Miscellaneous historical and apocalyptic jottings on various scraps of paper (section 7.3o)

Miscellaneous historical and apocalyptic jottings on various scraps of paper (section 7.3o) Isaac Newton c. 4,993 words The Newton Project Oxford 2020 Newton Project, University of Oxford

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c. 1675-80, in English with some Latin and Greek, c. 4,993 words, 17 pp. on 9 ff. 17 pp. on 9 ff.

in English with some Latin and Greek

Various miscellaneous apocalyptic, historical and mint-related jottings on largely unpaginated scraps of paper or draft/re-used letters (section 7.3p) [Yahuda Ms. 7.3p]Yahuda Ms. 7Fragment on Daniel on the back of a draft account of Pyx Trial procedure (section 7.3n) [Yahuda Ms. 7.3n] Yahuda Ms. 7.3o, National Library of Israel, Jerusalem, Israel IsraelJerusalemNational Library of Israel Yahuda MSS Yahuda Ms. 7.3o SL245 + ?

SL245, described in the Sotheby catalogue as c. 300,000 words on 975 pp., was bought at the Sotheby sale by Gabriel Wells for £48 and sold to Yahuda on 1 Aug. 1936 for the sale price plus 15%. On 24 May 1949, Yahuda wrote to the London dealer Heinrich Eisemann, 'As to lot 245 the new arrangement and replacement of the pages resulted in 1,530 pages instead of 975 pages as many pages had to be taken out from other lots. But for this manuscript I have a customer who wants to pay a much higher price than $3,800 suggested by you.' If this was true, the prospective buyer's desire to part with his or her cash presumably waned. There must subsequently have been further reordering of the manuscript as the present Yahuda Ms. 7 amounts to nowhere near 1,530 pp.

c. 1675-80 England English Latin Greek Hebrew Holograph Unknown 1 Unknown 2 Unknown 3 Unknown 4 Unknown 5 Unknown 6 William Waters Unknown 7 Unknown 8 Print Religion Niki Black start tagged transcription Niki Black end tagged transcription Shannon Higgins began editing transcription Shannon Higgins finished editing transcription Checking begun by Robert Ralley. Checking completed by Robert Ralley.

Ms. 7.3(o)1r

$\begin{array}{r} 1722 . 9^{s} . 19^{d} . 46' . \\ 3^{} . 11^{} . 25 \\ 1^{} . 1^{} . 5 \\ 8^{} . 12^{} . 28 \\ 4^{} . 18^{d} . 37 \end{array}$

To SrSir Isaac Newton These 1v – High Priest. Those Iews who took Herod for the Messiah & were thence called Herodians, seem to have grounded their opinion upon the seventy weeks of years wchwhich they found between his reign & that of Cyrus. But afterwards in applying the Prophesy to Theudas & Iudas of Galilee & at length to Barchochab they seem to have shortened the reign of the kingdom of Persia. But their ChonologyChronology in this last recconing is being so very imperfect. 2r To SrSir Isaac Newton These 2v pPag. 4. l. 12. jam velo sublato uti advocatum in hac rixa pro se inducere, qu mathematitcos in Angliâ provocantem [uti fingitur] ad problemata solvenda; Ib. lin. 29. Quæ de Quæsitionibus Philosophicis disputata sunt D. Des Maizeaux collegit & in luce aa Vide Epistolas D. Leibnitij ad D. Des Maizeaux 21 Aug. 1716 & D. Des Maizeaux ad Abbatem de Comitibus 21 Aug. 17168. Tin T Collectionum Tomo 2do pag. 356, & 362. a D. Leibnitio et alijs accepit & in lucem edidit 3r To The Honble SrSir Isaac Newton Kt.Knight &c. 3v usurp a legislative power in matters of religion, make other articles of communion, do anathematiz & make war upon all wchwhich do not submit impose their own opinions as the laws of God, then what were articles of communion from yethe begining, impose their own opinions as the laws of God & & anathematize & make war upon all who do not submit. For this is breaking the Church into parties & making war upon Christians wthwith the heighest degree of uncharitableness. This is breaking what the spcripture calls changing times changing times & laws & making war upon the Saints, This is acting wthwith yethe spirit of Antichrist, & lording it over Gods heritage & sitting in the Temple of God to be worshipped. 4r To Sir Isaac Newton Kt:Knight at his House in StSaint Martins Street by Leicester Fields Will. conquWilliam the conqueror. 1066. Will Rufus. Henry. I. Stephen. Henry II. 1189. Richard I. Iohn. Henry III. Edward. I. Edward II. 1326 Edward III. Richard II. Henry IV. Henry V. 1374272. Henry VI. Edward IV. Edw. V Richard III. Henry VIII. HeryHenry VIII. 1547 Edward VI. Maria. Elizabeth. Iacobus I. Carolus I. 1648 Cromwellus protector. Carol. II, Iacobus II. William III. Ann. George. 1721834 30)

