family & their Collegues till \after/ the last division of the Empire. These seven Dynasties [are the seven |kings or| heads of the Dragon \& Beast/ reigning] \reigned/ successively at y^e opening of y^e seven seals & the four first of them are the four horsmen.

At the opening of the first seal Iohn saw the first Beast who {illeg} w^ch stood on y^e eastern side of y^e court called Iohn to come

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At y^e opening of y^e 5^t seal Iohn saw the {solels} under the Altar the souls of them that were slain for y^e work of God & for y^e testimony w^ch they held that is he saw the bodies of y^e martyrs lye slain at y^e foo as sacrifices at y^e foot of y^e Altar. \All {was} is a description \in that great persecution/ of Dioclesians./ And another \Persecution These martyrs/ are the army of Michael who overcame the Dragon by the blood of y^e Lamb & word of their testimony & loved not their lives unto y^e death. At this time therefore was the war in heaven between Michael & y^e Dragon, & the Woman in heaven cried in travail & pained to be delivered.

At the opening of the sixt seal \there is {illeg} \a great/ earthquake &/ the Sun Moon & Stars are smitten & y^e hevens depart & |y^e| Mountains & Islands fleee away & the kings & great men hide themselves from y^e face of God & y^e Lamb from y^e wrath of y^e Lamb. All w^ch is a description of the \y^e end of the world politick that is of or/ fall of the {great} \great/ kingdom \of y^e earth world &,/ such a kingdom as was hostile to the Christian religion. At this time therefore the great red Dragon \w^ch deceived the whole world/ was cast out of heaven & \in his room/ the new born manchild was caught up to God & to his throne & \to rule all nations w^th a rod of iron &/ this was done by the conversion of the Empire to Christianity in the reign of Constantine the great & his sons. And now by the division of the Empire y^e wom at y^e death of the two Constantines the woman receives two wings of a great e{illeg}|a|gle to fly into y^e wilderness & at y^e death overthrow & death of Magnentius the Beast is wounded \to death/ with a sword, & then Iohn is carried into the Wilderness & sees the woman there & the \sitting on her/ Beast which was & is not & & shall ascende & is told \w^th respect to the time of y^e sixt seale looked upon as present in y^e visions/ that y^e Beast was & is not & that y^e seven heads are seaven kings whereof five are were fallen & one was & y^e another was not yet come & when he came he should continue a short space & y^e Beast w^ch was & is not he is y^e eighth & of y^e seven. & shall Because he rises in the reign of the seventh head he is the eighth, & yet he is of the seven being a collateral part of {illeg} \the seventh/ divided into two. Iohn is told also w^th respect to y^e same time of y^e sixt head that the ten horns of the Beast are ten kings w^ch have recceived no kingdom as yet but receive power as kings at y^e same time \hour/ with the Beast. It Before the Beast rises \out of the bottomles pit/ they horns have no kingdom & therefore are not crowned on the Dragons head. When the Beast \the/ rises out of y^e bottomless pit \the Beast rises out of the pit/ he becomes divided into ten kingdoms & thereby his horns receive power as kings.

The HEADS OF THE DRAGON & BEAST.

Before the division of the Empire the nations of the Beast were comprehended in the Dragons body & therefore the Dragon & Beast have common heads & horns, but the heads of y^e Dragon only & the horns of the Beast only are sealed crowned to signify that the Dragon reigns only in the heads & the Beast only in the horns or that head upon w^ch the horns grow. These heads are called seven kings & described successive by saying that five are fallen & one is & another is not come, & therefore they are seven successive reigns or Dynasties of the \whole/ Empire.

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This marking & {cl}|se|aling alludes to y^e \a/custome of the heathens of marking servants w^th the mark or name of their masters, souldiers w^th y^e mark or name of their kings or principal offenders \ship commanders/ & religious men the worshippers of a|ny| God w^th y^e mark or name of their God, as \by marking/ the worshippers of Bacchus w^th the figure of an ivy leaf or w^th the name of Bacchus or w^th the number made up of the \numeral/ letters of his name. {illeg} And such marks or names or numbers {illeg} were usually set upon the foreheads or necks \or breast,/ or right hands or arms of the person marked by burning or {pr} pricking & colouring the flesh \& were made sometimes by by burning & sometimes by pricking & colouring the flesh/. So Lucian tells us that \all/ the worshippers of the Dea Syria were marked, some in the palm of their hand others in their neck & that [from thence it is that all the Assyrians appear marked \appear all of them/ have marks upon them] by reason of this custome \from thence/ all the Assyrians are all of them appear w^th marks upon them. by Assyr {illeg} th \&/ Vnder the name of Assyrians he comprehends the Syrians & Babylonians. that is all those whom \he/ usually calls Assyrians including the {illeg} Syrians & Babylonians. And in {illeg} allusion to this custom         The same ma the Beast is said to have \upon his heads/ the names of blasphemy {upon his head} that is the names of his fals Gods & to be full of the names of blasphemy & the Whore to have upon her forehead a name written Mystery, Babylon the great

The pricking & sealing alludes also divsion of the 12 tribes

In the solemnity of the gre Fast of the seventh month – the {att} atonement for the sins of

|And| [When these \the/ times of the \Apostacy or/ first six Trumpets were expiring] Iohn] \I/ saw an Anglel {sic} fly in y^e midst of heaven w^th \having/ the everlasting gospel \[the scripture of truth ]|n|ow opened by the event of things]/ to preach unto them that dwell on the earth even to every nation & kindred & \& {sic} tongue &/ people, [whereby the 144000 became \at length/ an innumerable multitude of all nations] saying with a loud voice Feare God & give glory to him, for the hour of his judgm^t is come, & [laying aside yo^r fals gods \worship of the Beast/] worship him who made {illeg} heaven & earth. And \Conceive that y^e 144000/ by this preaching of all nations the 144000 \{soon}/ became an innumerable multitude of all nations. And there followed another Angel saying Babylon is fallen is fallen that great city because she made all nations drink {illeg} \of/ the wine of the wrath of her fornication. And a third Angel followed them saying with a loud voice If any man worship the Beast & his image & receive his mark in his forehead or in his hand \viz^t in the great tribulation or final persecution/ the same shall drink of y^e wine of the wrath of God &c. Here are \is/ the{illeg} patience of the saints here are they which keep the commandments of God & the faith of Iesus viz^t in the great tribulation or final persecution. And I heard a voice from heaven saying unto me write, Blessed are the dead which dye in the Lord from henceforth: Yea saith the spirit, they they may rest from their labours & their works do follow them. In the persecution described at the opening of the fift seal – –

And with respect to this

It was Conceive that the 7^th Tr soundes to this war & that the by \in token of/ this victory over the wicked the Victors come out of the great tribulation with Palm branches in their hands crying Salvation to o^r God, & that God henceforward wipes away all tears from their eyes.

