1
Vols.II and III.
Miscellaneous papers on chronology arranged
in no particular order, unless otherwise
stated in the proper place.
2
Mention has already been made of a previous attempt by the Ekins
at clarification regarding many of the papers as correspondence,
but as Newton used it - old correspondence are of
used scrap-paper for his notes.
The following list of letters thus extracted is preserved
as as some guide to the letters which may be found
among the papers.
fol 39v6537 3
Letter from Sir Isaac concerning weights kept
at the Mint, dated Aug. 14. 1712. ætat. 70.
Letter from Sir Isaac to the Lords Commissioners
of his Maj.tsMajesty's Treasury dated in his office Iune 26.
1722.ætat. 80.
Letter to Sir Isaac Newton
with calculations & remarks written on the
back
Letter from Calverley Pinkney dated Sept.5 - 1719. ætat. 77.
Letter from M. Pilkington of thanks for money
received dated Oct.30. 1712 ætat. 80.
Letter from Augustus Tampynn dated April 3d. 1723.
ætat 81.
Letter from Newton Chapman dated Oct. 23. 1725 ætat. 83.
Letter from J. Bayner - Jan. 21. 1722/ ætat. 80.
Letter from H. Smithson - May 26. 1717. ætat. 75.
Letter from Richard Hindon - June 9. 1725. ætat. 89.
– From H. Jackson with astronomical calcula
tions on the back dated June 8. 1726. ætat. 84.
– From Littleton Powys - dated Dec. 14. 1721. ætat. 79.
Letter from Cha. Kewson with Grecian Chrono
logy on the back - dated Dec. 31. 1723 –
A receipt for money received from Sir Isaac
dated 1722.
Letter from Iohn Corkor - June 21. 1717.
Letter from Amb. Warren with mathematical
calculations in Latin - Dec. 19. 1721.
Revd.Reverend J. Ekins
Morfeth
5574
Loose papers relating
to the Chronology wchwhich d
wchwhich do not follow follow m
of of them with Cly –
In one there is a computation
the reigns in England for w
he reckons - Cromwell's o
Examined by J C –
May - 1729
3065
Loose papers relating to
the Astronomical proofs
of the Chronology
Examined - May 1729
295 7 – through the middle of those constellations
For Hipparchus tells us that Eudoxus drew the Colure of the
Solstices through the middle of the great Bear & the middle of Cancer
& the neck of Hydraus, & the star between the Poop & Mast of Argo
& the tail of the south fish & through the middle of Capricorn &
of Sagitta & through the neck & right wing of the Swan & left hand
of Cepheus – – – & within 9'.50'' of the third. To make it pass as near
as can be in the middle of these three stars, it should cut the Ecliptic in ♌ 5. 45.And & ♒ 5. 54. 37. And if it be drawn in the middle
between the two places ♌ 5. 50. 36 & ♌ 5. 54. 37 it will cut the
Ecliptic in ♌ 5. 52. 36 & ♒ 5. 52. 36. This Colure passes also
through the middle of the great Bear – – – – described by Eudoxus.
The back of Aries through which the Equinoxical Colure should
pass is a star of the sixt magnitude marked η by Bayer. Its lon
gitude in the end of the year 1660 was ♉ 9°.22'. 57'' & north
latitude 6°.7'. 20''. And the colure drawn through this star to the
Ecliptick in an Angle of 66gr 30' the complement of the angle
in wchwhich the Ecliptick cuts the Equator did then cut the Ecliptic
in ♉ 6. 41. 34.
The back of Aries through wchwhich the Equinoctial Colure
should pass is a star of the sixt magnitude marked η by Bayer
Its longitude in the beginning of the year 16690 was ♉ 9gr.435''
Lat Bor. 6. 7. 56. & north Latitude 6gr. 7'. 56''. And the Colure
drawn through this star to the Ecliptic in an Angle of 66gr. 30'
(the complement of yethe angle in wchwhich the Ecliptic cuts the E
quator) did then cut the Ecliptic in ♉ 6. 41. 34. ♉ 7gr. 7'.545''
♉ 7gr. 7'. 55''. So then the Æquinox between the Argonautic
expedition & the beginning of the year 1690 moved backwards 37gr
7'. 55'' which after the rate of 72 years to a degree an produces
7' an interval of 2673 years wchwhich counted backwars from yethe end
of the year 1689 places yethe Argonautick expedition in the 36th year
of Solomons reign.
88
To Collonel Armstrong surveyor of the Ordnance
at his house in the Tower of London.
Sr The other day, I signed a Letter to you without duly considering it being sick at Kensing
ton. I hope in a few days to be well enough to come abroad & as soon as I am able
I intend to come at wait upon you at your house & explain the Letter with
the business it concerns. I am
Prop.Chap. I
Of The ancient luni-solar year, & the reduction of it to the solar year
by the Egyptians. the original Of tThe Asterisms & ancient sphere of the Greeks the formed by Chiron & Musæus for the Argonauts,
Of The places of the Equinoxes & Solstices in that sphere at the time of that expedition,
& of The time of that expedition collected from thence. of tThe time when the Egyptian solar year
was began at the vernal Equinox. Memnon then reigning who was contemporary to the
Trojan war of The age of Memnon & the Trojan war collected from thence tThe uncertainty of the chronology of the ancient Greeks ,& the general error
upon wchwhich is was founded viztvidelicet by taking the reigns of kings for generations. That kKings
reign one with another about 18 or 20 years a piece, & that according to this recconing
the return of the Heraclides into Peloponnesus was about 180 years before the end of
the first Messenian war, & by consequence the taking of Troy was about 75 years
& the Argonautic expedition about 44 years after the death of Solomon as was above
stated by the Astronomy. Of tThe beginning of the Olympiads, & the ages of Iphitus, Lycurgus
the legislator, & Phidon Caranus & some others.
Chap.
Prop. II.
Of the affairs of Greece contemporary to those mentioned in scripture. That
Sesostris invaded Thrace one generation before the Argonautic expedition & was
Sesac. That The Edomites being vanquished by David fled some of them with their young king
Hadad into Egypt, others to the Philistims the enemies of David, & others to Chaldea & other places, & carried wthwith
them letters, & their skill in building of ships & navigating by the stars wchwhich they had learnt
upon the red sea. That tThese fugitives assisted the Philistims in fortifying Azot & building of
ships upon the Mediterranean, & taking of Zidon. That tThe Zidonians when their
city was taken fled some to Tyre & Aradus under Abibalus the father of Hiram
& some others to Aradus Arvad or Arpad & others to other hævens in Asia minor Greece
& Libya under the conduct of other capitains as Cadmus, Cilix, Thasus, Membliarius
Atymnus & other captains. That tThe Tyrians being friends to David traded with th
upon the red sea with Solomon & the kings of Iudah by assistance of the fugitive Edomites
untill the reign of Iehoram the successor of Iehosaphat & then upon the revolting of
the Edomites from Iudah, being driven from the red sea, built ships upon the mediterranean
& began long voyages upon theat Mediterranean sea to ports n places not yet frequented by the
Zidonians, [such as were Carthage, Leptis, Carteia, Gades, Tartessus] such as were Arumstum Carteia Gades Tartessus & celebratinedg their first Admi
ral by the name of the Tyrian Hercules. And tThis retiring of the Tyrians from the red
sea (together with the flight of the Edomites from David) gave occasion to the tradition of the
the Phenicians & Persians mentioned by Herodotus, viztvidelicet that the Phenicians came originally from
the red sea & presently undertook long voiages. Of other affairs of the Greeks contempo
rary to these already described.
Chap. III
Of the ancient affairs of the Greeks contemporary to those already described, & of the
state of Greece before the coming of Cadmus & Europa from Sidon.
Chap. III.
The ancient affairs of the Greeks between the return of the Heraclides & the Empire of Persia & particularly
the beginning of the Olympiads, the kingdome of Corinth & the ages of Iphitus, Lycurgus the Legislator, Phidon
Caranus Draco Alcmæon, Clisthenes Draco, Solon, Pisistratus.
855. 42,75, And the first twenty kings of Sicyon about 855 years wchwhich is 4above 42 years
a piece | 529 (44. The first twelve kings of Sicyon 529 years wchwhich is 44 years a piece.
amount to 140 years. Count backwards therefore 140 years from the invasion of Greece by Xerxes to the end of the first
Messenian war, & 190 years more to the return of the Heraclides into Peloponesus & that return will
be 330 years before the sixt year of Xerxes that is 34 years before the first Olympiad. – &
this return will be about 298 years before the death of Cyrus &– by consequence about 51 years before
the first Olympiad. But the followers of Timæus – – – of the Greeks. Damaus was also called Armais
& Armais was the brother of Sethosis.
The upper & lower Ægypt were never united into one kingdom before the expulsion
of the shepherds. For they
The shepherds reigned only over the lower part of Egypt & the until their expulsion the upper
part of Egypt was under other kings & Manetho places their expulsion but a little before the building of the Tem
ple, saying that that they came went from Egypt into Iudea & built Ierusalem & the Temple. And before their
expulsion there is no roome for any
tica & come out thence wthwith a great army to invade the nations.
While Egypt was divided into several kingdoms & the shepherds reigned in the lower Egypt part of thereof there was no room for any such great king of Egypt
as Sesostris; & Manetho places the expulsion of the shepherds b just before the reign of David & Solo. saying that they
went out of Egypt into Iudea & built Ierusalem & the temple: & no historian makes Sesostris later than Sesac.
And therefore Ses they must be are one & the same king of Egypt. This is no new opinion.
No historian make Sesostris later then Sesac.
While Egypt co
The shepherds reigned long in the lower part of Egypt 900 years together & were expelled about thence into Ie just before the
building of Ierusalem & the Temple according to Manetho; & while Egypt was d under divided into several kingdsoms there could b was no
room for any such great king of Egypt as Sesostris: & no historian makes him later then Sesac. And therefore he
was one & the same king of Egypt wthwith Sesac. This is no new opinion – –
His Amazons whom he carried from Thrace & left at the river Thermoodon called him by the same name in
calling themselves the daughters of Mars.
Pag. 9. The Europeans had no chronology – – – – And this is the fundamental error
of the chronology of the Greeks. p.13. Hence also it may in general be understood that if the durations
of the kingdoms of ancient Greece be shortned in the proportion of three to five or about four to seven
the chronology of the Greeks will be mended thereby.
P.135. The kingd artificial chronologers have made Lycurgus – – – – p.17. before the Olympiads, as above. [P.17 B. Dele, as was
determined above by arguments taken from Astronomy. And at the end of this section after
the words till the return of the Heraclides add: The taking of Troy I place one generation
later then the Argonautic expedition because many sons of the Argonauts weerewere in the Argo
nautic expedition.] – – – – – & there place death of Solomon as above. p.18.
P.20. The expedition of Sesostris – – – – or 44 years after the death of Solomon. p. 21.
P.1. All nations – – – – – monument above mentioned in memory thereof. p.9.
P.21. Rehoboam was born – – – conformable to it self. p.26.
P.13. The kingdom of Macedon was founded – – – – & therefore not to be admitted. p.15.
P.17. Pausanias represents – – – – – – originally any further p.20.
P.26. When Sesostris – – – – – to the end p.44.
Pag.13. The kingdom of Macedon – not to be omitted p.15.
P.17. lin 31 In this interval of – – reign 517 years p.17. lin 49.
P.18. Thucydides tells us that the Corinthians – then the days of Solomon & Rehoboam p.19.
And for this reason the sumptuous temple of Vailean built by Menes inat Memphis was not older then the days
of Solomon. And such was the temple of Vulcan built b at Memphis built by Menes
Argos the father of Iasus, Piranthus, Epidaurus & Criasus, was succeeded by Criasus. Iasus was the
the father of Agenor the father of Crotopus, the father of Sthenelus, the father of Gelanor
Peranthus or Phorbas the father of Triopas the father of Iasus see pag. 22 & 24
94
Timæus & Apollodorus tell us that Lycurgus converst with
Homer, &] Heraclides Ponticus (in Lycurgus) & Plutarch tell us that Lycurgus brought Homers
& Timæus & & Apollodorus say & Strabo &
say that Lycurgus converst wthwith Homer Cicero that Homer lived in the time of Lycurgus & Strabo that Lycurgus converst
with hiHomer in Chiaus chwhich
the name of Lycurgus was written gathers that Lycurgus was the com
panion of Iphitus in restoring the Olympiads & Cal Phlegon & Pausanias writes that
Lycurgus Iphitus Iphitus &
that these y 13 the first Olympiads were restored of Iphitus were omitted in before the vulgar
recconing Æra of the Olympiads began:
ed about 13 Olympiads or 52 years before the vulgar Æra of the Olympiads began, that
is 154 years after yethe death of Solomon, or about 80 years after
the taking of Troy. Which is a competent space of Time for Homer
to flourish in & converse wthwith Lycurgus. But if the taking of Troy
be placed made above 260 years older, the as in yethe vulgar account, the
interval will be much too great & between Homer & the next Greek Poets there will be above 400 years wchwhich is also twotoo great a chasm .] Thucydides saith that the Lacedemonians
– Crates saith that there were 400 years & a little above to yethe end of yethe
Peloponnesian war since the Lacedemonians had continued in the same form of gover
nment, that is since the making of their laws by Lycurgus. The last year
of that war was an. 1. Olymp. 94. cCount backwards 400 years & the
Laws of Lycurgus will be made something above 27 years before the Olym
vulgar Æra of the Olympiads, that is within less then 178 years after the
death of Solomon & within 108 less then 18 108 years ethe destruction
of Troy.
Collonel Parsons – place. But Mr Le Clerk is a skilful &
expeditious Graver, capable of doing good service the Mint very fit to be
received into yethe Mint., having some perfections wchwhich are wanting – House. And that Mr Le Clerc be
taken into the third place with a salary of also of 80£ pr
an̄ & be allowed two Rooms to lodge & work in over the great
Press room & over Mr Crokers shop. And that the salaries
of Mr Croker & Mr Bull commence from yethe death of
Mr Harris, but by reason of the charges wchwhich the Mint
has been at by the dammages done by the great winds
last Autumn, we are humbly of opinion that for saving
these charges money to defray those charges the salary
of Mr Le Clerc do not commence till next Midsummer.
1
To
Sir Isaac Newton
in Germane Street
near St Iames is Church
London.
The conquests of Sesostris are described wthwith by authors with some
confusion but considering that he had forces by sea & land.
he seems to have guided the course of his conquests by the course of yethe
sea, conquering first the regions between Egypt & the red sea then the regions of Afric along the Mediterranean
westward as far as the Ocean, then the regions of Ethiopia along the red sea
southwardas far as the promontory Mossylites, then the crossing yethe red sea at Dira
he went eastward as far as India conquering Persia Arabia felix &
the southeofrn parts of Persia & India as far as Ganges & beyond, & then
returning to yethe Mediterranean he conquered the regions thereof easward
& nortward that is Phenicia, & Syria &, the regions upon Tigris & Eufrates, && Asia
minor, & G& Thrace & part of Greece.
10 2
2
SrSir Mr Bull ofthe second ingraver of in the Mint is dead & & upon inquiring after another engraver who upon the death of the first engraver Mr Croker, may be fit to succeed him, I can hear of no better artist then Mr Rollos the kings idel>engraver of Seales to succeed him. The place in the mint is 80£ per an̄ wthwith a house part of the gravers house hosuse & the prospect of succeeding the principal graver when he dyes. And Mr Rollos is willing to accept of it & to live & work in the Mint. & do all &And as he is the fittest person that I can hear of I take the liberty to recommend him to your consideration. I am Yoe
113
The Dr acknowledging that the did not took th reason why he made so so little mention of the Me Differential method was because he took that method to be the same with mine & did not know the Differences or Improvements made to it by Mr Leibnits after I had explained it to him to this Method: Mr Leibnitz fully acquiesced in this acknowledgement wit without making the least complaint against the Doctor for saing that by my Letters in the year 1676 I had explained to him th the method wchwhich was the common to us both & which was found by me ten years before that time or above, that is, in the year 1666 or before. And thus the
And if after such a concession as Mr Leibnitz made in these his Letters now recited, & printed 17 years ago men may be allowed to go back upon any pretence whatever, even printing it self will be no security after witnesses are dead.
MOERIS V MOERIS. the first letter M being in some old decayed Manuscript taken for VC VC & an Conqueror by the name of Salman. And perhaps thaSahma might be a the first part of the name of Salmanasser, & Iarib a the last part of yethe name of his successor Sennacherib. AndBut whoever these Princes were it appears not they reigned before SennacheribSalmanasser. Put seems to be the first 1041 Deucalions flood {1040 Xuthus nuptus Creusæ Erechthei fili Hellen - Æolus - Sisyphus Amphictyon Cranai Socius. Protogenia - Aëthlius - Endymion 1014 Aëthlius 986 960 Endymion & Sisyphus later & Hellen sooner 1060 Samuel dies Deucalion floret. 1039 Hellen regnat. 1040 Amphictyon Crani socius. 1017 Æolus floret. Xuthus nuptus Creusæ. Aethlius floret. 993 Sisyphus 1020 Ætolus Endymionis filius occiso Api in curetidem terram aufugit & suo de nomine Endymion terram. Ætoliam vocavit. Ex Pronoe Phorbi filia Pleuronem & Calydonem genuit a quibus urbes in Ætolia Pleuron & Calydon denominatæ. 1046 Endymion builds the city Elis For reconciling such & Queens & thereby made their antiquities still more perlexing then they had repugnances they have sometimes feigned new kings. So of in the kingdom of Crete, of one Minos & one Europa Ariadne his daughter they have made two Minoses & two Europas Ariadnes feigning that Bous loved the first Ariadne & Theseus the other In that of Athens, of one Erectheus & one Pandion his son they have made two, given the name of Erechthonius to the first Erechtheus so called homer called. In that of Argos of one Inachus & one Io thehis daughter they have made two calling the last Inachus by the name of Iasus. So when theyPoets had feigned that Io the daughter of Inachus became the egyptian Isis the wife of Osiris or Bacchus & thereby made the great Bacchus too ancient in the kingdom of Crete they have made two Minoses & two Ariadnes their daughters the first the mistress of Bacchus, the last the mistress of Theseus. In the
when they havde made the the Egyptian Isis as old as Io the daughter of Inachus, & they made they made her husband Osiris or Bacchus & his mistres Ariadne as old: &they & feigned that there were two Ariadnes one the mistress of Bacchus the other the mistress of Theseus & two Minoses their fathers, & two Io & a younger Io the daughter of Iasus writing Iasus corruptly for Inachus, And for the Erectheuses & two Pandions contemporary to the two Ariadnes & two Erectheuses their fathers contemporary to of the two Pandions, gaving the name of Erechthonius to yethe first Erecth of them who Homer calls Erechtheus. And by such corrections they have exceedingly perplexed ancient history.
3
– Rober Ball
– Tho LdLord Foley
– Edm. Halley
– Rich Mead
Tho. Pellet
– Alexander Pilfield
– SrSir Hans Sloan
Martin Folkes
John Harwood
– Abraham Hill
– Francis Robarts
Brook Taylor
LdLord
James Douglass
James Pound
William Stanley
William Cockburn
Tho Jett
John Englis
John Keill
Edwd Laney D.D.
John Machin
SrSir Geo. Markham
Peter Le Neve
LdLord Paisley
Edw. Southwell
Mr Wrenn
Robt Keck
Sam Morland
To 699 SrSir Isaac Newton at his house in St martans Street near Leicester Fields London
12
As Babylon & Rome were adorned in the height of their Empire so doubtless it was in the reign of Sesostris & his successors that That Thebes & grew so great & splendid & that all almost all magnificent works were done in Egypt was adorned wthwith those magnificent works of Temples, Obelisks, Pyramids, Labyrinths & yethe like the spoiles & Tribute of the nations being employed on these things. For Sesostris returning wthwith home wthwith a great multitude of captives imployed them in building Tem new Temples in all the cities of Egypt & cutting ditches from Nile all over Egypt for watering the cities. He erected also in Heliopolis two Obelisks of 120 cubits inscribing on them the greatnes of his dominion & tribute wthwith yethe number of the nations conquered: one of wchwhich two Obelisks Augustus Cæsar translated to Rome placing it in yethe Campus Martius. Rhampses erected two Obelisks enlarged yethe Temple of Vulcan wthwith a Portico on the west. Memnon erected the speaking statue & a wonderful Palace in Abydus. And Am & (of he be Imandes) the Labyrinth. Herodotus refers yethe Pyramids to kings who reigned a little after. Sesostris & wthwith good reason since yethe kings who preceded had not wealth sufficient for such great works. The Labyrinth is attributed to one of yethe successors of Sesostris called Lachares by Manetho, Labaris by menemes called Mandes or Eusebius. Imandes & Isimandes by Strabo & Mandes & Marrus by Diodorus that is Amenemes & Ameres the two successors of Lachares For it seems to have in Manetho. For Herodotus calls it the work of kings as if made by more then one & not finished till yethe reign of Psammiticus. And tho he places Mæris almost 900 years before his own age, yet the vast Lake wchwhich he Mæris built wthwith two magnificent Obel Pyram of 3600 stadia in compass & 50 paces depth where deepest, wthwith two Pyramids in yethe midst of 50 paces height above yethe water & upon each a Colossus on a throne representing him & his wife, are works wchwhich agree far better wthwith this magnificent age then wthwith that af unhappy difficult one when yethe Shepherds reigned over yethe lower Egypt. And therefore the I had rather attribute it to that Marrus whom Diodorus makes yethe founder author of the Labyrinth & Manetho seems to call Ammeres. For Mæris built the me who made this Lake aa Herod. l. 2. c 111. built also the memorable north Portico of that famous Temple of Vulcan whose foundation was doubteles laid by Sesostris when he renewed all yethe Temples in Egypt, & Pliny Lycias in bb Pliny makes yethe Labyrinth to be yethe sepulcher of Mæris. This Mæris also wrote yethe Elements of Geometry & Geometry is thought to have had its rise from the division of Egypt by Sesostris amongst his soldiers & probably Sup Siphocas who succeeded Maris is that Suphis who erected yethe according to Manetho erected yethe greatest Pyramid & whom Herodotus calls Cheops. For that Suphis wrote a sacred book & Siphoas for writing sacred books was accounted yethe second Mercury.
The successors of Sesostris were
In yethe sepulcher of IOsimandes was a ring in compass of Gold 365 cubits in compass & a cubit thick divided into 365 equal parts wthwith yethe days of the year inscribed on each & yethe rising & setting of yethe stars & their significations according to yethe Egyptian Astrology. Diodorus C. 1 p. 32.
Ra
Manetho d Herod C. 2. c. 109.Successorem Sesostris qui Labyrinthum sibi sepulchrum fecit Manetho Lacharem Eusebius Labærem vocat. Et Lacharis successor aputd Manethonem est Ammeres. Forte hic est Marrus vel Mœris cui Diodorus & Lysias apud Phinium Labyrinthum tribuunt. For Mæris autem Port bb Herod l. 2. c 111 built the stately nothern Portico of yethe Temple of Vulcan & by that character is aa Diog Laert in vita Pythgoræ p. 216. found out yethe Elements of Geometry wchwhich had its rise from yethe geometrical division of Egypt amongst yethe soldiers made by Sesostris & by both those characters was one of the successors of Sesostris. For Sesostris cc supra. began this structure & divided Egypt equally by measure amongst his soldiers tting all the Egyptians wchwhich gave occasion to geometry. And This MÆris
4
Strabo an eye witness tells as yethe above yethe speaking statue of Monnuon in Thebais were yethe sepulchers of 40 kings of Egypt in caves cut in stone & by them in certain Obelisks inscriptions declaring the riches & power of those kings & their dominion [of some of them] propagated to Scythia & Bactriana & India & Ionia & with the greatness of their tribute & their army of about a thousand thousand men.
Among the successors of Sesotris are recconned Rhampses & Amenophis Rhampses (called Remphis by Diodorus & Rhampsinitus by Herodotus & by Manetho said to be yethe son of Setostri Sethos or Sesostris) aa Diodor. l. 1. p. 39. Herod. l. 2. c. 121. did nothing glorious but spent his whole age in heaping up riches & was yethe richest of all the kings of Egypt gathering together 400000 Egyptian Talents , that is 800000 Attic talents an Egyptian talent conteining two Attic Talents that is 120 Attic drachms or about 25lb sterling. pounds Tacitusb Tacitus Annal. l. 2. an. 772 tells us that Germanicus Cæsar visited Egypt to see know its Antiquities & & saw yethe great ruins of old Thebes in some of wchwhich were where some structures remained with Egyptian letters expressing the former greatness its ancient wealth. And the oldest older old ancienter of yethe Priests being commanded to interpret them related that there once dwlelt 700000 in it seven hundred thousand of military age, & that king Rhampses wthwith that army reigned over Libya, Æthiopia, the Medes, & Persians, & Bactrians & Scythia & the territories of yethe Me Syrians, Armenians Cappadocians & Bithynia & Lycia from sea to sea. The tributes & gifts of every nation (gold & silver & armour & horses & ivory & odours for yethe temples & corn & all utensils) were also read being scarce less magnificent than what the Parthians or yethe Romans Empires exacted.
Amenophes (called Ammenephthes by Eusebius & Imandes Ismandes & Memnon by the Greeks & Mendes & Osymandes by Strabo) visited the conquests of Sesostris, marched through Ismia & Phyrygia staid long in Susiana & left monuments of his stay there & subdued yetherebelling Bactrians but after a while Strabo an eye witness tells us that in Thebais above the vocal speaking statue of Memnon – – – – a thousand thousand men. These Obelisks being among yethe ruins of Thebes its probable that yethe inscription above mentioned wchwhich Germanicus caused to be interpreted, was on that Obelisk wchwhich was dedicated to Rhampses.
4 Mr Sawyer had 40 lb by a bill at London paid to his order.In money left in his hand either 6 or 11 lb above what when they returned to Brigstock. My sister thinks 6 lb. To yethe Apothecary at two payments between 4 & 5 lb. To Mr Sawyer for two journeys to Brigstock 30s at one time & 30 or 40 at yethe other if there was another. To his man 40s for attendance.
At Mr Tindalls an Apothecary in Bridges Street at ה signe of the Pestell & Mortar neare the play house. Mr at yethe Bell & Dragon on Newgate Market.
13
years of Nabonassar 586 & 618. The middle year is 602 wchwhich is 286 years after the aforesaid observation of Meton & Euctemon. And in these years the equinox must have gone backward about four degrees & So have been in the fourth degree of Aries in the days of Hipparchus & by consequence have then gone backward elven degrees since the Argonautic expedition, that is in 1090 years according to the chronology of the ancient Greeks then in use. And this is after the rate of under about 99 years, or in the next round numbers an hundred years to a degree, as was then stated by Hyparchus. But it really went back a degree in seventy & two years & 11 degrees in 792 years. Count these 792 years backwarsds from the year of Nabonassar 602 (the year from wchwhich we counted the 286 years) & the recconing will place the Argonautic expedition about 43 years after the death of Solomon. 43 years after the death of Solomon.The Greeks – – – a degree in an hundred years.
– After the great victory of Asa over Zerah & the following revolt of the lower Egypt from Zerah to Osarsiphus, Amenophis (his father being slain) might f presently fly from Osarsiphus wthwith the remainder of his father's army the Ethiopians to Memphis & spend about two years in building & fortifying Memphisthat city & thirteen years more in Æthiopia, & then return from Æthiopia with a great army & to conquer the lower Egypt about sixteen years after the victory of Asa over Zera or 51 years after the death of Solomon, & Amenophis having spent two or three years a year or three or four years in conquering Osarsiphus & another year setling the affairs of the lower Egypt & then he might then leave Proteus his viceroy at at Memphys, & go with his army into Persia & build the Memnonia to secure his dominions in in those parts & build the Memnonia at Susa fortifying that city as the Metropolis of his eastern dominions in those parts in those in the east, & about the time that soon after the taking of Troy was taken or soon after return into Egypt & erect the speaking statue & the Temple
Africanus calls Boceharis a Saite, but Sais at this time had other kings.
9 to 5 - nine to five 19 to 33 1/3. 57 to 1002. 19 to 34. nine to five – become 30 years – ann 2 Olymp 53
All paid till Lady DayMich 1722
Paid more in money ten pounds & taxes two pounds March 24 172 3/412. 0. 0
Paid more Novem 16th 17248. 0. 0.
Paid more Aug. 3, 172512. 0. 0.
Paid more Iuly 24, 1726 in money 20th, in taxes for two years 4£ 24. 0. 0.
56. 0. 0
And this summ together with 12£ received Aug. 3d 1725 & 8£ received November 16th 1724 & ten pounds in money & two pounds in taxes received March 24 172 3/4 makes up the summ of 56 pounds, the same being his rent for two years ending at Michaelmas 1724 besides eight pounds towards his rent for the half year ending at Lady day 1725.
Pag.7. The expedition of Sesostris – death of Solomon pag.8.
Pag. 9. At length the Egyptians – minded not arts and sciences. p.10.
Pag. 13. The Trojan war was one gen – dominions in those parts. p.14.
seven Weeks of years or seven sabbats of years = a Iubilee. Levit. 25.8.
lbozdwtgrlbozdwtgr
Aug. 31.Tho. Woodward ☉—28.10.1.14
AugSep. 28th Silver. Ed. Wright95.8.12.1
Sep. 1De Gols —227.0.14.3
Sept. 8Tho Woodward57.1.11.7
John Blachford13.10.16.21
326.11.3.21
Sep. 13Tho Woodward767.5.0.7
Tho Woodward & Comp.2110.9.10.1
Sept. 14Tho Woodward114.6.6.17
Tho Woodward & Comp.2244.11.4.8
Iosiah Wordsworth28.8.11.12
1003.3.16.18
Sept. 16Conrade de Gols224.4.13.12
1227.8.10.6
Sept. 17.Tho Woodward –182.2.11.9
Edw. Ironside —10.5.2.5
Sept. 20.Conrade de Gols —229.1.3.23
John Cook —26.9.1.2
Tho Woodward182267.4.1.9
1943.6.10.6
Sept. 21.Tho Woodward —237.0.18.4
Sept. 22Tho Woodward & Comp—162.10.10.8
Tho Woodward & comp.2699.2.13.7
26128.12.1
225.
Sep. 27Conrade de Gols224.1.18.4
2836.10.10.5
Sept. 28Coyned —1350.0.0.0
SrSir
There are now come into the Mint since the last delivery 2612 pounds weight of Gold wchwhich when coyned will make above 120 thousand Guineas p
146
I And as h
The building of Babylon by Pul seems
Quintus Curtias tells us that Semirramis built Babylon or, as many beleive Belus, whose Palace is there shewn. The occasion of ascribing it to Semiramis seems that she (as Herodotus tells us) built great banks throughout yethe plane of Babylonia wchwhich before were overflowed by Euphrate yethe River. And this was done about the time of Belus yethe reign of Belus Pul For Herodotus places Semiramis saith Herodotus lived five ages ages generations before the mother of Labynitus King of Babylon whom Cyrus conquered
The Found I reccon Pul the founder of Babylon be
Babylon was therefore founded by a king of Assyria & by consequence by Pul Belus the first king we read of who began to erect that monarchy. For yethe Æra of Nabonassar shews that it was founded about yethe time of his reigne. & the founder is Hence Dorotheus Sidonius an old Poet [apud Iulian Firmicum
Αρχάιη
The ancient
And so Diodorus tells us – – – – – – The Phenicians would have thise Belus to be founder of Babylon to be a Phœnician & yethe Egyptians an Egyptian b but both agree in his name Belus. Quintus Curtius tells us – – – Cyrus conquered. And Abydenus out of Megasthenes – – – – Empire of Macedon. So Berosus [apud Ioseph. cont. App. 1. p 1045 a] ascribes the building of yethe waslls palace & Pensil gardens & temple of Belus in this city to Nebuchadnezzar & blames the Greeks for ascribing them to Semiramis the Assyrian. And accordingly Nebuchadnezzar himself boasted Is not this great Babylon which I have built? Dan 4.30
When Belus had assigned to everyone his portion of yethe watry; Semiramis an built Assyrian Lady assisted him in draining them. For Herodotus tells us that he built great banks throughout yethe plane Those watry places were overflowed by the river Eufrates till Semirames an Assyrian Lady built great banks throughout the plane which was before overflowed by the river & that she lived but 5 ages before generations before yethe Mother of Labyrintus the last King of Babylon whom Cyrus conquered. She lived therefore about yethe age of Pul & so points at thence I understand I reccon him to be yethe Belus who founded Babylon. Porphyry places Semiramis a little higher earlier telling him us that Sanchoniathon a writer of Berytus lived under Semiramis a Queen of yethe Assyrians who is reportedrelated said to have lived about or been before or about yethe times of yethe Trojan wars. But its's more probable that Sanchoniathon was a later writer because he mentions yethe Theology of yethe Greeks
But For Ctesias & those that follow him make semiramis the author of yethe walls Pensil gardens & other great works in Babylon & so But Berosus
They lived
SrSirI have lookt into De Omerique's Analysis Geometrica & find it a judicious & valuable piece answering to yethe Title. For therin is laid a foundation for restoring the Alnalysis of the Ancients wchwhich is more simple more ingenious & more fit for a Geometer then the Algebra of the Moderns. For it leads him more easily & readily to the composition of Problems & the Composition wchwhich it leads him to is usually more simple & elegant then that wchwhich flows wthwith more pains is forct from Algebra.
15
Which reigns according to Chronologers took up 244 years, wchwhich is much too long for the course of nature being after the rate of 4 35 years a pieceto a reign At 20 years a piece one with another they amount to no more then 140 years that is 8 90 years to yethe death of Cyrus & 50 years to the invasion of Greece by Xerxes. Add the 200 years from the return of the Heraclides to the Anaxandrides & Ariston Kings of Sparta were contemporary to Cræsus (Herod l. 1. c. 67) & therefore between the end of the first Messenian war th& the death of Cyrus reign of Cambyses death of Cyrus there were about five reigns of the Spartan kings wchwhich at about 20 years to a reign make about 100 years. This intervall was therefore about 90 or 100 or at a medium 95 years: wchwhich added to yethe 200 years between the return of the Heraclides & the end of the first Messenian war places the d said return of 20 about 295 years before the death of Cyrus. This invervall according to recconing of Ephorus &
The making of the Puncheons a month barring accidents or five between five &> six weeks if a Puncheon breaks.
The making the Dies & coyning 1400 medals by the Mill & Press 4 days by a ring – 9 days.
& his followers was about 5602 & according to later Chronologers 5743 years which is 278 years too long. Subduct the Olympiads & >there will remain but 290 about 47 years between the said return of the hHeraclides & the first Olympiad. Which intervall according to the followers of Ephorus I reccon to be was about 320 years. And this is the fundamental error of the artificial Chronology of the Greeks
1200 Silver medalls coyned by the mill & press will cost
16
p.22. Cadmus came first to Rhodes & left there a colony of Phenicians who sacrifice men to Saturn. Phobas carried a colony of Telchines thither to Rhodes from Argos, & Triopas the son of Phorbas carried a colony from thence Rhodes to Caria & from this & such like colonies Caria was anciently called Phœnice.
P.32. Triopas led a Colony from Rhodes into Caria & Agenor the son of Triopas invaded Argos wthwith a great multitude
For Cadmus in coming to Greece arrived first at Rhodes neare an island bordering upon Caria & left there a colony of Phenicians who sacrificed men to Saturn; & the Telchines being repulsed b in Peloponesus by Phoroneus retired thence from Argos to Rhodes under with Phorbas who purged the island of serpents: & Triopas the son of Phorbas carried a Colony from Rhodes to Caria. And from this & such like colonies Caria was anciently furnished with shipping & called Phœnice.
p.31. From Cecrops to Codrus I reccon inclusively were 14 kings of Athens wchwhich at 18 years a piece one wthwith another take up 252 about 2592 years. And these years counted back from the death of Codrus place the reign of Cecrops in the days of Samuel.
14. & the death of Codrus [& beginning of the Archons for life (of there were so many) & the Ionic migration about 190 under the his sons of Cod about 190 or 200 years before the decennial Archons, or about 90 or 100 100 or 105 years after the taking of Troy.
14 & the death of Codrus & Ionic Migration under his sons, & the beginning of the Archons for life about 198 or 190 years before the decennial Archons or 100 years after the taking of Troy.
an. 2 Olymp. 65; the first annual Archon of Athens an 1. Olymp. 49; the first decennial Archon about 40 or 50 years before, some of the seven decennial Archons dying in their regency : & the death of Codrus the & Ionic migration under his sons, [& the beginning of the Archons for life] about ninety or an hundred years after the taking of Troy, that interval being taken up with the reigns of six kings of Athens, ( Demophoon, Oxyntes, Aphyidas, Thymætes, Melanteus & Codrus, & Aphidas reigning but one year; & the interval between the death of Codrus & the decennial archons being taken up by twelve Archons for life
The inte time between the taking of Troy & the return of the Heraclides was taken up by the successive reigns of these three kings of the Mycenæ Ægystus Orestes & Tisamenus. And that between the taking of Troy the & the death of Codrus by the successive reigns of these six kings of Athens Demophoon, Oxyntes, Aphidas, Thymætes, Melanthus & Codrus, the four first of which according to chronologers took up but 54 years ] the third & fourth of wchwhich took according to chronologers took up but 9 years.
Historians tell us that Sardus the son of the Libyan Hercules carried went with a colony from Libya to Sardinia & gave his name to that Island. & that Sardinia was peo at first peopled by Libyans . The Libyan Hercules is he who contended with Antæus, that is, the Hercules whom Sestostris who was one of yethe was he who contended with Antæus. He who being one was one of the brothers of Sesostris & whom Sesostris & was by him left governour of Thebais Thebais & Æthiopia by Sesostris & came down from thence to the assistance of the God's aga against the Giants. Which makes it probable that Zerah was the same man with Sardus, & fled from Osarsiphus into Libya & thence into Sardinia about the same time ytthat Amenophis retired into the upper Egypt & fortified Memphis [& went thence into Æthiopia to recover strength.] against the same Osarsiphus.
9
SrSir I received your kind present of a collar of very good brawn, &return my hearty thanks for it. I hope you have your health well & wish you a happy new year.
17
Deni Iudicium prædictum subjunxi, unam notis quibus pateat illud eidem in Recensione illa confuta in esset et septem ipsus, responsum essem vivente Leibnitio Respondum fuisse & Sespum eites esse tantum ut ut Commercium epistolicum sine Resposo dimitteretur..
Reges Arcadiæ post Argioos
1 Pelasgus qui gentem rudem & feram in ordinem redegit & Deos coleve docuit, quod hinc in alios universim populos transit
2 Lycaon Cecropi synchronus
3 Nyclimus f sub quo Diluvium Deucalionis
4 Arcas n.agriculturam a Triptonelo doctus
5 Azan. f
6 Clitor f
7 Æpytus
8 Aleus Argonauta
9 Lycurgus
10 Echemus qui Hyllum occidit
11 Agapenor Anaæphilius Lycurgi nepos, qui inter Helenes procos fuit & ad Trojanum bellum profectus est
12 Hippothous quo imperium tenente Anchises in Arcadia mortus est
13 Epytus f. Orestes in Arcadiam venit.
14 Cypselus. Heraclidæ in Peloponesum redeunt.
15 Olæus.f.
16 Bucolion f
17 Phialus f
18 Simus f
19 Pompus f
20 Æginetes f
21 Polymestor f
22 Æchmis eufrate nepos
23 Aristocrates f. occisus.
24 Hecetas f
25 Hiestas f. Aristocrates f. an. 1 Olymp 28 occisus.
13
it please your LordpLordship I do not know of any book of EpistlesLetters in wchwhich RobtRobert Stevens saith what Manuscripts had & what had not the Epistles. I am My Lord.
1017
Demetrius Magnes in his book de Homonymis, says that there were fives Tha several men called Thales, one of wchwhich was very ancient, being contemporary to Hesiod & Homer & Lycurgus. Apud Diog. Laert in Thalete p 9 f.
Thales Mylesius was born an 1 Olymp. 35. Obit Olymp 58 annos natus 78, or 90.
Cleobulus (unus e 7 sapientibus Minervæ templum a Danao ædificatum instaravit Diog. Laert in Cleob.
Epimenibes qui geneologias scripsit. Diog Laert in Epimen.
Neptune = Briareus = [Enceladus=] Ægeon = Typhæus = Typhon. Callinachus vol.1 p 239. Vol 2 p 425.
Amymone Danai filia Neptuno Nauplium edidit Callim vol. 1. Notis p 443
Hyagris Phyx tibias invenit regnante Athenis Erechhthonio qui currum junxit Callin. Not. Vol 2 p 296.
Tridens est trifide hasta & tridentem habere est imperium maris obtinere. Hymanin Callim vol 2 p 347.
10
Mr Hunt I desire you to summon a Council to meet at twelve of the clock on wednesday next. A
18
Ægypt was at first divided into many kingdoms like other nations & we >do notk by degrees grew into one Monarchy by degrees And there were Sesac in the fift year of Rehoboam came out of Egypt wthwith an army of Libyans, Troglodites & Ethiopians (2 Chron. 12.3) & therefore was then Lord king (2 Chron. 12.3) & so was Sesostris & we do not read in scripture that any former king of Egpt who reigned over all those countries & nations &, came out of Egypt wthwith a great army to conquer his neighbours. The sacred history of the Israelites from the days of Abraham to the days of Solomon admits of no such conqueror. Sesostris reigned over all the same nations of the Libyans, Troglodites & Ethiopians, & in prophane history we do not read of any later king of Egypt who reigned over all those nations & came in came out of Egypt wthwith a great army against Phenicia Syria & the nations round about. And therefore Sesostris & Sesac must be Sesac one & the same king of Egypt. This is no new opinion. Iosephus perceived it when he affirmed that Herodotus erred in ascribing the actions of Sesac to Sesostris erring& the error was only in the name of the king. For in this is as much as to say that they Herodotus erred in calling them by two the name is to say that the true name of Sesostris was Sesac, & to say that he erred only in the name is to say that he erred not in ascribing the actions of Sesac to Sesostris. ascribing the actions of Sesac to Sesostris & that the error was only in the name is to say that the true name of Sesostris was Sesac & that Herodotus erred only in calling him Sesostris as if Our great Chronologer SrSir Iohn Marsham is also of the same opinion that Sesostris was Sesac And if this be granted, it is then most certain that Sesostris came out of Egypt in the fift year of Rehoboam to invade the nations & after an expedition of nine years returned backinto Egypt in 14th year of Rehoboam: & in the 5th year of Asa & his brother Danaus fled from him in a long ship after the pattern of wchwhich the Ship Argo was built by Argus [Then Asa in the fift year of his reign revolted & fortified Iudea, & by consequence Ægypt He was called also Ægypt for a reason to be given hereafter & his brother fell then into distraction by the death of Sesostris; In the & in the 15th year of his reign he beat Zerah an Æthiopian then became king of Egypt so that he could not recover himself. Thereupon the lower Egypt revolted under Osarsiphus, & Amenophis the successor of Zerah retired into first to Memphis & then into Æthiopia, & the notice of all these distractions coming into Greece seems to have given occassion to yethe Argonautic Expedition about 7 or 8 years after the victory of Asa.] the grandson of Danaus
I have now carried up the chronology of the Greeks as high as to the Trojan war the Argonautic Expedition & the victory of Asa invasion of Asia of& Greece byby Sesostris the nations of Asia India & Europe by Sesostris & fixed the times by the coincidence of Sesostris with Sesac: [it remains now that I try to carry it up [to the planting of Greece wthwith Colonies of Phenicians from Sidon under Cadmus & his companions] a little higher.] These are the ages of reputed dark & fabulous by the old Historians of the Greeks.] It remains that I examin whether there be any thing earlier in their histories wchwhich will may tally with sacred history. For these are the ages reputed dark & fabulous by the ancient Greek historians, & there is no other way of carrying the chronology of things down in Europe any higher then by comparing the histories of the Europæans wthwith those of other nations.] For these are the dark & f ages reputed dark & fabulous by the ancient Greeks Historians & there is was no other. way of settling their chronology other better in the times ~ before the Argonautic Exped to any degree of exactness to anybefore that argonautic exp by genealogies & then that of comparing the Greek histories with those of other nations. It remains now that I try by the whether by the same and method their chonologychronology can be carried up any higher.
Tatian in his book – – – Abia & Asa.
Rehoboam was born – – – & some years longer.
Herodotus tells us – – – predecessor of Erychtheus & Ion be grown up before his death
I have now carried up – – – to be further examined.
Before the Phœnicians introduced – – – – older then is represented in scripture.
The Latines had no chronology of their own till they began to reccon by the years of their city wchwhich was not till after the days of Ennius. The Greeks had none till sixty years after the death of Alexander yethe great. & yet be The chaldeans had none that we know of before the but the Eclipses of yethe ☾ set down by Thucydides since the times of the Peloponnesian War. are deter The Chronology of the kings of the Medes times of Chaldeans Medes & Persians are setled by the Canon of Ptolomy. There by the times of the invasions of Greece by Darius Hystaspis & Xerxes are setled. The times of Pygmalion & Dido are setled by were recorded in the Archives of of Tyre & Carthage & the Trojan War was in the days of their predecessor of Pymaleon father. And The time of the invation of Greece by Sesostris is setled by his being the same king of Egypt with Sesac mentiedmentioned in Scripture, & And the time of the coming of colonies of Phœnicians from Sidon into Crete & Greece under Cadmus & his br Alymaus, Phœnix & other captains if fixed by the
P.14.6. & The first annual Archon of Athens in the 498 or 49th Olympiad. & the first decennial Archon 340 or 450 years before, some of the seven decennial Archons dying in their regency.
18av12
May it please yoryour LordpsLordships I have procured an assay to be made of the Oar wchwhich your LpLordship sent to me, & send you inclosed the Report of the Assayer. by which He found neither silver nor Lead nor any other metal in the Oar: but in melting assaying it some part of it evaporated in a sulphureous fume & the rest became a cinder without yeilding any metall. He tells me that if he had had a sufficient quantity of Oar he would have made two or three more assays. For a single aAssay is scarce to be trusted sufficient to ground a report upon by reason of the different natures of Oars, & unforeseen accidents. & the different natures of Oares. ; & He tells me also that the Oare wchwhich I gave him was scarce sufficient to make a single assay: & that to enable him to make a rReport with assurance, there should have been a pound of oar or at the least half a pound, I am & that if I can help him to any more of the Oar he will repeat the Assay. I am My Lord yoryour LordpsLordships most humble & most obedient ServtServant
And we do not read in scripture that any king of Egypt came into Pho came ino Phœnicia out of Egypt with an army into Phœnicia before the father of Solomons Queen. He took Gezer & gave it to his daughter, & proceeded no fu
And The father of Solomons Queen was the first king of Egypt who came into Phenicia wchwhich an army. He But he only took Gezer & gave it to his daughter.
him whom by way of submission to the conqueror bthey called Melcartus, king of their city city, because he was assumed the title of king of kings & Lord of Lords. [And this Temple they adorned with – – ] that Hercules of whom Pomponius writes (lib. 3. cap. 6) Temptum Ægyptij Herculis, conditoribus, religione, vetustate, opibus illustre, Tyrij condindere.
The Poets place the flood of Deucalion in the reign of Cranaus & presently after the reign of Lycaon in Arcadia & also & als just after the reign of Lycaon in Arcadia & , & therefore the reign of Amphictyon at Thermopylæ, that of Hellan in Thessaly, & that of the sons of Lycaon in Pelopennesus, began a few years (suppose 5 or ten about 8 or 12) years before the reign of Erechtheus in Attica or about the time that the Phænician reign of Asterius Phœnicians came into Greece under the conduct of Cadmus, & that reign of Abibalus began at Tyre & that of Astesius in Crete.
Lycurcus –
–Erechtheus & Minos. And Chiron was begot – – – of his father Asterias in Crete fourth year of Solo – – And unless Chiron was above 84 years old in the time of the Argonautic Expedition – – – –will not begin before the reign of Solomon. Mythologists say – when Alcmena was with child by Heracles wthwith who was born about the 8th or 10th year of Solomon Rehoboam as above. And Niobe the daughter of Phoroneus – – – of Argus the son of Iupiter & Niobe & successor of his grandfather Phoroneus at Argos king of Argus next after his grandfather Phoroneus. Io the daughter of Inachus & sister of Phoroneus was one generation older then Niobe – – – – – – answers to the golden age. Hesiod tells us that he himself lived in the fift age & calls that the iron; for the present age is always the iron age. Hesiod therefore flourished in the fift age the age next after the taking of Troy. This fable of the four ages seems to have been made by the Curetes in the fourth age, the po in honour of their country-woman Europa & her posterity kings of Crete & in memory of the first four ages of their coming into Europe as into a new world. In the first age reigned Asterius the husband of Europa & the Saturn of the Latines. In the next This age began about the 16th or 18 year of Davids reign when the Phœnicicans came first into Europe under Cadmus & Atymnus, & The In the second reigned Minos th the son of Europa a king celebrated for dominion & justice, the Iupiter nursed up by the Curetes in whose reign the Greeks began to plow & sow & on whose sepulchre was inscribed τοῦ Διο ΤΟΥ ΔΙΟΣ. The His In the beginning of his reign he begat Apis of Niobe suppose in the 6th year of Solomon: & in the end o his reign ended when Alcmenas was with child of Hercules suppose in the 8th year of Rehoboam. Then reigned Deucalion the son of Minos till the Argonautic Expedition, & Idomeneus his grandson who warred at Troy.] – into a new world, & in honour of their country-woman Europa & her husband Asterius the Saturn of the Latines, & of their son Minos the Cretan ♃ & grandson Deucalion who warred at Troy reigned till the Argonautic expedition & great greandson Idomeneus who warred at Troy. Hesiod tells us that he himself lived in the iron fift age, & therefore he lived in the age next after the taking of Troy, &
as old as Inachus the father of Phoroneus. And being only almost 700 years Acusilaus & his followers making them almost 700 years older than the truth, to make out this recconing Chronologers have lengthed the races of the kings of Argos & Sicyon, & for that end they have changed several – Kings of Sicyon.
19
The first men would be apt to reccon by days & nights new moons & full moons summers & winters & thence came yethe Lunisolar years. For these years seem to have been generally received in the first ages being the oldest years of the Iews Egyptians Chald Assyrians Greeks Latins &c. So Moses tells us that at yethe Creation God appointed yethe sun & moon for signs & for seasons & for days & for years: wchwhich is as much as to say that yethe first ages numbred their Months by yethe revolutions of the moons & their years & seasons of summer & winter seed time & harvest by yethe revolutions o revolutions of yethe sun. & & of the seasons wchwhich accompanied it accompanied wthwith the seasons of summer & winter & ripe fruits And as often as they found 12 Lunar months too short for yethe year they added a thir For before the inventions of Astronomical rules they had could have no other way recconning them by the visible returns of yethe sun & moon & seasons of the year. But at length finding that a Moon conteined almost 30 30 days & that there were sometingsomething more then 12 moons – 1260 days. And As oft th as they had occasion Yet to reccon times past or to come, the because they could not be assisted in such recconings by the visible revolutions of yethe Sun & M oon & knew not the exact length of yethe year, they would be apt to make their recconnings in the nearest round numbers of 30 days to an month & 12 months to a year, while at yethe same time they used yethe Luni-solar year in civil affairs & determined it by the visible revolutions of the sun & moon & returns of the annual seasons. For I do not find that any nation ever kept account in civil affairs by s 30 days to a month & 12 months to a year. In all antiquity there is no mention of any aÆra of such years notr is it probable that such an Æra could have been lasting because in yethe space of 35 years it would turn winter into summer & summer into winter.
The months of the years of ancient Ægyptians kept to certain seasons for Ioseph interprets seven kine fat or lean & seven ears &c – aristas. So also th The months of yethe years wchwhich the Iews brought out of Egypt kept to certain seasons of the year because For in the first month they offered the first fruits of their w For the first month they called Abib that is an ear of corn because in this month the corn began to be in yethe ear, & in the feast of this month they offered began to put the siccle into the corn & offered the first fruts fruits of thereof. . From that time they counted 4 7 weeks & then kept yethe of harvest & in yethe seventh month they kept yethe feast of ingathering after they had gathered their corn & wine & fruit Exod 23.16 Levit. 23.15, 39. Deut. 9.13. [Their year had a double ybeginning the one in spring in the month Abib according to yethe institution of Moses & the other in autumn in the month Tisri according to their old recconing before they came out of Egypt.] & & henc And hence its manifest that their year consisted not of any certain 360 or 365 or any other certain number of days but was regulated by the visible revolutions of yethe sun & seasons of yethe year. For being Luni-solar Their months began on the New moons Psal 81.3. Num 10.10 & 28.11, & therefor their years were Luni-solar. And tho Solomon had 12 officers wchwhich provided victuals each man his month in the year 1 King 4.7 & David had 12 Captains for all the twelve months of the year wchwhich came in & went out month by month throughout all yethe months of yethe year. 1 Chron 27 yet it is not said that the turns of every Officer & captain fell always upon the same season & month of the year. The The months might be Lunar & the year thirteen of them sometimes go to yethe year notwithstanding these institutions. T [The 24 houses of Priests served in order. For the like courses of yethe Priests were observed after yethe captivity (Luke 1) when the year (as all allow) was Lunisolar. Their year had a double beginning the one in spring in the month Abib by the institution of Moses & the other in Tis autumn in the month Tisri according to their old recconing before they came out of Egypt And thence I gather that yethe year of the Egyptians till the age of Moses was Lunisolar like that of yethe Iews & began in autum. [ F Ioseph interprets Lunisolar years seven fat kine far or lean & seven ears of corn to signify seven Egyptian years fat kine being put for yethe plentiful years of grass & ears of corn for harvests according to yethe phrase language of yethe poet, Post septem aristas.] And this shews that yethe Egyptians years the were answered were equivalent answered to yethe returns of summer & harvest were then taken for Egyptian years. And this shews that yethe months of yethe old Egyptian year kept their seats according to yethe several to the same seasons of the year like that of the Iews]. The year of yethe Iews had a double two beginnings, the one in spring the other in autumn in the month Abib, the other in by the institution of Moses & yethe other in autumn in yethe month Tisri according to their old recconing before they came out of Egypt. From all wchwhich I gather that yethe old year of yethe Egyptians was And no doubt they then used the year of the Egyptians their Lords wchwhich was &therefore the old Egyptian year was Lunisolar & like that of the Iews & began in Autum. So the ancient years of the Chaldeans Arabians & Syrians was Lunisolar & of the several Greek nations wasere Lunisolar & began at certain seasons as the Chaldean & Arabian with that Lunar month wchwhich happened in the autumnal Equinox the Olympic years & yethe Macedonic years with theat Lunar month wchwhich happened in or next after yethe summer solstice, the Attic, Bœtic Laconic & Syracusan years with that Lunar month wchwhich happened in yethe winter solstice. And Censor so in Italy (as Censorin. cap. 20.Cen sorinus
Censorinus tells us, alium, Ferentini, aluim Lavinij, itemque Albani vel Romani habuerent annum; ita et aliæ gentes. Omnibus tamen fuit propositum suos civiles annos, gravie intercalendis mensibus, ad unum verum illum natualemque corrigere. Censorino cap. 20.
20
Again, after Tisamenes reigned Temenus in Argos & five others in Argos untill Phidon who was the tenth from Hercules & yethe sixt from Temensus inclusively. He was the first introduced weigthts & measures & was the first who coyned money in Greece. His brother was Caranus the founder of the kingdom of Macedon & between Caranus & that Alexander who was contemporary to Xerxes were nine kings. So that between Temenus & A the end of 19th year of Darius Hystaspis wheren Alexander (according to) began his reign there were the reigns of 15 Kings wchwhich recconning 21 year a piece to a reign make 315 Kings.
Anno post captam Trojan 80mo Heraclidæ in Pelopponnesum redierunt ducibus Aristodemo Temeno & Cresphonte Aristomachi filijs Aristomachi qui fuit filus Cleodæi qui fuit tertuis ab Hercule. Duces illi Exinde Temenus & alij q posteri regnarunt in Argo Exinde Temenus Argos, Cresphontes Messenian, & Aristodemi filij Lacedæmo obtinuerunt. Sextus a Temeno, decimus ab Hercule fuit Phidon qui who introduced weights & measures into Greece & was the first who coyned money in Greece. He was brother was to Caranus the founder of yethe kingdom of Macedon & between Caranus & Alexander who according to Eusebius began his reign in yethe 19 year of Darius Hystaspis, there were nine successive king, so that from yethe return of yethe Heraclidæ to yethe 19th year of Darius there were 16 15 reigns of kings wchwhich at 21 years to a reign make 315 years. in all And by this recconing the 15th return of yethe Heraclidæ into Peloponnesus will be (I.P. 3896) 1623 years after yethe death of Solomon.
Again cCresphontes & seven others reigned successively in Messene till the beginning of the first Messenian warr, so that recconing 21 years to a reign there were 168 years between the return of yethe Heraclidæ & beginning of that warr. The war lasted 20 years & ended an. 1. Olymp. 214 () & therefore counting backwards 188 years the return of yethe Heraclidæ will be (I.P. 3842) 69 years after ye death of Solomon
Again at Argos And at Argos after Orestes & Tisamenes reigned Temenus & six othes successively at Argos the last of wchwhich was Phidon who introduced weights & measures & was the first who coyned money in Greece. He was & whose He was brother was to Caranus the founder of the Kingdom of Macedon & between Caranus & Alexander Alexander P that K. of Macedon who (that king who (according to Euseb. ) began his reign in yethe 19 9t 19 year of Darius Hystaspis Artaxerxes Longimanus Darius Hystaspis there were 109 successive Kings so ytthat there were in all 18 successive reigns between the death of Ægystus & yethe 19th year of Darius wchwhich at 21 years to a reign make 378 years & these years counted bacward place the beginnin death of Ægystus beginning of yethe reign of Orestes about 100 years after yethe death of Solomon at wchwhich rate the destruction of Troy will be 90 years after later then the death of Solomon.
Now [from the coming of Cadmus into Europe unto yethe Trojan War destruction of Troy was about 130 or 140 years.. For from Cadmus as I shall shew hereafter. wchwhich counted from yethe latter end of Davids reign will place the destruction of Troy about 80 or 90 years after the death of Solomon as above] Eteocles & Polynices the sons of Oedipus the son of Laius, the son of Labdacus, the son of Polydorus, the son of Cadmus & Harmonia were slew one another in the war of the seven Captains at Thebes & a little before the war of Troy & ten years after Thersander the son of Polynices warred against took Thebes & was soon after slain by Telephus in going to the war at Troy (Pausan Boeot. c 5 p. 722.) No These six generations by the eldest sons between the coming of Cadmus & the warr of Troy could scarce take up less time then 130 or 140 years between yethe coming of Cadmus & the warr of Troy wchwhich wchwhich with the ten years duration of that warr being counted from the middle of latter p Davids reign will place yethe beginning of yethe Trojan war taking of Troy about 80 or 90 years later then the death of Solomon & yethe end thereof as above.
This recconing is still confirmed by considering that the warr of Troy by the consent of all antiquity was later then the reign of Sesostris & fell in wthwith the latter end of the reign of Memnon. For Sesostris was Sesach & Memnon died about 85 or 90 years after the death of Solomon as we shall shew hereafter. – as Arcadia from Arcas.
Plutarch nexi. 189 represents great uncertainty in yethe Originals of Rome. The old Records of the Latins were burnt by yethe Gauls 64 years before Alexanders death. A and Q. Fabius Pictor, the oldest Historian of the Latins, lived 100 years after his death later then Alexander & the Antiquities of yethe La & the chronology of yethe Latins was still later that King.
He represents that after yethe destruction of Troy, Teucer being barred by his father Telamon from returning into yethe Island Salamis by sailed to Cyprus & there being granted him by Belus yethe father of Dido he built yethe city Salamis, & told Dido the story of yethe Trojan war before she fled to Afric.
For Belus & his son Pygmalion reigned over Cyprus or some part thereof & built there the cities Citium Lapethus & Carpatia. Teucer And After the destruction of Troy Teucer being barred by his father Telamon from returning home into yethe Island Salamis sailed to Cyprus & there built Salamis & he & his posterity reigned there to Evagoras took till th till till Evagoras whom yethe Persians the last of these was invaded by the King of Persia in the days of Isocrates yethe Poet. Also Agapenor another Greek the Captain of yethe Arcadians after yethe destruction of Troy sailed to Cyprus & built the there a new Paphus & Temple of Venus about 60 furlongs from yethe old Paphus built by Cinyras [Now Y Virgil tells us that Teucer came to Cyprus Sidon in the reign of Belus the father of Dido & P who subdued Cyprus to seek new seats & that Belus had then conquered Cyprus For Belus & his son Pygmaleon reigned over Cyprus & there built the cities Citium Lapethus & Carpatia.] And Theopompus tells us that the Greeks who followed Agamemnon (meaning Teucer Agapenor & their companions &c Whence Ve And And Now Virgil tells us theat these things were done in yethe reign of Belus the father of Dido before she fled from her brother. For he represents introduces Dido speaking thus Atque equidem Teucrum memini Sidona
Atque equidem Teuerum memini Sidona venire
Finibus expulsum patrijs nova regna petentem
Auxilio Beli: genitor tum Belus opinam
Vastabal Cyprum & victor ditione tenebat.