660 (221∟6.

648 5r To SrSir Isaac Newton at yethe upper end of SntSaint Martins Lane, near LeisterLeicester fields P. London 5v The seven heads of the P are successive as may be gathered from the saying Five are fallen & one is & another is not yet cometh: & when he cometh he must continue a short space: & the Beast that was & is not (being wounded to death with a sword) he is the eighth & is of the seven. I take them to be seven successive reigns of the Roman Empire commencing at the opening of the seven seals. Six of them reigned before They are all crowned on the Dragons head but not on the Beasts because six of them reigned before the division of the Roman Empire into the Greek & Latin Empires & the seventh was the Greek Empire, & the eighth was the Latin Empire was the eight & of the seven because contemporary to the seventh as a collateral part thereof And when she fled into the wilderness & the first Temple was thrown down by the Babylonians & Sthe Woman fled from it into the wilderness a second Temple was built as is represented by measuring the Temple & Altar & them that dwell therein, that is their courts. / When the woman fled into the wilderness being captivated by the Babylonians, it is to be understood that the first Temple was thrown down & that a second Temple was to be built in the room thereof for the remnant of the womans seed.. And this is signified by the Angels commanding Iohn to measure the courts of the temple & altar & them that worship therein & leave out the outward court for the Gentiles. Those that worship in this nwnew Temple are henceforward called the two witnesses. These are the remnant of the womans seed who keep the commandmtscommandments of God & have the testimony of Iesus. These are the 144000 numbred & sealed out of all the twelve tribes of Israel: they 144000 that stand on mount Sion with the name of God in their foreheads; they that stand on the sea of glass having gotten the victory over the Beast & over his image & over his mark & over the number of his name: The rest are the Babylonian Gentiles to whome the outward court is given. Thoese are they multitude whom the two horned Beast causeth to receive a mark in their right hand or in their forehead while the Angel seals the 144000 6r SrSir YOU are desired to Meet the Lords and others the Commissioners appointed by His Majesty for Building the Fifty New Churches in and about the Cities of London and Westminster, &c. on Wednesday the 6th Day of this InstInstant Iuly at 10 of the Clock in the fore noon, at the palace yard – – – – to proceed in the Executing of the Authorities, and Transacting the Affairs of the said Commission. Dated the 2d – Day of Iuly – 1720 —NB no board the last meeting the vacation Coming on and an aduertisement for this meeting in last Tuesdays Gazette/ William Waters, Messenger. away, but his life was prolonged in during the days of in his last horn. This horn came out of one of the four & when they fell it grew mighty not by its own power but by the power wchwhich took away the dominion of the Goat, & under which the life of the Goat was prolonged & this was the power of the Romans. The Goat signifies all the nations onf thie Greek Empire on this side of the river Euphrates during all the times of the Roman Empire. And twhen those nations became united in one dominion under the Romans, they are all together represented by the last horn of the Goat & become mighty are said to be mighty but not by their own power. Because the little horn was a horn of the Goat we are to look for him among the the nations wchwhich composed the body of the Goat. And because he was to rise up a little horn out of one of the four horns in the & in the latter time of their kingdom & to grow mighty towards the South & towards the East & towards the pleasant land, we are to look for a little kingdom wchwhich rose up out of the north west horn & when the in the latter time of the kingdom of the four horns when they fell it grew mighty conque toward Egypt & SyraSyria & Pal Iudea, conquering those countries but not by its own power. And such a little horn was the kingdom of Pergamus. It arose by the revolt of Philetærus from Lysimachus king of Thrace. It assisted the Romans againtagainst Antiochus the great & took