Hitherto Iohn has \hitherto/ prophesied out of the first six leaves & the first page of the seventh leaf of this|e| eaten book in due order of time from the time of opening the first seale to y^e time of \the Palm bearing multitude &/ sounding the last Trumpet, \in due order of time/. & that he now returns \proceeds/ to prophesy out of the second page of the seventh leaf.

And I saw another signe in heaven great & marvellous seven Angels having the seven last plagues for in them is filled up the wrath of God. These are the Angels of the seven Trumpets, & their plagues are called the seven last plagues partly w^th respect to \because they follow are the plagues of the last times & \succeeding/ coming after/ the plagues of y^e Trumpets wi seales w^ch are the first, partly w^th respect to the last times & are y^e plagues of the last times & \& also to signify that they are/ the plagues last mentioned w^th w^ch the two witnesses smite the earth as often as they will & the plagues of the seven thunders w^ch were mentioned after the seven plagues of the seven \first six/ Trumpets. There they were sealed up & not written here they are written because they were not written before left{illeg} unwritten before

And I saw as it were a sea of glass mingled with fire & them that get the victory over the Beast & over his Image & \over his mark &/ over the number of his name \[y^t is them that had been and the sealed w^th y^e name of God/ stand on y^e sea of glass, having the harps of God. Conceive them standing up \upon the steps/ at the eastern gate of the Priests court {wher} so that thei|y|r feet might appear \to Iohn/ as it were standing on the sea of glass /mingled w^th the fire of the Altar.\

And they sing the song of Moses the servant of God & the song of the Lamb saying Great & marvellous – – – – manifest. \They that {illeg}/ Conceive that they sing with their & play upon their Harps at the sacrifices whose drink offferings are here represented by seven vials of wrath. For after the High Priests had finished the service of the Oblations at the Altar, they took the cup & poured of the blood of the grape at the foot of the Altar a sweet smelling savour unto the God & then the Priests sounded the Trumpets & the singers sang praises w^th their voices untill the so /& with great unity\ of sounds made sweet melody till the solemnity was ended Ecclesiastic. c. 50

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The song of the Lamb is the song w^ch the Lamb & y^e 144000 sang \on Mount Sion/ before the throne & before the four beasts & elders.

After the seven Thunders \an Angel {illeg} \{illeg}// there is time no longer [but when the seventh Angel sounds that is when the seventh thunder utters its voice the mystery of God is finished] & therefore they are the {illeg} last plagues

^{[Editorial Note 6]}

They had gotten the victory they that \[Them that {sic} had gotten such a spiritual victory as in all the epistles to y^e seven churches is called overcoming them that/ in the hour of tempation w^ch came upon all the world \to try men/ were not overcome as as to worship the Beast & his Image & receive his mark & the number of his name but overcam overcame the temptation & were sealed w^th the name of God in their foreheads, that is the 144000 who stood upon mount Sion w^th the Lamb & sung a new song, these Victors I saw] standing on the sea of glass having the sea of Glass harps of God. Conceive them – – – – And they sing the song of Moses & the Lamb saying the servant of God & the song of the Lamb, Saying – – – – manifest. The song of the Lamb is the song w^ch the Lamb sang on & y^e 144000 sang on mount Sion before y^e throne & before y^e four Beasts & Elders {th} where these victors now stand. For these victors [These Victors sing the same song in the same place w^th y^e 144000 {illeg} & are the same people] w^ch \song/ being a song of victory the victory must be a spiritual one such as was gained by the {illeg} Lamb & y^e 144000. They gained a victory over the Beast & \over/ his Image & over his mark & over the number of his name & so did these. & Both victories are the same & both songs are the same & sung by the victors in the same place & therefore the Victors in both cases are the same. // This song is also called the song of Moses, For the by reason of an allusion to the story of Moses in these prophesies. For the Dragon resembles Egypt & the woman crowned – – – – is spiritually called Egypt. Apoc. 11. And upon account of these al for upon account of the same allusions the song w^ch the Lamb & the 144000 sang w^th the Lamb on mount Sion is called the song of Moses & the Lamb as well as the song of y^e Lamb. & the T temple is called the Temple of the tabernacle \of the testimony/ & in allusion to the dedication of the Tabernacle & the cloud w^ch covered the Tabernacle as covered it during so that Moses could not enter into it & abode upon it \as often as the people rested tabernacle rested/ during all the stay of Israel in y^e wilderness, its said that when y^e temple of the tabernacle in heaven was opened & the seven Angels came out of it & one of the four Beasts gave unto y^e 7 Angels seven vials full [of [the wrath of God( [wine] of ] the wrath of God, the temple was filled with smoak from the glory of God & from his power, & no man was able to enter into the Temple till the seven plagues of the seven Angels were fulfilled that is during all the stay of the woman in the Wilderness. // untill she

The dedication of Solomons temple & the Feast of Tabernacles kept at y^e same time is also here alluded und|t|o. For when the Priests who brought y^e ark of y^e covenant into unto hi{illeg}|s|{illeg} place to the most holy & \Oracle of the house in the holy/ place, & were come out from the holy place & the Levites arrayed in white linnen having cymbals & Psalteries & harps stood at the east-end end {sic} of the altar & w^th them an hundred & twenty Priests sounding with Trumpets; & it came to pass as the trumpeters & singers were \as/ one to make one sounds to be heard in praising & thanking the Lord & lift up their voice w^th the trumpets & cymbals & instruments of music & praised the Lord, saying For he is good, for his mercy endureth for ever: that then y^e house was filled with a cloud, even the house of the Lord, so that the Priests could not stand for to minister by reason of y^e cloud: for the glory of y^e Lord had filled the house of God. 2 Chron. 5.