Tempore jam ex illo casus mihi cognitus urbis
Trojanæ, nomenque tuum, regesque Pelasgi.
So then Belus therefore took Cyprus from Cinyras the posterity of Cinyras. For Belus & his son Pygmaleon reigned over Cyprus & built there the cities Citium Lapethus & Carpatia. Cinyras ~ ~ ~ & there gave seats to the Greeks who assisted him. Cyprum Subactam, saith Servius, concessiti Teucro ut in ea collocaret imperium. t Theopompus [l. 12 apud saith that yethe Greeks who followed Agamemnon (meaning Euc & Agapenor & their followers) seized Cyprus & ejected Cinyras. It seems they did it by the assistance of Belus Servius tells us alsothat this Belus was called also Methres & Iosephus calls him Matgenus. According to yethe Tyrian Annals he reigned 9 years & died 83 years after Solomon. Whence I gather that it follows ytthat Troy was taken about 75 or 80 or 80 years after yethe death of Solomons death.
In Till then the Greeks lived either first either wthwithout houses or & then or in villages or huts very meanly built & fed upon yethe spontaneus fruits of the earth without planting of trees or sowing corn without sowi plowing & sowing without wine or beer without commerce or money, often changing their seats in per without laws, or letters & being wthwithout fixed seats being in perpetual arms & often changing their seats as they drove out one another by force or sought a better soile until at length they villages combined to b wall in some towns for to wchwhich they might fly in case of danger & these towns w united under common councils & kings: wchwhich came first to pass in the days of Saul & David & their successors. And this is the reason why Greece was at first so very much divided in those days & did nothing in common before the war of Troy. How mean the towns & cities were in those days may be understood by Ovids description of old Rome. / How the several kingdoms of Egypt being united under one into one Monarchy seated at Thebes remai We have shewn how the cities of Egypt united very early into several small kingdoms & how those kingdoms grew at length into one Monarchy seated at Thebes remains now to be explained.
14
Anno XVIII Car II Cap. 5. An act for encouraging of Coynage.
And it is hereby further enacted that no monies leviable & payable by this Act, shall be applied or converted to any use or uses whatsoever other then to the defraying the charges of.
May it please your LordpsLordships Idel>We have further considered the proposal of erecting an Irish mint &wth&with my LdLord Chancellors thoughts upon yethe Report of the late Officers Warden & Master about it & upon a humbl waving all yethe interest that yethe any of the officers or other members I or others of the Mint in yethe Tower may have in the coynage we I humbly represent allow that what relates to yethe the effect wchwhich a new Mint may have upon ye minds of the people of Ireland is a political consideration not before us, & should have been waved in ytthat report, that the [A new Mint in Ireland of like equal advantages with ours to the Importer Merchants & others importing gold & silver is more like to derive Bullion from England then if it had some advantages] the advantages less were less, as they paid a seigniorage were that paid for coynage That we do not know And We do not know what these apprehension the people of England may have of such of the enlargemtenlargement of their trade & losing any part of their trade bullion or trade by such a Mint [may deserve yoryour LordpsLordships consideration] but we beleive that a Mint of equal advantages wthwith that in the Town is like to la orsours to Merchants & others Imports ising is like to ☉ & ☾ is more like to derive Bullion from England then if the advantages were less.
We find yethe Question about a new Mint depends so much upon political considerations that wchwhich are not before above us that we still think it safest to be cautious as yethe Officers of yethe Mint were as from yethe G as from Officers of yethe M as orour Predecessors have been. What effect it may have upon yethe minds of the People of Ireland or how the people and People of of England wise may relish it we are not able to foresee A Mint wchwhich gives equal advantages to yethe Merchant & other importers of bullion is more like to be of draw Bullion from England then one wchwhich wchwhich makes them pay a seigniorage. The How And how the people of England may relish it or what effect it may have upon yethe minds of the people of Ireland we are not able to foresee. All eyes will be upon it & We think it safer to have yethe sense of a ParliamtParliament about it before it be erected then afterwards. In yethe mean time we
Herodotus tells us that Leonidas (lib.7) makes Leutichides (the who commanded af yethe Navy of the Greeks against Xerxes) to be the 20th from Hercules & tells us that all the men in this succession were kings of Sparta except two. If to yethe 18 kings be allotted 21 years a piece & to yethe two private men gen generations 323 years a piece the whole succession will take up 446 years wchwhich counted back from yethe 6t year of Xerxes when Leonidas was slain at Thermopylæ, will place Hercules about 56 years after yethe death of Solomon agreably to yethe computations above.
1521
To the Rt HonbleHonourable Sidney LdLord Godolphin LdLord High Treasurer of England
May it please yoryour LordpLordship The Petition of Mr Cha. Fryth for an allowance in his AcctsAccounts now depending of 370.8.9 upon two Tickets of the MrMaster & WrWarden of Chester Mint wthwith yethe Report of the CommrsCommissioners of Excise upon it we received 30 March 1702 & in obedience to the Order of yethe then LdsLords CommrsCommissioners of yethe Treasury upon them we have enquiredexamined into yethe matter & humbly conceive the true state of it to be as follows
Mr Fryth imported into Chester Mint several parcels of hammered money wchwhich were all before Lady day 1702697 for all wchwhich he received back new moneys at 5s pr oz & cancelledin new monies & endorsed all the Tickets before yethe end of Iuly following. In May he imported two other parcells for wchwhich at 5s pr oz he was to receive back 807£. 10s & in part thereof received in August of Williams (Mr Neales Clerk 400£ & afterwards of Lewis another Clerk 300£ more & then recconing wthwith Lewis concealed the 400£ pdpaid by Williams & deducted only the 300£ & took Lewises Note for the remaining 507£. 10s & cancelled endorsed the Tickets: whereas he should have deducted also the 400£ & taken a Note only for 107£. 10s the true deficiency.. And this misreconning is yethe grownd of yethe Petition.
After these Importations there were two others in Iuly & August for wchwhich at 5s pr oz he Mr Fryth was to receive back 370£ 8s. 9d. And in October November & December following he did received of Lewis at 4 payments 500£, wchwhich if the recconing be set right makes up the aforesaid deficiency of 107£ 10s & discharges pays of yethe 370.8.9. due upon these last two Tickets for wchwhich an allowance is now petitioned & leaves 22£ .1s .3d in Mr Fryths his hands in part of the 8d pr oz wchwhichhe is was further to be allowed him by her MajtyMajesty in his AcctsAccounts now depending. For the 500£ was paid for out of the Treasury of yethe Mint in satisfaction for silver imported by Mr Fryth & therefore ought to be set off upon yethe Tickets & the surplus deducted in his AcctsAccounts from yethe allowance of 5s 8d pr oz in his AcctsAccounts now depending according to yethe words of yethe Act of ParliamtParliament wchwhich run thus. And that all & every such Receivers Geveral " & Collectors in their respective AcctsAccounts to his MajtyMajesty shall be allowed the deficiency " occassioned by the recoyning of the said hammered money that is to say the differ" ence between the summ of the hammdhammered money brought into yethe Mint computed at " 5s 8d p an ounce & the summ in tail of the new money wchwhich he or they do receive " back from yethe Mint for the same.
Therefore instead of allowing granting the Petition we are humble of opinion that Mr Fryth be further charged to her MatyMajesty wthwith 22.1.3 in his AcctsAccounts now depending.All wchwhich is most humbly submitted to yoryour LordpsLordships great wisdome.
Vpon All his importations at 5s 8d pr oz b amount unto he received out of the Mint in new monies by tale & in his Accompts now depending is to be further allowed
All wchwhich .
Ctesias & his followers suppo making Nineve to be ruined a little before the days reign of Tigtata Pulasser this king, have given occasion to Castor & some others to speak of a Ninus reigning after the over Assyria presently after the days of Sardanaplaus the last king of this city And thence Vsser in his Annals calls Tiglathpulasser by the name of Ninus junior. Its probable therefore ytthat this king was yethe Ninus who built Nineve that is fortified it & built it magnificently suitable to his conquests & that his wife was yethe Semiramis of Herodotus.
For Sardanapalus was not the same King wthwith Nabopolassar the father of Nebuchadnezzar as Polysstor affirms but contemporary to him.
The enemies of yethe Iews, as Manetho & Apion, by way of reproach derive the original of that nation from these shepherds expelled Egypt for their impieties & so Iews hence Diodorus makes them led out of Egypt by Moses &led into Phenicia by Moses just before Ierusalem & the Temple were built whereas Moses lived many before. And in If these authors & Diodoreus be corrected as to what they say of Moses, their words will amount to this, that a little before the building of Ierusalem & the Temple Moses a great body of foreigners being were expelled. Egypt & some of them came into Greece & other places under Cadmus & other leaders &but the greatest part of them settled in Phœnicia next Egypt. Its probab We may reccon therefore that the warrs between the Egyptians & the Shepherds were the occasion that in those days so many men came wthwith colonies out of Egypt & Phœnecia into Grece, as Cecrops, Cadmus, Erectheus, Peteos, Cadmus, Lelex tho Danaus seems rather to have fled from Sesostris befo long after the expulsion of the Shepherds because he fled in a long ship not in use before the days of Sesostris.
Diodorus here mistakes the n places Moses in a wrong age but thereby lets us know that yethe Shepherds were expelled Egypt just before yethe building of Ierusalem & the Temple & that several colonies of them & after several hardships some of them came in to Greece & other places under the Conduct of leaders as Cadmus & other leaders Captains but the most of them settled in Phenicia next Egypt. We may reccon therefore that the warrs between the Egyptians & yethe Shepherds were the occassion that in those days so many maen came wthwith colonies out of Egypt & Phenicia into Greece, as Cecrops, Lelex Cadmus, Lelex Erechteus, Peteos, Danaus, tho Danaus seems rather to have fled from Sesostris long after yethe expulsion of yethe Shepherds because he fled in a long ship not in use before yethe days of Sesostris.
The expulsion of these shepherds Polemo placeds in the time of Apis the son of Phoroneus, as above, &But this Apis was contemporary to Sesostris being taken by the Greeks for Osiris the Egyptian Osiris a little later being taken by the Greeks for the Egyptian Osiris who was Sesostris as we shall shew hereafter & Appion placed it in the days of the Grammarian relates out of Ptolomy Priest of Mendes in Egypt the Mendesian an Egyptian Priest that Amosis who expelled them shepherds & ruined Avaris was contemporary to Inachus king of the Argos. I had
And this is confirmed by the rapture of Io the daughter of Inachus a little wchwhich Herodotus places a little before the rapture
of Europa & wchwhich was consequent to yethe trafic of the Phenicians in Grece occasioned by the expulsion of the shepherds & victories of David over Edom. So that there is scarce any memory of things done in Europe older then the expulsion of these shepherds or the shutting them up in Avaris. For For the Greeks know nothing older then Inachus & before Cadmus brought letters into Europe there nothing could be long remembered.
After the Egyptians had expelled these strangers they seem for some time to have treated with severelity such strangers as end remained in Egypt or endeavoured to enter it. And hence came the story of Busiris & For Busiris reigned in Egypt in the days of Cadmus or immediately before when Proteus fled from him Busiris him into Phœnicia as you heard above. His sacrificing strangers seems a story story
22
feigned by the shepherds & Isocates absolves him from the crime.
The Arundelian Marbles place Cecrops
Cecrops is recconed the first Egyptian who came into Greece & the Arundelian Marbles begin place his reign therecoming thither 64 years before the coming of Cadmus, & 72 years before the coming of Danaus. So that he seems to have fled fled from Egypt so that he seems to have fled from Egypt in yethe days of Samuel upon yethe upon yethe very first expulsion of the Shepherds suppose in the days of Samuel For I take him to be one of yethe Shepherds because he brought into Greece Cyprus the sacrificinesg of men an impiety the Egyptians were free from. 'For there a man was yearly sacrificed to Agraulos the daughter of Cecrops And bBy the Colonies wchwhich came came wthwith him & others brought from Egypt & Phenicia, the sacrificing of men seems also to have been brought into Europe. But we do not read that any of them attempted to bring circumcision into Grece as it's probable some of them would have done had they been true Egyptians.
aApudEuseb. Chron. gr. Item Excepta Chronoligica barbaro Latina. Castor & some others speak of a Ninus King of Assyria after the time that wherein Ctesias & his followers place yethe reign of Sardanapalus & that is about the days of Tiglathpilasser & Vsser calls him Ninus junior & takes him for the same king with Tiglathpileser Whence I reccon that Tiglathpilasser was the Ninus who built Nineveh & not the first for that is fortified it & built it magnificently & suitable to his conquests & that the Ninus & Semiramis of Herodotus was the wife of this king.
Alexander Polyistor (Apud Euseb Chron. Gr)takes Sardanapalus for Napbopolasser the Father of the king of B.who sent his son Nebuchadnezzar who beseiged Troy against Nineve, & gives the name of Saracus to yethe king of Nineve. He places Sardanapalus in the right age but shoud have make him king of Nineve.
aaApud Eseb. Præp. Ev. l. 10. c. 10. Africanus relates that Polemo, in libro Græcarum Historiarum primo, said expresly that in the time of Apis the son of Phoroneus part of yethe Egyptian army withdrew it self from Egypt & seated it self in Palestine not far from Arabia. And aAfricanus takes these for yethe Israelites led out of Egypt by Moses. And Appion the Grammarian relates out of Ptolemy Priest of maedes saith ytthat Amosis a king of Egypt who was contemporary to Inachus king of Argos ruined Avaris & in his reign the Iews came out of Egypt under Moses. By Amosis he means Tethmosishummosis the son of Misphragmuthosis.
Diodorus in his 40th book (p. 736) saith that In Egypt there were formerly multitudes of strangers of several nations who used forreign rites & ceremonies in worshipping the Gods for wchwhich they were expelled Egypt & under Danaus, Cadmus & other skilful commanders after great hardships came into Grece & other places, but the greatest part of them came into Iudea a country then Desaet & uninhabited not far from Egypt a country then Desart & uninhabited, being conducted by thither by under one Moses a wise & valiant man who after he had possessed the city amo himself of the country among other cities built Ierusalem & the Temple, & gave laws to the people.
Busiris, the king or viceroy who reigned in Egypt next after the expulsion of the shepherds, sent after & was cruel to all strangers on their acctaccount.
The
1523
A MonsrMonsieur
MonsrMonsieur Iohn Bernoulli Professeur des Mathematiques a Bazsle en la Suisse. en la auisse.
To the RtReverent HonbleHonourable the Lords of the Committee of Councill appointed to consider of his MajsMajesties Coronation
May it please yoryour Lord psLordships
In obedience to yoryour Lord psLordships Order of Reference
& the end of the first Mesenian war And these years being counted backwards place the end of the first Messenian the interval between the end of the first Messenian war & the sixt year of Xerxes. Confirm the beginning of this intervall count backwards 190 or 200 years to yethe return of the Heraclides into Peloponnesus & from the end thereof count forwards 139 years to yethe 20th year of Philip An. 4 Olymp 109; & the whole recconing will make almost 480 years from the return of the Heraclides P unto the 20th year of Philip: whereas Ephorus &c
1724
To the Rtthe interval between the end of the first Messenian war & the sixt year of Xerxes.Reverent HonbleHonourable the Earl of Godolphin Lord High Treasurer of great Britain.
May it please your LordpLordship In obedience to yoryour LordpsLordships order of the Reference of May 6th (brought to us Iune 30th) upon the annexed Proposal of Mr WmWilliam Morgan & others brought to us by the Proposer Iune 30th for taking in the old copper money & coyning a thousand Tunns of better copper money in its stead in within the term of seven years, provided the loss wchwhich they may sustain by changing the old money for the new & the interest of forty thousand pounds dead stock may be allowed them over & above the price of the new metal & charges of coynage: We have considered the same & are humbly of the opinion that the loss wchwhich the nation would be sustein by melting down the old copper money & the interest of the dead stock would amount to above eighty thousand pounds & are an unnecessary charge, & that the coynage of a thousand Tunns would make a very great clamour, six hundred Tunns being sufficient to stock the nation. And we further humbly represent that a constant coynage of about eight or ten Tunns per an̄annum may be sufficient to supply the yearly wast of the present copper money, that such a small coynage is safest but not yet wanting, that it may be above ten or twelve years before the coynage of an hundred Tunns shall be wanting & that a greater coinage will not be advisable untill there be a great & general complaint of the want of copper money.
All wchwhich is most humbly submitted to your LordpsLordships great wisdome
In deifying the dead it was usual to give them a new names, So Sesach was deified by yethe name of Sirius
as by calling Sesak Sirius, Ino Leucothea, Melicerta Palæmon Alcæus Hercules &c & the Greeks deified several of their nation by the names of the Gods of Egypt as the son of Semele by the name of Bacchus, the son of Penelope by the name of Pan the son of Alcmena by the name of Hercules, the mother of Achilles by the name of Thetis, the son of Maia by the name of Her Mercury, the Erechtheus & Æolus by the name of Neptune, the father of Alcippe by the name of Mars, & Minos by the name of Iupiter . And thus the thus by worshipping their p own people by the names & with yethe ceremonies of the Gods of Egypt the Greeks Idolatry of yethe Greeks was Egyptians was brought into Europe Greeks introduced the Idolatry of the Egyptians into Europe. [And after the exam- of the Oracle of Iupiter Ammon set up in Libya upon the conquest of that country by Ammon, the Egyptians people who came from Egypt & Libya into Greece set up there the Oracles of Iupiter Dodonæas at Dodona, Delphos,]
& lasted 10 years. These are the was famous wars between Iupiter & the Titans of wchwhich the Scholiast upon Æschylus (in Prometheo v. 351) saith la that they lasted ten years. Sesostris therefore.
In the end of the reigns of Orus the Arabic Ethiopians under Hercules se
The Ethiopians under Hercules, after they had rescued Egypt from the invasion & retired of Typhon & retired into their own seats, seem to have come down into Egypt, drowned Orus & invaded his kingdom.
The Titans who drowned Orus, seem to be Hercules & his associates who after they had rescued Egypt from Typhon, retired into their own seats for a time, but in the end of the after a while returned & invaded Egypt For Pliny tells us
26
Thoas lay wthwith his own daughter Smyrna & of her begot Adonis. He is promiscuously called Thoas Theias & Cinyras He left his daughter Hypsipyla in Lemnos & gave her a purple cloak wchwhich he had received of Bacchus & when the weomen of Lemnos slew their husbands, she became Queen of the Island. ✝ Apollodorus represents him contemporary to Pigmaleon king of Cyprus. & therefore the Trojan war & the building of Carthage was in one & the same age as above Some call him By his skill in metalls & his being placed in Lemnos by Rhadamanthus he seems to have been a Cretan & most probably he & his workmen were so & most probably one of the he & his workmen were some of the Curetes. For the sacred rites & ceremonies institutes in Lemnos were like those instituted by the Curetes in Samtothrace & other places & enterteined the Argonauts.
✝ He was so much favoured by Bacchus as to be reputed his son by Ariadne. Antonius Liberalis saith that Theias the father of Smyrna & Adonis was the son of Belus & Apollonius that Thoas the father of Hypsipyla was the son of Bacchus. for Belus & Bacchus are b & Panyasis that Thoas the father of Smyrna was king of yethe Assyrians & Hyginus that Cinyras the father of Smyrna was king of the Assyrians. Belus So that Thoas or Theias the father of Smyrna Theias the father of Smyrna Cynyras the father of Smyrna & Thoas the father of Hypsipyla are one & the same man. BBy his skill in metals & other places And to yethe same purpose it is that the Poets call Vulcan yethe son of Iupiter, that is of Iupiter Belus or Bacchus. From his great age the Latines seem to have called him Baal some Vlcanus. . The Phenicians called him Belus Baal the smith worshipped him by the name of Iupiter diamichius the th or Belus the smith Artist Artificer called him Baal Michius & from his great age the Latines seem to have called him might call him old Baal, Baal canus, Volcan, Apollodorus represents him contemporary to Pigmaleon king of Cyprus & therefore the Trojan war & was in one & the same age with the building of Carthage, was in one and the same age as above.
Belus Baal The Phenician. The names of the great men of Phenicia were frequently compounded of Baal, & from the great age of Cinyras the Latines
Altars might begin to be erected before the days of Cadmus, & Temples
began a little after. for Æacus iswho was two generations older then the Trojan wars is recconed the first or one of the first who built a Temple in Greece
This is that Thoas of whom Pliny saith Argentum invenit Erechthonius Atheniensis, ut alij Æacus: auri metalla et conflaturam Cadmus Phœnix ad Pangæum montem, ut alij Thoas et Æacus.
Wh An
And Selden The Babylonians had a feast wchwhich they called Sacea & began upon the 16 day of yethe month Lous & lasted 5 days , iIn wchwhich this feast the sevantsservants ruled & the masters served as in the Saturnalia. T The ceremony imports that it was instituted in memory of a conquest & the name may relate to the conqueror & from the God to whom this feast to whom as a God this feast was dedicated as a God of by the Babylonians. And from this God of the aa Seldende Dijs Syris. Syntag. II. c. 13. some think that Babylon was called Sesach Ier. 25.26 & 51.41.
Hypsiphila the Queen of Lemnos who entertained the Argonauts was the daughter of Thoas & this Thoas was the favorite of Bacchus & by consequence the husband Vulcan of the ancients For Apollonius tells us that Bacchus left his purple cloak to his son Thoas & he left it to his daughter Hypsipyla. [Argonaut l. 4 v. 426] But Thoas this Thoas was too old to be the son S [As Thoas the the father of Hypsiphyla is here called the son of Bacchus, so Theias the sfather of Hy Smyrna that is Cyinyras is by Antonius Liberalis said to be the son of Belus. Because he was the favorite of Bacchus or Belus the called him his son] By the age of Hypsipyla & the friendship of Bac you may know that her father Thoas reigned in Lemnos in the time of when Sesostris Bacchus invaded Greece & by consequence was the Thoas husband of his mistress Venus that is & so that is at the same time with Thoas or Theias the husband of Venus & father of Adonis & loved lay with Venus & by consequence that Venus was his wife. He was called the son of Bacch bBecause he was the favorite of Bacchus his is feigned to be his son & in the same Theyas or Thoas the father of Smyrna, that is Cyinyras, is was called the son of Belus.
Cyinyras is by Panyasis Panyasis called Thoas king of the Assyrians, that is is, of yethe Syrians. & by Antonius Liberalis calls him Theias the son of Belus [& father of Smyrna, & saith that Smyria was born in Libanus. Hyginus calls him the son of Phapus & saith that he built the city Smyrna so called from his daughter. Whence it should seem that Smyrna was born before he left Lemnus: for Lemnus has but two cities Hephestia & Smyrna was a city of Lemnus.] Apollodorus saith that he was born in Cilicia & went from thence to Cyprus & there bult Paphus.
Apollodorus saith that Cynyras was born in Cilicia, & went from thence to Cyprus & there built Paphos & that hie maried Metharne the daughter of Pygmaleon king of Cyprus & the & by whom he had Adonis & the he his three daughters who flying from yethe anger of Venus married forreigners & died in Egypt. By his living till the times of the Trojan war & being contemporary to Pygmaleon may be gathered that the Trojan wasr was inwas in the same age wthwith the reign of Pygmaleon & same age with the the building of Carthage by Dido, but that Adonis was the grandchild of Pygmaleon may be doubted. is not certain probable certain Hesiod calls him Adonis the son of Apollodorus He is usually reputed the son of thers say he was the son of Smyrna by her own father Cynyras the daughter of Cyinyras. Panyasis saith that he was the son of Thoas king of yethe Assyrians & of Smyrna who was the daughter of Thoas, by Thoas in caring Cinyras. For And Higynus tells that he was the son of Cinyras king of the Assyrians & of Smyrna, who was the daughter of Cynyras, & the nymph Cenchreis [& of the nymph Cenchreis] bBy the Assyrans they meanintg the Syrians. And Antonius Liberalis, saith that Smyrna wa the mother of Adonis was the daughter of Theias & ytthat Theias was the son of Belus. So This is that Thoas who was succeeded in Lemnos by his daughter Hypsipyla. who For by her [enterteining the Argonauts you may know that she] reigneding there in the time of thaet Argonautic expedition you may know that her father reigned there one generation earlier that is in the days of Sesostris &c or Bacchus & Apollonius lets us know that he was the great favorite of Sesostris tellsing us that Bacchus left his purple cloak to his son Thoas & Thoas left it to his daughter Hypsipyla. As Antonius Liberalis calls Theias But tho he is sometimes b called the son of Belus or Bacchus yet since he was placed in Lemnos before by Rhadamanthus before the exped Bacchus invaded took thoese Islands of the Hellespont from the Cretans, its more probable that he was a Cretan & by his skill in metals & the sa that he & his workmen were some of the Curetes. For the sacred rites & religious institutions of Lemnus were the of the same kind with those of Samothrace & other places instituted by the Curetes, or & therefore instituted by the Curetes of the same kind wthwith those instituted by the Curetes in Samothrace & other places.
2618
The 11,000000l will be paid off by 100000 pr an in 37
years. The 35∟000000 by 900000 pr an in 21
years & by 1000000 per an in 20 years & half a quarter. And the 13500000l by 75000l per an in 46 years.
A pound wtweight new Plate is better then a pound wtweight old plate by 8dwt 2s. 2d∟8108. wchwhich A f fine silver that is 2s. 2d∟8108. And 1dwt of fine silver is worth 3
And a pound of new plate is worth 3l. 4s. 2d∟8108. And an ounce of f new plate is worth 5s. 4d∟23423 or 5s. 4d.
Phryixus & Helle were the children of Athamas the brother of Peneres Sisyphus & Cretheus & Magnes And these three were the sons of Æolus the son of Hellen [ took th Ætolia from the Curetes & lost it to Pelops & was expelled by Pelops.] Endymion took Ætolia from the Curetes & left it to his son Æetolus] who & took Ætolia from Ætolus the younger son of Endymion
1. v Celeus king of Eleusis was the son of Rharus the son of Cranaus the successor of Cecrops an Egyptian who married Agraulos the Egyptia daughter of Actæus. & And therefore Cecrops came into Greece about three generation of 90 years before Ceres, & by consequence in the High-priesthood of Eli.
2. v Car the son of Phoroneus the son of Inachus built a Temple to Cerus in Megara & this was after th in imitation of the Temple of Ceres in Eleusis, & therefore Inachus who gave his name to the river Inachus was contemporary to Cecrops & might come into Greece at the same time.
4 v Areas the son of Callisto the daughter of Lycaon the son of Æzeus, or as some say of Pelasgus, received corn from PelasgusTriptolemus & taught his people to make bread of it & so did Eumelus the first king of Achaia: & therefore Areas & Eumelus were contemporary to Triptolemus, & Lycaon to Cranaus & Ezeus & Pelasgus to Cecrops. &
Erechtheus succeeded his father Pandion in the kingdom of Attica & Pandion succeeded Cranaus. And Amphictyon the son of Deucalion reigned over some part of Attica in the days of Pandion.
Pelops came into Peloponnesus in the reign of Myles & Polycaon Eprus & Ætolus the sons of Endymion, & took Ætolia from Æolus who by the assistance of his father Endymion had taken it from the Curetas. And therefore Endymion was contemporary to Cadmus.
1 Xuthus the youngest son of Hellen the son of Deucalion married Creusa the daughter of Erechtheus & their younger son Ion upon the death of Ceres married commanded the army of the Athenians against the Eleusinians.] P 1 4Endymion was the son of Aëthlius the son of Protogenia the sister of Hellen & daughter of Deucalion. 2 Cephalus the son of Daioneus the son of Ælus the son of Hellen of Hellen married Procris the daughter of Erechtheus & Procris fled from her husband to Minos Phrixus & Helle the children of Athamas the brother of Sisyphus the & son of Hellen fled from their spe stepmother Ino the daughter Ino the daughter of Cadmus to Ætes at Colchos presently after the return of Sesostris into Ægypt. And Iason the Argonaut was the son of Æson the son of Critheus the son of Æolus the son of Hellen. And the Greeks say that Amphictyon the brother of Hellen & son of Deucalion reigned at the same time with Cranaus over Attica & that the flood of Deucalion was in the reign of Cranaus. And by these circumstances Hellen was almost was contemporary to Pandion the predecessor ofhis old about one generation older then Erechtheus, but might be a little ten or twenty y a little older so as to be or of about the same age with David & Aerisius & Eurydice. And by these circumstances Hellen was about one & Deucalion about two generations older then Erechtheus. & not much more They could not be much older because Xuthes the youngest son of Hellen married Creusa the daughter of Erechtheus & their youngesrt son Ion upon the death of Ceres commended the army of the Eleusian Athenians against the Eleusinians; nor much as younger because E Cephalus the son of Deioneus the son of Ælus the son of Hellen married Procris the daughter of Erechtheus & Procris fled from her husband to Minos.
X Erechtheus was an Egyptian & suceeded Cranaus who s & he Cranaus succeeded Cecrops who came from Egypt & married Argaulos the daughter of Actæus, & Amphi]yictyon the son of Deucalion & brother of Hellen reigned in Attica at the same time with Cranaus over Attica, & that the flood of Deucalion was in the reign of Cranaus.
5 v Acrisius & Pretus were the sons of Abas the son of Lynceus. But this Lynceus was not that sa the same with the son of Ægyptus the brother of Danaus but an Æyptian as old as Inachus & Cecrops. Abas built Abæ in Phocis.
3 v Eurydice & her brother Amyclas were the children of Lacedæmon & Sparta & Lacedæmon was the son of Tayyeta & Sparta the daughter of Eurotas the son or brother of Myles the b older brother of Polycaon & son of Lelex.~ ~ ~ ~ ~ PMyles succeeded his father Lelex in Sparta Lacea Laconia in Elis & Polycaon married Messene the daughter of Triopas the son of Phorbas the brother Pirasus & invaded Messene then peopled only by villaes & built cities therein & called it Messene after the name of his wife. Myles set up a Quern or hand mill to grind corn & is reputed the first in G who did so in Greece; but he seems to have had his corn from Egypt.
6 v Aegyialeus the first King of Sicyon was the brother of Phoroneus & son of Inachus. And He Ægyialeus died wthwithout issue & after him After him reigned Telchim Europs, Telchim & Apis, Lamedon, Sicyon &c. successively Apis was the son of Niobe the daughter of Phoroneus. The Poets say that he was the son of Iupiter & Niobe the first woman wthwith whom Iupiter lay. Chronogers The Greeks feign that Apis went into Egypt & there became the God whom the God whom the Egyptians know as Serapis & Osiris. And therefore in the opinion of the ancient Greek the the reign of Apis in Greece preceded that of Apis in Egypt, & therefore it ended before the middle of Solomons reign. We have placed his death about the 10th year of Sol Apis Epaphus & Epopeus are one & the same man we placed hi have placed his death upon the 10 year of Solomon. And so Inachus who was three generations older might flourish in the days of Eli as above.who wthwith Apis Apis Epaphus & Epopeus are one & the same king. And Epopeus was slain about the 10th year of Solomon as above & migh flourish in the prime Inachus being who was three generations older might flourish in the da days of Eli, as above
27
2A Erechtheus was an Egyptian & for & succeeded Cranaus in whose days the place the flood ofDeucalion & Cranaus might reig about the middle of Davids reign & e Varroe Varro apud Augustin. l. 8. c. 10 the marbles place the flood of Deucalion in the reign of Cranaus. Between Cranallus & Erechtheus by the service of yethe King of Athens HistoriansChronologers place Amphictyon Erechthonius & Pandion. By Ampictyon I suppose they mean the son of Deucalion. For the Marbles say that Deucalion fled from the flood in the time of his flood came fled to Athens & thus he was in the reign of Cranaus about ten years before the comming of Cadmus & place the reign of Amyphatyon at Thermopylæ seven years after the coming of Cadmus into Greece thre years after that. Deucalion might comefly to Athens & his son Amphityon reignsucceeded him at Thermopylæ & Hellen in Phthiotis without interrupting putting an endthe reign of Cranaus. No And as for Erecthonius & his son Pandion I take them to be the same kings wthwith Erechtheus & his son Pandion the names being only respected with a little variation. For Erecthonius is by Homer called Erechtheus the son of the (he that was the son of the earth nursed up by Minerva) is by Homer called Erechtheus. And Themistuis (Orat.XIX) tells us that it was Erectheus who a chariot was first joyned chariot to horses. by Erectheus. And Ierom the catalogue of kings calls thim Erechtheus the fourth king of Athens. And Plato alluding to Erechthenius in a basket saith, the people of magnanimous Erechtheus saith is beautiful, but it behoves us to behold him taken out And whereas the first Pandion is said to have warred with Labdacus, it was the second Pandion who was contemporary to Labdacus
Ogyges according to Acusilaus was contemporary to Phoroneus
7 rOgyges according322 Africanus apud Euseb. Præp. l. 10. c. 10.Acusilaus began to reign flourished in the reign of Phoroneuswas 1020 years before the first Olympiad: whence chronologers make him contemporary to CecropsPhoroneus But theythis was but a conjecture. Theythey were both much later. To call things Ogygian has been a phrase among the Greeks to signify that they are as old as the first memory of things: & therefore we may reccon Ogyges as old at least as Inachus, Lelex, Æzeus, Cecrops Pelasgus, ActæusCecrops, Lynceus, & their contemporaries, & so place the flood of Ogyges in their days & in the days of Eli the High Priest and Iudge of Israel. Eleusina the son of Ogyges is said to have built the city Eleusine in Attica. He might build begin to build a few houses of clay wchwhich in time might grow into a village city.
Helen died about one generation before Erechtheus For upon the his death his sons Æolus & Dorus eUpon the death of Hellen his youngest son Xuthus was dri expelled Thessaly by his brothers Æolus & Dorus & fled to Theseus & married Creusa the daughter of TheseusAmchtheus & their younger son Ion grew up & fled before yethe death of Erectheus. And therefore Hellen died about one generation before Erechtheus, & I suppose uponupon the 25th or 30th year of Solomon or thereabouts& we
Amphicyon the brother of Hellen & son of Deucalion married Deucalion & his sons Hellen & Amphictyon fled from the flood into Attica & there obteined sears Amphictyon married the daughter of Cranaus the grandfather of Celeus & therefore he was contemporary to Rharus the father of Celeus / Celeus king of Eleusis who was contemporary to outlived Erechtheus was the son of Rharus the son of Cranaus, & in the reign of Cranaus, Deucalion & his sons Hellen & Amphictyon fled from the flood into Attica & there, & Amphictyon married the daugh the brother of Hellen obteined seats, & Amphictyon married the daughter of RharusCranaus & therefore was contemporary to Rharus & one generation older then Celeus & Erechtheus. By him and Acrisius the Amphictyonic council was erected & therefore it was erected about the time that Cadmus came this seems to have been done soon after the coming of into & it seems to have been erected doneEurope or soon after suppose about the middle of Davids reign. Not much earlier because it was erected by ancient men & for the safety of Greece aginst forreign invasions. Nor much later because the reign of Amphictyon ended before that of Erechtheus began.
Between the reign of Amphictyon & Erechtheus in Attica Chronologers place Erechthonius & his son Pædion, & so make Amphictyon much older then is here represented. But I take Erechthonius & his son Pandion to be the same men wthwith Erectheus & his son & successor Pandion, the names being only repeated with a little variation. For Erechthonius (he that was - - - him taken out. Erechtheus therefore immediately succeeded Amphictyon. Some say that Amphictyon was deposed Cranaus & was deposed by Erechthonius, that is by Erechtheus The flood of Deucalion therefore was He deposed Cranaus therefore a little after the flood of Deucalion & was deposed by Erechtheus a little after the institution of the Amphictionic Council.
3A Lycurgus Cepheus & Augeo were the sons of children of Aleus the son of Aphidamus the son of Areas the son of Callisto the daughter of Lycaon. Auge. & Auge lay with Hercules & Anceaus the son of Lycurgus was an Argonaut & Cephus was his governour during that expedition, & Creuraus staid at home to look after his aged father Aleus lived till the time of the expedition & toas therefore at that time an old man suppose of about 65 or 70 years of age. And Areas wasbeing two generations or about 54 years older then Aleus, & so might be born about the beginning of Davids reign. He received corn from Tripolemus in the beginning of Solomons befo& this might & before the middle of Solomons reign. He was the son of Callisto the daughter of Lycaon & so might be two little generations or about 50 or 60 years younger then Lycaon. He the His grandfather Lycaon had many children & live therefore lived long & so mighty so re tosee some of his grandchildren grow up & the Poets place the flood of Deucalion immediately after his death, & by consequence in the days
theus could not be much older. For Calais & Zetes – – – – Argonauts. Erectheus being an Egyptian sent for corn from Egypt in a in a & for that benefaction was at length made king of Athens. Whether Ceres came then from Egypt to take care of the corn & prepare it for food or was was a woman of Egypt or Libya or Sicily is uncertain. She pretended to come in quest of her daughter, & her coming may be placed upon the 325th or 30th of Solo David & her death upon
Erectheus could not be much older because his daughter Procris conversed with Minos king of Crete & his grandson Thespis had fifty daughters who lay with Hercules & his daughter Orithya was the mother of Calais & Zetes two of the Argonauts, & his son Orneus was the father of Peteos the father of Menestheus who warred at Troy: nor much younger because his second son Pandion who deposed his elder brother Cecrops was the father of Ægeus the father of Theseus; & his son Metion was the father of Eupalamus the father of Dædalus who was older then Theseus; & his daughter Creusa married Xuthus the son of Hellen, & was the mother of Achæus the father of Archander & Archilites who married two of the daughters of Danaus & had warrs with Lamedon the su above who succeeded Epopeus at Sicyon about ten years after the death of Solomon. Erechtheus being an Egyptian procured corn from Egypt & for that benefaction was at length made king of Athens. Whether Ceres was an Egyptian or came from Sicily may be doubted. She pretended to come in quest of her daughter butand but might come from Egypt to take care of the corn & prepare it for food. We cannot err much if we place her coming about the 25th of Davids reign & the dispersion of corn by Triptolemus about ten years after & the death of Erechtheus & institution of the Eleusinia sacra about the 10th year of Solomon.
Apis who was Apis the third or fourth king of Sicyon was the great grandson of Ægialeus by the fathers side & the grandson of
Cecrops at Athens contemporary to P Lycaon the son of Pelasgus Pausan l. 8. c. 2.
In ludis Olympicis Iupiter cum Saturno luctatus est Pausan ib.
Pelasgus, Lycnon, Nyctenus, Arcas, Azan, Clitor, Æpytus, Athens the father of Auge, Lycurgus, Echemus, Agapenor reigned successivly in Arcadia Pausan ib.
Lelex came from Ægypt, the father of Clyeson the father of Pylas, the father of Scyron who married the daughter of Pandion & contended with Nisus the son of Pandion for the kingdom & Agaius adjudged it to Nisus. Pausan l. 1. c. 8.
Eadem ætate Cecrops Athenis & Lyceaon in Arcadia regnarunt Pausan l. 8. c. 2.
Jews began their year in in such manner that th wthwith yethe near Moon w Equinox or wthwithin 15 days before or after it. This year they being the beginning thereofo from the autumnal equinox to the vernal so to make, & for the their sphere & the Greeks in theirs might place the Equinox & y signes for the For the masters of Palamedes were Egyptians, & For the Greeks h Egypt. This I have to be the reason why the Greeks & began the Olympic year in summer solstice
Eudoxus travelled into Egypt & having t conversed with Astronomers of wrote a book of the Constellations wherein he placed the Equinoxes & solsti Coluri Æquinoctiorum & Solstiorum as his Commentator Hipparchus Bithynus tells us pass through the middles of the asterisms Arius, Cancer, Chela & Capricorn, following therein the doctrine of the the first Astronomers =t formed the Celestial sphere. But the Zodiac being unequally divided Asterisms, its now very difficult to assigne exactly the middles of the asterisms ed form thence] the Equinoxes & Solstices were then placed, & it may be sufficient to truth. For wchwhich end let us in every Asterism of the Zodiac (except Libra & Scorpio wchwhich originally were but one Asterism) [& Cor Scorpio (a star of the th magnitude in the middle of Scorpio,] & the middle between this star & the middle middle of Chelæ Libra the middles of Cancer & Capricorn between this middle & the middle of Sagittary for the middle of Scorpio And let the Ecliptic be divided into 12 equal parts or signes so division may fall as neare as can be upon the middles of the Asterisms 8 years one way may equal the summ of the erro division wchwhich fall in or neare the middles of Aries C in the sphere
2130
After the Egypt
The Case between the Queen & Mr Lewis Frith is in my opinion as follows
Mr Frith imported into the Mint at Chester 19 parcels of hammered money for wchwhich the Master & Worker of that Mint gave him 19 Receipts or Tickets expressing the weight of each parcel.
The first 15 Tickets were paid off after yethe rate of s pr oz & endorsed before the end 256t of Iuly 1697. And the last payment was of about 345£ made yethe following occasion. Mr Lewis making up his AcctsAccounts to Mr Halley Comptroller of that Mint delivered in acctaccount of so much money in his hands for paying off part of the last of those Tickets whereupon Mr Halley stopt accounting till that arrear was paid off that the Account might run clear to that time & then Mr Lewis paid off that Ticket & brought it to Mr Halley endorsed.
Soon afterwdswards Mr Lewis for throwing a leaden standish at Mrthe Wardens Head was dis removed from his buisiness, & Mr Williams paid off two Orders drawn upon the Master & Worker by upon two Notes drawn by Mr Fryth on the Officers of that Mint paid took the cash into his hands and paid Mr Fryth for 400£ in part of yethe 16th Ticket No 149. These payments were made vizvidelicet 18th Aug 300£ & 21th Aug 100£ vizvidelicet 18. Aug.stAugust £ 300... 24 th th do £ 100 – upon two Notes drawn by Mr Frith on the officers of yethe Mint.
Aug yethe 24th. Mr Lewis returning to his busines in yethe Mint & took the Cash out of William's hands, & paid Mr Lewi fr frith Aug.stAugust 31st. £ 100.– & SeptBSeptember 7th. £ 200.– & then Octob 25 recconing accounting wthwith Mr Fryth delivered back the two receipts of that money 100£ & 200£ & gave him also a Note upon Mr Clark for 57007£ 10s more & in lieu thereof took octob Sept 25 Mr Lewis Fryth recconed with Mr Fry Lewis, & took back from him the receipts for yethe 300£ & a Note Note for 507s 10s & in liew thereof entered upon the back of those the 15th & 16th Tickets Mr Fryths Receipts of 807£ 10s But but concealed the 400 by way of discharge of those Tickets wchwhich amounted just to that summ: But concealed the 400£ wchwhich should have been also endorsed upon the Tickets & let his Orders upon wchwhich that summ was paid remain still in the Mint wchwhich upon a fair recconing he should have demanded back, and allowed. but Mr Fryth notes upon wchwhich he had rd 400 £ paid of Williams remained still in the Mint Mr Fryth forgetting to account for that Money & Mr Lewis not knowing that Williams had paid it.
Afterwards Vpon the Note for 507£ 10s Mr Fryth received by 3 Orders 500 by three notes he drew on the Mint. dated viz.videlicet octob. 26.th £ 150... Nov.BNovember 19th £300... & December 4th£ 50.– wchwhich wthwith 700£ received before makes up 1200£ paid him in money out of that Mint since the discharge of his first 15 Tickets & then Mr Halley After discovered that yethe first 400£ p of this money paid by Williams had been pocketed by Fryth wthwithout accounting for it, or endorsing it on the Tickets, & when Fryth demanded more money upon yethe two lost Tickets he was tt answered that he had already received more then was due to him.
At length Mr Fryth petitioneding the late LdsLords CommrsCommissioners of the TreāsyTreasury for an allowance in his AcctsAccounts upon yethe 2 last Tickets not yet endorsed Mr & Fryth & the matter being referred [first to yethe CommrsCommissioners of Excise & then to the Officers of the Mint,] Mr Fryth pretended that yethe 400£ paid by wchwhich he reconned of Williams was not paid not upon any of the four last Tickets but upon an old Note: & Whence also it appears that this summ of 400£ was no part of the moneys 307£ 10s endorsed upon yethe 16 & 17th Tickets but still remains to be accounted for
Seing therefore Mr Fryth vizvidelicetng but what is under his hand That this summ ought to have been paid upon yethe 16th Ticket N 149 is evident it seems to me that in his acctsaccounts no because Mr Lewis Williams paid it
Mr Fryth therefore stands charged under his own hand by his Notes with the receipt of 400£ of Williams & by his receipts endorsed on yethe back of the 16th & 17th Tickets wchwhich the receipt of 5807£. 10s of Lewis & m
Seing therefore Mr Fryth refuses to will not be examined now given AcctsAccounts ackno avoyds being examined & alows nothing but what is under his hand. I beleive he should be charged in his AcctsAccounts now depending I beleive there. 1st wthwith the receipt of yethe moneys endorsed on yethe backside of his first 15 Tickets, then wthwith yethe 400£ receipt of 400£ of Williams by two Notes still standing out against him & by reason that he did not account wthwith the Mint & lastly wthwith the receipt of 807£. 10s endorsed on the back side of the 16th & 17th Tickets, & that he discharge hismself by his 19 Tickets or otherwise as he can.
T The first ages counting their years by returns of Summer & winter seedtime & harvest, began their years with seed time & ended it with harvest & the ingathering of the fruits of that year & minding the yearly products of the earch, they would be apt to ended their year with the ingathering of yethe ripe fruits of the earth & begain yethe next year with gardening sowing till age & setting pruning & sowing in order to a new & in harvest & ingathering., Andthey measured the years by a years growth referring to one & yethe same year the whole growth of all the produce fruits of that year. Hence the oldest years of the Greeks the A began in winter & the year wchwhich the Iews Hbebrews brought out of Egypt began in autumn & so did the Æra Seleucidarum Alexandræ & & Antiochena & Arabica. But upon extr new occasions the Æ Epocha has now been changed from winter to summer & from autumn to spring. So Moses changed the beginning of Egyptian Iewish year as was used by the Iews. If If when T If the Egyptians And so the Egyp tians upon reforming their year might be apt to change the beginning of it from autum to spring might change the beginning of theirs. And if yethe Egyptians began their 365 days at either of yethe Equinoxes at its first institution it was either instituted by Memnon or was older then Moses
If Since the b By the constant & unanimous tradition of the Greeks Memnon was contempory to the sons childrē of Priam. They represented tell us that he was yethe son of Tihthonus the brother of Priam & that he came to the warr of Troy For this synchronism gave occasion to the story told by came to yethe war of Troy Homer Pindar Pausanias Diodorus & others say that he was at yethe warr of Troy & was there slain at Troy by Achilles. & Its probable that about If about yethe time of that war or immediately after he came into Phrygia not to assist the Trojans but in carrying on his conquests & that yethe Greeks thence to feign feign report in honour to th & thence the Greek & this might give occasion to yethe Greeks to report feign in honour to the report him slain by their Hero: Pausanian relates but if he had not lived in that age there could haven been no pretense for the story. Pausanias – – – weapons. Since the Greeks feigned that Memnon was yethe son of Tithonus, if we may If we may suppose Memnon born about yethe a year or two after Tithonus went captive into Thebais & thencforee feigned by the Greeks to be yethe son of Tithonus: he might be about 256 years old when he retired from Memphys into Ethiopia, 40 when he drave yethe Iews out of Egypt 50 when he came from Susa into Asia minor conquering all the nations before him & 74 when he constituted yethe new year of 365 days.
Between AmenophisMemnon & Mæris Diodorus places one Vchoreus & says that he built Memphis & fortified it to admiration with a mighty rampart of earth & a broad & deep trench wchwhich was filled wthwith yethe water of yethe Nile & built Palaces in it: & that this place was so commodiously pitched upon by yethe builder that most of yethe kings who reigned after him preferred it before Thebes & removed the Court thence to this place, so that the magnificence of Thebes began thencefore from that time began to decrease & Memphys to increase till the times of Alexander kind of Macedon who built Alexandria. By these works I take Vchoreus to be either Memnon himself or one of his Princes. For the ys Deputy Governors of Egypt are sometimes recconed amongst yethe kings.
31
Proposals for coyning farthings for the Plantations
That copper half pence & farthings be coyned in the Tower for yethe Plantations in America after according to yethe intrinsic value of Copper in the several Plantations abating the & charge of coynage, wchwhich charge will be about 6d per pound weight.
That the forthings be stamped on the reverse wthwith such a stamp as shall be agreed upon by the Governours & Councels of yethe several Plantations wthwith yethe approbation ad approbation of yethe Council of Trade if her MajtyMajesty pleases.
That they be sent from time to time in her MajtysMajestys men of War & convoys in such quantitys only as the Governours of yethe several Plantations or their Order shall from time to desire by their letters sent to the Master of yethe Mint or Council of Tr so that the Planatations may neither want nor not be overstocked.
That a premium be allowed if her MajtyMajesty pleases suppose of 2 or 3 per cent if her MajtyMajesty pleases to those men who shal receive them [out of the ships & pay the Queens Master or Captain of the ship or captain for them.] from the Captain of yethe Ship & pay the Captain for them if her MajtyMajesty pleases in silver or goods.
If That all this be done by my Lord High Treasurers WartWarrant approbation & her MajtiesMajesties Warrant if the please.
– into several thre or more kingdoms one at Memphys another at Tanis or Zoan a third a third at Sais all wchwhich were subdued by the Ethiopians. At Memphys reigned Gnephactus hated him.
At Sais reigned Stephanates Necepsus & Nechus successively – – by yethe stars
When Sabacon invaded Egypt he took Bocharis & burnt him alive
Anysis seems to have
When Sabacon invatded Egypt the Egyptians were divided into several kingdoms for Boccharis Sabacon took Boccharis king of Memphys & burnt him alive & made Anysis king of Taris or Zoan fly into the fenny places of the lower Egypt neare Pelusium & slew Nechus king of Sais & made Psammicticus the son of Nechus fly into Syria
When Sabacon invaded Egypt, the Egyptians were divided into several kingdoms one at Memphys another at Tanis or Zoan a third at Sais. Two of these are thus mentioned by Isaias.
At Memphys reigned Gnephactushthus & his bson Boccharis successively – – – – Egyptians hated him. In his days Sabacon invaded Egypt & took him him alive & burnt him alive.
At Tarris reigned Anysis & he fled from Sabacon into yethe fenny places of Egypt weare Pelusium & there lay hid for some time in the Isle Elbo.
At Sais reigned Stephanates Necepsos & Nechus successively. Necepsos wthwith one Petosiris are is reputed the inventor of Iudicial Astrology & the first that wrote the art of predicting by the stars. Sabacon or one of his successors slew Nechus & made his son Psammiticus fly into Syria
Thus while the th kings of Egypt imployed their wealth in people in building Pyramids
So then the Monarchy of Egypt in the reign of those kings who built inthe Pyramids – – – – & afterwards by yethe Assyrians.
When Sabacon invaded Egypt a body of Egyptians fled into Babylonia aa Apud Ioseph. Hestiæus thus mentions this transmigration: The Priests who escaped (that is yethe from who escaped yethe the destructioninundation of Egypt ) taking hastily the sacra of Iupiter Enyalius came into Senaar a field of Babylonia. Iupiter Enyalius is Bel Ammon martialis or Belus the warriorMartius. A Diodorus idescribes this transmigration more fully saying that Belus the son of Neptune & Libya led a colony into Babylon, & placing his seat at Euphrates instituted Priests after the manner of yethe Egyptians exempt from taxes & public duties which the Babylonians call Chaldeans, who observe yethe stars after the example of the Priests & Philosophers & Astrologers of Egypt. This colony carried
Mr Lewis entered in his Cash book]
Aug 24 97 RdReceived yethe ballance of Williams Acc 136. 14. 10
Aug. 31 PdPaid Cha Fryth in ptpart 100.00.00
Sept 7 PdPaid Cha. Fryth in ptpart 200.00.00
The Iews say that Manasseh was captivated reign wchwhich is the 70th year of Nabonassar. Thus the [So then the Ethiopians reign Egypt & then lost their dominion to yethe Assyrians lay in the way to Egypt & therefore weit may be be presumed ytthat the conquest of Ægypt followed that of Ie & Egypt lying beyon Iudea may may be presumed to be conquered afterward: so that yethe Ethiopians reigned over Egypt about 70 or 75 years before they were conquered by the Assyrians.
with them the year of the Egyptians & founded the Æra of Nabonassar whose T years have yethe y very same Thoth with the years of Egypt. Whence we may reccon that Sabacon invaded Egypt about the in the reign of Nabonassar in yethe beginning of his Æra in the reign of Nabonassar about about the time that the æra of Nabonassar began. And here ended the reign of the Egyptians at Memphys.
The reign of the Ethiopians according to Herodotus lasted 50 years – – – in behalf of Hezekiah a And therefore (2 King 18.21, 24 & 19.9) And therefore Tirhakah succeeded Sua Sua between the 4 & 14 year of Hezekiah, that is between the 24th & 34th year of Nabonassar. If Count backwards the 14 years reign of Sua & 12 years reign of Sabacon & the invasion of the the recconing will place Sabacons invasion of Egypt will fallbetween the f either the first eight years of Nabonassars reign or not above two years before it about the beginning of the Æra of Nabonassar as above.
Herodotus giving an account of the slaughter of hisyethe army of the Assyrians war of Senachenis & Senachenis saith, that saith that Setho
With respect to this war Diodorus tells us of a tradition that there was the inhabitants of interior Africa once making an impression upon Egypt made caused a great part of yethe land to become void of inhabitants. And Higynus:Hyg. fab 274 Afri et Ægyptij primum fustibus dimicaverunt: postea Belus fNeptuni filius gladio belligeratus est unde bellum dictum. Belus here is aAmenophes whom yethe Greeks all call Memnon The Ethiopians used clubs till yethe time of yethe Roman Empire, th & thenc e Hercules who reigned over them was is painted wthwith a club & its probale ytthat yethe rest of the Ethiopians used them till Belus that is Memnon Amenoph or Memnon whom yethe Greeks call Memnon taught them yethe use of swords. Hence Hercules who reigned over Chus is painted wthwith a club.
In this civil war
Zerah be
The Ethiopians being checkt in their progress eastward.
Considering that Zerah had Libyans in his army, its probable it seems to me that he conquered Libya before he led his army against the Iews & by this character he answers to is theseems to should be yethe Egyptian Hercules whom the Atlantides call Saturn [ For Hercules [slew first Antæus in Libya & then went into Egypt where he slew Busiris went into Egypt & slew Busiris] For Hercules conquered Libya before he invaded Egypt] For he first slew Antæus in Libya & then went into Egypt & slew Busiris., & therefore he conquered invaded the Kingdō of Libya Antæus & conquered him before he invaded Egypt. But being his being repulsed by Asa in Palestine Iudea by the Iews he turned his arms westward & invaded Sicily Italy fitting out a fleet invaded Sicily Italy, & the western part coasts on both sides the mediterranean, going as far as yethe the Ocean mouth of that sea where he set up pillars as Sesostris had done in the east. [But making being expelled his kingdom by his son he his son by his ill manners losing the love of his subjects & being his son & being expelled his kingdom by his son he retired into yethe parts of Italy.] Pausanias tells us that the first who passed in ships into yethe Island Sardinia were the Libyans under the command of Sardus the son &of Maceris, which & that Sardus carried placed a colony of Libyans into Sardinia & was by the, Egyptians & Libyans called Hercules, [Which Ant this confirms what we said of Hercules conquering the Libyans & thence set out a fleet by wchwhich his invaded the coasts of the Mediterranean westward] & carried a colony of into Sardinia a colony of Libyans who did not drive out the old inhabitants but mixed with them. The Egyptian The Egyptian Hercules therefore became Lord of Libya & thence invaded the coasts of the mediterranean. They tell us that Hercules first slew Antæus in Libya & then went into Egypt & slew Busiris. And these thing These things from thence I it came to pass that when yethe Eth Zerah After these conquests I reccon thcame to pass the Ethiopians invaded Iudea becaus there were Libyans as the well as Ethiopians under Zerah invaded Iudea they had Libyans in their army of Zerah. But this army being repulsed Hercules turned his arms westward & from yethe coasts of Libya invaded Sicily, Italy, Sicily Sardinia, Sicily, Italy & the western coasts regions on both sides the Mediterranean going as far as the mouth of that Sea where he set up pillars as Sesostris had done in yethe east.
2432
Let Mephibosheth & Solomon be supposed 20 years old at the birth of their elsdest sons (for if either of them was older the other must be younger) & the victory of David over the S Ammonites & Syrians will fall upon the 16th year of his reign.
May it please yoe LordpLordship If W desists, N will gain about 17 votes in Trin. Coll & 4 or 5 more in other Colleges, so that & A will gain lose 54 or 5 votes or above in T.C. & gain 2, votes or 3 in other colleges: So that A & N will be upon a par about equal. And G will gain 18 An 20 votes in T.C. & 12 or 15 or perhaps 20 in other Colleges, & therefore will be able to spare 10 or 15 votes, wchwhich may be done by would secure N. But N has lost at present the interest while yethe vogue is against N his interest decreases.
A & W depend more upon uncertain votes then G & N
Mephibosheth was 5 years old at the death of Saul & had a young son when David sent for him sto eat at his Table & after that Nahahsh yethe king of Ammon died & the next year David made war upon heis son Hanun the son of Nahash & beat them Ammonites & Syrians & the third year besieged destroyed the Ammonites & beseiged Rabbah their capital city & lay wthwith Bathsheba & yethe 4th year Bathsheba had a son who died & the 5t year Solomon was born & after his birth Rabbah was taken, & in the a year before yethe death of David Rehoboam was born.
Mr Lord That I may give yoryour LordpLordship an execter accoutnt of yethe answer to yoryour LordpsLordships question: what w yethe question you were pleased to ask me yesterday,
I have inclosed an account of the votes for Burgesses of yethe University as I stated it for my self for my self when last at Cambridge. [About 5a month or 5 weeks ago I had a prospect of some more votes wchwhich are since gone off to Mr Annesly by reason yethe vogue is against & me & since the making] this By this AcctAccount Mr A is about Since yethe making stating of this AcctAccount I h two or 3 votes are gone off from me to Mr A, so that Mr A is now about 246 or 28 votes above me., but this interest depends more upon out-lyers then mine.
If W sh Mr W should desist I should gain about 17 votes in Trin. Coll. & 4 or 5 in other colleges & A would gainmight lose 4 or 5 votes or above in Trin College & might gain 2 or 3 in other Colleges, so that I should be about equal to A. And Mr G would gain about 18 or 24 votes in Trin. College & about 12 or 15 or perhaps 20 in other Colleges & so would be able to spare 10 or 15 votes wchwhich would secure me. I should not scarce have wanted this last assistance six weeks agoe had Mr G W desisted six weeks ago, for the vogue being against before yethe rising of the Parliament
For the opposition of W & of the vogue being of lateagainst me & the opposition of W checkt & of late my friends & checkt have dissolved diminished my interest & made my friends less active of late & inclined indifferent persons from against me.
I do not expect that W. will desist, he declares he will not, & they reccon at Cambridge that he is under strict very firm obligations to A. But I have laid this this stated of this matter before insisting to yoryour LordpLordship, then because I could do it yesterday so exactly well till I had consulted considered my list of voters because I was not so well prepared began to do it yesterday till I had vasar being better able preparedto do it now then two I have looked over my p papers then on Wednesday when yoryour LopLordship last askt me about it I am
This history of Carthage the Romans without doubt had from the Carthaginians whom they conquered. Elissa was the originaloriginal original genuine name of Dido. Carthage was – – 16th year of Pigmaleon. Which agrees well wthwith the recconin [Dido laid the foundation of yethe city in yethe 7th year &of Pigmaleon & ded celebrated the dedication Encænia thereof the 16 9 years after.] The foundation of yethe city was laid in yethe 7th year of Pigmalion &but the Æra thereof commenced wthwith the Dedication.
My
YoeYour
Hero Pausanias tells us that in yethe 8th Olympiad the Eleans called in Phidon & together wthwith him celebrated that yethe 8th Olympiad, but Herodotus that Phidon removed the Elians. And if And if Phidon being was their enemy he might he conspire wthwith the Pisæans against them its more likely that he conspired assisted assisted against the assisted the Pisæans & in yethe 49 Olympiad in the 49th Olympiad & with them celebrated yethe 49th Olympiad & celebrated yethe 49th Olympiad, that being the time where Herodotus places him.