from him all Asia minor on this side the moutmount Taurus: & then against It assisted them also in conquering Perseus king of Macedon. It came under the power of the Romans by the Lecacy of Attalus its last king – – – – tho not by his own power It came forth out of the north west horn. The Rom Senate of Rome became its king by right of inheritance & then it grew mighty towards the south The Latines are not comprehended among the nations represented by the Goat. Their power over Greeks is only named to distinguish the times in Goat wchwhich the Goat was mighty by his own power from the times in wchwhich he was mighty but not by his own power. He was mighty by his own power till his dominion was taken away by the Latins & after that his life was still prolonged & he was mighty in the days of his last horn but not by his own power. but by that of the Latines 6v Sr.Sir Isaac Newton in Leicester fields The first Beast reigned in his two wings tof Babylo Babylonia & Assyria till his dominion was taken away by the second, & then his life was prolonged under the dominion of the second. The second reigned till his dominion was taken away by the third & the third reigned till in his four heads & four wings till his dominion was taken away by the fourth & then his life was prolonged under the dominion of the fourth. The He Goat Ram & He Goat represenrepresent the same kingdoms & nations with the second & third Beast of Daniel & therefore Goat reigned in his four horns till his dominion was taken away by the fourth Beast, that is by the Romans. But his life was still prolonged under their dominion. And in this state he represented The three first of Daniells Beasts had their Dominions taken away each of them at the rise of the next Beast but their lives were prolonged & they are all of them still alive. The third Beast or Leopard reigned in his four heads & horns wings till his dominion was taken awa the rise of the fourth beasts or Empire of the Latines & then his dominion was taken away by the Latines b& his life was plrolonged under their dominion power. Theis He GoatLeopard with reigning in his four heads & wings signifies the same thing with the He-Goat reigning in his forur horns & therefore the He goat reigned in his four horns till the rise of Daniels fourth Beast or Empire of the Latines. And then its dominion was taken away by the Latines but its life was prolonged under their power. [And in this state the Hee Goat continued in the days of his last horn. It was therefore by the power of the Latines that this horn grew mighty. T The first of Daniels Beasts reigned till his dominion was taken away by the second, the second reigned till his dominion was taken away by the second third & the third reigned till his dominion was taken away by the fourth, & this fourth was the emp but all their lives were prolonged under the succeeding dominion, & the fourth was the Empire of the Latines. The third therefore reigned unde in his four heads & four wings till his dominion was taken away by the Latines & then his life was prolonged under their dominion. of the Latines The third reigning in his four heads signifies the same Empire with the He Goat reigning in his four h wing horns. And in the latter time of their kingdom his dominion was taken away by the Latines: but his life was prolonged under their dominion. And at that time the little horn wchwhich arose out of one of them became mighty towards the south & towards the east & towards the pleasant land, but not by his own power but by the power under wchwhich the life of the Goat was prolonged; that is. by the power of the Romans .Latines. SThe Goat represents only the nations of the Greeks. These nations c Empire. They reigned first in the form of a Monarchy represented by the great horn, & then this Monarchy brake into four kingdoms represented by the four horns. And at length by the fall of their power his life dominion was two 7r SrSir YOU are desired to Meet the Lords and others the Commissioners appointed by His Majesty for Building the Fifty New Churches in and about the Cities of London and Westminster, &c. on friday yethe eighth Day of this inst.instant march at eleven of the Clock in the fore noon, at the Green Door in the old Palace yard westmr. to proceed in the Executing of the Authorities, and Transacting the Affairs of the said Commission. Dated the 4th Day of march – 1716/17 William Waters, Messenger. 