Conceive therefore that the Victors who stand upon the sea of glass sing first at the Dedication of \at the victory of Moses over the {Ea}/ of the Temple & after then at the pouring out of the seven sacrifices of y^e \the drink offerings of y^e sacrifices of the/ seven days of the feast of tabernacles represented here by \that is at the pouring out of the/ seven vials of wrath. For these Vials are the drink-offerings of the sacrifices, & it was the custome for y^e Priests & Levites at y^e pouring out of the drink offerings to sound the Trumpets & sing & play w^th instruments till the service was ended. Ecclesiastic. c. 50. Th And that the seven {illeg} Vials of wrath are a \supplemental/ repetition of the prophesy{illeg} of the \second page of the/ seventh leaf Trumpets & seven thunders may further appear by comparing them prophesies.

<19r>

1 The Introduction

2 A synopsis of the Prophetic figures

3 The vision of the dayly worship, described

4 The visions upon opening \the sealed Book/ & viewing the inside thereof described

The visions upon relating to upon viewing the backside of y^e sealed book.

The {illeg} visions of the

5 The interpretation of the Prophesy in other visions described

6 The Persons w^ch are the subject of the Prophesy.

7 The Prophesy of the first six seals interpreted

8 The Prophesy of sealing the seve four winds interpreted

^{[Editorial Note 7]}

In the epistles to y^e 7 Churches Iohn was bid to write things past present & to come but here he is shown only things to come & therefore all interpetations are erroneous w^ch apply any part of y^e following prophesy to things done before Iohn wrote the Prophesy was written. And immediately [by y^e power of y^e Angel who was sent to show me these things] I was in the spirit & behold a Throne set in heaven & one sitting on y^e thereon, that is he \he was in the spirit &/ sees the Adytum of y^e Temple & God sitting therein above y^e Ark between y^e Cherubims

You may conceive it composed of eight leaves sealed to one another w^th seven seals between them {&} so that y^e opening of every seale opens a leafe & that the first seven leaves are written within & the seventh & eighth on y^e backside.

In a like vision Dani of the ancient of days sitting on a throne

In such another vision \So when/ Daniel saw y^e ancient of days sitting & his throne like fiery flames & a fiery stream issuing forth from before him, it may to be conceived that Daniel saw him \as it were/ through the flames of y^e Altar

Before the Lamb opened the seventh seale & looked on y^e Prophesy of \on/ the seventh seale \inside of the seventh leaf/ you are to conceive that sh he viewed the P synchronal prophesy on y^e outside of the same \seventh/ leaf. And upon {illeg} his viewing it Iohn saith, And after these things [that is after the visions of the sixt seale] I saw – – – foreheads. Conceive that upon holding the noisy boisterous winds there was silence in heaven for half an hour & that while the servants of God were sealing the four An the {sic} Angel \w^th y^e golden Censer/ offered their prayers with incense upon the golden Altar & that after th so soon as they were sealed the winds hurt the earth at the sounding of the first Trumpet & the sea at the sounding of the second these winds being the wars of the first four Trumpets. ✝ < insertion from f 19v > ✝ & that as the {illeg} For as the first four seals are distinguished from y^e three last by the appearance of four horsmen {illeg} \towards/ y^e four winds of heaven: so the first four trumpets are distinguished from y^e 3 last by representing their warrs by y^e four winds & calling \giving the name of woes to/ the three last. Wo trumpets. In one of Ezekiels visions – – – to consume it. These visions have relation to one another & the six first Angels w^th their Trumpets. answer \men w^th their slaughter weapons answer to the six first/ conceive |y^t| the servants of God who are sealed in their foreheads keep the {ce} feast of Tabernacles & {illeg} upon y^e seventh of the feast being in the end of y^e sixt day by the preaching of the everlasting Gospel grow into an innumerabl {sic} multitude of all nations, suffer a great tribulation or persecution represented by the harvest, & at y^e sounding of y^e seventh Trumpet & pouring out of y^e seventh {illeg} Vial get a great victory over their enemies whereby the mystery of God is finished & the kingdoms of this world become the kingdoms of o^r Lord & his Christ & the {illeg} \clusters of/ vine of the earth are gathered & troden in the winepress of Gods wrath & the Beast & fals Prophet are taken \overcome by the armies in heaven/ & cast into y^e Lake of fire & the rest are slain y^e {sic} two edged sword & in token of this victory the Victors {have} {illeg} come out of y^e great tribulation with Palm-branches in their hands {illeg} (the \known/ embleme of victory) & cry Salvation to o^r God & to the Lamb, that is they celebrate the great Hosannah of the seventh day of the feast of Tabernacles. And they are henceforward before the throne of God & serve him day & night in his Temple & he that sitteth upon the throne shall dwell among them – – – from their eyes: & therefore they are the bride the Lambs wife the new Ier citizens of the new Ierusalem w^th whom God is the of whom it is said The tabernacles of God is w^th men & he will dwell with them & wipe away all tears from their eyes & there shall be no more death neither sorrow nor crying neither shall there be any more pain & God will give unto him that is at{illeg}|h|irst of y^e fountain of the water of life freely & {Chupan} & on either side of this river {illeg} is the tree of life w^ch {illeg} yields{illeg} her fruit every month. Apoc. 21, & 22. |The Tribulation out of w^ch this multitude comes is the same w^th that spoken of in Matthew immediately after w^ch the sun & moon are darkened & the stars fall from heaven & the son of man comes in the clouds of heaven. Mat. 24. This also the same w^th the tribulation \great time of/ trouble spoken of by Daniel out of w^ch y^e people of Daniel shall be delivered as many as are written in the book, & then many that sleep in the dust shall awake {illeg} & Daniel himself shall stand in his lot. Dan. 12.|

