Fragment on Daniel and Revelation (section 7.3l) Isaac Newton c. 9,743 words The Newton Project Oxford 2020 Newton Project, University of Oxford

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 c. 1675-80, in English with some Latin and Greek, c. 9,743 words, 20 pp. on 11 ff. 20 pp. on 11 ff.

in English with some Latin and Greek

 Fragment on Athanasius and the corruption of the true Church (section 7.3m) [Yahuda Ms. 7.3m]Yahuda Ms. 7'Sect. VI. Of the last horn of the He-Goat' (section 7.3k) [Yahuda Ms. 7.3k] Yahuda Ms. 7.3l, National Library of Israel, Jerusalem, Israel IsraelJerusalemNational Library of Israel Yahuda MSS Yahuda Ms. 7.3l SL245 + ?

SL245, described in the Sotheby catalogue as c. 300,000 words on 975 pp., was bought at the Sotheby sale by Gabriel Wells for £48 and sold to Yahuda on 1 Aug. 1936 for the sale price plus 15%. On 24 May 1949, Yahuda wrote to the London dealer Heinrich Eisemann, 'As to lot 245 the new arrangement and replacement of the pages resulted in 1,530 pages instead of 975 pages as many pages had to be taken out from other lots. But for this manuscript I have a customer who wants to pay a much higher price than $3,800 suggested by you.' If this was true, the prospective buyer's desire to part with his or her cash presumably waned. There must subsequently have been further reordering of the manuscript as the present Yahuda Ms. 7 amounts to nowhere near 1,530 pp.

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 c. 1675-80 England English Latin Greek Holograph Religion Hannah Muhajarinebegan tagged transcription Niki Black started checking against the manuscript Niki Black finished checking against the manuscript Checking begun by Robert Ralley. Checking completed by Robert Ralley.
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For Iosephus tells us that Ch Herod reigned from the time 34 34 years after he slew Antigonus & 36 but years & 37 years after he obteined yethe Kingdom by of the Romans. Now he slew Antigonus & when he took Ierusalem at yethe that is in in in yethe the th Sabbattical y I. P. in summer Iune, in I. P. 4677 I. P. 4677, in yethe sapbbatical year, in the 185t Olympiad, in yethe Consulship of Agrippa & Gallus in the sabbatical year, in the 3d month in the fast (as Iosephus relates) that is in Iune I. P. 4677 & he was made king by the Romans three years before, & in yethe Consulship of Calvinus & Pollio, & 184th OlypiadOlympiad (as Iosephus also relates) & by consequence in the I. P. 4674 before midsummer., Now I. P. 4674. Now he died on yethe 7th day of the month Cisleu, (as yethe the Iews note tin their Calendar, lately printed at Oxford,,) that is in about the end of November or December., & his death was preceded b He fell sick before an eclips of yethe moon wchwhich happened a little before yethe Passover, & during his sickness went to the bath, inmprisoned yethe nobles of yethe Iews, & burnt yethe Phriarieses & then died;. Now this eclips happened All this he did not between yethe Eclips & yethe Passover ,( Iosephus affirms not that) but all in before yethe winter following. Now this eclips fell on March 13, I. P. 4710, as Astronomers compute. And therefore Herod reigned died either in yethe mwinter following when he had reigned 37 yeasrs incomplesincomplete from yethe death of Antigonus & 34 from yethe death of taking of Ierusalem or in the ne winter after that when those years were more then complete, wthwith besides some months over.

The first ope of these two cases ifs favoured by these arguments. First Thirdly Archelaus the Son & Successor of Herod in Iudæa reigned nine years & in the 10th (saith Iosephus Antiq. l. 17. c. 11 .& Excid. l. 2. c. 11 was banished into Gallia & & & he was banished saith Dio in yethe consulship of Lepidus & Arruncius, that is I. P. 4719. If he was banished in yethe end of this year his banishment might fall in yethe begenning of his 10th year. Whence heis reign could not begin later then I. P. 4710. Secondly Lastly Philip the son of Herod (saith Iosephus Antiq. l. 18, c. 6) reigned 37 years & died in yethe 20th year of Tiberius, that is, I. P. 4747, before September. If the Subduct 37 years were incomplete they & yethe beginning of his reign may fall on November I.P 4710 but not on yethe November following. Thirdly Secondly Archelaus yethe son of Herod newly dead, after he had quieted a sedition in yethe feast of yethe Passover, went to Rome to get his Father's last will & the Kingdom confirmed to him by the consent of Augustus; & there saw Caius Cæsar the nephew of Augustus sitting in yethe first place in Council (Ioseph. Antiu. l. 17, c. 11) & Caius yet its certain by Roman history that Caius went from Rome before yethe end of the Iul I. P. 4711, & never returned thither any more. First Iosephus puts yethe death of Herod not long after yethe eclips, & before yethe passover of yethe next year there was no eclips to shorten the time for him to reccon from.

The second case may seem to be favoured by these arguments Io First Iosephus Some would have Ioseph Some contend but not fairly that Iosephus is inconsistent wthwith with himself where he tells us that Antipater the father of Herod assisted Iulius2v I. Iulius Cæsar in his war in Egypt & thereupon was made Procurator of Iudea by Cæsar, & made his son Herod Prefect of Galile: at wchwhich time his sHerodon saith Iosephus was very young, being but 15 or (as others read) 25 years old. The war in Egypt was in yethe end of I autumn I. yethe en autumn I. P. 4666, & Herod died saith Iosephus about 70 years yethe 70th year of his age. [Subduct 25 from 70 & the residue 45 add to 4666 & the death of Herod will fall upon yethe in in the end of I. P 4711. Yet if] Suppose now that Herod was 26 aged full 25 years complete old & some months over more when he was made pPrefect of Galile, & deied when he as many months were run of thise 70th year of his age & the difference will be 344 years. Add these to I. P. 4666 & the life of Herod will end inwthwith I. P. 4710 as above. So you see Iosephus is in all things very consistent wthwith consonant to himself.