It's probable that they were kings of several cities in the territory of Agos or perhaps that they were of several cities called Argos, for there were many cities called by this name. They could not be successive kings of one & the same Argos for some of them w reigning between Phoroneus & Acisius ‡
‡ for some of them as Sthenelus, Danaus & Lyn were later then Perseus yethe grandson of Acrisius & others as Pirasus, Phorbas & Triopas were contempoary to Inachus & Phoroneus. For Polycaon the younger son of Lelex married Messene the daughter of Triopas the son of Phorbas & therefore Phorbas & his brother Pirasus were as old as Lelex who was older then Inachus. Argus was reputed the granchild of Inachus Phoroneus & for that reason flourished after Acrisius if there was such a man probably this is a this the Epaphus or Epopeus mention above. Iasus was the father of that Io who was carried into Egypt & therefore this is written corruptly for Inachus., For Hyginus [Fab 145] instead writes it Inachus as Hyginus also testifies as is evident also from Hyginus (Fab 145) who his writes it not Iasus but Inachus as if there were an Inachus & Io much later then the father & sister of Phoroneus. Apis is the Epaphus or Epopeus mentioned above & whether he was king of Argos may be doubted for he seems to have been contemporary to Acrisius if he was two generations younger then Phoroneus he was younger then Acrisius. for some of them as Pirasus Phorbas & Treopas were contermporary to Inachus & Phoroneus & others as Sthnenelus Danaus & Lynceus were later then Acrisius Perseus the grandson of Acrisius, & Sthenelus who the predecess proceeded Danaus seems to be the son of Perseus who reigned at Mycene be of Perseus Polycaon the younger son of Lelex married Messene the daughter of Triopas the son of Phorbas & therefore Phorbas & his brother Pirasus wasere as old as Lelex & who was older then Inachus. ☉
☉ Sthenelus seems to be the son of Perseus. They tell us that there were two for the one the d Some say that Io who was carried away into Egypt was the daughter of Iasus & call him the son & thence I gather that Iasus was written corruptly for Inachus Iasus was the father of that Io who was carried into Egypt & therefore was written corruptly for Inachus. & For Hyginus (Fab 145) instead of Triopas Iasus writes Triopas Inachus Io This Argus seem was reputed yethe granchild of Phoroneus & for that reason was flourished after Acrisius. I suspect there was no such man: the name seems borrowed from the city Argos. upon a supposition that this city had its name from one of its kings. Apis [was the son of Niobe the sister or daughter of Phoroneus] is the Epaphus or Epopeus mentioned above. He was the son reputed the son of Iupiter & Nibobe but whether Niobe was the daughter sister or mother of Phoroneus may be doubted & Isf Niobe was the first woman that Iupiter lay with she was older then Io. Perhaps Abas the father of Arisius was this
33
this Apis. If so the kings of Argos will be these Inachus, Phoroneus, Apis or Apbas, Acrisius,
Hiramvixit 53regnavit 34
Belearstat fil437
Abdarstat fil209
Nutricis filius12
Astartus f. Abd.4412
Astarineus frat549
Phelles0.8m
Ithobalus6832
Badezor fil456
Mettin fil329
Pigmaleon fil5640
170.8
137.8
125.0
41 1/2
7
9
12
12
9.8
32
6
9
6 1/2
144.8
And from yethe 12t year of Hiram exclusively in wchwhich he saith the Temple was built to yethe
And from yethe founding of yethe Temple in yethe 12th year of Hiram & 4th year of Solomon to yethe building of Tyre in the 7th year of Pigmaleon exclusively he reccons 143 years 8 months counting by mistake the 53 years of Hirams life in lieu of yethe 34 years of his reign. If that mistake be corrected there were 124 years 8 months from the founding of the Temple in yethe 4th year of Solomon & to the building of Tyre in yethe 7th year of Pigmaleon, & therefore Pygmaleon began his reign 118 years after the founding of yethe Temple 96 years 8 months after Hiram who reigned 34 years & in whose the end of eleventh or beginning of his twelft year was the 4th year of the Temple of Solomon was founded. Matgenus therefore died Iosephus indeed reccons 143 years 8 months from yethe founding of yethe Temple to the founding of Carthage [in yethe 7th year of Pigmaleon But in this recconing he counts the 53 years of the life of Hiram instead of the 34 years of his reign & therefore if the recconning be duly corrected there will be but 124 y 8m from yethe founding of yethe Temple to the founding of Carthage or 7th year of Hiram exclusively, so ytthat Matgenus died 118y 8m after yethe founding of the Temple
Iosephus s indeed reccons that Hiram & his successors reigned 155 y 8m till the building of Carthage beginning of yethe 7th year of Pigmaleon in wchwhich Carthage was built. And says further that And deducting the first eleven years of Hiram wchwhich preceded the building of Solomons Temple he sayth that from yethe fbuilding ofthe Temple in yethe 72d month of yethe fourth year of Solomon to the building of Carthage in yethe 7th y of P there were 143y 8th but in this calculation Iosephus reccons the 53y of Hirams life in lieu of the 34 years of his reign, wchwhich is 19 years too much. Let these 19 years be subducted & the 7th year of Pigmaleon & building of Carthage will begin 124y 8m after the founding of yethe Temple that is 87y 10m after Solomons death. And therefore Matgenus died 81 years 10 months or in round numbers 82y after Solomon & began his reign 73 years after it. Whence we may conclude that Troy was taken about 765 years after Solomons death or within not above 4 or 5 yeares sooner or later.
& The Temple founded in yethe end of yethe 11th or beginning of the 12th year of Hirā & in yethe 2d month of yethe 4th year of Solomon in yethe 2d mōth. And setting down the reigns of the severall kings of Kings of Tyre he reccons from the reign of Ty Hiram (meaning from his birth) to yethe building of Tyre 155y 8m. And omitting Let the first 19 years of hisHirās life wchwhich preceded his reign & the first 11 years of his reign wchwhich preceded the founding of the Temple be omitted deducted & there will be 125y 8m from yethe founding of yethe T [in yethe 4th year of Solom̄ in yethe 2d month of yethe year] to the founding of Carthage 125y 8m as may be also gathered by summing up the years of the Kings of Tyre. Deduct Now the Temple being founded in yethe 4th year of Solomon in yethe 2d month of yethe year deduct that is 36y 10m before his death, deduct those 36y 10m & Carthage will be founded 89 years after the death of Solomō & therefore Matgenus began his reign 74 years after yethe d of S. ended his r. 83 y. after it.
2534a
also there called Sithonis from the city Sidon where the c for Afric Libya Nonnus saith that they built an hundred walled cities on the coasts of Libya; And that out of these cities many Libyans afterwards followed Bacchus in his wars. And therefore thence it follows ytthat thence it appears ytthat the great Bacchus was later then Cadmus. There were a people in Thrace called Edones & Edomantes that is Edomites for Aristophanes tells us they were circumcised & loved leeks as the Iews & their neighbours did & its probable that these came with Cadmus
SrSir
I understand that Mr Patrick is putting in to be yoryou Representative in the next Parliament, & beleive that Mr Godolphin my Lord High Treasurers son will also stand. I do not intend to oppose either of them they being my friends, but being moved by some friends of very good note to write for my self. I beg the favour of you & the rest of my friends in the University to reserve a vote for me till I either write to you again or make you a visit, wchwhich will be in a short time, & you will thereby very much oblige
He was the son of Æthræ & Pelops the father of Pittheus the And Pelops was born about yethe 10th year of David: not much sooner later because he was the son of Theseus father of Pittheus the father of Æthra, the father of Theseus, nor much sooner because he was the son father of
YorYour most humble and most obedient servant Is. Newton. 2.
Mr Pain in the Temple in the furthest Square (a large square) next door to yethe golden ball up two pair of stairs. He is seal keeper to the Exchequer.
Dr Bentl
that is in the all Syro-phœnicia in th or Cœlo syria being comprehehending the mountains of Libanus (called by the Greeks Libanus & Antilibanus by wthwith the valley between them. For mount Hermon was in the Eastern part of the Holy land next Antilibanus & Hamath lay beyond Libanus.] That is all Syria-phœnicia ] that is who dwelt in mount the mountain & valleys of Libanus, ( called Libanus & Antilibanus by the Greeks ) with. For mount Hermon was in the eastern part of the Holy-land next Antilibanus & Hamath lay beyond Libanus. And This is that country wchwhich the Greeks called Syro-Phœnicia & Cœlo Syria. All this country to the entring of Hamath was conquered by David that is all Syro-Phœnicia or Cœlosyria. But Hamath was not conquered For Toy king of Hamath had wars wthwith Hadadezar king of Zobah & upon congratulated David upon his victory over Hadadezar. Now the conquest of all this country
In this expedition of Cadmus it is to be conceived that there was a mixture of all the nations whom David had conquered & driven out, as of the Ammo children of Ammon whom he co who were confedarate wthwith the Syrians, & of the Moabites & Amalekimtes & Idomæans Edomites & Philistims, who For who were conquered before. For David destroyed the children of Ammon (2 Sam 11.1) & slew two thirds of Moab (2 Sam. 10.2) & every male in Edom those only excepted who fled to Egypt & other places (1 King 11.15, 16) & took Gath & her towns from the Philistims. And hence it is that soon yethe Colonies of Phœnicians who came wthwith Cadmus we meet wthwith Arabians (Strabo l 10 p 447 & l 9 p 401) Gephyrea Erythræans or inhabitants of the red sea, that is Edomites. For Strabo tells us t lets us know tha [Herodotus tells us that the Gephyreans as they themselves reported came originally from Erythræa. But, saith he, by inquiring I find that they were Phœnicians who came wthwith Cadmus into Bœtia – – but were distinct They came therefore originally from Erythræa upon the red Sea & built Erythra in the Tanagrian country Bœtia. Herodotus adds that the Phœnicians who came wthwith Cadmus of whom the Gephyreans were a part brought many doctrines into Greece & particularly letters. In Thrace there wasere a people called Edones & Odomantes that is Edomites, for Aristophanes tells us that they were circumcised & loved leeks very much whether these came with Cadmus may be enquired.] And the nations thus conquered & driven out by David, fled in great multitudes to seek new seats not only in Asia minor & Greece but also ion the sea coasts of Libya neare the Syrtes.
Iosephus mentions the League between Solomon & Hyram out of as entered in the Annals of Tyre & the expedition of Cadmus was [of more consequence] in quest of Europa was more memorable but voiage of Menelaus to Sidon was of so little consequence to the Tyrians that it may be doubted whether they entered it in their Annals. The Phenician Historians
ans might have note it from the Greeks histories as a thing done soon after yethe expedition of Cadmus. By theis Phenician record of the rapture of Europa & voy By this record of the Phœnicians, the rapture of Europa could not happen 260 above 250 years before the building of Solomons Temple as the Greeks reccon, but it might happen very well in the reign of David where we have placed it, Th by & is limit
Now this record of the three Phenicians Historians conjoyning the rapture of Europa & League of Solomon & Hiram within the legue of compass on a Kings reign, is wholy inconsistent wthwith the opinion of the Greeks who place the place make the rapture of Europa about 260 years ancienter ynthen the building of the Temple, ytthat league of Hiram that league but it suits perfectly well with our opinion that the rapture of Euro it was but about 25 or years ancienter. So then we have the oldest & most authentic Chronologers on our side.
The building of Solomons Temple & Hirams friendship to Solomon & assistance therein is mentioned.
Hirams friendship to David & the assistance he gave him in building the Temple of Ierusalem was mentioned recorded in the Annals of Tyre as mentioned by Iosephus mentions & the expedition of Cadmus in quest of Europa was more memorable. But the voiage of
For the war was composed on these conditions that the Eleusinans in other things should be subject to the Athenians but should retain the initia to themselves & Eumolpus & the daughters of Celeus perform the sacrifices to the Goddesses Ceres & Proserpina. Pausan Attea p. 71. Ceres & Iris are by many confounded wthwith Isis as if they were the same Goddes many confounded by He by Herodotus & others taken the same Goddes (Herod l. 2. c 59) wchwhich argues that in the opinion of the ancient Greeks they flourished about the same time.
& therefore Arcas reigned in Aradia in the end latter part of Davids reign & Pelasgus reigned of the Pelasgians flourished reigned in Peloponnesus three generations before or about 80 years before, that is in yethe latter part of Eli'sthe highpriesthood of Eli. From Pelasgus & lycaon & Arca the people over whom they reigned were named Pelageans Lycaonians & Arcadians.
Amphion & Niobe were therefore about two generations older then yethe Argonauts. If w Laius when he fled from them was about may be supposed about 10 years old the f birth of Amphion & Zethus & death of Nicteus & Epopeus will fall upon yethe 365th of Davids reign or thereabouts. & For Laius was born about the 105th yeare of Solomon as above. Amphion with almost all – born at Thebes. And therefore if Oedipus may be supposed about 20 years old when he slew his father, the death of Laius birth of Hercules will be about 12 years after the death of Solomon.
The Ivites were b one of the nations whom yethe Iew Israelites were to drive out. They were confederate with the Ammonites & David destroyed the Ammonites & made them pass unde axes & saws & hammers & those of the conquered nations who escaped destruction he & Solomon imployed as slaves for drawing of water & hewing of wood & doing all the drudgery in building Ierusalem & the Temple & yethe houses of yethe king. / For they were one of the ten nations wchwhichthe Israelites were to drive out being sometimes called Ivites & sometimes Cadmonites that is Orientals Gen 15.19. Ios. 3.10 & For & mount Hermon on wchwhich they bordered b was the being put for the east Psal in opposition to Tabor on the west Psal If their From the names Cadmonites, Hermonites, & Hevæans or Hivites or Hevæans came the names of Cadmus & his wife Hermione or Harmonia & the fable of their being transformed into serpents as Bochart well observes. For הוιא Hevæus or Hivæus in the Syriæ signifies a serpent. If their flight from Sidon under the conduct of Cadmus may be pleased within a year after yethe conquest of their country by David it will have happened upon yethe 15th year of Davids reign or thereabouts [When some of yethe Cadmonites & their confederates the Ammonites whome David destroyed (2 Sam ) & of the Syrians of Sobah fled & took shipping for Europe to seek new seats in Asia] In this expedition of Cadmus it is to be understood that the Syrians of Sobah & the their confederates the Ammonites & Syrians of Sobah were mixt with them. For Cadmus was the Phœnicians wchwhich came with Cadmus were mixt with Arabians. They had also among them Erithræans or inhabitants of the & from red sea that is Edomites. For David had conquered the Edomites & drove them from their seats a little before he conquered the Cadmonites & Ammonites. And these nations conquer thus vanquished & droiven out by David fled in great multitudes not not only multitudes to seek new seats not only in Asia minor & Europe but also upon the sea coasts of Afric. For Nonnus Libya neare the two Syrtes & there also left the people gave the names of Cadmus & his wife Harmonia to their Leader & his wife & her they who was also
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To the LdLord H.High Treasurer of England
If Now that
Diodorus in the beginning of his History tells us that the times preceding the Trojan war he did not define by no certain space the times preceding the Trojan war , because he had no certain foundation to rely upon build rely upon. But from the Trojan war according to the recconing of Apollodorus of Athensiensissis whom he followed, there were 80 years to the Return of the Heraclidæ, & from that period to yethe first Olympiad there were 328 years, computing the times from the Kings of the Lacedemonians. Appollodorus wrote his history Chronology about 200 years after the death of Alexander & Diodorus his history about 60 years after Ap that, & yet in all this time Chronologers could frame nothing certain about the times in wchwhich before the Trojan war, nothing more certain about the times between that war & the Olympiads then by reconning computing from the Kings of the Lacedemonians, And the that is by that is from their numbers computing from the number of the kings & making a reaonable allowance for the length of their reigns so many reigns. F
Aristotle from the Olympic Discus in wchwhich the Olympic Discus name of Lycurgus was written gathered that Lycurgus king of Sparta was the companion of Iphitus in restoring the Olympiads & hence Chronologers placed Lycurgus at the begin & this recconing was followed by chronologers for Phlegon tells us that the Olympiads were restored by Lycurgus Iphitus & Cleosthenes together. But And on this ground they who by the An And on But by And But when Lycurgus & Iphitus & Cleosthenes restored the Olympiads they knew not. For Phlegon reccons the space of 28 Olympiads from Iphitus the restorer of yethe Olympiads to Coræbus the Victor in the first Olympiad of yethe Vulgar iof yethe Vulgar Æra & Eratosthenes reccons 508 years from Lycurgus the Tuition of Lycurgus to yethe same first Olympiad & Plutarch tells us in general that they who collected the times from the successions of the kings of Sparta as Eratosthnes & Apollodorus shewed that Lycugus was many years older then the first Olympiad, that is they shewed by the succession of kings of Sparta that Lycurgus & his companion Iphitus who celebrated the first Olympiad was many years older then the first Olympiad gathered from yethe Olympionic victors. And to reconcile this difference they supposed that before Coræbus the first Olympionic victor there might be many others whose names were forgotten. Thus they lengthened the times of the Olympiads to make them agre wthwith the times of the kings of Sparta wchwhich they had stated before whereas they should have shortened the times of the kings of Sparta to make them agree with the Olympiads.
For it is to be considered
For all nations, before they began to keep exact accounts of time – – especially in elective & turbulent kingdoms.
Now the Spartans from the time of the return of the Heraclidæ & beginning of the reigns of Eurystheus & Procles who were brothers & twins & began their reign together had two races of Kings whose names are conserved by Herodotus, & Herodotus & Pausanias lib & Herod l. One race was [Orestes Tisamenes] Euristhenes, Agis, Echestratus, Labotas, Dorissus, Agesilaus, Archelaus, Teleclus, Alcamenes, Polydorus, Euricratus, Anaxander, Euricrates, Leon, Anaxandrides, Cleomenes Dorieus Leonidas. Cleomenes was the brother of Dorieus & Leonidas & both were contemporary to Darius Hystaspis, [& Labotas was the P P the P in the tuition of Lycusrgus the Legislator. Before Labotas are five reigns & after from Labotas inclusively to yethe beginning of the reign of Cleomenes & Darius Hystaspis are 12 reigns more in all 17 reigns. The 12 reigns at recconed one with another at 21 years apiece make 252 years wchwhich counted backwards from yethe beginning of the reign of Darius Hystaspis place the times of Lycurgus upon the beginningof
of yethe Olympiads as they ought to do.
The other race of the Spartan kings were Orestes Tisamenes Procles Sous Eurypion Prytanis Eunomus Polydectes Charillus Lycurgus, Charillus, Nicander Theopompus Zeuxidamus, Anaxidamus, Archidamus, Agasiches, Aristo, Demaratus, Leotychides.
Now the Spartans had two races of kings on whose succession the Greeks seem to have founded their Chronology. These S two races are thus set down by Pausanias.
1 Orestes
2 Tisamenus
Pausan p. 206, 207, 8, 9 et p. 288.
3 Eunstheues
3 Procles
Pausan p. 219
Pausan. p. 382, 383.
4 Agis
4 Sous
Thoas bello Trojano interfuit
5 Echestratus
5 Euripon
Hæmon f
6 Labotas
6 Prytanis
Oxylus f Aristomachi lib. sinctr
7 Dorissus
7 Eunomus
Ætolus
8 Agerilaus
8 Polydectes
Laias
Lycurges
9 Archelaus
9 Charillus
Iphitus
10 Teleclus
10 Nicander
11 Alcamenes
11 Theopompus
Pausan p 234
12 Polydorus
12 Zeuxidamus
13 Euricrates
13 Anaxidamus
14 Anaxander
14 Archidamus
Pausan p 210
15 Euriycrates II
15 Agasicles
16 Leon
16 Aristo
17 Anaxandrides
17 Demaratus
Pausan p 211
18 Cleomenes
18 Leolychides
Leonidas frat
And thus by Herodotus
Hercules
Pausan p 152 Hercules
Hiyllus
Ctesippus
Cleonideus
or Cleodeus. Pausan p. 246
Thrasianor
Corinthij Reges
Messenij Reges
Aristomachus
Antiomachus
Temenus
Cresphontes
Messiniæ Rex.
Aristodenies
Deiphon Temini gener socius consiliarius
Cisus
Æpytus
Glaucus
Istmius
Euristhenes
Procles
Dotadas
Hegesis
Euriphon
Sybotas
Echestratus
Prytanis
Medon
Phiyntas
Leobotis
Polydectes
Pausan p 206
Lacidaus
Antiochus & Androcles
Doriagus
Eunomus
Orestes
Meltas
Euphaes Aristodemus
PÆgesilaus
Charilus
Penthilus
Interregnum
Archelaus
Nicander
Grais, Agidi synchronus
Aristomene
Teleclus
Theopompus
Alcamenes
Anaxandrides
PolydorusPrimum bellum Messeniacū regno Theopompi et Polydore ac totis regnis Euphais et Aristodemi secundum regno Anaxandii et Leutichidis et toto regno Aristomenis
Archidemus
Oedipus Pausan p. 285, 296
Eurycrates
Anaxileus
Polynices
Anaxander
Leutichides
Thersander.
Euricrateidddes
Hippocratides
Tisamenus Autesion
Leon
Gesileus
Theras (Eurysthenis & Proclisti Futor)
Anaxandrides
Menaris
Oiyolycus, Ægeus, Hyræus, ✱xxx Ægeus, Euryleon
Leonides
Leutichides
Araia Autesionis fila Aristodemi uxor. Pausan p. 285, 245
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& both of them were contemporary to Darius Hystaspis. So that between the beginning of the reig retur from the return of the Heraclides & the beginning of yethe yethe reign of Darius Hystaspis there were 15 successive kings wchwhich at 21 years a piece one wthwith another take up 32115 years.
The other race of Spartan kings according to Pausanias were Procles Sous Euripon Prytanis Eunomus Polydectes, Charillus, Nicander, Theopompus, Zeuxidamus Anaxidanus, Archidamus, Agasicles, Ariston, Demaratus Leotychides. And according to Herodotus, Proctes, Euriphon, Prytanis, Polydectes, Eunomus, Chrilus, Alexander Theopompus Anaxandrides Archidemus Anaxileus Leutychides Hippocratides, Gesileus, Menæres Ariston Demaratus Leutychides, [excepting that the Gesileus three last & Menæres were not kings of Sparta . but Charilles was contemporary to Archelaus & Teleclus the successor of Archelaus was slain in the reign of Nicander & Theopompus & Polydorus reigned in the time of the first Messenian war. & between Procles & Eurypon Pausanius & Plutarch place Sous And Demaratus the son of Ariston was succeeded by Leutichides yethe son of Menares. In th Herodotus differs from Pausanias in some of the names but both agree in the number of the kings, wchwhich are 14 before Demaratus who was contemporary to Darius Hystaspis, or 15 if the short reign of Lycurgus be inserted. And these kings at reign of these kings recconed one wthwith another at about 21 years a piece take up 315 years.
Now Eurysthenes & Procles were twins & the Poets represented that yethe Heraclides returned into Peloponnesus under them Euristhenes & Procles, but the Spartans themselves placed that return under their father Aristodemus their father of Euristhenes & Procles: whence its probleable that they returned under all three, the sons commanding under their father . . And if the return was under their father we are to reccon the rei sixteen a succession of sixteen kings between the return of the Heraclides & the reign of Darius Hystaspis wchwhichone with another ta at 21 years a piece ta will take up 336 years. But but because the Poets did not reccon the reign of Euryt Aristodemus, it's probable that it was but a short one And there if we reccon it abt about that a reign or 5 or 10 years & the following 15 reigns of both families at 315 reigns, the return of the Heraclides will be about 320 or 325 years before the reign of Darius Hystaspis that is about 135 or 140 years after the death of Solomon.
So then in both these races of the Spartans kings from the common beginning of the reign of Eurysthenes & Procles there were about 15 reigns since to the beginning of the reign of Darius Hystaspis there were about 15 successive reigns of kings wchwhich one with another recconned at about 21 years apiece take up the space of 315 y about 315 years & therefore Eurythenes & Procles began their reign about 315 years before Darius Hystaspis that is about 60 years before the Olympiads, or 1545 years after the death of Solomon whereas according to yethe recconing of the Greek Chronologers they began their reign took up 581 years, that is one wthwith another about 38 years 9m a piece wchwhich is certainly too much too long for yethe course of nature.
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And Numa who was a Pythagorean is by the Chronology of the Latines made much then the Latines Pythagoras.
Mint Office. 24 Nov. 1704
Orestes, Tisamenes, Aristodemi filius Procles, Sous f. Eurypon f. Prytanis f. Eunomus f. Polydectes f. Charillus f. Nicander f. Theopompus f. Zeuxidamus f. Anexidamus f. Archidamus f Agasicles f. De Aristo f. Demaratus f. Leotychides
My Lord
Orestes Tisamenes Aristodemi filius Eurysthenes, Agis f, Echestratus f. Labotas f. Dorissus. Agesilaus f: Archelaus f. Teleclus f. Alcmenes f. Polydorus f. Euricrates f. Anaxander f. Euricrates f Leon f. Anaxandrides f. Cleomenes fil. Dario Histaspi synchronus. Leonidas frat Anaxandridæ filius
Nicandra regnant Teleclus assiditusArchelaus & Charilaus synchroni. Pausan p.208. Polydorus Theopompus & 1 Bellū Messen. Sync. p 209 Agesilao regnante Lycurgus leges tubit. Pausan. p 207. Dorissus & Agesileus cito moriuntur. Labotas sub in Tutela Lycurgi Legislaoris Herod. apud Pausan. p.207. et Charitus ib p Sub Tiamene Theras coloniam in Theram ducit. Pausan p. 206.
Since designs for a Medals having been communicated to yoryour LordpLordship by others I humbly beg leave to present the enclosed propose for yethe Her MajsMajesties Effigies may be on one side wthwith yethe by inscription & this designe on yethe other, & instead of Britannica sitting on a globe the Queen may be placed in a chair.
I have enclosed yethe form of a Revers of of a da design for a Medal wchwhich I take to be without exception, unless it may be thought better to put the Queen in the place of Britannia. any proper, especially if yethe Queen be put in yethe place of Britannia. And if yor Lordship shall think fit that Her MajesMajesties Effigies may be on one side wthwith yethe usual inscription & this Reverse design on yethe other. And if for saving her MajtyMajesty & yoryour LordpLordship the trouble of approving Medals yoryour LordpLordship shall the Gravers be empowered to make such medals wthwith her MajsMajesties Effigies & only such, as I or yethe Officers of yethe Mint shall approve of compel and in writing I am willing to be answerable for such Medals wchwhich I propose with most humble submission I am ready to act in this or any other manner as yoryour LordpLordship shall think fit direct do being
My Lord
as I shall approve of under any hand in writing, I am ready to act in this undertake this trust or to act in any other manner as your Lordp shall direct, being
My LdLord
YorYour LordpsLordships most humble & most obedient Servant Is. Newton
I attend without if YorYour LordpLordship thinks fit has occasion to speak wthwith me about this matter
37
A yethe It is to be conceived therefore yethe yethe Assyrians yethe Medes & Babylonians were small & inconsiderate kingdoms; that Phraortes began to raise yethe Medes but was soon opprest & Media subdued by the Scythians; that Cyaneres in the beginning of his reign freed the Medes from servitude by slaughtering the Scythians & conspiring with Nebuchadnezzar subverted the monarchy of the Assyrians that they divided this Monarchy between them & being Allies assisted one another in their wars conquests, the Medes helping the A Nebuchadnezzar to conquer Syria & Ph the nations of Syria & & the Babylonians mutually helping the Assy Medes to conquer the nations of Persia & the eastern provinces of Assyria &; That as these Monarchies rose at one & the same time by the conquest o ruin of Nineveh so they fell together by the conquest of Cyrus & were both very potent while they stood, the Babylonians reigning over Susia Adiabene Mesopotamia Arabia Syria Edom & Egypt & the Medes over all the rest of Persia & over Armenia & Asia minor as far as the river Halys; & that yethe Medic kingdom was the greater then yethe Babylon For the ancient Greeks & Latines in recconing up the successive general Monarchies omit the Babylonian & make yethe Assyrian the first the Medic the second the Persian the third the Greecian the fourth the Roman the fift & omit the Babylonian as less considerable, tho Daniel begins with this as more considerable then the Medie in respect of the Iews
that as Susiana Sittacene Adiabene Mesopotamia & Arabia Syria Idomæa & Egypt fell to yethe lot of Babylon so Elymais, Parætacine, Persis, Carmania, Parthia, Hycania, & Armenia & Asia minor
that as Adiabene Sittacene Susiana Sittacene Adiabene Mesopotamia & the regions westward fell to yethe lot of Babylon so Elymais, Parætacine, Armenia, Cappadocia & what they could further conquer in Persia & Asia minor fell to yethe lots of the Medes; & that as these Monarchies arose at one & the same time by the ruin of Nineveh so they fell together by the conquesting f arms ofvictories of Cyrus, & were both very potent while they stood & the Medie more potent then yethe Babylonian. For
Arbactus (in Cyaxe So Iustin: Arbactus [in vocat i.e. Cyaxares] I qui præfectus Medorum fuerat imperium ab Assyrijs ad Medos transfert. – In 96 prœlio Astyages [i. e. Darius Medus] capiter cui Cyrus nihil aliud quam regnum abstulit – eumqqꝫque maximæ genti Hyrcanorum præposuit Nam in Medos reverti noluit. Hic finis Medorum Imperij fuit. Regnaverunt annis 350. And so Velleius Paterculus Æmilius Sura & Velleius Paterculus: Assyrij principes ommium gentium rerum potiti sunt, deinde Medi, postea Persæ, deinde Macedones: exinde duobus regibus Philippo et Antiocho qui e Macedonibus oriundi erant, haud multo post Carthaginem , subactam, devictis, summa Imperij ad populum Romanum pervenit.
Regnaverunt annis 350. This long reign he has from yethe fables of Ctesias Dionysius Halycarnassæus says they d represents their reign a short one & Æschylus ✝ allows them only two kings reigns before Cyrus.
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who was 20 years old at yethe death of Cyrus born in the reign of Daniels The Mede, reccons t tells us that yethe Empire of yethe Medes lasted only during the reign of two kings before Cyrus.
Median anti regnum Cyri superioris et incrementa Persidos leginus Asiæ reginam totius, Assyrijs domitis. Ammianus l. 23 post med.
This skill in Astronomy shews that he had been instructed by the Chaldeans On yethe other but Hystaspes travelled into India to be instructed by the Gymnosophists & then conjoyning their skill they instituted & instructed a new set of Magi who at first were but few in number but in time or Priests & instructed them in matters of religion & Philosophy These at first & these instructed others till from a small number they gr grew to a great multitude. For suidas tells us wthwith Zoraster gave a beginning to yethe name of yethe Magi & Elmacinus that he reformed the religion of yethe Persians wchwhich till before was divided into many sects & Agathias that he introduced the religion of yethe Magi among the Persians changing their ancient sacred rites & bringing in several opinions & Amminianus that Amminianus tells us that Hystaspes, Darij pater, cum &c
SrSir Theodore My Lord Treasurer has referred yoryour Proposal to the Officers of the Mint & we humbly beg the favour of you to meet us on Wednesday Thursday morning at ten a clock at SrSir IJohn Stanleys Office in the Cockpit to discourse the buisiness in order to orour making a Report. I am YorYour most humble Servant Is. Newton. 1.
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Niobe the daughter of Phoroneus is by> said to be the first women wthwith whom Iupiter lay & Alcmena the last. This I understand of the mortal Iupiter of the Greeks during his reign amongst men in the silver age & therefore I begin that age the year before the birth of Argus the son of Iupiter & Niobe & successor of Phoroneus in the kingdom of Attica Argos & end it with the year before the birth of Hercules the son of Iupiter & Alcmena. Io the sister of Phoroneus was stole by the Phenaicias when they first began to sail from Sidon as far as Greece that is presently after the Edomites fled David & mixed with the Philistims & for the sake of trade took Zidon: wchwhich was about the f16th or 18th year of David as above. And Niobe was one generation younger & therefore might lye wthwith beare Argus about 30 or 35 years later.
Niobe the daughter of Phoroneus is said tob be the first woman with whom Iupiter lay & therefore this age began comenced the year before the birth of Argus the son of Iupiter & Niobe. Io the daughter of Inachus & sister of Phoroneus was one generation older then Inach Niobe. She was carried ab away from Greece by Sea Merchan the Phenician Merchants when they began first to extend their trade as far as Greece that is presently after the flight flight of the merchants of the Red Sea from David & their mixture with the Philistims & taking of Sidon for the sake of trade. This was about the 16 or 18th year of David as above & the birth Argus & the end of th Niobe being one generation younger then Io, the birth of Argus & beginning of the silver age was was about 30 or 35 years later & between these or about the 8th year of Solomon. And the golden age falls in wthwith age or generation between the rapture of Io & birth of Argus agrees answers to the golden age.
– & therefore Asterius reigned in Crete in the golden age, & the silver age began when Chiron was a child. And we shouldunless sus Chiron was about 805 years old in the time of the Argonautic Expedition, the silver age will not begin till after before the reign of Solomon.
After the taking of Troy there reigned six kings at Athens, one of them but one year & The other five at about 17 years a piece one with another will take up 85 about 85 years & so place the death of Codrus & Ionic migration under his sons about 86 years after the takin of Troy. Then reigned 13 Archons for life, the last of them only two years. The other 12 (of there were so many) at about 16 years a piece one with another take up about 192 years. Then reigned seven decennial Archons wchwhich at if two or three of them died in the time of their government might take up 40 or 50 years. All these years place the end of the Annual decennial Archons about 320 or 330 years after the taking of Troy, that is in the 48th or 50th Olympiad. Then reigned annual Archons about amongst whome were two lawmers - makers, Draco about the 50th Olympiad, & Solon about the 54th . Olympiad & Solon about the 54th.
513Harmodius & Aristogiton slay Hipparchus the son of Pisistratus. tyrant of yethe Aths
550Pisistratus becomes tyrant of the Athenians.
553The conference between Cræsus & Solon.
- 557Periander dyes. Corinth becomes free from Tyrants.
- 563Solon Archon of Athens.
- 575The Amphyctyins make war upon Cyrrha by yethe adiviceadvice of Solon in the days of Phidon.
- 580Phidon overthrown. Draco Archon.
- 5894Phidon presides in the 49th Olymp. 632 The first sea fight.
633Bathus buldsbuilds Cyrene.
640Rome built.
655Psammicticus king of all Egypt. And henceforwards the Ionians had access into Egypt & brought from thence the Ionian Philosophy Astronomy & Geometry.
632.The firs
- 697.The first building of Triremes.
- 708Lycurgus tutor to Charillus.
- 730Archias builds Corinth. Syracuse.
- 776Iphitus restores the Olympiads
- 804Codrus slain
- 825The return of the Heraclides.
844The Æolic migration into Bœotia.
- Nabonassar & ytthat the Assyrians in her reign might build Babylon For Diodorus (lib. 2. c. 1) tells us that the king who built Nineve & whom he calls Ninus, made a league with Arieus a king of the wandering Arabians, & by their assistance conquered the Babylonians & that Semiramis who built Babylon was his widdow: & therefore the Assyrians might build it in her reign for them that dwell in the wilderness the Arabians who assisted her husband in conquering it
& probably she might reign in over Chalonitis & Chaldea & between & Chalonitis after the death of Pul, & the reign of Nabonassar & build Babylon & people it with a mixture a conflux of Assyrians & Arabians & be succeeded by Nabonasser. For Diodorus tells us (lib. 2. c. 1) that the Assyrians in the beginning of their Empire in conquering Chaldea, were assisted by the Arabians & people Babylon with a conflux of Assyrians & Arabians
Chaldea was scarce subject to the Assyrian For the towers & Palaces of Babylon were built & the city peopled with a mixture of Assyrians & Arabians not long before in the days of Isaiah or not long before & For Chaldea was scarce subject to the Assyrians before Pul subdued Chalonitis & the towers - - - of Isaiah or not long before, that is, in the days of Pul & Tiglath Pileser. But the story of Semiramis as told by the Greeks is full of fables.
For the towers & palaces of Babylon (in wchwhich Pul r Nabonassar reigned) were built by the Assyrians [& the city peopled with a mixture of Assyrians & Arabians] in the days of Isaiah or not long before, that is in or soon after the days of Pul & Tiglath Pileser & or soon after. Who For For he began to extend the dominion of the Assyrians southwards conquering Chalonidis, or soon after Calneh & Thalasser & thereby [began to extend the dominion of yethe Assyrians southwards] & Nabonassar reigned reigned over the kingdom of the Chaldeans founded before by the Assyrians before But the history of Semiramis as it is told by the Greeks is full of fables. & thereby was enabled the Assyrian was enabled to found the kingdom of Babylon for them that dwelt in the wilderness. But the history And Semiramis might reign there next after him. But her history as told by the Greeks is full of fables
This city is said (by the followers of Ctesias) to have been built by Semiramis, & [one of the gates thereof was called the gate of Semiramis] aAccording to Herodotus she was five generations older then Nitocris the mother of Labynitus or Nabonnedus the last king of Babylon, & by the recconing she was contemporary to Tighlathpiliser. But others She might be the widow of one of the kings of Babylon & govern the kingdom during the mino minority of her son. But her story is full of fables. Other authors ascribe the building of Babylon to Belus that is, to Pul. So Dorotheus, an ancient Port of Sidon [apud Iulium Firmicum]
Αρχαίη Βαβυλῶν Τ Τυριου Βήλοιο πόλισμα
λVrbs Babylon vetue a Tyrio qua condita Belo est.
The ancient city Babylon built by the Tyrian Belus, that is by Pul the Syrian Syrian or words Syrian or Assyrian Belus; being the words Tyrian Syrian & Assyrian being all of them derived from Tzor the Phenician name of the city Tyre. And Herennius [apud Steph. in Βαβ.] tells us that it was built by Belus the son of Belus; & this son might be Nabonassar. The father After the conquest of Calneh, & Thalasser & Sipparæ might begin to build Babylon & leave it to his younger son. or other kings. And Nabossernassar might erect the Temple of Iupiter Belus to his father or Vnkle For all the kings of Babylon in the Canon of Ptolomy are called Assyrians, & Nabonassar is the first of them
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SrI received your Letter & I desire you therefore to accept of thirty by wchwhich I understand that you want a few more Bibles Bibles to be disposed of to poor people, & I have therefore delivered themirty to Mr Auditor Foleys Clerk who will send them to you. And I pray you to accept of them & dispose of them to poor people as you shall find occasion.. I am glad to heare of your good health, & wishing it may long continue, I remain
In the end of the marriage settlement of Mr Low, there is a covenant that upon wthwith Mr Low & his wife & the other two the three sisters joynth severally & not joynthly covenant with Newton Chapman that upon his paying them to them one hundred pounds a piece with interest for the same after the death of their grandmother, & after Ione Chapman, & after their attaining to their several ages of 21 years, they shall give discharges &c. And the reason I take to be this.
No interest could become due upon the Principal before the Principal became due. And the Principal did not become due to any of the sisters before the death of their grandmother Ione Chapman. For the land out of the profits of wchwhich the Principal was to be raised by the Trustees was setled upon the said Grandmother in joynture without impeachment during her life; [so that the Trustees had no power to raise any p moneys out of the same for any of the three sisters before her death.] & no part of the & profits of the land could become due to any of the sisters wile while the whole profits thereof were due to the Grandmother. She was to have the use of the Principal till her death without paying interest for the same & Chapman Lowe began to have the use of the Principal of it from the time of her death & was not to pay interest fore the same before he began to have the use of it.
To the RtReverent HonbleHonourable the Lords Commissioners of his MatiesMajesties Treasury.May it please yoeyour LordpsLordships
The salaries of the Clerks of the Mint which were setled about sixty years ago, being now not sufficient for their maintenance, I humbly pray that they may be augmented by about a fift po quarter; so that the salaries of the Warden's Clerk, of my three Clerks & of the Comptrollers Clerk, which are forty pounds per annum each, may become 50£ each; & that those of the Assaymasters Clerk & of the Purveyer to the Mint wchwhich are twenty pounds each per anannum, may become twenty & five pounds per annum each: & those of the Clerk of the Weigher & Teller & of the Clerk of the Surveyor of the meltings wchwhich are ten pounds each per anannum may becom twelve pounds ten shillings each. All wchwhich is most humbly submitted to yoeyour LordpsLordships great wisdomeMint Office.Iune 26th 1722.Isaac Newton. 4.
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Rhampses built yethe western Portico, Mæris the northerns, Asychis the eastern & Psammiticus the southern
The kings of the The Coptites or Thebans who drave the them out were in the reign of their kings Mephramathosis & Amosis drave them out.
Rhapses Rameses or Rhampsinitus built the successor of Memnon built yethe western Portico of the Temple, Mæris the eastern Northern Portico, & the Labyrinth & made the great lake of Mæris wthwith two Pyramids in it. Some other kings built other Pyramids & then Asychis built the stately eastern portico. Then Egypt brake into three or four kingdoms, [seated at meph or Memphys, Zoan or Tanis & Sais] & Gnephactus & called also Neochabis Nectabis & Technatis) & his son Bocchoris reigned successily at Memphis, Stephinates Nichepsos & Nechus at Sais successively at Sais & some others in other places, & in the time of these kingdoms Ægypt was again subdued by the Ethiopians under Sabbacon. And about that time some Egyptians
....... reduced to a Monarchy. Psammiticus built the southern Portico of yethe Temple of Vulcan, & Manetho tell The Priests of Egypt tell us that Memphis & this temple were founded by Menes the first king of Egypt who reigned next after the age of the Gods. And if sc Whence Menes was scarce older then P Amenop or Amenophis so old as Ammon & Sesak who built Thebes. For it is not likely that the Temple of Vulcan could be above two or three hundred years in building. The heathens in those days worshipped their kings, & their greatest Gods were their greatest potentates & founders of new dominions.
& for ‡ In his reign they also built long ships wthwith sails upon the Red Sea & upon the coasts of Libya & for yethe sake of navigation began to study Astronomy, & in the reign of his son Sesak ...... beaten by Asa. And the people of the lowere Egypt revolting called in the Iews. Afterwards Then But Amenoph, Amenophis or Memnon after a few years drave them out again & this is by Manetho called the second expulsion of the shepherds. Memno This king buil built Memphys from him called Menoph, & by contraction Moph & Noph, & there founded the magnificent temple of Vulcan, & his successors...... labyrinth. His son Rhampses, Rameses or Rhampsinitus built the western Portico of this temple Mæris built the northern Portico & the Labyrinth & the lake of Mæris wthwith two Pyramids in it. This Labyrinth was standing almost entire in Plinies days when the Cretan Labyrinth was gone. Some following kings built other Pyramids & then Asychis built the stately eastern portico, & Ægypt soon after brake into three or four kingdoms Gnephactus (called also Neochabis Nectabis & Technatis) & his son Boccharis reigned successively at Memphys, Stephanatus, Nichepsos & Nechus successively at Sais & Ansysis & some others in other places. And in the time of these kingdoms
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29300108. 72 2800. to 1
Akingdoms. Egypt was again subdued by the Ethiopians under Sabbacon who slew Boccharis & Nechus & put Anysis to flight. About that time some Egyptians........ to a monarchy. Psammiticus built the southern Portico of the Temple of Vulcā & it is not likely that this Temple could be above two or three hundred years in building. Between the reign of yethe Ethiopians & yethe twelve Princes Diodorus puts an arch anarchy of twelve two years, & this anarchy I take to be the reign of the Assyrians over Egypt, the Egyptians being.... Isa 20.
In the reign of Asarhadon .....
SrSir,I send you herewith th the box of standard weights I promised you for forreign moneys current in Ireland. I have examined them by the standard weights of her MatsMajesties Mint in the Tower & found them just. The prices is 2£ 15s as in the Bill inclosed in the Box. The pile of weights wthwith a Harp graved upon them, is the standard by wchwhich for the small round weights weights made for forreighn pieces of money. If these weights I presume they will agree wthwith yethe weights formerly sent from hence & established by Proclamation, & so will need no new authority to make them usefull. I am I have sealed them up that you have them upon my credit.
Tower of London Aug 14 1712 Thes weights conteined th in this Box I have examined by the standard weights of her MatsMajesties Mint in the Tower & found them just. The pile of weights wthwith a Harp graved on them is the standard for for sizing & by wchwhich examining the penny weights & grains & the small round weights were made for forreign pieces of money current in Ireland. I suppose presume they will agree wthwith yethe weights formerly sent from hence & established by Proclamation & so will need no furthe new authority to make them usefull. I amIs. Newton 3.
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To The HonrableSrSir Isaac Newton at his house in St Martin Street London
the Temple of Belus with the old Palace between that temple & the river. This was that Belus who founded the city & set on foot the study of the stars. He was recconned the progenitor of Nebuchadnezzar & might be Pul the founder of the Assyrian Empire or perhaps Sesac. For Babylon is sometimes called Sesac, & its first king mentioned by heathen writers is by Eusebius called Euechous (perhaps from the exclamation ἐυοι) & the Belus of the Chalddeans the God whom Iupiter whom the Arabians called Dionysus & Bacchus the Chaldeans called Belus. And Pausanias tells us that the Belus of the Babylonians had his name from Belus an Egyptian the son of Libye. Its probable therefore that Sesac left a colony at Babylon wchwhich set up his worship & erected his temple to him.
This is that Belus the warrior the son of Libye who first made war with the sword & from whom war was called bellum, as above. For Hyginus calls him the son of Neptune & Libye.
Pausanias [l. 4. c. 23.] tells us that the Belus of the Babylonians had his name derived from Belus an Egyptian the son of Libye & Hyginus that the Africans & Egyptians fought at first with swords & then Belus the son of Neptune & Libye foug made war with swords, whence war was called bellum. Its probable therefore that Sesac left a Colony at Babylon wchwhich after his death set up his worship under the name of Belus (the common name of the Gods of the cities & erected to him the temple of Belus on the east side of the river, whose foundation is still remaining. And this is confirmed by the name of Sesac given to B sometimes given to Babylon [Ier 25. 626 & 51.41.] & by this kings setting on foot the study of the stars at Babylon (Plin l. 6. c. 26.) a study which began in Egypt in the days of his father Ammon & in his days by consequence was quickly propagated from thence into Libya, & Greece & Chaldea: For the sphere of the Greeks was formed by Chiron a little before the Argonautic expedition & that of the Egyp Libyans bey attributed to Atlas who flourished a little before his contemporary. This Temple of Belus was a square building of two furlongs on each side & had in the middle encomp encompassing a square court & had in the middle of the court a solid Tower or Pyramid a furlong square & a furlong high with seven retractions which made it appear like eight towers standing upon one another; & in the eighth Tower was a Temple & with a Bed & a golden Table kept by a woman after the manner of the Egyptians in the Temple of Iupiter Ammon at in Thebes. They went up to the top of it by steps on the outside & there observed the stars. The Babylonians imitated the Egyptians also in their sacred rites & mysteries & immunity of their Priests from Taxes & in the form of their Astronomical year. [But some of these things might be introduced afterwards by those Egyptians who fled from Sabacon & carryed Astrology with them to Babylon.] And Eusebius (out of ) has set down a race of Babylonian kings of the Chaldeans the first of wchwhich he calls Euechous, & takes him to be Nimrod; but its mo] all wchwhich are were remains of an Egyptian dominion in Chaldea.
This is that Herculus who (according to Eudoxus) was slain by Typhon & who (according to Ptolomæus Hephæstion lib. 2) was called Nilus, & who conquered Gerion with he three sons in Spain & set up the Pillars famous pillars at the straits mouth called Hercules's pillars. For Diodorus l 3 pag 145 mentioning three Hercules the Egyptian the Tyrian & the son of Alcmena, saith that the oldest was the E flourished in Egypt & set up the pillar among the Egyptians & having conquered a great part of the world with his armi set up the Pillar in Afric. And Vasæus (in his Chron. Hispan. chap. 10) that Osiris who is called also Dionysius came from Ægypt into Spain & conquered Gerion & was the first who brought Idolatry into Spain.
And where since Christ set on foot the Christian religion by ~ explaining to his Apostles & s the prophesies concerning himself in Moses & Prophets & Psalms & sending them to teach his interpretations to others: if any question at any time arise concerning his interpretations We are to beware of Philosophy & vain deceipt & oppositions of science falsely so called & to have threcourse to the old Testament & compare the places explained with the explanations thereof in the new. As for instance if we would know what it is to be understood by calling Iesus the Lamb of God aa Dan 9.24, 25. the Messiah or the Christ or Messiah, bb Dan 7.13. the son of Man, cc Psal. 2.7, 8, 9. the Son of God, the dd Exod. 12.3, 721, 22, 23, 27, 46. & ch. 29.38. Lamb of God, the ee Gen 2.16, 17 & 3.8, 9, 10, 11 Isa. 11.4. Hebr. et τῶν ο Word of God, Michael & ff Gen. 2.16, 17 & 3.8, 9, 10, 11. the God who was in the beginning with God & gg Dan. 10.13, 21 & 12.1. Michael the Ar or by interpretation Quis-est-sicut-Deus.
p. 5. l. salt Larynx & p. 6. l 22. Par 3 pag 1 lin 6 for Constellation write Body.
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Vir celeberrime
Epistolam tuam & chartas Italicuhs scriptas quas unà misisti communicavi cum Societate Regia quæ rem rem retulit ad quendam e hSociujsm Italica at mathematice doctum. Ipsa enim opinionem propriam de rebus dubijs nunquam tradit profert. Socius autem ille lectis chartis opini observationes suas in Schediasmate composuit quod s s una cum hac epistola accipies
Your letter I received together with the Papers which accompanied ithem concerning the Italian Language letting of the Rheno into the Po, & I communicated them to the R. Society. But I should acquaint you that yethe Royal Society make it a general Rule never to give their opinion in disputal doubtful matters few of them being Mathema They can give their testimony in matters of fact wchwhich appear to them, but few of them are Mathematicians. They also avoid medling with civil affairs wchwhich have no relation to natural Philosophy. However, they desired one of their fellows who is skilled in Mathematicks & understands the Italian tongue to peruse the same & upon considering them he drew up his observations upon them in a Paper wchwhich you will receive from Mr Burnet. I am SrSir
A MonsrMonsieur
MonsrMonsieur
This Council did not use to trifle. They always met upon state affairs for the welfare of Greece & therefore sent the Argonauts to upon an Embassy to the said Princes & coloured over their designe with the fable of the golden fleece. And probably their designe was to notify the distraction of Egypt & perswade them Princes to take that opportunity to revolt & set up for themselves. And thus ended the great Empire of Egypt.
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SrSirMy misforton is so great which makes me trouble you at this Time is that I been out of Bisness So Long and all my mony Spent by Resonn that my famaly fell ill when they Came to Town and then my Wife Dying; my Doughter falling ill of the Small Pox and not fitt for Seruis yoatwherfora – I humbly Craue your pardon in Takeing this freedom with you
SrSir as Latting my Case be known to you and Dew humbly Craue your – Asisdance in this my afares which is all at present from who was and is and Remeaines your Most – Dewty full Servant to Command London June: 21: 1717 John Corker
SrSir Tould you three Month agoe that my Wife was Dead and I wooda been willing to aworne your Leuerrey if you had – tould me that you wanted a footman When your man went away and I humbly your one answer Cray your one – anser for my Case is uery hard
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For Pliny tells us that Thales made de the Occasus matutinus of the Pleiades to be upon the 25t day after the autumnal Equinox & thence Petavius computes the longitude of the longitude oflongitude of the Pleiades in the days of Thales in ♈ _ 23. 53' according to Thales . [In yethe year 1660 the Lucida Pleiadum was in ♉ 25° 15'. 51" & therefore the stars are gone backward since the observation of Thales 31°. 22'. 51"] And thence] wchwhich being their Longitude not before the Trojan war began but in the 39th or 40th year of Thales (as I find by computation) shews that ] Thales did not retain the places of yethe Equinox determined by yethe Astronomers who lived before the times of the Trojan war but determined placed it where he found it by his own observations, transferring it the equinox & solstices from yethe end of the 15th to the beginning of yethe 12t degree of the Asterisms of the zodiack Aries of the Zodiac. For Anno 1660 Lucida Pleiadum in the end of the year 1660 was in ♉ 25.15.51 & thence recconing backward degree a degree for every 72 years for every degree the L the Lucida Pleiadum will be found in ♉ 25° 53' in yethe 40th year of Thales., & therefore Thales did not retain the place – own observations [& therefore considering that he was of authority sufficient to propagate any opinion we may reccon him the man who first laid aside the opinion of the Equinoxes & Solstices being in the 15 degrees of the signes placed them in yethe 12t.
Hesiod tells us that when sixty days after the winter solstice are past Arcturus has his ortus vespertinus, that is rises at sunset. // This I so understan If by so soon as by the meridian altitudes of yethe Sun it appears that yethe winter solstice is past, the from yethe follo sunset next following they count 40 days to yethe Ortus Vespertinus of Arcturus, so that from yethe solstice to the last observation at of the stars meridian altitude there are some howers wchwhich & from thence six hours more to sunset before the 40 days begin. & if If for yethe odd hours one y If & if yethewe reccon yethe odd hours one year wthwith another to be equipollent to half a day the whole time from the equinox winter solstice to yethe ortus vespertinus of Arcturus will be 40 days 18 hours. ] laying aside the opinion of the ancients that yethe Equinoxes & solstices were in the middle of the signes & placing them in yethe 12t degrees thereof. For was one of his authority sufficient to do this was above any man's.
After the times of the Argonautic expedition & Trojan war, Astronomy lay neglected till the days of Thales. He
Hesiod flourished in yethe mountain Helicon neare Athens in yethe latitude of about days 37°.45s & He tells us that when sixty days after the winter solstice are past Arcturus rises has his ortus vespertinus, that is, as authors interpret he rises at sunset, sixty days after the day of the winter solstice. How many hours till the solstice happens before sunset is uncertain. If at a middle recconing we take 12, there will be 60 1/2 days from yethe solstice to yethe ortus vespertinus of Arcturus. The Aphelionoge of the sun was the in ♉ 25° or thereabouts & in 60 1/2 days the sun moved 62°.
Among Of the Astronomers who flourished next after the times of the Trojan war Thales is recconed the oldest. He observed the s revived Astronomy, & observed the stars & was the first who could predict Eclipses & wrote a book of the Tropics & Equinoxes.. Pliny tells us that he determined the Occasus matutinus of the Pleiades to be upon the 25t day after the Autumnal Equinox, & thence Petavius computes the longitude of the Pleiades in ♈ 23deg 53'. Now Ludica Pleiadum in the end of the year 1660 was in ♉ 25.15:51 & thence recconing backwards a degree for every 72 years (wchwhich is the motion of the Equinox according to the opinion of Astronomers of this age) the Lucida Pleianum will be found in ♈ 23 57 in the 9599th years before Christ that is in the 42th year of Thales. And therefore Thales did not retain the place of the Equinox determined by Astronomers who lived before the Trojan war but placed it where he found it by his own Observations,. that is For his publishing a book about yethe Tropics & Equinoxes shews that he receded from the opinions of formerthe first former Astronomers & his age shows, [& by consequence it was he that he was the first the first who removed the Equinoxes from yethe 15th degree of the signes & placed them in the 12th. For to do this his authority was greater then any man's] & if he was the first who removed the Equinoxes & Solstices from yethe 15th degrees of the signes [it must be he that placed them in the 12t degrees. For] (For his authority to do this was greater then any man's) who placed them in the 15th degrees or middle of the signes. And if he was the first we have reason to reccon him the author of the opinion that they were in the 12t degrees.
Meton Eudoxus according to Eusebius was contemporary to Meton, but according to Diogenes he lived a little later. He travelled into Egypt & having conversed wthwith Astronomers of both nations published a new Octaeteris & wrote a book of the Constellations – – sphere
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Elizabeth Lucas being in committed to yethe Poultry Counter upon suspicion of stealing a crime for wchwhich she was not prosecutedstealing Plate from Mr Secr.Secretary Harley & being cleared from yethe suspicion but not yet set a liberty discovered that she had received counterfeit money of one Ms Bayly to put offwho made yethe same, & shewed a half crown & a six pence of the money & said that Ms Bayly made yethe same & imployed also one Ms Salt to put of such money. Afterwards one Ms Miller hearing that search was made for thosesame weomen, discovered to Mr Secretary Harleywho had stole the plate from, disco-vered to (Mr Secretarys Mr William Hegley Butler) where she might find them, whereupon the women they weresearch & thereupon by the Butler & a Constable one Cole a Constable apprehended . thee weomenwho proved to be Mrs Bayly alias Labree & Mrs Salt., & & Mr Secretary upon upon the oath of yethe said Elizabeth Lucas committed Ms Labree to Newgate & Ms Salt to yethe Counter. In The constable uponupon In apprehending them the constable found in the house some spand & ten shillings of conterfeit money, Ms Miller found about three or four pounds of counterfeit money & the Butler found some filings of silver. All wchwhich things were produced before Mr Secretary & afterward at yethe triall., & Ms LucasMs Lucas being the chief evidence by wchwhich she was convicted of High Treason & by the evidence of yethe sdsaid Eliza Ms Lucas, Ms Labree was committed to Newgate & convicted of H.High Treason. The Butle Mr Hegley has in this service expended about 30s & desires nothing further of the reward then his charges.
Afterwards one Mary Sistern seing watching Ms Salt & seing her go into a house in Trinity Lane told Mr William Hegley (Mr Secretaries Butler) where she might be taken & the houses there on both sides that house were searched but th wthwithout finding her. Then one Ms Miller who lived over against the right house discovered to yethe Said Butler MrHegley that two suspicious weomen lodged in the house over against her, & the said Butler MrHegley & one Cole a Constable there apprehended –
I find by examining MrHegley, Mr Lucas, Mr Sistern, Mrs Mill & the Constable that the matter of fact above related is true.Is. Newton
Meton & Euctemon Meton & Euctemon observed the summer solstice in the year of Nabonassar 316 on yethe 21th day of Phamenoth in the morning, that is in yethe year of yethe Iulian Period 4282 Iune 27th about six in yethe morning as Petavius collects out of Ptolemy.
Meton & Euctemon, in order to publish the Lunar Cycle of 19 years, observed the solstice & in the year of Nabonassar 316 & Columella tells us that they placed it in the 8th degree of Cancer: wchwhich opinion being published to the people in the Tables of that Cycle became generally received & continued long in vogue. [Petavius collects out of Ptolemy that they observed the Solstice in yethe year of Nabonassar 316 on yethe 21th day of Phamenoth in the morning that is in yethe year of the Iulian Period 4282, Iune 27, about six in yethe morning.] This obse] From yethe 21th year of Thales to the when (at wchwhich time he might begin to make observations) to yethe year of Nabonassar 316 there are but 187 years] Now considering that recconing wthwith Astronomers that yethe Eq.xEquinox goes backwarsbackwards one degree in about 72 years it will & by consequence three degrees in 216 years & seven degrees in 504 years & considering that Thales was born an. 1 Olymp 35 according to Laertius & that from the 24th year of his age ( wchwhich about wchwhich time he might make his first Observations) to the year wchwhich Meton & Euctemon observed the solstice there were but 184 years wchwhich time is too short by 32 years for the pasing of the Equinox from the beginning of the 12 degree of Cancer to the end of the 8th degree solstice between the 12t degree of Cancer. Let the error be ascribed to the Let the error observations (wchwhich in these days were but coarse) & let it be equally divided between the Observations of Thales & those of Meton by saying 6373 that yethe Equinox solstice was in the beginning of yethe 12t degree about 16 years before the Observations of Thales & about 16 years in yethe end of the 8th about 16 years after the Observations of Meton, that is Anno Nabonass. 1332 & from this last period count backwarsbackwards 504 years (the time in wchwhich the solstice moves 4 degrees 7 degrees backwards from the 15th to yethe 8th degree of Cancer & the recconing will end in yethe 861 years after yethe death of Solomon.
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But considering that the first kings of Rome were elective & all of them except Numa died either died a violent death or were dethroned f by force I had rather allow but 165 or 176 years ap a piece to those kings reigns one with another & so make the building of Rome & destruction of Troy 20 or 30 or 40 years later. And this Numa who was a Philopsopher may have lived after Pharecides Thales & Pythagoras began to bring Philosophy into Europe.
