'The intended Report of y^e Councell of Trade to his Ex[cellen]cie y^e Lord Leiut. & Councell of Ireland'

<449r>

The intended Report of y^e Councell of Trade
to his Excie y^e Lord Leiu^t. {sic} + Councell of Ireland

In obedience to yo^r Lopps Act of Councell dated Ianuary 20^th: 1627 wee have spent severall dayes in Considering how as well the welth {sic} of this kingdome in generall as y^e money thereof in perticuler {sic} may bee encreased, and in Order thereunto have first sett downe to y^e best of our knoledge {sic} y^e State of this kingdome in Reference to trade. Secondly wee have noted such Inferences from y^e Same, as doe shew y^e sevrall {sic} Causes of y^e Smalene{illeg}|s|se of of {sic} Trade want of money, and y^e generall Poverty of this Nacon; And in the last place wee have offerred such generall Remedies, and expedients in y^e inspective Causes as may be obtained and practized w^thout any new law to bee made in Ireland. And wee are ready soe to enlarge upon y^e Branches Wee \have/ offerred as to make such of our Proposalls practicable as yo^r Lopps shall pl{illeg}|eas|e to select and to approve of, for that Purpose.

March 25^th. 1673

Consideracons relation to y^e Improv{illeg}|m|ent of Ireland|.| The State of Ireland in {sic} Reference

|The state of Ireland| To trade |in reference to Trade.|

|1| The whole territory of Ireland consists of about 12 millions of Acres English measure of arrable meadow, and good Pasture land, w^th about two millions of Rocky Boggy, and Scrubby pasture comonly {sic} called unprofitable, though not altogether such, the rest being {illeg}{illeg}|absol|ute Baggs, L{illeg}|o|ugh, Rocke Sands Strand Rivers and high wayes:– of all w^ch Sevrall {sic} Lands the yearly Rent is supposed to be about 900: thousand pounds and worth to be purchased nine Millions

|2| The val{illeg}|ue| of all y^e houseing In Ireland w^ch: have one or more Chimneys in them (excluding all {illeg}|ca|bbins w^ch have none) is supposd to be to|w|o Millions and an halfe

|3| The Cattele and live Stocke 3 Millions

|{4}| {Corne} Furniture Merchandize, Shipping &: about one million

|{5}| The Coyned and currant money now running in Trade is between 300 and 250: thousand pounds or $\frac{1}{50}$ of y^e value of y^e whole kingdome w^ch wee supposed to \about/ 16 Million{illeg}

|{6}| The number of people in Ireland is about 11: hundred thousand viz^t. 300 thousand Protestants and 800 thousand Papiests, whereof $\frac{1}{4}$ are Children unfitt for labour, {Half of the Remainder} {illeg} {illeg}|a|nd about 75 thousand of y^e remainder are by reason of their{illeg} Quality, and estates, above the necessity of corporall Labor, Soe as their remaines 750 thousand laboring men and woemen 500 thousand whereof doe performe y^e p^rsent work of y^e na{illeg}|t|on.

|7| The Said 11|00| thousand w^ch have but one all people doe {illeg} above live in about 200 thousand Families or houses where of ther {sic} are but about {illeg}16{illeg} thousand w^ch have more then one Chimney in ech {sic} and about 24 thousand w^ch have but one all y^e other \housing/ being 160 thousand are wrecht{illeg} {illeg}|n|asty Cabbins w^thout Chimney window or dore shutt and worse then those of y^e Savage Americans and wholy unfitt for y^e making of merchantable Butt^r. Cheese or y^e manufacturies of wollen or leather.

|{8}| The houses w^thin y^e Cittyes and liberties of Doublin are under 4 thousand viz in y^e Citty 1150 and y^e ale houses w^thin y^e same about 12: hundred and it seems y^t in other Corporations and Country tounes the proporcon of ale houses is yet greater in Doublin viz $\frac{1}{3}$ of y^e whole.