The birth of Christ therefore being in the days of Herod if it was upon the 25t of Ianuary, fell upon yethe end of I. P. 4709, or (because that was but a fanstcy) & conjecture) if wthwith some Christians who were ancienter then Clemens Alexandrinus (Strom. l. 1) you place it in yethe spring May or the end of April 20 or 21 or May (for that was a more likely time for the Iews to travell to Ierusalem to be taxed & for Shepherds to watch their flocks all night in yethe feilds & for yethe Virgin Mary in child birth & her new born son to belodge in a stable wthoutwithout a fire) it fell upon in neare yethe beginning middle of I. P. 4710, almost four years three years & a half before yethe vulgar account. ✱ The wisemen – – ✱ The s Luk The birth of Christ I may be placed in summer because Luke tells us that when the] I ✱ The wisemen came while Ioseph & Mary were yet in a journey at Nazareth to a str strange city in a journey in a journey & by consequence before Mary was well enough to return home. The slaughter of yethe infants agrees best wthwith the time of Herods sickness wherein he exercised his greatest cruelties. Luke tells us that wehen the days of the purification of the virgofin Mary wer (that is yethe 40 days after Christs bitrth) were ended, & tshee ceremonies of the law at the end of that time were fulfilled & Ioseph at yethe end of that time had performed all things according to yethe law, they returned into Galilee to their own city Nazareth, Luc 32.39. This returning to Nazareth was not till after yethe death of Herod & therefore the birth of Christ was but a few little before Heosrod's death. For the intermediate journey of Ioseph into Egypt was so short that Luke passes it over Matthew thells us that they went first into Egypt till Herod was dead & then returned into Galilee Nazareth: but it seems yethe journey into Egypt was so short that Luke reccons it not. And for this reason I would place the birth of Christ but a little before not only in the last year of Herod's reign but even within a few months of Herod's death; suppose in the summer before.

The chief objection against this opinion is that it makes Christ 32 years old at least oron when he was baptized, contrary to yethe Gospel of Luke. But yethe answer is easy. For Luke sdoth not say that Christ was then 30 years old, but about 30 years odld. He deoes not tell you his age accurately, but puts in in yethe nearest round number.

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Out of yethethis kingdom of Asia the northern arose the kingdom of Pergamus wchwhich at first was a very little one then by the assistance of the Romans took almost all the greatest part of Asia minor from Antiochus magnus king of Syria, afterwards astsisted the Romans in conquering Perseus, & then by yethe last will & testament of Attalus its king was inherited by the Romans, & in their power & conduct became mighty & extended it self eastward southward into Egypt & eastward into Syria & Palestine, & in the reign of in the reign of Tiberius put yethe messiah to death & in that of Vespasian took away they daily sacrifice of yethe Iews & cast down their sanctuary &c & persecuted the Christians & at lēength separated from the Romans & became the Greek empire seat at Constantinople. And this answers to yethe little horn which in the latter time of yethe kingdom of the four horns was to come out of one of them & were exceeding great to be mighty but not by his own power & wax exceeding great towards the south & towards the east & towards yethe pleasandt land, & magnify himself waxed great even to yethe Prince of yethe Host &of heaven & to yethe Prince of yethe host & cast down take away the daily sacrifice & cast & cast down the stars & magnified himself to yethe Prince of yethe host & cast down yethe place of his sanctuary, & practise & prosper destroy the holy people & prosper & practise, & stand up against the Prince of Princes.

This Empire being monarchical & of long continuance & contenining justly precisely the whole body of yethe Goat, deservesd as much to be reprehsented by the last horn of the Goat as the kingdom of Alexander did to be represented by the first great horn wchwhich grew between yethe Goats eyes. While The Goat This Prophesy was for many days at least 230 reahches to yethe time of at least 2300 that is for so many years: it reaches to the time of yethe end & the Goat is still in being as are all Daniels Beasts & to this day it signifies the nations of the Greek Empire. And therefore that empire while in a monarchical form was a horn of yethe Goat & a very the most considerable of all the horns & there is nothing bututeen as was yethe Goats last horn & there is nothing but that horn to represent it & so ought to be represented. & aso was the Goats last horn. It answers exactly to the last ytthat horn of the Goat & there is nothing but that horn to represent it. & ought not to want a representation & there is nothing but that horn to represent it. If

If you think it improper to represent the nations of yethe Greek Empire by a dist distinct horn irsn yethe time of yethe Roman Empire their subjection to yethe Romans, you are to consider that horns signify are not limited to monarchies but signify kingdoms as well united as distinct. signify not only single monarchies but also several kingdoms united under one monarch. kingdoms as well united under one common monarch as separate under several monarchs. So the two horns of the Ram signify the kingdoms of Media & Persia under one common king & the twoten horns wester eastern & Northern horn of yethe Ram Goat signify yethe kingdoms of Syria & Asia as well sometimes under one monarch as king sometimes under several. The Goat signifies the four headed kingdom of yethe Greeks as well united to yethe Romans as separate from them: & when yethe Goat signifies that kingdōom its not improper to represent it also by th a horn of yethe Goat. The Romans when they inherited the kingdom of Pergamus did not breake of or destroy a horn of the Goat but possest it. By the last will & testament of Attalus They succeeded Attalus him in yethe throne of his kingdom & reaigned in his stead. They were king of Pergamus till they lost that kingdom by the separation of yethe Greek Empire from the Latin. So far was the union of the Greeks & Latins from being an objection that it was necessary to make good the Prophesy, concerning this horn. For Daniel saith that it should be mighty but not by its own power. Which is as much as to say that in the time of its greatness it should be mighty but not be by its conjunction wthwith of wthwith another power greater then superior to its own. not act apart by its own power but be mighty by another power superior to its own.

Pharamond succeeded Theodemer & soon after had seats granted to his nation neare the Rhene. And now the Barbarians were all quieted & setled in several kingdoms within the Empire not only by conquest but also by the grants3v grants of yethe Emperor Honorius. For Rutilius in his Itinerary written in autum anno Vrbis 1169 that is according to Varros computation then in V use A. C 416 when he had first thus lamentiesndg yethe &c late desolations of yethe countries of Gallia in this verse

Illa quidem longis nimium deformia bellis. then adds Iam tempus laceris post longa incendia fundis Vel pastorales ædificare casas. And a little after Æternum tibi Rhenus aret —

And Orosius in yethe end of his history wchwhich was finished A. C. 417 expresses theise represents a general pacification of yethe barbarous nations by yethe words comprimere coangustare addicere gentes immanissimas terming them Imperio addictas because they had obteined seats in yethe IEmpire by leage & compact & coangustatas because they did no longer invade all reionsregions at pleasure but by yethe same league, & compact they were peaceably restrained remained quiet & compact remained quiet witinwithin the Em seats granted them.

