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## Chap. Of the Temple & Synagogues of the Iews

In the buildings of both courts over against the middle of the Altar eastward northward & southward were Gates 25 cubits broad between the buildings & 50 long cross the pavements. Every gate had two thresholds six cubits broad & 10 long the doors of the Gates being 10 cubits wide & 20 high. & between the thresholds was the distance of 28 cubits, which made the length of the gate 40 cubits besides the Porch which was 10 cubits more. The Porch & the space between the thresholds was 13 cubits wide & on either side of the space were three Posts or Pillars each six cubits square & twenty high with arches five cubits wide between the Posts all which made up the 28 cubits. These arches led into cloisters under a double building on either side of every Gate, supported by three rows of marble pillars butting upon the middle of the square Posts so that there were two walks in the cloysters each 11 cubits broad between the axes of the pillars. The Gates & buildings of both courts were alike & faced one another, the Porches of the Gates & the cloysters of the buildings looking towards the peoples court. The pillars on the backside of the cloysters adhered to marble walls which bounded the cloysters & supported the buildings. All the buildings of the Temple were three stories high, & were supported in the two stories above the cloysters by a row of cedar beams or pillars standing above the middle row of the marble pillars. These buildings On either side of every Gate of the peoples court conteined 5 exhedræ or large chambers on a floor running in length from the Gates towards the corners of the court, in all sixty chambers, where the people ate the sacrifices, & at the ends of these buildings in the four corners of this peoples court were little courts 40 cubits square for stair cases to the buildings for & kitchens to boile & bake the sacrifices. the kitchin being 30 cubits broad & the staircase 10. They went up from the mountain of the house to the Gates of the peoples court by seven steps & from the peoples court to the Gates of the Priests court by eight steps & on either side of the Gates of the Priests Court were single Exhedræ like the Exhedræ in the outward court but subdivided into smaller rooms for the great officers of the Temple & Princes of the Priests.

In the eastern Gate of the Mountain of the House sat a court or council of 23 Elders to do justice. In the eastern Gate of the Peoples Court sat a higher Council of 23 Elders. & there also the King ate the sacrifices. The eastern gate of the inner court & the Exhedra on either side of it were for the Sanhedrim or supreme court of 70 Elders & for the high Pri{ests} Every Gate had two doors ten cubits wide & twenty high. The Posts & thresholds of the doors were 6 cubits broad & between the

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The Temple looked eastward & stood in a square court called the separate place & before it stood the Altar in the Center of another square court called the inner Court & of the Priests & these two courts were distinguished only by a marble rail & together made an area 200 long from west to east & 100 cubits broad.

The buildings on either side of the Gates of the Priests court were 37$\frac{1}{2}$ cubits long & conteined each of them one great chamber in a story subdivided into smaller rooms for the great Officers of the Temple & Princes of the Priests & in the south east & northeast corners of the court were kitchings & staircases to the buildings for the Officers like those in the peoples court.

In the eastern Gate of the peoples court sat a court of judicature composed of 23 Elders. The eastern Gate of the Priests court with the buildings on either side was for the High Priest & his Deputy the Sage & the sanhedrim or supreme court of judicature composed of 70 Elders. The building or Exhedra

To attend in their ministries; He that opened the Gates in the morning to begin the service & shut them in the evening when the service was done & that end received the keys of the Amanholim & returned them so soon as he had done his duty; He that visited the night watches; He that by a Cymbal called the Levites to their stations for singing; He that appointed the Hymn & set the tune; & He that took care of the shew bread. There were also officers who took care of the perfume, the Veil & the Wardrobe of the Priests.

The outward court he left unbuilt & in its stead he walled in an area for the people on the eastern side of the sanctuary 100 cubits broad from west to east & 200 long. All this taking an area 200 cubits broad from north to south & 300 long had the altar in the center & kitchins in the four corners & buildings running east & west between the kitchins for the uses of the Priests & people, & gates in the buildings as I seem to gather by comparing Solomons Temple with Herods. In the buildings there were two gates over against the Altar as before & one in the wall which parted the inner court & the peoples court. And as the outward court of Solomons Temple had three Gates so had the peoples court in Zerubbabels, one in the southern side & one in the northern for the people, & one in the middle of the eastern wall of the Prince. All this was compassed with a walk 10 cubits broad which was called the intermural space & answered to the mountain of the house in Solomons Temple & therefore this walk was compassed with a wall six cubits broad & six high. This wall was called {Chjil.} When the ancients of Israel saw the foundations of this Temple laid, & how little it was in comparison to Solomons Temple they wept.

After this Temple had stood about 200 years Simeon Iustus repaired it & built from the foundations the double height the high fortress of the wall about the Temple (Eccles. 50) that is he compassed the outward court with a double building upon cloysters on the eastern side & with a wall on the other three sides & this inclosure was the court of the Gentiles. And its to be conceived that the four Gates or doors which Solomon made in the western wall of the mountain of the house were now made in the western wall of this court.

When this Temple had stood 150 years longer the enemies of the Maccabees built a castle in the northern side of the Gentiles court, which coming into the hands of Maccabees they dwelt in it & & extended it from the northwest corner of this court to the northern end of the double building.

And at length Herod – – – – to go in & out.

But the architects of Herod having no knowledge of Solomons Temple made many alterations without regard to that structure. The Porch of Herods Temple was 100 cubits long from north to south. . & extended 11 cubits into the Priests court & upon the Eastern margin of the Priests court was a single building upon a single cloyster 11 cubits broad, so that the separate place was 111 cubits from east to west & the Priests courts but 78. The buildings for the Priests were upon but one row of marble pillars the outward cloyster being filled up with chambers, & they extended to the very western wall of the separate place the kitchins being removed thence into the peoples court. & they conteined four equal gates at equal distances On either side of the courts & of the separate place & four equal Exedræ on the western sides of the Gates & two Kitchins as the case end every gate being 32 cubits in front & every Exhedra 23, & every Kitchin 39 in all 298 cubits besides the thickness of the wall at either end: & the length of the separate place & of the priests court & peoples court between the buildings & between the kitchins from south to north being 135 cubits & the buildings being 32$\frac{1}{2}$ cubits more on either side. The two Eastern gates opened into a walk 10 cubits broad through which the people went into their court & returned.