After six of the Angels had sounded their Trumpets The Lamb changes his sh answering to the six men with slaughter weapons; {illeg} the Lamb changes his shape {illeg} into the form of an \mighty/ Angel of whom coming \who came/ down from heaven cloathed w^th a cloud – pillars of fire [the shape in w^ch Christ appeared in the beginning] & he had in his hand a little book open [the the book \w^ch/ he had \received from God &/ newly opened & w^ch continued open between the sixt & seventh leaves \For Christ alone was worthy to look on this book/] & he set his right foot on y^e sea & his left foot {illeg} on the earth [{o^r} & cried w^th a loud voice as when a lyon roareth. Conceive that he \continu{illeg}ed to/ looked on the inside of the seventh leaf w^ch {illeg} \w^ch he was \{waiting}/ before in the shape of a lamb, & that he/ thereby repeated the prophesy of that leaf \page./. \Now/ It was the custome for the High {illeg} Priest on y^e day of the {illeg} Fast expiation to stand in the people {illeg} on a pulpit of wood {illeg} in y^e peoples court at y^e eastern gate of y^e Priests court & read the Law to y^e people while \the Heifer & the Goat w^ch was the Lords {lot} were burning w^thout the Temple/. Conceive him standing in such a manner that his right foot might appear to Iohn as it were standing on y^e sea of glass & his left upon the land or grownd of the House, & that he read out of the book w^th a voice as of a roaring Lion at that time when there were voices Angel {illeg} had filled his golden censer with fire of {illeg} y^e Altar & cast it to the earth & there were voices & thundrings & lightnings & an earthquake. For both Angels are the same High Priest & both voices Signify the \{illeg} are as/ signify the same things. And when he had cried seven thunders utered their voices, then \Thunders are the/ voices of the \a cloud that is from \or/ {nimbus}./ cloud wherewith that Angel was cloathed, & w^ch signifies a multitude \Conceive then to be the voices of y^e cloud/ that is of the Levites who stood upon the steps of the eastern gate of the Temple & w^th harps & other musical instruments sang at the sacrifices of the seven d days when of the feast of Tabernacles when the seven Trumpets sounded. For the Trumpets sounded & the Levites sang alternatively at every sacrifice & therefore the seven thunders are nothing else then a repetition of the prophesy of the 7 Trūpets. in another form, & therefore /for that reason\ Iohn is forbidden to write them what they uttered. < text from f 19r resumes > And that the sealed servants of God {illeg} are they that keep the feast of Tabernacles all the seven days & when y^e seventh Trumpet is ready to sound grow into a great multitude \of all nations/ suffer the \a/ great persecution a great tribulation or persecution ({illeg} as is described also by Daniel & Matthew) And come out of the tribulation at the sounding of \by a great victory./ at the sounding of y^e 7^th Tr. whereby the kingdoms of this world become the kingdoms of God & Christ, & in token of this victory they have palm branches in their hands & cry sl|a|lvation to o^r God. An that is they celebrate the great Hosannah of the seventh day of the Feast of Tabernacles.

<19v>

Acco{rd}ing to yo^r Lop^s Order sig{ni}fied to us by M^r Lowndes his letter of y^e 8^th {illeg} May instant that we should verify \transmit to yo^r Lord^p a certificate of/ the standard weight & fineness of y^e gold & silver coyns of this realm & y^e standard fineness of the plate & the Verdict of y^e Iury at y^e last tryal of y^e Pix: we do hereby certify that the Gold moneys are eleven ounces fine & one ounce of allay in y^e pound weight & that a pound weight of \stand/ Gold is cut into 44 $\frac{1}{2}$ pieces called twenty shillings pieces & Guineas & that there are o

^{[Editorial Note 8]}

sacrificing of Beasts for also slaughtering of kingdoms & friendship between beasts for peace between kingdoms.

<20r>

1 \In y^e end of Nero's reign/ When the Romans made war upon the Iews \in Iudea/ Iohn retired with many of the Christian Iews into Asia minor, & the{illeg} Romans looking upon th all Iews as enemies of y^e Empire \to prevent seditions secured the hands of them &/ banished the Captain of those Iews \Iohn/ into Patmos. ^[3] \And/ there he wrote his Apocalyps \a little before the end of Neros reign/ while the Temple was yet standing. Whence this book is fuller of Hebraisms then his Gospel w^ch was written long after, & \the stile of his/ his Gospel by the use of many Apocalyptic expressions is writ in a more lofty stile then that{illeg} of y^e other Evangelists. & the The scene of his Visions is the Temple|, & the Epistle to the Hebrews & those of Peter have many things in them relating to this Prophesy.|

^[4] The Iewish service began every morning with the sounding of Trumpets, opening of the Temple & killing of the morning sacrifice together, & dressing of y^e Lamps immediately after. The lamps were drest by the Priests in their lots & on the Fast of the seventh month {illeg}|&| seven days before by the High Priest. And in allusion to this the Iohn hears a voice great voice as of a Trumpet & turning to y^e voice sees one like the son of man in y^e High Priests habit, in the midst seven golden candlesticks with s among the seven candlesticks or branches of y^e golden candlestick dressing the lamps so that they appeared like a rod of seven stars in his right hand. And his face \countenance/ being seen through the bright flame of the Altar appeared like \as/ the Sun shineth in his strength & his eyes like flames of fire & his feet like amber as if they burned in a furnace. |The Lamps he dresses successively by declaring | < insertion from f 20v >  seven prophetic exhortations to the seven Angels of the Churches. For the seven Angels called also the seven spirits of God are represented by the seven stars & seven lamps of fire & by \& answer to/ the seven Amarcelim or chief Officers of the Temple. next under For the seven Amacelim were Priests & Officers of \like &/ equal honour & Authority, & next in dignity to the High Priest & his Deputies, & had joyntly the Keys of the seven Gates of the Temple, & of those also of the Treasuries, & the oversight, & direction \& appointment/ of all things in the Temple. And the seven Angels were also chief Priests because they came out of the Temple where none but chief Priests enter & were cloathed in pure & white linnen & had their breasts girded with golden girdles w^ch is the Priests habit, & at seven sacrifices poured out seven Vials or drink offerings & sounded seven Trumpets. And as they are Priests, so they are said to be before the Throne or Adytum of the Temple & \are/ considered in the Apocalyps as next in dignity to the Lamb great High Priest & as having the oversight of all things, being called the seven eyes of the Lamb & the seven spirits of God sent forth into all the earth, that is the seven messengers or Angels of God, & the seven spirits before the throne from whom & the great High Priest \& God himself/ Iohn wishes grace & peace to the Churches. |Angels signify messengers & are put for in general for the Officers & Ministers of y^e Temple & by consequence the seven chief Angels for the seven chief Officers.|