Thus was the western Empire by various wars of 6 or 8 years continuance divided into various ten many kingdoms & those kingdoms setled in peace in their several in seats granted them by the

Now by the wars above described the western Empire was broken into the ten fokingdoms following.

1 The kingdom of yethe{1 Vandals2 2 Suevians3 3 Alans in Spain4 5 Allans in France5 The kingdoms of yethe6 Burgundians6 8 Brittains7 7 Franks8 4 Visigoths9 8 Hunns10 The kingdom of yethe10 Romans

Eight of these kingsdoms are thus mentioned by Sigonius 1 Honorio regnante, in Pannoniāam 2 Hunni in Hispaniam 3 Vandali 4 Alani 5 Suevi et 6 Gothi, in Galliam 7 Alani 8 Burgundionus & 6 Gothi certis sedibus permissis accepti. Add yethe Franks & Britains & you have yethe tenn. But let us view them severally.

1 The kings of yethe Vandals were A. C. 408 Gunderic yethe successor of Godgilus, 426 Geiseric 477 Hunaeric 484 Gundemund. 496 Thrasamund. 523 Hilderic 531 Gelimer. Gunderic A. C. 409 let them into Spain & Geiseric A. C 427 into Afric & & Gelimer was taken by Belisarius A. C. 533. In Afric they were very potent Their kingdom according stood in Spain & aAfric together 123 years & 7 months.

2 The Kings of yethe Suevians were – – – Bætica & the Carthaginensian Province. This kingdom lasted 177 years & then was subdued by Leovigildus king of yethe Visigoths, & made a Province of his kingdom

3 The Kings of yethe Alans in Spain were A. C. 4089 Resplendial & 416 Ataces Vtacus or Othacar. Resplendial began his reign in France A. C. 408 & the next year led his people into Spain. Ataces was slain A. C. 419 by with allmost all his army by Vallia king of yethe Visigoths. Whereupon theyse Alans subjected themselves to Gunderic king of the Vandals in Bætica, but the next year withdrew being impatient of subjection fell off from him & returned to the Carthaginensian Province & Lusitania where they lived without a kingd alone tributary to yethe Romans in a kind of common wealth without a king & about yethe year 448 made war upon the Romans in Carpentania & yethe Cathaginensian province & wasted their cities but were soon checkt by the Rechila king of the Suevians. Their kingdom while it stood was the most potent in Spain, & after it fell their people remained where it had stood & being mixed wthwith yethe Chatti gave the name of Cathaloaunia (i. e. Catti-Alania) to yethe province wchwhich is still so called, & of Alanqueran to

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4 tThe Kings of yethe Visigoths were A. C. 408 Alaric 410 Athaulphus 415 Sergeric 415 Vallia 419 Theoderic 451 Thorismund 452 Theoderic &c Alaric was a sujbject of yethe Empire till he came out of Epire. I date his reign from yethe time of his rebellion A. C. 408. In the end – – – – – ever since.

5 The Kings of yethe Alans in Gallia were Goar Sambida Eocharic Sangibanus, Beurgus &c Vnder Goar they had seats given neare yethe Rhene A. C. 412 Vnder Sambida (whom

Vpon this victory of yethe Romans, the Franks & rebelling Galls who in yethe time of Theudemer had be made war were in war were enem united to strengthen themselves: of wchwhich Ordericus Vitalis makes this mention Cum Galli prius contra Romanos rebellassent Franci ijs sociati sunt; et pariter juncti Ferramundum Sunnonis DucisApud Bucherūum (14 c. 9. n. 8) filium sibi regem præfecerunt. Whence Prosper: Anno 25 Honorij Pharamundus regnat in Francia. This Bucher well refers to the end of yethe year 416th or beginning of yethe 17year 417 dating these years of Honorius from yethe death of Valentinian, & argues well that – – – Romans

9 The kings of the Hunns were A. C. 408 Octar & Rugila 433 Bleda & Attila. Octar & Rugila were the brothers of Munzuc king of the Huns in Gothia beyond the Danube & Bleda & Attila his sons. The two first Iornandes tells us were kings of the Hunns but not of them all & had the two last for their successors. The founding of this kingdome under the two first A. C. 408 is thus described by Sigonius: Constat quod Gothis ex Illyrico profectis Hunni successerunt atque imprimis Pannoniam tenuerunt. Neque enim Honorius viribus ad resistendum – – – memoratur. How Ætius was Hostage first to yethe Goths & then to yethe Hunns is mentioned related by Frigeridus who when he had mentioned that Theodosius Emperor of yethe east sent grievou grievous commands to Iohn who after the death of Honorius in usurped the crown of yethe western empire, he subjoyns, Iis permotus Ioannes Ætium id temporis curam palatij gerentem cum ingenti auri pondere ad Chunnos transmisit notos sibi obsidiatûs sui tempore & familiari amicitia devinctos — And a little after: Ætius tribus annis Alaria obses, dehinc Chunnorum, posthæc Carpilionis gener ex Comite domesticorum & Ioannis Cura palatij. Now Bucher shews that Ætius was hostage to Alaric till yethe year 410 when Alaric died & to the Hunns between yethe years 411 & 415 & son in law to Carpilio about the year 417 or 418 & Curopalates to Iohn about yethe year 423 Whence its probable ytthat ab he became hostage to the Hunns about yethe year 413 when Honorius made peace leagues wthwith almost all bthe barbarous nations & granted them seats. Its further manifest out of Prosper that yethe Hunns were in quiet possession of Pannonia in yethe year 432. For in yethe 1st book of Eusebius's Chronicle he writes Anno 10mo post obitum Honorij cum ad Chunnorum gentem cui tunc Rugiula preæerat post prœlium cum Bonifacio se Ætius contulisset impetrato auxilio ad Romanorum solum regreditur. And in yethe 2d book Ætio & Valerio Coss: Ætius desposita potestate profugus ad Hunnos in Pannonia pervenit quorum amicitia auxilioque usus pacem principum interpellatæ potestatis obtinuit. Hereby it is manifest that at this time Rugula reigned over the Hunns in Pannonia & that Pannonia was not now so much accounted within yethe soile of yethe Empire being formerly granted away to yethe Hunns before; & that these were the very same Hunns wthwith wchwhich Ætius had in the time of his being their an hostage contracted friendship4vship: by vertue of wchwhich as he sollicited them before to yethe aid of Iohn the Tyrant A. C. 424 so he now he procured their intercession for himself wthwith the Emperor. Octar died A. C. 430 for Socrates tells us that about that time the Burgundians having been newly vext by the Hunns upon intelligensce of Octars death seing them wthoutwithout a leader set upon them suddelnly wthwith so great success ytthat 300 Burgundians slew 10000 Of Rugilla's (or as Maximus calls him Rechilla) being k left now king in Pannonia you have heard already. He died A. C. 433 & was succeeded by Bleda as Prosper & Maximus inform us. This Bleda wthwith his brother Attila were before this time kings of the Hunns beyond yethe Danube their father Munzuc's kingdom being divided between them, & now upon they united the kingdom of Pannonia to their own. Whence Paulus Diaconus saith they did Regnum intra Pannonias Daciamque gerere. In yethe year 441 they began to invade yethe Empire afresh adding to the Pannonian forces new & great armies out of Scythia: but this war was presently composed & then Attila seing Bleda inclined to peace slew him A. C. 444, & inherited his dominions & invaded the Empire afresh. And now I suppose it was that he brought yethe Ostrogoths over the Rh Danube & set Valamir Theodemir & Videmir captains over them. At length After various great wars with the Romans Attila perished A. C. 454 & his sons quarrelling about sharing his dominions gave occasion to yethe Gepides Ostrogoths & other nations who served them to rebell & make war upon them & the same year the Ostrogoths had seats granted them in Pannonia by the Emperors Marcian & Valentian & soon after the together with the Romans soon after the death of Attila (as all historians agree) ejected the Hunns out of Pannonia. This ejection was to the reign of Avitus as is mentioned in yethe Chronicum Boiarum & in Sidonius carm. 7 in Avitum wchwhich speaks thus of that Emperor