7v To SrSir Isaac: newton/. KtKnight To make the grandeur of the Sea of Rome ancienter then we have represenlted there has been a story framed of the a great a large don a sumptuous donation made to her by Constantine the great & of her being possest of the Alpes Cottiæ before the Lombards invaded Italy. But these are looked upon as fables & the Author above mentioned printed a Paris Author of the Historical dissertation above mentioned affirms that in the days of Pope Leo X there was extant remaining in the Vatican & till those days exposed to public view, an inscription representing in honour of Pipin the father of Charles the great commemorating, Pipinum pium primum fuisse qui amplificandæ Ecclesiæ Romanæ viam apperuerit, Exarchatu Ravennate & plurimis alijs oblatis, that Pipin the father of Charles the great the pious was the first who opened a way to the grandeur of the Church of Rome, & conferring upon her the Exarchate of Ravenna & many other oblations. In & befor the days of reign of Valentinian & Valens Gratian & Theodosius the In Ch Ch Bishop of Rome lived splendidly, but this was by the donatinons of the Roman Matrons as Ammianus describes. After those days Italy was overru invaded by barbarous forreign nations & did not get rid of them her troubles before the fall of the kingdom of the Lombards. It was certainly by the Popes victory of the Sea of Rome over the Greek Emperor the king of Lombardy & the Senate of Rome that the P she arrose to hiser greatness. And now the the Ecclesiastical Monarchy of Rome being extended over all the set up over all the west, the study of the Canons & of what else might regard the Government & Policy of theis Church Monarchy became so much in vogue that not only the Bishops but several private men made collections of the Canons & many Collections of Canons were made by bishops & others in the ninth Century, ✱✱ The tenth & eleventh century wereas a dark ages & little was done in them it. In the eleventh century School divinity began, & yethe Popes began to shake off th his subjection to the Emperor & the contest between the Pope & the Emperor began., & the Papal autho In the twelft Century the Papal authority was established above that of the Emperor School divinity began & the Popes established their Soveraignty at in Rome & became independent of the Emperor & superior to him in power & did what they pleased in Cou making Decrees & in di calling of Councils & dictating them to them, & in granting indulgencies & bringing all sorts of Appeals before them & the In the middle of this Century year 1151 Gratian published his Decretal Systeme of the Canon law called the Decretal wchwhich has ever since been in vogue & inAnd in the year 1215 – – – – – changed times & laws. And in this state the Church of Rome continued without much alteration till the Reformation of Luther drew off some nations from her. obedience Gratian in the year 1151 published his systeme of the Canon Law called the Decretal which has ever since been in vogue And in the year 1215 the first Lateran Council called a general Council comprized almost all the Co perfected the body of the Canon law in 70 articles, & brought it to that state in wchwhich it remains to this day. And thus the little horn changed times & laws 8rYah Ms Var 1/ Newton 7.3(o)Ms 7.3 Prop. 1. The 2300 P prophetick days did not commence before the rise of the little horn of the He Goat. 2 Those days did not commence after the destruction of Ierusalem & yethe Temple by the Romans A.C. 70. 3 The time times & half a time did not commence before the year 800 in wchwhich the Popes supremacy commenced 4 They did not commence after the reigne of Gregory the 7th. 1084 5 The 1290 days did not commence before the year 6842. 6 They did not commence afther the reign of Pope Greg. 7th. 1084 7 The diffencedifference between the 1290 & 1335 days are a part of the seven weeks. Therefore the 2300 years do not end before yethe year 2132 nor after 2370. The time times & half time do not end before 2060 nor after The 1290 days do not begin before 2090 nor after 1374 8v To Sr.Sir Isaac Newton