After this, saith Iohn, that is, after the dressing of the Lamps, I looked &c

< text from f 20r resumes >

After this, saith Iohn I looked & behold a door [the door of y^e Temple not opening but already] opened in heaven & I heard the first voice as the voice of a Trumpet talking with me & saying Come up hither. This voice being the second sounding of y^e Trumpet called the Prophet to see y^e solemnity of y^e morning sacrifice. For the trumpets sounded every day thrice first at the opening of the Gates of the Temple, then at y^e morning & lastly at the evening sacrifice. The Prophet therefore being called up \to the open door/ sees a Throne (the Throne of God in the most Ho \set in heaven/ & God sitting thereon, that is in the most Holy place \he sees the Adytum of the Temple & God sitting therein/ above y^e Ark between the Ch{illeg}|e|{illeg}rubims, & round about the throne were 24 seats (the there was a rainbow \round/ about y^e throne was a rainbow, w^ch imples y^t the Sun was then in the East or that it was the time of morning sacrifice. & \And/ about y^e throne were 24 seats & upon them 24 Elders in white ray|i|ment w^th crowns of gold upon their heads. For the Priests were |These Elders are the Priests & Levites & Levi| divided into 24 courses under 24 Priests\rinces/ who had 24 Chambers about y^e Priests can in \about/ the Temple 12 on one side the Priests court & 12 on y^e other side. |Every elder comprehends in his mystical body the Prince Priests & Levites of one course. For every single ꝑson in this Prophesy is put for a multitude. And every elder has a Vial of incence as a Priest & a Harp as a Levite for y^e Music of y^e Temple| And out of the Throne proceeded lightnings & thundrings & voices. Iohn standing at y^e eastern Gate would sees the flames of y^e Altar li & heares the Musi Temple-music like lightnings & thundrings & voices proceeding out of the Throne. And there was the golden candlestick w^th seven lamps \burning before the throne/, & the brazen sea polished like crystal glass of \of glass or/ water clear as crystal. And in the midst of the throne & circuit round about \of/ the throne that is over against the midst of it before & behind & on either hand were four Beasts full or Seraphims full of eyes These by before & behind, <21r> & \also/ within or under/derneath\ their wings \their wings were also full of eyes/ \their wings./ And These \Beast/ by their many eyes signify the people of Israel in the four sides of the outward court of the temple called the peoples Court. And the first Beast was like a Lyon, the second like a calf the third had y^e face of a man & the fourth was like a flying eagle. The people in the Wilderness encamped round the Tabernacle. On the east were thee Tribes under the standard of Iudah on y^e west were three Tribes under the standard of Eph\r/aim, on y^e south were three Tribes under y^e standard of Reuben & on y^e north were three tribes under the standard of Dan. Num. 2. And the standard of Iudah was a Lyon that of Ephraim a man \an Ox/, that of Reuben a Man, & that of Dan an Eagle as the Iews affirm. Whence whence were framed the Hieroglyphics of Cherubims & Seraphims \{illeg} to represent the People of Israel/, a Cherubim having \the a Cherubim having the one body with the/ four faces of a Lyon, Ox, man & Eagle looking to the four winds of heaven without turning about, & four seraphims having the same \four/ faces with four bodies, one face to every body. The first {S} Conceive therefore that the first Beast stands on y^e east side of y^e C{our}t Temple w^th y^e face \head/ of a Lyon, the second on the west side with the head of an Ox or \a/ Calf, the third on the south side w^th y^e head of a man & the fourth on y^e north side with y^e face of an Eagle. And that these four together signify all the twelve tribes of Israel \(those tribes/ out of w^ch the hundred & forty four thousand were sealed Apoc {illeg} 7.4) \standing in the four sides of the outward court of the T Solomons Temple w^ch was the peoples Court while that Temple stood./ And Iohn saw in the right hand of him that sat on y^e throne a book written within & on the backside sealed with seven seales. This is the Book of the Law laid up in \And they had each of them six wings, two wings to a Tribe, in all 24 wings or divisions according to the number of y^e elders./ And they rest not day & night [that is morning & evening at the sacrifices] saying Holy, holy, holy Lord God almighty. And when they give glory to him that sitteth upon the throne the four & twenty Elders fall down & worship him. At y^e morning & evening sacrifices so soon as the sacrifice was laid upon the Altar & the drink offering began to be poured out the trumpets sounded & the Levites sang by course three times & every time when \when/ the trumpets sounded the ^a[5] people fell down & worshipped. Three times therefore did the people worship to express w^ch number the Beasts cry Holy holy holy, & the song being ended the people prayed standing till the solemnity was ended, & in the mean time the Priests ^b[6] went into the Temple & there fell down before him that sat on the Throne & worshipped.

And Iohn saw in the right hand of him that sat upon the throne a book written within & on y^e back side [or on both sides of every leaf] & sealed with seven seales. This was \alludes to/ the book of the Law ^c[7] w^ch was laid up in the most holy place at y^{e d[8]} right side or south side of the Ark, & so appeared to Iohn as it were in y^e right hand of him that sat upon the throne. This book with other pro|p|hesies relating to it is considered by y^e old Prophets as a book bound \rolled/ up & sealed. So Isaiah: ^[9] Bind up the Testimony, seal the Law among my disciples. And again: the vision of all is become as a book that is sealed w^ch men deliver to one that is learned saying Read this I pray thee & he saith, I cannot for it is sealed ^[10] So Daniel whose visions concern the things prefigured in the law{s} is bid to shut up the Vision of y^e Ram & Goat, & in his last vision where the Angel comes to shew him what is noted in the scripture of truth, he is bid to shut up the Vision & words & seale the book & told that y^e words are sealed till the time of y^e end & then knowledg shall be increased. This book of the scripture of truth thus sealed up the Lamb now comes to open \takes & opens/