But for understanding the grownd of these recconings & removing Objections it is to be observed / & the epocha of Iehojakins captivity will fall upon yethe year the beginning of yethe year of Nabonassar 149 & the year of yethe captivity accordingly as it is recconed inclusively or exclusively will to be either this year of Nabonas 149 or yethe year before. For the captivity of Iehojakin was after the return of yethe year that is in yethe Summer half year (2 Chron. 36.10, Nebuch
For Iehojakim dying in yethe 11th year of his reign was buried dishonourably wthwithout yethe city & Iehojakin his son succeeded him & reigned 3 months & 10 days in the beginn spring. And For in the beginning return of yethe year that is (2 Chron ) that is in spring when kings go out to battel Nebuchadnezzar in the 8th year of his reign sent & beseiged Ierusalem & Iehojakin surrendered & was carried to Babylon with his Princes & craftsmen & Smiths & all that were fit for war & the Vessels of the Temple so& when none remained but the poorest sort of yethe people Nebuchadnezzar made Iehojakin Zedekiah their king. who reigned full (& Ier. 1.3) eleven years & was cap ended his reign in summer in yethe 19th year of Nebuchadnezzar. In the ninth year of Zedekiah in the 10th month Nebuchanezzar laid siege to Ierusalem. In yethe 10th year Pharaoh came out of Egypt wthwith an army to raise the siege & the Chaldeans went up to meet him () & then the Iews being freed from their fear let brought back into servitude their manservants & maid servants wchwhich they had newly set in their distress in yethe autumn before set at liberty according to yethe law of Moses concerning the sabbatical year. For being then in distress they & according to a solemn covenant they had wchwhich they had made that autumn before theyhumbled themselves & entered into a solemn covenant in yethe Temple that they would set their servant at liberty according were in distress. for the observation of wchwhich they had entered then entered into a solemn covenant in yethe Temple. Ieremias therefore being hitherto at liberty () reproved them for this breach o transgression but was soon after imprisoned before yethe end of yethe 10th year & continued in prison till the end of the siege, & after his imprisonment the Chaldeans returned in the same tenth year & continued the siege took the city in yethe 11th year & in yethe 4th month & but it & the Temple the month following. So then the tenth year of Zedechias & 18th of Nebuchadnezzar was sabbatical city was taken in yethe year next after the sabbatical year & by consequence in yethe year of Nabonassar 159
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Novlint vnivlsi &c
The Condicon of this Obligation is such that Whereas the Queens Majesty by her Letters Patents under the Great Seale of England bearing Date the 11th day of Iuly Iune in the first yeare of her Reign hath given & granted & by these p
& make gree to the Merchants of that wchwhich to them belongeth of Gold & silver wchwhich the said Isaac Newton shall receive by manner vertue of his Office in manner appointed or to be appointed by her Majesty.
Mr Neales Ballance – 2158. 6. 3 1/2
Provosts house –167. – –
M Weddells salary –105. – –
Remainder1886. 6. 3 1/2
Paid on acctaccount of yethe Country Mints
To Mr Fendall –1277. 16. 3
To Mr Birdikin –076. 0. 0
To Mr Walford –190. 0. 0
To Mr Leake –223. 7. 6
1767. 3. 9
& upon notice that yethe children of Israel fled, Pharaoh speedily made ready all took all yethe horse chariots & horses of Egypt being 600 chariots & pursued after ymthem at Pihahiroth & overtook them at Pihahiroth their third encampment that is in yethe evening end of the third day. So ytthat Phar This smal number of chariots & quick pusuit wthwith by land makes it probable that Pharaohs kingdom lay only on yethe eastern side of the Bubastic river. Tis said indeed that Moses did his wonders in the field of Tanis in Zoan but that is [Yet This region being long after under yethe dominion of Tanis or Zoan Isa. 19.11 & 30.4 Moses is said to do his wonder in the field of that City. Psal 78] Yet Zoan the other s a city ion yethe other side of yethe river becoming afterwards the royal city of yethe lower Egypt (Isa 19.11 & 30.4) Moses is said to have done his wonders in the field or territory of ytthat city Psal. 78. This region becoming afterwards subject to Zoan (Isa 19.11 & 30.4) was then called the feild or territory of that city Psal. 78.
Its said indeed that while the Israelites were in Egypt there rose up a new king who knew not Ioseph, Exod. 1.8 but least you should take this for a new king for yethe new kingdom of yethe Shepherds its added soon after that that in process of time the king of Egypt died Exod. 2.23. Then A new king who knew not Ioseph is a king born after Ioseph was dead & began to be forgotten.
And when yethe children of Israel fled Pharaoh presently speedily pursued after them with all his army of 600 chariots & overtook them at yethe Red sea wchwhich could not at their third encampment or on yethe third day, wchwhich could not have been done had his army been lain scattered through any large tract of land or any part of it been
If we may suppose that Pharaoh Necho came out Egypt & slew Iosiah in Spring & 3 months after captivated deposed Ioahaz & made Iojakim king, that after ten Nebuchadne Iehojakim reigned 11 years incomplete & died in yethe 3d year of his reign was bound in chains by Nebuchadnezzar & reigned 11 years incomplete & died in yethe end of winter the Iewish year & was succeeded by his son Iehojakin in about yethe end of yethe Iewish year & o after 3 months & 10 daysin yethe spring following the that in the begin spring following the Nebuchadnezzar sent & brought him to babylon wthwith the vessels of yethe temple captivated Iehojakin & after a months or two more in wchwhich he spoiled the temple & carried away all the principal men of valour & smiths & all that were fit for war he sk so that none remained but yethe poor of yethe land he made Zedekiah king, & that Zedekiah reig who reigned full eleven years: & if
Or if if you reccon yethe 37 years of Ieha
The last king of so married Amyite the daughter of his son Astyages th s & And contracting off to Nebuchadnezzar the son of Nabopolasser, & returned to yethe war against Babylon Nineve & together wthwith Nebuchadnezzar who commanded yethe army of his father took & demolished the city, Saracus the last king thereof burning himself with his Palace, by wchwhich circumstances Saracus & Sardanapalus are one & yethe same king: Polyistor gives yethe name of Sardanapalus to Nabopolassar yethe father of Nebuchadnezzar & thereby makes Sardanapalus contemporary to Saracus, whereas he should ha Sardanapalus was king of Assyria & therefore the king of Baby Nabopolasser was yethe king of Babylons name was Nabopolasser. The destructiō of Nineveh Ios the Greeks usually ascribe to the Medes, the Iews to the Babylonians, Tobit Iosephus & Ctesias to both together.
45
Pag. 3. lin ult. Ad verba [accurata si possibile sit] notetur in ima pag Annon Proposito quinta libra de Quadraturis Newtono innotuit anno 1666.
Besides th
There was a king in Egypt said in the Dynasties of Manetho to reign an hundred years & called Phios or Aphiops, or Phiops, Phios & Apappus maximus or that is Epaphus maximus or Apis & perhaps this was the King to whom the ox Apis was dedicated. But the Ox was worshipped in Egypt before the days of Moses. Among the In the Dynasties of Manetho some kings are said to have reigned at This, others at Memphis, others at Thebes, others at Elephantis, others at Heracleopolis, others at Xois, others at Tanis, others at Bubastis, others at Sais, others at Mendes others at Sebennis. Which makes it probable that a great part of Manethos dynasties kings reigned in several parts before the days of Ammon & Sesac when Egypt was divided into several small kingdoms, some before the days of Ammon, & Sesac & others after the days of Mæris & Nito Nitocris: & that the Priests of Egypt out of the Records of their several cities collected the ki the kings of all these kingdoms into one continual successiō to make their kingdom the ages of their Gods look ancient. We have here given an account of those kings only wchwhich seem to have reigned at Thebes & Memphis after the days of Ammon. One of the ancient kings is said (in the Dynasties of Manetho & Erastosthenes) to have reigned an hundred years & is called Aphiops, Phiops, Phios & Apappus maximus, that is Epaphus maximus or Apis. And perhaps this was the king from whom the old Egyptian month Epiphi had its name & in whom the Egyptians worshipped the Ox or Calf before the days of Moses; unless you had rather say that that the name & worship of the Ox Apis was afterwards translated to Osiris.
Scaliger observes that the of Manetho was composed of king
33
SrSir Theodore
I humbly begg the favour of you to get leave that Mr Cha.Charles Gregory may be admitted to subscribe 500l or 1000l in the next subscription in the south sea
Parisios se contulit et ad usque mensem Iuniusm sequentem commercium cum Oldenburgio habuit, deinde Algebram et Geometriam sublimiorum didicit, et mense. Iulio anni prim sequentis Commercium cum Oldenburgio renovari sribens se mirificum habere Theorema
p. 48. lin 22 – in lucem edidit. Inde Gregorius methodum tangentium hausit absque computatione, eamque Collinio notam fecit per Epistolam 5 Novem 1670. Newtonus autem suam –
The Dynasties of Manetho Eratosthenes & Manetho, seem too confused to be reduced into good order. At the command of the Kin
In his
Scaliger complains that some of the kings in the Table of Erastosthenes by the Dynasty of yethe Theban kings collected by Erata/osthesthenes it appears that several kings reigned in several parts of Egypt at onece & the same time. And Manetho tells us that some of his kings reigned at This, others at Memphys, others at Thebes, others at Heracleopolis, others at Bubastis Xous, others at Sais Tanis, otherothers at Bubastis, others at Mendes, others at Sebennis. Which makes it probable that many of those kings reigned in several parts of Egypt at onece & the same time before Egypt was reduced into a Monarchy, & that after Cambyses had carried away the Records of Egypt the Priests of Egypt have collected their Kings from the Records of their several cities & summed up their reigns to make the ages of their Gods look ancient. Herodotus wrote above 200 years before & And perhaps some who are recconed amongst the kings reigned not but had were only eminent only one of the Names of Egypt dedicated to them, as Athothes or Thoth, & Thuor the husband of Alexandra.
ToSrSir Isaac NewtonHumbly
a Huic responsetur supra pag. 204, 205.
b Principia naturæ mathematica inventa sunt quidem per Analysum scripsa s metho vero perdo syntheticaæ more Veterum, ut oportuit. Et Methodus Synthetica calculis Analyticus vacare debet. Vide supra, pag 206
c Literæ punctatæ op comparuerunt in secundo Volumine Operum Wallisij anno 1693 sunt cum calculus differentialis nondū involuisset Vide supra pag. 207, 208
d Haeisc respondetur supra pag. 204, 205, 180.
e Certe Newtono Rectā methodusm differentiandi differentialia Newtono prius innotuie quam Leibnitio ostenditur supra pag 180.
NB. Hæc refutantur supra, a pag 204, 205; b pag. 206; c pag. 207, 208. d pag. 204 180, 204, 205. e pag. 180. Volum [Porro Volumea tertium Wallisij prodijt anno 1699: literæ copunctateæ comparuerunt in secundo ejus Volumine anno 1693. Porro in Principijs Naturæ Mathematicis p calculo fluxionum intendi nulla fuit oce] Prin Methodus non consistit in forma symbolorum. Principia Philosophiæ Mathematica inventæ sunt per Analysin, edita vero per synthesin more veterum. Volumen tertium Wallisij prodijt anno 1699 literæ prodier punctatæ prodierunt in secundo ejus volumine anno 1693. Incrementare consta iperius x Newtonus etium nunc notare solet per o. Newtoni methodus differentiandi differentialia habetur in Prop. 1 Libri de quadraturis & edita fuit a Wallisio in secundo Volumine operū Wallisij ejus anno 1693, tribus annis antequam Methodus Leibnitij lucem vidit, estque verissima, ac demonstrate, fuit synthetice in Lem. 2. Lib. 2 Princip. anno 16856, & posita fundamentum methodi fluxionum in Tractatu quem de his rebus scripsit anno 1669 uti Newtonus patet ex ejus Epistola add Oldenburgum 24 Octob. 1676.
54
Hæ omnia refutantur supra, pag 9, 10, 12, 32, 33, 34 36, 37, 38, 39, 40 52. [Et huic judicio opponitur judicium antiquius Wallisij cui per ea tempora Leibnitius minime cotradixit Vide p. 32, 33, 34.
Figmantis utique inititur hoc judicium quod 1ma Quod methodus fundatur in literis punctatis, 2do quod in Principijs Mathematicus Newtonus calculo suo utendi frequentem habuit occasionem. 3o quod literæ punctatæ prima vice comparuerunt in tertio volumine operum Wallisij, 4to quod symbolum o calculi differentialis commodo destruit, 5to.
Hæc omnia Affirmationes utique a, b, c, d, e finguntur, et huic Iudicio opponitur judiciū antiquius Wallisij cui per ea tempora Leibnitius minime contradixit.
a Newtonus in Introductione ad Librum de Quadraturis methodum docuit & exemplis illustravit & in Lem 2 Lib. 2 Princip. demonstravit absque literis punctatis. b, c, d, e, f Hæ affirmationes finguntur.
SrSir You are desired to meet the Rector & yethe rest of the Trustees & of His late Grace of Canterburys Charity to yethe pishparish of St Iames, At yethe Chapel Vestry room, by ten of the clock in yethe morning, On Thursday next yethe 21 Instant, To Choos a Morning Preacher in yethe room of the Ld.Bp.Lord Bishop of Glocester, And 4 new Members to be Trustees, in yethe places of yethe 4 deceased, And you are desired not to fail the surviving Trustees being very few. I am December 19. SrSir. Your most duty full Servt.Servant 1721. AiP. Warren
7547
Folio
Sam. Bocharti Hierozoicon 2 Vol. lig. Gall. Lond. 1663 fol.
– Spencer de Ligibus Hebræorum.
– Vssrij annalis vet. Test. 2 Vol. Lond. 1650.
– Sexti Empirici opera gr. lat. ex interp. G Herveti Geneva 1621.
– Pausanias gr. lat, Lipsiæ 1696.
– Ptomolomæi Geogr. gr. lat. cum tabl. et notis Mercatoris & Ortelij lig. Gal. Lugd. Bat. 1618
– Stephanus de urbibus Gr. lat. Amst 1678
Hygini Fabula & Astronomicon cum lib. similis argumenti Palæpheti Placiadis, Phurnuti, Albrici, Arati, Procli. Basil. 1543
Fred. H. Noris de anno et Epochi Syromacedonum in antiquis Syriæ urbium nummis, expositis, Florent 1689.
Prosperi Paritij variora magnæ Græciæ numismata 1683.
– Catalogus librorum MSS Angliæ et Hiberniæ Oxon 1697
– Catalogus Biblitothecæ Oxoniensis librorum impressorum per T. Hyde 1674
Quarto
– H. tribi Ægyptiaca et de X Trib. Israelis Amst. 1683.
– Miscellanea sacra 1692 Vltraj.
– Borrichii de ortu & progressu Chemiæ. Hafniæ 1668.
Appianus Alexandrinus a P. Candido in Latinum traduitis Veneti 1457
– Philogorti quæ extant Gr. Lat. cum Notis Meursij Lugd. Bat 1620.
– Pomponius Mela de situ Orbis & &c Antw. 1582
De priscis Anglorum legibus Anglo-saxonicē conscriptis & in Latin. translatis, a G Lamberdo Lond. 1558
– Orphei Argonautica Gr. Lat 1523.
– Apollonij Rhodij Argonautica Gr. 1574
Demetrij Moschi de Helena & Alexandro poema Gr. Lat.
In Octavo
– Dictis cretensis & Daretis Phrygij Hist. de bello Trojano Argent
– Quinti Calabri derelictorum ab Homero lib 14. Item Tryphiodo Ægyptij Grammatici Trojæ expugnatio &c Gr. Lat. Franc.. 1604.
Apollonij Rhodij Argonautica Gr. Lat. Lugd. Bat. 1641
Orphis Argonautica G Gr. Lat. Vltraject 1689
Historia Poetica scriptores antiqui gr. lat. Paris 1675
– Autoris anonymi Poemata græca Argonautica Thebaica Troica & Ilias parva Lips. 1588.
– C. Valerij Flacci argonautica. Lips. 1630.
– Greaves of yethe Roman foot & Denarius & Pyramidographia. Angl 1640
Apollodorus de Dijs gr. lat. 1661
L
Duodecimo
– Leon. Conradis de Magisterio antiquorum Philosophorum. Gen. 1684.
– Dictijs Cretensis & Dares Phrygius ex offic R. Steph.
– Arrianus.
36 49 Quantum ad rerum argumentam docent, Nusquam invenio fideliora quam apud ipsam Italiam ne qua Saturnus post multas expeditiones, postque Attica hospitia, consedit exceptus ab Iano, (vel Ianem ut Salij volent ) Mone quem incoluerat Saturnius dictus. Civitas quam depalaverat Saturnia cognominabatur usque nunc est. Tota denique Italia post Oenotriam Saturnia cognominabatur. Ab ipso primum tabulæ, & imagine signatus nummus, & inde ærario præsidet.
SrSirI most humbly begg yryour Honours pardon for taking this liberty, i am a unfortunat Gentleman, that has been a considerable time out of business, and in the mean time been very sick for a great while, which has reduced me to a very low ebb. Humbly implores yryour Honours assistance knowing you to bee very affable and Charitably inclin'd in releaving distressed strangers, i am gratifyed for french, English, Highgerman and Danisch, and would much rather accept of being employ'd than suffer the misery in which i see me every day, i hope yryour Honour will take compassion on me, and as in Duty bound i shall for ever pray. yryour Honours most humble and obedient Servant P. Gardner
150
Porrò Typhon Egyptijs mare est, Isis mem et eo nomine aquam maris significat qua corpora solis et ☾æ sub initio dissolvuntur. Dein Isis i. e. spiritus albus per imbibitiones membra viri recolligit in sulphur albo in albo excepto membro virili i. e. vel impuro, vel puro quod nondum, vel puro quod nondum adjcitur.
Iupiter noster Phonī a juvando dictus nor est ♃ vulgi sed subjectum philosophicum ex quo omnis tinctura petenda est materia phica, illa emp quæ in Aquilæ forma Ganimedem in cælum evexit, quæ in aurum mutata Danaæ in gremium decidit, quæ sub forma Cygni albi Lædam compressit &c Nisi enim ad volatum sit idonea aut ab Capsum suo pondere apta materia, non est Iovis nomine digna, cum ne minimum juvare possit artificem sed plurimum morari. Maier de Mont. Plan. p. 104, 109. Talis est Saturni filius ex lapide gem lapidis filius quem Saturnij pro Iove devoravit, quique Saturni formam mox mutavit, et eum que fecit altissimo similem & putrefacit, & quem ♄ per potionem ipsi a Meti uxore datum ursus Evonuit, qu quique jam fit nobilissimus Abrettanus, Iupiter imperium adeptus expulso patre. Marrow of Alk. part. 1. p . Snyders Metall. Metamorph. p. Maier de Voluc. arb. p. 136.
1692
Aug 16. Iul 15.12– 10
22.16
109.8
Nov 192.11–
1413–
Decem 4.5–
5.6–
11.10
2119–
1693
Ian. 35–
56–
Feb. 36
46
Mar. 5.5
Aug 6.12
29.7
1693
Sept 4.12
1016
26.6
Oct 2.11
11.18
24.5
26.7
Nov 2.12
23.5
Dec 1.11
1694
Ian 7.17
25.7
29.11
31.12
Feb 22.6
23.7
28.11
Mar 24.6
25.7
29.11
1694
Apr. 21.5–
23.7–
Iun 22.7–
26.12–
Iul 25.11–
Aug. 19.7
23.11
24.12
29.16–
Sept 15.5–
22.11–
Oct. 1.18–
15.7–
21.11–
22.12–
30.18–
31.19–
Janwary the 2 1694 receive then of widow Broad the Som of fiue Shilins and two pence-2 for that She liues in for the iail aspital receiued by us Henry Baker Tho britan
51
Augustus mor. Aug. 19. I.P. 4727 4727 –761 7 48 int Iul 20 4726seq + 1md
Tiber moritur Mar. 1 or 16. I.P 4750.783 Iul 14 4748seq + 8m
Claudius Caius mor. Ian 6 I.P 47534 or Dec 22 IP. 47523787 Iul 13 4752+- 6
Claudius mor Oct 13 4767 –801 Iul 10 461765 +1+ 3
Nero mor Iun 10 – – IP 4781 Vitell. mor Iul 1 4782815 Iul 6 4779 +1-1 or +11
Vespasian mor Iun 25 47932 –825 Iul 4 4789 +1- 1/10 or + 11m. 21d.
Domitian mor Sept 15 47809
Titus mor Aug 25 +- 4794–828 Iul 3 4792 +1+ 1 2/3
Domitian mor Sept 15 4809 –843 Iun 30 4807+ 2 1/2
Nerva Ian 27 4811 –844 Iun 30 4808+ 7
Trajan Aug. 10 4830 –863 Iun 24 4827+ 13 1/2
Adrian Iul 10 4851884 Iun 19 4848+ 12 2/3
Antonin Mar 7 4874 –907 Iun 14 4871+ 9
186 - 187 - 37 = 150 = 8 Nebuch.
Much Honoured SirAccording to your desire I searched the publick Library here for Papius. There is nothing of him to be found here, save 6 or 7 lines De quatuor Marijs in Latin. This and all the other fragments, that remain of him, are put together in Grabij Spirilogium Patrum Vol. II. lately printed here, from page 30 to page 35. I am with all respect Much Honoured SirOxon. 16 May.1703.Your most humble and most obliged servantDGregory.
52
And from all these & the genealogies, it follows that Ægeus Æthra Alcmena Tyndareus & Leda, were were one: Minos, & Sesostris, were one; Gorgephone, Perieres, L Nicippe, Lycidice, Atreus, Thyestes, Piltheus, two; Perseus, Andromeda; Sesotris Danaus Epeus Polycaon, Pelops, Hippodamia, Niobe & her husband Amphio & Zeton Laius whom they expelled, three; Danae, Cynortes Euarete Megapenthe Antiopa & Endymion & four Labdacus four; Acrisius, Eurydice Prætus Amyclas Polydorus five five; Lacedæmon & Sparta six six; Eurotas, Taygeta seven Myles Polycaon, Phoroneus, Cecrops,
And from these genealogies it follows that Alcmenena, Tyndarus & Leda were one Gorgephone was two, Perseus & Andromeda three, Danae four Acrisius Prætus & Eurydice the wife of Acrisius & Amyclas her brother five, Lacedemon & Sparta six, Eurotas & Taygeta seven, Myles & Polycaon eight & Lelex nine little generations older the the Argonautic expedition. [Also Theseus was one Ægeus was two Pandion & Cecrops II three, Erechtheus three four Pandion 1 fourive Cranaus five six & Cecrops seven & Actæus eight.
Again Tydeus Deia Oeneus & Althea the parents of Meleager were one, their parents Parthaon & Thesteus two Leophontes Agenor & Epicaste three Pleuron & Calydon four Ætolus & his brother Epeus & wife Pronoe five, Endymion six Aëthlius & Calyce seven, Protogenia eight & her brothers Dorus Æolus & Zuthus eigth & Deucalion nine
Again Æthra the mother of Theseus was one, her father Pittheus & his sister Lysidice the mother of Alcmena two & their father Pelops three little generations older then the Argonautic expedition
Hon:Honoured
– before the destruction of Troy, or about the middle of Davids reign as above. [And Pelops came into Greece Polydorus was contemporary to Epopeus Epaphus or Apis king of Sicyon] & Epopeus was slain & Amphion & Zelus born about the tenth year of Solomon end of Davids reign or fifteenth & Laius fled to Pelops about the 238th or 39th of Solomon & recovered his kingdom about the end of Solomons reign. And Pelops came into Peloponnesus about the 10th of Solomon end of Davids reign. For Pelops was the father of Pittheus the father of Æthra the mother of Theseus & of Lysidice the mother of Alcmera the mother of Hercules
– before yethe destruction of Troy, or about the middle of Davids reign as above And Epopeus or Apis was slain & Amphion & Zetus were born & Pelops came into Peloponnesus about twenty years after the end of Davids reign & Pelops came into Peloponnesues about the beginning of Solomons
pag 18en ult And by these circumstances we find that about three generations before the Argonautic expedition or about that time Cadmus & Europa came into Greece about the time that Solomon the father of Reh the end of Davids reign or a little before when the nations fled from David, as above & Solomon was Ceres came into Greece & Epphopeus Epopheus or Apis was slain & Amphion & Zetus born about near the beginning of Solomons reign about the end of Davids reign: Pelops & his sister Niobe were contemporary to Amphion & came into Peloponnesus between the beginning & about the middle of Solomons reign, or a little before, & Laius recovered his kingdom from Amphion about the end of the reign of Solomons reign. And Sesostris being Sesac he might be ten or twenty younger then Solomon & so be the brother of Solomons Queen
p. 19. l. 22. after [Argonauts] add. Erestheus therefore began his reign about yethe 30th year of Solomon David & Ceres came into Greece about 5 or 10 years after.
suppose about the 16 or 18th year of David time when the Edomites Syrians &c ha David had newly conquered the Philisitms & Edomites & Moab & Ammon & Amalek & the Syrians of Zobah & Rehab & Maachah & Sehto & & Damascus & the made the nations round about fly from him, or about the time that David took Rabah & Bathsheba was with child by of Solomon, that is, about the 16th or 18th year of David
45
He tells us also that the people Lelex inhabitregion a region in Peloponnesus Pe not yet inhabited, built village there & his sons Messenia He tells us also that Messenia was peopled by villages till the death of Lelex &
then Polycaon the younger son of Lelex (who married Messene the daughter of Tripas the son of Phorbas) invaded it & built cities in it & amongst others the city Ardania wchwhich he made the seat of his kingdom, & called the country Messenia after the name of his wife Messene the daughter of Tripos the son of Phorbas Princes of Argos.
Echenus f. Aeropi, f. Cephei. f. Alei
Pelasgus, Lycaon, Callisto, Arcas,
Sesostris therefore being the same king with Sesak, he was of about the same age with Solomons Queen the so & her little sister or son might be be their brother.
Amyales & Eurydice were the children of Lacedæmon & Sparta & Lacedæmon was the son of Taygeta & Sparta was the daughter of Eurotas the son of Myles the son of Lelex.
Whe
To SrSir Isaac Newton at his House in St. Martins Street Near Leicester feilds In london
Hon:rdHonoured SrSir oct. yethe 30 1712 I have reciv'd yethe nine pound you pay'd to Mrs Savage & return you my most Humble thanks for it, I am very glad to hear of yo:ryour good health & wish it may long Continue,
I have not been well this 3 weeks of a sore throt & a pain in my wrightright sid I have been Blooded for it & taking physick which has hinder'd mee sending my thanks sooner, I am in great hopes my Brother gorge will gett to bee Steward of yethe House to yethe duke of Devonshire, Mr Graunor who is yethe dukes head Steward has writ to my Cosin Pilkington a bout my Brother, pray SrSir give my Services to my Cosin Barton & bee Please to except of dutty from yo:ryour Most obedient Nece & Humble Servant M. Pilkington
Tyndareus the son of Oebalus the son of Cynortas the successor of Amyclas Argalus, the eldest son of Amyclas the son of Lacedæmon & Sparta & with his son younger son Ætolus succeeded Endymion as in the Terra Curetum & was succeeded
Perieres & Oebabus the husbands of Gorgophone were the sons of Cynortes the son of Amyclas
Pelops married Hippodamia the daughter of Euarche the daughter of Acrisius. Sthenelus & Mæstor the brothers of Gorgophone married Nicippe & Lycidace the daughters of Pelops.
And Sesacs reigning in the days of Solomon (
4453
Honour,d Sr.Sir May yethe 26th 1717
Here is com̄ited to this Goile one h; Sager and a comon strumpet about the City and to wit an old offender that goes for his wife taken with divers Instruments (and False coyn,d) monney in their Custody I beleive I can obtaine a large discouery From them if I had money to bear them Company and to humor which I will diligently pursue if you please to Lay yethe Summe on me soe to do; I am Sr.Sir yoryour poore destress,d Serut,Servant to command from yethe Kings ward in the Marshalsea Henꝫ; Smithsonꝫ pray Sr.Sir fauoring with yoryour Ansqr Answer
for Sr.Sir Isack Newton att his House in St Martins Street LONDON
53
that is 480 years before the end of the Peloponnesian war or above. And yet Socrates & Thucydides made it but 300 years before. And yet by the testimony of Socrates he flourished & but in yethe 18th Olympiad. / First SocratedSocrates & TucididesThucydides (in yethe reading folledfollowed by Stepehanus) placed him in the 18th or 19 First Hellanicus made him contemporary to The Poet PTerpander who got the victory in the 26th Olympiad & Socrates & Thucydides placed him in yethe 18th or 2th Olympiad. Then begin to flourish in
Whereas by the testimony of earlier authors he was contemporary to Terpander the Poet & began to flourish in yethe 18th Olympiad, & was contemporary to Terpander the Poet who got the was victory in the 26th Olympiad.
54
This practice of observing the starrs began in Egypt in the reign of Ammon as above & was propagated from thence in the reign of Sesac into Afric Europe & Asia by conquest. For the Sphere of the Greeks was formed by Chiron & that of the Libyans by Atlas a little before the Argonautic expedition after those conquests or a little, that is about the same time that Belus set on foot the Astronomy after the conquest of Egypt by S soon after the conquest of Chaldea by Sesac. And the Chaldeans were conquered by him Chaldeans a little before & made also made a sphere of their own. [And & grew more famous for Astronomy then any other nation.] Susa Chaldea might continue under the dominion of Egypt as long as Susa did, that is till after the times of the Trojan war. Ægypt reigned long over Susa & might reigne as long over Chaldea. And where she lost her dominion abroad & brake into several kingdoms at home & was afterwards conquered by Sabacon, many some of the Egyptians might fly from him to their brethren in Chaldea, & carry thither Astrology & the Egyptian year, & set set up the Æra of Nabonassar in that year of the Egyptians & & begin to observe the starrs none as diligently as in Egypt for the sake of AstrolgyAstrology Its probable therefore that – – – – this temple to him in the days of Nabonassar or a little before.]
Atlas, Prometheus, Aristæus, Chiron, Endymion were Astronomers
Sr.Sir Isaac 5:o Sept. 1719.
MR Justice Tracy will be in Towne at his Chambers on Wen’dayWednesday next And towards the latter end next Week designes for Dorsett:Shire Therefore on Wen’dayWednesday Morn.Morning or before I will take yethe freedome to DLeave for or Deliver to you Mr. Tates Letter out of Leicestershire you gave me the other day that if you please you may discourse with yethe Judge on wen’sdayWednesday upon the contents therein I presume to Subscribe my Selfe Hon.dHonoured Sr.Sir Yor.Your most Obed.tObedient humble ServtServant Calverley Pinckney
For Sr.Sir Isaac Newton att his House In S.t Martins Street on South Side of Lester Feilds / These
55
Macrobius aa Macrob. Saturnal l. 1. c. 7. tells us that When Saturn was dead Ianus erected an altar to him with sacred rites as to a God, & instituted the a feast called called instituted the Saturnalia, & that human sacrifices were offered to him till Hercules driving the cattel of Gerion through Italy abolished that custome. By the humane sacrifices you may know that Ianus was of the race of Lycaon.
Testibus igitur Barrovio et Collinio, methodus flu [quadrandri figures in Prop v Libri de Quadraturis adeoq exposit, ] fluxignum et momentorum, quatenus in Propesitionibus quinque primis Libri de Quadraturis exponitur, Newtono innotuit aliquot annis antea annum 1669 quam Mercator Logarithmotechnian adidit, id est anno 1666 aut antea.
Hæ omnes Regulæ Propositionem quintam et sextam constituunt. septimam et octavam Libri de Quadraturis constituunt.
To the Hondoured. SrSir Isaac Newton & dr Clarke
42
To Srir Isaac Newton & dr Clarke.
Sirs
I intended to have you two & dr Halley to Eat a Com̄onsCommons with me Here on next Sunday. But dr Halley being the remotest I first Writ to him to know if he could Comply with that day & I had his Answer last Night (as by the Inclosed) that he will. I now therefore make it my Request that you two will Please to be here by 2. of Clock next Sunday, I name that Hour that dr Clarke may be free from his Office. I hope It will be sutable to both your Conveniences. You three will be all my Company.Sirs I am Serjeants Lane dec: 14. 1721.Your ever HnerdHonoured friend & Humble servant Littleton Powys
You need not Write only tell this Bearer. But Please to send back dr Halleys Letter being I have it under his Hand & Seal that he will meet you here.
4156
SrSir The bearer, Mr Langbridge, having been under great disappointm.tsents is an humble Suitor to You Sr.Sir for Y.rour fauour in a particular, w.chhich he desires to mention to Y.rourself: wherIfein it may happen to be in Y.rour power to comply wthith his request, it will be a Seasonable relief to him at this Juncture. I most heartily wish you S.rir health & all prosperity, & am w.thith the greatest Respect Srir Your most Dutifull H.Humble Serv.tant The 21. Jañynuary 1722. J Baynes.
57
Erythanreans & Phœniceans are names of the same signification the words denoting c a red colour: & the people in all the sea coast from Egypt to Sidon werase called Phenicia. Which makes it probable that the Phenicians came from the red sea [ Phenicia was peopled principally by the Edomites Erytheans who fled from David, & he was called Phenicia from that sea] that the Erithræans who fled from David setled fr in great numbers to [in all Phœnicia & gave it that name by calling themselves Phenicians in the language of Syria instead of Erytheans in the language of Sy Edom.] in all the sea coasts of Syria from Egypt to Sidon & gave the name of Phenicia to all thesate sea coasts by calling themselves Phœnicians in the language of Syria instead of Erythreasns in the language of Edom. For all that sea coast was called Phenicia.
The old kings of Arcadia [untill the return of the Heraclides] were Pelasgus, Lycaon, Nyctimus, Arcas, Arzan, Clitor, Æpytus, Aleus, Lycurgus, Echemus, Agapenor, Hippothous, Epytus, Cypselus, Olæus &c Vnder Cypselus the Heraclides returned into Peloponnesus. Agapenor was one of those who courted Helena. He went reigned afterwards & went to the Trojan war. Echemus slew Hyllus. Aleus was an Argonaut. Arcas learnt agriculture from Triptolemus & from him Arcadea had its name. In the beginning of the reign of Nyctimus was the flood of Deucalion And Pelasgus reduced the rude & barbarus people into order & taught them the worship of the Gods. The eleven Kings between the flood of Deucalion & the Return of the Heraclides according to Chronologers took up 4about 400 years wchwhich is after the rate of 36 years a piece one wthwith anotheanother: but if we reccon them only at 18 or 20 years a piece they will take up but about 200 or 220 years: wchwhich being counted back from the return of the Heraclides places the flood of Deucalion upon the 14th year of David or thereabouts. And Lycaon having many children might begin his reign 30 or 35 years before that flood. And his father, Pelasgus Pelasgus being Pelasgus was one generation older., But I do not take Pelasgus to have been & might beget the grandson of Phoroneus but his contemporary.
pag. 25. l. 45. The ancient first kings of Arcadia who reigned were Pelasgus, Lycaon, Nyctimus, Arcas, Arzan, Clitor, Æpytus, Aleus, Lycurgus, Echemus, Agapenor, Hippothous, Epytus Cypselus, Olæus &c. Vnder Cypselus the Heraclides returned into Peloponnesus. Agapenor was one of those who courted Helena. Afterwards he succeed Echemus He courted before he reigned & afterwards he went to the war at Troy. Echemus slew Hyllus the son of Hercules. Lycurgus Cepheus & Augeo were the children of Aleus the son of Amphidamas the son of Arcas the son of Callisto the daughter of Lycaon the son of Pelasgus. Augeo lay with Hercules & Ancæus the son of Lycurgus was an Argonaut, & his unkle Cepheus was his governour in that Expedition, & Lycurgus staid at home to look after his aged father Aleus. Hence Aleus might be born about 70 years before that Expedition, & his grandfather Arcas might be born about the beginning of Davids reign, [& learn agriculture from Triptolemus. [In the beginning of the reign of Nyctimus the father of Arcas was the flood of Deucalion. Lycaon the father of] He received bread corn from Triptolemus & taught his people to make bread of it. And so did Eumelus the first king of a region afterwards called Achaia. And therefore Arcas & Eumelus were contemporary to Triptolemus & to his father Celeus, & Callisto to Rharus & her father Lycaon to Cranaus. But Lycaon died before Cranaus so as to leave room for Deucalions flood between deaths. Between this flood & the return of the Heraclides, or betw The 10 eleven kings between Lycaon & Cypselus or of Arcadio between this flood & the return of the Heraclides, or between (that is, between the reigns of Lycaon & Cypselus,) after the rate of about twenty years to a reign one with another took up about 220 years. And these years counted back from the return of the Heraclides place the flood of Deucalion abo upon the 14th year of David or thereabouts. And according to this recconing Oenotrus the youngest son of Lycaon might grow up & lead a Colony into Italy before the reign of Solomon.
Pag. 35. lin. 20. Lycaon & his son Pelasgus & his son Lycaon reigned dyed just before the flood of Deucalion as above, & Lycaon according to Pausanias was as old as Cecrops. He had many children & so might reign long, & Pelasgus bei was one generation older being his father. If their two reigns together be recconed at about 50 or 60 years, Pelasgus will be contemporary to the Prophet Samuel. He reduced the rude & wild people of Arcadia into order & The Arcadians accounted him their first king, [& from him the country was called Pelasgia [till the reign of Arcas who called it Arcadia.] He civilized the rude people & taught them to build cottages for defending themselves from cold & rain, & to make garments of hogskins, & to instead of hearbs & roots
roots wchwhich were often noxious, to feed upon the Acorns of the beach And from him the country was called Palassia/. And his son Lycaon built the city Lycosura recconed the oldest city of the Arcadians. And by these circumstances he & his father were as old as the first memory of things done in Greece.
To Sr.Sir Isaac NentonNewton These
4058
Most Hon'red Sir Haveing come thus fare in order to pay your Hon'er a visit I thought it proper to present my case before your Honour by a few Lines (with great Submision Humbly asking pardon for my boldness) Honour'd Sir I have by the assistance of al-mighty God been diligent in my trade and discharged b my duty both to God and my family upward of 20 years and getting but little more then to support my Self and family and I find that to keeps a little stock together with my trade will be to doble advantage but can doe but little mySelf I take boldness to address myself to your Honour to assist me by Lending me 15 or 20 pounds for the space of 2 or 3 years in which time I hope to return it for I have a fair prospect of advantage being Seated very convenient for that porpass and now if your Honour please to oblige your unworthy Relation in so great a favir you will ingage me in my retorns at the thrown of God's grace to implore for a Blessing in the world to come that your Honour may receive a heavenly reward which is all I can return Who is your honour's most unworthy Sarvent Richard Pindar Iune 9 1725
Richard Pindar is a weaver & lives at Gosberton in Lincolnshire near Boston.
Heraclidæ
Candaules
Gyges reignd 38 years. Ardyes his son 49 years. Sadyalles his son 12 years. Halyattes 57 annis. Cræsus 14. an. – Ten years going first to Anasis in Egypt & then to Cræsus at Sardes, & Cræsus before Solon came to him had coquere subdued all Asia minor on this side the river Halys
Cyrus took Babylon (according to Ptolomy's Canon) nine years before his death, Annon Nabonass. 209; Ann. 2. Olymp. 60. And he took Sardes a little before aa Scaliger ex Sosicrate. namely aAn. 1. & 1 Olymp 59. And Cræsus then king of Sardes bb Herod l. 1. p. 49. reigned 14 years & therefore begun his reign An. 3 Olymp. 55. After Solon had made laws for the Athenians, he obliged the Athenians to observe those laws ten during his travells & then travelled ten years cc Herod l. 1. p. 21 going first to Amasis in Egypt & then to Cræsus at Sardes. And Cræsus dHerod. l. 1. p. 20, 21 before Solon visited him had con subdued all Asia minor as far as to the river Halys: & therefore he received that visit towards the latter end of his reign & we cannot err much if we place ithat visit about the 12th year of the reign of Cræsus thereoff An. 2 Olymp. 58, & the legislature of Solon about ten years earlier An. 4 Olymp. 55. And that of Draco ‡
‡ & the war of the Amphictyons against Cyrrha about 20 years earlier.
might be about 20 years earlier Solon returned home to Athense Comia archonte, & the same yeare Pisistratus began to affecte the tyranny over Athens. The ee Plutarch. Sol. p. 97. next year Hegistratus was annual Archon, & Solon died before the end of the year, suppose Ann. 4 Olymp. 598 or Ann. Olymp. 59. And by this recconing the objection of Plutarch taken from the c
Astyages the son of Cyaxeres was the great unkle of Cyrus by the mothers side, that is, the brother father of Mandane – Herod l. 1. pag. 42, 43 (lin. 25), 61. Mandane the daugther of Astyages & wife & Cambyses a Persian & mother of Cyrus. pHerod. p. 61, 64, 69
The inhabitants of Meroe worship only two Gods Iupiter & Liber & have erected an Oracle to Iupiter. Herod. l. 2. p. 126.
The Egyptians say that Osiris is Bacchus. Herod. l. 2. l. 132.
The Ammonij lived above between Egypt & Ethiopia & spake a middle language, & had their name from Iupiter. Ammon. Herod. l. 2. p. 133.
Menes &[Sesostris] built the temple of Vulcan. Herod. l. 2. p. 159. l. 13, p. 160. l. penul
For Apollodorus Rhodius tells us that the Argonaut thas the son of the son of Abas & the commentator upon Apollonius tells us that this from this Abas The inhabitants of Eubœa were anciently called Abantes. And this The rr Herod. l. 3. p. 427 ancestors of Acrisius & Prætus Perseus were called accounted Egyptians by the Greeks. They came first into Eubœa under Abas & went thence into Peloponesus.
– thereof Abantes. For Apollonius Rhodius dd Apollo Apollon. Argonaut. l. 1 tells us that the Argonaut Canthus was the son of Canethus the son of the posterity of Abas, & the commentator upon Apollonius tells us further that from this Abas the the inhabitants of Eubœa were anciently called Abantes. He was This Abas flourished therefore about two two or three generations before the Argonautic expedition & so was might be of about the same age with Abas the father of Acrisius. The Ancestors of Perseus Acrisius ee Herod. l. 3. p. 427. were accounted cc Bochart Canaasn part 2. cap. 13. Egyptians by the Greeks. And They might come from Egypt first into Eubœa under Abas & from thence into Argos Peloponesus. Among the kings of Argos are recconed Sthenelus the son of Perseus & Gelanor the son of Sthenelus. Gelanor was quickly succeeded ejected by Danaus, & D after Danaus reigned his son Lyncesus & grandsson Abas who is commonly but very erroneously reputed the father of Acrisius & Prætus. Among the kings of Argos I do not reccon Phorbas & his son Triopas because they fled from that kingdom to the island Rhodos. Nor do I reccon Crotopus among them because he went from Argos & built a new city for himself in Megaris as Conon ff Conon narrat 19. relates
for Sir Isaac Newton
3959
that the annual Archons began at Athens Anno 2 Olymp. 43 & the second Messenian war then or within [two or three years after] a year or two before
Monsieur je crois ne pouuoir pas mieux faivre que de mádresser a uous, qui estes un des plus scauants hommes de lEurope, pour uous prier tres humblement de m'honorer d'une reponce aux fins de me faire sçauoir de quelle maniere je my doibs prendre, pour decouurir sans risquer de perdre le fruit de mes longues aplications au suiet de la longitude par mer, que je crois si je ne me trompe auoir decouuerte, mais si je suis cesera ma premiere temerité ainsi que uous en pourez juger par le memoire qui contient mes productions precedentes qui jai mis entre les mains de Monsieur de Voulouze en le priant de uous le faire rendre auec un pareille lettre a celle cy outre la longitude par Mer uous trouuerez dans ce – monsier le cheuelier Neüton memoire des chòses touchant la nauigation qui doiuent aussi interesser la nation Angloise, beucoup plus attentiue que la nostre aux bonnes productions ainsi quil paroist par les recompense, que les actes du parlement promettent, cest pourquoi jespereque uous aurez la bonté de ne me pas refuser uos bons aduis. jai lhonneur d'estre auec toute la ueneration düe a uostre Eleuation, et a la sublimité de uostre genie Monsier Votre tres humble & tres obeyssant seruiteur du Quet a Paris ce 8 auril 1726 ingenier, ruë de larbre secuis auis le petit paradis A Paris
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SrSirWhen I was Last to Wait upon you at your house, You was pleas'd to favour me with the Priviledge of acquanting you of Some New Mathematicall Instruments of my Invention, and Particularly of my Instrumentall System of the Sun, moon, Earth and stars, which is An Everlasting Table of the Moons True Place and its appulses to the Fixed stars and Planets.
And you was Likewise so Kind and Generous, as in your great – Condesiention and Goodness, to advise me to Print my Book, Concerning the uses of my Instruments.
Accordingly, I Immediately Put it in the Press, But a Long & Severe Sickness has so Retarded my Progress, that it is but of Late, that I could Effectually Pursue that work. But now it being almost Printed, and my first Publique Notice of it being Lately given, in the London Journall, I have thought my Self Oblig'd now to wait upon you again, to give some further account of my Intentions.
And therefore I humbly Pray, you will be Pleas'd, (If now at Leizure,) to favour me with an Opportunity of Speaking to you upon this Subject.
I am with all due Respects, SrSirIune 8th, 1726. Your most obedient Humble Servant. H: Iackson.
2235Iune 28
760Iuly 6
Aug. 3
Aug. 31
Sept 28
DrDoctor Woodward desires to see the second edition of my Optiques viztvidelicet that in OtavoOctavo.
Also the chronological tables printed in France
Also the third edition of the Principles
Also that I would look into DrDoctor book his last book
And send him notice when I come to London again.
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Bacchus In this expedition Bacchus. He was accompanied with his son Orus or Apollo & some singing weomen called Apollo & the Muses, & the two tops of the mountain Parnassus wchwhich were very high mountains hills were dedicated aa Pausan in Phocicis. Suidas in Παρνάσεοι. the one to this Bacchus the other to Apollo. And thence Lucan bb Lucan l. 5. calls it Parnassus Mons Bromio Rhæboque sacesr. One of his singing weomen was called Calliope was the mother of Orpheus an Argonaute, [& therefore this expedition of Bacchus was about one generation before the Argonautic that of the Argonauts.] In the fourteenth year of Rehoboam he returned back into Ægypt.
& there built & fortified that city against Osarsiphus calling it by his own name Amenoph; & turning the river Nile there into a new chanel under a new bridge wchwhich wchwhich he built there. And then he returned into Ethiopia & stayd there thirteen years – – – shepherds. DrDoctor Castle (in Moph) tells us that in Coptic this city is called Manphtha . Whence by contraction came its names Moph & Noph. While Amenophis stand in Ethiopia
This Bacchus married Ariadne the daughter of M. according to Homer Hesiod,
Iune 18. 1726
Standd wthwith 131. 5. 7. 22
165. 7. 10. 19
297. 0. 18. 17
11gr in 3460 years. 30' in 170. 8gr in 2720 years. 20' in 113. 7gr 40' in 2607 years.
1726
890
2616
The earths Aphelium moves forward in respect of the fixt starrs 1gr in 340 years, 8gr in 2720 years, 7gr 40 in 2607 years, i.e. since yethe Argona Trojan warr.
The earths Aphelium moves forward 17'40" in 100 years in respect of the fixt starrs & 53 in 300 years & 477' in 2700 years, that is 7gr 57' in 2700 years & 7gr. 39'. 20" in 2600 years & 7gr. 340'. 34" in 2607 years.
To The Honble:Honourable Sr:Sir Isaac Newton These
5161
Honourable Sir I owe my most dutifull and Gratefull Acknowledgement for the Candid Countenance and Reception which you afforded my humble Suit by the RevdReverend mr Cranor I addressed you since by the RevdReverend and truly worthy Doctor Clarke and I – flattered my self you would Condescend to Honour me (Tho I own I am – undeseruing) with some small notice. Tho I came to town on Purpose to pay my duty to you, to Render an – account of my Conduct and Circumstannces, I would not Intrude my self till I waited on Doctor Clarke yesterday (Iust after your Honour Called there) who aduised me to you apprise you of it and request an Audience to be Ingennuous in euery thing and submit it to your wisdom and goonessgoodness my affairs (I thanke god and your Honours Bounty) are not so perplext and Cumbersome as of late they haue62been. I haue made the Burden lighter and supported my family (my wife and Infant son) competably and Reputably not presuming to attend your Honour, till I had Reduced things to an Easie narrow Compass. I haue Commands from my Mother to your Honour; and beg your good – pleasure, and answer to my humble – request of a desired Interveiw, and I question not, but I shall accquitt my self to your Honours satisfaction, and – approbation, as becomes, Hon'bleHonourable Sir oct yethe 23 1725 your most obliged, and most obedient SerutSeruant and Kinsman Newton Chapman
Semiramis contemporary to Zoroaster (Euseb. Endymion the son of Aëthlius & Calyce. Aethlius the son of Protogenia the daugther of Deucalion & Pyrrha. Calyce the daughter of Æolus & sister of Sisyphus.
& Calyce was the wife of Aethlius & mother of Endymion & sister of Crithus Sisyphus & Athanas & daughter of Æolus.
To The Honourable SrSir Isaac Newton
5263
Hon.dHonoured Sr.Sir I make bold to present you with a new Almanack wishing you a happy new Yeare with my humble seruice to you I remaine your most humble seruant DecembDecember 31. 1723 Cha Rawson stationar to yethe Mint
et qui transeunt ad majores distantias minus incurvantur & ad distantias adhuc majores incurvantur alìquantulum ad partes contrarias & tres colorum fasciare efformant.
And Pliny ✝✝ Nat. Hist. c. 56. tells us that Anticlides hone affirmed that Menon invented Letters in Ægypt fifteen years before Phoronæus the oldest king of Greece, & endeavoured to prove it by monuments.
And soon after (suppose about the middle of Solomons reign did Phemonoe give th become the first Priestess of Apollo at Delphos & give answers Oracles in hexameter verse. – whereas according to Chronolgers they took up 379 years. – make it 279 years. – 298 years before the death of Cyrus. And the taking of Troy wchwhich was eighty years earlier will be 378 years before the death of Cyrus, or about 74 years after the death of Solomon [as was found above by arguments taken from Astronomy. [And thus by the consent of these two sorts of arguments the vulgar recconing wchwhich And the Argonautick Expedition wchwhich was about one generation earlier was about 44 years after the death of Solomon; as was found above by arguments taken from Astronomy. And thus by the consent of these two sorts of arguments, the one taken from Astronomy, the other taken from the course of nature the vulgar recconing of the followers of Timæus wchwhich places the Argonautic Expedition, the taking of Troy & the return of the Heraclides into Peloponnesus 275 earlier is proven impossible, & the times thereof assigned by us are confirmed. From the death of Cyrus to the beginning of the Olympiads count backwars 247 years & the return of the Heraclides will be 52 years, the taking of Troy 132 years & the Argonautic expedition 163 years before the beginning of the Olympiads; & 29 years more before the Æra of Nabonassar. And these periods being setled from the end of the first Messenian war to yethe six year of Xerxes wereas whereas according to Chronologers it was [5743 years before the death of Cyrus] the reigns 244 years – & 348 reigns before the invasion of Greece by Xerxes. Whereas Chronologers recon it 623 years before the invasion of Greece by Xerxes, that is 275 about 275 years earlier then the truth. And this is the fundamental error of the artificial Chronology of the Greeks.
The sixt year of Xerxes in wchwhich he invaded Greece was the first year of the 75t Olympiad. And therefore the return of the Heraclides into Peloponesus was 51 years, the taking of Troy 131 years & the Argonautic Expedition 162 years before the Olympiads & 29 years more before the Æra of Nabonassar. And these period will be futher established when it shall appeare that Sesostris was Sesac one generation earlier then the Argonautic expedition; & that he was Sesac & came out of Egypt in yethe fift year of Rehoboam to invade the eastern nations spent nine years in his expedition & invaded P Iudea Syria, Persia, India, Asia minor & spent nine years in the expedition & returned back into Egypt in 13th or 14th year of Rehoboam. For that the Argonautic Expedition may be one generation later, it must be placed about 40 or 49 years later then the death of Solomon
And the times of the Argonautic expedition, the taking of Troy &p the return of the Heraclides into Peloponesus being thus setled rectified we now proved with more safty to rectify some other the times of some other events such as were the founding of the kingdom of Macedon by Caranus, the reign of Phidon at Argus, the guardianship & legislation of Lycurgus. & the age of
I have now carried up the Chronology of the Greeks as high as to founding of the kingdom of Macedon by Caranas, the reign of Phidon the first Messenian wars, the yethe legislature of Lycurgus, the age of Iphitus, the death of Codrus, the return of the Heraclides into Peloponnesus, the taking of Troy, the Argonautic expedition the coming of Danaus into Greece & the invasion of the nations of Asia India & Greece by Sesostris. & I have settled it by concurrent arguments taken from Astronomy & from the length of the reigns of kings according to the course of nature & from the testimonies of Herodotus the oldest Historian of them & from the age time of the wars of Sesostris or Sesak & the King of them set down in scripture. the sacred history not admitting Ægypt then that of Sesac. & the reign of the shepherds in Egypt ✝✝the preceding division of Ægypt into many little kingdoms.] For the sacred history, & the reign of the shepherds in the lower parts of Egypt, & the preceding division of Egypt into (as well as of all other nations in those early ones) into many little kingdoms do not admitting of any earlier empire of Egypt & invasion of the eastern nations from Eg by Egypt thereby then that under Sesak & his father. It remains now that I try if the Chronology of the Greeks can be carried up any higher;
the victory of Theseus over the Minotaur, the loss of his Mistress ArdaneAriadne & the death of his father Ægeus
The Hon.bleHonourable SrSirIssaac Newton Master of his Ma.tiesMajesty's Mint wthwithin yethe Tower of London Present
64
To S.rSir Isaac Newton at his house at the upper end of SnSaint Martins Lane near Leicesterfields London.
to the Tyrian Hercules, that Hercules who commanded the Fleet of the Tyrians when they first sailed to the straits mouth & there built Carteia & Gades & whom they called Hercules in imitation after the example of of the Egyptian Hercules who had sailed thither before. & They called him also Melcartus king of Carta or Carteia as Bochart obseuesobserues because he founded that city
to the Tyrian Hercules, that Hercules who commanded the fleet of the Tyrians, they first saidled to the staits mouth as the Egyptians under their Hercules had done before. From thence he was called the Tyrian Hercules to distinguish from the Egyptian. He was called also Melcartus that is Melec Carta, king of Rex Vrbis. Bochart thinks that the city Carteia a city built by Hercules at Calpe, was at first called Melcarteia from this Hercules called Melcarteia & afterwards (by Aphesesis) Carteia, & its probable that by Melcartus they might call him Melcartus to denote him the king founder & first king of that city, especially since that city was also called Heraclea by the Greeks as Strabo mentions. A mont Calpe ad 40 inde stadiua Mons Calpe ad dexteram est e nostro mari foras navigantibus, & ad 40 inde stadia Vrbs Carteia vetusta ac memorabilis, olim statio navibus Hipanorum. Hanc ab Hercule quidem conditam aiunt, inter quos et Timosthenes, qui eam atntiquitus Heracleam fuisse appellatam refert. Strabo l. 3. p. 140. This Hercules they also called Desanes they sometimes confound wthwith the Egyptian, as where Pomponius writes: of his Temple in Gades Templum Ægyptij Herculis, conditoribus, religione, vetustate, nobile opibus illustre, Tyrij condidere. This Temple the adoned with the sculptures
And there they These Phenicians were the Tyrians who at that time built Carthage in Afric & Tartessus or Carteia in Spain & Gades in the Island of that name without the straits, & gave the name of Hercules to their commander who because he sailed as far as the Egyptian Hercules had done before & that of Heraclea to the City Carteia yethe he built. So Strabo: Mons Calpe – – – refert. Strabo l. 3. p 140. This Hercules they called also Melcartus, in memory of his founding reig building & reigning over the city Carteia. They built also a Temple to him in the Island Gades, & adorned it with the sculptures of of the labours of Hercules –
p. 23. lin. 49 dele. [These Phœniceans were – – – – – This Temple they adoned with the Sculptures of their] et scribe These PhePhenicians were – – – – with the sculptures of the labours of Hercules &c
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Aprill: 30: 1723 Hon̄redHonoured SrSir According to yo.ryour desire, these waits on you by Coll: Hurst with an AcctAccount of what money I lent to M.r Dilkenton: uiet: twenty pound, of wchwhich I haue Receiued fiue pound – A fauour wchwhich I could neuer haue asked nor should haue euer writ aboutit, had not yo.ryour Goodness proposed it, but should haue sat down with y.the same thoughts as I allwayes had wthwith patience – neither durst I haue presumed to haue mention,dmentioned again my Tobacco, had not you been pleased to haue made enquiry after, wchwhich indeed grows now uery low. I haue only to add my sincere wishes for yo.ryour Health & continuation of it, and Remain, Hon̄redHonoured SrSir, yoryour most obed.obedient Ser:entServant humble iust & Affectionate Kinsman – Aug: Tampyan
Collonel
317 Aridæus slain. Alexander Ægeus reigns.
310 Alexander slan. Hercules the son of Alexander. M by Barsina reigns
3065 The monarchy of the Greeks breaks into many smaller kingdoms, [of wchwhich the principal were that of Macedon, that of Egypt that under Cassander, that of Egypt under Ptolomy, that of Asia on this side Ephrates under Antigonus and his son Demetrius, that of Thrace under Lysimachus & that of Chaldea & Persia Syria under Seleuchus.] under Cassander. Antigonus, Ptolomy, Lysim. Seleuchus &c.] of wchwhich the principal were those of that of A Macedon under Cassander, that of Egypt under Ptolomy, that Syria of Chaldea & Persia under Seleucus, that of Asia under Antigonus & that of Thrace under Lysimachus.
Cassander reigns in Macedon, Ptolomy in Egypt, Antigonus in Asia minor & Syria Lysimachus in Thrace & Seleucus beyond Euphrates.
301 The battel at Ipsus. Antigonus slain & his kingdom divided among the victors. Ptolomy reigns in Egypt Libya Palestine & Cœlosyria Cœlo-Syria, Cassander in Macedon & Greece, Lysimachus in Thrace, & Bithynia, Caria & Lydia Phrygia, Lydia, Caria & the neighbouring regions. & Seleuchus in the rest of Syria & Asia & in the regions beyond Euphrates.
5566
I giue you a thousand thanks for yethe many – ciuillities ytthat I receiued from you I haue been ill & can neuer get well since I had yethe happines to bounteously hear from you & how yethe Lord designs to deall with me, He alone knows. The Lords will be done. I magnifie Gods Holy name to continue so good a freind in yethe land of yethe liueing amongst us I hope God will spare you with a longer continuance amongst us is yethe Hearty Prayer of her, who is your obedient seruant Ca: Rastall Basingthorpe October yethe 7th 1721
If you please to lend to me yethe Bearer will Faithfully conuey it
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The Pelasgi were ancienter then Cadmus & spake a language different from the Greek & were wanderers & seem to have had their name from the same origine with the λαγος the sea to signify that they were sea faring men. [And thence I seem to gather that they came from Egypt near Pelasgus or Æzeus in the days of Eli.] And Lycaon the son of Pelasgus sacrificed men & his youngest son Osmotrus carried learning into Italy letters into Italy.. And thence I seem to gather that they were the Phœnicean shepherds f who fled from Egypt by sea to Greece in yethe days of Eli. Herodotus (in Euterpe Polymnia) affirms that the old inhabitans of Peloponnesus (before the coming either of Danaus or of Ion the son of Xuthus) were called Ægialean Pelasgi & Apollodorus makes Ægialeus to be the grandchild of Oceanus & son of Inachus. And thence I seem to gather that Ægialeus & Phoroneus & their father Inachus & came by sea into wthwith their people into Peloponnesus & were a branch of the Pelasgi settled Attica as I learn from Herodotus who (in Urania) [gives the name of Pelasgi to the people called Cranai in the reign of Cranaus] Tells us that the people Pelasgi under Cranus were named Cranai, under Cecrops Cecropidæ, & under Erecheus Athenians, & afterwards Ioas from Ion the son of Xuthus.
The people who came from Egypt by sea before Cadmus were called Pelasgians, sea-faring men. For the Pelasgians were ancienter then Cadmus & spake a language different from the Greek, & Pelasgus the father of Lycaon was & Pelasgus was one of their Princes among them & his son Lycaon sacrificed men. & Pelasgus with his people were a branch of them & Lycaon the son of Pelasgus sacrificed men; & Inachus with his sons Phoroneus & Ægialus were another br & their people were another branch of them. For Herodotus (in Polymnia) affirms that the old inhabitants of Peloponnesus (before the coming of Cadmus either of Danaus or Ion the son of Xuthus) were Acalled Ægialean Pelasgi & Apollodorus makes Ægialeus to be the grandchild of Oceanus & son of Inachus. And another branch of the Pelasgi settled in Attica as I learn from Herodorus who (in Urania) tells us that the Pelasgi under Cranaus were named Cranai & under Cecrops Cecropidæ, & under Erechtheus Athenians.