\begin{array}{r} 2670 \\ 133,5 & 133,5 \\ 13,35 & 2803,5 \\ 11214 & ({1019 \frac{1}{2}}^{gr} \\ {59 \frac{1}{2}}^{gr} \\ 2^{oz} {139 \frac{1}{2}}^{gr} \\ 1 dig. □ . & — & 2^{oz} . 5^{d} . {19 \frac{1}{2}}^{gr} \\ 2 dig □ & — & 18^{oz} 6.12 \\ 4 dig □ & — & 146.12 0 \\ 12 dig □ & — & 247^{lb} . 6^{oz} . \\ foot □ & = & 2^{C} . 23^{℔} . 6^{oz} . \\ fathom □ & = & 4 Tunns 39 . 4 \end{array}

\begin{array}{r} 133∟5 . \\ 2670 \\ 2803,5 & ({233,6 \frac{1}{4}}^{gr} \\ \begin{matrix} {934,5}^{gr} \\ {54,5}^{} \end{matrix} & (2^{oz} . {2 \frac{1}{4}}^{{dw}^{t}} \end{array}

\begin{array}{l} 80.9 ∷ 28 \\ 20.9 ∷ 7.3 \frac{3}{20} \end{array}

\begin{array}{r} 36,60 \\ 21 60 \\ 438.324 \\ 16^{oz} \\ 3942 \\ 16) & 3958 ( \\ 989 \frac{1}{2} \\ {247 \frac{3}{8}}^{℔} \end{array}

\begin{array}{r} 216 \times 5 {\frac{1}{2}}^{s} \\ 1080^{s} \\ 108 \\ 1188 \\ {59.8}^{s} \\ 2 . 23.6 \\ 12 140.4 \\ 17.842.8 \\ ) 79.58.8 \end{array}