The affairs of y^e Greeks had three main periods of time the first was under their{illeg} own kings till the|y| \were/ conquest|red| of Macedon & Greece by the Romans, the second was under the Romans till the division of the Roman Empire & the third was under their own kings reigning at Constantinople. And these three periods are thus described by Daniel. \Daniel defines & distinguishes by saying {at the} end at every period: The end is yet at [or after] a time appointed./ First he describes y^e affairs of the Greeks under their own kings very particularly untill the by calling them untill the com by telling the {illeg} greatness of their first king \of Greece/, the breaking of his kingdom in four great kingdoms |but not to his posterity & by consequence| after the death \ceasing/ of his posterity, \&/ the reduction of these \four/ into two by the king of the norths growing greater then the king of the south, & the reign {illeg} \succession & particular/ actions of the kings of the north & south untill y^e reign of Antiochus Epiphanes conquest of Macedon by the Romans last invasion of Egypt by Antiochus Epiphanes & his indignation against the holy covenant \at his return to Syria/. And there he puts an end to the first period by saying that the hearts of \both/ the two kings shall be to do mischief [viz^t against the holy covenant,] but it shall not prosper: for yet the end is at shall be at the time appointed. For in the very same year that Antiochus \{illeg} being checkt by the Roman Embassadors & returned the last time out of Egypt &/ sent Appollonius w^th an {amy} to army against the Iews & set up the worship of the heathen Gods in the Temple & throughout all Iudea, the Romans conquered Perseus king of Macedon \& Gentius king of Illyricum/ & reduced \the kingdoms of/ Macedon & Greece \Illyricum/ into & Provinces. And therefore Daniel prosecutes the history of the kings of the north & south no farther then to that year, but passes from {the da} at that very period of t there begins t breaks of & begins to describe the rise of the dominion of the Romans over the Greeks in these words. And after him arms shall stand up. &c they that is, \// For these words import tha {sic}/ after Antiochus a new dominion shall stand up over the Greeks \kingdōs of the north & south./. For Daniel every where uses the word Arms for the military power \& strength/ of a kingdom, & as he uses ממלה a Chap. rege to signify after post regem after the king (Dan XI.    ) so here he uses ממבו ab illo fo to signify      Of the affairs of the Greeks after the rise of the post illum, after Roman Empire him, that is, after Antiochus. Daniel had mentioned the Romans \in this Prophesy {illeg}/ twice before upon less occasions & therefore we need not wonder if he mentions them now upon their conquering \{w} first/ the kingdom of Macedon & soon after the rest of the kingdoms of y^e Greeks. Chap. for under the short words: And after him         Of the affairs of the Greeks after           arms shall stand up {grea} is comprehended the standing up of y^e            the rest of the Roman Empire                Romans arms over the Greeks {illeg} in Macedon Achaia Asia Su by steps \all/ the kingdo of the nor kingdoms of the north & south & by w of w^ch Daniel had been hitherto speaking. They stood up |& by consequence over all the kingdoms of the Greeks. So soon as they stood up they were to take away the d pollute y^e sanctuary of strength, & could not do that till they stood up over Phenicia Phœnicia. They stood up| first over Macedon, then over Achaia, then over {illeg} the Asia by the legacy of Attalus, then over Syria \& Phœnicia/ by the victories of Lucullus & Pompey & lastly over Egypt by the victory|ie|s of Augustus. And y^e next thing of consequence \done by the Romans/ was to make war upon the Iews, burn their Temple disperse the people into all nations & place the heathen Gods in all the cities of Iudea, & \&/ disperse the people into all nations [& oppress & persecute the Christians till the reign of Constantine the great & his sons] All which is exprest by Daniel in these words And they shall pollute the Sanctuary of strength <23r> and take away the daily [sacrifice] & place the abomination w^ch maketh desolate. The attempt of Antiochus did not prosper. In his days the land was not made desolate: but the abomination placed by the Romans was accompanied with a desolation of the land & dispersion of the Iews into all nations as at this day, & therefore was the abomination of desolation spoken of by the Prophet Daniel. as \For so/ |as| Christ himself has also interpreted in Matt. XXIV. 15,16. compared w^th Luke XXI.20

When the Romans made war upon the Iews they looked upon all the all the Iews as their enemies & upon the Christian gentiles as friends to y^e Christian Iews & from that time began to afflict \& persecute/ the Christians, Iews & Gentiles & continued to do so from time to time untill the conversion of the Empire to Christianity in the reign of Constantine & his sons, at whereby great numbers of heathens out of temporal ends flowed into the Christian Churches making an outward profession of Christianity without mending their lives, And they as Daniel thus describes. And they that \And/ such as do wickedly against the covenant he shall corrupt by flatteries [causing them to fall away by fair promises] but the people that do know their God shall be strong & act. And they that understand among the people [the Apostles & first teachers] of of the Christian religion primitive teachers] shall instruct many: yet they shall fall by the sword & by flame by captivity & by spoile many days. And when they shall fall they shall be holpen w^th a little help [by the conversion of the Empire to Christianity:] but many [hypocrites] shall cleave to them with flatteries [or dissembling speeches.]. {sic} And of those of understanding there shall fall to try [& distinguish] them & to purge [& separate them from the multitude of of {sic} flat hypocrites flatterers] & to make them white, even to the time of y^e end because it is yet for a time appointed. Here daniel places the second period of the affairs of the Greeks. vizt \And therefore viz^t/ at that point point of time when the Christian Churches were filled full of flatterers & the sincere part of the Christians by opposing the heathen superstitions & wicked practices of the flatterers fell into new troubles And At w^ch lasted till the time of the end. At that time \therefore/ the affairs of the Greeks suffered a new great change. And this change was the separation of the Greeks from the Latines & their erecting a new Empire at Constantinople & henceforward reigning there apart. For this was the next great change w^ch happened to the Greeks, & Daniel thus in the next words \thus/ describes the rise & reign of this Empire. And a ki