|{9}| The Countys hath been found Barronys and parishes of Irland {sic} <449v> Are now become marvelous unequall soe as some are twenty times as bigg as others The County of Corke seeming in respect of parishes and people to be $\frac{1}{6}$ of y^e whole kingdome and in other Counties not being above $\frac{1}{20}$^th part of y^e County of Corke it hath been found very difficult to gett fitt persons for Sherriffs and Iurys and y^e often houlding of assises and quarter sessions in y^e said small Countyes hath been found an unneessary burthen {sic} upon them

|10| There are now in Irland {sic} 32 Counties 252 Barronyes and 2278 Parishes soe as y^e number of Sheriffes and Sheriffe Bayleffes high and petty Constables are about 3: thousand persones whereof not a bove $\frac{1}{10}$ are english or protestants soe as y^e Remaind^r (about a bout 2700) are Ire|i|sh papi{illeg}|s|ts, and are y^e {illeg}|C|ivill Militia of this kingdome and have executeing of all decrees of Courts and In of Iustices of peaces warrant.

|11| This Civill Militia and y^e rest of y^e \Irish/ Papi{illeg}|s|ts being above 800 thousand are Influenced and guided by about 3 thousand preists {sic} and fryers and they governd by theire Bishopps + Superiours who are for y^e most part of y^e old Irish gentry, men of forreign Education + who depend upon forraigne {{illeg}|P|rinces} + Prelates for {Beneficies} and Prefer{illeg}ments.

|12| The Irish Papiests (besides Sundays and the 29: Holy dayes appoynted by y^e law) doe o{illeg}|ne| place w^th an other observe a bout 24 days more in y^e yeare in which they doe noe Corporat{illeg}|t| labour Soe as t{illeg}|he|y have but a bout 2{illeg}|6|5 d|6|ays \266 working days/ whereas Protestants not Strictly observing all y^e legall Holy days by a totall forbearing of labour have in effect 300 working dayes in y^e yeare that is 34 days more then y^e papists or at least 5 weekes of 6: of|D|ayes in each or $\frac{1}{10}$ part of y^e whole yeare.

|13| The expence of y^e whole people of Ireland is {a} |a|bout 4 millions ꝑ Annu{illeg}|m| y^e 50^th part whereof being 80 thousand pounds and y^e quarter of annuall house Rent being a |a|bou{e}|t| 60 thousand pounds together w^th. 450: thousand pounds more being the \value/ of halfe a y{illeg}|e|a{illeg}|r|s Rent {Tyth} and {quittrent} doe make 590 thousand pounds as y^t sume of money w^ch will compleatly {illeg} + plentifully desire y^{illeg}|e| trade of this kingdome

|{1}4| The value of y^e Comodities {sic} exported out of Ireland & y^e fr\a/ight of y^e Shipping Imployd in y^e trade of this nacon together with y^e fishing of herrings is a|a|bout 500 thousand pounds ꝑ annum.

|{1}5| The value of y^e Castle (viz^t Estates in Ireland of such persons as doe usualy {sic} live In England y^e Intrest {sic} of d{illeg}b{illeg}e |debt| of Ireland due and payable to England, the pay of y^e forces of Ie{illeg}|r|land {sic} now in england, y^e Expence and pensions of agents and Sollicitors {illeg}|C|omonly residing In england a|a|bout Irish Affaires, The expence of english and Irish youth now upon y^e Education beyond y^e seas and lastly y^e supposed Proffitt of y^e two great Farmes now on F{illeg}oot doe altogether make up near 200 thousand pounds ꝑ Annum as a debt \payable/ to England o{illeg}|O|ut of Ireland.

|{1}6| The value of y^e Cattle (viz^t: {hine} oxon and Sheep) carry^d out of Ierland {sic} Into England was never more {illeg} \then 140/ thousand pounds ꝑ Annum the Fr\a/ight, hides Tallow and wooll of y^e Sayd {hine} cattle were worth aboue|t| 60 thousand pounds of y^e Sayd 140 <450r> Thousand pounds and y^e value \of the/ good Imported out of england into Irland (when y^e Cattle Trade was free) was between treble + quadru{illeg}|b|le to y^e neate {illeg}|v|alue of y^e one and Sheepps {sic} Flesh or transported from hence into England

The Customs \of/ exported + Imported Goods between England + Ireland {illeg}|a|bstracted from y^e excise thereof was in y^e fir{illeg}st Trade a |a|bout 32 thousand Pounds ꝑ Annum.