The Pelasgi were spake a language different from the Greek, & Lycaon the son of Pelasgus sacrifed men & thence I gather that they Pelasgus with his people were a branch of the shepherds, who came from Egypt by sea, & perhaps they had theseir names from the same original with Pelasgus the sea. Another branch of For the name seems to have been given to all those who in the days of Eli & Samuel came by sea to Greece. For Inachus with his sons Phoroneus & Ægialus & their people were another branch of them Pelasgi. For Herodotus – – – Athenians. As the Greeks called those men Autocthones who were them first inhabitants, & those men Aborigenes who came from the mountains so they seem to have called those men Pelasgians who came from the sea, the words Pelasgus & Pelagus being derived from the same original
To The Honorable SrSir Isaack Newton At yethe Signe of yethe two lamps near Red Lyon Square In London – Humbly Present
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Atres therefore reigned 3 suceded Eurystheus about 24 years before the taking of Troy & Hercules died the year before Eurystheus, & the third last return [of the Heraclides into Peloponnesus was being was not above an hundred years later then the first return in wchwhich Eurystheus was slain & by consequence not above 76 years later then yethe taking of Troy] being in the third generation after the first or perhaps at the end of that third generation, was not scarce above 76 years later then the taking of Troy. Pausanias (in Messenicis) puts it in the beginning of the third Age.
Atreus succeeded The year after the death of Hercules Atreus Euristheus was slain by Hyllus in the first attempt of the Heraclides to return into Peloponnesus & after three years Atreus succeeded him, & after three years opposed them in their second attempt & after a reign of three or four years died; all before Paris stole Helena wchwhich according to Homer was 20 years before the taking of Troy.
– by Euristheus wchwhich was about 24 years before the taking of Troy. For Eurystheus was slain by Hyllus in their first attempt of the Heraclides to return, & Atreus succeed by Atreus, who then died, after a reign of three or four years died & this him & died just before Paris stole Helena wchwhich according to Homer was 20 years fbefore the taking of Troy. Whence the Ra the Heraclides returned about 76 years after the taking of Troy. But in reconing 208 years from that return to the first Olympiad – – –
p. 16. l. 1825. count 80. years, or rather 76, backwars. Ib. l 26, 28 about 76 – about 44.
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REceived this 31th Day of January 17121 of SrSir Isaac Newton – – – – being his Subscription towards The Relief of Poor Proselytes, for the Year 1722 I say ReceivedBy me J. Chamberlayne
l.s.d.
2.2.–
5769
Coatos M.L.
For SrSir Isaac Newton att his – House Goeing downe out of the South Side of Lester Feilds St Martins Street
For Sr.Sir Isaac Newton att his House Goeing downe out of the South Side of Lester Feilds St Martins Street
Carthage in Afric, Carthago vetus, Tarssus & Carteia in Spain & Gadis in yethe
TaygetaLacedæmonAmyclasCynortesPerieresTyndareusCastor
Eurydice
AcrisiusDanaePerseusGorgophone
ElectryoAlcmenaHercules
MestorEurystheus
PelopsLysidice
Hon.dHonoured Sr.Sir
MR John Furly's Merch.tMerchant 3: Doors below yethe Church in S.t Martin's lane Cannon Street 6:o Aug.t 1718.
The Ballance due to me on my Bill is £ 175: 6: 10 For wchwhich Sum Dr. Fauquier tells me he took Sr.Sir Rich.ds Receit (last week before he left yethe Towne) to you And on paym.tpayment thereof I am to give him my Receit for Sr.Sir Rich.d, wchwhich I hope will be tantam.ttantamount to Sr.Sir Rich.d's Bill on you & my Receit thereon for s.dsaid Ballance As you Seem'd to advise this Morneing
Above I give you my Addresse In case you Sho'd have any Comands to or for
Hon.dHonoured Sr.Sir Yor.Your most h. & Obed.t Servthumble and Obedient Servant Calverley Pinckney
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To SrSir Isaac Newton In London
St. Matin by Lesterfeild/
Prepaid
in the brazen age. The Mythologists say that Niobe the daughter of Phoroneus was the first woman wthwith whom Iupiter lay & Alcmena the mother of Hercules the last, & this intervall of time against comprehends the reign of Minos. Apollonius Rhodius tells us that when Saturn [deceived Rhea & of Philyra begot Chiron w while he] reigned over the Titans in Olympus & Iupiter was educated by the Idean Curetes in the Cretan cave, that is in the golden age of the Cretan Curetes & the same Saturn deceived Rhea & of Philyra begot Chiron. Now Chiron lived till the Argonautic expedition & two of his grandchildren were in that expedition; & therefore he might be then about 80 or 85 years old & so be born in the reign of Asterius & Phil Europa & not before. This is that Saturn whom Iupiter by the Assistance of the Curetes expelled his kingdom & who fled by sea to Italy & there coined money with a ship on the reverse in memory of his flight & was deified by the Latins by the name of Saturn.
And Zoroaster himself had an opportunity of imbibing the same principles from the Iews at Babylon, especially if he was there a servant to one of their prophets as some affirm.
And his grandson Iohanan b might have a chamber
in the Temple in the seventh year of Artaxerxes Longimanne (Ezra X.6) & be hHigh Priest before yethe death of Ezra who wrote the Sons of Levi in the book of Chronicles Nehem XV3 & slay his younger brobrother Iesus before the end of the reign of that king (Iospeh. Antiq. l. XI c. 7. 2 & Iaddua might be born & his birth recorded before in the reign of the same king (Nehem. XII.22, & become High Priest before the death of Nehemiah (Nehem XII.22. & Ezra might enter & the sons of Levi might be written in the book of the Chronicles by Ezra in the highPriesthood of Iohanan (Nehem XII.23. (3) And yet while the Iews confounded the reign of Darius Nothus with that of Darius Codomannus whom Alexander conquered, they might erroneously since the Iews who took the Darius Nothus to be that Darius who was conquered by Alexander fell into an opinion that Sanballat, Iaddua & Manasses the younger brother of Iohanan might lived till the days of Alexander the great we may thence conclude that Iadua was High Priest before the end of the reign of Darius Nothus & that the Temple
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SrSir London SepSeptember: 18: 1716 I haue Undertaken to assert yethe following Position which some Gentlemen Contradict Your Decision will Determine what each of us are to pay a Considerable Wager Depending
Position Admitting a shipp in Harbour & there be a Bullett let Drop by anyone from yethe Top of yethe Main Mast it will Certainly fall perpendicular to some Exact Poynt beneath as if yethe shipp were in its swiftest Motion I am Your Uery Humblest D:S – Pray Direct for Mr D. S to be left at Toms Cooffee House Cornhill
the
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Moses erat Deus Regis Pharaoh & Deus fratris Aaronsis, id est Dominus sed non summus. Principes sum Exod. IV.16 & VII.1 & Principes vocantur Dij Psal. LXXXIV.6 & Ioan. X.35. id est Domini. Nam Dij sunt multi et Domini multi 1. Cor. VIII. Sed nobis Deus est Ens spirituale, et nobis hijujusmodi Deus est unicus Pater ex quo omnia et unicus Dominus. / Pocokekus noster vocem Dei deducit a voce Arabica Di quod dominum significat, & hoc sensu Moses d Principes vocantur Dij Psalm. LXXXIV.6, & Ioan X.35 & Moses dicitur Deus fratris Aaronsn & Deus regis Pharaoh Exod. IV.16 & VII.1. & eodem sensu mortuorum olim a gGentibus vocabantur Dij, sed Vlysses ab Homero ventur ἶσα Θεῶ falso ob defectum dominium futum falso propter dominicum fatum falso propter defectum dominij.
SrSir I Newton
Mr Ball.
LdLord Foley
Mr Halley
Dr Mead
Mr Pitfield
Dr Pound
Dr Pellet
Dr Sloan
Mr Burnet
Dr Douglas
Dr Taylor
Mr Holt
Dr Arbothnot
Mr Hill
Mr Robarts
Dr Cockburn
Tho Isted
Mr Barret
Mr Desaguliers
SrSir M Dadley
Dr Friend
Dr Harwood
Mr Tempest
Mr Molyneux
Mr Holt.
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RecdReceived oct yethe 3d 1714 of SrSir Isaac Newton nine pounds for Mrs yethe use of Mrs Mary Pilkington – & Mary Sauage
RecdReceived yethe same day for M.r George Pilkington fiue pounds – & Mary Sauage
7260
if yethe 2d year of this Darius was yethe 70th of from the invasion invasion of yethe cities of Iudea by Neb. in the 9th y of Zed. & the 4th year of the son (Zech. I.12. Ier. 34.1, 7, 22 & XXXIX.1) & that the 4th year of this Darius was the 70th from the burning of the Temple in the 11th of Zed Zech VII.5 Ier. LII.12. & that in the second year of this Darius there were men living
SIR, YOU are desired to be at a Court to be holden in Christ's Hospital, on Tuesday the 4th day of March, 1706. at four of the Clock in the Afternoon, to receive a report of the Committee for enquiry into the state of the House, touching the admission of Children this ensuing Easter; to elect a Beadle in the room of William Pemberton, Deceased, and for dispatch of other business. George Yeo, Cl.
considering that on yethe 24th day of the 11th month in yethe 2d year of Darius ( An. Abr. 1482) Gods indignation against Ierusalem & the cities of Iudah had last 70 year (Zech. 1.12.) For so many years there were from the invasion of Israel tenth day of the tenth month of the ninth year of Zedekiah or 17 year of Nebuchadnezzar An. Abr. 1412, in wchwhich Nebuchadnezzar had invaded Iudea wthwith the cities of Iudea thereof & began yethe siege of Ierusalem Ier. XXXIV.1, 7, 22, & And again XXXIX.1. And & allso that on the 4th day of the 9th month in yethe fourth year of Da the same Darius An Abr 1483 the Iews had fasted seventy years in the fift month for the taking of yethe city & in the 9th month for the death of Gedaliah wchwhich had happened in yethe 11th year of Zedekiah An & 19th of Zedekiah, Ann. Abr. 1483. For both these things were exactly true of Darius Hystaspis & of can be applied to no other Darius. And the same thing is further confirmed by considering that at the in yethe second year of Darius at the building of the second Temple there were men living who had seen the first Temple (Haggai II.3) whence the 2d year of Darius Nothus was 167 years after the desolation of the Temple & city.
For this Eliasib who was a grandfather
T The Brachmans or Abrhalam areare supposed to derive their religion & name from the Abrahamans or sons of Abra posterity of Abraham whom the Lord by his wife Keturah & whom he sent into the east These worshipped one God without imagesby the example of their father & thence Persians it came to pass that the Per Hystaspes the Persians the being distracted by th taught the Persians to do the like Hystapes taught the Persians to do the like. Before the rise of this Empire of the Medes & Persians was erected there were many nations in Media Persia & S Syria & Asia minor & as many religions. Hystaspes & Zoroaster (or Zaradust) collecting what they he conceived to be best established by law & taught it to a few Priests & those to others till till their disciples were became numerous enough to supply the whole empire & were diffused into all the Empire & therefoby instead of the various ancient religions made their own sāctions become the religion of the whole Empire much after the manner that Numa contrived & instituted the religion of the Romans.
This Empire was composed of many nations each of which might hitherto have had hitherto its own religion: but now Hystaspes & by the assistance of Zoroaster – – – became numerous enough for the Priesthood of the whole Empire & instead of those various old religions set up their own institutions in the whole Empire much after the manner –
And this religion of the Persians was composed tempore composed partly of the institutions of the Chaldeans in wchwhich Zoroaster was well skilled & partly of the institutions wchwhich Hystaspes had learnt of the Brachmans who are supposed to derive even their name from the Abrahamans or sons of Abraham born of his second wife Keturah [& sent into yethe east] & instructed in the worship of one God without images, & sent into the east.
Dukes of Roxborough & Argile.
& the seventh High Priest was Onias the son of Iadua & the eighth was Simeon Iustus yethe son of Onias & the ninth Eliezar the younger brother of Simeon in who lived all the days of Ptolomæus Philadelphus.. Now if to the High-Priesthood of each we allot about 27 or 28 years, wchwhich is the at a mean recconing is the full length of a generation by the eldest sons of a family as we said noted above:
& if we may further suppose that Ishua t at the return of the captivity in the first year of Cyrus & the Empire of the Persians was about 30 or 40 years of age, Iojakim will be of that age in 15th year of Darius Hystaspes, IEliasib in the 7 th year of Xerxes, Iojada in yethe 14th year of Artaxerxes Longimanus, Iohanan in the 2d year of Darius Nothus, Iadua in the 11th year of Artaxerxes Mnemon, Onias in the 39th year of Artaxerxes Mnemon, Simeon in the first of Arses & Eliezer in the sixt year after the death of Alexander the great supposing him about 20 years younger then his brother Simeon. And thius [Eliasib might be High Priest from before yethe 7th year of Artaxerxes Longimanus till after yethe 32th of that king (for he lived to a great age, his grandchildren being grown up be] Iohanan the granchildren of Eliasib might be grown up born before yethe 7th year of Artaxerxes Longimanus (Ezra X.6) Iohanan & his great grandchild & might be High Priest & slay his brother Eliezer Iesus in the Temple in the reign of Artaxerxes Mnemon as Iosephus mentions & live 7 years after the fact (Ioseph, & Iaddua the might be born & recorded in or a little before yethe reign of Darius Nothus ( Nehem. 12.22) & Simeon Iustus might be P High Priest in yethe days of Alexander the great & Eliezer in the reign of Ptolomeus Philadelphus when he caused the Bible to be translated into greek. And thus also the High Priesthood of Eliasib might last till the 32 year of the first Artaxerxes & the days of Ezra & Nehemiah will fall in the reign of theis firstArtaxerxes For Ethey flourished in the High Priesthood of Eliasib (Ezra 10. 6. Nehem. 3. 1 & 13. 4, 28) wchwhich lasted to the 32th year of the king (Nehem XIII.6, 7) But if wchwhich lasted till yethe 32th after the 32th year of the king Nehem X XIII.6, 7) But if
the High-Priesthood of Ieshua will may reach to about the 1 15t year of Darius Hystaspis that of Iojakim to about the 4th 7th year of Xerxes that of Eliasib to about yethe 10th 1 year of Artaxexeserxes Longimanus that of Iojada to about yethe 37th year of Artaxerxes 41 s2d year of Darius Nothus L, that of Iohanan to about the 11 th year of Artaxerxes Mnemon, that of Iadua to about yethe 3 9th year of Artaxerxe Mnemon that of Onias to about the 1th 23th of Artaxerxes Ochus 1st of Arses & that of Simeon to about the 123th year after the death of Alexander. All wchwhich wthwith the (allowing a long life to Eliasib) agrees willwell wthwith history provided a long life be allowed to Eliasib. [so that his High-Priesthood may reach from before yethe 7th year of Artaxerxes Longimanus till after the 32th year of that king Nehem TAnd thus the days of Ezra & Nehemiah will fall in wthwith] For heis grandhchildren were grown up in yethe 7th year of Artaxerxes Long, (Ezra. X.6) & he lived till after the 32th year of that king (Nehem XIII.6, 7) And thus the days of the first Ezra & Nehemiah will may fall in wthwith the reign of the first Artaxerxes. For Ezra & Nehemiah flourished in the High-Priesthood of Eliasib Ezra 10.6. Nehem 3.1 & 13.4, 28.) But if Eliasib & Nehemiah be placed in
Now if we& Manasses the younger brother of Sanballat Iaddua might be old enough to marry the daughter of Sanballat in the reign of Darius Nothus.
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If fro Now if from the sixth year of Xerxes, you count backwards the 140 years to the M end of the first Messenian war, & 200 years more to the return of the Heraclides into Peloponnesus, & 80 years more to the Tr Trojan war & about 354 years more to the Argonautic expedition, the recconing will place that Expedition about 453x years after the death of Solomon as above.
And this recconing is confirmed by one argument more. For Æsculapius was an Argonaut, & Hippocrates was descended from him by both parents being the 18th from him by the fathers side & the 20th by the mothers. At a medium he was the 19th from him. If
And this recconing is confirmed by one argument more. For Æscula Poldalirius & Machaon the sons of Æsculapius were at the Trojan war, & therefore Æsculapius was contemporary to yethe Argonauts, & accordingly F find aa Hygin. Fab. 173 him & seraveral Argonauts together at the hunting of the Calydonian Bore. Now Hippocrates was descended from from Æsculapius & Hercules the Argonat Hippocrates from them to him inclusively are recconed 18 male generations by the fathers side & 19 by the mother's. And because these generations being taken notice of in history were most probably by the principal of the family & so for the most part by the eldest sons: we may reccon about 28 or 29 30 years to a generation & thus the 17 intervalls by the fathers side & 18 by the mothers will at a middle recconing amount to about 499 508 years wchwhich counted backwards from the middle beginning of the reign of Artaxerxes Longimanus Peloponesian war when Hippocrates began to flourished will reach up to the 47th year after the death of Solomon & there place the Argonautic expedition as above. But Chronologers reccon about 79808 years from the Argonautic expediton to the middle beginning of theat reign of Artaxerxes Longimanus war: wchwhich being after the reign rate of 45 years to a generation, is much too long for the course of nature.
Now Hippocrates was descended from Hercule
And this recconing is confirmed by one argument more. Æsculapius & Hercules were Argonauts & Hippocratus was the 18th from Æsculapius inclusively by the fathers side & the 19th from Hercules by the mothers side. And because these generations being taken notice of in history were most probably by the principal of the family & so for the most part by the eldest sons: we may reccon about 28 or 30 years to a generation – long for the usual course of nature.
To SrSir Isaac Newton
Mr Oadhams Breviale Paper of Reasons ag Br. is full of mistakes.
SrSir Isaac Newton was the first man who poposedproposed a Trial between the Petitioners & never opposed it, nor& never did affirm that Mr Brattle could not do the business of an Assaymr wthoutwithout an Assistant, nor knows of any hardships or impositions in the Trial between Mr B. & Mr O. nor of any Reference of his Mr Oahams Petition from the King to yethe TreāryTreasury &, but being nor is the place in the gift of yethe Lords of the treasury but in that of his MattyMajesty who hath given it to Mr Brattel., nor doth the Act of 2 H. 6 affect this matter. By the And in all Mr Oadhams paper of reasons there is not one reason for voiding the grant. Nor Doth The Act of 2.H.6 [exclude the Master & Worker from recommending an An] doth not make void the Kings grant nor would it exclude the Master & Worker fromrecommending an Assaymaster joyning with hisjoyning with his fellow Officers recommending an Assaymaster if the place were not already granted For The Kings Assaymaster by the constitution of the Mint is to makes all his Assays
before the Warden Master & Controller as checks over him who are towho are to check him & iudg if h him his Assays & see that see that he makes them with skill & fidelity as an indifferent.And the Master hath hither to reccommenedAnd if the Master alone had recommended Mr Brattel hath Brattel yet it would have been a fair recommendation uly an conjunction with his fellow Officers. Nor is the Mr alor by that Act encluded from reccomending an Assaymaster him alone. For it is the Masters Interest to keep up the credit of the Mint for increasing the coynage, & to have all the assays performed with skill & fidelity. becauseFor as the Mint is now constituted he can get nothing by corrupt assays but may be ruined thereby.And whereas Mr Oadham pretend that Mr Brattel in capacity & unfairness can be proved Upon the Triall between Mr Brattle & Mr Oadham seven of Mr Brattels Gold assays agreed with one another without any sensible difference & the eighth differed from the rest but the twelfttwelfth part of a grain whilst some of Mr Oadhams Assays differed a quarter of a grain from others & one of them erred two grains wchwhich is three times the Remedy, & Mr Brattle was observed to act with more dexterity than & dispatch then Mr OadhāOadham Nor was it then thought advisable to venture the credit of the Mint upon a manMr Oadhama person who in his apprentis-ship neglected his Masters business to mind projects & when upon having his Masterwhen his time was out left his trade to turn stock broker. Kings Assayer is bBy the In Indenture of the Mint ratified under the broad seal isthe Kings Assayer is to make his Assays before the Warden Master & Comptroller that whoThey are to see that he acts with skill & ld indifference integrity, & SrSir Isaac in recommending Mr Brattel hath acted in conjunction wthwith his fellow Officers, & its his interest to be indifferent For he can get nothing by corruption, but may be ruined by it.
The Mint Master can make no advantage by bad assays corrupt or unskilful Assayer.IfTo recommend a good one is as Assayer is as much his Duty as any mans to reccommend a good one & it is & much more his his interest then any mans to reccomend a good one because he may be ruined by a bad one. And therefore his recommendation is to be more regarded then that of any other subject whatever
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Note. This sheet reads down, - then turn over without opening & read down - then open & & read down both pag inside pages in ordinary way.
These shepherds invading first came into seated themselves in Egypt wthwithout warr & then subjecting the Princes of the region where they were, they invaded the cities of Egypt with great violence & reducing theirm cities into servitude at length made Salatis Saiteis their king. He took Memphis & fortified the eastern parts of Egypt & finding in the Province of Saïs a convenient city called Abaris he built & fortified it strongly with a wall & garison of 240000 people soldie men men. This city was & reigned 19 years Abaris or Pelusium. After him reigned Beon, Apacuas, Apophis, Ianias or Staan & Assis or Arclles & others succesively, & after them reigned many others after them against whom the king of Thebes & other kings warred a long time till they drove them out of Egypt. of Egypt warred long with with various success. They shepherds reigned a long time in Egypt (Manetho saith 511 years) & after the manner of the anciant nations of Ar Syria & Arabia sacrificed men, whence arose the story of Busiris. But at length [Amosis one king of Thebes taking Heliopolis from ymthem abolished that practise, sub by substituting images of wax instead of men. After Amosis reigned Chebron Amenophis, Mephron, Misphragmuthosis, Tethmosis & Amenophis] Misphragmuthosis king of Thebes drave them out of almost all Egypt & made them retire into the city Abaris or Pelusium where they walled themselv in tenn thousand acres of land & shut pthemselves up. And Tethmosis Thummosis or Ammosis the successor of Misphragmuthosis besigeeged them beseiged them there & covenanted with them that they should leave Egypt & go whether they pleased, & thereupon they went out of Egypt through the sdesart into Syria. // Hence Manetho concludes that they were the Israelites but I had Others take them for Arabians, Africanus speaking of the first six kings saithSyncel p. 61 they were Phœnicians. ymthemΗσαν δὲ Φοίνικες Ξένοι βασιλεῖς στ Erant Phœnices peregrini reges sex. And Bochartus makes them a colony of Phœnicians & interprets the names of their first six kings in the Phœnician language And Ierome saith of the language of CanaanIn Isaiam l 7. c 19. i Inter Ægyptian & Hebræam media est & Hebrææ magna ex parte confinis, its much like the Hebrew but partakes more of the Egyptian then the Hebrew doth. The Canaanites were shepherds & lay next Egypt & the main body of of yethe Arabians lay at a greater distance from Egypt wthwith Edom between. For Edom lay before Egypt extending from Canaan to the Red sea, & the Edomites kept their seats. It seems
It seems to me therefore that as when the Tartars invaded the kingdoms of the Turks upon the rivers Tigris & Euphrates the Turks retired into Asia minor & there founded the present Empire: so when Ioshua drave out the Chanaanites, they being forced to seeke new habitations invaded their next neighbours the Egyptians For the Canaanites were Shepherds & the Edomites were seated between Egypt & the Arabians the nations of Arabia., These Shepherds expanding themselves from Iudea to the Red sea.. And being used to navigation upon yethe in Ægypt upon the mouths of the Nile, when the Egyptians E expelled them & forced them to seek new seats they betook themselves would be apt to ready to retire first through the wilderness to the neighbouring parts of the sea coasts & thence to sent out colonies to various places on the me red sea & Mediterranean. For the Phœnicians were seated upon both seas & traded first upon the Red sea, W & afterwards upon the Mediterranean as they themselves related.Herod. l. 1. c. 1. & l. 7. c. 89 Whence it came to pass that David had conquered the Edom, & thereby Elath & Ezion geber (places upon yethe Red Sea) came into his possession, & his son Solomon in imitation of the Phœnicians built a / fleet in Ezion-geber upon the Red sea & setnt it with the fleet of Hiram king of Tyre to Tharshish & Opir, & Hiram sent for gold & silver & ivory & Pecocks or Parrots & Apes & Almug trees & precious stones & Solom Hiram sent in Solomons fleet Navy his own servants shipmen that had knowledge of the sea with the servants of Solomon. The servants of Solomon were therefore novices in sea affairs & Hiram had a fleet upon yethe Red Sea for trafic before the days of Solomon.
6275
It seems to me therefore that when Iosua drave out invaded Canaan & drave out the Canaanites they being driven out & forced to seek new seats habitations invaded their next neighbours the Egyptians, that & during after many ages whepn the Egyptians drave they them out of Egypt shut them up in Pelusium they being used to navigation upon the mouths of the Nile, retired to the sea coasts & applying themselves to navigation sent colonies to spread themselves in colonies sent out colonies into many places upon the Red Sea & Mediterranean.
Total of the Moneyers Bill –8032. 13. 6
Deduct
For coyning 47566lwt at 10 1/2 £ pound2083. 0. 0
For horses & charge of carrying meterialls into yethe Country Mints – – – – – – – }1283. 9. 0
Abatement – – – – – – – –500. 0. 0
3866. 9. 0
Remains41656. .4 6
Add for charge of carriage of materialls to the Country Mints – – – }
It seems to me therefore that when Ioshua invaded Canaan, the Canaanits being driven out of their land & forced to seek new seats invaded their next neighbours the Egyptians, ytthat as when David invaded Edom & Nebuchadnezzar invaded Iudea some of the invaded people retired into Egypt so when Ioshua invaded Canaan & drave out the inhabitants they retired in great numbers into Egypt & when they found themselvelsthemselves strong enough invade made war upon the cities of Egyptians & staying long in Egypt used themselves to navigation upon the next river Nile & when they were shut up in Abaris applied themselves more to navigation the Sea then before for want of room, & when they were obliged to retire a out of Egypt went through the wilderness to the sea coasts of Syria & left a good part of their body upon the red sea coast of the red Sea & wanting room sent colonies into many places upon both Seas For the ancians Egyptia Phœnicians at first were seated upon both seas & traded first upon the red sea & came from thence to the mediterranean as they themselves & the Persians related to HerodotusHerod. For the red sea being calm & very shallow & for that reason much calmer then the mediterranean was fitter safer for navigation in those early ages while such small vessels as were then at first in use. Hence it came to pass that when David had conquered Edom & thereby Elath & Ezion Geber (places upon the red sea) came into his possession, his son Solomon (& first of all David himself if we may beleive ) built a fleet in Ezion Geber upon yethe & sent it on the red sea with the fleet of Solomon Hiram king of Tyre to Oph Tarshish & Ophir places places of Arabia fælix or beyond t (places in or beyond Sheba or Sabæa) the kingdoms of Sheba or Sabæ) for gold & silver & ivory & Peacocks (or Parrots) & Apes & precious stones & Almug trees (by wchwhich means the Queen of Sheba or Sabæa in Arabia fælix heard of Solomons glory) & Hiram sent in Solomons Navy his own servants shipmen that had knowledge of the sea with yethe servants of Solomon. Solomons servants were therefore novices atin sea affairs & Hiram had a fleet before before him upon the red sea for trafic before the days of Solomon. & Solomon was tempted by the profitable trade of the Phœnicians on that sea to imitate them, Hiram chosing rather to oblige them to not daring to oppose him so potent a kingdom. by wchwhich means his sevantsservants were become acquainted with those seas, & the manner of sailing in them. Strabo after he had described the some the people of the barren regions upon the Sinus of the Red Sea next between the Troglodytes adds & Eloth adds:Strabo l 16. p. 777. a Next these is the Sinus of Elanitaes or Eloth Sinus of Eloth & the region of the MNabateans wchwhich is populous & abounds wthwith pastures & the Islands wchwhich lye before them were are inhabited by men wchwhich anciently were quiedt but afterwards began to ro in great boats to rob those who navigated from Egypt but were punished for it, being opprest by a navy set out against them. . Whether this i that is by the navy of Sesostris. This makes it probable that yethe Shepherds used the Red Sea before they left Egypt, or at least
The time when they were expelled Egypt is d Manetho expresses by saying that they went out of Egypt through the wilderness into Syria, they fearing the power of the
theAssyrians (for they reigned over Asia) built a city in the land wchwhich is now called Iudæa wchwhich might suffice for so many people & called it Ierusalem. Now David dwelt se reigned seven years in Hebron & then took smote the Iebusite & took from them Ierusalem & built Iebus wchwhich is Ierusalem & dwelt reigned there 33 years more & built the city round about & in building imployed the servants of was supplyed with timber & workem Masons & Carpenters by Hiram king of Tyre wchwhich Hiram king of Tyre sent messengers to David & & timber of Cedars with Masons & carpenters to build him to build him an house. This f friendship between David & the Phœnicians & imploying them in his works works at Ierusalem & perhaps the mixing of many of the Shepherds with the Israelites other Canaanites in Iudea as well as with the inhabitants of the sea coasts & assisting & their being imployed in the buildings of David & Solomon (for Solomon imployed only the Canaanites in his buildings) might give occasion to Manetho to confor represent Ierusalem built by the Shepherds. Bu And by that them coming out of Egypt. For Solomon imployed t the Canaan only the Canaanites in his buildings. Manetho therefore represents that And by this circumstance they cam I gather that So then according to Manetho they Shepherds came out of Egypt a little f before the eighth year of Davids reign took & built Ierusalem.
Cadmus (as I shall shew) came from Pheoenicia into Greece at ain the beginning of Solomons reign as I shall shew hereafter hHe was the son of Agenor one of the Kings of Phœnicia a King or Prince of Phœnicia & Agenor is reputed originally an Phœnician Egyptian & some say that Cadmus was born in Egypt. The letters wchwhich hHe brought the Phoenician letters into Greece but Sanchoniatho an old Phoenician ascribes the invention of letters to the Egyptians, & the Iews could write & read when Moses brought them out of Egypt And Chonufhis Priest of Memphis & master of Eudoxus being shewn a brass table from taken from the sepulchre of Alcmena inby the reign of Agesilaus
king of Sparta with letters upon it, wrote back to yethe king that yethe letters were such as were in use under king Proteus & wchwhich had been taught to Hercules the son of Amphitruo. ✝✝ and the name Βίβλος by wchwhich yethe Greeks called a book was doubtless originally taken from yethe Egyptian paper. Herodotus l 2. c 58 tells us ytthat yethe Iewes anciently called skins of parchment βίβλοι because sometimes in penuria biblorum they used skins. Cadmus
He *
bought an ox of the hHerdsmen of Pelagon an Ox pp Pausan. l. 9. p 559. wchwhich had on either side a white – mark like the circle of the full moon, being commanded by the Oracle to fix his seat where the wearied Ox should rest. The Ox with the white spots resembling the full moon savours of yethe religion of yethe Egyptians in the worship of Apis. And of the same original is the name Καραιὸς given to Iupiter by the Boeotians. For Καραιὸς by the interpretation of Bochartus if the word (as Bochartus interprets) be Ph the Phnician כרαי Carai, arietinus, id est Hammon qui pingebatur כριοπρόσωπος.
From the time that the Egyptians expelled the shepherds we find many colonies of Egypt into Greece & Phœnicians in Greece came from many parts Ægypt & Phœnicia into Europe. The colony of Cecrops Erichtheus was was is recconed the first, whe They came from Sais
They came from Sais a province of Egypt upon the western mouth of Nile & first arrived at Cyprus & ee Porphyr. περὶ ἀποχῆς l. 2. 54. there inhabitants of Cyprus the the a City wchwhich was first called Coronis & after Salamis sacrificed yearly a man to Agraulus yethe daugther of Cecrops This custom remained till the time of Diomedes & then was altered so that a man was sacrificed to Diomedes The temples of Minerva & Agraulus & hence Diomedes stanooding together within the same close. Whence Cecrops & his dau posterity followers seems to have introduced in Cyprus the worship of Minerva & his daughters the sacrificing of men & by consequence to have been one of the Shepherds of the race of the Shepherds. He came from Sais a province of Egypt upon the western mouth of Nile & therefore fled when Misphragmuthosis drave them Shepherds out of those parts & shut them up in Abaris. A The Arundelian Marble places him but 64 years before Cadmus & perhaps he was not quite altogether so old For had the acquaintance of the Greeks with the Egyptians & Phœnicians been older then Cadmus they would not have wanted letters so long.
but whether he was a genuine Egyptian & fled from yethe Shepherds or one e of yethe Shepherds who fled from yethe Egyptians I cannot affirm may be doubted. The Arundelian Marble places him but 64 years before Cadmus. And perhaps he was not altogether so old: for had the acquantaince of the Greeks wthwith the Egyptians & Phœnicians been much #
#much older then Cadmus they would not have wanted letters so long. | He came from Sais a province of Egypt upon the western mouths of the Nile, And & therefore fled either in the war of Misphragmuthosis or while before the Shepherds were shut up in Abaris, or if he fled while they were shut up it was to avoyd their assaults by Sea. Not By the Dynasties of Africanus Africanus long after his fixing in Greece Erichtheus or Ericthonius another Egyptian followed him
wthwith a great quantity of corn out of Egypt for the use of yethe new colony for the new colony & now the Egyptians began to sow corn in Greece & taught yethe Greecks to do the like & in memory thereof instituted the Elusinia sacra wherein Ceres was worshiped
After the Shepherds were expelled Egypt they returned back into again into Egypt thither in the reign of Amenophes or Memnon & as I shall shew hereafter & reigned there 13 years & after 13 years reign were expelled a second time by the Egyptians. This second expulsion happened about yethe 45 or 350th year of A after sSolomons death as fa as I shall shew hereafter. From thence count backwards 511 years (the time of the Shepherds stay in Egypt according to Manetho) & the beginning of their reign in Iudea Egypt will happen be about 5 or 10 years after the expulsion of yethe Canaanites by Ioshua. So that Which confirms the opinion that they were these Canaanites
2 Africanus in the Dynasties extracted from Manetho menti notes that in the 10th year of the Saites the first king of the Shepherds the kingdom of Thebes or Diopolis began in TEgypt, & in another place he puts Menes the first king. the Dynasty of Eratosthenes dating the reign of the Theban kings from yethe 10th year of yethe Dynasty of yethe shepherds, he puts names Menes the first king of Thebes & Athothes or Thoth the second. When they drave Neare Thebes was the city Cophtos wchwhich implies that yethe Cophtites were originally pepople of yethe upper Egypt but when they drave out the Shepherds they gave their name of Cophtites to all the Egyptians. & of thence the Greeks called their land Αια κοφθος Α Αια Κόφθουυ, the Æ Ægypt. & of ÆEgypt Αἶα Κόφθου to the country When they drave out the Shepherds Between the age of Then the age of Menes nothing is more ancient in the records of Egypt. From that time to the reign of David 1 During the stay of the Shepherds in Egypt no mention is made of yethe Egyptians in sacred history. For yethe Shepherds sacrificed men & thereby made Egypt inaccessible to strangers: whence came the story of Busiris that being the name of one of the Provinces & Cities in Egypt where these sacrifices were performed.. But from yethe time that David reigned, the Egyptians are frequently mentioned.
At length they Thebans took Heliopolis from yethe Shepherds & there abolished thei sacrificing of men by substituting images of wax in their room. And after they drave out the shepherds & became Lords of all Egypt they made they Thebes became the Metropolis of all Egypt themselves and
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themselves known to the whole world by the wars of Sesostris and by the following victories of Sesostris soon grew the greatest & most famous city then in the world. Neare Thebes was the City Cophthis, wchwhich argues that the Cophthites were at first a people of the upper Egypt & by founding Thebes & conquering all Egypt gave the name of Cophthites Cophito all the Eg people of Egypt to all yethe kingdom. And from Cophthi whence the Greeks formed Αἶα Κο Cophta ( Ægyptus ) the land of yethe Cophthites.
Herodotus in giving an account of the ancient state – – inserted Amenophies & Moeris, & between Sesostris & Tethmosis or Thummosis who expelled the Shepherds & Sesostris is is to be placed another Amenophes. For in one Dynasty Manetho makes Amenophes the successor of Thu For this was the name both of the successor of Tethmosis & of the father & predecessor of A Sesostris.
The Octaeris makes yethe same solar year wthwith yethe Iulian. In 800 784 years it makes yethe new moon fall 3 days too late soon & yethe Equinox 6 days too late. Therefore once every 250 years omit d the last ay of the intercalary month.
The year of 12 months of 30 & 29 days alternately. Every eight years three intercalary months of 30 days each. The last intercalary month in every 250 years to have 31 days
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From him the aa Plin. l. 8. c. 28. river Ammon, the bb Ptol. l. 6. c. 7. promontory Ammonium & the a people called Ammonij in Arabia felix had their names. c Plin.
There being almost a million & an half coined in gold & silver since the last trial of the Pix wchwhich was three years ago, I humbly pray that the Pix there of this coinage may be tried this summer.
Which is most humbly submitted.I. N.
SrSir Isaac Newton Kn:tKnight
SrSir. You are desired to meet the Commissioners for Finishing St. Paul's Cathedral, on Tuesday next being the 13th day of this Ins:tInstant October at the Chapter-house in St. Paul's Churchyard. att 10 of the Clock in the Forenoon –
64 78
Books for Mr Newton.
1 Paracelsus opera Omnia fol –1 – 5 – 0
1 Traité ds Monoyes – –0 – 5 – 0
1 Experience Sur lEspirit Miniral –0 – 5 – 0
1 Medecine Metalique –05 – 0
1 – Balsamique par du Chêne –03 – 6
1 Rhenanj Chimiatrica –04 –
1 filet dariane –03 –
1 Pilote de l'onde Vive –3 –
1 Tombeau de Semiramis –1 – 6
1 Philosophie Naturele de Tisan –2 – 6
1 Texte dalchimie – 2 – 6
Parnasse assiegé –2 – 6
13 – 2 – 6
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Decouverte de la lumiere –1 – 6
Phisique d' Anciens
Traité des Pierres fig –3 – 6
Traité de Perspective & –6 – 0
Now comparing all these things together, it seems to me that yethe raptures of Io, Europa, Medea & Hellena & yethe Trojan warr followed one another in a short compass of time suppose of 60 or 870 years in the reigns of Solomon Rehoboam & Asa, which the Phœnician historians represent by describe by the reign of one king to signify the shortness of yethe time: that the rapture of Europa happened about yethe time ytthat Solomon made a league wthwith Hiram king of Tyre & married his daughter & built the temple & the rapture of Io not above 5 or 10 years before: that Sesach after an expedition of nine years, returned into Egypt in yethe 14th year of Rehoboam wthwith many captives amongst wchwhich was Tithonus a man the brother of Priamus a young man of extroardinaryextraordinary beauty, &that Sesac at yethe same time left a colony of Egyptians in Colchos under the government of Aetes & wthwithin a y two or three years soon after & then the Eg Greeks made an expedition thither in yethe ship Argo & brought away Medea, that Hercules in return of yethe Argonauts or soon after went against Troy wthwith five six ships & slew Laomedon & brought away his horses & daughter Hesione & left P set Priamos on the thronea. That Priamus not after the same or the next year sent Antenor to expostulate wthwith yethe Greeks about the injury but without meeting wthwith no satisfaction ordered his son Alexander to take what revenge he could meet with who thereupon stole away the Hellena the wife & goods of Menelaus in revenge of wchwhich the Greeks invaded & sackt Troy. & All wchwhich things considering their connection with one another seem to have been done within 15 or 165 or 20 years after the Argonautic expedition, especially since Castor & Pollux the brothers of Clitemnestra & Hellena & Clitemnestra were in the Argonautic expedition & Agamemnon & Menelaus their husbands were in all the Trojan war finished the Trojan war before their wives Clitemnestra & Hellena had lost their beauty. For Menelaus went afterwards to Egypt for his wife & Agamemnō was slain by his wifes adulterer. Also Theseus when Hellena was but ten years old Theseus being then 50 years old carried her away captive & Theseus lived till the last year of the Trojan war. Homer makes Hellena live in Troy 20 years before the warr, but she was never there.
83 7979
SrSir: I Humbly: presume to Acquaint you ytthat: I and: my wife: are a: Going into yethe: Countrey in order to Settle in my owne: Business: for I haue a Friend in yethe Countrey: That: will Assist me with Mony I should Be proud to See yoryour: HonrHonour: if you please to permit To Giue you thanks for all: Fauours: RecudReceived: from you: I am: yoryour: most: obedient & Humble SerutServant: to CommdCommand: Rob: Corbey.
And Iob who lived among their neighbours the Edomites mentions them writing down of Sounds as in use in his days Iob. 19.23, 24.. And when the Edomites
A prince wit on then
A Æ'Prince or Captainwith his army by a Giant wthwith many heads & many hands. Briaree(us a name of Neptune) Ægæon by a giant wthwith many heads & many hands for Neptune with his army
To The: Hon̄blHonourable: SrSir: Isaac Newton:
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– by Tyrian merchants, & that Cambyses tgoing into this temple of Vulcan at Memphis, very much derided the statue of Vulcan for its littleness. For, saith he, this statue of Vulcan is very most like those Gods wchwhich the Phœnicians call Patæci & carry about in the fore part of their Triremes ships in the form of Pigmy's.
Syncellus places the addition of five days to the old year in the reign of of the sixt king of the shepherds, & others ascribe this addition to Thoth or Mercury And the difference in time is but small, [Mercury being contemporary to Osiris & Isis & the last king of the shepherds] Ammon who added the five days being being but one generation later then the last king of the shepherds & as much earlier then Thoth.
Syncellus aa Syncel p. 123. d tells us that the five days were added to the old year by the last king of the shepherds, & others ascribe it to Thoth or Mercury. And the difference in time is but small. For Ammon who added those days was but began to flourish one generation later then the shepherds last king expulsion reign of the shepherds & as much earlier then Thoth. But the shepherds minded not arts & sciences, & the Egyptians of those days were apt to ascribe all such improvements to Mercury.
l. 10. Thales of Miletus & Cræsus king of Sardes & Cræsus. And Cræsus before Solon visited him – An 2 Olymp. 49. Soon after the return Of Solon from Sardes to Athens, Periander began to set up for the tyranny over that city which made Solon travel a second time. He went into Cilicia & soon after died in his travels: & this was in the second year of Pisistratus
& being invited by Cræsus to Sardes. Now Cræsus before Solon visited him had subdued all Asia minor – An 2. Olypmp. 49. And Soon after the return of Solon to Athens
Apoge Perige was then in ♋ ♑ 0gr 10'. In those sixty days the suns would move mean motion was 1s. 29gr. 8'. 9". 48", & his Æquation 1gr 39'. 41"[& his by consequence his whole motion 2s. 0gr. 478"., And the opposite point of the ecliptic wchwhich & his place in ♑0 ♓ 0gr 548] & therefore in those sixty days the sun would move from the winter solstice into ♓ 0gr 48': & the opposite point of the Ecliptick wchwhich rose at the same time with the Ecleptic Arcturus would be in ♍ 20gr. 48'. The north Latitude of Arcturus is 30gr. 437', & the elevation – – lived excess is 10g. 236'. WchWhich being added to ♍ 0. 48 gives the longitude of Arcturus ♍ 112gr. 24 – – And these 62 & 4 latitude is 41' 1/4 sAnd these 62' & 41 1/4 minutes amount unto 103 1/4 minutes – gives its correct Longitude ♍ in ♍ 13. 45 7 1/4. The longitude of this starr at the time of the Argonautic expedition was ♍ 13 7 1/2 24'. 52 2150'.0 = 35gr. 1'50'
Aug.5.Mr Shovel 1 In.8.2.18.10
Mr Th. Woodward. 4.45.4.18.1
Aug. 9Mr Humphry Moris Esq120.7.8.15
Aug. 10.Tho. Woodward –148.8.7.00
322.11.12.2
Aug. 12.African Company129.0.4.5
Tho. Woodward –52.6.9.4
504.6.5.11
Aug 17thTho. Woodward165.0.19.14
Wm Cartlick14.2.16.9
John Cook15.1.5.0
698.11.6.10
Aug. 19Tho. Woodward178.3.8.17
Humph. Morice92.9.7.6
Conrade de Gols Esqr44.7.7.7
1014.7.9.16
Aug 20Tho. Woodward93.5.18.16
Mary Prestland18.11.16.13
1127.1.4.21
Aug 20Conrade de Gols Esqr102.018.7.4
25Mary Prestland9.0.4.9
1238.4.16.10
Mr Richard Yeo aged 24, imployed about two years by Mr Wood. He lives at a Grocers at a corner of Southhampton Street in the strand.
Mr John Claus in the first house in Rose street beyond kings street in Covent Garden Engravour favoured by the Duke of Devonshire
those
To The HonbleHonourable SrSir Isaac Newton humbly present
SrSir. Nothing but Necessity pressing could prompt me to act thus Css contrary to my inclinations in becomeing a Petitioner to your Honour for relief I was SrSir formerly Chorister and Singing man at Trinity College Cambridge my Father was Combination keeper of that College misfortunes haue so far reduced me that I haue no wherewithall to support the Necessarys of life I humbly craue yryour compassion in what euer respect you please to confer I shall with all due gratitude receiue and euer own my self as in Duty bound to be SrSir yryour obedtobedient humble sert.servant Danll. Harrison
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Vpon their flight from K. David to the Philistims & taking on they began to make long voiages from Gr Asia minor Greece & Libya: & now upon their being driven from the red sea by the Edomites they began to make much longer voiages from Tyre to Afric Spain Portugal & Britain. And this double flight of the Phenicians from the red sea. gave occasiō
& others by of David. Thus was the first upon flight of the Edomites Phenicians from the red sea A when they to Sidon those began who fled to Sidon began quickly to make long viavoiages upon the mediterranean: &But those who fled to Tyre con & Aradus continued to trade upon the red sea till the revolt of the Edomites from Iudah & in the reign of king Ioram: & then retiring to the mediterranean made longer voiages there then the Sidonians had done before.
Sisyphus might builtd Corinth about the latter end of the reign of Solomon & he & his successors Ornythion reigne Thoas, Damophaon, Propadas, Doridas & Hyanthidus reigned there till the return of the Heraclides into Peloponesus. Then reigned the Heraclides Aletes, Ixion, Agelas Prumnes, Bachis Agelas II, Endamus Aristodemus & Telestes about 170 years longer & after then Corinth was reigned by annuall Archons about 40 or 50 years longer & after them reigned by Cypselus & Periander about 50 years more.
p. 10. lin ult. Eudoxus who flourished about 60 years after Melon p. 11. lin 3 Dele. by the description of the equinochtial & tropical circles in Aratus who copied after Eudoxus. Ib. lin 15. After Perseus add. He tells us also that the Colurus Equinoctial Colure passed through the middle of Aries: so that according to him the back of Aries was in the middle of Aries. He saith also that while tho Eudoxus drew the Coluri through the middles of the Constellations of Aries Cancer Chele & Capricorn yet Aratus the Poet (who flourished about years 100 years after Eudoxus) counted the celestial not notions not from the beginning of the Constellations fbut from the cardinal Coluri wchwhich cardinal points wchwhich in thise days were of Meton were found about seven or eight degrees distant from the middles of the Constellations. This distance it seems they attributed to the errors of the Astronomers who formed the sphere till Hipparchus fo the motion præcession of the Equinox not being understood till Hipparchus found that in his days it had moved was about four degrees from the place where Meton pit put it, & eleven degrees from the place where Chiron put it & thence considered first of any man that it had a motion & that backwards. [ & moved about a degree in an hundred years, the Argonautic expedition being eleven hundred years before his days according to Astronomers.]
For th And thereupon Sisyphus going distracted slew their father Athamas going distracted slew L his eldest son Learchus & his wife Ino threw her self into the sea together with her son younger other son melicertus. And thereupon Sisyphus instituted the Ismia at Corinth to his nephew melicertus. This was presently after the return of Sesostris into Egypt. I think about the 15th year of Rehoboam. Sisyphus & his successors
HondHonoured SrSir I made bold to present to you a new almanack wishing your HonrHonour a happy new Year with my humble seruice, I Remaine your humble seruant. Cha Rawson December 31th Stationer to yethe Mint 1725
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To The HonbleHonourable SrSir Isaac Newton Master Worker of his Ma.tiesMajesty's Mint within the Tower of London PsentPresent
Syisyphus who built Ephyra or Corinth & instituted the Istmia, was the brother of Critheus & Athams & son of Æolus the son of Hellen. And Calyce was the wife of Endymi Aethlius the & mother of Endymion & daughter of Æolus. And Aethlius was the father of Endymion & the son of Protogenia & g the sister of Hellen. And
Sisyphus was the grandson of Hellen & brother of Critheus the grandfather of Iason. He built Corinth & there instituted the Istmia to Melicertus the son of his brother Athamas
That Critheus Sisyphus & Athamas & Calyce & Aethlius flourished in the reign of Rehoboam & latter end of the reign of Solomon
Deucalion
Protogenia
HellenaCuthus
Aelos.
Thoas
Aethlius – Calyce
Calyce
Critheus
Sisyphus
Athamas
Endymion
Æson
Phyxus & Helle
Ætolus
Iason
When Phrixus & his sister fled to Colchos their father Athamas the brother of Critheus & Sisyphus & granson of Hellen became distacted & killed his Son Learches whom he had by Ino the daughter of Cadmus & thereupon Ino threw her self into the sea together with her other son Melicertus And Sisyphus the brother of the instituted at Corinth instituted there the Istmia to the memory of Melicertus. After Sisyphus reigned at Corinth Ornithion, Thoas, Damophaon, Propadas & Doridas & Hyanthidus the sons of Propadas, who were deposed of at the return of the Heraclides into Peloponne-sus by Alethes the Heraclide. [And then reigned the Heraclides Alethes, Ixion, Agelaus, Pryes [Bacchis, Agelaus, Eudemus, Astodenus, Agemon, Alexander, Telestus.
There were therefore six king reigns of kings at Corinth till the return of the Heraclides into Peloponesus, & these at 20 years took up 120 years wchwhich being deducted from
Sisyphus built Corinth & reigned [there till Phrixus fled to Colchos & & his brother Melicertus was drowned in the sea] & there instituted the Istmia to the memory of Melicertus the son of his brother Athamas who was drowned in the sea about the same time that Phrixus the presently after the flight of Phrixus his brother of Melicertus fled Phrixus to Colchos, that is about the fifteent year of Rehoboam. After after the death of Solomon of Rehoboam. At Corinth after Sisyphus reigned at Corinth Ornythion Thoas, Damophaon, Propadas, Doridas, & Hyathidus. All their reigns at about And 20 years a piece And & then the Heraclides returned into Peloponnesus & succeeded them. Theses seven kings at about 202 years a piece one with another might reign about 14054 years. Count those years backwards from the time of the return of the Heraclides, & the recconing will end at about 14 year after the time of the death of Solomon, & there about place the building of Corinth. After the retur The Heraclides reigned at Corinth about 170 or 180 years & then the annual Pritanees reigned there about 50 years & then Cypsselus & Periander about 45 or 50 years more.
2520 60 1/30 And
In yethe end of yethe year 1660 the middle of the Aselli & Præsepe a small Constellation of in the middle of Cancer was in ♌ 3. 15. 21. And at yethe same time the middle between the cloudy star in the forehead of Capricorn & the last bright star in his taile was in ♒ 8. 25. 51 & yethe point opposite to this point was in ♌ 8. 25. 51. And yethe Colure passing in yethe middle between those two ♌ 3. 15. 21 & ♌ 8. 25. 51 passes as neare as can be through yethemiddles of both yethe Asterisms of Cancer & Capric. & cuts the Ecliptic in ♌ . 46. 13 & ♒ 5°. 50'. 36", & ♒ 5. 4650. 36.
The tail of the S. Fish through wchwhich this Colurus is to pass is marked out in yethe heavens by three g stars, the only stars placed in it, the one of yethe 3d magn. whose Long. in yethe end of yethe year 1660 was ♒ 5. 51. 5 & south Latitude 15. 10. 0 the another of the fourth magn. whose long then was at yethe same time was also 5. 51. 5, & Lat 17. 20. 0, the third of yethe 3d magn. wthwith in ♒ 5. 0. 55 wthwith south Lat 21. 30 & the Colurus found as above passes [through these three stars without any sensible sensible error of moment. It passes also – on yethe other.] within half a minute of yethe two first & within 10 minutes of yethe 3d. It passes also – – – on yethe other
Between the beginning age of P And such was the motion of yethe Equinox between the days of Palamedes & the days of Hypparchus according to yethe Chronology of yethe Greeks, byut if Palamedes flourished 60 years after Solomons death, tha it went back a degree in about 72 years, wchwhich is the truth To make it go back a degree in 72 years The time between Palamedes & Hipparchus must be shortened in yethe proportion of 72 to 100, by wchwhich means Palamedes will flourish 60 or 70 years after the death of Solomon.
To these two sorts of Arguments taken from the Genealogies & reigns of the Greeks & from Astronomy, I will add a third sort taken from the comparison synchr & synchrof things done in Greece with those done at yethe same in Phœnicia & Iudea where chronology was much ancienter then in Greece . And first I observe that the Trojan war was in the day of Cinyras king of Byblus the lover of Venus & & in the days of Belus king of Tyre the father of Pigmaleon & Dido. For when yethe Trojans Greeks were preparing to make war upon Troy Agamemnon had a breast plate sent him by Cynyras as & the news thereof came to Cyprus, Cinyras sent Agamemnon a breastplate as Homerιλιλ mentions. And Venus the mistress of A Cinyras & of his son Adonis first lay wthwith Anchises in her youth & by him had Æneas who warred against the Greeks at Troy & after that war sailed to Italy about the same time that Elissa Dido fled from her Brother Pigmaleon & built Carthage as Virgil relates. And Teucer after – – – – Matgenus., And Iosephus & tells us out of the Tyrian Annals that he reigned nine years & died 83 years after the Solomon & ytthat in yethe 7th year of his son & successor Pigmaleon, Dido fled his daughter ytthat is 90 years after Solomons dead Dido fled from Tyre & built Carthage in Afric. Whence From all wchwhich it follows that Troy was taken between 70 & 80 years after the death of Solomon. & Cartha Strabo relates Strabo mentioning the first men who leaving the sea The Romans destroyed Carthago coasts ventured out into the deep & undertook long voiages, names Bacchus & Hercules & Iason & Vlysses & Menelaus & that the dominion of Minos was also celebrated & the navigation of the Phœnicians who went beyond Hercules's pillars & built cities there & in the middle of the sea coasts of Afric presently after the war of Troy. Whence the Chronologers imagin that the Phœnicians built Carthage long before yethe days of Dido. They should rather conclude hence that Dido fled from Phœnicia & built Carthage presently after the Trojan war. SolinusSo tells us: Hadramyto et Carthagini author est a Tyro populus. Carthaginem (ut Cato in oratione Senatoria autemat) cum rex Hiarbas rerum in Libya potiretur, Elissa mulier extruxit domo Phœnix, et Carthadam dixit, quod Phœnicum ore exprimit cCivitatem Novam; mox sermone verso, Carthago dicta est, quæ post annos septingentos triginta septem exci>ditur, quam fuerat extructa. This old history Cato seems the Romans could have only from the Carthaginians whom they conquered. Carthage was destroyed in the Consulship of Lentulus & Mummius Anno Per Iul. 4568, from whence count backwards 456 737 years complete & the buildingE of yethe City will fall upon yethe 16th year of Pigmaleon, [nine years after yethe flight of Dido Elissa] Eneania might be founded by Elissa that is Dido, in the 7th year & the Eneania celebrated in yethe 16th year of Pigmaleon.
Iphitus who restored the Olympiads presided in them as judge & so did his successors, but the Kings of yethe Pisæans sometimes contendinedg woth Elians about presiding, & & & the Eleans support & in yethe 48 Olmpiad the Eleans entred yethe country of Pisæans wthwith an army suspecting their designes, but and but were prevailed wthwith to return home quietly. And & soon after the Pisæans confederated wthwith several other Greek nations & made war upon the Elians. And during this war I conceive it was that Phidon presided Olympic Games suppose in the 49th Olympiad. But For in the 50th Olympiad, for putting an end to contentions between kings about presiding, two men were chosen by lot out of the city of Elis to preside & their number in yethe 65t Olympiad was increased to nine & afterwards to ten & these judges were called Hellenodicæ, judges of or for or in the name of Greece. When Phidon had introduced weights & measure in Greece, Solon after his example Atlas the astro is reputed to have Tis said that Atlas – the son of Eumolpus one of the Argonautsobsserved yethe stars in Libya to have made a celestial Sphære represented & in memory thereof he is painted wthwith a sphere on his back made a sphere was the first who made a sphere in Greece. Sophocles tells us – & that the Constellations were by Mther about yethe This was done a little after the Argonautic expedition as I gather from the constellations themselves. For all the original oldest constellations relate to the times that expedition & the times before it. There's In the constellations of Perseus – & their mother the south Fish. [These & the little Bear & yethe Triangle are the first asterisms described by Aratus The Bear was formed by Thales & Since his time some others have been added as Coma Berenices Antinous, & Libra, In ] All these Constellations relate to the Argonautic Expedition &
days of Thales. And all the first constellations And the constellations themselves discover the age in wchwhich Argonautic Expedition & the times next preceding it. In the Constellations of Argo, , the serpent or Dragon Hydra wthwith sdun upon its carcass the symbol of death, & in those of the golden Ram, the firy Bull, & the twins Castor & Pollux you have y of of the Argonautic expedition. In those of Perseus, Andromeda, Cepheus, Cassiopæa & Cete you have the story of Perseus. Engonasis, Sagitta, Vultur Cadens, Draco, Cancer, Leo relate to Hercules. Vrsa Major & Arctophylax to Callisto & her son Arcas Auriga to Erichthonius Theres Orion the son of Euryal the daugther grandson of Minos with his dDogs & Hare & River. There's Orpheus Harp, Bellerephon's Horse Læda's Swan, Neptune's Dolphin, Ganimede's Eagle, Iupiters Goat AEsculapius (or Phorbas) wthwith his serpent, Chiron the mast of Iason with his Altar & Sacrifice. There's Virgo or Astræa the daugher or Ceres Sagittary or Crotus the Centaur the son of the nurse of the Muses, Capricorn or Pan, Aquarius or Ganimede, the Fishes of Venus & Cupid & their mother parent the south fish. In all these Constellations theres nothing relating to the Trojan war. nothing nothing to the times after the Argonautic expedition & therefore they were formed presently after that expedition or perhaps within 20 or 25 years after when Iason Hercules Leda Castor Pollux Orpheus & Æsculapius were dead & deified so that they might be honoured in the Constellations, & the Hero's who lived after that expedition were not yet dead or not in so much repute as to be capable of that honour. Now Lucretius tells us that Musæus the son of These Constellations were first delineated Tis said that Atlas observed the stars & made a sphere & in memory thereof he carries a sphere upon his sholders. His were the Egyptian constellations. Among the Greeks Musæus the son of Eumolpus was the first who made a sphere. & he being one of He was contemporary to the Argonauts & might for that reason delineate & might make his sphere after theat Argonautic expedition. upon it. Sophocles tells us that Palamedes the son of Nauplius – – – – rocks. From all wchwhich I gather that Palamedes was a young man when he went to the war at Troy & not long before men observed & measured the stars & measured them that is their their situations one another, & refor formed or reformed the [Signs &] Signs & Asterisms. Musæus might delineate them set the stars on the globe by viewing the heavens as a painter draws a face & Palamedes might rectify their places by his measures & form the signs & constellations more exactly. About the same time the solstices were also observed for before Homer tells us that days there was in the Island Syrie or Syrus there was an Heliotropium that is an Ηλιου τροπαι Heliotropium that is aor place made fit prepared for observing the solstice Solstice, as ✝✝ Bochar. itn Canaan l 1. c. 14 Bochartus teaches out of Homer & his old scholiast wchwhich Heliotropium remained there till the days of Diogenes Laertius.
if the new Constellations of Coma Berenices, Antinous ,& Libra be excepted & Deltoton & the two wagons are all the first constellations. And in all these there's nothing There relating to the Trojan war.
Atlas an Egyptian who governed Libya a province of Egypt is reputed one of the oldest Astronomers. He made a sphere & in memory thereof carries a sphere upon his sholders. But the Asterisms of the Egyptians were different from those of yethe Greeks. Among the Greeks Musæus
After the times of the Arg. Exp. & Tr. war, the communication between Egypt & Greese ceased till [& Astronomy lay neglected] till the reign of Psammiticus. & In his reign the Greeks had free access to Egypt Pyth aneus Thales travelled thither revived Astromy observed the stars himself was
Among those cities I reccon Carthage one of the first, Dido flying not yet frequented by the Phenicians that she might lye hid from The Tyrians did not grow famous for navigation till after Homers days.