The two <2r> for the High Priest & his Deputy the Sagan. The Exhedra on the eastern side of the southern Gate was for the Priests who had the oversight of the charge of the Sanctuary & treasures thereof. And these were first two Catholikim who were high Treasurers to the high Priest & stated & examined prepared all dets & accounts to be signed & sealed by him; them seven Amarcholim who were equal to one another in dignity & authority & kept the keys of the Gates of the Temple & of the Treasuries & had the direction appointment & oversight of all things in the Sanctuary; then three Girbarim or Treasurers who kept the holy vessels & the publick money & received & disposed of such summs as were brought in for the service of the Temple All these which the High Priest made the supreme Council for managing the affairs of the Temple. The Exhedra on the eastern side of the northern Gate was for the Priests who had the oversight of the charge of the Altar: & daily {minnes}terial service of the Temple. For the sacrifices were killed on the northern side of the Altar & flayed & cut in pieces & salted in this northern gate. And these Officers were he that received money of the people for purchasing things for the sacrifices & gave out Tickets for the same; he that upon sight of the Tickets delivered the wines flower & oyles purchased; he that presided over the lots whereby every Priest attending on the Altar had his duty assigned; he that upon sight of the tickets delivered out the Doves & Pidgeons purchased he that administered physick to the Priests attending, he that was overseer of the waters; he that called upon the Priests to attend & perform their service, that visited the night watchers. he that called the Levites to their stations by a cymbal, he that set the tuner to the hymn, they that took care of the shew bread the Perfume, the Veil, & the wardrobe of the Priests ∥ The Exhedra on the western side of the southern Gate & that on the western side of the northern gate were for the Princes of the 24 courses of the Priests, one Exhedra for twelve of the Princes & the other exhedra for the other twelve. And on the pavement on either side of the separate place were other buildings without cloysters for the 24 courses of the Priests to eat the sacrifices & lay up their garments & the most holy things. Each pavement being 100 cubits long & 50 broad had buildings on either side of it 20 cubits broad with a walk 10 cubits broad between them. The building which bordered upon the separate place was 100 cubits long & that next the peoples court but 50, the other 50 cubits westward being taken up with a stair case & Kitchin. These buildings were three stories high, And the middle story was narrower in the front then the lower & the upper still narrower to make room for galleries. For they had galleries before them, & under the Galleries were closets for laying up the holy things & the garments of the Priests. If these Chambers were 12$\frac{1}{2}$ cubits long there would be in all 72 chambers, one in every story for every course of Priests

The two next gates opened over against the middle of the Altar & were for the Priests. The two next opened over against the Porch & the two last over against the most holy place. Between the western & the Temple was 10 cubits, the length of the Temple 100 cubits, the breadth of the Priests court 78 cubits the breadth of eastern Portico 110 cubits, the breadth of the walk above mentioned 10 cubits, the breadth of the wall of the peoples court a cubit, the breadth of the court 88 cubits. In all 298 cubits besides the thickness of the wall at either end. The men were admitted into the eastern margin of the Priests court & therefore that margin was called the court of Israel. Both men and weomen were admitted into the peoples court & that court was called the court of the weomen.

The wall Chajil was built six cubits broad & above six cubits high, & was compassed with a walk 10 cubits broad from whence they went down by steps to another walk called Soreg which was only two cubits high & compassed the whole being about 300 cubits long from north to south & 400 long from west to east. And all the area within this wall was now consecrated by the concession of Herod For Herod doubled the area of the Temple. To this wall heathens might enter & no further upon pain of death.

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– had the altar in the center & conteined three equal courts, the separate place the Priests court & the peoples court each 100 cubits broad from west to east & about 135 long between the buildings or 200 including the buildings. The form of these buildings is not recorded, excepting that the Temple was 60 cubits high & 60 broad (including the W. chamber & that the buildings of the Priests courtes were with three rows of marble pillars & a row of Cedar beams as in Solomons Temple, & by consequence (in conformity to that Temple) the courts had Gates in the middle of their sides {illeg} Southward & northward, & the buildings of the separate place were without cloysters & had kitchins at the western ends, & a walk 10 cubits broad before them distinguished by a walk from the separate the separate place . & the peoples court had kitchins in the four corners & only a wall on the western side, the kitchins in the western corners adjoyning to the buildings of the Priests () & being for the great Officers of the Temple & those in the eastern corners for the people.

That is, the wall Chajil. The whole building of Zerubbabel with a walk 10 cubits broad & the walk with this wall & the wall was six cubits broad & therefore answered to the wall about the mountain of the house in Solomons Temple & the walk answered to the mountain of the house. This wall was ten cubits high at the Eastern side , but on the other three sides it was much higher & therefore is called the double height. They made it but ten cubits high on the eastern side that they might see the burning of the red cow & H{e} goat.

& being High Priests & Governours & at length kings of the Iews they built it like a royal palace together with the eastern side of the outward Court called Solomons Porch. This Porch or Po. was a double building upon three rows of pillars as in Solomons Temple & had a gate in the middle looking directly into the Temple & the castle was built in the north west corner of the outward court & extended southward to the north end of the said Porch when they joyned.

– Herod also made the area of the sanctuary double to what it was before compassing the whole with a stone rail called Soreg two cubits high & about 50 distant on all sides from the buildings of the sanctuary, so as to comprehend an area 300 cubits broad from south to north & 400 long. All this area was made holy so that no heathen might enter into it upon pain of death. And the grownd without the wall Soreg was now the Gentiles court & the mountain of the house.

To keep the Gentiles at a greater distance an area about 50 cubits broad was wall

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## Chap. Of the Temple and Synagogues of the Iews.