Inf{illeg}|er|ences from y^e Premisses.

|1| By Compa{iri}|rei|ng y^e extent of y^e {t}|T|erritory, w^th y^e number of y^e people it appeare{illeg}|s| y^t Ireland is much under peopled for as much as there is|are| a |a|bove 10 Acres of good land {illeg}|to| e{illeg}|very| head in Ireland, whereas in England, and France these are but 4, and in Holland Scarce one.

|2| If there be {illeg}|250| thousand space hands capable of Labour who can earle 4: or 5^li: ꝑ Annum one with annother. It follow|s| y^t y^e people of Ireland we{illeg}|ll|{illeg} Imployd may earn one million per Annum more then they {illeg}|d|oe now w^thin more then y^e years Rent of y^e whole Country

|3| If an house w^th stone walls and a Chimney well covered and halfe an acer {sic} of land well d{illeg}|itch|ed a |a|bout, may be made for 4 or 5^li or there a |a|boutes then $\frac{2}{3}$ of y^e Spare hands of Irland {sic} can in one years time, {illeg}|b|uild and fitt upp 160 thousand such houses and Gardens in {illeg}|S|tead of y^e like number of y^e wretcht Cabbins a |a|bove mentio\nd/ And that in a time when a forraigne Trade is most dead and obstructed + when money is most scarce in y^e land.

|4| The other third part of y^e Said Spare hands w^thin y^e same years (besides y^e makeing of Bridges Harbours Rivers High ways &|c| more fitt for Trade) are a |a|ble to plant as many f{illeg}|rui|\{illeg}/{illeg}|t|e + timber Trees + + {sic} also quick sett hedges as being grown up{on} would distinguish y^e bounds of land|s| beautify y^e Country shade and shelter Cattle furnish wood, Fuell Timber + Fruit in a bett^r manner then ever was yet known in Ireland or England + all this in a {illeg}|tim|e when trade is dead + money most scarce.

|5| In y^e Gardens belonging to y^e cabbins before mentioned and planted w^th hempe, and flax according to y^e {illeg}|pr|esent s{illeg}|t|atute would grow 120: thousand {illeg}|p|o{illeg}|unds||-|worth of y^e said Comodities, y^e manufacture where of as a{illeg}|l|so {illeg}o{illeg}|f| y^e well and Hydes non exported would {illeg}|b|y y^e labour of y^e spare hands a |a|bove mention\d/ {illeg}{illeg}|a|mou{illeg}|n|t too a |a|bout one million {illeg} {illeg}ly y^e labour <450v> ꝑ Annum more then att p^rsent.

|6| The multitude and proporcon of ale houses a|a|bove menciond is a Signe of want of Imployment in th{illeg}|o|se that bu{illeg}y {illeg}\buy no/ l{illeg}|e|s{illeg}|se| then those y^t sell y^e drinke

|7| There being a|a|bove 2: thousand Papists in Ireland and little a|a|bove 2: thousand parrishes of {it} |it| is manifest that 500: Pr{illeg}|e|ists {sic} may in a Competent |measure| officate for y^e said number of People \&/ Parishes, And y^t two papish Bishopp if any at all be nessesary {sic} may as well governe y^e Said 500 Priest|s|, and 2 thousand parishes {illeg}|a|s the 26 Bishops of England doe govern y^e near ten thousand Parishes.