For SrSir Isaak New in German street
I desire yuyou will meet Mr Ellis & me tomorrow at yethe mint about passing some bills other things relating to yethe tin I am SrSir YrYour most humble seru J Stanley
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Herodotus tells – & brought in many arts.] & The lower Egypt was a flat country without minerals, but their material Phœnicia abounded wthwith mountains & tall trees & the Phœnicians were skilled in preparing & manifacturing minerals & working upon wood before yethe days of David. [x They had flags & canes of wchwhich they made their ships & flax for of wchwhich they made their yarn & linnen cloth, & corn of wchwhich but Greece wanted these materials to work upon before they were furshed from Egypt by the Phenicians. but the But Phenicia abounded wthwith mountains & tall trees & the Phœnicians
The Greeks before the coming ofat first lived in caves & dens & woods like salvages without towns or houses without arts or sciences like salvages or wild men. But till Then the Egyptians who who came in among them under yethe conduct of with Cecrops Lelex & Pelasgus in yethe days of Eli taught them to build hous cloath themselves with the skins of Beasts & to build houses & live together in towns. Pelasgus taught them to cloath themselves wthwith skins & to feed on acorns of the bechech instead of roots.. Doxius the son of Cælus taught them to build houses of clay & the brothers Euryalus & Hyperbius taught them to harden the clay by burning & build houses of brick d this is w. The Egypt lower Egypt was a flat country without minerals or timber trees. They had flax of wchwhich they made thred & linnen cloth; They had canes & flaggs of wchwhich they made their boats & ships & they had corn for food. But Greece wanted all these materials to work upon before Phenicians merchants furnished them from Egypt. [They Egyptians had also horses from Lyibya but I must w coming of the Phenicians heare of no horses in Greece before the [days of Erechtheus Oenomaus & Pelops nor riding on horsback before the expedition of Sesostris. He left brought an army of horse & foot over the Hellespont & a body of horsmen wchwhich he left in Thessaly were celebrated by the Greeks as a new sort of creature composed of a horse & a man together wchwhich they called a centaur]. The Greeks therefore continued rude & ignorant void of arts v & barbarous till the coming of the Phenicians. For Phœnicia & Syria abounded wthwith mountains wchwhich were mountanous & abounded with minerals metals & without many Herodotus tells us that the Phœnicians who came with Cadmus brought in letters & many other doctrines. Phœnicia abounded with minerals & metalls & timber trees [Among other things Cadmus taught them to dig & excoct copper in Thebes & the Idæi Dactyli taught them to dig & excoct iron in Crete. & the Phenicians were skilled in working on those materialsThese things they had learnt in Phenicia & how to work on these metals For David when David smote the Syrophenicians (the countrymen of Cadmus) he took from the cities of Hadadezer very much copper & Toy king of Hamath sent David a present of vessels of gold silver & copper 2 Sam. 8. And] Particularly to dig & excoct copper & iron & other metals & make utensils & & vessels & instruments & armour & the Phenicians had smits & instruments & weapons of iron in the days of Saul 1 Sam 13.19.] The Greeks therefore contiued without arts till the coming of the Phœnicians. For Phœnician& Syria & Cyprus wasere mountanous & abounded wthwith minerals & timber trees wchwhich were the ground of manual arts. When David smote the Syrians (the countrymen of Cadmus) he took from yethe cities of Hadadezer their king very much copper brass & Toi king of Hamath sent David a present of gold & si vessels of gold & silver & copper brass 2 Sam. 8. & The Phenicians had smiths & instruments & weapons of iron & files to sharpen them in the days of Samuel 1 Sam 13.19. And The Sidonians skilled eminent above all other men for their skill in hewing of timber 1 King. 5.6. & when Solomon wanted a man to work in brass for two he sent for Hiram the same whose father was a man of Tyre a worker in brass & Hiram did all Solomons work for the Temple 1 King. 7.14. And hence from the skill of the Phenicians in minerals & excocting metals & applying them to use it came to pass that when the Phenicians were f fled from David & seated themselves in Greece they presently applied themselves to searched for metals the ground of their arts & Ca the most valuable sort of merchandise & Cadmus found iron copper in Thebes & the Idæi Dactyli found iron in Crete & Erechthonius or Erechtheus found silver, by wchwhich s invention & his sacrificing his daughter I make it reccon that he was a Phœnician & tho Diodorus saith he was an Egyptian. By the invention of copper & iron the Greeks were supplied wthwith utensi utensils & tools for arts & agriculture & weapons & armour of both metals & first of copper that metal by easier to s wchwhich gave a beginning to other trades of coppersmiths & iron smiths & carpenters for building houses & ships & making instruments of wood for & metals iron for tilling yethe ground & other imployments. . & the invention of iron in Crete gave Menes the advantage of building a navy of shipps & gaining the dominion of the Greek seas before any other nation of the Greeks. And the study of sea affairs brought & merchandise brought in the study of Astrōmy & Arithmetick. Then arose artificers who And new Artificers brought the arts to greater perfection as Cinyras who invented the Anvil & hammer & tongues & laver & the making of tyles & Dædalus & his nephew Talaus who invented the Ax & saw & wimble
& perpendicular & compas & turning lath & glue. & And as music was improved & arrived to godod perfection in Phœnicia in the days of Samuel & David (as I gather from 1 Sam 10.15. 1 Chron 25. Nehem 12.36, 45. so that David appointed a new service of singing with musical instruments in the temple (1 Sam 10.15. 1 Chron 25. Nehem 12.36, 45) so that the Phœnians & afterwards the Egyptians brought music into fashion in Greece. For the Idæi Dactyli & Curetes used to dance in armour & keep times brought into fashion rhimes & the & into fashion Cymbals & keeping time with Cymbals & dancing in armour & were the first in Europe who did so. For 23 Clemens Alexandrinus (Strom 1) tells us: Some more fabulously think that the Idæi Dactyli were the first wise men to whom both the invention of the letters wchwhich they call Ephesian & the invention of musical rhimes is referred for wchwhich reason they are wont to be called Dactyli by Musitians. 1 Origen lib 14. c. 6: Audium Musicum ab Idæis Dactylis cæptum 2 Solinus Polyhistor c 11: Studium musicum inde cæptum cum Idæi Dactyli modulos crepitu & tinnitu æris deprehensos in versificum ordinem transtulissent. By their bringing letters into Crete you may know that they were Phœnicians & came into Crete about the same time that Cadmus came into Cre Greece. ‡ There were other Phenicians in Crete called Curetes who danced in armour & were like the Dactyli scarce differed from the Dactyli in anything excepting that the Dactyli were smiths & the Curetes were of the kings guard or in other offices at court. Some say they came from Phrygia & perhaps they might touch upon that coast & leave some of their in their way to Crete & there leave the Corybantes there a people perfecly like themselves. They were were said to dance in armour about Iupiter when he was new born & that his f to drown the noise of his crying & therefore if Minos be that Iupiter ‡ For since the Phenicians had letters before yethe coming of Cadmus it is not unlikely that several colonies of Phenicians might at yethe same time bring letters into Gre Asia minor & Greece & Crete. Some say that the idæi Dactyli came from not Crete from Phrygia about yethe & perhaps they might touch upon that coast in their way to Crete: & there leave the Croybantes a people perfectly like themselves. [They were said to attend on Iupiter in his infancy & dance about him in armour wthwith Drums & cymbals & clashing swords wchwhich makes it probable that they attended & guarded Minos as his guard wchwhich fable seems occasioned by their being to insinuate that they were appointed to attend on Minos from his infancy birth. T As they attended Iupiter in Crete so they Corybantes were said to attended Cybele in Phrygia. Both danced in armour, both were called Curetes, but the name of Idæi Dactyli was given only to those men Curetes who found out iron & not their successors. The For their skill & knowledge they were accounted conjurers or wizzards & the Telchines in Rhodes the first inhabitants of Rhodes in Rhodes were just such another sort of men. the first inhabitants of Rhodes were just such another sort of men excelling in arts & being for that reason accounted conjurers, & being some of the first who wrought in iron & brass & such
were also the Cabyri in Samothrace & Lemnos & Imbrus. For Strabo were the Cabin in Samothrace‡‡ & the Curetes in Lemnos & Imbrus. For Strabo lib 10. tells us that some make the that the Curetes in Crete & Phrygia were concerned in sacred ministeries with acana partly about mysteries & partly about the education of Iupiter & sacrifices of Cybele, & that some make the Corybantes, the Cabyri, the Idæi Dactyli & the Telchines to be the same with little differences. In a word: all men describe them to be seized & with a certain divine acting wthwith an enthusiastic & Bacchical fury, dancing in armour wthwith tumult & noise & cymbals & drumms & weapons & pipes & clamour so as to in the sacrifices so as in the habits of ministers of the Gods sacara to terrify men. under the species of a And these sacra have many things common with the Samothracian & Lemnian & many others, being the
mistnisters of the sacra It may be recconed therefore that they came all from phœnicia about the same time with Cadmus. For Cadmus They could not be older because they all da
nced in armour nor much younger for Diodorus tells us that Cadmus sailed to Rhodes & left some Phenicians there for whom he built a Temple with a Temple & went also to Samothrace & was there partook of their mysteries & married a Samothracian & Bochartus proves that the Dij Cabiri of the Samothracians were the Gods of Berytus in Phenicia & that the names of those their Gods
84
were Phenician. And Some say that the Curetes first put on armour of brass in Eubœa & were thence called Chacidorians Since they all danced in armout they could not be older then then colonies of Cadmus. Diodorus derives the Corybantes in Thrace from Iasion the brother of Harmonia. And the Arundelian Marble makes the first appearance of the Image of the Magna Mater in Cybelis the mountain of Phrygia to be in the reign of Erechtonius that is of Erechtheus & Lucian makes this Goddesse the same wthwith the Phenician Asteroth Dea Syria or c Astarte in a Temple at & worshippe in the same manner, the Syrian Goddess Astarte being carrie drawn with Lyons & having a drum & & wearing a corona turrita on her head being a & her worship being performed with Pipes & Cymbals . And some say that yethe Curetes first put on armour of brass in Eubœa (Strabo l. 10) the seat of Cadmus where he found brass & his people wrought it before armour of iron came in use.
The Telchines in Rhodes were accounted conjurers or wizzards & excelled in arts & were among the first who workt iron & brass Strabo l 14 p 654. T Rhodes was at first called Ophuisa from the multitude of serpent in it before it was inhabited. Then Th it was inhabited by the Thelchins & Heliades & first by the Telchins according to Strabo. l 14 p. 654
These Idæi Dactyli worshipped Iupiter celebrate the God Iao or Iupiter pretending to that is Iao-piter or Iao Io taught the worship of Iove or or Iaou-piter Iehova-piter pretending that Saturn would have devoured him but in his stead by mistake devoured a stone called Bætylus, & that they danced in armour with pipes & drums & clamour in memory of their defe guarding him in his infancy from so that his father might not hear him cry. The Bætyli or Beth-els were round stone formed & by the Phœnicians in mount Libanus & there worshipped by them as the houses or mansions of their gods. For the oriental nations first worshipped ruder stones then shaped the stones round square or round & at lenght (as art improved) carved them into images of men. And mayny of these Bætyls remaine were seem remaining remained in in the top of mount Libanus by th till the times of the Roman Empire as an eye witness affirms And hence By this story of Saturn devouring one of these Betils instead of Iove & by the name of you may know ytthat the story had its original in Phœnicia among the inhabitants of Mount Libanus & & that the Cretan Iupe Iove was a Phenician God For by the name Iup that God whom the Phenicians called Ievo & the Moors Iuba Iuba called Ievo by the Phenicians the name being taken borrowed from Ieba or as we now pronounce it Iehova the God of Israel. This Ievo seems to be the chief God of Berytus. For Sanchoniatho who was a citizen of Berytus & who received his commentaries from HIierombalus the High Priest of the God Ievo, & was a citizen if Berytus & dedicated his book to the king of Berytus. – till the times of the Roman Empire as Damascius an eye-witness affirms [APud Photium] Whence you may know that the story of Saturnus devouring one of these Bætyls instead of Iove had its rise among the Syrophenicians of mount Libanus & that the Cretan Iove was a God of that country that God whom the Phenicians called Ievo, & who was worshipped in some Temple at or neare Berytus For Berytus was seated neare that mountain Libanus& Sanchoniatho was a citizen of Berythus & dedicated his commentaries f to the king of Berytus & received his informations from Hierombalus the P High Priest of the Gods Ievo. or Iove their He seems to me to be And probably he was the God Ievo from from whose high priest Sanchoniatho received his Commentaries. For Sanchoniatho was a citizen of Berytus & dedicated his book to the king of Berytus & Berytus was seated neare the mount Libanus. This at least is certain that Iove is a Phenician God the name being borrowed from Iehovah the God of Israel When the Idæi Dactyli came from Phrygia they seem to left there the Corybantes Curetes or Corybantes a people perfectly like themselves who set up there the worship of the magn the magna mater a Phenician goddess. For Lucian makes this Goddess the same with the Dea Syria or Astarte or Syrian Iuno in a Temple at Edessa & worshipped habited in yethe same manner this Syrian Goddess like Sibele being drawn with Lyons & having a drum & a Corona turrita on her head & her worship being performed in like manner with pipes & cymbals. after the manner The Gods of Samothrace or Dij Cabiri were also Phenician. Bochartus proves that their names were Phenician & that they were the Gods of Berytus. And The same Gods were worshipped also in Imbrus The Theelchines in Rhodes calme last from from Cyprus & wrought in iron & brass & danced dactyli in Crete in armours & excelled in arts & sciences so as to be accounted conjurers by the igno rant
Sr.Sir Cockpit wednesday
I send yethe inclosed Mr Williams explanation of his former proposall about tin, wchwhich he desires we may consider before next mint day, I have therefore appointed him saturday next at four in the afternoon at my office at yethe Cockpit & desire yuyou & mr Ellis will meet at that time if it be not inconvenient
I also just now receivd another proposall about yethe tin referrd to us by Ld TreasurrLord Treasurer Mr Tindall yethe proposer will meet us this day seaven night at yethe mint at ten a clock to consider of it. I am Sr.Sir yryour most humble servtservant
I Stanley
Greeks to be accounted conjurers like the Idæ Dactyli in Crete.
To SrSir I Newton
SrSir In the sheet in page 271. l 75, , 25, I haue changed the expressions in fig caseprop. XIII fig. case prop. XII and fig. case prop. preced into figura prima, in figura secunda, and in figura tertia because around the figures are drawn in this proposition it self, which they were not before.I am Your most humblhumble and most obedntobedient serutseruantI Pemberton
Menes & his son Ramesses reigned next after the Gods & therefore N Nictoris R Mæris
I have now recited all the kings of Egypt who reigned after Mephramuthosis Amosis & Ammon till the conquest of Egypt by the Persians & did any thing memorable, according And herein I have followed the rancient relatesons of Herodotus the priests of Egypt extant in Herodotus, the oldest heathen author now remaining extant who wrote of these things affairs of Egypt , & in my opinion the best most authentic. All these kings, & only these are named by him. And if he hath placed some of themse in wrong order, he had ithat order from the Egyptians themselves. Vpon deifying Sesostris they Egyptians gave him a new name calling him Sihor. Then of the two names they made two persns Sesostris & Sihor or Osiris And at length the And placing (Sihor for Osiris) among their Gods & Sesostris among their kings they made him some many thousands of years older then Sesostris & placed others some of of their kings between them. But this error being rectified, the rest of their kings set down by Herodotus is right proves right. by rewriting the names & Proteus being placed among the Princes & Proteus being omitted, the list of their kings of Egypt set down by Herodotus proves right.
And considering how much the Priests of Egypt for magnifying their Gods & antiquities Heros & nation had corrupted their antiquities before the day in the 380 years between the days of Herodotus & those of Diodorus Siculus for magnifying the antiquities of their Gods &c : We are not to correct the early account wchwhich Herodotus received from these Priests, of Egypt by the accounts wchwhich they gave to of their ati antiquities to Eratosthenes & Diodorus two & others two or three hundred years after later.
The Archives of Egypt suffered very much under by the several conquests of that country. For after the fall of their Monarchy they were conquered first by the Ethiopians under Sabacon in the beginning of the Æra of Nabonassar, then by the Assyreians under Asserhadon about three years before the death of that king, then by the Chaldeans under Nebuchadnezzar, & lastly by C the Persians under Cambyses who spoiled their temples & carried away their records about 80 70 or 75 years before the days of Herod travels of Herodotus into Egypt Herodotus travelled into Egypt. And from that time the Priests of Egypt were at liberty to corrupted their antiquities. still more & more.
Among the kings of Egypt some reccon Thoth or Athosthes the secretary of of Osiris, & Proteus & his son Telegonus inhabitants of the lower Egypt, & Tosorthris or Æsculapius a physitian who invented building wthwith cut stones, & Thuor or Polybus the husband of Alcandra. But these were only princes of Egypt & inserted into the list of their kings for increasing their number, & Herodotus omits them.
The history of Egypt set down by Herodotus from the time of its conquest by Asserhaddon & the reign of its twelve contemporary kings that is for the last 230 years before thise days of Herodotus, is right, both as to the number & order of their its kings & as to the length of their reigns. And he is the only author who hath given us so good an history of Egypt for the 230 years in those tim during that afteror those times [times wchwhich began about 230 years before he wrote. [And if his accounts of Egypt for times preceding be le] And this gives us reason to beleive that he was as accurate in setting down the account wchwhich he had from the priests of Egypt concerning their earlier ages, & that the defect was in the account it self wchwhich he had from those Priests. And considering And considering how much the Egyptians for magnifying their Gods & nation, had corrupted their antiquities in the 380 years between the days of Herodotus & those of Diodorus Siculus we are not to correct the early account wchwhich Herodotus received from them by the accounts wchwhich they gave of their antiquities to Eratosthenes Diodorus & others two or three hundred years later.]
Ægypt was conquered by the Assyria Ethiopians under Sabacon about the beginning of the Æra of Nabonassar that is about 300 years before Herodotus wrote his history. And about 77 years after ytthat conquestit was conquered again by the Assyrians under Asserhadon. And since this last conquest the History of Egypt set down by Herotus from the time of this last con is right both as to the names & the number & order of his the kings & the len as to the length of their reigns. And therein he is now followed by historians, he being & is the only ancient author who hath given us so good an history of Egypt during from the days of Asserhadon. And if his history the earlier times ais less accurate, it was because the Archives of Egypt had suffered much during the reign of the Ethiopians & Assyrians. And it is not likely that the Priests of Egypt who lived two or three hundred years after the days of Herodotus could mend the matter. On the contrary they were daily corrupting their antiquitis & encreasing the a feigning new kings to make their Gods & nation look ancient, as is manifest by comparing Herodotus with Diodorus Siculus. And therefore I have chosesn rather to make the best rely upon the stories related to Herodotus by the Priests of those days then to to be too free in correcting [the stories related to him by the Priests of Egypt.] him by Eratosthenes, Manetho, Eratosthenes, Diodorus & other authors who lived two or three hundred years later or above.
wchwhich makes the wars of the great Gods of Egypt against the Greeks to be in the age of Cecrop Erechtheus & Erechthonius & a little Theseus. / into As Ionia
Mæris is made contemporary to Hercules the son of Alcmena by Herodotus: for he reccons both of them almost 900 years older then himself. And by this recconing Mæris was younger then Sesostris
He spoid their Temples & carried away their Archives, & riches & Records, & this gave the Priests of Egypt a greater liberty of inventing new stories for magnifying their antiquities then they had before.
For he went to Memphis Heliopolis & Thebes to inform himself ab from the priests of all th cities about these matters. a Herod. l. 2.
And Herodotus tells us that Orus the son of Osiris, (called Apollo by the Greeks) reigned the last of the Gods & was slain & succeeded by Typon. Herod. l. 2. p. 182. Herod.
The Greeks reputed the ancestors of Perseus to have been Egyptians Herod l. 3. p. 427.
Tertiaqueab excessu Minois ætate res Trojanas fuisse
The inhabitants of Meroe worship no other Gods but Iupiter & Bacchus & have an Oracle of IupiterHerod. l. 2. p.
The temple of Venus hospita was that of Helena p. 163.
The Arabians worship & swereare by Dionysius & Vrania. Herod l. 3. p. 203.
The Heraclides led into Peloponesus by Aristodemus himself, according to the Lacedemonians Herod. l. 6. p. 426 p. 119. l. 13
Amycus the son of Neptune slain by the Argonauts
When Iacob went into Ægypt he was told by his son Ioseph that every shepherd was an abomination to the Egyptians & for that reason he was placed in the land of Goshen that he might be out of the lesse in their sight Gen. 46.34. The Egyptians And therefore were not Egypt was not under the in subjection to the shepherds at that time. After the descent of Iacob into Ægypt Ioseph lived 70 years & so long contined in favour wthwith the kings of Egypt. & 64 years after his death Moses was born., & And B between his death Iacobs death & the birth of Moses there rose up another king of Egypt who knew not Ioseph (Exod. 1.8 but this king was not the king one of the shepherds. For Moses told he is called still called Pharaoh (Exod. 11. 11, 22) & Moses told him that if they should sacrifice of in the land of Egypt they should sacrifice the abomination of the Egptians upon their eyes & the Egyptians would stone them. Exod. VIII.26. The shepherds therefore were not in Egypt while the Iraelites were either driven out of Egypt there, but eitherbefore Iacob went douwn thither, or did not enter into Egypt till after the death of Moses. And the latter must be true if they were driven out before the building of the Temple by Solomon, as Manetho affirms.
Diodorus saith in his 40thbook.
p. 5. l. 7. When Ioseph enterteined his brethren in Egypt, 2 he did eat at a table by himself & they did eat at another table by themselves & the Egyptians who did eat with him (that is, the servants of Pharaoh) were at another table; because the Egyptians might not eat bread wthwith the Hebrews: for that is an abomination to the Hebrews Egyptians. Gen. 43.32. These Egyptians were who did eat wthwith Ioseph were of the court of Pharaoh: & therefore Pharaoh & his court were at this time genuine Egyptians [f [The shepherds did not now reign over Egypt at this time; especially since its said a little after that every s of the same Egyptians & their brethren a little after that every shepherd is an abomination unto the Egyptians.] & these Egyptians with their brethren abominated eating bread wthwith with Hebrews at one & the same Hebrews table wthwith the Hebrews. WAnd of these Egyptians & their brethren its said a little after that every shepherd is an abomination to the Egyptians. Ægypt at this time was therefore under the government of the genuine Egyptians & not under that of the shepherds.
After the descent of Iacob into Egypt, Ioseph lived 70 years & so long continued in the favour of with the kings of Egypt. And 64 years after his death Moses was born, & between Iosephs death & the birth of Moses there rose up another king of Egypt who knew not Ioseph (Exod. 1.8.) but this king was not one of the shepherds. For he is called Pharaoh ,( Exod. I.11, 22) & Moses told him that if the people of Israel should sacrifice in the land of Egypt they should sacrifice the abomination of the people Egyptians before their eyes & the Egyptians would stone them (Exod VIII.26) that is, they should sacrifice sheep or oxen contrary to the religion of Egypt. The shepherds therefore did not reign over Egypt while Israel was there, but either were driven out of Egypt before Israel went down thither or did not enter into Egypt before till after the death of Moses. And the latter must be true if they were driven out of Egypt a little before the building of the Temple of Solomon, as Manetho affirms.
Diodorus saith in his 40th Book &c.
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To SrSir Isaac Newton These
by John Hadley Esquire F. R. S. W.
& Tartessus or Tarshish in an Island between the river Bætis mouths of the river
Vnder him they sailed as far as Tartessus or Tarshish a city ain an Island between the two mouths of the river Bætis. And after his death they built a Temple to him in the Island Gades & adorned it wthwith
1 Hercules dies. Eurystheus drives the Heraclides out of Peloponnesus.
2 Eurystheus slain by Hyllus. Atreus succeeds him.
3 The Heraclides by reason of a great plague retire out of Peloponnesus
35 The second attempt of the Heraclides to return. Hyllus slain by Echamus.
9 Atreus dies. 14 Paris steals Hellena In yethe absence of Menelaus Paris steals Hellena. Agamemnon reigns
21. Troy taken
851 The Heraclides after three generations in the third generation (recconned from the generation of Hyllus inclusively) the Heraclides return into Peloponnesus
I said that the common streame of Tigris & Euphrates had was thise river of Paradise. This
From the place of the children of Eden I concluded, theat the common streame of Tigris & Euphrates was the river of Paradice. T of This river had four heads. The first is Pison wchwhich compasseth the whole land of Havila & this was the western branch of that river running into the Persian gulf. For the land of Havilah was bordered upon the western side of that branch Gen. 25.18. 1 Sam. XV.7.
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The Assyrian Empire
Sir I send you here yethe Cast Reuise of your Uolume; Hoping I shall reap the Fruits of your Generosity do far, as to Enable me to drink to my Autors Health, at yethe Finishing. SrSir yryour Uery HumbleHumble SertSeruant The Compositor
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1. Herculus dies. The Heraclides expelled Peloponnesus by Eurystheus Eurystheus expells drives the Heraclides out of Peloponnesus, pursues them into Attica, is routed by them & slain & succeeded by Atreus They return into Pelonnesus.
2 By reason of a great plague they retire out of Peloponnesus into Attica.
4 They return endeavour to return. Etyllus the son of He slain slain by Echemus.7 6 Atreus dies, is & Thysestes reigns some months & is succeeded by Agamemnon. In yethe absence of Menelaus Paris 8 Thy steals Helena
202 Troy taken.
82 The Heraclides return.
1010 The death of Codrus.
They were not to return after in the threeird generations reconning three generations to an hundred years the present generation for the first, that is, in the days of the grandsons of Hyllus & Menelaus Aristodemus & Tisamenus & Cresphontes Temenus, Chresphontes, Aristodemus & Tisamenus the grandchilderen of Hyllus & Menelaus. Eurystheus was slain by Hyllus in the first attempt of the Heraclides to return & Atreus succeeded him & in the third year after that opposed them in their second attempt to return, & died just before Paris stole Hellena, wchwhich according to Homer & was succeeded by Agamemnon about 155 years before the taking of Troy. And the Return of the Heraclides in the third generation recconed from the first inclusively may be be about 50 or 60 years after the taking of Troy
They were to returned in the third generation
SrSir I could not rightly understand yethe Boy, but I belieue I haue done it as it should be.
I should be glad if you would be pleas'dpleased to enable me to drink to yryour Good Health. YrYour Uery HumblHumble SerutSeruant The Compositor
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The sacred history of receives light from the Chronical Canon of Ptolemy., And the histories of & gives some light to the ancient histories of the Egyptians Assyrians Chaldeans Medes & Persians kept freer from corruption thru the Hagiographa.
The sacred history receives light from the Chronical Canon of Ptolomy & sufficiently conteins the saffairs of the people of Israel down to the times of Darius Nothus king of Persia. The history of other ancient nations, the Egyptians Assyrians Medes Chaldeans, Medes & Persians receive some light from the scriptures but must chiefly be deduced from other authors
Blot out. [In the infancy of the nation of Israel] & all that follows.
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HonodHonoured S:rSir
Mr Hally told me That if Mr Lownds did appoint a time and place for yoryour HonorHonour and him to meet Mr Lownds about the Longitude yoryour HonorHonour with Mr Hally would meet accordingly: please to accqutacquaint whether I may now tell Mr Lownds so or not
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The Atlantij a colony of Egyptians at be in Libya between the Syrtes & Mounts athlas reported that their first king was Vranus [i. e. Ammon] who caused yethe people who till then wandred up & down, to live in cities towns & cities & reducing them from a lawless & salvage course of life taught them to use & lay up the ripe fruits of yethe earth & found out divers other useful things, & being exceeding addicted to the observation of the stars he [ was reputed able to predict things. eH] measured the year by the course of the sun & the months by yethe course of yethe Moon & divided the day into hours & was well acquainted wthwith the rising & setting of yethe stars & other things happening in the heavens & was reputed able to predict things by his skill in the stars & therefore they called the heaven be when therefore when he was dead, by reason of his desents & art in Astronomy, they honoured him as a God, & called him the king of the universe. He had 45 children by several wives of wchwhich 18 were by one his wife Titæa, thence & from her called Titans. By her he had also several daughters the two chief of wchwhich were Balsilea [i. e. Isis] & Rhea by some called Pandora. Basilea being older & more prudent then yethe rest nurst up her brothers & was thence called Magna Mater. After yethe death of Cælus Vranus she was made Queen & married her brother Hyperion [i. e. Osiris] by whom she had two children Helios & Selelne [i. e. D]Apollo & Diana or Orus & Bubaste or Orus & Bu But her brothers entering into a conspiracy assasinated Hyperion & drowned Helio in Eridanus, [i. e. yethe Nile] whereupon Selene threw herself down from yethe house top & Basilea went distracted & disappeared. – After the death of Hyperion the children of Cælus divided the kingdom amongst themselves amongst whom Of these Atlas & Saturn were yethe most renouned & The country bordering upon yethe Ocean fell to yethe share lot of Atlas from whom yethe people there were called Atlantides & the Mountain Atlas were named. He was an excellent Astronomer & was the first that discovered the knowledge of yethe sphere –. & reigned over Sicily Africa & Italy & inlarged his dominion over the western parts of the world. His brother Saturn was extraordinarily profane & covetous. he & He marryingied his sister Rhea & by her had Iupiter [i. e. Memnon] who succeeded in the throne either who was just & courteous & beloved of all & succeeded in yethe kingdom either as given up to him by his father or set upon yethe throne by the people out of hatred to his father. And tho Saturn afterwards by yethe help of yethe Titans made war upon yethe fa him, Iupiter overcame in battel & so gained the kingdom & afterwards ran through yethe whole world doing good to all mankind. &And because he was of a strong body & vertuous mind he easily conquered the whole world. And they of whom he had deserved well rewarded him with this honour that he was unanimously by all placed in yethe highest heavens & called a God & supream lord of yethe earth. This was the Theology of yethe Atlantides, for understanding wchwhich it is to be noted that accord several nations had several Iupiters & whoever was Iupiter his father grandfather & great grandfather wasere Saturn, Vranus & Hypsaranius respectively, & the Iupiter accordingly of yethe Atlandtides & his eldest & was Memnon gave these names to Memnon & So the Atlantides giving yethe name of Iupiter to Memmon, called his father Saturn & his grandfather Vranus, but yethe Egyptians giv. So yethe Iupiter of yethe Atlantides being Memnon their Saturn & Ca Vranus waseret the father & grandfather of Memnon whom yethe Egyptians called Hercules & Ammon. And this confusion of the names has much obscured the history of those times.
Much to yethe same purpose wchwhich yethe Theology of the Atlandtides the The peo people of Crete also represented reported ytthat yethe Titans were the sons children of Cælus & Terra or Titæa æ wherewhereof six were being six brothers & 5 sisters men & 5 weomen. The men brothers Cronus, Hyperion, Cæus, Iapetus, Crius & Oceanus the sistes Rhea Themiss Mnemosyne Phœbe & Thetis. That SaChronus [or Saturn] obteined the kingdom & reigned chiefly over the western parts of yethe world, married Rhea & of her begat Iupiter Neptune & Pluto Iuno Vesta ceres. That Hyperion found out the motions of yethe sun Moon & stars & distinctions of time. That Themis [Isis] was a Law-maker
The composition was thby sharing the kingdom among the brothers of Osiris so that Typhon or Antæus or Atlas retained the govermtgoverment of Libya, Orus & Isis the goverment of Egypt Hercules the Goverment of Chus & others the government of other places where they had been placed by Osiris: as I gather from the following history of these times according to the tradition of the Atlantij a colony of Egyptians in Cyrene neare the riv between the Syrtes & mount Atlas. // They The Atlanij say that their first king was Vranus [for so they call Ammon] who – – – of those times.
The In his reign after the war of Typhon
After the war of Typhon he reigned was over Orus reigned for a time with with his mother Isis & Isis by the advice of ☿ made laws for Egypt, & be celebrabratedted the funerals of Mercury – – now deified./
– After yethe Titans brothers of being drowned as was said in the Nile by the Titans & heis body found dead in the water In his reign Isis & ☿ made laws for Egypt & celebrated – – deified.
Orus being dead the Egyptians under the Hercules seem to have invaded Egypt
Most Honoured Friend I haue Presum'dPresumed to send to thee for the wonted AlowanceAllowance because to day is Market-day, and yethe Queen's Tax, Window Lights, Poor and Skauenger &c. are all upon me, soe that I haue been these two daiesdays uery uneasy, and yethe more because my Land-lady hath been with me: I know thy Wisdome is such as to Conceiue aright of yethe Reasons of my Pressure, for without that wchwhich Necessity forces, I shou'd wholy omitt it: I haue sent thee a Book of my weak Labours, wchwhich I hope upon thy Judicious Consideration will satisfy thee from Acetum to Elixer, and how long that may be justly said to Reign, Ic.Including euen to yethe Production of Azoth: I humbly desire that yethe Book may pass thy most Nice and Curious Examination, and be Pleas'd to giue me thy Sentiments thereon, wchwhich shall be to me as a Golden Touch-stone to know its ualue by; for I am well satisfyed that no Person Liuing is more Capable than thyself, therefore a Smile to this Request will be as Acceptable to me as yethe Sun in its Meridian Altitude to the benum'd and Bewinter'd Nature: thou wast Pleasd to tell me, that this Age was not worthy of my General Epistle therefore thy Sentiments on yethe whole shall be my Law and Dictate; yethe Number Printed is but small, & so done that I can stop it as I please, this being yethe first Book wchwhich hath pass'd out of my hand, wchwhich I present as my Mite into Minerua's Treasure, so w.thwith Prayers to God for thy long Life and Prosperity euery way I Rest thy true friend to serue in & at all Comand, W. Y.
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To SrSir Isaac Newton
years
And Callithya the daughter of Piranthus was the first Priestess of Iuno Argiva. ae responded to Acrisius Whether And Phorbas the brother of Peranthus reigned after him at Argos may be doubted for he went not so went with a colony to the Island Rhodes & reigned there purging that Island from serpents & wild beasts. And his son Triopas might succeed him there. About this this time In those days Aris Abas & his sons got footing in Argos & Acrisius married Eurydice the daughter of contracted affinity with Lacedæmon & Sparta by marrying their daughter Eurydice. [Suidas tells us that Eubœa was anciently called Abantis: wchwhich makes it probable that Abas came from thence. Said in Αβανης Abas built Abæ in Phacis & Abantis was the ancient name of Eubœa: wchwhich makes it probable that Abas came from thence.
Callithyea Pirant Hæmon regnat in Thessaly Atreus æ Thyestes post Pelop Arctinus Milesius poeta cla or 3. – Simonides Aristox
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Some place him in the days of Orestes the son of Agamemnon. Cornelius Nepos placeth him an hundred years before the first Olympiad.
Hesiod tells us that he lived in the fift age & that this age should end when the men then living should grow old & crop into the grave & therefore he & Homer flourished within thirty or forty years after the taking of Troy. Some ancient authors aa Apud Euseb. in Chron. placed Homer in the days of Orestes the son of Agamemnon & Cornelius Nepos placed him an hundred before the first Olympiad, where also we place him
76
Harpagus Cyrum et Persas ad defectionem imht. Sudas in
Callithyia the daughter of Peranthus was [the first] Priestess of Iuno Argiva Apollo at Delphos the first & gave answers of the Oracle to to Acrisius. at Delphos in A Phocis in Achaia. Abas the father of Arisius built Abæ in Phocis & therefore reigned there.
Vpon the death of Acrisius
Acrisius reigned at Argos & his brother Prætus at left his kingdom to his grandon Perseus but Perseus changed kingdoms with Meisapenthes the son of Prætus æ reigned at Mycenas & was there succeeded by his son Sthenelus & he by Mastor & he by Electryo the father of Alcmena & he by Sthenelus the father of Eurystheus son of Perseus & Andromeda & father of Triapas the son of Agenor Phorbas might be succeeded in Rho by his father son Triopas in Rhodes: But for Agenor the son of Triopas invaded Argos wthwith a great multitude of horse, but wthwith what success I know not. Danaus
Danaus came into Greece a year or two after Sesac returned the return of Sesac into Ægypt as above, that is about the 16th year of Rehoboam. He succeeded Gelanor the brother of Eurystheus at Argos, & Gelanor was the son & successor of Sthenelus the son of Perseus the grandon of Per Acrisius And Acrisius & Prætus were the sons of Abas the Son of Lynceus. But this Lynceus was not the same with Lynceus the son of Ægyptus the brother of Danaus but an Egyptian as old as Phoronaus.
SrSir I Iust receiued a letter from my Son who is at Frederickshall in Norway it requires an answer by to morrow Post I would Gladly SrSir see you this euening or to morrow to aduise wthwith you about yethe business he hath wrot & am your most Humble Seruant Fra: Cressener
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Doctisime ac Erudissime Domine
Fama nomeng tuum, quod a longo qam tempore Totum teriarum orbem impleoit, ansam mihi proberat ut hæc tibi Supplax traderem, exoran, ut me one Dientelam patiocinning, tuum Suscipere digneris. Tantus meus Amor in ea studi quas de tam celebrem Reddiderunt, et in queis tu Sactissimorum omnium Judicio maxime excellis & ut totum Vita meas Tempus tibi darre et in Seruilijs tun pionere Summa gaudio Ducerem, persuasumqque tibi habeas uelim me tantum benificium ateina Culturum memoria Tui Serua ami Hicsla
Pag. 20. l. 3 I have now carried up the Chronology of Greece as high as to the Trojan war & the Argonautic expedition & by arguments taken from Astronomy & from the length of generations & of the reigns of kings according to the course of nature & ytthat of generations setled it I think without the error of above one generation. For the Greeks before the times of the Persian Empire recconed only by generations & therefore it is not to be expected that their records alone can furnish us with any exacter sort of recconing. But the Hebrews had a chronology by yeare long before the Greeks, & it remains now that I try to settle the ChrologyChronology of the Greeks a little better & carry it up a little higher by comparing their affairs with those of the Hebrews & their neighbours set down in sacred history.
The expedition of Sesostris – of Artaxerxes Mnemon p. 26. l. 34.
p. 26. l. 34 I have now carried up the Chronology of the Greeks as high as to the [ing flight of the Phenicians Sidonians wthwith Cadmus & Europa into Greece wchwhich was in the from David & victories of David & their coming into Greece] the flight of the Sidonians from to Tyre, Aradus, Silicia Caria, Crete, Samothrace & Greece with Cadmus, Europa, & that the Idæi Dactyli about the invasion of the nations by Sesac or Sesostris in the 5 between the 5t & 14th year of Rehoboam; & the coming revolt of the Edomites from the Iews Ioram whereby the Tyrians were driven from the red sea & began a trade upon the mediterranean wchwhich was 14 t & built Carthage, Carteia & Gades, wchwhich was soon after the Trojan war within one generation after the Trojan war. It remains now that I settle the chronology of some other affairs of the Greeks contemporary to these.
Iosephus tells of an earlier Herculus to whom Hiram king Tyre built a temple in Tyre & perhaps there might be an earlier other Tyrian Hercules who set on foot their trade on the red sea in consumation with David & Solon
And St Austin confirms this by telling us that the common people of ths being asked what they were, replied KCanaani, that is KCanaanites. Interrogati rustici, saith he oseri, saith he, quid sint Punice respondentes Chanani, corrupta scilicet voce, sicut in talibus solet, quid aliud respondent quam Chananæi? And Procopius tells us of two Pillars in the western part of Afric with inscriptions signifying that the people were Canaanites & fled from Ioshua.
& the expulsion of the shepherds out of Ægypt wchwhichgave the first occasion of the coming of Ægyptians into Greece & of the first building of houses & villages in Greece was scarce earlier then the days of Samuel & Eli.
– probably the Tyrian Hercules went first to Afric & the coast of Afric & left Dido there. For Carthage paid tenths to this Hercules & sent their payments yearly to Tyre. Vide Bochart in Canaan l. 1. c. 24
And by their assis Cadmus first found out gold the work of gold in the mountain Pangæus & the Idæi Dactyli iron in Crete, & th in Thrace, & that of copper at Thebes: whence the copper ore is called still called Cadmia.
p. 21 & sequ.
23 Androgeus the eldest son of Minos &c.
32 Rehoboam was born in the last year &c.
4 Trogus in his 18th book tells us &c.
5 The Sidonians being still possest &c.
6 Strabo mentioning the first men &c.
1 Tatian in his book
7 When Sesostris returned into Ægypt &c.
8 Polydorus the son of Cadmus &c.
9 In the days of Erechtheus &c.
10 Dardanus Erechtheus Tros Ilus Laomedon & Poianus &c.
11 In the time of the Argonautic expedition Castor & Pollux &c.
12 Pelops came into Peloponnesus
Celeus king of Eleusis
For between the reign of Cranaus
The first kings of Arcadia &c.
Herodotus tells us
The two first kings of Crete
Lucian lets us know &c
l. 57. that is, thirty years after the return of S 14th year of Rehoboam in wchwhich Sesostris returned into Egypt & left Prometheus at mount Caucasus, & by consequence & forty & four years after the death of Solomon. And this is the cheif period of time which I designed to settle.
p. 22. l. 25. Add: By reason of his great conquests he was celebrated in several nations by several names, the Arabians calling him Bacchus from the word Bacche wchwhich in their language signifies The great & the Phrygians calling & Thracians calling him Mars from their word Ma-fors or Mavors wchwhich signifies The valiant: the Assyrians & chaldeans calling him Belus from wchwhich word wchwhich signifies the Lord, the Egyptians before his reign calling him their Hero or Hercules & after his death deifying him by the name of Sihor whence came his name Osiris.
The Phenician Hercules is famous for his voyage through the straits where (upon the island to wchwhich he gave the Phenician name of Gadira) he built a Temple, as the etymologist assures us from Claudius Solaus. Cumberland upon Sanchoniatho, pag. 159.
The shepherds in Ægypt are in Manetho's 16th dynasty called Phenician strangers. Ib. p. 362.
Aradus was built by men who fled from Tyre. Bochart. Phaleg. p. 346.
p. 25. And Pliny concerning a little island neare it: Erythia dicta est quoni Tyrij ab origine eorum orti ab Erythræo marè ferebantur. It is called Erythia because the Tyrians originally came from the red sea
p. 26. l. 34. add after Artaxerxes Memnon add: Certainly this Hercules could not be older then the Trojan war because the Tyrians did not begin to trade upon navigate the mediterranean till after that war & their Hercules commanded them & was buried in Gades. So Melas speaking of the Temple of Hercules in Gades, saith, cCur sanctum sit, ossa ejus ibi sita efficiunt. Iosephus tells us of a much older Hercules to wchwhich Hiram rebuilt a temple in Tyre. But Tyre it self was an inconsiderable town before the days of Abibalus & Hyram.
p. 20. l. 49. after the same city. add. The expedition of Sesostris was therefore between the s
Andromeda the wife of Perseus was the daughter of Cepheus an Egyptian the son of Belus. (according to Herodotus) & the Egyptian Belus was Ammon. Perseus took her from Ioppa where Cepheus (the brother of Solomons Queen) resided in the days of Solomon., he being the brother of Solom
Androgene the eldest son of Minos – & the death of his father Ægeus was about nine or ten years after the death of Solomon.
The Sidonians bet were possesetd of the Mediterranean
I have now carried up the Chronology of the Greeks as high as high as to the founding of the kingdom of Macedon by Caranus, the first Messenian war the legislature of Lycurgus, the age of Iphitus, the death of Codorus, the return of the Heraclides into Peloponnesus, the siege of Troy, the Argonautic expedition, the coming of Danaus into Greece, the invasion of the nations of Phœnicia, Persia, India, Syria Asia & Greece by Sesostris, the victory of Theseus over the Minotaur, the loss of his mistress Ariadne & the death of his father Ægeus. And I have setled it by concurrent arguments taken Astronomy, & from the length of the reign of kings according to the course of nature, & from the time of the expedition of Sesos [& from the testimony of Herodotus & Thucydides the oldest Historians now extant], & from the time of the expedition of Sesostris set down in scripture For the sacred history of Israel the Iews, & the long reign of the shepherds in Egypt before it grew into a the erecting of the Egyptian monarchy, do not admit of consist with any earlier invasion of the oriental nations by the Egyptians, then that of Sesac under Sesac called Sesostris by the Greeks & Bacchus by the Arabians in the fift year reign of Rehoboam. From that year count nine years to the return of Sesostris into Ægypt & his leaving Prometheus at mount Caucasus, & thirty years more to the releasing of Promotheus by Hercules the Argonaut; & the recconing weill place the aArgonautic expedition 44 years after the death of Solomon.
Androgeus the eldest son of Minos –
Trogus in his 18th book tells us –
The Sidonians Tyrians tya Sidonians –
Saul & David wasere an enemy to the Philistims,
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For SrSir Isaac Newton There
The histories of the Persians now extant represent that the oldest dynasties of the kings of Persia were those whom they called Pischdadians & Kaianides & that the Dynasty of the Kaianides immediately succeeded that of the Pischdadians. They derive the name Kaianides from the word Kai wchwhich they say in the old Medo Persian language signified a Giant or great king. And they call the first g kings of this Dynasty Kai-Cobad, Kai-Caus, Kai-Cosroes, Lohorastp, Kishlasp, Bahaman, And they say that Bahaman was Ardschir Diras that is Artaxerxes Longimanus, & Kishlasp they make contemporary to Ezra Ozair or Ezra & to Zaradust & therefore to Histaspis.
The histories of the Persians now extant give the name of [Kaianides to the kings of the Medes & Persians & that of] Pischdadians to the kings of Assyria & made some of the reckon them their oldest kings & make some of them reign a
calling the kings of Assyria Pischdadians & making some of them reign a thousand years a piece
– calling the King of the Medes & Persians Kaianides & those of the Assyrians Pischdadians & making the Kaianides to reign about an hundred or an hundred & twenty years a piece & the Pischdadians four or five hundred yeares a piece or above
The Persian historians a pres
The Persians in their histories now extant, represent that their oldest Empire was that of the Pischdadians & that this empire was immediately succeeded by that of the Kaianides, & the name Kaiaanides they deduce from the word Kai wchwhich they say in the old Persian language signified a giant or great king. And they call the first ten number eight kings of this Dynasty & call them Kai-Cobad, Kai-Caus, CKai-Cosroes, Lohorasp, [Kishlasp or Darius Hystaspis Bahaman or Aroschir Diras that is Artaxerxes Long. , Darab the bastard son of Ardschir Diraz or Darius Nothes & Darab who was conquered by Ascander Roumi, or Darius Codomannus. They know nothing of the kings between these two Dariuses, nor & confound Darius Hystaspis with Darius the Mede. By Lohorasp they mean Cy-Axeres. For they make him] Kishlasp or Darius Hystaspes, Ardschir Diraz or Artaxerxes Longimanus, Darab the bastard son of Ardshichir or Darius Nothus, & Darab who was conquered by Alexander the great, or Darius Codomannus. They say that Lohorasp was contemporary to Nebuchadnezzar whom The kings between these two Darius's they omit & they confound Darius Medus with Darius Hystapis. They say that Lohorasp was contemporary contemporary to Nebuchadnezzar the first of their kings who reduced their armies to good order & discipline, & Herodotus affirms the same of Cyaxeres. They say also that he was contemporary to Nebuchadnezzar & therefore he was Nebu Cyaxeres. Whence its probable And the name Cyaxeres being or Kai-Axeres being compounded of the word Kai shows that he was one of the Kaianides. Whence its probable that that the three first of them were his three predecessors Dejoces, Phraortes, & Astyages, & that the Pischdadians were the kings of Assyria called in scripture Pul, Tiglathpilsaser, Salmanassar Sennacherib, Asserhadon. And these are the oldest kings now remembered by the Persians in their histories.
The mountain Parnassus had two tops very high, ay Pausanias in Phocicis, Suidas in Παρνάσισι. the one dedicated to Apollo the other to Bacchus. And thence Lucan bb Lucan. lib. 5. calls it Mons Bromio Phœboque sacer. Sec Notæ historicæ de Chron Mar. p. 101.
Cecrops married the daughter of & succeeded him in the kingdom of Attica.
For when all other people (that I may say in one word) accomodate their months to the course of the Moon, we alone with the Egyptians measure the days of the year by the course of the Sun.
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Worthy SrSir The Improuement of Nauigation has been the study of seueral Ingenious Mathematicians of late years, and although some of their Inuentions haue fallen short of the end proposed, the Authors of them haue been rewarded for their good Endeauours; which together with the hopes that I haue Discouered a real Improuement, makes me bold to trouble your Worship.
I haue taken great pains, and haue been at some charge in this Art, the Pamphlet Intitled Mercator Improued is part of my small Performances, the Instrument therein Described is not yet truly made, for I find it difficult to get a new deuice done according to directions.
I haue likewise finished the Description of a new Instrument to take the Altitude of the Sun without a Horizon, as mentioned at the end of my book; the which Description if your Worship pleas to appoint some person to Inspect, we will get a compleat Instrument made to lay before your Worship, and the Lords of the AdmiraltryAdmiralty; and that it may answer the end proposed, is not only the desire, but sure and certain hope, of him who desires nothing more than worthily to subscribe him self; SrSir February: 25 your most humble, and most obedient seruant.Barth: Goodday
P S I haue desired a friend of mine who is acquainted with Mr Edw: Jones, to beg the fauour of his approbation.
If I goe into yethe Compter it will kill me seeing so many dye of the spotted Feauour
Ctesias writes that Arbaces a Mede being admitted to see Sardanapalus in his Palace living voluptuously amongst weomen revelted with the Meds & in conjunction with Belesis a Babylonian overcame him & caused him to set fire in his palace & burn himself with his Palace thereon [& that Arbaces made Belesis king of the Babyl Assyrians] but he is contradicted by authors of better credit For Duris & many others wrote that Arbaces upon being admitted into the Palace of Sardanapalus & seeing his effeminate life among weomen, slew himself or perhaps was slain. Cleitarchus that Sardanapalus died of old age after he had lost his dominion over Syria. And Herodotus that the Medes first & other nations after their example revolted from the Assyrians without conquering them, that the Medes revolted first & by force of arms defended their liberty & gave occasion to other nations to revolt & when they first & that the Medes when they first & when they first revolted, had no king but after some time set up Dejoces over them whose grandson son Praortes & built Ecbatane & that the his Cyaxers grandson Cyaxeres the grandson of Dejoces conquered them Assyrians. The Scythians of Turan – – – – at Babylon above mentioned. In the book of Iudeth Arphaxad king of the Medes is said to have built Ecbatane & therefore he reigned soon after the revolt & was either the same king with Dejoces or rather with who built that city, or rather with his son Praortes who might finish it. For both Phraortes & Arpaxad made war upon the Assyrians & both of them were slain in that war. The revolt of the Medes Nations from Assyria happened in the year of Nabonassar 81
And Herodotus that the Medes were the first who revolted from the Assyrians & that by force of arms they defended their liberty lived some time without a king & then elected Dejoces their king who Media & built Ecbatane & & that after their example of the Medes other nations revolted afterwards & & that the successors of Dejoces had wars with the Assyrians & at length conquered them & erected a great Empire: wchwhich is the truth. The revolt of the Medes seems to have been upon happened upon the flight overthrow & death flight of Sennacherib from Iudea. & For at that time the Estate of Sennacherib was troubled so that Tobit could not go into Media as he had done before (Tobit 1.15.) & sometime after advised his son to go into Media where there should be peace while Nineveh should be destroyed. The revolt of the other western nations of Syria & Egypt was towards the end of the reign of Sardanapalus according to Eupolemus Cleitarchus
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The kings who reigned in Media after the revolt were Dejoces, Phraortes, Astyages, Cyaxeres & Darius. Those who reigned at Nineveh were Asserhadon, Saosduchinus, Nebuchadonosor & Sarao & those at Babylon Asserhadon Saosduchinus, Chiniladon Nabonassar & Nebuchadnezzar with his sons.
Phraortes was therefore slain in yethe 65th or 6th year of Iosias. He reigned 20 22 years acorrding to Herodotus & therefore succeeded his father Dejoces about the 40th or 26th year of Manassaes, & Dejoces who began his reign according to Herodotus about 413 years before [& therefore the Medes revolted from the Assyrians about 20 years before they chose a king. Phraortes was succeed by Astyages Soon after the death of Phraortes the Scythians under Madyes – – in Parthis.] that is about the 16th year of Hezekiah. Which makes it probable hi that the Medes dated his reign the 53 years from the time of the revolt. Soon after the death of Phraorortes, the Scythians under Madyes – – – – in Parthia
within 65 years after the invasion of Iuda by Isra Pekah & Rezin kings of Israel & Samaria & Damascus, / wchwhich was in the F 1st or 2d year of Ahaz. Samarias was to cease to be a people, & this happened by the captivating of the remainder Israel & placing these nations in their room about the 20 year of Manasses.
For SrSir Isaac Newton at his house in St Martins lane nigh Leisterffields These
We may reccon therefore that Ieshua continued in the High priesthood till about the twentith year of Darius Hystaspis Eliasib Iojakim till about the tenth year of Xerxes, Eliasib till about the 40th year of Artaxerxes Longimanus, Iojada till about the tenth year of Darius Nothus, Iohanan till about the eighteenth year of Darius Nothus, Iadua till about the 30th year of Artaxerxes Mnemon. Onias till about the 20th year of Artaxerxes Ochus & Simeon justus till about twenty or thirty years after the death of Alexander yethe great.
SrSir Isaac Newton
SrSir March 20 Under the most grateful sense of YrYour great kindness; & thankful Acknowledgments for your repeated fauours, I humbly beg a Continuance of your Bounty to SrSir YrYour most obliged H:Humble Seruant. J: Arnold.
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SrSir NouNouember 6th I beg leaue to trouble you with a line or two which being on a particular Occasion I hope you will be pleas'd to excuse. I haue been 4 or 5 Years at Islington in wchwhich Time I haue contracted some small debts; I am now upon clearing them wchwhich will be no small satisfaction to me, under a difficulty arising thereforerom I apply to your goodness to wchwhich I haue receiu'd such great Assistance – I earnestly request your help at this time & tho I forbear using words that may be displeasing thro their too great Earnestness, yet I beg leaue to giue you a solemn Assurance that I will upon no Account be preuaild on to ask yryour bounty after
this Time – I humbly ask yryour pardon that I take yethe Liberty of informing yoyou ytthat 40 shill. would be at this Juncture be of Signal Seruice SrSir Yr most obl.doblidged HlHumble sertseruant J: Arnold
They seem here to make two Belus's, the one the father of Ægyptus & Danaus & son of Neptune, the other the father of Osiris Isis & Neptune. & And hence came to the opinio & the people of Naxus that there were two Minos's & two Ariadness, the one two generations older then the other, wchwhich we have confuted.
The Egyptians here seem to make two Beluses, the one the father of Osiris Isis & Neptune, the other the son of Neptune & father of Ægyptus & Danaus. And hence came the opinion of the people of Naxus, that there were two Minoses & two Ariadnes the one two generations older then the other: which we have confuted. The father of Ægyptus & Danaus was the father of Osiris Isis & Neptune Typhon & Typhon was Neptune. not the grandfather of Neptune but Neptune himself.
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Mr of the Crown office Mr Fowles Clerk to yethe Comptroller
To SrSir Isaac Newton present
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Now In conjecturing therefore at yethe length of ancient times by the number of Kings reigning successively, if we allow 20 years a piece for every reign one wthwith as a another as a moderate recconing agreable according to yethe usual course of nature the seven Kings of Rome preceding the first Consul Iunius Brutus will take up about 140 years & according to this recconing Rome will be founded an 1 Olymp 33 which is just 600 years before the greatness of Iulius Cæsar as Iulian in Saturna libus puts it. And the 14 Kings of the Latines succeedin between this period & Æneas will take up 280 years more & so place the death of Æneas about 55 years later then the reign death of Solomon. Whence the warr of Troy was many years also later then S after Solomons the reign of Rehoboam.
Again between Menelaus Orestes the son of Agamemnon & Cleomenes kings of Lacedemon there reigned 176 Kings & [the same number of Kings reigned over the Mycenæ & Corinth between Orestes &] after Tisamenes who was the first of them
Again in Lacedemon after Menelaus & his Son Orestes & grandson Tisamenes
Again in Lacedemon over the Mycenæ after Menelaus reigned his Euris Orestes, Tisamenes, Euristhenes, Agis, Echestratus, Labotas, Doryssus, Agesilaus, Archelaus, Teleclus, Alcamenes reigned his daughters husband Orestes & then the kingdome became divide who was succeeded by who left the kingdom divided between Tisamenes & Penthilus, and Tisamenes Tisamenes was succeeded by the sons Eurysthenes & Procles the sons of Aristademus. After Eurysthenes reigned Agis, Echestratus, Labotas, Doryssus, Agrilaus, Archelaus Telecles, Alcmenes Polydorus, Eurycrates, Anaxander, Eurycrates, Leon, Anaxandrides, Cleomenes, Leonidas. And after Tisamenes another Procles re successively & after Procles reigned Euripon Soos in another line, Euripon, Prytanis, Eunomus, Polydectes Charillus Nicander Theopompes Zeuxidamus, Anaxidamus, Archidamus, Agasicles, Aristo, Damaratus, Leotychides, Zeuxidamus Archidamus Agis Agesilaus. And Tisame Penthilus was succeeded by Echelatus, Grais Leonides in his old age was slain by the Persians in the battel at Thermophylæ an 1 Olymp 75 & Cleomenes was contemporary to Darius the sons of Pisistratus & to Darius Hystaspis. for he freed Athens from the Tyranny of the sons of Pisistratus & persuaded imprisoned the Princes of the Island Egyna Aegena because they f favoured the Medes & had persuaded their citizens to send grant fire & water to Darius Hystaspis If To the seventeen kings between Menelaus & Cleomenes we allow a reign of 20 years a piece one with another that is of 340 years & in all & count those years backward from yethe beginning of the reign of Darius Hystaspis the death of Menelaus will fall upon yethe year of yethe Iulian Period 3852 which is 120 years after yethe death of Solomon. And the same recconing may be gathered from another race of seventeen kings from b of the Spartans between Menelaus & Demarates who was also contemporary to Darius Hystaspis
Pausan Lacon.Again over Again inAgain So in the Kingdom of the Spartans [between Menelaus & Cleomenes reigned seventeen kings & between Me] after Menelaus reigned O first successively Orestes & then Tisamenus & after them two races of kings fifteen fifteen kings in each untill each untill the of wchwhich was fifteen kings reign of Darius Hystaspis. In The sixteenth king in one race was Cleomenes was the sixteenth king & in yethe other race Demaratus was yethe sixteenth king & Clomenes & Demaratus were contemporary to Darius Hystaspis Hystaspis so ytthat by a double recconing there were 17 successions of kings to each between Menelaus & Darius wchwhich by recconing 20 years a piece one wthwith another will take up 374 years & so place yethe death of Menelaus in yethe ab about 120 years after the death of Solomon.
And Again in Corinth by betw & thethis & by taking a mean between this & the former recconing the warr of Troy ough was will be later then death of Solomon Reign of Rehoboam the death of Solomon by about 70 years or 80 years.
Plutarch in the life of Homer places the taking of Troy one hundred years before the Olympiads that is in the 106 years after the death of Solomon.