The beleiving Iews observed the Law [not as necessary to salvation but] because it was good & they had covenanted with God to observe it: but the beleiving Gentiles were not obliged to enter into that covenant but only to keep the precepts of the Sons of Noah. [ If they entered into that covenant as necessary to salvation they made void the faith in Christ. The children of beleiving Iews were in the same case with Timothy. It was in their choise whither they would enter into that covenant or not. The [] the beleiving Gentiles were discipuled to God & Christ & the beleiving Iews the Holy Ghost to Christ & their Baptism was according in the name of all three or in the name of Christ alone. The Iews had two sorts of Baptism, the one of cleansing the other of Proselytes. The baptism of Proselytes was administred only to proselytes that of cleansing to proselytes & their posterity. The Baptism of beleiving Christians is the baptism of proselytes.

The beleiving Iews observed the law not as necessary to salvation but because the law was good & they had entered into a covenant to observe it. Their children might enter into the same covenant as Timothy did, but perhaps were not obliged to enter into it the beleiving Gentiles were not to enter into it but only to keep the precepts of the sons of Noah. And if they entred into it as necessary to salvation they made void their faith in Christ. Two of those precepts were to abstein from blood & from things strangled: for blood inclines to cruelty and strangling is a painfull death The Iews admitted their Proselytes by circumcision & baptism, the Christians only by baptism. The children of proselytes were born within the Church under the law were circumcised like the children of the Iews but not baptised with the baptism of proselytes, nor were they cleansed from original sin by many baptisms. For Original sin is like the sin of the second commandment God visits it upon the children unto many generations in this life tho the children have not actually sinned but in the next life will punish only the actual sinners. And therefore to wash away the sin by baptism is to free men from the ill consequences of it in this world one of which is death. Yet might the baptism of children by the signe of a covenant among Christians as circumcision was among the Iews. The Iews were proselyted only to Christ the Gentiles to God & Christ & the Holy Spirit & therefore the Iews were baptised only in the name of Christ, the Gentiles in the name of all three, & the first Christians had one & the same God & one & the same Holy spirit with the ancient Church of the Iews, & the Christian religion before the calling of the Gentiles added nothing more to the Iewish then the beleife that Iesus was the Messiah or Christ predicted by Daniel & to worship him as the Messiah or Lord & King Mediator between God & Man. God was to be worshipped as God Almighty & the Lord Iesus as the Christ or Lord. For to us there is but one God the Father of whom are all things & we of him & one Lord Iesus by whom are all thing & we are by him.

[Editorial Note 1]

The converted Iews were all zealous of the law & were obliged to keep it, not as necessary to salvation but by reason of the covenant which they had made with God by circumcission. But the Gentiles were not obliged to enter into this covenant. And when some Iews contended that unless they were circumcised they could not be saved, the Apostles & Elders of the Church at Ierusalem came together to consider this matter & concluded that they should not trouble those who were converted from among the Gentiles with any thing further then to abstein from pollutions of idols & from fornication & from things strangled & from blood. For the eating of blood inclines to cruelty & strangling is a painfull death. All this respected only the converted Gentiles. For Paul himself who chiefly opposed the circumcision of the Gentiles observed the law & circumcised Timothy because his mother was a Iewess, but could not be induced to circumcise Titus a Greek, & argues in his Epistles not against keeping the covenant of circumcision but against entering into it as necessary to salvation. For he represents that the law is good & Proselytes who are circumcised are bound to observe it, but if they be circumcised upon a beleif that they cannot otherwise be saved Christ profits them nothing. And And the last time that Paul was at Ierusalem (which was about 10 years before the destruction of that city the Elders told him that all the converted Iews (which were many in thousands) were zealous of the law & were informed that he taught the Iews which were among the Gentiles to forsake the law, & therefore advised him to purify himself with some other beleiving Iews who had a row, that all might know the falsness of the information & that he himself kept the law But as touching the Gentiles which beleive we have written, say the Elders, & concluded that they observe no such thing save only that they keep themselves from things offered to Idols & from blood & from things strangled & from fornication. The Iews were therefore bound to observe the law notwithstanding their conversion but their children being circumcised before they were at years of discretion might be at liberty

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At the eastern gate of the outward court called the kings gate were six porters at the south gate called Huldah were four & at the north gate called Tedi were four. The King alone went in & out at the east gate & ate the sacrifices in . The people went in & out at the South & north gates. There were also four gates or doors in the western wall of the mountain of the house. Of these the most northern called Shallecheth or the gate of the Causey led to the kings palace, the valley between being filled up with a causey, The next Gate called Parbar led to the suburbs Millo, the third & fourth gates called Cesuppim led the one to Millo the to the city Ierusalem, there being steps down into the valley & up again to the city. At the gate Shallecheth were four porters & at the other six gates were six porters two at each gate. which butted upon the middles of the square posts & ran along from thence upon the pavements toward the corners of the courts, the axes of the pillars in the middle row being 11 cubits distant from the axes of the pillars in the other two rows on either hand, & the buildings joyning to the sides of the Gates.

– The chambers were 5 broad in the lower story, six broad in the middle story & seven broad in the upper story. For the walls were built with retractions of a cubit to rest the timber upon. Ezekiel represents the chambers a cubit narrower & the walls of the Temple a cubit thicker then they were in Solomons temple. There were 30 chambers in a story, in all 90 chambers, & they were 5 cubits high in every story.