—Cujus solum amissas post sæcula multa Pannonias revocavit iter, jam credere promptum est Quid faciet bellis.

The Poet means that by this coming of Avitus the ques of the Hunns yeilded more easily to yethe Goths. This was written by Sidonius in the beginning of the reign of Avitus & his reign began in yethe end of the year 455 & lasted not one full year.

Iornandes writes tells us Duodecimo anno regni Valiæ post pene quinquaginta annos invasa Pannonia, Hunni a Romanis & Gothis expulsa sunt. And this Marcellinus taking to be Valia or Wallis the King of the Visigoths this action to yethe Consulship of Hierius & Ardabanes wchwhich was 427. Whence it should follow that the Hunns invaded & held from yethe year 378 or 379. But this is a plain mistake for that Theodosius left the Empire entire. And we have shewed out of Prosper that yethe Hunns were in quiet possession of Pannonia in the year 432. Nor did Vallia king of yethe Visigoths reign 12 years. thHe began his reigne in yethe end of the year 415 reigned three years & was slain A. C. 419, as Idatius Isidorus & yethe Spanish manuscripmanuscript Chronicles seen by Grotius testify & Olympiodorus who produces his history but to yethe year 425 sets down therein the death of this Visigothic Vallia & conjoyns it also with that of Constantius whoich happened A. C. 420. Wherefore the Vallia of Iornandes who reigned at least 10 years is some other king. And I take it to be the name to be written corruptly for Valamir king of yethe Ostrogoths. & For yethe action recorded was of yethe Ostrogoths expelling driving the Hunns out out of Pannonia & so it is not likely tohat b yethe Historian would computte yethe o worite refer yethe history of yethe Ostrogoths to yethe years of yethe Visigothic kings. This action happened in in A. C. 435 yethe years years end of the year reign of Avitus A. C. 455 (wchwhich I take to be yethe 12th year of Valamir in Pannonia) & F that year was & wchwhich was almost 50 years after yethe year 408 wherein yethe in which invasion of Pannonia by yethe Hunns invaded yethe deserted seats of yethe Goths in Pannonia A. C. 408 year 408 in wchwhich yethe Hunns invaded Pannonia.

Yet the Hunns were not fu wholly so ejected; but that they had further struggles contests wthwith yethe Romans till yethe head of Denfix yethe son of Attila A. C. 469 Zemann (in yethe Consulship of Zeno & Marcian as Marcelline relates) was carried to Consstantinople Sigonius tells us that Nor were they yet totaly ejected the Empire. For besides their reliques in Pannonia, Sigonius tells us that when yethe Emperors Marcian & Valentinian when they granted Pannonia to yethe Goths (viztvidelicet A. C. 454), they granted some part of Illyricum to some of yethe Hunns & Sarmatans & in yethe year 526 – – – – – – – – – – – by contraction Hungary.

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Stilico twheo commanded yethe forces of the Latin or Western Emperor designing to gain the Eastern Empire to himself pretended pretended

The Visigoths to whom had Theodosius yethe great had granted seats in yethe Eastern part of the Empire after yethe death of yethe Emperor rose up in arms made Alaric their king Captain & troubled that part of yethe Empire for about five years together & then coming into advancing towards yethe western Empire he was so soundly beaten by Stilico yethe commander of yethe forces of ytthat western Empire & that Stilico Claudian called yethe remainder of his forces tanta ex gente reliquias breves & Prudentius gentem deletam. wThereupon Alaric submitted being so far humbled ytthat Orosius tells us that he did pro pace optima et quibuscunque sedibus suppliciter & simpliciter orare. Not long after Stilico designing to get yethe Empire favoured the Goths underhand, for his use, & & after a while some time procured a military prefecture for Alaric & sent him into yethe East in yethe service of Honorius yethe western Emperor, committing some Roman troops to his conduct amongst his gGoths & promising to follow soon after with his own army. His pretence was to recover some regions of Illyricūum wchwhich yethe Eastern Emperor was accused to detein injuriously from yethe western but his secret designe was to make himself Emperor of yethe east: for facilitingfacilitating of wchwhich he invited a great body of barbarous nations out of Germany & Sarmatia to divert the western empire by an invasion. Whereupon those nations under several kings, the Vandals under Godegiseilus, the Alans under & Chatter in two bodies one under Goar the other under Resplendial, the Suevi under Ermeric & the Burgundians under Gundicar in yethe end of A. C. 407 arising from their seats in Germany & Sarmatia, first make an impression ruff advance towards yethe Rhene Empire ruffle the Franks beyond yethe Rhene, & on yethe last day of nDecember pass yethe Rhene at Ments & diffuse themselves into Germania prima & yethe adjacent regions & amongst other actions yethe Vandals take Trevirs. Then they advanced into Belgium & began to do yethe like there ruffle that country. Whereupon the Salian Franks (a German nation whom the Emperors had sometime before recived into yethe Empire & placed as subjects in that part of Belgium wchwhich lies between Brabant & yethe Rhene) took up arms & made so stout a resistance that they slew almost twenty thousand of yethe Vandals wthwith their king Godegisilus in battel, the rest escaping only by a party of Resplendials Alans wchwhich came timely to their assistance. Then Resplendial seing this disaster & that Goar was fallen away to yethe Romans left yethe coasts of yethe Rhene & together wthwith yethe Suevians & residue of yethe Vandals went towards Spain the Franks in yethe mean while prosecuting their victory so far as to retake Trevirs, wchwhich after they had plundred they left to yethe Romans. The barbarians were at first stopt by yethe Pyrenean mountains wchwhich made them diffuse themselves into Aquitain, but the next year they had yethe passage betrayed to them & entring Spain 4 Kal Octob. every one conquered there what he could & & at length A. C. 411 to avoyd wars wthwith one another they divided their conquests by lot & y A & yethe Vandals obteined Bætica & part of Gallæcia, the Suevians yethe rest of Gallæcia & yethe Alans Lusitania & the Carthaginensian province, the Emperor for peace sake confirming them in those seats by grant A. C. 413.