Virgil represents Æneas the voyage of Æneas from Troy contemporary to Dido's reign in Afric & she fled from Tyre to Afric in the 7th year of ther broth reign of her brother Pygmaleon wchwhich year was 90 years after the reign
reign of Solomon, as is plain appears by yethe Tyrian records cited by Iosephus. Virgil indeed writes a Romance but Romances
Tatian in his book against the Greeks relatesEuseb. Præp. l. 10. c. 11. that amongst the Phœnicians flourished three historians Theodotus Hypsicrates & Moc whose books were translated into Greek by Asitus, & in all their histories they shewed that under some one of the kings happened the rapture of Europa, the voyages of Menelaus into Phœnicia & the league & friendship story of Hiram marrying his daughter to Solomon king of yethe Iudeewsa & freely furnished him with wood all manner of Timber for the Temple: wchwhich things Menander of Pergamus also mentions in his writings. [Now the voyage of Menelaus being of no moment to the Phenicians its probable ytthat only the rapture of Europa & league of Hiram wasere only noted inby their Phenicians in their Annals.] This record being founded upon the Tyrian Annals of those times seems to me of very great authority. But while the Historians say that all those things happened together under one of the Kings it seems to me that the rapture of Europa & the voyage of Menelaus (which by the series of things done between them were at a greater distance from one another then the length of one kings reign) happened were not both recorded in the Phe annals. The voyage of Menelaus being of no was not of such moment to the Phenicians was see that they should record it. The Historians seem to have found only in the Annals the rapture of Europa joyned with the story of Solomons yethe league & friendship & friendship between Hiram & Solomō & to have added the voyage of Menelaus by as a thing done wchwhich happened soon after & therefore we may place the rapture of Europa about the 3d or 4th year of Solomons reign. Now if we may reccon that Minos was born about three or four years after yethe rapture of his Mother Europa, that he was about 25 years old when his eldest son olten ssiō Androgeus was born, that Androgeus was about 24 years old when he became victor at Athens in the Panathænean & was thereupon slain, Agon that the warr of Minos against Athens for yethe dea murder of his son Androgeus took up 3 or 4 years more, & that the tribute of Children paid by Athens to Minos every eight years took up 16 years more untill Theseus (in the 3d payment) overcame the Minotaure, That Theseus was then then about 30 years old & after 240 years more stole Helena. For he was 50 years old when he stole her , & Helena was then unripe being about 10 years old, that after about 10 years more Helena was stole by Paris from her husbandfrom Meneales & after 20 years more Troy was destroyed. for Homer in yethe last year of that warr Homer1λ.ω. makes Helena to have been 20 years out of Greece : & All these years summed up together make about 16 122 years between the rapture of Europa & the destruction of Troy, wchwhich years being counted from the third or fourth year of Solomons reign when Hyiram supplied Solomon with Timber for yethe Temple, end will place the destruction of Troy about 90 86 years after the death of Solomon.
The like number of years may be gathered by the generations between Europa & the Trojan war. For Sarpedon (King of Lycia) the son of Evandrus the son of Sarpedon the son of Europa was at the Trojan war being king of Lycia & so was Idomeneus the son of Deucalion the son of Minos the son of Europa & Agamemnon the son of EAerope dathe daughter of Crateus the son of Minos & Demophoon & Acamas the sons of Phædra the daughter of Minos. And this Minos was the son of Europa. Some make this Minos the grandson of another Minos the son of Europa but Homer
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burning. And in this state Greece continued till the Phenicians under Cadmus in came with Cadmus in yethe reign of David & brought in letters & metals & corn & agriculture & metals & armour, navigation & navigation & merchandise & Astronomy & poetry & musick & Astronomy dancing & astronomy & armour & architecture & riding in chariots & fairs for buying & selling, & the Amphictyonic council chariots &, festivals & Olympic co compet games, festivals, sacred rites & mysteries & initiation & sacred mysteries & humane sacrifice & fairs for buying & selling, & other arts & sciences & customes of the Gre Phœnicia. & occasioned the erecting of yethe Amphictyonic council & at the same time gave occasion to the erecting of the Amphictyonic Council. For all these things came up in the reign of David & Solomon. The riches of Phenicia consisted pretty much much in metals as may appear by the spoiles wchwhich David took from his enemies. He took very much copper from the Syrians the countrymen of Cadmus & Toi king of Hamath sent him a present of all manner of vessels of gold silver & copper & all this David dedicated to the Lord with the silver & gold that he had taken from al the nations, from Syria Edom & Moab & Ammon & the Philistims & Amalec amounting to 100000 talents of gold & 1000000 talents of Silver & brass & iron without weight. And this sort of riches made the Phenicians skillful in minerals & excocting & workman manufacting metals & put Cadmus & his colonies up searching in mountains for them. And first And Cadmus found gold & copper whence the copperstone has ever since been called Cadmia. ‡‡And Copper being once found the Phenicians were skilfull in casting it into all sorts of utensils & tools & armour. 1 King 7.14. Erechth found silver whence & from his sacrificing his daughter I gather that he was a Phenician tho Diodorus saith he was an Egyptian. The Idæi Dactyli found Iron in Crete & the making of edged tools thereof, gave Mino & having found it the Phenicians were skilfull in manufacturing it & for hewing & carving of wood This put the Phenicians upon searching in the mountains of Greece for metals & the invention of iron & copper wchwhich laid yethe foundation of many other in Crete gave a beginning to edged tools for hewing & carving of wood & making ships gave Minos an opportunity of f building a fleet & gaining yethe dominion of the Greek seas before any other Prince of greece. At that Then At that time time Cinyras invented the Anvil & Hammer & Tongues & Laver & the making of Tyles; & Dædalus & his Nephew Talus invented the chip Axe & saw & wimble & perpendicular & compas & turning lath & glue & the Potters wheel the invention of these things gave a beginning to set up the trades of smiths & cap carpenters in Greece which laid are the foundation of all other manual arts.
Herodotus tells usHerod l. 5. that the Phenicians who came wthwith Cadmus brought many doctrines into Greece & StraboStrabo l. 10 p 473 that the Idæi Dactyli were the first who found out & wrought iron & the working of it & & invented many other things usefull to life ;[ &Strabo l. 14 p 654 that the Telchines also excelled in arts & were among the first who found out wrought iron & brass & that these Idæi & Techines] & for their skill & knowledge were accounted conjurers. & the first And Clemens AlexandrinusClements. strom 1 that some more fabulously think that some of the yethe Idæi Dactyli were reported to be the first who wise men who to whom both yethe letters wchwhich they call Ephesian æ yethe invention of musical rihimes is referred, for wchwhich reason they are called Dactyli by Musitcians. Clemens calls em Bar barbarians & Phrygians but By their bringing letters into Crete you may know that they were originally Phœnicians & came into Crete about yethe same time that Cadmus came into Greece touching upon the coast of Phrygia in their way thither , & by the calling those letters Ephesian is implied by those letters being called Ephesian may be gathered that other Phenicians taught yethe like letters at Ephesus. And what is here said of their bringing in Music & Rhimes is confirmed by others. So Solinus:Solin. Polyhist. c 11 Studium musicum inde cæptum cum Idæi Dactyli modulos crepitu & tinnitu æris deprehensos in versificum ordinem transtulissent. And Origin:Origen l 14 c. 6 Studium musicum ab Idæis Dactylis captum. By Davids skill on the Harp we learn that the playing on that instrument was then in good perfection in Palæstina & accordingly the family of in the days of Saul & thence it came to pass that soon after the coming of the Phenicians into Europe Amphion a Theban of the family of Cepheus Cadmus was celebrated grew famous for his skill on yethe Harp & was the first man among the Greeks who is celebrated for his skill in yethe playing on that instrument. And as the Tyrians celebrated games every 4th year in honour of their Hercules2 Maccab. 4. so the The Idæi Dactyli were also reputed the first who institutedPausan. l. 5. c. 7 the Olympic games every 4 years in Crete in honour of their Hercules every four years & therefore & were ther first who celebrated such games in Europe whence I learn that they brought in also the Tetraeteris of the ancient Greeks & Octaeteris or cycle of four lunisolar years & the Octaeteris or cycle of eight years. After the example of these years instituted in Crete. For Minos their disciple used the Octaeteris as above. [After their example Clymenus & Pelops & others instituted the like games in Peloponnesus] They Some say that When the Idæi Dactyli came from Phrygia into Crete æ perhaps they might touch upon that coast in their way to Crete & there leave they seem to have left there yethe Curetes or Corybantes a people perfectly like themselves as were also the Telchines in Phrygia Rhodes & the Cabibri in Samothrace & Lemnos & Imbrus & the Cities about Troy. The Telchines in Rhodes came last from Cyprus & found out iron & brass in Rhodes & danced in armour & excelled in arts & were accounted conjurers like Idæi Dactyli in Crete & Bochartus proves that yethe Dij Cabiri in Samothrace were the Gods of Berylus in Phenicia, & that the names of those Gods were Phœnician. & Strabo gives this account of all these people tells us that some make the Corybantes, the Idæi Dactyli, Cabyri, the Idæi Dactyli & the Telchines to be same with the Curetes others make them akin to one another & distinguisht with little differences
And this is confirmed by ForPausan. l. 8. c. 4. Arcas was the father of Aphidamas the father of Aleus the father of Lycurgus the father of Ancæus who was one Cypheus & Auge. And Auge lay with Hercules & Ancæus the son of Lycurgus was one of yethe Ar the companion of Hercules in the Argonautic expedition & a little after was slain b in hunting the Chalydonian boar in the life time of his father Lycurgus. Arcas was between 3 and 4 generations or abo flourished a little above three & under four generations or about 95 years before the Argonautic expedition. Echemus the Granson of Cepheus slew Hyllus the son of Her & Echemus yethe grandson of Cepheus slew Hyllus the son of Hercules. And therefore And therefore Arcas [left a left a young child Agapenor who warred at Troy being grown up went to yethe war at Troy & afterwards led a colony to Cyprus] & Echemus the grandson of Cepheus And therefore Arcas was therefore slew Hyllus the son of Hercules. And therefore Arcas was therefore – about four generations or 1067 years older then Hercules th or about 345 years old in the middle of Davids reign. Agapenor was the father of Ancæus left a young child Agapenor who being grown up went to yethe war at Troy & afterwards led a colony to Cyprus [Paphus in Cyprus & there built a Temple to Venus. A] Cyprus.
So then Ericthonius is Erechtheus & what ever is said of Erichthonius is to be understood of Erechtheus, as that he led a colony into Eubœa (Pausan l. 1. c. 5.) that he was a son of the earth or born of Parents unknown to yethe Greeks that he was born in the days of yethe daughters of Cecrops & therefore was at about the gen was ab about two generations younger then Cecrops, that that he led a Colony into Eubœa (Pau l. 1. c. 5) & & that he was the first among the Greeks who joynd four horses in a chariot & instituted the Games of racing called Pana Athenæa & afterwards Panathenæa & that Pausan & that he conspired against Amphictyon & opprest him. Pausan l. 1. c. 2. Diodorus calls Erechtheus an Egyptian. But considering that he sa he came into Greece about the same time wthwith Cadmus & yethe Phenicians & instituted the said instituted games be kept every 8 years 4 or 8 years, & sacrificed his daughter I take him to be a Phœnician.
6 Before the coming of Cadmus into Greece yethe Greeks had no Smiths nor carpenters neither Chariots nor artificers to make chariots any & therefore Erechthonius was not ancienter then Cadmus
Amphictyon primes filius Hellenis secundus filius Deucalionis. Dionys.
Some say that Triptolemus was the son of Celeu Rharus by the daughter of Amphictyon (Hesych in Ράρœς. Pausan. in Atticis but thats to be understood by the interposition of Celeus, for he was the most agree that he Triptolemus was the son of Celeus (Pausan ib. for the Athenians accounted him Triptolemus the son of Celeus (Pausan ib. Servius. ) & Pampus an old Poet says he was the son of Celeus & Meganira (Pausan l 1 c 39.
6 The Greeks had no chariots before the Coming of Cadmus nor tools of iron to smiths & carpenters to make any, nor iron tools to work iron not being then found out. the invention of iron being later. And therefore twas Erechtheus who joynd 4 horses to a chariot
7 Amphictyon the successor of Cranaus was the son of Hellen & by consequence contemporary to Æolus Xuthus Dorus & Xuthus the other sons of Hellen & to Erechtheus their contemporary There was another Amphictyon the son of Deucalion in the days of Bacchus.
So then what yethe Greeks say of Erechthonius.
At that T At that time the Tyrians peopled built yethe City & in the Islands Gades neare in the Erythra or Gades in the Island of that name without & Erythra in the ocean yethe mouth of the straits & called it Erythra or Gades & there built there they built also a Temple to the Tyrian Hercules & adorned it with various sculptures of & gifts as of the horses of Diomedes twelve labours of Hercules & his Hydra & the Horses to whom he threw Diomedes to be devoured & the horses of Diomedes the golden belt of Teuces & the golden olive of Pygmaleion with smaragdine berrys by wthwith the guifts of Teucer & Pygmaleon you may know that this Temple was built in their reign days of Pygmaleon & Teucer [This navigation seems ioned by the flight of Dido who carried fled carrie through all the straits in pursuit of Dido who seems in quest of Dido who fled from Tyre wthwith her brothers the ships & wealth of her brother. And [hence forward the navigation & trade of yethe Tyrians began by degrees to be celebrated. For they did not grow famous for navigation till after the days of Homer] & But the discoveries they made in the sea coasts giving occasion to the building of new cities in several places laid the foundation of that navigation & trade for wchwhich the Tyrians afterwards grew famous. For they did not grow famous for navigation till after the days of Homer who aft celebrates Sidon only but makes no mention of Tyre.] These Tyrians b built Gades some Pliny Solinus & Isidorus tell us that the Tyrians who built Gades came Erythrea at Gades had its name from the Tyrians who came from the Erythræan sea that is they were from the Erythræans who sailed in the fleet of Hiram & Solomon but afterwards quitted those seas & came to yethe mediterranean. For Iehosaphat built ships at Ezion Geber to go to Tarshish in yethe reign of Ahaziah that is king of Israel that is three or four years before the reign of Pygmaleon ( for Ahaziah reigned but two years) who reigned but two years & died about two years before the reign of Pigmaleon But the ships were s broken & went not: For the Edomites who had hitherto been governed by a deputy revolted & set up a king of their own, & by this revolted & set up a king of their own, & by this revolt the merchants of Iudah & Tyre were driven from the red sea. Hitherto Sidon had traded on the mediterranean & Tyre on yethe red sea, there being friendship between the Iews & Tyrians. And this is the reason why Homer makes no mention of the ians but celebrates Sidon for arts & navigation but makes no mention of Tyre made But now the Tyrians being driven from the red sea sought out began to madke long voiages on the mediterranean going to places not yet possest by the Sidonians & became more famous for their navigation upon it then yethe Sidonians were did before. And severe And this is the reason why Homer celebrates Sidon for arts & navigation but makes no mention of Tyre: For Tyre did not grow famous among the Greeks for these things till after Homers days. & gave yethe names of Erythia to Gades & of Tartessus or Tarshish to the river Bætis which flows into the ocean near Gades & to yethe Island & City at the mouth of that river. For here the Phœnicians Tyrians at their first coming found very much silver & therefore looked upon this place at their new Tarshish [Hence also it came to pass that several cities or places in the med Gades were called Erythria & Tartessus or Tarshish that the river Ba Gades & several other places in the mediterranean that the name of Tartessus or Tarshish was given to the river Bætis wchwhich flows into the ocean neare Gades & to a town the Island & city in the mouth of its & the city in yethe Island thar river For here the Phœnicians found much silver & other metalls at their first coming found very much silver was to load their ships & make anchors of the surplus wthwith it & therefore looked upon this place as their new Tarshish.] Aristotel (in libris mirabilium) tells us that the first Phenicians when they sailed to Tartassus purchassed so much silver for oyle & other naval trash that the ships could not carry it away, & therefore at their departure they made all their utensils
andeven their anchors of silver In capiter Bœticæ insula a continentai septingentis passibus memoratur quam Tyrij a mari rubo profecti Erythream, Pæni sua lingua Gadir id est sepem noncinarunt Solin cap 26. Erythia dicta est quoniam Tyrij aborigines earum, orti a rubro mari ferebantur Plin l. 4. c. 22
Pelops was the father of Pittheus the father of Æthra the mother of Theseus & therefore above 55 years older then Theseus. He was also the father of Atreus & Thyestes who dyed about 56 years after the death of Solomon. And therefore scarce above 75 years older then Theseus Let him be suppose about 65 years older then Theseus & he will be born about the 6t year of David.
And therefore
Whence I gather that Amphion killed Lycus & married Niobe about something above two 2 generations before yethe Argonautic expedition, & as much after the coming of Cadmus into Europe one of wchwhich generations being being by the other may be recconed at 28 years suppose about the 165 year of Solomons reign. Not much later because because his wife was he afterwards married Niobe the the sister of Pelops & Theseus was the son of Æthra the daughter of Pittheus the son of Pelops & therefore Pelops was above 56 years older then Theseus & so was born before the 13th year of David. Non much sooner
Whence I gather that Amphion therefore married Niobe
Niobe was therefore about two generations older then the Argonauts but Pelops was her brother Pelops was three generations older ynthen Theseus being the father of Pittheus the father Æthra the mother of Theseus, & yet but one generation older then Atreus & Thiyestes who died about 18 or 20 years before the destruction of Troy. T All wchwhich may be true supporting Pelops born about the 10th year of Davids reign & Niobe about 25 years after. For her husband Amphions was born before llth Laius being onetwo generation (or about 52 years) older then Eteocles & Polynices was born & as many younger then Polydorus was born about the tenth eighth year of P Solomons reign & the his birth interceded the birth of Amphion & Zethus & the slaughter of Lycus & if placed in the midd way between them the birth of Amphion & Zethus will fall upon the 3 Amphion will be born the 37th year of David & so be th younger then his wife Niobe.
– was one of yethe Argonauts. Amphion with almost all his family perished by yethe plague & Zethus soon after dying the Thebans – – – – Between born at Thebes. Polynices the second son of Oedipus fled to Argos in the reign of his father & there married the daughter of Adrastus king of Argos & upon the death of his elder brother Etroclus Oedipus returned to Thebes, but falling out – – – – leaving Tisamenus a young son under age to succeed him. [Now for stating the times of these things I would suppose that the Argonautic expedition the war of the 7 captains was as much after the Argonautic expedition as yethe war of their Epigoni was sons was before yethe beginning of the Trojan war that the birth of Laisus was in the & b that is about 47 years after the death of Solomon. And That yethe birth of Laius was in the mid way between the birth of Polydorus & that of Etrocles & Polynices that is about the 7th year of Solomon, & that & that it was also in the mid way between the birth of Amphion & Zethus, & the death of & Lycus therefore Amphion & Zethus were born about the & Nicteus & Epopeus slain about the 37th year of David. And that Niobe was of about the same age wthwith her husband Amphion bei she being two generations older then the Argonauts & ytthat her brother Pelops was about 265 years older. for the was three gener For Niobe was two generations older then the Argonauts being the s mother of Chlores the mother of Periclimenus: & Pelops was three generations older then Theseus being yethe father of Pittheus the father of Æthra the mother of Theseus & yet he was but one generation older then Atreus & Thyestes who died about 57 years after the death of Solomon.] If the birth of Lau
The death of Hercules happened four years before the d stealing of Helena by Paris according to Clemens, & soon after his death happened [first the battel between Theseus & Hyllus on one side & Eurystheyus king of yethe Myceneians on yethe other wherein the Heraclides assisted by the Athenians by the assistance of the Athenians overcame the Mycenians & slew Hyllus Eurystheus] successively the deaths of Eurystheus, Hyllus, Atreus & Tyestes. For Eurystheus king of the Mycenæ was slain in the battel by the Heraclides & Athenians under Hyllus & Theseus, Then Hyllus was slain in a single combat by Echemus, & then Atreus died & Paris stole Hellena about 57 years after the death of Helena Solomon.
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In the meane time Pharaoh Necho the successor of Psammiticus came also wthwith a great army out of Egypt against the King of Assyria & being denyed passage through Iudea beat the Iews at Megiddo or Magdolus before Egypt, slew Iosiah their king, marched to Carchemish or Cercutsitum a town of Mesopotamia upon Euphrates & took it, possest himself of the cities of Syria, sent for Iehoahaz the new king of Iudah to Riblah or Antioch, deposed him there, made Iehojakim king in the room of Iosiah & put the kingdom of Iudah to tribute.
But aa Eupolemus apud Euseb Præp. Evang l. 9. c. 39 2 King. 24. 2, 7. Dan 1.1, 2 Ier 46.2. Nebuchadnezzar a assisted by Astibares, king of the Medes king of the Medes in the cc Dan. 1.1 third year of Iehojakim, the bbbb Sedar Olā year after they had destroyed Nineveh, a came with an army of Babylonians, & Medes Syrians, Moabites & Ammonites to yethe number of 10000 chariots, 180000 foot & 120000 horse & laid wast Samaria Galilee Scythopolis & yethe Iews in Galaatis & soon after Ierusalem also & took king Ioacim alive, & carried him to Babylon some of the people & whatever gold silver & brass they found in the Temple, [except yethe Arck & two tables wchwhich were wthwith Ieremy.] & the next year & in the 4th of Iehojakim routed the army of Pharaoh at Carchemish by Euphrates & took from yethe king of Egypt whatever appertained to him from yethe river of Egypt to yethe river of Euphrates. T And from hence forward the Iews in servitu And whilst he was pursuing these victories heard of the death of his Father Nabopolassar and thereupō returned to Babylon leaving his army with his servants as bb Berosus apud Ioseph. l 9 Antiq. c. 11. & l 1 cont Ap. Berosus relates. And from henceforward Iudea – – lived in servitude under yethe King of Babylon & served him seventy years untill the first year of Cyrus. And tho theyir Kings Iehojakim & Zedekiah rebelled rebelled against him yet it prospered not for the King of Babylon came against them wthwith an army & took & took Iehojakim in yethe 8th year of his reign & sackt Ierusalem in the & burtnt it & the Temple in the 19th year 4 & 5t Months of the 19th year wchwhich was a sabbatical year. By all wchwhich circumstances his first year began in autumn towards the end of the 139th year of Nabonassar, & yethe 4th year of Iehojakim began about the same a month or two before
And the Kingdom of Assyria under the dominion of Babylon was again grown to its greatness. For aa apud Ioseph cont. Ap. p. 1044. Berosus saith that Nebuchadnezzar held Ægypt Syria Phœnicia & Arabia. & bb Strabo. l 16 sub initio. Strabo adds the Province of Arbela to & Nineve wthwith its fields to the territories of Babylonia & thus describes the limits of this Empire. Contiguous saith he to Persia & Assyri Susiana are the Assyrians For so they call Babylonia & the greatest part of the region about it in wchwhich region part of wchwhich is Aturia (wherein are is Nineve) & Apolloniatis & Elymais & the Parætacæris & Chaonetis by yethe mountain Zagrus & the fields neare Nineve & Dolomena & Chalachena & Chazena Adiabena & the Nations of Mesopotamia neare the Gondiæi & Mygoddones about Nisibis unto Zeugma upon Euphrates & a large region on this side Euphrates inhabited by the Arabians & Syrians properly so called as far as Cilicia & Phœnicia & Libya & the Sea of Egypt & the Sinus Issicus. And a little after describing the extent of Babylonian regions he bounds it on yethe north wthwith Armenia & Media, on the east wthwith Elymais & Susa & on yethe north south wthwith yethe Persian gulf. So that Babylon seems to have reigned over the same territories wthwith Nineveh excepting that upon yethe destruction of Nineveh & sharing of its territories between the Medes & Babylonians Susa & Elymais the Babylonians contententedcontented themselves wthwith Assyria properly so called & Mesopotamia & Syria & what lay more westward & left Susiana & Elymais & what lay more eastward to yethe Medes.
Herodotus gives another estimate of this Monarchy by its proportion to that of the Medes & Persians telling us that
that Herod l 1 p 101. that the power of this City whilst every region over wchwhich the King of Persia reigns is distributed for yethe nourishment of his army besides yethe tributes, of yethe 12 months of the year the Babylonian region nourishes him four & all yethe rest of Asia eight. So the power of this region is equivalent to the third part of Asia; & its principality (wchwhich the Persians call a satrapy, is far the best of all the Provinces.
As Nebuchadnezzar enlarged translated yethe dominion of Nineveh to Babylon very much so he & his successors enlarged & adorned yethe city in proportion to its new dominion, buildingg magnificent walls about it & stately palaces & pensil gardens as Berosus relates whence & accordingly he boasted Is not this great Babylon that I have built for the house of the Kingdom by yethe might of my power & for yethe honour of my mighty majesty Dan. 4.30.
Sennacherib lost his army in yethe 14 year of Hezekiah (2 King 18.13) & returning to Nineveh was there slain a few months after 2 King 18 19.35, 37 )( Tobit 1.18, 21) & therefore Asserhaddon began his reign in yethe 15 year of Hezekiah. in yethe sabbatic year (2 King 19 29) & year of Nabonassar 33. He reigned in yethe year of Nabonassar 81 over Nineveh about He reigned at Nineveh till yethe years of Nabonassar 68 & 13 years more At wchwhich time Merodach Baladan or Merodach-empad reigned at Babylon [Merodach began his reign an Nabonas. 27 & reigned 12 years. The time of his reign is established by two eclipses of yethe Moon mentioned by Ptolomy] After yethe 4 years reign of Mesessi-Merodac & an interregnum of 8 years Ass] over both Nineveh & Babylon in all 48 years & then was b succeeded by Sasduchinus succeded him & anno Nabonas. 81 & reigned 20 years & was succeeded by Chinil-adam an Nabonas. 101 who who after 22 years was succeeded An. Nabonass 123 at Babylon by Nebu-pul-assar & at Nineveh by Ass Assar-adan-pul usually called Sardanapalus. And in yethe 16th year of their reign & second year of Ioajakim king of Iudah Nineveh was destroyed & yethe next year Syria & Phœnicia taken from Egypt by yethe joynt power of Nebuchadnezzar & Cyaxeres Astibares or Ashueres king of yethe Medes. And these conquests being finished & yethe king of the Medes returned home & Nebuchadnezzar being now lord of Assyria Syria & P & all the regions westward yethe as far as Mediterranean sea & Egypt, began his was by the Iews henceforward recconed king of these his conquests, the first year of this his reign, being the 4th of Iehojakims & & 35t of Iosiahs (Ier 25.1, 3.) &that is yethe 140th of Nabonassar. & henceforward Iudea served the King of Babylon.
[In yethe eight year of his reign he beseiged Ierusalem & took Iehojakim & carried him to Babylon (2 King 24.12) In yethe 19th year of his reign Iehojakim served yethe King of Babylon 3 in yethe 4t month on yethe seventh 9th day of yethe month he took Ierusalem was taken & oin yethe 5t month & 7th day of yethe month Nebuzar-adan burn the Temple & in yethe 37th year of the captivity of Iehojakim or 45 that is yethe 45th of Nebuchadnezzar's reign over Iudea in yethe 12th month on yethe 27th day of yethe Month his son & successor Evilmerodach in yethe first year of his reign brought Iehojakim out of prison & treated him honourably all yethe days of his life. Evilmerodach (according to Berosus & Ptolomieys Canon) reigned two years, Nergalasser 4 years Labo-asseredachis 9 L Laborosoardach or Belshasser 9 months & Nabonedus yethe Mede 17 years. All wchwhich added to the 45 year of Nebuchadnezzar's reign over Iudea brings you to the 69th year]
102
Now in the first year of Nebu
He refers yethe original of founding of this Empire to yethe times of that Belus or Baal who was worshipped in all yethe east, He & supposes Ninus yethe found where & of Ninus &his son from whom yethe city Ninus had its name & Semiramis yethe wife of Ninus, whereas Semir Herodotus tells us that Semiramis lived but 5 ages before Nitocris who was contemporary to Nebuchadnezzar & Labyrinthus for so he calls Nabonedus yethe last king of Babylon. And we understand out of scripture that Nimrod Nineve was built by Nimrod who founded many cities who the founder of Nineve built divers cities without calling them by his name & that yethe Belus
Among yethe nations wchwhich he conquered are to be recconed Susiana. So Æschylus
Μῆδος γáρ ἦν ὁ πρῶτος ἡγεμὼν στρατοῦ.
Τὸ δὲ ἄστυ Συσων ἐξεκηόνωσε πεσόν.
Αλλὸς δὲ ἐκέινου παῖς τὸ δ' ἔργον ἤνυση.
Τρίτος δὲ ἀπ' ἀυτοῦ Κῦρος ἐυδαίμων ἀνής.
The first who led yethe army was a Mede
He emptied the falling city of Susa
The next his son perfected yethe work
The third from him Cyrus, a happy man.
The Poet omits Asty recitesy only the great warriors Phraortes Cyaxares & Cyrus & between Cyruaxss & Cyrus omits Astyages who reigned pe the peacefull reign of Astyages.
Phraortes therefore being routed & slain, C his son Cyaxares (otherwise calle
– of his father Nabopolasser king of Babylon took & demolished that City. This action yethe Greeks usually ascribe to yethe Medes, the Iews to the Babylonians TobitHerodotus [in one place to yethe Medes in another to yethe Babylonians & by consequence to both] Tobit, Herodotus, Iosephus (Antiq l. 10. c. 5.) & Ctesias to both. Herodotus first a little after yethe middle of his first book acribes it to yethe Medes & after towards yethe end of that book to yethe Babylonians & by consequence to both. Ctesias has distorted yethe history by making it almost 300 years older then it was & giving g feigned names of Arbaces & Belochus to yethe Kings of yethe Medes & commander of the Babylonians who overthrew Nineveh that city For he feigned names at pleasure & made all things too old ancient.
Ctesias has made that Monarchy much too ancient, Belus Ninus & Semiramis he makes as old as that Belus who was worshipped in all yethe east.
The Babylonian year was of yethe same form with yethe Egyptian & began on yethe very same day (Censorinus Censorinus de die Natali c 18 & 21. Vide Marsh. p. 310) so ytthatin yethe year of Christ 138 (Ant. Pio & Bruttio Præsente Coss) the first day of yethe first Ægyptian month Thoth fell on yethe 20th of Iuly & so dyid also yethe first day of that year of Nabonassar (Censorin de die Natali c 18 & 21) Whence Now yethe first year of Nabonassar began Feb 26, in 747 years before yethe vulgar era of Christ & 128 years before & the Era of Nab. this first day of the Egyptian month Thoth Egyptian year began 32 days later that is on March 30 wchwhich was then yethe Equ vernal Equinox.
In the sepulcher of Osimandes King of Thebes Ægypt was a golden circle circle overlaid with gold a cubit thick & 365 cubits in compass & the days of the year were distinguisht & inscribed on each the several cubits with the rising & setting of the stars & their signification according to yethe doctrine of yethe Egyptian Astrologers. So sumptuos a monument would scarce have been erected by this king had it not been in memory of somthing done by himself & therefore I I And this makes it probable that I reccon that he reformed the Egyptian year & appointed that year wchwhich consists constantly of just 365 days wthwithout th And I ambrought it to 365 days For that Egyptian year began at yethe vernal Equinox in the
the time of this kings reign, & therefore was either constituted by him or else was much older then the Egyptian Monarchy If you refer the beginning of it to yethe autumnal equinox twas an hundred years older then Moses, if to yethe rising of yethe dog star twas 4300 years older then Sesach, if to yethe vernal Equinox it began in yethe year of yethe Iulian period 3829 wchwhich is not probable This year 130 years before yethe æra of Nabonassar began on An. Iul. Per 3837 3829 that is 130 years bef or (& for 3 years after) this began on yethe 30th of March first of April wchwhich was then the first day after the Vernal Equinox. And if Memnon was born after the return of Sesostris out of Asia into Egypt (as he should be by yethe story of Tithonus yethe brother of Priam) he could not be then above 80 60 or 70 or or at most 86 years old. For hHis actions abr & works abroad & at home make him long lived & aapud Philostratū l. 6. c 3 Damis saith that he died in Æthiopia (so he calls Thebais) when he had reigned f γενεὰς πέντε five generations. After he had finished his wars abro & other works abroad its probable that he set himself to encour in yethe latter part of his life he built those very magnificent structures of yethe Labyringth & his own sepulcher & by the heliacal rising of the fixt stars reformed the year. The Egyptians had afterwards another year wchwhich began at yethe summer solstice & or after the heliacal rising of yethe Dog star & consist The Egyptians afterwards finding this year not exact added afterwards a day every 4th year & so formed another year wchwhich they began at yethe summer solstice or heliacal rising of yethe Dog star, that being The Egyptians afterwards finding observing more accurately the length of the solar year by the Heliacal rising of yethe stars & particularly of yethe dog star & thereby finding that the year of 365 days was not exact but wanted about a quarter of a day, so that 1460 solar years were equal to 1461 of these Egyptian years, they made an formed an Annus magnus a great year revolution consisting of 1461 Egyptian years & began it atto begin & end when yethe heliacal rising of yethe Dog free on yethe 1st day of yethe Egyptian year. that beginning being easily observable & this revolution & renovation of yethe year is the famous Annus magnus of the Ancients. They did not rectify their year by adding a day in 4 years but only formed yethe Annus magnus in wchwhich the beginning of their year would run round the Zodiack. [They had not yet found out yethe just length of the solar year nor the difference between that & yethe sidereal year otherwise they would not have laboured to determined the solar year by yethe rising of the stars notr have made the great year great revolutiō to consist of 1461 years. but rather of For this revolution in respect to the equinoxes is about 1506 Egyptian years & in respect of the heliacal rising of yethe stars tis about but 1426 of those years. Seing therefore yethe Egyptians when they appoin limited their annus magnus had not arrived to yethe knowledge of these niceties it's p (wchwhich they might have done in good measure by observations of 44 or 5400 years standing) it's plain that their Astronomy was then but in its infancy. & by consequence scarce older then their Empire & flourished not before the times of their Empire.] Their way of determining the length of yethe year by the rising of yethe stars shews that they had not yet found then observed the difference between the solar & the sidereal year not yethe precession of yethe equinoxes & by conseq. that Astronomy was then but in its infancy.
Had this year been older then yethe reigne of Amenophis he would have known found known ytthat it was too short by a quarter of a day so as to make the stars change the day o in every 4 years change the day of their rising & setting & by conseq. he would not have noted & by consequence not have noted yethe rising & setting of the stars on certain days of theis year in a monument wchwhich he designed to be lasting. [For after he had instituted this year, the
His noting their rising & setting of the stars on th on certain days of yethe year shews] It shews also that he determined the length of this year by their rising & setting & by consequence understood not yethe difference between the solar & yethe sidereal year nor the precession of yethe Equinox. So that AstromyAstronomy was then in its infancy & as a science may be reccon him its founder.
Censorinus tells us that the oldest year in Egypt was two months & that afterwards king Ison made it of 4 months & novissime Ammon ad tridecom [ergo Amenomem ad duodecim] menses & dies quinque perduxisse, & lastly Amenophismes brought it to 12 months & 5 days.
156103
Vpon the first building
Before the Phenicians introduced the deifying of dead men the Greeks so soon as they began to build towns, had a Court of Elders with a Prytaneum in every town for the government for the worship government & worship of the town. thereof & a Prytaneum where the Elders & people worshipped their God And when many of these towns united un for their common safety united under a common council, they erected a common Court in one of the towns with a Prytaneum for where the the Council & people to meet at at certain times & to consult of their common safety &c worship their G common God with sacrifices & at certain times & to buy & sell. The towns where these Councils met the Greeks called δήμοι or Corporation towns & at length when many of these d δήμοι for their common safety united by consent under a common Council , they erected a Court in one of the δήμοι with a Prytaneum for the Common Council of ll & peop of all the δήμοι together with the & people to meet in & consult & worship & feast & buy & – sell, & this δήμοι they walled about for its safety & called it τῆν πόλην the city. And this was the first original of villages, market towns, cities, common Councils, Vestal Temples, feasts & Fairs in Europe. The Prytanea were were places of worship with a constant perpetual fire for sacrificing. From the word ἡστία fire came the name Vesta wchwhich at lengthen p the people turned into a Goddess, & so, became fire-worshippers like the ancient Persians. And when these Councils made war upon themir neighbours, they appointed had a General commander to lead their armies, t & this & this was he became their king.
So Thucydides aa Thucyd. l. 2. p. 110. & Plutarch in Theseo. tells us that under Cecrops & the ancient kings untill Theseus, Attica was always was inhabited city by city, having magistrates & Prytanea or Courts with Neither did they consult the king when there was no fear of danger but each apart had their own administred their own common wealth & had their own Council. Yea some of them ,( as the Eleusinians with Eumolphus against Erechtheus) did sometimes make war. But when Theseus a prudent & potent man obteined the kingdom he took away the Courts & Magistrates of other cites & made them all meet in one Council & Prytaneum at Athens. Polemon as he is cited by bb Strabo l. 9. p. 397. Strabo tells us that in this body of Attica there were 170 δήμοι one wchwhich was Eleusis. And ca Apud Strabonem. l. 9. p. 397. Philochorus relates that when Attica was infested by sea & land by the Cares & Bœoti, Cecrops the first of any man reduced the multitude (that is the 170 towns) into twelve cities whose names were Cecropia Tetrapolis, Epacria, Decella, Eleusis, Aphydna, Thoricus, Brauron, Cytharus, Sphettus, Cephissia, & Phalerus, & that Theseus afterwards contracted these twelve cities into one wchwhich was Athens..
The original of the kingdom of the Argives was much after the same manner. For, saith aa Pausan. in Corinthacis Pausanias, Phoroneus the son of Inachus was the first who gathered into one community the Argives who till then were scattered & lived every where apart: & the place where they were first assembled was called Phoronicum, the city of Phoroneus. And bb Strabo l. 8. p. 337. Strabo saith that Homer calls all yethe places wchwhich he reccons up in Peloponnesus, not a few excepted, not cities but regions because each of them consisted of a convention of many δήμοι free towns, out of wchwhich afterwards noble cities were erected built & frequented. So the Argives composed Mantinea in Arcadia out of five towns, & Tegea out of nine. And out of so many was Heræa built by Cleombrotus or by Cleonymus. So also Ægium was built out of seven or eight towns, Patræ out of seven, Dyme out of eight; & so Elis was erected by the conflux of many towns into one city. // And Pausanias cc Pausan. l. 8 sub initio tells us that the Arcadians accounted Pelasgus their first man & that he was their first king & taught the ignorant people to build houses for defending themselves from heat & cold & rain & to make them garments of skins, & instead of hearbs & roots which
which were sometimes noxious, & to eat the acorns of the beech tree: & that his Son Lycaon built the oldest city in all Greece. And Dionysius Halicarnassæus tells us that Oenotrus the youngest son of Lycaon coming into Italy & having found there a large region fit for pasture æ tillage, but yet for the most part uninhabited, & where it was inhabited peopled but thinly: in a certain part of it purged from the barbarians, he built cities little & numerous in the mountains: wchwhich manner of building was familiar to the ancients. These towns were without walls, but after this colony grew numerous & began to want room they expelled the Siculi & compassed many cities with walls & became possest of all the territory between the two rivers Liris & Tiber. Y And it is to be understood that these cities had their Courts & Councils & Prytanæa. For Dionysius Dionys. l. 2 tells us also that the new kingdom of Rome as Romulus left it, consisted of thirty Courts or Councills in so many towns each with the sacred fire kept in the Prytanæum of the Court for the Senators who met there to perform sacred rites after the manner of the Greeks. Whence the Senators were called Curialis. But when Numa the successor of Romulus reigned, he leaving the several fires in their own courts instituted one common to them all in Rome.
So then upon the coming of Colonies from Egypt & the eastern countries they began to build poor houses & villages in Greece in the days of Eli & Samuel, & these vallagesvillages began to unite assemble themselves into δήμοι peoples under corporation towns in the days of Samuel & David & these δήμοι to unite under cities in the days of David & Solomon & Rehoboan. And this practice was carried into Italy by Oenotrus the youngest son of Lycaon in the latter end of the days of David, for Oe by Oenotrus the youngest son of Lycaon, the first man who carried a colony from Greece into Italy & was probably the Ianus of the Latines. And thence it went into Sicily.. And it has been since carried into Gall & Spain & after in the time of the Greek & Roman Empires it has been carried over the Danube & Rhene into Scythia & Germany. For every city of Germany having its own king th till the cities with their kings united under common Councils against the Romans & by that means grew into at length into b greater Communities & over-ruan the Roman Empire. & therein set up the kingdoms of the Francks, Suevians, Alemans, Saxons, Burgundians Lombards Vandals Alans & Goths.
And in the same manner the building of hous houses, Villages, Δήμοι, & Cities, seems to have been propated in Afric from Egypt into Libya & Afric in the reign of Samuel David, & Solomon & Rehoboam. For Diodorus Diodor l. 3 c. 4. tells that the Atlandides (a people of Libya upon the greater Syrtes) reported that Vranus (the husband of Titæa & grandfather of Helio & Selene, that is Ammon the king of Egypt who first conquered that country) was their first king & taught them caused the people who then wandred up & down, to dwell in towns & cities & reduced from a lawless & savage course of life & taught them to use & lay up the fruits of the earth, & many other things usefull for mans life. And Strabo describes the ancient kingdoms from between
These practices being propagated from Egypt & the E we may expect to find them more early in the countries from whence they came. And accordingly we find towns in Ægypt Syria & Mesopotamia in the days of Abraham. Those countries were then but thinly inhabited, Abraham & Lot fed th lived in Tents & fed their flocks wherever they pleased the fields of Syria being not yet appropriated. Abraham wthwith 318 man conquered the four kings who had conquested the Rephaims the Zuzims the Emims
the Horites in Mount Seir & all the country of the Amalekites & the Amorites & the five kings of Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, Zeboim & Zoar. In those days every city had its king (Gen. 14.8, 9, 18) & in this state things the cities continued till the invasion of Canaan by Ioshua between Cth Carthage & Mauritania to have continued small & numerous till the Romans invaded them. And the People of Mauritania continued to worship their kings ancient kings of their cities & provinces till the days of Tertullian & Cyprian.ol. p. 26. Cypr. lib. de Idolore. vanitate.
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We have said that there is no memory of things any thing done in Europe above two or three generations before the use of Letters.
So also the Sicanians who were the first inhabitedants of SicilyDiodor. l. 5. c. 1. built little villages or towns upon the hills, each of which towns had its own king. And that tThe seven Islands on the north of Sicily were called Æolides being were then uninhabited, fwere first & Liparus peopled them from Italy by Liparus. And This was about one generation before the destruction of Troy
So also in Sicily the Sicanians who were the first inhabitants of that Island, aDiodor. l. 5. c. 1. built little villages or towns upon the hills, & every town had its own king. And by this meanes they spread themselves over the country before they formed themselves into larger governments with a common king. And The a seven Islands on the north of Sicily called Æolides, were then uninhabited & Liparus peopled them from Italy about the times of the Argonautic expedition one generation before the Trojan war. Malta & Gaulus or Gaudus on the south side The Greek Islands were also peopled from the Continent not many ages before For of Sidcily were first peopled by Phenicians & so was Madera without the straits a little after the Trojan war. The Cyclade islands were at first desolate & uninhabited but Minos peopled many of them from Crete wthwith colonies from Crete & particularly Carpathus was first seized by the soldies of Minos. Syme lay waste till Triops came thither with a colony under Chthonius. Strongylæ or Naxus was at first desart & inhabited only by a great multitude of terrible wild beasts. Aristæus who married Autonoe the daughter of Cadmus carried a colony from Thebes into Cæa an island not inhabited before. The island Rhodes was at first called Ophiusa being full of serpents before Phorbas a pPrince of Argos went thither & made it habitable by destroying the serpents: in memory of wchwhich he is delineated in the heavens in the Constellation of Ophiuchus. And even the Island Cyprus – – – – iron in the reign of Asterius or Manos
From all wchwhich it seems to me that the Sidonians Phenicians & Egyptians did not begin to leave the seas coasts & sail by the starrs before the days of Eli or Samuel; that they Sidonians then discovered the Island Cyprus & soon after began to sail as far as Greece & to trade wthwith the Greeks & carried away Io the sister of daughter of Inachus & brought Colonies into Greece; & discovered some that & shipping into Crete & Greece & began to discover the Greek islands. began then to be discovered & about that time All this was in the days of of Inachus & Phoroneus & in those of Asterius Europa & Cadmus or not above one or two generations before; & In & soon after Sesostris came out of Egypt & invaded Spain & Greece. The Tyrians at that time traded upon the red sea being in friendship with David & Solomon But upon the revolt of Edom from Iudea wchwhich was presently after the death of Iehosaphat, they Tyrians leavfting the red sea & began to sail upon the Mediterranean & built Carthage & some towns in Spain & peopled Malta & Gaudes , & going out of the straits discovered Madera & g Britain till then unpeopled. And before the Mediterranean began to be navigated, its probable that Europe was peopled only by a few wandering Scythians from the north side of the Euxine sea. And this much concerning the Originals of Europe.
Homer began therefore tbo be
The Greeks therefore began to build houses in the days of Pelasgus the father of Lycaon & by consequence not about two generations before the flood of Deucalions flood & the coming of Cadmus. Till then the Greeks lived in woods & caves of yethe earth. And The first houses were of clay till the brothers Euryalus & Hyperbius taught them to harden the clay into bricks &by burning & to build therewith. In the days of Pelasgus, they Ezeus, Inachus, & Lelex, & Cecrops & Phorbas they began to build villages of clay, & in the days of Lycaon, Phoroneus, &Ægyalu, Phegeus Eurotas, Myles & Cecrops & their sons to assemble the villages into δήμοι & the δήμοι into cities.
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Sethosis was the brother of Armais & these two were otherwise called Ægyptus & Danaus. Manetho apud Iosephum. 1 contra Apion. Sesostris by reason of his great conquests was celebrated in several nations by several names. The Arabians called him Bacchus wchwhich in their language signifies the great
All agree that Bacchus was a king of Ægypt & that he was the same king with Osiris.
The Chaldeans called him Belus wchwhich signifies the Lord. The Phrygians & Thracians called him Ma-fors, Ma-vors, Mars which signifies the valiant ✝
✝ And hence the Amazons wchwhich he left at the river Thermoodon called themselvers the daughters of Mars.
✝ And so did his Amazons whom he carried from Thrace & left at Thermodon For they called themselves the daughters of Mars.
The Egyptians before his reign called him their Hero or Hercules & after his death dedicated their river Nil to him & deified him by its names Sihor, Ægyptus, Nilus, & the Greeks hearing them lament O-sires & Bu-Sires called him changed Sihor into Osiris & Busiris
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Manetho aa Apud Iosephum cont Appion. l. 4. tells us that Sethosis was the brother of Amnis & made great conquests & that these two were otherwise called Ægyptus & Danaus.
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To The RittRight Honorabell SrSir Isack Newton at his House in St Martens Street In London present
And thus you see the truth of what Achilles Tatius tells us we cited o, viztvidelicet we cited above out of Achilles Tatius that some anciently placed the solstice in the eighth degree of Cancer, others about the twelft degree & others about the fifteenth degree thereof.
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The suns Apoge was i was in ♋ 7. 44. 30 in the year of Christ 1700 & in an hundred years goes back forward 17'. 40.' in respect of the fixt starrs & therefore about 6880 years before Christ (when Hesiod flourished) that was.
In the last day of December at noon the su A.C. 1700 the suns Apoge was in ♋ 7°. 44'. 30". [It moves forward 17' 40" in respect of the fixt starrs in an hundred years] And the star Arcturus was in ♎ 20 18'. 52". wthwith north Latitude 30. 57'. 00". And the suns Apoge moves forward 17'. 40". in an hundred years in respect of the fixt starrs & therefore about 880 years before Christ when Hesiod flourished, that is 2580 years before the year of Christ 1700, the suns Apoge suns Apoge Arcturus was distant from Asturus the Suns Apoge in longitude [3s. 12° 34'. 22". 1. 7°. 35. 48 =] 3s. 20° .10' .10".
In the last day of December at noon A.C. 1700 the suns pPerige was in ♑ 7°. 44'. 30". And the star Arcturus was in ♎ 20°. 18'. 52". with north Latitutde 30° 57'. 00". And the Suns Perige moves forward 17' 40" in an hundred years in respect of the fixt stars, & therefore about 880 years before Christ when Hesiod flourished, that is about 2580 years before the year of Christ 1700 Arcturus was distant from the Suns Perige in longitude [3sign. 20.grad. 10'. 10"] 2sig. 9gr. 49'. 50". the Suns Perige was distant from Arcturus in longitude 2sign. 9gr. 49'. 50".
In the last day of December at noon A.C. 1700 the star Arcturus was in ♎ 20gr. 18'. 52". with north latitude 30gr. 57.' 00". & the suns Apoge perige was in ♑ 7gr. 59' 44'. 30". being 2sig.. 17°. 26'. 52" distant from Arcturus in longitude. The suns Perige moves forward 17'. 40". in an hundred years & Hesiod flourished about 880 years before Christ, or& 2580 years before the year of orour Lord 1700, & the ApoPerigee of the SonSun moves forward 17'. 40". in an hundred years in respect of yethe fixt starrs & 7gr. 35'. 48" in 2580 years, & therefore in Hesiods days the Perigee of the s Sun was 2. 16°. 25'. 3" 2grsign.. 9gr. 49'. 50". distant from Arcturus in longitude.
In the last day of December at noon A.C. 1700 the winter solstice was in ♑ 12gr. 20'. 35". 13'''. & the first star of ♈ in ♈ 28gr. 59'. 20".
In the last day of December at noon A.C. 1700 the star Arcturus was in ♎ 20gr. 3'. 2" with north latitude 30gr. 57' 00' & the sun's Perige was in ♑ 7gr. 44'. 30", being 2sig.. 17°. 41'. 28" distant from Arcturus in Longitude, & the Sun's winter solstice was in ♑ 12°. 20'. 35" the same being & by consequence 2s. 22°. 17'. 33". distant from Arcturus in longitude. Hesiod flourished about 88079 fbefore Christ & 2580 before the year of orour Lord 1701. And the Perigee of the Sun moves forward 17' 40" in an hundred years in respect to the fixt starrs, & 7gr.. 35'. 48" in 2580 years: & therefore in Hesiods days was distant from Arcturus 2sign.. 25°. 17'. 16" 2s. 10°. 5'. 40". And the winter solstice of the sun was moves backwards 50" in a year & 129000" that is 35gr 50' in 2580 years & therefore was in ♒ 18°. 10'. 35" in ♒ 18gr. 10'. 35" in the days of Hesiod, being then 3sign. 23° 31' 28" distant from Arctuturus. 3sign 28°. 7'. 33" distant from Arcturus in longitude in d in the days of Hesiod was distant from Arcturus 3sig 15°. 55'. 40" in longitude 3sign. 28gr. 7'. 33". in longitude
1620 meunte Arcturus in ♎ 20. 18. 52 - 15'. 50" = ♎ 20. 3. 2.
Apoge was then in ♊29. In those sixty days the sun would move from the winter solstice into ♓ 0gr. 48'. counting the signes ♑ ♒ ♓ ♈ ♉ ♊ &c from the middle of the constellation of Capricorn. And the opposite point of the Ecliptic wchwhich rose at the same time with Arcturus would be in ♍ 0gr. 48' – that this excess is . Which being added to ♍ 0gr. 48' gives the longitude of Arcturus ♍ . When the sun sets visibly his upper limb is 33' below the horizon – – – – – gives its correct longitude in ♍ 13gr – would be in ♍ 0°. 48'. In the end of the year 1700 – Decemb. 31 at sunset Arcturus was in [♎ 20. 18'. 52". + 12'] = ♎ 20°. 02'. 14". And in the 2638 years before when Hesiod flourished the Argonauts made their expedition Arcturus was the solstice year Æquinoxes were f since the Argonautic expedition the equinoxes were gone back 2638 x 50" or 36gr. 438'. 20". And therefore in the time of that expedition the Arcturus was then in ♍ 13. 23. 54'.
Tioino
just at sunset. And they that examin this matter will find it true suppsing that Hesiod flourished about 30 years after the taking of Troy or 875 years before the birth of Christ
– & visiting Thales of Milietus & upon his return to Athens Pisistratus began to affect the Tyranny of that city wchwhich made Solon travel a second time. And now he was invited by Cræsus to Sardes. And Cræsus before Solon visited him, had subdued all Asia minor as far as to the river Halys: & therefore he received that visit towards the latter part of his reign. And we have may placedd it upon the ninth year therof, Anno 3 Olymp. 57; & the legislature of Solon twelve yeares earlier Ann. 3 Olymp 54, & that of Draco still twelve ten years earlier Ann 3. Olymp. 51 51 . aAfter Solon had visited Cræsus he went into Cilicia & soon after some other places & died in his travels, & this was in the second year of Pisistratus the Tyranny of Pisistratus. Comias was Archon when Solon returned from his first travells to Athens & the next year Hegistratus was Archon, & Solon died before the end of the year Ann 3 Olymp. 57. And by this recconing the Objection of Plutarch is removed above mentioned is removed.
Suppose it 280 years after & the building of Syracuse 310, & th years before the end of Peloponesian war; & that invasion will be 590 years before the end of that war, that warr, that is in the 27th year of Solomon or thereabout. Hellanicus tells us
This method may be used alone where other agumentsarguments are wanting. But where they are not wanting, the best argument is to be preferred.
For The Right worshipfull S.rSir Isack Newton mrmaster of yethe mint At Albutone BuildinsBuildings in Kinsington, present These
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As the twelve tribes bof Israel were represented in Iacobs blessing by various Beasts & other creastures & continued distinct in Egypt & at length received had distinct seats allotted them in Canaaan, so the first fathers of the Egyp men who peopled Egypt were doubtles seated in several parts of Egypt according their severall tribes & families & every tribe conserved the name of its first father and had its sȳbol & & territory & temple & High Priest & worship & common assembly And this I take to be the original of the Nomes of Egypt. To represent things by hieroglypics or symbols was the sacred language of the ancient Egyptians, & the same language is frequently used by the old Prophets as by putting beasts of the field & birds of the air & trees & oth Fishes of the sea & swarms of insects & forrests & ga of trees & gardesns of trees & other vegetables to signify kingdoms & bodies politick fire to signify warr wchwhich consumes them, the sun moon & starrs the signify the king & his people & nobles Princes Heaven & earth & the places therein to signify yethe people of the kingdom high & low dignities & stations in the kingdom high or low & sometimes the people in those places , & so of the rest. This language was In this language Iacob exprest the blessings of the tribes of Israel his sons & the first Egyptian Thoth & Thoth (the inventor of the Language) gave th the characters of to the tribes of Egypt fathers of the Tribes or nations of Egypt, And under wchwhich these characters or hieroglyphics the several tribes or Nomes honoured their first fathers, representing & at length worshipped them as Gods. And this I take to be the reason of the Egyptians delineating worshipping their Gods in the shapes & species of Birds, Beasts, Fishes & Plants. [And tho their Temples at first (as Lucian tells us) might wanted the images of these things yet they wanted them not long.] For the making & worshipping them opposed such images was referred to & by & prohibited by in the second commandment when Israel was newly come out of Egypt & therefore was older then yethe days of Moses. By the fable of the Gods of Egypt being invaded by the Giants at the death of Osireis & out of feare hiding themselves in yethe shapes of various birds beasts & fishes the worship is represented as old as the days reign of Isis & Thoth the successors of Osiris . And the antiquity thereof is also confirmed by – – – – many others.
For The antiquity of these institutions appears by the names & founders of the cities of Egypt & by the fable of the transmutation of the Gods of Egypt into various beasts . For in Egypt alone, saith Diodorus, among all the countries in the world are many cities built by the ancient.
In these beasts the Gods of Egypt were worshipped from yethe days of Isis & Merc Thoth according to the ancient Egyptians worshipped their Gods & the worship was as old as the reign of is represented as & by an old fable of their Gods of Egypt flying from the Gyants at the death of Osiris & hiding themselves from the Giants in the shapes of various these such various these beasts at the death of Osiris, the worship is represented as old as the days of Osiris reign of Isis & Thoth. And the antiquity thereof is also confirmed by the names & founders of the cities of Egypt. For in Egypt only saith Diodorus l. 1. c. 1. among all the countries in the world are many cities built by the ancient Gods, as by Iupiter, Sol, Mercury, Apollo, Pan Elithia & many others. The several cities worshipped their several founders each in the shape or Gods to whom they were dedicated, each & that in the shapes of or species of the the several beasts dedicated consecrated to these Gods them this I take to be by Thoth. And this I take In the shapes or species or effigies shapes of several beasts creatures consecrated by Thoth to yethe founders of Cities or Gods of Egypt to whom they Cities were dedicated, the Eg Cities of Egypt worshipped their founders or Gods. And thisus Egypt according to yethe number of original original families or seated in so many cities by wchwhich I amongst whom the land was peopled at first divided became distinguished into nomes tribes or nations every tribe or nation having its own God & r Altar & people & territory & religion & Solemn assembly. And this I take to be the first original of the various Nomes. For how careful custom as it was the first ages were to distingu conserve the names of their ancestors first fathers & kee by wchwhich the earth was peopled & to keep their Tribes distinct may be seen in yethe twelve tribes of Israel during their stay in Egypt & afterwards & by Iacob's blessing given to each tribe apart.
To Isaac Newton liuing in Garmans Street near the Tub Tauern present
The first meeting of them in Egypt is attributed to a double Thoth by a double testimony, that of Sanchionatho who saith that Mercury invented the figures of the Gods & that of an old fable story of the Gods being invaded by the Giants at the death of Osiris & out feare hiding themselves in the various shapes of those animals in wchwhich they were afterwards worshipped. By this story the figures of Gods were invented in yethe reign of Isis who by the advise of Mercury made laws for yethe Egyptians & ning other things ordeined yethe annual commemoration of Osiris under by yethe ceremonies of the Ox sacred Ox Apis. & The antiquity of these kings is also confirmed by the names & founders of yethe several Cities of Egypt. For
& by the Mythologists that yethe Gods put on those figures at yethe death of Osiris the his father Osiris when they fled from the Giants & by Diodorus that he ordeined the worship & sacrifices of those Gods. And up in. This was peculiar to yethe Egyptians that they worshipped not the images of men but those of various beats.Strabo Geog. p 805 So Lucian: The Temples of Egypt are beautiful & large being built of costly stones but if you seek for a God within you will find either an Ape or a Stork, or a Swallow or a cCat. For it was the sacred language of yethe Egyptians &
up in. For yethe great antiquity thereof is apparent in the names & founders of the cities. For Diodorus . 1. tells us that in Egypt alone, saith Diodorus, among all the countries in yethe world are many countries cities built by the ancient Gods as by Iupiter, Sol, /Mercury, Apollo, Pan, Elithia & many others. This was peculiar to their Egyptians that they worshipped their Gods not in the images of men but like the other heathens nations but like in those of various Beasts.Strabo Geogr l 17 p 805 So Lucianl. in Imaginibus. tells us ytthat the Temples of Egypt are large & beautifull & large buteing built of costly stones but if you seek a God within you will find either an Ape or a Stork or a Swallow or a Cat. To represent things by
– tribes of Egypt. For the beasts wchwhich the Egyptians honoured were nothing else then the Symbols or hieroglyphics of their first fathers propagated down to their several tribes or nomes. For as the 12 tribes of Israel continued distinct in Egypt & had distinct seats alotted them in Canaan: so the first men who peopled Egypt – symbol of its first father, & from the first City founded by the father of the tribe peopled the country round about. And after Thoth had appointed the Hieroglyphics of the Tribes fathers of the Tribes or Nomes wthwith certain conventions for buying & selling & sacrificing to yethe Deity & consulting together & certain ceremonies to be observed in those Conventions for commemorating the qual actions inventions & qualifications of their first said fathers the Egyptians soon began to honour those hieroglyphics & at length placed them in their temples & worshipped worshiped bowed down to them. And this worship was ancienter then the days of Moses being described & prohibited in the 4th Commandment.
The same language was sometimes used by Moses in describing Paradise & the fall of Ma man & particularly in describing the fall of Man (Gen. 3. & the blessing of Ioseph (Deut ) & in p preventing the people of Israel by & in placing Cherubims in the Temple at yethe upon the Arc Cherubims or Animals wthwith four heads faces looking towards the four quarters of heaven. humane bodies & wings & calfs feet & faces of a man a lion an Ox & an eagle looking to yethe four quarters of heaven.
Cherubims (or living creatures wthwith humane bodies four wings calves feet wings of four wings & four faces of a man an lion an Ox & an Eagle looking to the four winds quarters of heaven) for the 12 tribes of Israel encamped in four squadrons to yethe four qua each under their own Banner. & so of the rest.
In this language Moses described the loss of Paradise (Gen 3) & blest the tribe of Ioseph (Deut 3 ) & ' / And as
160109
Plato Socrates died three years after the end of the Peloponnesian war á Plato introduces him saying that the institutions of Lycurgus were not yet but of not of three hundred years old or but a little more. standing not much more. And Thucydides in the reading followed by stiephens saith that the Lacedemonians – – – – – a few more. This was the opinion of thosearlythose early ages before the inve artificial chronology of the Greeks was invented. But From the and
But Hesiod living in the age next after the four calls that his yethe iron age calls his own age the fift & describing [reccons five ages & calls his own age the iron age translating the name of the iron age to yethe 5t from yethe 4th to the fift as being still more miserable And these age he reccons to be the the be so many generations of men describinges For he ] every sollo age to be worse then the former & his own to be the worst calls this the iron age . And these five ages he reccons to be soo many generations of men, Describing that every age ended when the men of the age died & drop an were burnd & deified & a new generation of men arose , And saying that the men of the fourth age perished at yethe wars of against Thebes & Troy, & th that Iupiter should would destroy the fift age in wchwhich he lived when the men of that age wchwhich were then when the men then living alive should grow hoary headed.