And a king shall do according to his will [that is a new king or kingdom shall {illeg} stand up over the Greeks, under {a} a kingdom of \the/ flatterers under whom those of understand shall fall are to fall] & he shall exalt He shall not do according to the will of God but according to his own will] & he shall exalt himself & magnify himself above every God, & shall speak mervellous {sic} things against the God of Gods, & shall prosper till the indignation [against the holy covenant] be accomplished: for that that is determined shall be done. Neither \And he/ shall he \not/ regard the God of his fathers nor the desire of weomen [in lawfull matrimony] \{ni}/ nor regard \shall he regard/ any God, but \for he/ shall magnify himself above all. And in his seat he shall honour \together/ with God \he shall honour/ Mahuzzims [or Guardians] \in his seat/ even \together/ with the God whom his fathers knew not shall he honour [them] with gold & silver & \with/ pretious stones & & {sic} \with/ things of value. Tem|And| \he/ shall he do not \make the/ the {sic} holds [or Temples] of{illeg} y^e Mahuzzims |joyntly| with \or to/ a strange God whom he shall acknowledge & increase with glory \honour/ And he shall cause them to rule over many & divide the land \distribute the earth/ [among them] \[among them]/ for lucre [among them making a gain of his religion.] And at the time of the end [when those of understanding are fallen] the king of the south shall push at him [\that is/the Empire of y^e saracens w^ch reigned over all the dominions of the \former/ king of the south] shall make war upon shall push at him. And the king of the <23v> north [or Empire of the Turks] shall come against him with like a whirlwind w^th ships chariots & with horsmen & with many ships, & shall enter into the countries & shall overflow & pass over [of the Greek empire] & shall overflow [th{illeg} \& conquer/] & \[by conquering that Empire] \that Empire// pass over. He shall enter also into the glorious land [of Iudea] & many countries [in those parts \as Syria & Arabia/] shall be overthrown: but these shall escape out of his hand, Edom & Moab & the chief of the children of Ammon [that is the inhabitants of Arabia Petræa] shall escape out of his hands. And he not yet conquered by him.] He shall stretch forth his hand also upon the [remoter] countries & the land of Egypt shall not escape But he shall have power over the treasures of gold & silver & all the pretious things of Egypt, & the Libyans & Ethiopians shall be within his steps progress. And this is the present state of y^e countries formerly under the Greeks & now under the dominion of y^e Turk. Constantinopolitan Empire.

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Hitherto the Prophesy of y^e first seven leaves of the Book have been repeated in another & described in other forms of visions then before, \& enlarged/ & now follows the \a supplemental/ repetition of the prophesy of the eighth leaf. There Iohn saw \& measured/ the second Temple & them that worship therein & was told that the outward court was given to y^e Gentiles who should tread down the holy City 42 months; all w^ch is a plain description of \allusion to/ the Babylonian captivity, those Gentiles being compared to the Babylonians: here Iohn is carried from the Temple into the wilderness of Arabia & saw a woman sitting upon the many waters of Euphrates w^ch woman is called Babylon & the great city & the great whore, the last name being given her on account of for her whoredoms in a litteral sense. This it|s| that woman who fled from the Dragon into y^e wilderness to her place where she is nourished by the merchants of y^e earth 1260 days: & now Iohn being carried into the wilderness sees her there in her place w^ch place is to sit upon the back of a scarlet coloured Beast \that is to reign over him/. The dignity of a Queen reigning over the nations signified by this Beast, is her place: & in this place she is fed 1260 days prophetick days w^ch are so many years. Her Beast has {illeg} her was & is not & shall ascend out of the abyss [or sea] & go into perdition, Prophesy is of things & hence he is named the Beast w^ch was & is not. Prophesy is of things future & therefore this prophesy of y^e eighth leafe begins with the|i|s ascent of out of the abyss [& lasts untill he goes into perdition.] And since he ascends out of the abyss \or sea/ he is that Beast w^ch kills the two Witnesses in the sreets of the great city \Babylon/ w^ch for its uncleaneness, & idolatry \& cruelty to Gods people/ is called Sodom & Egypt. And the abyss being He ascends out of the abyss or sea w^th seven heads & ten horns & upon his heads the names of blasphemy, & in one of his heads a mortal wound. For all the world wondered after both these beasts & both of them continue to the end, the first being worshipped till the time of the \great/ harvest & vintage the other being cast \alive/ into the lake of fire] He was {not} before he was wounded to death with a sword]. He is not while he lies dead of his wound, & after his deadly wound is healed \he revives/ he ascends out of the abyss \or sea/ & goes into perdition & therefore his deadly wound was in his sixt head \in the lake of fire/ His heads are called ten ki seven kings. Five of them were fallen fell before he {illeg} was slain & ceased to be, one of them was when he lay dead of his wound, & was not & the seventh was |not| then come & therefore th{illeg}|e| mortal wound \of the Beast/ was in his sixt head. He had not One side of his head \was not/ chopt off, but a mortal \had |the|/ wound \was made /was\/ in his head; & therefore he revived before the time of his sixt head expired. He revived before he ascended out of the sea & ascended out of the sea before the Dragon gave him his throne. His ascent out of the sea begins a seventh head & his receiving the throne of the Dragon an eighth For the beast that \w^ch/ was & is not he is the eighth & of the seven that is the latter part of the seventh. Conceive the heads to be seven successive reigns distinguished beginning at the opening of the seven seales as was said of the heads of the Dragon & that the seventh head begins at the openong of the seventh seale & the eighth at the sounding of the \first/ when y^e seven Angels w^ch had the seven Trumpets prepared themselves to sound, & \or just before/ the first Angel sounded. For this period is the most remarkable division of the \time of the/ seventh head seale into \two/ successive parts. The first thing [In the prophesy of the Whore of Babylon sitting on a scarlet coloured Beast the first thing spoken of as future is the ascent of the Beast out of the abyss & the coming of his seventh head & this being at the opening of the seventh seale, this prophesy of begins at the opening of that seal. It continues till] \At length/ the ten kings represented by the horns of the Beast hate the Whore & eat her flesh & burn her w^th fire, & {illeg} further till \then \soon after// the Word of God comes with his army on h on white horses & the Beast & kings of the earth & their armies are gathered \together/ to make war against him & his army & upon so \in/the battel \between them/ the Beast & fals Prophet <24v> are taken & cast alive into y^e lake of fire & y^e rest are slain w^th y^e two edged sword & the Dragon {illeg} \& y^e Dragon is shut up in the bottomless pit./ This is the battel of the great day of God Almighty & the war to w^ch the seventh Trumpet sounds by w^ch the kingdoms of this world become the kingdoms of o^r Lord & his Christ. // After this victory an Angel unlocks & wh having the key of y^e bottomless pit binds the Dragon & {illeg} casts him into the pit & shuts him up for a thousand years that he should deceive the nations no more till the 1000 years should be fulfilled. After w^ch he is cast into y^e lake of fire where the Beast & Fals Prophet were before.