1 When this Temple had stood about 200 years Simeon the just repaired it & built from the foundations the double height the high fortress of the wall about the Temple (Eccles. 50) that is the double building of the peoples court henceforward called the Gentiles court. wall song & within this double building was called the Gentiles court, & the mountain of the house & therefore] the four doors which Solomon made in the western wall of the mountain of the house were now made in the western wall of of this court. For this court was now become the mountain of the house. And after 300 years more the Temple & Priests court & southern side of the outward court were rebuilt more sumptuously by Herod with several alterations 4 For the Porch of his Temple was 100 cubits long from south to north & 100 cubits high, & the buildings of the Priests were only upon two rows of Marble pillars, the outward cloyster being filled up with chambers, & there were four equal Gates at equal distances on the south side & north side four on the of the Priests court & separate place, each 32 cubits broad & 32$\frac{1}{2}$ long & as many Exhedræ on the western side of the Gates. Two Gates opened into the walk which ran between the sanctuary & the weomens court, two opened over against the Altar, two over against the Porch & two over against the most holy place, the exhedræ between the gates being 23 cubits long. ‡ < insertion from the bottom of the page > ‡ Between the western cheeks of the two first Gates ran a single building upon a single cloyster 11 cubits broad & in the middle of this building was a Gate leading out of the court of Israel into the walk above mentioned which ran between the sanctuary & the weomens court And from the that walk they went down into the weomens court by steps. < text from f 4v resumes > The length of the Priests court between the cloysters & of the weomens court between the kitchings from south to north was 135 cubits, & the wall Chajil was 6 cubits thick, & the south side of the outward court stood upon 4 rows of marble pillars. But this Temple being irregular Upon the eastern margin of the court of Israel

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From the Priests court they went up by steps to the Porch of the House & the house was 20 cubits broad & 60 long within or 30 broad & 70 long including the walls where they were 5 cubits thick or 70 broad & 90 long including all the storechambers which compassed the House on three sides & were in two rows three stones high with a walk 5 cubits broad between them, or 100 cubits long including also the Porch. & this length filled the separate place from east to west. In Solomons Temple there were ten candlesticks each with seven branches: in this of the Apocalyps we are to conceive but one Candlestick with seven branches & seven lamps in the branches after the manner of the Tabernacle.

The Synagogues of the Iews resembled their Temple. Every Synagogue had a a court of Elders, a Minister, & Deacons. The Elders called also the Rulers of the Synagogue might not be fewer then three nor more then 23. They judged the people of the Synagogue or parish in matters both civil & religious, deciding questions of debt or of making satisfaction for trespasses or injuries or who were to be admitted as Proselytes or to be excommunited with or absolved from excommunication & the like.

The Synagogues of the Iews resembled their Temple & might be instituted in any city where there were ten men of leasure & learning in the law whereof three bore the magistracy & were called Elders & Rulers of the Synagogue . This Council was to those of the the Synagogue what the great Sanhedrim was to those of the whole nation of the Iews. They judged of controversies, of crimes, of the admission of Proselytes, of excommunications of laying on of hands & the like. A fourth person was the publick minister of the Synagogue. He supplied the place of the Amarcholim & his Office was to read the publick prayers & to take care of reading the Law & sometimes he preached when there were not other fit persons at hand to do it. He did not read the law himself but called any seven fit persons out of the congregation to do it every one reading a part & he inspecting the Reader & correcting him if he read any thing falsly or improperly: whence he was called חזן Chazan that is Επίσκοπος the Overseer or Bishop of the congregation. They called him also the Angel of the Church & the Lamp or Candle of the Lord. he was chosen by the unanimous suffrage of the whole congregation & if any one dissented the choise was not allowed. For he was to offer up the prayers of the whole congregation which he could not do if any one was against him. There were also in every Synagogue three or more Deacons to take care of the poor. And from this constitution of Synagogues the Bishop Presbyters & Deacons in the Christian Churches had their rise, the Christian Iews who first preached the Gospel forming their disciples into synagogues. For the Gospel was first preached in synagogues & the first Christian Presbyters were Rulers & Iudges in cities Titus was to ordein Elders in every city the Apostle Paul saith, Let the Elders that rule well &c And again: Dare any of you having a matter against another go to law before the unjust & not before the Saints? And the Bishops were to take care of the Church of God & be able by sound doctrine both to exhort & to convince gainsayers.

[Editorial Note 2]

that is he double building upon cloisters on the Eastern side of the outward court & a wall on the other three sides. And the four gates which Solomon made in the western wall of the mountain of the house were now made in the western wall of this court. For this court was now reputed the mountain of the house & the Gentiles court: And 150 years after a Castle was built in the north side of the outward court & being afterwards inhabited by the Macchabees they extended it from the north west corner of the outward court, to the north end of the double building.

And at length Herod rebuilt the Temple with its courts more sumptuously & built from the foundations, the south side of the outward court upon four rows of marble pillars in a very magnificent manner. And now the outward Court was compassed on the eastern side by the double Portico of Simeon, on the south side by the triple portico of Herod on the north side by the castle which herod repaired & called Antonia, & on the west by a wall with for gates or doors in it for the people to go in & out . <5v>

The outward court he left unbuilt in its stead admitted the men of Israel into the eastern border of the sanctuary which was thence called the court of Israel & was 22 cubits broad from west to east, & on the eastern side of the sanctuary he walled in an area 100 cubits broad from west to east & 200 long for both men & weomen, which was therefor called the weomens court & in the two ends of this court were kitchins . The buildings The whole being 200 cubits broad from north to south & 300 long was compassed with a walk boyling & baking 10 cubits broad called spatium intermurale & the walk with a walk called Cajil & the wall with another walk or Parade 10 cubits broad from whence they descended by steps to a little wall called soreg which was 3 cubits high & compassed the whole. And all the grownd without this little wall was left open to the gentiles as prophane & called the mountain of the house. When the ancients of Israel saw the foundations of this Temple laid & how little the Weomens court was in comparison of the outward court of the former temple, they wept. Ezra. III. 12 Haggai. 2. 3.