In the mean time the British soldiers allarum'd by yethe rumour of these things revolt A. C. 408 & set up Tyrants there, first Marcus whom they slew presently then Gratian whom they slew within 4 four months & lastly Constantine under whom they invaded Gallia (A. C. 408). And Constantine having8r having possest a good part of Gallia created his son Constans Cæsar & sent him into Spain to order his affairs there: about wchwhich time it was that the barbarianous invaders nations were let into Spain by some of the soldiers of Constans betraying yethe Pyrenean passage to them.

Also The Roman Franks also above mentioned, having made Theudemer the Prince of their old royal family king over them began streight after their conquests of yethe Vandals to invade their neighbours. The first they set upon were the Galli Galls of Brabant [Galli Abrborici unde Arboric-bant, Brachbant] but meeting wthwith notable resistance they desired their alliance. And so those Galls falling off from yethe Romans, they two nations made an intimate league to be as one people marrying wthwith one another & conforming to one anothers manners till they became one wthoutwithout distinction. Thus by the access of these nations Galls & of the forreign Francks also who afterward came over the Rhene, the salian kingdom soon grew very great & powerfull.:

About the same time Stilico's expedition against yethe Greek Emperor being stopt by yethe order of Honorius, Alaric came out of Epire into Noricūum & requested demanded a summ of money for his service. The Senate were inclined to deny him but by Stilico's mediation granted it. bBut after a while Stilico being detected of a traiterous conspiracy wthwith Alaric & slain 10 Kal Sept. A. C. 408, & so Alaric disappointed of his money & reputed an enemy to yethe Empire he turned rebel & brake streight into Italy wthwith his army wchwhich he brought out of Epire & sent to his brother Adaulphus to follow him wthwith what other forces he had in Pannonia wchwhich were not great but yet not to be despised. & wThereupon this Honorius fearing to be shut up in Rome retired to Ravenna in October A. C. 408 & from that time Ravenna continued to be the seat of yethe western Emperors. T At the same time the Hunns as which on rose from their seats in also invaded Pannonia & seizing the deserted seats of yethe Goths founded a new kingdom there.

Then Alaric beseiged Rome almost two years & took it A. C. 410, took it & burnt part of it & attempting to pass into Afric was shipwrackt. T After wchwhich Honorius made peace wthwith him

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7 The kings of the Franks were A. C. 408 Theudemir 44716 Pharamund 428 Clodio 448 Merovæus 456 Childeric 482 Clodovæus &c Of the four first there is this record – – – – covenant. And this I suppose was the cause that Roman writers recconed him the first king – – – – mistaken. You heard above that yethe Salique laws were made in this kings reign – – – till they mixed wthwith the Romans. Also the Preface to the salique laws (written soon after the conversion of yethe Franks to yethe Christian religion wchwhich that is about 100 or 120 years after the founding of this kingdom) in yethe end onf the reign of Merovæus or soon after.) speaks makes thius mentions of the original of this kingdom to be by rebellion not by invasion Hæc eninm gens quae fortis dum esset & robore valida Romanorum jugum durissimum de suis cervicibus excussit pugnando &c. [So then this kingdom was erected by rebellion not by invasion.] Yet some some from Prospers calling their dominion Francia – – – recovered all

In the last year of Pharamunds reign Ætius took from him a part of his possession in Gallia but his successor Clodio (whom Fredegarius puts the Son of Theudemir & some call Clogio Cloio & Claudius.) recovered all recovered by the as inviniting from beyond the Rhene a great body of Franks recovered all & carried on their conquests as far as the reiver Some & then dividing conquests with the trans k The forriegn Franks wchwhich he had brought they erected certain new kingdoms of yethe Franks at Colon, Cambray Cambray & some other cities all wchwhich were soon after conquered by Clodoveus who placed his seat at Paris where it has continued ever since And this was yethe original of yethe prsentpresent kingdom of yethe Franks.

The kings of Britain were A. C. 408 Marcus Gratian & Constantine successively, A. C. 425 Vortigern 466 Aurelius Ambrosius the son of Constantine 498 Vther Pendraco 508 Arthur 542 Constantinus, Aurelius Cunanus, Vortiporeus, 561 Malgo or Maglocunus 586 Careticus 613 Cadwalladern 633 Cadwalinus 676 Cadweladrus. The three first were Tyrants who revolted from the Empire. Orosius Prosper & Zosimus connect their revolt wthwith yethe irruption of yethe Barbarians into Gallia as consequent thereto & Prosper (wthwith whom Zosimus agrees) puts it in the year wchwhich began the day after the irruption. The just time I thus collect Constantine reigned three years (Idat. edit Sirmondi) & was slain yethe year after yethe sacking of Rome that is A. C. 411 (Oros. Prosp. Marcel. Idat) 14 Kal. Octob. (Marcellin) & therefore must have begunt his reign A. C. 408. And further Sozomen joyns Constantines expedition into Gallia wthwith Arcadius's death or yethe times a little after & Orosius l 7 c 40 tells us ytthat he passed into Gallia continuò ut imperium invasit imperium. The beginning of his reign therefore must be about the time of Arcadius death & this happened A. C. 408 (Sozom. Socr. Marcel. Cassiod Procop. Zosim) May jst (Socrat) Deduct now from hence yethe 4 months reign of Gratian & yethe short reign of Marcus & you will fall on yethe End of yethe year 407 or beginning of yethe fyear following for yethe first defection.