|8| If y^e Protestants according to y^e p^rsent practice {illeg} |&| understanding of y^e law doe worke one tenth ppart of y^e year more then y^e papists and y^e|t| there be 750000 working people in Ireland where of a|a|bout 600 thousand papiests {sic}: it follows y^t y^e papish religio{illeg}|n| {illeg}|t|akes off 60 thousand workers w^ch att {illeg}|ab|out 4^li ꝑ Annum each is {about} \above/ {illeg}|250| thousand pounds per Anuum of it {illeg}|S|elfe besides the maint{illeg}|en|ance of {illeg}|25| hundred superfuous {sic} Churchmen w^ch att 20^li ꝑ Annum each, some to 50 thousand pds ꝑ Annum more.

|9| If t{illeg} {illeg}|The sherri|ffs of Ireland att 100^li ꝑ anum y^e Constables att 10^li ꝑ Anum {illeg}|each being all English| protestants (w^ch some incident Charges for y^e admins{illeg}tration {sic} of Iustice may be s{illeg}|allaviated| + defrayd for thirty thousand pounds ꝑ annum consist{illeg}|ent| w^th his maties present Revenue, Force{illeg}|s|, &|c:| w^ch Sayd {illeg}S|S|a{illeg}|la|rys may also bee lessend by uniting some of y^e Smaller Counties, Barronys and parishes according to y^e proporions of people Inhabiting w^thin them

|10| If there be not 350 thousand pounds Coyned \{illeg} mo{illeg}|ney|/ in Ireland, and if {illeg}|59|0: thousand pounds (or neare d{illeg}|ouble|{illeg} w^t there now {illeg}|is|) be requisite to drive y^e trade there|of| of then it follows y^t there is not money enough in Ireland to drive y^e Trade of y^e nacion.

|11| If the lands of Ireland + housing in Corporacions be worth above 10 Millions to be now Sold and if lesse then one million of Stocke will d{illeg}|rive| {all} \all/ y^e trade afore mentioned that Ireland is capeable {sic} of ({illeg}|re|ck|o|ning but to|w||o| returnes ꝑ annum) it is certaine that the Clearest part of y^e s^d 10 millions worth of reall Estate being well contrived in a banke of Creditt will wi{illeg}|t|h y^e Cash yet remaining {a }|a|bundantly answer all y^e ends of <415r> of domesticke Improvements Improvements + forraigne trafique whatsoeve{illeg}|r|.

|12| If y^e whole substance of Ireland be worth 16 Millions as a bove Said, if y^e Customs between England + I{illeg}|r|eland were never worth a|a|bove 32: thousand pounds ꝑ anum if y^e titles of estates in Ireland be more haz{illeg}|a|rdous {illeg}|{illeg}| experience for y^t England + Irland {sic} are not und^r. one legis{s}|l|ati{illeg}|v|e Power; If Irland {sic} till now hath been a Continuall Charge to england, If y^t Reduceing y^t late Rebelion {sic} did Cost england 3 times more in men + money then y^e Substance of y^e whole Country when reduced in worth if it be Iust that men of English Birth & Estate Living {illeg}|in| in Ireland should be rep^rsented in y^e Legislative Power, And y^t y^e Irish should not be Iudged by those who they pretend doe usurp their estates it then seems Iust + Convenient, that both King domes should be united + Govern by one Legislative Power, {illeg}|n|or is it hard to Shew how this may be made pract{illeg}|ic|\a/ble, nor to Satisfie repair{illeg}|e|, or silence those who are Intere{illeg}|std| or affected to y^e Contrary

|13| In y^e mean time it is wonder full y^t men born i|I|n England, who have lands granted to them by y^t king for service done in Ireland to y^t crowne of England, when they have occ{illeg}|s|ion {sic} to reside, or negotiate in in {sic} england should by the|i|re Country men kindred + + {sic} friends there bee debarred to bring w^th them out of Ireland food {thence} \where/upon to live, nor sufferd to bring such commodities \as/ they fe|t|chd from {illeg}|Americ|a, directly home but roun{illeg}|d| a|a|bout by England w^th extream hazard and losse + be forced to trade only w^th strangers + bec{illeg}|o|me un a|c|quainted w^th theire own Country Especially when England gaineth more then it looseth by a free co{illeg}|mm|erce as exporting hither three times as much as it receiveth fro{illeg}|m| hence in soe much {illeg}|as| {illeg}|95|^li in England was worth {illeg}|a|bout 100^℔ of y^t like money in I{illeg}|r|eland in y^t free {kin\d/} of Trade.