When this Temple had stood about 200 years, Simeon Iustus the High Priest repaired it & built from the foundations the double height the high fortress of the wall about the Temple (Eccles. 50) that is the double building which compassed the outward court And all this court without the bounds of the wall Soreg being could still reputed prophane & called the mountain of the the house & the court of the Gentiles, the four gates which Solomon made in the western wall of the mountain of the house, were now made in the western wall of the Gentiles court. Iosephus

After this Temple had stood almost 300 years longer Herod rebuilt the sanctuary & the south side of the court of the Gentiles more sumptuously with some alterations. For the Porch of the Temple was 100 cubits long from south to north & 100 cubits high. And the buildings of the Priests were only upon one row two rows of marble pillars the outward cloyster being filled up with Chambers & the porches of the Gates were omitted . And the south side of the Gentiles court was built uppon 4 rows of marble pillars. In Herods Temple the building on either side of the separate place & of the courts of the Priests & people & weomen were 32$\frac{1}{2}$ cubits broad & 300 long, , & consisted of four equal Gates at equal distances on the western sides of the Gates & kitchins & 4 equal Exhedræ, [ between the two rows of building were 135 cubits, from north to south. The Gates were each of them 32 cubits in front & the Exhedræ 23 & the Kitchins 78, all which with walls of a cubit at either end took up the whole length of 300 cubits. Three of the Exhedræ were between the Gates & the fourth at the west end of the buildings. opened into a walk which. The doors of the Gates were 10 cubits wide & 20 high. The two eastern Gates opened into a walk 10 cubits broad between the sanctuary & the weomens court & were for the people to go into the court of Israel & the weomens court. returned back. From this walk they went down into the weomens court by semicircular steps. The two next opened over against the middle of the Altar & were for the Priests. the two next opened over against the Porch of the Temple & the two last over the the most holy place & seem to have been contrived by Herod, being superfluous & only for ornament. Between the western checks of the eastern Gates ran a single building 11 cubits broad upon a single cloyster which bounded the sanctuary & the court of Israel on the east: & in the middle of this building was a Gate 20 cubits broad & 40 high through which the people went into the court of Israel & returned back. And in the eastern wall of the womens court was another Gate of Corinthian brass which was opened only for the Prince. The separate place behind the Temple including the thickness of the western wall was 11 cubits brad. The length of the Temple 100 cubits The breadth of the Priests court 67. The breadth of the court of Israel 22 The breadth of the walk or intermural space 10 . The breadth of the womens court including the walls 90. In all 300 cubits Here the separate place was 111 cubits from west to east, & the Priests court only 67: but in Solomons Temple they were each of them 100. [ Zerubbabel omitting a row of treasure chambers [ north & west: sides {&} so left an empty space between the Temple & the western wall of the separate space & Herod making the porch of the Temple every way bigger then before advanced it into the Priests Court, & made the advancement conformable to the other buildings. The court of the Priests & the court of Israel were distinguished only by a rail a cubit high & a cubit broad, & the rail compassed the altar on three sides the space within it being 98 cubits from north to south besides the thickness of the rail. <6r>

Iphanan the son of Eliasib #

Iadua dying was succeeded by his son Onias & he by his son [5] Simon or Simeon who for piety to God & benefactions to his nation was surnamed the Iust. He dying & leaving a young son called Onias was succeeded by his younger brother Eleazer who appointed the old Testament to be translated into Greek for the library of Ptolomæus Philodelphus. And therefore Simeon the Iust was High Priest in the days of Alexander the great & Seleucus Nicanor For the Iewish doctorsa[6] tell us that when Alexander came in anger to Ierusalem, Simeon the Iust met him in his High Priest habit accompanied with the Priests in white garments & was gratiously received by Alexander & led him to the Temple & when Alexander desired that his statue might be set up between the Temple & the Altar instead thereof granted that all the Iews born that year should be called Alexander Iosephus tells the same story of Iaddua taking Darius Nothus for Darius Codomannus & Iaddua for Simeon & Iosephus says that they shewed Alexander the prophesy of Daniel concerning the king of Greece, & that Alexander granted them that they should live after their own laws & be free from taxes every seventh year & that the Iews also who were in Babylonia & Media might live after their own laws; & that Seleucus Nicanor (who succeeded Alexander in Syria) granted to the Iews the right of Citizens in the cities which he built & particularly in Antioch the metropolis, & [7] that they might live there with the same right as the Macedonians & Greeks. And by the favour of these two kings it came to pass that Simeon Iustus repaired the Temple & the Priests court, & compassed the court of the people now called the court of the Gentiles with a double high building, & repaired the wall of the city; & for these benefactions was exceedingly honoured by the Iews. For these things are attributed to him by the author of Ecclesiasticus who wrote about 76 years after the death of Alexander. Simon the son of Onias the great High Priest in his days repaired the House & in his days fortified the Temple (or Priests court built by Zerubbabel) And by him was built from the foundation the height of the double building & the High Structure of the circuit of the Temple In his days the cistern to receive waters being in compass as the sea was covered with plates of brass. He by his care preserved the people from ruin & fortified the city against a siege. How was he honoured in the midst of the people &c Ecclesiast. c. 50.