Now though yethe reign of these tTyrants was but short yet they it gave a begining to yethe kingdom of Britain & so may be recconed yethe 3 first kings especially since yethe posterity of Constantine (viztvidelicet Aurelius Ambrosius, Vther Pendraco, Arthur, &c) reigned afterwards

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☉ I know that

And tho this horn is now commonly interpreted of Antiochus Epiphanes yet antiquity thought otherwise. For Ierome in his commentary on this 8th chapter of Daniel tells us ytthat many Christians refer this place to Antichirst. Of this number I find Origen cont. Cels. l. 6 Irenæus l. 5. c. 25, Effrem Syrus, Epiphanius. And indeed yethe name of Antichrist seems to have been taken by the Apostles & first Christians from this horns standing up against yethe Prince of Princes. As for Antiochus, he was no new horn but one of yethe many Kings of an old one,. He did not wax great towards yethe east & towards yethe south, & nor grow from a little horn, fr to a great one, but was a great at first as at last. He was so far from growing greater then the four horns that (as yethe little horn did) that he was always less & more inconsiderable then most of his Ancestors. He was great in no other power then his own. He reigned not in the time of the end, nor in the last end of yethe indignation nor did he prosper in his his practises against the sanctuary till yethe end of his riegn wbut was beaten & baffled by the Iews. And Daniel himself saith that in his plots & designes to do mischief he should not prosper because yethe end was not yet Dan. 11.27. He only took away the daily sacrifice F & did not cast down the place of his sanctuary to the grownd as yethe kingdom of Pergamus under yethe Romans did & as the little horn is said to do, Dan. 8.11. Nor did the pollution of the sanctuary by him continue so much as 2300 natural days or six years & four months. It lasted but three years from the pollution of the Altar 1 Mac. 1.54, & 4.52, & if it be dated from Antiochus his taking away the vessels of the Temple wchwhich was two years before 1 Mac. 1.20, 29 it will be but five years, but if from Iason's apostasy & setting up a place of exercise for yethe heathen customes it will be (1 Mac. 1.11, 14 & 2 Mac: 4.9) it will be above eight. For Iason did that above three years10r years before Antiochus took away the Vessels of the Temple. 2 Mac. 4.23, & 5.15, 16. So then the conditions of this little horn do not at all agree to Antiochus & if he be excluded, the Kingdom of Pergamus to whom they fully agree must necessarily be admitted.

Now the reign of yethe Goat is in the prophesy of yethe scripture of truth distinguished into three grand five main periods. The first conteins the reign of the Greeks third till the time monar reign o Persians & the second that of yethe Greeks till yethe beginning of yethe fourth Monarchy, the second conteins third the united reign of yethe fourth Monarchy represented by yethe iron leggs of Nebuchadnezzars Image & the third conteins fourth & fift the times of yethe end in wchwhich the divided feet of yethe Image reign. And this last is And thise last is divided into two parts of in the last of wchwhich is the reign of the little horn of yethe fourth beast.

In The first period In all the f During In all the first second period he enumerates the Kings of yethe Greeks in order down to Antiochus Epiphanes & then concludes thus. A the period thus. Abnd both these Kings hearts shall [the hearts of Antiochus Epiphan & Ptolomy] shall be to do mischief [i. e. against yethe Iews] & they shall speak ca lies at one table but it shall not prosper for yet the end shall be at yethe time appointed. that is they shall theiry shall designe to do mischief against the Iewissh religion but it shall not prosper because itthere is yet another period of time before yethe time of yethe end commence wherein yethe attempt of placing yethe abomination is to prosper succeed. The second period therefore we may date from that attempt & by consequence from yethe victory contemporary conquest of yethe Kingdom of Macedon by yethe Romans & King of Pergamus together., For from whence yethe times of yethe fourth Monarchy use to be dated. For wthwith respect to this conquest it is that Daniel saith it begeins the next period thus And out of him arms shall stand up. How these arms took away the daily sacrifice & cast down yethe place of yethe sanctuary (as tis said of yethe little horn,) Daniel himself describes in his vision of weeks. And the people of a Prince that shall come, saith he, shall destroy yethe city & yethe sanctuary — & in half a week he shall cause the sacrifice & oblation to cease & upon a wing of abominations he shall make it desolate.

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In this second third period he further describes how the Beast saints are persecuted & fall many days by this heathen persecuting Empire & then atby yethe conversion thereof to Christianity are helpen wthwith a little help & the & many coming over from heathenism cleave to them wthwith flatteries, & therefore those of understanding to distinguish them from yethe rest shall fall again till to yethe time of yethe end because it is yet for a time appointed. This is the end of yethe second third period.

In yethe third fourth peri he proceeds to describe wchwhich commences wthwith the division of yethe Empire, he proceeds to describe how they their second new fall shall be occasioned by their new setting up of idolatry. in the christian Churches Th For sthe King, saith he, (that is the Greek Empire) shall do according to his will (that is in matters of religion & not according to God's will but his own) & he shall exalt himself & magnify himself above every god & shall Yea against the God of Gods shall he speak marvellous things against yethe God of Gods & shall prosper till the indignation be accomplished, (that is till Gods people be made d dispare made desolate by setting up this abomination,) for that that is determined shall be done decreed shall come to pass. Neither shall he regard the God of his fathers nor the desire of weomen nor (being as to marriage) nor regard any God: for he shall magnify himself above those all. But in his seat he every thing. And with God he shall shall honour Protectors of d Gardians with a God in his seat, even wthwith a God whome his fathers knew not shall he honour them wthwith gold & with silver & wthwith pretious stones & pleasant valuable things. Thus shall he do in the most strong holds wthwith a (or Temples) of yethe Guardians. WthWith a strange God whom he ✝✝ Heb. Hath made strange. shall hath acknowledged, & increase wthwith glory he shall multiply them with honours & he f shall cause them to rule over many & divide yethe land for a patrimony. This is shall distripbute the earth [among them] for a patrimony.