|14| It is conceived y^t a|a|boue|t| {illeg}|$\frac{1}{3}$| of y^t Imported manufat|c|tures might be made in Ir{illeg}|e|land and $\frac{2}{3}$ of y^t {illeg}|Re|mainder mght {sic} be more conveniently had from forraigne <451v> parts then out of England, and Consequently y^t it is Scarce necessary att all for Ireland to receive any goods of England, And not Convenient to receive $\frac{1}{4}$ from thence of y^e whole, w^ch: \it/ needeth to Import \above/ y^e value {t}|w|here of is under 100 thousand pounds ꝑ anum.

The applica{illeg}|tion| of the p^rmisses in order to remedy the defects + Impediments of the Trade of Ireland.

|1| For as much as y^e Consideracion of raysing money hath already + for lately been before yo^r Lopps: therefore w^thout giveing this B{illeg}|o|ard any further trouble conc{illeg}|e|rning y^e Sa{illeg}|m|e wee humbly offer in order to y^e reguation of y^e s{illeg}|evrall species| therof {sic} that where as weighty plate peeces {sic}, together with {illeg}|D|uccat|o|{illeg}|o|nes (w^ch wee est{illeg}|i|mate to be {three} \three/ qua{illeg}|rters| of y^e money now currant in Ir|e|land) doe {illeg}|a|lready passe \at/ propor{illeg}|t|i{illeg}|o|nable rates and for that all other species of Silver money are neither raysed\rated/ proporrtionable to y^e Said weighty Peeces {sic} nor{illeg} to {illeg}o{illeg}|n|e |an|other, That whole halfe and quart|er| Cobbs of sterling Silver if light may passe att {S}|f|i{x}{illeg}|v||e| {illeg}|shill|ings\{illeg} shillings &/ Silver as y^e p{illeg}|{errues}| {illeg}|&||c:| may passe as a{illeg}|com|ody{illeg}|ity|{illeg} |or| att five shilling|s| per ounce until there shall be a conveniency for new Coyning thereof {illeg}\into/ smaller money.

|2| That forth-with application may be made in|to| England to restore trade for y^e plantations + between y^e two kingdoms (+ particulary {sic} y^t of Ca{illeg}|tt|le) as here-to-fore, + in y^e mean time to discover + hinder by llownace to discover + hinder by all me{illeg}|a|n{illeg}|es| possible y^t carring {sic} of Bullion {illeg}|out| of Ireland Into England, to y^e end y^t those in england who use to receive mon|e|ys from hence may be ne{illeg}cessi{illeg}|ta|ted to be very |e|{illeg}|a|rnest in y^e Sayd neg{illeg}|o|tiation

|3| That endevo{illeg}|ur|s be used in England {illeg}|f|or y^e union of y^e two kingdoms under one Legislative Power proportionably as was here|to|{illeg}fore + {illeg}|Su|cces{illeg}fully done in y^e case of wales.

<452r>

|4| For Reduceing Interest from ten to five or Six ꝑ s|c|ent, for disposing m{illeg}|o|nyed men to be rather {illeg}|mer|chants then usurers, rather to trade then purchas{e} {illeg} and to prevent y^e bad, and uncertaine paym^ts. w^ch Gentle men are forced to make unto Tradesmen whose Stocke + Creditt is thereby soon bur{i}|y|ed in de{illeg}|bt||s| not to be recovered w^thout long & expensive suites that a banc{illeg}|k|{illeg} {illeg}|o|f Land bee forth w^th. contrived + countenanc\ed/

|5| That y^e act of s state\state/ w^ch mitigates + compound|s| for y^e Customs of some forraigne Goods (purposily {sic} made high to hinder {thiere {sic}} Importations att least before it to be renewed. \& to to {sic} encourage the manufacture of them here) be{e} taken {illeg} again into consideration at least before it be renewed./