<6v>

<7r>

⟐ In the buildings upon the pavement about the outward court &c

<8r>

< insertion from f 6v >

⟐ In the buildings Upon the pavement about the outward court, there were Gates one in the middle of every side of the buildings, each of them 25 cubits broad & 40 long with a porch of ten cubits before them which made the whole length 50 cubits cross the pavement. At either end of the Gates were doors 10 cubits wide & 20 high with Posts & Thresholds six cubits broad. The Gates within were 28 cubits long between the thresholds & 13 cubits wide. And on either side of the 28 cubits were three square Posts or Pillars each of them six cubits long six broad & 20 high, with spaces between them 5 cubits broad leading into the double cloyster of the buildings on either hand. For the buildings upon the pavement on either side of the gates stood upon three rows of Pillars which butted upon the middles of these square posts, so that the breadth of each cloyster between the axes of the Pillars was 11 cubits & The whole breadth of both the cloysters within was about 23$\frac{1}{2}$ cubits allowing 1$\frac{1}{2}$ cubit for half the breadth of the bases of the Pillars next the great Court. For the pillars were about 8 cubits in compass & if the wall of the cloyster on the outside be supposed about 5 cubits thick & to joyne the outward row of pillars so that the pillars stood half way out of the wall, the whole breadth of the buildings on either side the Gates will be about 28$\frac{1}{2}$ cubits, there being upon the pavement a voyd space 4 cubits broad behind the wall without & another voyd space or walk 17$\frac{1}{2}$ cubits broad before the cloyster all which being 50 cubits took up the whole breadth of the pavement. The buildings were three stories high above the pillars. And upon the middle row of pillars was a row of Cedar beams turning up to make a partition wall between the chambers which looked towards the great court & those which looked the contrary way. For the buildings were double having two rows of chambers in every story. These buildings butted upon square courts which were made in the four corners of the great court & answered to the Gates being 40 cubits long & 40 broad. In them were places for baking & boyling the sacrifices for the people 40 cubits long & 30 broad besides 10 cubits more for staircases. The buildings were 60 cubits high & consisted of 30 Exhedræ or sets of chambers, five on either side each gate every Exhedra being 39$\frac{1}{2}$ cubits long & standing upon 4 Pillars & two half Pillars in a row so that the spaces between the axes of the Pillars were 7$\frac{9}{10}$ cubits The Gates were higher then the other buildings & had porches before them of the same wideness with the Gates that is 25 cubits wide without & 13 within. And from the Gate to the Post of the Porch was eight cubits & the Post was two cubits more so that the Gate & the Porch together were 50 cubits long & tooke up the whole breadth of the pavement, the Porch standing towards the great Court. The square Pillars of the Gates were hollow & had little rooms in them for the Porters with a step before them a cubit broad. & the walls of the Porches were also hollow & had rooms in them for several uses. At the eastern Gate called the Kings Gate were six porters, at the north Gate called Tedi or Taddi were four, at the south Gate called Huldah were four & in the western wall of the great court were four doors with two Porters at each door. Of these four doors the most northern, called Shallecheth or the Gate of the Causey, led to the Kings palace, the valley between being filled up with a Causey; the next door or Gate called Parbau led to the suburbs Millo; & the two next called Asuppin led the one to the suburbs Millo & the other to the city Ierusalem, there being steps down into the valley & up again to the city.

The buildings about the inner Court consisted of a Gate in the middle of every side & are Exhedra on either side each Gate, in all, three Gates & six Exhedræ of the same form & bigness with the Gates & Exhedræ of the outward cou{rt} The porches of the Gates & Cloysters of the Exhedræ were turned outward towards the great court & lines drawn from the center of the Altar towards the

< text from f 8r resumes >

Upon the Pavement on either side the separate place there were two long buildings three stories high looking towards one another with a walk 5 cubits broad & 100 long between them. They were without cloysters & had Galleries or walks before them in the second & third story to go from chamber to chamber & under the Galleries little closets to lay up the Priests garments. Under the upper Gallery were closets in two stories for the lower & middle rooms & under the lower Gallery were for the upper rooms. In the building Next the separate place were eight rooms in a row & in the building next the great Court there were four rooms in a row & a long court or Kitching which took up half the length of the row westward & was for boyling & baking the sacrifices for the Priests These chambers were for The 24 courses of the Priests to eat the sacrifices & lay up their Garments, there being three chambers to every course, one in every story, in all 72 chambers. And the Exhedræ next them eastward extending to the western sides of the north & south Gates of the Priests court were for the 24 Princes of the Priests, 12 in one Exhedra & twelve in the other there being apartments for four Princes in every story of either Exhedra. The Exhedra on the other side of the Northern Gate was for him who had the charge of the Altar & the fire & sacrifices & for the officers under him. The sacrifices were slain in the Priests court on the north side of the Altar, being tyed down to rings in the pavement while they slew them, & Thence they were carried to the Porch of the North Gate where they were flayed cut in pieces washed & made fit for boyling & baking & for this end there were four tables of stone within that porch & four before it, two on each side, & hooks within the Porch above. The Exhedra on the eastern side of the south Gate was for him who had the charge & custody of the Temple & the treasuries thereof, & for the Officers under him. The East Gate of the Priests Court with the Exhedræ on either side was for the High Priest & his Officers & for the Courts which sat in the Temple. And the east Gate of the Great Court was for the Prince or King.

< insertion from f 7v >

The house was compassed on the south & north sides & west end with a double building of treasure chambers standing upon an area 20 cubits broad: which added to the length & breadth of the house made the whole breadth 70 cubits & the whole length 100 cubits but the treasure chambers took up only 90 cubits of that length

< text from f 8r resumes >

The house of the Temple < insertion from f 7v > The House of the Temple was compassed on the south & north sides & west end with a double building of treasure chambers standing upon an area 20 cubits broad, which added to the breadth & length of the House made the whole breadth 70 cubits & the whole length 90 cubits without the Porch & an 100 cubits if the Porch be included:

These Treasure chambers stood between the wall of the Temple on the inside & another wall on the outside & were three stories high with a Gallery or walk between them into which walk they opened, door against door, being separate from the walk & from one another by walls of Cedar. There were 30 Chambers in every story, 13 < text from f 8r resumes > <8v> The lower chambers were five cubits broad, & the Gallery between them made the whole breadth between the walls 15 cubits & the thickness of the walls was five cubits which made the whole breadth 25 cubits including the walls. The middle chambers were six cubits broad & the upper seaven. For in the walls of the House round about without were made flatt retractions or rests a cubit broad beams of the chambers to lye upon, that they might not be fastened into the walls of the House. The chambers in every story were five cubits high within so that they whole height of the three stories including the thickness of the floors & roof was about 20 cubits.

<9r>

south the east & the north went through the middle of the Gates of both Courts & between the porches of the Gates was the peoples court, being in breadth from porch to porch an 100 cubits. And the squares in the south east & north east corners of the inner court, like those in the corners of the outward Court, were if I mistake not, for boyling & baking the sacrifices for the Officers of the Temple & for staircases to the Exhedræ.