At the sounding of the fift Trumpet the bottomless pit was opened with a key to let out a false religion. Conceive this pit to be, not the open abyss or sea out of w^ch the Beast arose, but the \wide & deep/ sink of the w|T|emple w^ch \had a cover to it & of stone &/ ran down from the foot of the altar into the heart heart of the mountain & from thence out of the side of the mountain to the brook Kidron to convey away the blood & f of the sacrifices & the drink offerings & filth of the temple. This pit had a cover to it Conceive \also/ that this pit was set open at the sounding of the fift Trumpet \to let let out the locusts w^ch by their ser a smoaky kingdom of darkness/ & continued open till the sounding of the seventh. And that after \when/ the Beast & fals Prophet were cast into y^e lake of fire \Iohn saw an/ |an| Angel came down from heaven having the key of this pit & bound the Dragon \that old serpent w^ch is the Devil & Satan/ a thousand years & cast him into this pit & shut him up & set a seal upon him that he should deceive the nations no more till the 1000 years should be fulfilled: after w^ch he is loosed, deceives the nations again & \after their overthrow in the war of Gog and Magog/ is cast into y^e lake of fire where the Beast & fals Prophet were before.

At the sounding of the seventh Trumpet |tis said that the kingdoms of this world are become y^e k. of G. & h. C. & they \he/ reigns for ever & ever & that the time| the time {sic} of the dead is come that they should be judged & that God should \give/ rewards to his servants the Prophets & |to| the saints & them that fear his name small & great & \should/ destroy them that \w^ch/ destroyed the earth Here \In the repetition of that prophesy the fouls of heaven \& the beasts of the earth/ are called to the marriage supper of the Lamb &/ the Beast & Fals Prophet are destroyed in the lake of fire for destroying the earth \& the rest are slain w^th y^e two edged sword & \all/ the fouls of heaven are filled w^th their flesh at the supper of the great God/ & Iohn saw thrones & they sat upon them & judgment was given unto them & the martyrs & they that had not worshipped the \Beast nor his/ Image nor received his mark, rose again \from y^e dead/ & reigned w^th Christ \first a 1000 years till the battel of Gog & then \after that/ for ever & ever/ but the rest of the dead lived not again untill y^e 1000 years were finished. This is the first resurrection Blessed is he y^t hath part in y^e first resurrection, on such y^e 2^d death hath no power. \‡ < insertion from lower down f 24v > |And ‡ And| After y^e 1000 years are expired the rest of the dead live again & small & great & the books are opened & all the dead are judged according to their works, & whoever was not found written in the book of life was cast into y^e lake of fire. This is the second death. & the old earth & heaven flee away < text from higher up f 24v resumes > But/ // As Christ {illeg} when he appear rose from the dead appead|r|ed not to mortal conversed not with mortals unless when he thought fit sometimes to appear to his disciples for manifesting the truth of his resurrection so when y^e saints & martyrs \rise/ from y^e dead & it is to be conceived that they converse only w^th one another & appear not to mortals unless perhaps upon very extraordinary occasions. For the children of the resurrection are as the Angels in heaven. They have power of over the nations & rule them w^th a rod of iron but in a manner invisible to mortals, // And thus far proceeds the suppli repetition of the prophesy of the eighth leaf of the book. \as the Angels to now/

And thus far proceeds the repetition of th \|And| When God sits in judgment the {illeg} \earth &/ heaven & {illeg} flee away/

And \So/ [To explain \further/ how at the sounding of the seventh Trumpet the kingdoms of this world become the kingdom of or Lord & his Christ & \{how} so that/ from thence forward he reigns for ever & ever not only for a 1000 years but even for \&/ ever & ever:] the {illeg} old Earth & heaven fly away from the face of him that sits upon the throne in judgment & there appears a new heaven & new earth \& God makes all things new/ & a new Ierusalem comes down from God out of heaven \& God makes all things new & the kings of y^e earth do bring their glory & honour into this city {it} & God makes all things new/. [That is, by the victory of the beloved City over Gog & Magog the old world politi vanishes & a new one is erected wherein dwelleth righteousness & to express the excellence of the two & whose imperial city] \w^ch/ for its power & dominion & glory \& righteousness/ is compared to a city of gemms \& the nations do bring their glory into The {illeg} reign for ever &/ & they reign for ever & ever ages of ages. |[Of all w^ch you may see a large description in the {illeg} six last chapters of Isaiah, & in the 54^th chapter of the same Prophet.].|

[|And| Thus far proceeds the supplemental repetition of the prophesy of the eighth leafe of y^e book. The prophesys of y^e first seven leaves succeed one another in continual order of time, that of y^e eighth is first an interpretation of the prophesy of the seventh with \leaf. & then/ a continuation of that prophesy for a 1000 years longer & after that for ages of ages

\And they shall build houses & inhabit them & they shall plant vineyards & eat y^e fruit of them – For/ For {sic} as the new heaven & new earth w^ch I will make shall remain before me saith y^e Lord so shall yo^r seed & your name remain. Isa. 65.21 & 66.22. Thus saith the Lord w^ch giveth the Sun for a light by day & the Moon & the ordinances of the moon & of y^e stars for an light by night. If those ordinances depart from before me saith the Lord, then the seed of Israel also shall cease from being a nation before me for ever Ier 31. 35.

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When therefore upon the sounding of the seventh Trumpet its said that the kingdoms of this world are become the kingdoms of o^r Lord & of his Christ & they shall reign for ages of ages, it is to be understood that they reign|s| first for a 1000 years \till the battel of Gog &/ after that for ages of ages.