|6| That y^e Lord Leiu^t. {sic} and Counccell as also the nobility, Courts of Iustice and officers of |y^e| {illeg}|ar|mey, and other Gentlemen in and about Doublin may by thei{illeg}|r| engagement, + example discountenances y^e use of some certaine forrainge Coo^rmodities to be pi{illeg}|tc|hed upon by yo^r Lopps: And y^t y^e Gentle men + free holders in y^e Country at theire assizes and, other Country meetings and y^e Inhabitan{illeg}|ts| of all Corporations, who live in houses of above 2|t||wo| Chimneys in each may {Afterward} \afterwards/ doe y^e same.

|7| That there be a corporation for y^e navigation of this kingdome, + y^t other s{illeg}|oc|ietys of men, may be Institu|t|ed, wh shall undertake, + give security to carry on the sevrall {sic} trades + manufac{t}|t|ures of Ireland, and to see y^t all goods exported to forraigne Marketts be faithfully wrought + pa{illeg}|ckt| w^ch Societys may direct themsel{illeg}|ve|s by y^t many Sevrall {sic} proposalls and reports formerly + of late made by y^t Councilll of Trade, and w^ch the are now {a} |a|gaine ready to enlarge + accomoda\te/ {sic} to y^t said sev^ll: purposes respectively + more parti{illeg}|cul|a{illeg}|r|ly to y^t manufactures of Linen wo\o/l{illeg}|le|n + Lether {sic}.

|8| That y^t Corporations of Ireland may be obl{illeg}|i|edged to engage now manufactures according to thier {sic} primitve Instruc{c}|t||i|ons w^ch was to carry on such grerat \works/ by exceeding y^t strength of s{illeg}|in|gle persons + particularly that they may ca|u|se some such like propor{cc}|ti|ons of <452v> Yarn Linen, and wollen as also of worsted to be spun as m^r {illeg}|H|awkins hath propounded.

|9| That the patents w^ch hinder y^t working of mines may bee Considered.

|10| That y^t Iustices of peace may be admonished to protect y^t Industrious and not suffer their labours to be Interrupted by vexations + frivelous Ind{illeg}|i|\c/{illeg}|t|ements.

|{1}1| That the Inhabitan{illeg}|ts| of y^t wre|t|ched Cabbins in Ireland may be en{illeg}|coura|dged|ged| to reform them and also Compelld therunto, as an easy + Indulge{illeg}nt|ent| comitting for y^t penalty of nine pence ꝑ Sunday payable by the Estate \Statute/, and likewise, to make Gardens, at y^t estate \Statute/ for hempe and flaxx reuqires, And y^t other y^e Laws ag^t: Id{illeg}lers, Vagabon{s}|d||s| &{illeg}|c|: may be applyed to y^e prevention of Beggery {sic} and Theivery {sic} whereunto the orderly disposing of y^e said Cabbins into town ships would also Conduce.

|{1}3| That y^e exorbitant number of Popish Preists {sic} and Fryars may be Red{illeg}|uc|ed to a bare Competency, as also y^e numbe{illeg}|r| of Ale houses.

|14| That y^e Constables and Sherri{illeg}|ff|es \Bayliffs/ may also be English{illeg} protestants though upon Sallary.

From all w^ch. and from y^e settlement of Estates it is to be hoped y^t men seeing more advantage to live In Ireland then then {sic} else where may be Invited to to remove themselves thither, and soe {illeg}|Supply| y^e want of people y^e g{illeg}|r|eatest + most fundamentall Defect of that kingdom.

<453r>

Certaine generall Rules collected concern{illeg}ing money and Bullion out of y^e late consultation att Co{illeg}|u|rt in a speech made by S^r Thomas Roe att y^e Councell Table 1640

Go{illeg} and Silve{illeg}|r| have a to|tw|o fold Estimac|ti|on, In\in/ y^e extrinsique value, as they {are} moneys and princes measure given to their People {of trade} and this is a Prerogative of kings: or in the In{illeg}|trin|\si/que as they are Comodites {sic} valu{e}ing each other according to their Plenty or Scarcity, and soe all other Comodities by them and this is y^e sole pow^r of Trade.