In the fourth last period wchwhich he calls the time of yethe end he describes how the Empire of yethe Saracens wchwhich he calls yethe King of yethe south should come against push at theis Greek Empire & how yethe Empire of yethe Turks wchwhich he calls yethe king of theyethe north should come against him the sar it like a whirlwind by sea & land & enoverflow it by conquest: & how he should also dæa wthwith yethe many yetheIt is not clear whether he added "yethe" before or after crossing out "many"; it's possible that at one point he used "yethe many". neighbouring countries, excepting eEdom & Moab & part of Ammon, & how he should also subject become Lord of Egypt Libya & Arabia. All wchwhich is so plain a description of yethe l Empire ytthat I see not how it can be disputed. The first conquered the dominions of the Greeks in Asia: then overflowed Syria & Iudea & went thenc into Libya & Arabia & continue still possest of all these5r these countries. But yethe regions of M Idumea & Moab continue free & make yethe Turks pay tribute for yethe passage of their caravans through them.

With the fall of this kingdom are conjoyned the delivery of the Iews, the great tribulation & the resurrection of the dead. And many of them that sleep in the dust saith he of yethe earth, saith he shall awake, some to everlasting life & some to shame & everlasting shame & contempt: & they that be wise shall shine as yethe starrs in the brightness of yethe firmament & they that turn many to righteousness as yethe stars for ever & ever. – – – But go thy way Daniel for thou shalt rest & stand in thy lot at yethe end of the days. Dan. 12. 2, 13. These words can be interpreted of nothing but the resurrection in a true littleral sense, & therefore Daniel's visions of the four Monarchies end here, & his tis the day of judgment in a litteral sence wchwhich Daniel describes in his vision of the four Beasts where he tells us that yethe Anicient of days did sit & his throne was like yethe fiery flame & yethe judgment was set & yethe books opened & yethe fourth Beast j given to yethe burning flames Dan. 7.

Now for yethe times f since the first act of spoiling & profaning the Temple fell in with the by Antiochus Epiphanes was the first act of that kind & fell in wthwith yethe joynt beginning of the reign of the fourth Monarchy & wthwith the beginning of yethe reign of yethe little horn of yethe Goat as they are considered be in Daniel: (for he neglects the former more inconsiderable part of their reign which is as being less considerable & inf interfering wthwith yethe proper reign of the 3third Monarchy he neglects) & since the last act of setting placing the abomination ytthat was in the conclusion end of that sharp & lasting controversy ab among yethe Greeks about Image-worship; & that is A. C. wchwhich ended in the year of Christ 842 when the Empress Theodora wthwith her Son called a Council & set up that worship: I if we date yethe 2300 days from yethe first period & yethe 1290 days from the last, they & put years for days: the two numbers will end together about yethe year of Christ 2132. bBut whether theis be yethe true computation I do not know, neither do I know whether the time times & half a time must be dated from the year 607 when yethe whore of Babylon by yethe grant of Phocas began her ecclesiastical reign over the5v the Beast or s from some later period. What God has wrapt up in obscurity that it might not be foreknown would be great rashness for any man to pretend to foreknow. Tis enough if we can understand what is already fulfilled & thereby be certainly convinced ytthat yethe world is governed by providence.

Now the

When the Angel had thus told what was writtien in yethe book of yethe scripture of truth he bids Daniel shut up yethe words & seal yethe book till yethe time of the end. But at the time of yethe end it was to be opened again because he subjoyns ytthat Many shall run to & from & knowledge shall be encreased. & the wise shall understand but none of the wicked shall understand This book is therefore the same book wthwith that in yethe Apo whose seven seales are opened by the Lamb opens in the Apocalyps. Daniel sealed it & yethe Lamb openeds it by degrees untill yethe time of the end approach & & then many run to & fro & knowledge is encreased, For the two witnesses prophesy out of it in sackcloth 1260 1260 days prophetick days & then b at length ascend up to heaven oin a cloud of people & yethe gospel is preached to all nations. Sec No Now if yethe scripture book A book out of wchwhich yethe Angel prophesies in yethe Apocalyps bye Daniels so that bo So then the Apocalyps or Revel or Revelation (as yethe word imports) is nothing else but an opening an unsealing an opening of the a re last Book of Daniels Prophesies an unsealing, an& opening, or a revelation of Daniel's prophesies, Book, a revelation of what was shut up in his prophesies, or a commentary upon him. And therefore we may expect to find in Iohn a repetition & distincter fuller declaration of whatever we meet wthwith in Daniel concerning the fourth Empire. And so it is.

For his fourth Beast is Io is Iohn repeated wthwith a fuller descrip & more fully described in Iohn's ten horned Beast wthwith yethe whore upon his back. And since this Beast it is all one wthwith Iohn's signifies the western Latin Empire & the Dragon theat eastern of the Greeks his third Beas third Beast the Leopard or He Goat is repeated in this Dragon. For so Iohn tells you expresly, in saying that Satan has his Throne in Pergamus & dwells there & that the Dragon is that old Serpent the6r D the Devil & Satan. Apoc. 2.13 & 12.9. As yethe Dragon that old serpent is yethe Devil & Satan & signifies a Kingdom addicted to yethe worship of Dæmons: so Goats are the type of Dæmons or Devils worshipped by Idolaters as you may see in the Hebrew text of Levit. 17.7. 2 Chron. 11.15 Isa. 34.14 whence grew a custome of painting Dæmons in the form of Satyrs. And if since if a Dragon & a Goat are types of the same kind, both signifying Dæmons & idolatrous kingdoms; well might Iohn represent that kingdom by a Dragon which Daniel did by a Goat, When the D. & call that yethe old serpent the Devil & Satan wchwhich deceives The last reign of the Goat wherein he was to place the abomination of desolation could not be more fitly represented then by yethe Dragon that old Serpent called yethe Devil & Satan who deceives the whole world. When theis Dragon Devil was cast out of heaven he came down amongst the inhabitants of the earth & Sea wthwith great wrath knowing he had but a short time. Apoc. 12. These inhabitants were God's people because theis Dragon Devil was not amongst them before & therefore since he is yethe type of idolatry he came to place the abomination among them: wchwhich is as much as to say that he is yethe last horn of the Goat.

