104-5)

Author: Isaac Newton

Source: MINT 19/2/36, National Archives, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK

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  - 1 January 2001
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  - 29 September 2011
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Related Texts
- This document is a version of:
  'The value of Gold in proportion to silver in several parts of Europe' [MINT 19/2/104-5]

<36r>

In England Scotland, Holland France, Flanders, Holland, Hamborough, Florence Leghorn Venice Rome Genoa Lucca Millaon they reccon by pounds, Livres, \or/ Lires {illeg} Shillings, schellings, sols, soldi & pence pennings, deniers, \gross/ or picabli in the proportion of 20 & 12 to one. In Holland \& Flanders/ they call they|m| Livres de g schelling\sols/ & deniers de gross or pondt Vlems schellings & gross. And there they reccon also by Florens or Guilders, sols common or Styvers or Patars & Pennings or Penning{illeg}en in the proportion of 20 & 16 to one. A livre de gross is six Florens, & a sol de gross six styvers.

As in England we reccon by pounds shillings & pence so in France they reccon \in the same proportion in France/ by livres sols & deniers, in Millain Genoa {illeg}\Millain/ Genoa Luca Bergame by Lires soldi & Deniers; in Venice by Lires soldi & Piccoli, in Rome Florence & Leg/horn\\Florence & Leghorn/ by Ecus or Escuti {illeg} sold|s| & deniers d'or, In Nove by Ecus sols & deniers de Marks\In Nove by Ecus sols & deniers de Marck/ In Florence & Leghorn by Ecus\Lires/ soldi & Graces also\they reccon also in the same proportion/ by Lires soldi & Graces recconing\accounting/ 7 $\frac{1}{2}$ {illeg} Lires to be 1 Ecu d'or: \So also/ in Flanders & Holland \& Hambrough they reccon in the same proportion/ by Livres sols & deniers de gross or Pondt Vlaems, schellings & gross in the same proportion. \{illeg}/ There also they reccon by Florens or Guilders, Sols common or Styvers or Patars & Pennings numbering 16 Pennings to a Sol common, &\styver or Patar/ . 20 sol|tyv||ers| to a Floren \or Guilder/ & 6 Florens to a Livre de gross \& 2 $\frac{1}{2}$ Florens to a Rixdoller/ . {illeg} In Hamborough they reccon by Livres sold|s| & deniers y^e gross de gross Sols de gross or schellings & deniers de gross or grosses in the same proportion. They reccon also in Marcs \lubs/ Sols \lubs/ & deniers lubs & \also/ in |Rix|Dollers sols & deniers \lubs/ counting [6 sols lubs or sols common to a sol de gross 12 Pennings or 2 Gross to a sols common] 12 deniers to as Sol, & \6 sols to a sol de gross/ 16 sols to a Marc & \&/ 48 Marks \Sols/ to a Rixdoller, & six sols to a sol de gross In Haborough {sic} they reccon 12 \grosses or/ deniers th|de|e gros to a sol de gros or schelling 20 schellings to a livre de gross. They reccon also 12 deniers lubs to a Sol lub, 6 sols |lubs| to a sol de gros, 16 sols \lubs/ to a Marc & 48 sols lubs to a Rixdoller.

In spain they reccon by Maravadis counting 34 Maravadis to a Reau \{illeg}/ 8 Reaus \of old plate/ to a Piastre or piece \in piece/ of eight & two Piastres \old plate/ & 11 Reaus to a Ducat in Merchandice & 11 Reaus to a Ducat & one Maravadi to a Ducat in bills for Exchange. In the year 1676 their money was raised 25 per cent so that 10 Reaus of new plate make an \old/ Piastre & now they coyn \at Sevil & &/ new Piastres lighter {illeg} then the former in proportion of 5 to 4 so y^t 8 Reaus of new plate make a new Piastre.

In Portugal they reccon by Res, counting 400 Re 20 Res to a Vintain, 100 Res to a Teston, 400 Res to a piece Cu|r|usado & 500 Res to a Patagon. But in the year 1643 they raised their money 25|0| p^r cent ma\r/king Crusados markt to pass for 480 res & Patagons for markt for 600.

At Nal|p|les they count \by Carlins re/ 5 grains to a Tarin, 10 grains to a Carlin & 10 Carlins to a Ducat de Banco & 12 Carlins to a Ducat d'or.

At Leipsic & Naumberg \Berlin & Berlin/ they count 12 Fenins to a gross 24 Gross to a Rix doller.

At Dantzick Riga & Coningsberg they count 18 Pennings to a gross, 30 Gros to a Tinf Guilder or Floren & 3\Tinfs or/ Florens to a Rix doller

At Stockholm they count 3 Mares of copper to a mare of Silver & 8 Marcs of copp silver to a Rixdoller

At|In| Danemarck 13 Fenins or Pennings make a cheling \or/ Danish \or sol/, 16 chelings a Mark Danish \or Rick Mark/ & 6 Marks a Rixdoller. Also 2 Chelings Dans make a Chelings lubs or of Lubec & 2 Marcs Dans a Mark lubs

In several other parts of Europe they have other ways of reccoing

In Savoy & Piemont 4 Quatrines make a soldo & 20 soldi a Lire

At Frankford \& Nuremberg,/ 8 Fenins make a Crutzer, 60 Crutzers a Floren & 90 Crutzers or 1 $\frac{1}{2}$ Florens a Rixdoller.