This|e| m|me|ade y|sure|^e lord Trer \in a kingdom/ ought to be Constant. It is y^e Iustice, and honor of the king, for if they be altered all men att y^t time are de{illeg}|ceiv|ed in their p^rsent {fo}\precedent/ Contracts either for lands or moneys, and y^e king m{illeg}|o|st of all. For noe man knoweth either w^t he hath or wh{illeg}|a|t he oweth.

This made the Lord Trerer Burle|i|gh in in {sic} anno 1573 (when Some Projectors had sett on F{illeg}|o|\o/tt a matter of {illeg}|t|hat nature) to tell them y^e they are \were/ worthy to Suffer death, for attempting to put soe great a dishonor upon y^e Queen {illeg}|+| Detriment on|+| \discontent on/ y^e people for to alter this publique measure is to leave all the marketts of the kingdome unfurnished + what will be y^e mish|c|hiefe the proclamation\s/ of y^e 5^th. + 6^th: of Queen {illeg}|M|ary and 4^th and of Eliz: will manifest, when but a rancor <453v> produced that effect soe farr, y^t besides y^e faith of those Princes to y^e {illeg}|Contrary| dlivered in theire Edicts they were i|I|nfor{illeg}|c|ed to ca{illeg}|u|se y^e Magistrates in evey {sic} Shire respectively to Con strayne y^e people to furnish the marketts to prevent a mut{illeg}|i|ny.

To thinke then this measure att this time {Short} |is| to {illeg}|R|aise all {illeg}|Pri|{illeg}{illeg}|zes| or to tune the measure or money now currant into disuse + Bullion, {S}|f|o{e}|r| who will ꝑ^t. w^th any, when it is \by/ sven more in y^e hundred in y^e masse then the {illeg}|new| moneys + yet of no{illeg}|e| {illeg}|more| value in y^e markett.

Hence y^e necessity of it will follow y^t there will not at|of| a long time be minted of y^e new moneys {illeg}|S|ufficient to drive y^e exchange of y^e kingdome, and soe all trade att one Instant \instant/ will be att a Stand, + in y^e mean time y^e markes unfurnished, and thus f{arr}|arr| {as}|as| {money}|money| {in}|is| a measure.

Now as Comodity i{illeg}|t| {is}|is| respected + valued by the Intrinsique quality + first y^e one mett{illeg}|a|ll to y^e othe{illeg}|r|.

All comodities {sic} are prized by plenty or scarcity by dearnesse or cheapnesse y^e one to y^e other|.| if \If then/ wee desire our silver to by{illeg}|uy| g{illeg}old as it hath lately been we must lett it be y^e cheaper + lesse valued in {illeg}|prop|ortion|;| and C{illeg}\so contrary/ For {illeg}|on|e equiv{illeg}|a|lent Proporcion in both will bring in neither|.| w|W|ee see y^e proffitt thereof by y^e unusuall {Pieces} \quantities/ of goold|gold| brought lately to y^e mint by reason of y^e price wee rate it {illeg}|a|bo{ut}|ve| all \other/ Countrys go|g|old maybe bought to {sic} de{illeg}|are||.| t|T|o furnish then this way y^e mint with both is Impossi{illeg}|b|l{illeg}|e|.

And att this time it was apparently proved both by the best artists|Artists|, +|+| mer|Mer|chants most {illeg}|acqu|ainted w^th y^e exchange in both y^e examples of y^e mint masters {illeg}|in| y^e {illeg}d|RixD|ollers + {illeg}|Royall|s of eight, {y^t}|y^t| {si}|si|lver here us if equall value + go|g|old {illeg}|a|bove w^ch. forraigne parts in y^e Instrinsique value, but {illeg}ll{illeg}|SSallarys| p^r|r|esented to y^e L{ords}|ords| by|by| y^e|y^e| mi|Mi|nt master {illeg}|is| {o}|o|nly y^e {illeg}|nomination| {illeg}|of it's|{illeg} ex{trinsiqu}|trinsi|e Qu|u|ality|ty|.