Upon the pavement on either side of the separate place &c

<9v> [Editorial Note 3]

# Iohanan the grandson of {Eliasib} [was grown up &] had a chamber in the Temple in the [8] seventh year of Artaxerxes Longimanus & Eliasib continued long in the high Priesthood For in the 32th year of that king Nehemiah went [9] to the king of Persia & in his absence Eliasib prepared a chamber in the Temple for Tobiah the Ammonite & removed the holy Vessels & Offerings out of it & the portions of the Priests were not given them & the sabbath was prophaned & divers of the people married strange wives, but after certain days Nehemiah obteined leave of the king & returned to Ierusalem & reformed the abuses & chased from him one of the sons of Iojada the son of [10] Eliasib who had married the daughter of Sanballet the Horonite. Iosephus tells us[11] that this son was Manasses the brother of Iaddua & married Nicaso the daughter of Sanballat, & being thereupon driven from the Temple told Sanballat that he loved his daughter Nicaso very well but was unwilling upon her account to lose the honour of the Priesthood: & Sanballat , replied that if he would keep his daughter he would make him not only a Priest but a High–Priest & thereupon built a Temple in mount Gerazim & made Manasses the first High Priest thereof For Sanballet was Satrapa of Samaria in the reigns of Artaxerxes & Darius Nothus (Nehem. 4. Ioseph. Antiq. l. 11. c. 7. Manasses therefore & his elder brother Iaddua were at age before the deaths of Nehemiah & Artanarxes Longimanus; & Manasses became High Priest of the Temple in Mount Gerazim in the reign of Darius Nothus & Iaddua was old enough to become high Priest in Ierusalem before the end of the reign of this Darius, & too old to be High Priest when the next Darius was conquered by Alexander the great which was above 70 years after.

Iaddua dying was succeeded by his son Onias & he by his son Simon or [12] Simeon who for his peity & benefactions to his nation was surnamed the Iust. Simeon dying & leaving a young son called Onias

<10r>

<12r>

The Temple formed according to the proportions of the Tabernacle being the scene of these visions, of it that you may understand the Visions the better I will first describe the Temple.

The court of the Temple called the separate place & the court of the Altar were two equal squares

The synagogues of the Iews were so framed as to bear a resemblance to the Temple Every synagogue had a Minister & a court of Elders called Rulers of the Synagogue & Deacons to take care of the Poor. The Minister read the service & offered up the prayers of the congregation & when any of the Congregation were called up to read a portion of the scriptures the Minister stood by & corrected when ever he read amiss. Whence

<12v>

The square Posts on either side of every Gate were hollow & had little rooms in them – – – – & up again to the city.

<13r>

And he carried me to the South & behold a Gate looking to the south And he measured its little chambers & its posts & its porch according to the same measures. And there were windows in it & in its Porch round about like those windows [mentioned above.] Its length was fifty cubits & its breadth five & twenty cubits. And there were seven steps to go up to it, & its Porch was before them. And it had Palm trees one on this side & another on that side upon the Posts thereof. And [over against this gate] there was a Gate of the inward court looking towards the South. And he measured from Gate to Gate on the south an hundred cubits.

<13v>

This description of the Temple being taken principally from Ezekiels vision thereof, & the ancient Hebrew copy followed by the seventy differing in some readings from the Copy followed by the editors of the present Hebrew: I will here subjoyn that part of the vision which related to the outward Court, as I have taken it from the present Hebrew & the Version of the seventy compared together.