Now these things being fixed, fix all the rest. IfFor if the Dragon & Beast be yethe Greek & Latin Empires & every kingdom has its Church we must find two churches for these two kingdoms. And therefore since the woman is yethe Church of the Beast (for she rides upon him) it remains that the two horned Beast must be the church of the Dragon. For this Beast had two horns like yethe Lamb & is called the fals Prophet & therefore was a church & he spake as the Dragon that is in yethehis the Dragon's language wchwhich was Greek. T

The rise of these two kingdoms wthwith their churches is described together in yethe 12th & 13th chapters of yethe Apocalyps. First there is but one kingdom represented by yethe Dragon & one church represented by the woman. Then by the rise of yethe Beast out of the Sea (ytthat is out of yethe isles of the Sea, as the Iews called these western countries) the Empire becomes divided into the Dragon & Beast, & yethe woman at yethe same6v same time flies into from yethe face of yethe Serpent into the wildesrness where the Beast reigns & so becomes his church, & the two horned Beast rises out of yethe earth (as the Iews called yethe eastern countries) to represent the Church of yethe Dragon.

Their fall is described in the 18th & 19th chapters where the whore is first burnt wthwith fire & then the Beast & fals Prophet cast into yethe lake of fire & the remnant ytthat is yethe eastern nations slain politically slain, by yethe & their spirit the Dragon that old serpent called yethe Devil & Satan cast into yethe bottomless pit to descend ad inferos into Hades.

Besides these four, there are the people of God represented by the remnant of the woman's seed left by which the woman leaves in yethe Dragon's kingdom & by the two witnesses prophesying in the Beast's. And in understansding these six things, together wthwith yethe Image of yethe Beast (wchwhich is a body representative of a kingdom, such as is a Senate or Council) consist's all the mystery of yethe Apocalyps. So then this book is nothing els but a commentary upon Daniel's fourth Beast & He Goat wthwith their churches true & fals & true.

This prophesy is also distinguished into the same periods of time wthwith ytthat of those of Daniel. First the Lamb opens the seven seals during the reign of yethe iron leggs of Nebuchadnezzars image, then while yethe feet reign yethe seven trumpets sound, three three last of wchwhich are the time of then end wherein yethe Kings of yethe south & north come against pushes at yethe King of who does according to his will & yethe King of yethe north comes against him wthwith chariots & horsmen & overflows For the army of Locusts at yethe fift Trumpet since theyis animal lives only in hot countries, is yethe king of yethe south. They torment men but kill them not; that is, to use Daniels language they push at yethe greek empire but destroy it not: And Tthe army of horme Euphratean hormen who kills the third part of men is yethe king of the north; fort for he comes against the king of yethe south wthwith o of Greece wthwith, saith Daniel, wthwith horsmen & overflows his countries. The third part of men is othe third part of yethe three parts into wchwhich Iohn distinguishes prophesied of by Daniel, viztvidelicet yethe Latine Empire, the Greek Empire & yethe rest wthoutwithout in Media Persian & Babylonian & yethe rest without that is the Persian inclu including yethe two first Monarchies four monarchies whereof the two first make one, & the Roman distinguished into the Greek & Latin Empires the other two When Iohn had said how the third part of these were killed, Iohn to signif insinuate that these had set up yethe abominationMs. 7.3 (L)1rtion, he subjoyns, wchwhich were not killed And the rest of men (that is yethe rest of men prophesied of by Iohn, or the rest of yethe Roman Empire) yet repented not of the works of their hands that they should not worship Dæmons & idols of gold & silver & brass & stone & wood wchwhich can neither see nor hear nor walk. Mark that.

When Ioh

Now as the in Daniel the resurrection of yethe dead soon immediately follows yethe end of yethe king of yethe north so int does in Iohn. For saith he The second wo is past behold the third wo cometh quickly & then yethe last Trumpet sounds to that war wchwhich puts an end to yethe four monarchies & yethe kingdoms of this world become yethe kingdoms of Christ & the time of yethe dead is come that they should be judged. And as all these things are describ again described in Daniels vision of yethe four Beasts where the Ancient of days sits in a fiery throne in judgment & the beast is condemned to yethe burning flames & yethe Son of man comes in yethe clouds that & receives a kingdom ytthat all nations should obey him: so they are again described in Dan Iohn where the on Word of God comes wthwith his army in yethe heaven & takes a against yethe Beast & fals Prophet & they are cast into yethe Lake of first fire & I yethe saints sit on thrones in& judgment is given them & yethe dead are raised & reign wthwith Christ. And dthe description of this judgment is again repeated described more fully by God sitting on a great white throne & yethe dead standing before him & being judged out of the books. For in this judgment yethe heaven & earth fly away & therefore it precedes yethe new heaven & new earth & new Ierusalem., The & so is the same wthwith that judgment wherein the Beast is cast into yethe lake of fire, that is the same wthwith yetheytthat judgment in Daniel wherein the Beast is cast into yethe burning flames.. For it precedes the new Ierusalem is said to come down out of heaven as a Bride pre Bride prepared for her husband & therefore it comes down is the lambs wife who had made herself ready & precedes th before the marriage supper Apo & precedes its coming down precedes that supper & & therefore came down before that supper & by consequence before yethe the beast casts was cast into yethe lake of fire & when all yethe fowsls of heaven awere filled wthwith the flesh of the slain at the supper of the great God, Apoc. 19. This judgmtjudgment therefore comprehends the time both of the first resurrection when

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Af that if from yethe 7th year of Artaxerxes Longimanus when Ezra came to Ierusalem wthwith a commission to set up a govenmtgovernmtgovernment whereby the Iews became a people & a holy city, unto (wchwhich was in yethe year of Nabon. 290 or 291 we count 709 weeks of years, they will end at the death of Christ whereby a reconciliation was made for iniquity & the most Holy was annointed. were And if from the 298th –day of the month Elul in the 28th year of the same Artaxerxes

Seventy weeks are alt determineddecided upon thy people & upon thy holy city to seal up finish blot out transgression & to seal up sins & to make a reconciliation for iniquity & to bring in everlasting righteousness & to accomplish the vision & the prophesy & to annoint the most t Holy [to be your Prince.]

Know also & understand that [at the end of your captivity] from yethe going forth of the commandment to restore return [from captivity] cause [yoryour captivity] to return & to beuild Ierusalem unto [the coming of] the Annointed [to be] the your] Prince shall be seven weeks.

Also threescore & two weeks &c – – – troublesome times [during your captivity.] wchwhich after his rising up & overcoming becoming potent by rooting up three of the first kings & thereby establishin horns were to be given into his hands for a time & times & 12 a time

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