But if wee desire both i{illeg}|t| {is}|is| not y^e rai|ai|sing y^e value that doth it but y^e ballancing y^e Trade, for if we buy more then wee sell of all other Comodities be y^e money ne{illeg}|ver| Soe high pris|z|ed wee {illeg}st|must| part w^th it|it| to make the Disproportion e{illeg}|aven|, if {illeg} \{wee}|wee|/ sell more, then the Contrary will follow,|.| and|And| this is|is| plaine in y^e Spanish necess{ytyes}|ities||,| for should that K|K|ing adva{nce}|nce|d to a double Royall of eight|,| yett needing by re\a/son of y^e b{illeg}|arroness| of|of| t{illeg}|his| Cou\{illeg}/{illeg}|ountry| more of forreaign {illeg} \wares/ then he can countervaile by exchang{illeg}|e| with his\w^th his own wares he must then ꝑ^t with his money + {illeg}gaine no more by exchang/ing\/ \with his own ares he must then part with his money & {illeg}|g|ain no more by exchanging his/ Coyne then before, but will pay a higher price for y^e Comodites {sic} he he {sic} buyeth {illeg}|if| th{illeg}|is| wrke of raiseing be his owne.

<454r>

But if wee Shall make Improvem^t. of Gould + Silver being y^e Staple Comoditys of this kingdome to y^e {illeg}|f|ash|i|{illeg}|o|n of y^e {illeg}|N|etherlands, were to {fr{illeg}|a|m} a Royall monarchy by a Society of m{illeg}|er|ch|ants|ants, {Their}|their| Country is|is| a conti{nua}|nua|ll Faire, + Soe y^e price of mo|mo|neys must {ryse}|ryse|, + fall to fitt the{illeg}|ir| o{ccasions}|occasions||.| w|W|e see|ee| this by raiseing y^e exchange all|at| {Frankford}|Frankford| and other places att y^e usuall times|times| y|y|^e marts|marts|.

{This}|This| frequ|u|ent|t| + dayly change in y^e low Cuntryes {sic} of these moneys is {illeg}|n|oe Such Iustice\injustice/ to any three as it would be {illeg}|he|{illeg}re, Fo|o|r there they being all m{illeg}|e|rchants or mec{illeg}nickes|chanickes| the {can}|can| rate accordingly the|i|re labour, and ther|ir|e {were} {sic} whether it be Coyne or other m{illeg}|e|rchandise|dise||,| y^e y^e Condi{ci}|iti|on to y^e p^rsent Condicion of thire {sic} own money in exchange.

And our English merchants to whose pro{illeg}ss|fess|ion it p{roperly}|roperly| {be}|be|longeth doe soe according to y^e Iu|u|st intinsique \value/ of thire {sic} forraigne Coynes in all barter of of Comodities {sic} or exchange except {usance}|usance| w^ch|w^ch| we|we| yt|yt| and rated + tyed by y^e ex{illeg}sique|trinsique| measure of moneys in all our co|co|nsta{illeg}|ant| Reckonings|gs|, and|and| {illeg}nu|anu|all Bargains att home cannot Doe.

And for us then to raise our coyn at this time to equall theag^t.3|ire| Proporcions we{illeg}re but to render our se{illeg}s|selves| to|to| a|a| ꝑ^rꝑetuall in{illeg}er|cer|taintie|ty|s, For they will Rayse|aise| there upon {y|y|e} dayly {illeg}g|ag|aine w^ch we have of Co{illeg}rse|ours|e must follow, or {illeg}{illeg}l|el|se Rec|c|eiv|v|e noe Pro{illeg}i|fi|tt by {this}|this| p^rsnet Change and soe destroy y^e po|po|llicy|icy|, Iustice|Iustice| {illeg}|Ho|nour and tranq|anq|uilit{y}|ility| of our state {for}|for| ever.

<454v>

State of Ireland in 1673.