<14r>

The Temple of Solomon being burnt, Zerubbabel rebuilt it in a form something different. He made the house but 60 cubits broad & 60 high building it in two stories with but one row of treasure chambers about it, & therefore the length without the Porch was about 85 cubits. The separate place & the Court of the Alter with the buildings about them took up a square area of 200 cubits in every side which was the sanctuary. The great court was not rebuilt but instead thereof a court called the Court of the weomen was walled in for the people on the eastern side of this square which made the whole area a rectangular parallelogram 200 cubits broad & 300 long in the center of which stood the Altar, & all this was compassed on every side with a walk called spatium intermurale 10 cubits broad & a high wall called Chajil 6 cubits thick: so that the whole was 232 cubits broad & 332 long The spatium intermurale ran also between the Sanctuary & the weomens court with a wall a cubit thick towards that Court so as to compass the sanctuary on all sides & leave the weomens Court but 90 cubits broad including that wall. The wall Chajil was 10 Cubits high at the east end & higher in other places. It was compassed with a walk or Parade 10 cubits broad & from the walk was descent by 14 steps to another wall called Soreg which was two cubits high & compassed the whole. The huge buildings on the north & south sides of the sanctuary were about 32$\frac{1}{2}$ cubits broad with the distance of 135 cubits between them the whole breadth being 200 cubits. Each of them consisted of four equal Gates at Equal distances & four equal Exhedræ, one between every two Gates & one at the west end of the buildings & two Courts at their other end on either side of the weomens court for boyling & baking the sacrifices. The doors of the Gates were 10 cubits wide ' 20 high & their cheeks or walls on either side the door were 11 cubits broad, so that every Gate was 32 cubits broad & every Exhedra took up the space of 23 cubits, standing upon two whole pillars & two half pillars in a row with three intercolmnia between them. The eastern Gates opened directly into the spatium intermurale which ran between the sanctuary & the court of the weomen the western cheek being within the sanctuary & the door & eastern cheek without it. The next Gate westward faced the Altar directly & was of the same breadth, the Altar being 32 cubits long & 32 broad. The two next Gates westward opened against the separate place & the whole building extended to the western bounds of the sanctuary leaving only a cubit for the thickness of the western wall. I suspect that Herod added some of these Gates. The Exhedræ in Herods Temple were built partly upon a single cloyster looking towards the Priests Court & partly upon a Treasure-chamber looking towards the spatium intermurale but Zerubabel build them with three rows of pillars & a row of Cedar beams & by consequence with a double cloyster as in Solomons Temple. On the eastern side of the sanctuary between the western cheeks of the eastern Gates ran a cloystered building 11 cubits broad with a gate in the middle of it much bigger then the other Gates. For the door of it was 20 cubits wide & 40 high. And in the eastern wall of the Court of the weomen was another Gate of Corinthian brass which was never opened but for the Prince. The weomens court between the walls of the little Courts which were for boyling & baking the sacrifices was 135 cubits long, & from east to west it was about 87 or 88 cubits broad within the walls or 90 including the walls. In the mid way between the eastern Portico & the Altar was a stone rail or wall a cubit high which went about the Altar & Temple being distant from the center of the Altar eastward 27 cubits, northward 50 cubits & southward as much, ' the men of Israel had accesse into the eastern border of the Priests court as far as this rail. ‡ < insertion from f 14v > ‡ The breadth of the sanctuary consisted of these parts The length of the Gate 32$\frac{1}{2}$ Cubits. Between the Gate & the stone rail The stone rails 1 cubit 17 $\frac{1}{2}$ cubits. Thence to the foot of the ascent which goes up to the Altar 3 cubits. The length of the ascent 30 cubits. Thence to the center of the Altar 16 cubits. Total 100 cubits. Thence to the other side of the Altar 16 cubits. Thence to the iron rings in the pavement 8 cubits. The space of the rings 24 cubits. Thence to the stone rail 1 cubits. The rail 1 cubit. Thence to the stone Tables 2 cubits. The Tally 1$\frac{1}{2}$ cubit. Thence to the Pillars 4 cubits. The bases of the Pillars 2 cubits. Thence to the wall of the Gate 8 cubits. The length of the Gate 32$\frac{1}{2}$ cubits Total 100 cubits. Total of both summs 200 cubits. The length of the sanctuary I reccon thus. Behind the House 11 cubits including the western wall of the separate place. The length of the Temple including the Treasure chambers & Porch 100 cubits. From the front of the Porch to the Altar 23 cubits the breadth of the Altar 32 cubits, thence to the stone rail or border 11 cubits. the thickness of the rail 1 cubit. Thence to the front of the eastern Porch 11 cubits, the breadth of the eastern Porch including the wall 11 cubits. Total 200 cubits. Thus the court of the Altar in this Sanctuary had the Altar in the centre & was 135 cubits long from south to north between the buildings & had at each end two Exhedras & a Gate between them. And the breadth from west to east between the Porch of the Temple & the eastern Portico of this Court was 78 cubits. For I found this court with the front of the Porch because the Porch in Herods Temple was 100 cubits broad & an hundred high. The Court of the weomen which was a long square 135 cubits in length & about 88 in breadth within the walls, had seats like galleries round about within on the south, east & north sides for the people to sit dry, the weomen above & the men below. This court including the walls was 90 cubits broad. And this breadth with the breadth of the spatium intermurale which ran between this court & the sanctuary, being added to the length of the sanctuary made the whole three hundred cubits long. From the eastern gate of the wall Soreg &c < text from f 14r resumes > From the eastern gate of the wall Soreg there was an ascent by ten steps to the wall Chajil & eastern Gate of the weomens court & from that court there was an ascent by 15 semicircular steps to the spaticum intermurale & eastern Gate of the Priests court & from the Priests court there was an ascent by 14 steps to the Porch of the Temple. On the north & south sides there was an ascent <15r> by 14 steps from the wall Soreg to the wall Chajil & from thence by 5 steps to the Gates of the Sanctuary. Gentiles had access to the wall soreg, & no farther The men & weomen of Israel into the weomens Court, the King or Prince through the eastern Gate of the Court, the rest of the people through the north & south gates of that Court into the intermural space & from thence down the semicircular steps into the Court. The men had further access into the eastern margin of the Priests court as far as the stone rail of a cubit, & that margin was thence called the Court of Israel. When Zerubbabel laid the foundation of this Temple the littleness of the weomens court made the old men weep who had seen the great Court of the people in Solomon's Temple, in the room of which this little court succeeded.

After the Temple had continued in this state during the reign of the Persians. Simeon Iustus built the great Court, having for a pattern the eastern side which was left standing, being called Solomons Porch or Portico because built by Solomon as we are told by Iosephus who had seen it. And afterwards Herod rebuilt the southern side more sumptuously with four rows of Pillars. But the Gentiles were stil admitted into this Court as far as the wall Soreg & therefore it was called the Court of the Gentiles: And the Priests & people still continued their worship in the sanctuary & weomens court built by Zerubbabel & rebuilt by Herod.

<16r>

– And here ends the sacred history of the Iews.

On the eastern side of the outward court upon three rows of marble Pillars stood the building called Solomons Porch. It seems to have been a part of Solomons Temple left standing by Nebuchadnezzar. On the north side of the outward court was built a fortress in the days of the Maccabees. Herod rebuilt it & called it Antonia in honour of Marc Antony. Herod built also the southern side of the outward court more sumptuously then Solomon had done, setting it upon four rows of Marble pillars. And the Porch of the House he built an hundred cubits broad which was seventy cubits broader then in Solomons Temple.

[1] 21,88

[Editorial Note 1] The following text to the end of f. 4v is written upside down.

[Editorial Note 2] The following text to the end of f. 5v is written upside down.

[2] Iespho kuntig. l. 11 c. 7.

[3] Ioseph. ib.

[4] a Nehem. 13. 28.

[5] Ioseph Antiq. l. 11. c 8 & l 12 c 2

[6] a Ioma fol. 69. 1 & Sepher Iuchasim & Sepher Hakkabbala & David Gans in Zemach David et Maimondes in Præf. Iad. Vide Historiam Doctorū Misnicorum p. 14 15, 16, 17

[7] Ioseph l. 11. c. 8 & l. 12. c. 3.

[8] Ezra 10.6

[9] Nehem. 13

[10] Nehem 13. 28

[11] Ioseph. Antiq. l. 11. c. 7.

[12] Ioseph. Antiq. l. 11. c. 8 & l. 12. c. 2.