48gr c 59gr in □ inch

= {2 \frac{1}{2}}^{{dw}^{t}}

1oz in □ 2 inch 8oz in □ 4inch 216oz in □ foot 9r To Sir Isaac Newton KntKnight These – And Ethelwolf the second Son & Sucessor of Egbert the first kings of England about the year 850 began And Ethelwolf who was the son & successor of Egbert the first kSaxon king of England & began his reign A. C. 836 & had been a Monk, gave gave Petterpence to the Pope & tyths to the Church. And now the Roman Catholic Church was established in all the Empire West. In the year 742 Luitprand king of the Lombards at the sollicitation of Pope Zachary restored four towns wchwhich he had taken from the Pope about three years before & made a league wthwith him for 20 years, & gave him also the Patrimonium Sabinense & Anconiatanum & & Auximate & Humanate & the valley of Sutrium & I think atlso the Alpes Cottiæ. For he had taken away from the Pope the Patrim Alpes Cottiæ & the Patrimonium Sabinense thirty years before I Aripert king of the Lombards is said to have given the Alpes Cottiæ to St Peter for a Patrimony A. C. 706. his successor Luiprand king the Lombards A.C. 713 took from yethe Pope these Alpes Cottiæ & the Patrimonium Sabinense & A. C. 739 he took from the Romans these four towns, Ameria, Orta, Polimartium & Bleda some towns four or five towns from the Dukedome of Rome. And A. C. 7432 he restored what he had taken away & made a league with the Pope for 20 years & gave him also [the Patrimonium Sabinense Anconitanum, & Auximate & Humanate &] the Valley of Sutreium & some other lands for a Patrimony to St Peter. His successor Luitprand A: C. 713 took them back, & at the same time he took back also the patrimonium Sabinense from the Pope. And A. C. 739 he took also four or five towns from the Dukedom of Rome. But A. C. 742 he restored what he had taken away & made a league with the Pope for 20 years & gave him also the valley of Sutrium & some other lands for a patrimony to St Peter. – & thereby the Roman Eagle became two-headed. And Offa king of the Mercians & West Saxons in Brittain gave b ordeined about the same time that every house in his kingdom should pay the like tribute of a penny per an' to the Pope. And Ethelwolph the son & Successor of Egbert exteneded this tax to all England, & ordeined also that tyths should be given to the Clergy. This therefore the age in wchwhich TPeterpence & Tyths were given to the Pope & Clergy. In yethe year 796, Leo III being made Pope – – And he assisted the Pope in procuring the same grant from the Saxon kings in Brittain. [The Roman Catholic religion was planted here by the Augustine the Monk the Popes Legate &] For Pope Adrian in the year 786 sent two Legates into Britain with twenty Canons to be received by the Churches of the Saxons which had been planted by Austin the Monk, & Charles the great for promoting their business sent an Abbot with them. Some of those Canons were It set him up above the judicature of the Roman Senate & even above the all humane judicature & gave him the supremacy inover the western Churches & their Councils in in as high degree. It gave him a look more stout then his fellows so that at lengthe when this new religion was sufficiently established in the minds of men he began to grapple with kings & even with the Emperor himself. Yet the Senate of Rome by endeavouring to recover her liberty gave him frequent trouble for a long time but at length ceased. T TBefore these days the northern nations who had invaded the western Empire differed from him – in his hand in religion & were converted to thise Roman Catholic religion by degrees. All Germany differed from him in religion till they were conquered by Charles the great. But bBy those conquests & the making of Charles Emperor they became a body part of the body of the Beast. ABefore these days The Woman might fly from the Temple of God into the wilderness of Arabia before those days & continues in her flight throught the Wilderness till she arrived at the great city Babylon. She But before the conversion of the western kingdoms & conques conquest of Germany & the conversion of the western nations & kingdoms She did not begin to reign over the great city Babylon nor to sit upon all the many waters over which which were to compose the body of her Beast. & It was by the conquests & coronation of Charles, & the conversion of the western nations to the Church of Rome, & yethe donations of tyths & Peterpence & the oath coronation of Charles Emperor of the Romans & his coronation oath to maintain the Church of Rome in her grandeur & the Popes becoming Lord of Rome It was I say by these things that the Woman arrived at the the great city wchwhich was he the great city Babylon which was her place in the wilderness & swhere she was to be fed & nourished & got upon the back of her Beast & they began to act in conjunction with him in A one another. him. And now being exalted above kings & b declared above all humane judicature by a Council with the approbation of the Emperor above all humane judicature & the supreme Iudge over all the Churches theis little horn has reigned ever since with a peculiar soul & a look more stout then her fellows, & by establishing the worship of images, canonizing Saints to be invockated, granting iIndulgences, & Pardons, absolving men from vows & oaths, ascribing vertues & power to things consecrated introducing & establishing the doctrine of transubstantiation wchwhich is sorcery & the adoration of every consecrated wafers as a God, & by his Decrees prescribing in her Decrees what laws he & opinions Doctrines she pleases to the Churches she has been changing times & laws & they have ever since hiser rising up & conquestring of the three kings, been given into hiser hands, & by hiser great power she has ever since been able to make war with the saints & weare them out, & the Woman who who reigns in Babylon is become drunken with their blood. The northern nations who had invaded the western Empire differed from the Pope in religion a long time & were converted to his religion by degrees. All Germany And now the Woman having conquered subdued the city where she was to reign & being arrived at hiser place where she was to reign over thof dominion over this city & over the kings of the earth & declared above all h th this little female horn hasd 9v Marcelline in his Chronicle tells us, Hierio et Ardaburio Coss. Indic. X, Pannoniæ quæ per quinquaginta annos retineba ab Hunnis retinebantur a Romanis receptæ sunt. And Iornandes in Get. c. 32. Duodecimo anno regni Valiæ quand Hunni a Romanis et Gothis post pene quinquaginta annos invasa Pannonia a Romanis et Gothis expulsi sunt. But here is some mistake. Valia dreigned but three years & died in the year 5419 & In this year the Visi At this time Valia or the Visigoths had nothing to do with Pannonia, the Ostrogoths were subject to the Hunns, Va the Hunns were in g Whence it sho 11. These ten kingdoms being rent away we are next to consider the residue of the western Empire. While the it con this Empire continued entire it was the Beast himself, but what remains is but a part of him. And if this part be considered as a horn the reign of this horn may be dated from the translation of Rhætia was sometimes infested by the Alemans & Sueves, but Theodosius After the erecting of these kingdoms the Alemans & Suevians wchwhich remained in Germany we invaded & conquered Rhætia in the reign of the Emperor Maximus A. C. 455, the Heruli who invaded Italy came first out out from of Germany into yethe Empire before the yea at the fall of the Western Cæsars, A. C. 4756 being then invited out of Germany by some a party of Italians. Rhætia was under their dominion & descended from them to the Ostrogoths [& afterwards was conquered by the Lombards.] In the reign of Martian the Emperor, that is, between the years 450 & 456, the Saxons under Hengist & Horsa were called in by the Britains & assisted them for a while but six years after revolted & made war upon them. These are the kingdoms into which the Latine empire was rent at its first breaking Afterwards some other new one arose. The Alemans & Suevians wchwhich remained in Germany, invaded & conquered – – – – war upon them. But the tenn horns are so called from their number at their first rise. And if the kingdom of the Alans in Spain by reason of its very shortnes duration, be omitted, you will have just tenn. These are the kingdoms into which the Latine Empire was rent at its first breaking. Afterwards some other new ones arose. The Alemans & Suevians had a kingdom in Germany bordering upon LGallia & Rhætia, wchwhich sometimes made incursions into Rhætia & was overthrown & conquered by Clodovæus king of he Franks in or about the year 499, & its people then fled into the the neighbouring kingdom of the Ostrogoths under Theoderic. But Vpon the death of Valentinian the second, these A. C. 4565 these Alemans & Suevians of Germany invaded Rhætia but were repulsed & Gallia, but two yeares after, while they were depopulating Rhætia, they were overcome by Burto the master of the hosshorse to yethe Emperor Majoranus. And &Afterwards Rhætia was subject first to the first to Heruli & then to the Ostrogoths all the Odoacer king of the Heruli & then to OdoacerTheoderic king of the Ostrogoths all the time that they reigned in Italy, & being descended to them from the western Emperors. And Rhætia belonged to the Western Emperors so long as that Empire stood & then it descended to the Odoacer king of the Heruli in Italy & after him to Theoderic Athalaric Theodatus Witiges & Totilas kings of the Ostrogoths & his successors. Vpon the death of the Emperor Valentinian the second A. C. 455 the Alemans & Suevians invaded Rhætia, but I do not find that they erected any standing kingdom there. For after two yearesin the year 457 while they were yet depopulating Rhætia they were attaqued & beaten overcome beaten by the Em Burto the Master of the horse to the Emperor Theodosius Majoranus. & of Yet th & I heare nothing more of themir in invading Rhætia. Yet there was a kingdom of Suevians Alemans & Suevians & other in Germany bordering upon Rhætia & the Rhene which was conquered by Clodovæus king of France in or about the year 499 & their last king Ermeric slain was then slain But this kingdom was seated in Germany & only bordered upon Rhætia For its people fled from Clodovæus into the neighbouring kingdom of the Ostrogoths under Theoderic. And Theoderic received them as friends & wrote a friendly Letter to Clodovæus in their favour; & by this means they became inhabitants of Rhetia under the dominion of the Ostrogoths. I have now numbred all the kingdoms into wchwhich the Empire became divided at its first breaking. And if the kingdom of the Alans in Spain by reason of its short continuance & its coalescing with the kingdom becoming one kingdom with that of the Vandals (for the kings of the Vandals stiled themselves kings of the Vandals & Alans) be omitted you will have the number tenn. For the kings of the Vandals stiled themselves kings of the Vandals & Alans, as may be seen in Victors history of the Vandalic persecution The When the Greek Emperor conquered the Ostrogoths, he succeeded them in the kingdom of Ravenna not only by right of conquest but also by right of inheritance the Roman Senate wchwhich had a still going along with this kingdom & therefore we may reccon this kingdom still continued in the Exarchs of Ravenna [till the year 743.] & sSenate of Rome.