The second age was the reign of Iupiter & ended when Iupiter lay with Alcmena & begat Herculus & Minos died & Sesostris invaded Gre Asia minor & Greece. For Alcmena was the last woman with whom Iupiter lay. [& Minos was the Iupiter of the Greeks who reigned in yethe silver age, being]
The first age ended wthwith the coming of Cadmus & the Phenicians into Greece & the birth of Minos & Chiron or a little after. For Chiron was begot Niobe the daughter of Phoroneus flourished about that time & was reputed the first woman who with whom Iupiter lay & Chiron who lived till the Argonautic expedition, or end of the brazen age was begot of Philyra the daughter of Saturn in the golden age when Iupiter was educated among the Idæ dDactyli as aApollonius relates (Argonaut lib. 2. v. ) and the Eleans – – – – Olympic games (Pausan l 5. c ) Now the Idæi Dactyli & Curetes were not heard of in Greece before the coming of Cadmus but from that time began to make a figure in history , & I reccon that they were Phenicians & came with him becaus of theiry being were skilled in metals & sciences & found out iron in the reign of Minos, & their & their king was skille slain by Erectheyus who was contemporary to Cadmus, & there was no other king of Crete whom they could attend in his infancy besided Minos. Asterius therefore & Minos were the Iupiter Saturn & Iupiter by whose the two first kings of all Crete were the Iup Saturn & Iupiter by of the Idæi Dactyli who reigned in the golden & silver age of the Cretans according to the Idæi Dactyli. These men were called themselves Curetes that is attendants of the child Iupiter from the word cura a child, because & therefore they were the men who propag spread set on foot in Greece the notion of the reign of Saturn & Iupiter in the Gold & Silver ages, & by consequence those ages began with the coming of the Curetes into Crete & Greece & the Golden age lasted till the dea during the reign of Asterius the silver age during the reign of Minos, the brazen age till the Argo death of Talus & the iron age till the destruction of Troy. And in the beginning of these ages was the flood of Deucalion whose son Amphityon reigned in Attica next before Erechtheus
The flood of Deucalion was according to the Marble about 10 years before the coming of Cadmus into Europe that is in or neare & by consequence in or a little before the beginning of the reign of Asterius, & theref Saturn of the Latines reigned or golden age of the Latines [in the golden age] next after this flood & the Iupiter of the Latines who expelled their Saturn & reigned in the silver age was Minos the son of this Saturn. For the Poets feigned that the old world perished by this flood, & their Saturn was repaired by a new generation of men arising from stones which Deucalion & his wife Pyrrha cast over their heads & that yethe four called the four first ages of this new world were the Golden the Silver the bBrazen & the iron ages; & the Latines being colonies of the Cretans & Greeks, & carried their fables into Italy./
Ætolus the son of Endymion about four generations before yethe Argonautic expedition being driven out of A Elea by Salmoneus the grandson of Hellen retired into wthwith his people into the region wchwhich from him was called Ætolia. From hism descended Oxylus the son of Hæmon who led the wthwith a body of Ætolians went returned wthwith the Heraclides into Peloponnesus & recovered Elea & by the friendship of the Heraclides had the temple of care of the Olympic temple committed to him, & fo the Heraclides for his service done them granted to him further upon oath that the country of the Eleans should be sacred & free from all defended from all armed force free from invasions & defended by them from all armed force. And after the Eleans were thus consecrated Oxylus restored the Olympic games (Pausan. l. 5. c. 8) & after they had been again intermitted Iphitus their king who was descended from Oxylus restored them Olympic games. again [He was not the immediate son of Oxylus but rather his grandson; & therefore the restauration of yethe Olym] & this was aboutve two one generations after the return of the Heraclides: for Iphitus was not the immediteimmediate son of Oxylus but rather his grandson his fathers name being as some say Iphytus, as others the Son of Hæmon or Hæmon as others Praxonidas the son of Hæmon ; nor above two generations younger because by orour chronology stated above there was but about 60 years between the return of the Heraclides & the first Olympiad in wchwhich Choroebus was victor Iphytus was therefore the grandson of Oxylus & by conseq. the son of Praxonidas the son of of Iphytus Oxylus the son of Hæmon.
Iphitus presided in the Temple & the Olympiads & in the Temple of Iupiter Olympus & so did his successors till yethe 26th Olympiad, & so long the visitors were rewarded wthwith a Tripus: but then the Pisæasns getting the p above the Eleans began to preside & crowned rewarded the victors with a crown, & instituted the Carnea to Apollo. And & continued to preside till Phidon interrupted them that is till the 48th Olympiad. For in the 48th Olympiad the Eleans entred the country of the Pisæans wthwith an army suspectionng their designes, but were prevailed with to return home quietly, & soon soon some time after the Pisæans confederated wthwith several other Greek nations (perhaps viztvidelicet Pheidon & those under him) & made war upon the Eleans & in the end were beaten. In this war I suppose conceive it was that Pheidon presided suppose in in the 48th or 49th Olympiad or both: for in yethe 50th Olympiad for putting an end – – – – – yethe 8th Olympiad (he means the 48th) & Herodotus that yethe Eleans called in Phidō & together with him Phidon removed the Eleans. And both might be true. The Eleans might call in Phidon against the Pisæans & upon overcoming Enter overcome them & then claim the presiding in the Games & be refused by Phidon & after then confederate with the Spartans & by their assistance overthrow the kingdom of Pheidon & recover from the Pisæans their ancient right of presiding in the games.
When Phidon had introduced Coynage, Solon after his example regulated – – – & therefore not to be admitted –
The oldest laws of the Athenians were those of Draco, & therefore the annual Archons of Athens those were made upon the change of government when the annual Archons were set up began wthwith yethe laws those laws. for it was impossible to govern Athens by annual magistrates without laws & the office of the Annual Archons wchwhich were nine in number , & of the 9 Archons wchwhich were created every year, the first gave name was to go to yethe year, the next was king of the people, the third was captain of the army, & the six last were Thesmothet Θεοσμοθέτας, Lawmakers Lawmaker or executors of the laws. In computing the years of Athens I would reccon that Codrus was their king of might be slain about 20 or 30 years after his father Melanthus (being being expelled Messene by the Heraclides at their returning into Poloponnesus ) obteined the kingdom of Athens, that the 12 perpetual Archons being elective (if there were so many) might reign one wthwith another about 12 or 145 years a piece , in all about 1560 years, (the for the Popes reign not above 8 or 9 years a piece,) & that of yethe 7 decennial Archons three or four might dye before yethe expiration of their 10 years & others be substituted to complete the years wchwhich were wanting , & so one all together reign but only about 40 or 50 years; to all wchwhich if to all wchwhich if 80 about 70 or 80 years more be added for the annuall Archons till the death of Cyrus, the whole time from the return of the Heraclides to yethe death of Cyrus will be about 3 306years. as it ought to be a little about 300 years as it ought to be
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If we pass from hence into the India we shall find that country when Alexander the great invaded it divided it into many kingdoms & even no doubt the kingdoms wchwhich then were arose out of smaller ones. when Alexander yethe great invaded it wchwhich was 200 above 200 years after Media & Persia was grown into a Monarchy But I have not yet given any account of Egypt which in the first ages made a considerable figure.
The first great kingdom oin the world on this side the Indies seems to have been ytthatof Egypt. – – Ecbatane. The antiquity of this kingdom makes it difficult to give an account of its orignals but some footsteps there are thereof in history.
For in yethe seven years of plenty – – example of the Egyptians
– those cities. For Diodorus tells us that in Egypt alone – & many others. TWhich is as much as to say that yethe Egyptians worshipped those men as gGods who built their capital cities thereof of Egypt & by consequence were the first kings of those cities. making them the seats of their new erected dominions./ This was peculiar to yethe Egyptians – or a Cat. To represent things by Hieroglyphics was or Sympbols was the sacred language of the ancient Egyptians, & the birds besasts & fishes wchwhich they worshipped were nothing else then the symbols or hieroglyphics or banners of their first Kings – – Ios. 24.14
In the first ages every king was the High Priest of his city.
It being was yethe custom of yethe first ages for every king to have a pl Prytanæum or place of public worship in his city & when any town became the seat of yethe new kingdom & to be High Chief Priest thereof & by consequence there were originally as many kingdoms in Egypt as religions & publick Prytanæatemples & Gods & for Prytanea or temples & chief Priests wchwhich were very many, & in this multiplicity of kings was founded the idolatry of Egypt every kingdom setting up yethe worship of their its their own kings in temple in its own temple. So when Ioseph Moses tells us ytthat Ioseph married the daughter of Potiphera priest of On or Heliopolis we may conclude that On was once the Metropolis of a kingdom & but before Iosephs days lost its dominion & became subject to the king of another city.
It was the custome of the first ages for every king to have in his city for histhe whole kingdom a Prytaneum or place of public worship in his city & when any city s for his whole kingdom So whence the And & if any cities of Greece united into one polity under one common city they erected built that its & a common Prytaneum in that city wthwithout abolishing the particular Prytanea till time weare them out ones This was done in Italy after the example of yethe Greeks & in Egypt & Greece after the example of the Egyptians & the multitude of Prytanea or Temples in Egypt shewt that it was done there also & as the Prytanea in the several cities of Greece were the remains of so many ancient little kingdoms, & so it may be accounted in Egypt were the Temples religions & conventions were to So when another city So many temples So when be accounted in Egypt. So when we read a Moses tells us that Ioseph married yethe daughter of Potiphera Priest of On we may conclude that On was had been once the metropolis of a kingdom but before Iosephs days yethe Priests of On lost their dominion & became subject to yethe king of another city. And yethe like of yethe other head cities of Egypt wchwhich were very many. & became the Metropolises of the Nomes of Egypt And these cities having conventions common to many them & many other subordinate cities may be recconned the seats of kingdoms origally d originally compacted out of the many smaller kingdoms of m those smaller subordinate cities
When therefore we are told that the Egyptians worshipped a Crocodile in Arsinoe, the Ichneumon in Heracleopolis, an Eagle & Ram in Thebes a goat in& yethe God Pan in yethe temple of yethe Mendesians, a sheep in Sais a cat & Diana in Bubastis, a dog & Mercury in Cynopolis, the fish Oxyrinchus in the city Oxyrinchus, the fish Latus in Latopolis, a wolf in Lycopolis, a Cynocephalus or aApe in Hermopolis, a Lyon in Leontopolis, a mouse & spider in Athribis & other creatures in other cities: we are to understand that in these symbols they several cities worshipped their founders & builders or founders & first kings by whom they were built & that this worship was as old as the idolatry in of Egypt. By the founders of the cities I mean not their first inhabitants but those who made them bigger their metrapolis's of kingdoms & larger seats of kingdom first raised ymthem above other cities made ymthem seats of kingdoms & built them accordingly. abo ab above other cities raised them above other cities made them seats of & built them accordingly. By The worshipping of such dead kings foundersof kingdoms gave thae first beginning to Idolatry not only in Egypt, Chaldea Arabia Syria &c the neighbouring nations from whence whom it spread into Europe amongst whom it had its first rise. from whom it spread into Europe & gave a begi & other places. And the great multitude of Cities in Egypt which had their several temples Gods & chief high Priests oonventions Gods & modes of worship argues the multitude of kingdoms & nations in Egypt when idolatry began. / – wchwhich were very many. For they equalled it were as many at least at least as there were Nomes in Egypt, every Nome being headed by
These head cities began to grow united into bigger kingdoms before the days of Ioseph united into bigger kingdoms & all those kingdomes at length un by degrees united grew into one Monarchy before the days of Sesostris Solomon.
Chap. II Of the kingdome of Egypt & the Chronology of the first ages.
many other cities as had Temples, besides the smaller cities whose Prytanea were disused & extinct For as in Greece when single cities combi became united into bigger kingdoms wthwith a com , their Prytanea in time became disused & the common Prytaneum of & conventions in the capital city only remained with its conventions. so it is to be understood of Egypt. These capital cities seem to have laid the foundation of the Nomes or Tribes & Nations of Egypt, every Nome having a capital city with a Temple & Priest & God & annual conventions for the whole Nome & a Iudge for doing justice so that yethe Nomes seem to have been the anciently Kingdoms . These capital cities kingdoms began to grow into bigger kingdoms before the days of Ioseph & all those kingdoms by degrees grew into one Monarchy before the days of Solomon, & then the Prince of Priest of the several capital cities retaineding only their Priesthood without the power of king & command of armies & judicial power long after they lost their armies & power as kings or commanders of armies . // For in the first ages all kings were chief high Priests & Iudges & all chief high Priests were kings (after Melchizedecs order of Priesthood) till they lost their power became subject to other kings more potent then themselves. These kingdoms of Egypt
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These are yethe Ethiopians mentioned by Isaiah Ezekiel I will make desolate yethe land of Egypt from Magdol to Syrene & even unto the border of Chus Ethiopia Ezek 29.20. They seem to have extended from yethe Nile to yethe Red sea. For the Topaz of Ethiopia Iob 28 19 of the Arabian Island Ophius Chitis or Topazium in th (an Arabic Iland in yethe Red sea over against Sy Coptuts where excellent ones were found in plenty,) is called the Topaz of Ethiopia Iob 28.19. And again when God threatned the desolation of Egypt by the King of Ss Nebuchadnezzar he adds, In that day messengers shall go forth from me in ships to make the careless Ethiopians afraid (Ezek. 30.9) that is in ships upon the Red sea. These are the Ethiopians wchwhich came wthwith Sesak out of Egypt 2 Chron. 12.3. in the armies of Sesak, Zara & Tirhaka, & wchwhich yethe Assyrians captivated together wthwith yethe Egyptians in making warr upon Egypt together wthwith the Egyptians in a warr wchwhich they made upon Egypt. 2 Chron 12.3 & 14.12. Isa 20.4
This is that Ethiopia wchwhich was the together wthwith Egypt was the strength of Thebais (Nahum 3.8.) wchwhich warrinedg under th Egyptians 2 Chron 12.3 & was captivated at the same time by the Assyrians upon their invading Egypt Isa. 20.4.
✝ &These are the Ethiopians wchwhich were in yethe armies
This is ytthat Ethiopia wchwhich together wthwith Egypt was yethe strength of Thebais (Nahum. 3.8) wchwhich warred under Egypt (2 Chron. 12.3) & was capt wchwhich yethe was were captivated wthwith yethe Egyptians the Egyptians it by the Assyrians (Isa. 20.4) & together with Eg being the strength of Thebais Nahum 3.8. Art thou better then populus No – Ethiopia & Egypt Chus & Mizraim that is Ethiopia yethe were her strength Pu & it was infinite, Put & Lubim were thy helpers: yet she went into captivity Nahum 3.8 Hence Chus was therefore [Chus & Mizraim were therefore regions bordering upon Thebais & so are well trans rendered interpreted Ethiopia & Egypt.] Here Chus here cano be no other Arabians then the Ethiopian Arabians or Arabian Ethiopians bordering upon Thebais on one side as Egypt did on the other.
14 livers =/
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& Stabo tells us that in Armenia Media & the neighbouring places & about Sinope & its sea coasts & Propontis & the Hellespont as far as Lemnus & in the mediterranean there were left many characters marks of the expeditions of Iason & Phriyxus & of the navy of Colchos following Iason as far as Crete & Italy & Adria in quest of Medea.
But before Atreus succeed Ægeus in the kingdom of Eurystheus at Argos Micenæ he succeeded his father Pelops in the kingdom of Elis. seated at Pisa. Menelalus succeeded Castor & Pollux in the kingdom of the brothers of Clytemnestra & Helena were succeeded their father Tyndareus at Spa in the kingdom of Sparta & were succeeded in it by Menelaus. the ha T They were Argonauts & that Hellena may not be too young to be their sister nor too old to be stole by Paris, let us suppose that when he stole her she was about 25 years old; & since Theseus stole her when she was 10 & he 50 years old he must will be born about 85 years before the destruction of Troy or 9 years before the death of Solomon, & therefore sailed to Crete slew the Minotaur, carried away Ariadne the daughter of Minos & succeeded his father Ægeus in the kingdom of Athens about 10 or 11 years after the death of Solomon. For he did these things when he was a beardless young man suppose of about 19 or 20 years of age like Androgeus the other six children who were sent wthwith him to Crete by way of satisfaction tribute for the death of Androgeus such another young man. In his return from Crete Ariadne was taken from him in the Island Dia by Bacchus & Phliasus & Eumedon two of the sons of Ariadne & Bacchus were Argonauts & therefore born before yethe 17th year of Rehoboam. If the in that expedition the elder of them may be supposed about 25 years old (for the Argonauts were young men heis birth will fall upon yethe 12th year of Rehoboam, wchwhich suits perfectly & thus Ariadne might be carried away by Bacchus in yethe 10th or 11th year of Bacchus Rehoboam as above. [And this suits well with the expedition of Sesostris. For] the Bacchus who seized Ariadne was not the Son of Semele but an other other Bacchus who had a fleet at sea had a fleet at sea whereby he (Pausan l 10 c 19) & led an army as far as India & past ofhis army over Euphrates by a bridg tied wthwith vine & ivory branches (Pausan l. 10. c. 29) & came past over the Hellespont into Thrace & into slew Pentheus & Lycurgus in (Pausan. l. 1 c 20) & warred wthwith Perseus in Greece wthwith Perseus who slew & whence & led his army to Argos & fought wthwith Perseus (who slew many of his weomen Menades or Amazons) & after theis war was composed he had great hōurshonours done to him by the Greeks & a Temple built to him at Argos called the temple of Cresian Bacchus because he buried Ariadne was buried in it. (Pausan. l. 2 c. 23.) As Sesostris wchwhich Bacchus we shall hereafter shew [ He who in his lifetime was called Sethosis Sesostris & Sesak &c was after his death deified by several new names, the Egyptians calling him Sirius or Osiris, the Arabians Bacchus, the Chaldeans & Assyrians Babylonians Belus, the Thracians Mars Tyrians Hercules & Adonis & the Thracians Mars. For it was the of that custome of those ages to deify all their dead & honour them with sacrifices., And more or less according to the ability of their friends & build sepulchres to their kings in the form of Temples with sacred rites & Priests appointed to perform them & no man could be more liable to be generally houred by the in this manner by the nations then Sesostris, the greatest & most magnificent of all the kings & conquerors that ever were.] This is
Now Atreus Agamemnon was three generations (or about 80 years) younger then Atr Pelops being the son of Plisthenes the son of Atreus the son of Pelops & therefore if Agamemnon may be supposed about or 8 48 years old at yethe taking of Troy, Pelops will be born about 120 or 1287 years 128 years & Atreus about 109 years before yethe taking of Troy & Atreus that is a that city that is or 12 years before the death of David & Atreus about 15 years being about 27 y & so Atreus will be about 81 years old at his death: for he outlives his son Plisthenes & adopted his grandsons Agamemnon & Menelaus, & died sometime after Menelaus the younger of his grandsons was married to Hellena. Pelops Atreus was therefore born about 11 years before the death of David, & Atreus about the 15th year of Solomon, & Pelops about 12 years before the death of David. [ Castor & Pollux the brothers of Clytemnestra & Hellena succeeded their father Tyndareus in the kingdom of Sparta ] – – – – – death of Solomon. or 9 years before the death of Solomon.
Androgeus a young man the eldest son of Minos became was being victor in was them in all being at Athens became in the time of the the Panathanean games at Athens became victor in them all & & was out of soon after treacherously slain by the contrivance of Ægeus the father of Theseus & thereupon Minos made war upon the Athenians & ended the war upon the compelled them that they should every eight years send seven beadlesbeardles youth (such as was Androgeus) to the games to be celebrated at in Crete in honour of Androgeus. For the Octaeteris was then in use among the Greeks being called ἐνιαυτὸς the cyclar year to distinguish it from ετος the solar year . For Apollodorus tells us that Cadmus ἀίδιον ἐνιαυτὸν ἐθήτευσην Ἄρει. Ἠν δε ὁ ἐνιαυτὸς τοτε ὀκτὼ ἔτη served Mars a whole cyclar year: & theis year then consisted of eight solar years. And Homer – – – they named this a period of nine years.
By this Octaeteris the Greeks in the first ages ceblebrated several festivalsCensorin. c. as many the Luni Pythea., And & divers other festivals: They seem to have received it from the Phœnicians & to have observed one & the same it without variation over all Greece & Magna Grecia & to have used the same Octaeteris in all Greece & Italy with their Islands as a sacred thing because their festivals depended on it. [It consisted of lunar months, twelve of wchwhich made the year & a thirteenth was added every other year [& the last month of every Octaeteris was counted for the first of the next year so that] to make the year agree wthwith the seasons as as is described by Herodotusl. 1. c. 18 Dionyssis Hal. & Censorinus Censorinus & Plutarch saith that Numa finding 12 lunar months too short added a 13th every other year a 13 month consisting of 22 days but the incalary months were Lunar like all the rest. The Greeks & Latines referred began the last month of yethe Octaeteris wthwith the last month of the preceding Octaeteris as often as the course of the Sun required so that there were] The ma & the last month of the preceding Octaeteris counted for the first month of the next Octaeteris as often as the course of the Sun seasons required Plutarch saith that the intercalary month had but 22 days ✝ as Herodotus describes
✝ & Herodotus that all the months had 30 days, whereas]
whereas all the months were limited by the appearance of yethe new moon. The ancients took 39 days for a lunar month but as often as the course of the Moon required they omitted the last day began the next month wthwith the last day of the former.
In this Octaeteris the year consisted of 12 months of 30 days each that is in of 360 days in all. & at yethe end of every m But as often as the new Moon appeared upon the 30th day that day was recconned the first day of the next month. For for th And to make the year agree wthwith the seasons a 13th month was added at yethe end of every other year aa Herod l. 1 Censorin c. 18 Plutarch in Numa. [as is described by Herodotus Censorinus] & if as often as the Seasons of the ope beginning of the year returned upon the last month of the Octaeteris eighth year, that month was recconned the first month of the next Octaeteris: And this power of dropping a day or an intercalary month to make the months agree wthwith the Moon & the year wthwith yethe Sun being committed to yethe Priests. Dionysius Halicarassus Plutarch tells us that the intercalary month consisted of but 22 days among the Romans wchwhich is a mistake: for their months were lunar & their years Luni-solar [that the fea public feasts might keep to yethe same seasons of the year as Geminus describes at large] like those of the Greeks, as Dionysius Plutarch h describes very plainly. Plutarch tells us also that in yethe reign of Romulus the months had sometimes scarce 20 days sometimes above 35 that but this came to pass only by the neglicence of the Priests
Manetho tells us that Egyptos Sethosis whom the Greeks call Ægyptus, being strong in horses & ships left the government of Egypt to his brother Armais whom the Greeks call Danaus, & invaded Cyprus Phœnicia & the Assyrians & Medes, & subduing all before him; & being lifted up wthwith these successes went on more boldly subverting the cities of the eastern cities & provinces & by his being long abroad gave opportunity to his brother Armais to rebell. Whereupon Sethosis returned hastily to Pelusium & recovered his kingdom but not without a great escape. For Armais invited him to a feast, made him drunk & in the night set fire to the house intending to burn him & his wife & as many of his children as were wthwith him. But Sethosis (whom Herodotus & Diodorus in telling this story call Sesostris) escaped & Armais fled to Greece in a long ship of fifty oars carrying wthwith him fifty of his daughters. For it seems during his dominion in Egypt he had married his daughters to the sons of Sethosis & commanded them to kill all their husbands the same night thinking by this stratagem to destroy Sethosis & his whole family at once & thereby to gain the kingdom to himself. Now Sethosis & Armais or as the or as the Greeks call them Ægyptus & Danaus, flourished about two generations before the destructiō of Troy & not above almost one before the Argonautic Expedition as I gather by these Arguments. 12 Because The ship Argo wchwhich was the first large ship built by the Greeks & they was built it wthwith 50 oars after the pattern of the long ship of Danaus in wchwhich Danaus & his Daughters came into Greece & then When Sesostris returned into Ægypt he left A a Colony of Egyptians at Colchos under the government of Æetes Then & Phryxus fled to Ætes married his daughter Chalciope had four children by her & died before yethe Argonautic expedition but Ætes; survived that expedition & his daughter Medea another of his daughers Married Iason. Argus the son of Danaus being the master builder. 2. Because Nauplius the son of Amymone the daughter of Danaus was one of the Argonauts & lived till after the destruction of Troy without being then decrepid wchwhichold age. For For because h hHis son Palamedes being injuriously slain by the Greeks, & N when the Greeks returned from the destruction of Trojy to he drew their fleet in the night upon rocks by making a fire upon the high rock Caphareus in Eubœa where he was king. 23 BVpon the coming of Danaus into Greece his daughter Amymone being sent to seek find out water was got with child in the field by Neptune & bare Nauplius who & Nauplius was one of the Argonauts who married Clymene the granddaugther of Minos & by h her had Palamedes. Now Nauplius was one of the Argonauts & lived till after the destruction of Troy wthwithout being decrepid with old age. For yethe Greeks having injuriously slain his son Palamedes, when they returned from yethe destruction of Troy he in revenge drew their fleet upon rocks by making a fire in yethe night upon the high rock Caphareus in Eubœa where he was king. He was therefore a young man (suppose of about 20 or 25) years of age in yethe Argonautic expedition (as were all the Argonauts & therefore Danaus came into Greece a little above 20 years before yethe expedition. 34 Archander & Achilites married two others of the daughters of Danaus & were the sons of Achæus (a king of Thessaly from whom the Greeks were called Achivi) & Achæus was the son of Creusa the daughter of Erechtheus & therefore the daughters of Danaus were three generations younger then Erechtheus & by consequence contemporary to Theseus the son of Ægeus the son of Pandion the son of Erechtheus & Theseus flourished from the days of Minos till after the Argonautic expedition & wchwhich Theseus stole Ariadne & married was contemporary to the Argonauts & to the Phædra two of the daughters of Minos [& lived till after the Argonautic expedition & was of yethe seven captains] & was forty years older then Hellena. For he stole her when he was 50 years old & she was 10. 45 When Sesostris returned back into Egypt he carried wthwith him into Egypt a very great number of captives amongst whom Tithonus the son of Laomedon king of Troy the elder brother of Priam is to be recconed. For they say that Tithonius went into Ethipia & warred there that is in Tithonus was then a beautiful youth & Memnon being born a little after was feigned by the Greeks to be the son of Tithonus & By the universal consent of the Greeks Memnon young man & spent the rest of his in Æthiopia that is into Thebais above Egypt / &for so the Greeks called Thebais & warred there that is in the army of the Egyptians & spent the rest of his life among them in Æthiopia above Egypt there & at Susa with Memnon & was feigned by the Greeks to be the father of Memnon, who by the universal consent of the Greeks flourished till in the times of the Trojan war & Priam was an old man the younger brother of Tithonus began to be decrepid wthwith old age before the destruction of Troy. The expedition of Sesostris was therefore in the reign of Laomedon the father of king of Troy when his sons Tithonus & Priam when Priam wasere a childrē & Memnon & Nauplius were not yet born & by consequence & by all these arguments I conclude that this was expedition was about 60 or 70 years before yethe destruction of Troy., & 20 or 25 before the Argonautic expedition & by consequence So then the ex Sesostris was contemporar that is in the reign of Rehoboam the son of Solomon., This expedition & therefore it was therefore the same with that of Sesack For Sesostris & Sesack were at yethe same time were kings of all Egypt & at yethe same time invaded & coquered Iudea & the nations. Therefore they must be the same king. He whom the Egyptians called Sethos or Sethosis, & the Greeks Sesiges Sesostris & Sesonchis & Sesonchosis the Iews called Sesak. The ablest Chronologersr Marsham p. 22, 376, 379. begin of late to be convinced think that Sesostris is Sesak & Iosephus affirms it being induced there being convinced by the & Iosephus uphold was of that opinion For Iosephus affirms that Herodotus – – – – Ieremiah chap. 25 & 51. Now Sesak invaded Iudea came out of Egypt in the fift year of Rehoboam &to invade Iudea & the nations & spent nine years in the expedition & therefore it was in the 14th year of Rehoboam that he returned back into Egypt, & that Danaus fled from Egypt wthwith his fifty daughters. & yethe Argonautic expedition was about 20 or 25 the 35t or 40th years after yethe death of Solomon
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For Sesak came out of Egypt2 Chron 12 wthwith a very great army of horse & foot 1200 Chariots, 00000 wthwithout of & tooke the fenced cities of Iudah & God said the Princes of Israel shall be his servants that they know my servitude (that is the servitude of my people) & the servitude ממלכות ממלכות הארצות of the kingdoms of the earth. And his army consisted of Libyans Troglodites & Ethiopians: wchwhich shews that he had conquered those countries Libya & Arabia the red sea & Ethiopia before he undertook this expedition. He therefore whom [Sesostris & Sesak at yethe same time were kings of all Egypt & at yethe same time invaded & conquered Iudea & the nations & therefore they were the same king. He whom –]
And in like manner Diodorus & Herodotus tells us that Sesostris having a great army in Chariots horse foot conquered Arabia, that is & Arabia & Libya in his fathers days & Arabia reign & Æthiopia in his own before & then invaded Iudea Iudea & the eastern nations [as far as India eastward & Tanais northward & Thra & Thrace in Europe. [ Sesak & Sesostris were therefore at one & the same time kings of Egypt Libya Troglodytica & Ethiopia & coming out of Egypt came out wthwith wthwith a great army invaded Iudea & the nations of the East & therefore must be the one & the same king. He whom.] Sesostris & Sesak therefore at yethe same time reigned over the same dominions & with like forces made the same new conquests. over Iudea & other nations & therefore were one & the same king. IHe whom – – – of Libyans Troglodites & Ethiopians (nations wchwhich he had conquered before ) &
As Zer – not recover himself. Libya was am in those days a province of Egypt & the way of the army of the Libyans into Syria Iudea was through Egypt & therefore we may reccon that Zerah came thither through Egypt & so was Zerah king of Egypt Libya & Ethiopia as Sesostris was before , . & that the rather because he was an Ethiopian. For his successor Memnon was also an Ethiopian Yet the Monarchy of Egypt after the death of Sesostris was trans by civil wars translated from the Coptites to the Ethiopians For Zerah was an Ethiopian & so was his successor Memnon & PlinyPlin l 6 c 29 tells us Ægyptiorum bellis attrita est Ethiopia a vicisissim impentando serviendoque clara et potens etiam usque ad Trojana bella Memnone regnante. Æthiopia served Ægypt in the reign of Sesostris & no longer for HerodotusHerod l. 2 tells us that he alone enjoyed the empire of Ethiopia. After his death the his the great men of his kingdom fell into civil his captains (like those of Alexander the great) fell into civil wars dissention wars & the Ethiopians gained the dominion & then invaded Iudea under the conduct of Zerah. [And while they were in wars Asa had rest te] [And during the civil wars between the Egyptians Ethiopians & Libyans of Egypt Asa had rest ten years & fortified the cities of Iudah & raised a great army in order to revolt & b in order to revolt.] & by this the civil w revolt & victory over Zerah the mon And by the translation of the monarchy to the Ethiopians & the revolt & victory of Asa the dominion of Egypt was sore shaken & the remoter nations had a fair invitation to shake of the yoke wchwhich opportunity occasion of that Monarchy, wchwhich advantage the Greeks wh neglected not to improve. For at that time they built the ship Argo
The fleet of
Sesostris w
Solomon & Hiram had a fleet of merchant ships upon the red sea wchwhich spent three years in their voyagewent to Ophir & Tarshish & spent three years in the voiage. By their slow motion its plain that they were such round vessels without sails as had been invented in that sea by king Erythra & therefore the use of long shi & tall ships with sails in & in wchwhich the merchants sailed only along the shors &
between yethe Islands And of such vessels were also the fleet of Minos wa
s also composed For Ic Dædalus & shis son Icarus were the first Greeks who applied sails to ships & they did it just before the death of Minos , the for in for making an escape from Crete in two boats of Minos's vessels just before the death of that king, & were celebrated for it as if they had invented wings. Bu Argo was the first long & tall ship bu with ship with sails built by the Greeks But the Egyptians had long ships with sails before, such such as was that of Danaus. And Sesostris had a fleet of long ships upon the Red Sea & another upon the Mediterranean & was the first king of Egypt who had such ships & his ships had sails as well as oars said to be invented by Isis & Neptune. For the weaving of linnen in Egypt was very ancent, as appears by the Mummies wrapt up in linnen & by the use of linnen among the Iews in the wilderness. Now by fleets of such ships Sesostris became absolute lord of the Red sea & Mediterranean & Euxine, these ships these being stronger swifter & stronger & fitter for fighting then any other, & the only ships in wchwhich men durst leave the shoar & venture out into the deep. With such Fleets he invaded the coasts & Islands of the Red sea & Mediterranean & their Islands & put an end to yethe navigation of Solomon & dominion of Minos & over the Greek seas., invading the Islan many For he invaded the seizing many Islands of yethe Cyclades
Cyclades wchwhich were before in the possession of Atinos & under the dominion of Minos & making a navigable channel from Copt the Nile almost to the Red Sea to the City Coptus neare Thebes for deriving thither the merchandize riches & dominion of theat red sea for the easie co promoting the communication between Ægypt & that Sea. And & hence it is that after the reign of Hiram & Solomon we heare no more of their merchandize of the Iews & Phenicians upon thesate seas, & that Thebes became exceeding rich. Sesostris was therefore later then th Solomon Hiram & Minos. For had he invaded Iudea before the days of Rehoboam, he must have invaded it before the days of Solomon whose whole reign was peaceable & flourishing & before the days of David whose whole reign was victorious & by consequence long & tall before long ships been invented in his invented in hisreign with sails would have been in use upon the Red Sea & Mediterranean long before the days of Solomon Hiram & Minos.
Among the Argonauts were Deucalion the son of Minos & Pasiphae, Admetus the son of Periclymene the daughter of Minos, or Mi Phliasus or Phlias & Eumedon the sons of [Bacchus &,] Ariadne the daughter of Minos Deucalion yethe son of Minos was also at yethe hunting of the Calidonian boar presently after yethe Argonautic expedition. & Idomoneus the son of Deucalion was at yethe Trojan war & so was Meriones the son of Molos yethe son of Deucalion the son of Minos & Palamedes the son of Nauplius & Clymene the the daughter of Crateus the son of Minos & Agamemnon & Menelaus the husband of sons of Aerope the daughter of Crateus the son of Minos & Sarpedon the son of Evandrus the son of Sarpedon the son of Europa & brother of Minos.
– suppose about 19 or 20 years old. This was the third time that Ægeus sent a tribute of seven children to Minos for killing wchwhich tribute was paid every Octaeteris. For The Octaeteris was then the ἐνιαυτός or annus magnus or cyclar year of the Greeks [for Minos at the end of every eight years pretended to receive l new laws from Iupiter in a cave wchwhich he went into.] For So Apollodorus tells us Cadmus served Mars ἀίδιον ἐνιαυτὸν a whole cyclaryear, ενιαυτος the cylcar year then consisted of eight – years. And Homer, –
Κνοσσὸς μεγάλη πόλις, ἤνθα τε Μίνοςς
Ἐννέαστος βασίλεύστε Διὸς μεγάλου ὀαρίστης.
Cnossos a great city, wMhere Minos reigned the auditor of the great Iupiter every nine years. And Strabo: Minos descended every ninth year into yethe cave of Iupiter as Plato relates, & received precepts from him & delivered them to men. By recconing the first last year of every cycle to be the first of yethe next cycle they made made named this a period of nine years. Recconing therefore 17 years for the three payments of this tribute & allowing four or five more for the war wchwhich Minos made upon the Athenians for the murder of his son Androgeus & that Androgeus when he overca was victor in the Panathenean games at Athens was abo a beardles youth of about 20 years of age like Theseus & the children wchwhich Theseus the Athenians sent to Minos, the birth of Androgeus will be about the 8th or 10th year of Solomons reign. Deucalion another son of Minos was one of the Argonauts & son of those who soon after hunted the Calidonian boar & Idomeneus the son of Deucalion was at the Trojan war. If we may therefor suppose Deucalion at the time of yethe Argonautic expedition to be about 30 or 35 years old (for the Argonauts were young men) Minos will have got children from about the eight year of Solomon till after Solomons death & so might be born a little after the middle of Davids reign, & reign till a little after the m
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The first Lawmakers we read of in Greece were Cecrops, P Phoroneus, Minos Triptolemus, Minos,. Samp Chiron, Æacus. Before their days the Greeks lived like Sa Sauvages without laws & without government. Chiron promoted th justice amongst the Greeks so far to that degree as to be ac The ancient author of the Gigantomachia saith that Chiron was the first who introduced justice among m taught instructed mankind in yethe rules of justice to mankind to m forms of oaths & propitiatory sacrifices. TBy his precepts Æacus who married his daughter Endeis, became famous for justice, [ & his other daughter taught her husband Æolus the study of nature .]
Inachus had several sons as Phoroneus, Ægialus, Phegeus, who built towns Phoronicum, Ægialia & Phegea & reigned in them over several parts of Peloponesus, asPhoroneus in Argos, Ægialus in Ægyalia afterwards called Sicyon, Phegeus in Phegea (Steph. in Phegea.) afterwards called Psophis from Psophis the daughter of Lycaon (Steph. in Psophi)
Inachus had several sons as Phoroneus, Ægialus, Phegeus, Spartas Cav who built several towns in several parts of Peloponnesus as where they reigned as Phoroneus who built Phoronicum afterwards called Argosfrom Argus the son or grandson of Phoroneus, Ægialeas who built , Ægialea afterwards called Sicyon From Sicyon yethe grandson of Erechtheus, Phegeus who built , Phegea afterwards called Psophis from Psophis yethe daughter of Lycaon. Phoroneus had also several children as Apis & P from whom yethe kingdom was called Apia & Niobe the first woman with whom Iupiter lay A Phoroneus had also several Children as Apis, Car, Spartas Niobe Argus who reigned in several places. And this division & subdivision of territories mad hads made great confusion in the history of the kingdoms of Peloponnesus.
The Greeks tell us that Niobe the daughter of Phoroneus was the first woman with whom Iupiter lay & therefore the raptures of Io & Europa must be later then the corruption of Niobe. And perhaps Io was the grandchild of Inachus: for Ovid calls her Phoronides.
Astlas & his brothers Prometheus Epimetheus & Menætius were the sons of Iapetus the brother of Hyperion or Sesostris, & therefore Iapetus was Neptune; as BochartBochart. in Canaan l. 1. c. 1. hath also shewed, at large deriving the words Neptune & Iapetus from the same original. . But Bochart erroneously takes this Iapetus for Iaphet the son of Noah.
Iapetus was the brother of Hyperion (or Sesostris) & father of Atlas & therefore one & the same man with Neptune; as Bochart hath also shewed proved, deriving shewing theat words Iapetus & Neptune from yethe same original & pro shewing them to be words of yethe same signification. weare words of the same signification & original. But Bochart erroneously takes this Neptune Iapetus to be Iaphet the son of Noah. [ So then Prometheus Epimetheus & Menetius the brothers of Atlas were the sons of Neptune & Nephews of Sesostris.] Hence Sesostris therefore was the unkle & Neptune the father of Promotheus Epimetheus & Menætius the brothers of Sesostris Atlas: And the wife of Iapetus was called Oceanine & Oceanus was said to be a most Prometheu For the invention of sails is by Æschylus ascribed to For Promotheus invented sails & Oceanus is said to be a most was his firm friend to him & Oceanine is said to one of was the wivfes of Iapetus. / For Promotheus was the grandson of Oceanus & son of Clymane Oceanine, & being very ingenious among many other things invented ships with sails, that is, assisted Neptune in stetting & therefore was a Navigator under Neptune & assisted him in inventing such ships & setting forth a fleet of them skilled in sea affairs & acted under Neptune in inventing such ships & & setting forth a fleet of such ships them. Cælus & Tellus athen or O Vranus & Tetæa that is Ammon & Rhea the had many children called Titans from their mothers name Titæa wchwhich in the Phœnician language signs mud or earth, amongst these children were [ Oceanus, Hyperion or Osiris Thea or Isis, or Tethys Briareus &c & Iapetus by Clymene the daughter of Oceanus & Tethys had Atalas Prometheus & many other children, & Æschylus calls Prometheus a Titan as being descended from Titæa. ] Hyperion & Thea the parents of Apollo & Diana or Osiris & Isis, also Oceanus & Tethys the parents of Climene, & Cæus & Phœbe the parents of Latona, Iapetus the father Atlas & Prometheus by Clymene , Iapetus, Saturn ,& Briareus &c. Iapetus married Clymene the daughter of his brother Oceanus & Tethys & by her had Atlas Prometheus & many other children & Æschylus Sophocles calls Prometheus a Titan as being descended from Titæa.. The father of Vranus they called Hypsup– & This bey the genealogy of the royal family of Egypt in the times between the coming of Cadmus into Europa & the Trojan warr ages next preceding the Argonautic expedition may be of use for understanding the history of Egypt in those times.
The Greeks distinguished the first ages of Greece of wchwhich they had any memory into four successionves periods wchwhich they called the golden age the silver age the brazen age & the iron age., The fourth & these were the ages of the Gods of Greece. / The fourth age ended with the wars against Thebes & Troy as Hesiod tells us expresly. But Hesiod living in the age next after the four reccons five ages & calls the fift his own as translates yethe name of the iron age from the fourth to the fift age in wchwhich he lived. representing this to be the ages in wchwhich he lived. / The third age ended with the Argonautic expedition, for the Poets tell us that Talus who guarded the island Crete was the last man of the brazen age & that he died when the Argonauts in returning home arrived at that island. This man Talus they de / The second age lasted all the time that ended when Iupiter was said ceased to get children & Hercules was born & Sesostris invaded Greece: for Iupiter is said to reigned in thies third second age & Alcmena was the last woman with whom he lay. / The first age ended with the birth of Argus Apis S Chiron & coming of Cadmus & yethe Phœnicians into Greece & the birth of Chiron or a little after. . For Chiron was begot of Philyra by Saturn in the golden age when Iupiter was educated by the Curetes as among the Idæi Dactyli as Apollonius (lib. 2 Argonaut.) relates & Niobe the daughter of Phoreneus was reputed the first woman wthwith whom Iupter lay that is in his own reign. . / The first age therefore lasted u from yethe coming of the colonies from Egypt into Greece under the conduct of Cecrops, Lelex, Inachus, Pelasgus & Aethlius Æolus & others into Greece untill the coming of the Phœnicians colonies from Phœnicia into Greece under the conduct of Cadmus & his companions who brought into Greece Letters & the digging excocting & uses of Metals wthwith many arts & sciences depending on them & in Crete till the death of Asterius . The second age lasted till the death of Minos & invasion of Greece by the Egyptians under Sesostris & in Crete till the death of Minos. . The third lasted till the Argonautic Expedition & fall of the Empire of Egypt. And the fourth till the destruction of Troy. // In the first age the the Greeks began to live in towns. In the second they began to wall their towns about., I & to use various manual arts ., In the third they used armour bega use & to plow & sow. In the third they armed themselves with brass & in the fourth with iron. In the third & fourth they had g great wars & armed themselves first with brass & then with iron
Before these four ages the Greeks Europeans lived in subterraneus caves caves & vaults such as are the Catacombs neare in Italy neare Rome & Naples the Labyrinth & in divers other gold towns in Italy. & in many other places of Italy & the Labyrinth running in running up running every way through all the bowels of the mountain & the Trophonian at Ida in Crete. For these places were made by art before the memory of man & are works too great to be made only for sepulchres, being more like subterraneous towns. In the first of yethe four ages the Egyptians who came into Greece built habitations above ground only for themselves, being used to live in towns before they came into Greece. And hitherto ] In the golden age the Egyptians In yethe first of yethe four ages the Greeks Natives continued to lived upon the spontaneous fruits of the earth without in a peaceable manner without labour having all things the feilds & woods in common, & the Egyptians built habitations above ground only for themselves, being used to live
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in towns.. For some of the Greeks (as Chiron) lived in Caves long after yethe 4 ages began. In the second age arts were multiplied & towns be grew numerous & were better built & Cities were began to be compassed with walls the natives coming in great numbers out of their caves & learning
In this age also Temples began to be built & Oracles to be erected & the arts of the forreigners & joyning with them in civil societies. And now they Greeks began to plow & sow & feed on corn till the ground appropriate & the grownd & to till it ~ ~ ~ by plowing & sowing. & by consequence to divide & appropriate the grownd & Oxen for tilling it. of corn
In the third age tells (as Hesiod describes) th men grew warlike & contentious & fierce & began to p put had armour arms swords or speres of brass & brazen houses of brass (that is houses houses compacted with brass) and furnished wthwith brazen untensils & were covered with brass, ( (that is with brestplates & other brazen armours) for iron was not yet in use. In the fourth ag The last man of this age Such a brazen man was Talus the son of Minos the last man of the brazen age. . T In the fourth age they grew more warlike & turbulent & began to use weapons of iron. The Idæi Dactyli fountd out iron in Crete many years after Cadmus had found out Copp Brass A in the Pangean mountain & the brazen & iron ages commenced so soon as those metals grew copious enough for human uses. In third & fourth age they had great warrs & armed themselves first with brass & then with iron.
In the secon first age many of the Greek Islands were uninhabited for want of Shipping. In yethe second the Greeks observed the risings of the stars & improved navigation & Minos got a fleet & peopled many divers of the Greek Islands. In the second & third the Egyptians sailed built long ships with sails & sailed as far as the straits mouth. In the beginning of the fourth the Greeks began to build long ships & formed the constellations. And presently after the fourth the Tyrians sailed out of the straits mouth into the Ocean.
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where two or more families lived together we may call it a village. many families required that yethe fathers of families should assemble & consult together for yethe common good of their families & agree upon such laws as should be common to them all & appoint a common Iudge to judge between family & family according to those & put thoseem in execution & to appoint agre upon a common chose a cCaptain of their military strength forces. g & walled their towns about Thus yethe first towns became what we now call Cities each will its Court of legislation & judicature & arm with & legislative & judicial Court & military power, & yethe fathers of families became elders of Cities & either the Iudge or the Captain of their army b became their king, & the villages wchwhich yethe Cities the City being walled about for its defence became his city & the houses wchwhich the citizens for convenience of tilla pasture & tillage beuilt in the fields of their city became the villages of the city., For & the every City with its villages became a kingdom. For every city was at first walle in yethe first ages walled about with high walls & gates & barrs for its defence (Deut. 3.5. Levit. 25.30, 31.) & had its suburbs extending two or 3 furlongs its country yethe City walls for feeding feeding of Cattle (Num. 35. 4. Iosh 21) & beyond those its country or feilds wherein its villages were built (Levit. 25.31 Iosh. 21.12) which were therefore called yethe villages of the city Iosh. 16 & 18 & 19. Also every city & had its elders wchwhich sat in a chamber in yethe Gate of yethe City to do justi rule & do justice & act in the name of the City (Deut 16.18 & 19.12 & 21.2, 3, 19. & 25.8. Iudg. 8.14. Deut 22. 15. Iosh. 20.4 Ruth 4.2. Dan. 2.49) & its suburbs extending 2 or 3 furlongs from yethe walls for feeding of cattel (Num. 35.4 Iosh 21) & beyond those its its country or feilds territory wherein its villages were built (Levit 25.31 Iosh 21.12) wchwhich were therefore called yethe villages of the city (Iosh 16 & 18 & 19.) & such cities f as these wereith their suburbs were yethe cities kingdoms of yethe first kings, as is the kingdoms o plain both because yethe first kings were so very small & numerous & because they were waere in sacred history called Kings not of whole Nations or Countries (as they were afterwards when they greown great) but of Cities only, & because & because their kingdoms were so very small & numerous as we find ymthem
For Abraham with an army of 318 men beat four kings with their armies when they had newly beaten five others, & those five were kings of so many single cities Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, & Zeboim & Zoar. For yethe four first perished together in yethe Lake of Sodom & therefore were next to one another wthwithout any other Citeies between them & Zeboim was yethe next City wthwith Lot could fly unto & is called a little one & yet had its proper king. And long after this time when kingdoms by conquering one another has were become greater Moses appointed only 12000 to men to fight five kings of Midian, & Ioshuah overcame one & thirty kingdoms in that & in a small part of that small country of Canaan has des conquered Og the Kings of Bashan who had 30 walled walled cities in his kingdom enlarged the dominion of his city over 30 other sixty walled Cities with their unwalled villages & the thi second had by conquering Moab acquired a much greater dominion. For all the kingdom of Og was consisting of sixty cities with their unwalled villages & some part of yethe kingdom of Sihon was given to half the tribe of Manasseh & the rest of the kingdom of Sihon was sufficieednt for the two tribes of Reuben & Gad. Deut. 3.12, 13. & Sihon King of Heshbon the Amorites, the first of wchwhich And Soon after Ioshua in that small territory yethe rest of Canaan overcame one & thirty other kings besides divers others wchwhich he left unconquered., For by such as were the five Lords of the Philistims
Philistims reigning in their five head Cities Ashdod Gaza Ekron Askelon Gaza & Eckron & the kings of Sidon, Accho, Ahlab, Achzib, Helbath, Rehob, Bethsian, Ibleam Gezar & some other unconquered scitesies mentioned in Ioshua: so that we may reccon above 40 kingdoms in that small country of Canaan. And yet these kingdoms by the conquest of their neighbours were grown much greater then at first. For Adonibezek who was one of yethe Kings conquered Kings those Kings of Canaan had conquered seventy others of his neighbouring Kings & cut of their thumbs & great toes, & yet was not grown so powerfull but that two of yethe Tribes of Israel conquered him. Also Og And Og yethe King of Bashan had extended his dominion over sixty walled cities wthwith their unwalled villages & Sihon King of yethe Ammorites by conquering his neighbours & the M Moabites had acquired a much greater kingdom For all Bashan yethe kingdom of Og with some part of yethe Kingdom Sehon consisting of those sixty Cities was given only to yethe half the tribe of Manasseh & the rest of yethe citiesKingdom of Sehon suf sufficed for the two tribes of Reuben & Gad Deut 2.12, 13. Iosh. 12.2. In the lot of Iudah & Reuben alone there were above at least 126 cities besides the daughters of Ekron & Ashdod & Gaza wchwhich daughters were cities three of the five Metres
or mother cities of yethe Philistims. (Iosh. 15 & 19) &of & in that of Levi 48 whereof there were 48 whereof Cities whereof ten were given of out of yethe two tribes & an half beyond Iordan & 9 out of the two tribes of Iuda & Reuben (Iosh. 21: Num 35.2) & the rest out proportionallyin proportion to the number of cities in each out of yethe other tribes (Num. 35.8.) Whence its easy to collect that there were above 5600 at least 700 cities in walled Cities in all Canaan besided those wchwhich had been rased by warrs & by consequence above so many distinct Kingdoms at first before they some of them conquered yethe rest. For it is not to be thought that Og yethe King of Bashan walled all yethe 60 cities in his kingdom or Sihon King of yethe Ammorite a greater number in his but rather that every City was at f walled by its own polity before it was conquered., For a king & a City were in yethe first ages relative terms as a King & a Kingdom are now. For & therefore was originally at first a distinct Kingdom. Kings at first were called Kings of Cities only & therefore these cities were their the first kingdoms. yethe first ages And after even after any king had citiey had conquered divers others, its King continued to be called yethe King of that city only wherein he reigned resided untill he had conquered a whole country or a nation & then they called began to call him yethe King of that country or nation. So Sihon king of yethe Ammorites is the King of the city Heshbon & even after he though he had subdued many other cities & was become King of yethe nation of yethe Ammorites is sometimes & he some continued to be often called yethe King of Heshbon as well a the King of Tyre tho he became lord of title wchwhich was given him when the city Heshbon wthwith its suburbs was his kingdom, remaining long after.
The like number of little kingdoms seems in yethe first ages to have spread over all Syria. For tho these Kingdoms grew daily more great & les numerous, yet we find there Hadadezer King of A Syria continued divided into severall divers small little kingdoms till the S Assyrians it. For invaded it. For in yethe reign of David Hadadezer king of Soba (a town between Iudea & Euphrates) was confederate wthwith Damascus & three other Kings of Syria who served him & had wars with Toy king of Hamath or Epiphania another City of Syria. And a little after Benhadad king of Syria Damascus was assisted in his war with Ahab was assisted by 32 other kings wchwhich were served him as tributary Princes. For upon loosing battel he displaced them & put captains in their room over their forces (1 King. 20.1, 24.) yet Benhadad was not king of all Syria. For beyond him were was the Kingdoms of Hamath standing & beyond that yethe kingdom of & Arvad still standing & that also of Arvad or the yethe Aradij Aradij, , both potent kingdoms & these three kingdoms continued till yethe Assyrians conquered them
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In t
After the same manner Greece also – at Athens. Here you see see every City had an absolute governm at first an absolute & complete government of its own & that in matters both scivil & sacred there being in every city a Prytaneum or sacred place where the Magistrates adjoyning to in yethe Council or yethe where the Magistrates met & executed both as well the office of Princes or Elders in civil matters & of Priests in the Pritaneum by sacrificining where in yethe Prytaneum at yethe fire wchwhich for that end was kept there perpetually & for that endas that of Princes or Elders in in the Council where they consultinedg & judginedg about civil matters. And these Prytanæa & the cCouncils of yethe Cities were so con according to yethe first constitution of things so essent essentially conjoyned to one another annexed to the Councils of the Cities that when yethe they stood & free together. Every City had its Council & every Council its Prytanæum & & when the all their councils were reduced to one at Athens all their Prytanea were reduced to yethe Prytanæum of that Council.
So also Italy consisted origiinally of innumerable very many small polities acco each wthwith according to yethe number of cities each wthwith its Council & Prytanæum which by degrees grew into greater bodies with with fewer Prytanæa.. For w Dionysius Halicarnassæus informs us that when Romulus founded Rome, – – – – Rome. And by this means their several Councils & Prytanæa in the several cities soon ceased so ytthat we read nothing more of them in history.
What P Numa did in Italy & Theseus in the cities of Attica Phoroneus did long before to yethe Argives cities of yethe Argives. For saith Pausanias a Pausan l 2. p 112. Τοῦς ανθρώπους συνήγαγε πρῶτον ἐς κοινὸν, σποράδας τεώς κὰι ἐφ ἑαυτονῶν ἑκάστοτε ὀικοῦντας He first of any man was yethe first that gathered into one body assembled together the men of Greece who were before dispersed & lived apart, that is their in several cities independent & free cities he united into one polity their cities which had hitherto been independent & free without any commōcommon government. He Others say that he was the first that who set up an altar to Iuno & was the first who bb ordeined theirm e laws & judicature [& cc set up an altar to Iuno,] that is, he erected one Prytanæum wchwhich should be common to ymthem all. He & reduced them dd Tatian p. 72 from a brutish & salvage life to a civil one, that is by he putting and end to yethe wars & brutish hostilities wchwhich yethe cities had daily till then exercised wthwith one another, & brought them to a more quiet & civilized way of life, that is wchwhich is as much as to say thathe erected them one common over them at his City Argis one common Court & Prytanæum wchwhich should be common to them all & by putting & civilized ymthem by putting such laws as put an end to the brutish hostilities & wars wchwhich the several cities had till then exercised wthwith one another, & brought them to a more quiet & civilized way of living. & by the laws wchwhich he brought them to submit unto. The Altar was doubtless for yethe wpworship of yethe commom assembly & the salvage life from wchwhich he reduced them was to a civil one was that of making war upon one another.
So also Greece consisted of small polities till Philip of Macedon conquered – at Athens. Here you see yethe government of every city was complete & absolute in matters both civil & sacred. Every City had its cCourt for civil matters & every Court had it Prytanæum or Temple adjoyning to it for sacred ones , the. The Prytaneum accompanied yethe Court because yethe M civil magistrates in those days were also the Priests. Polemon, as he is cited by Strabo, tells us that in this Courts of body of Attica there were an hundred & seventy Courts or polities one of wchwhich was the City Eleusis so famous for her sacred mysteries. Th These were united by Theseus about yethe time of yethe T Sampson, beut long before this the sdelegates of yethe cities (or of some of them at least) met at e upon occasion to consult about states their common safety & appoint a Capteinain or kKing to manage their affairs in time of danger. For Dionysius Halicarnassæus tells us ytthat in yethe reign of Amphictyon (their theird king (he was contemporary to Moses)
Philochorus, as he is cited by Strabo, retlates that when Attica was invaded infested by sea & land by the Cares & Bœoti, Cecrops first of any man reduced the multitude (thatr is the 170 cities) into twelve cities whose names were Cecropia, Tetrapolis, Epacria Dececlla, Eleusis Aphidnia Aphydna, Thoricus, Brauron, Cytharus, Sphettus, Cephissia, Phalerus, & that Theseus afterwards contracted these twelve cities into one wchwhich was Athens. these These twelve Cities or Polities are by Strabo grew in time to be accounted twelve nations of Attica for so they are called by Cecrops was their first king & therefore was their first their King was only a Captain set up in time danges to lead the forces of all yethe Cities against their enemies the Cares & Bœtioti, & the occasion of the reduction of all the Cities of Attica fstirst into 12 polities under the 12 abveabove named metropolies wa & then into one under Athens was to strengthen themselves against invasions.
The paying of tithes tenths to yethe Priests was the religion of yethe nations before yethe days of Moses, for Abraham did it to Melchizedeck. Et hujus rei exempla alia congessit Vir doctus Droughtheius Angles in Analectis sacris ad Gen XIV.20, quibus probat Iovi Apollini et Herculi decimas quibusdam in locis solvi solitas. Cleric. Quæst. p. 9 And there are ✝✝Sec Vide Droughtesium in Analectis sacris ad Gen XIV.20 a Clerico Quæst p. 9 citat. instances of its being done by the old Heathens to Iupiter Apollo & Hercules
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Hence By this conquest the name of Ammonia was given to the mediterranean parts of Libya & even to all Libya the region being so called from Ammon as Stephanus in Αμμωνία affirms., And the Egyptians sending colonies into these conquered regions gave occasion to the people to speak Herodotus tells usFor the region was peopled with colonies from Egy Egypt & it was very usual in those days to name call regions by the names of their first kings. For Herodotus tells us that the Ammonians being colonies of the Egyptians & Ethiopians spake a language between them both, & that yethe inhabitants as far as the lo river Triton used the Egyptians manners buth beyond that river lived much otherwise. At this time the Oracle of Iupiter Ammon seems to have been erected for keeping influencing yethe conquered people. nation And learn By the Ammonians he means the inhabitants of Libya as far as the river Triton. For by the conquest of this region it was called Ammoni the name Ammonia was given to the mediterranean parts of Libya, & even to all Libya the region being so called from Ammon as Stephanus [in Ammonia] affirms. For in those days it very usual to call people & regions by the names of their first kings. The Egyptians therefore King Ammon therefore upon conquering this large region peopled it with colonies from Egypt & called it Ammonia. For Stephanus tells us that yethe mediterranean parts of Libya & even all Libya was were called Ammonia from Ammon For In those days it was very usual to call people & regions by the names of their first kings. And Stephanus tells us that yethe mediterranean parts of Libya & even all Libya waere called Ammonia from Ammon.
After the death of Ammon being death Sesostris succeeded in the throne & being now grown up & encouraged by his former successes aimed at conquering the wordld. And first he set upon the Ethiopians southward & compelled that nation to pay him tribute, Ebony & gold & Ivory. Strabo speaking of the straits of the red sea at Dira a promontory of Ethiopia saith saith tells us that a Pillar was of Sesostris the Egyptian was standing there wchwhich in the sacred letters signified his passing over. For saith Strabo he seems first to have subdued Ethiopia & Troglodytica & then to have passing over [the mouth of the red Sea] into Arabia [fælix] to have gone over all Asia, wherefore in many places tils called the dDitch or Trench of Sesostris & temples of the Egyptians Gods are found built as at Ptolemais And even beyond Dira as at Ptolemais & nor did Sesostris stop at Dira, he went through all Ethiopia to the Cinnamon bearing region or Promontory Mossylites at the south east corner of Afric & there were extant in Strabos days some monuments of this his expedition & Columns & Inscriptions. And for faciliating this his expedition he had built a navy of long ships on the red Sea, being the first who built long such ships, & thereby he subdued the Islands of the red sea & the sea casts of the continent going as far as India. Pliny tells us that in an Island of yethe red sea before yethe haven of Isis in an Island were Columns Pillars of stone wthwith inscriptions in unknown characters.
After this in the 5t year of Rehoboam Sesac
Among yethe heathens of those ages It was then the custome of the heathens in thos ag of those ages for every family to worship their dead ancestors f of the last three or four last generations. This custome was founded in the opinion that of yethe that there was a transmigration of souls, & that yethe souls of their yethe anscestors of yethe family would be most concerned for the f welfare of the family. Vpon this notion they made Images to them wchwhich they called Dij Penates Houshold-Gods, & worshipped them in them in these images,. calling them Dij these These the Romans called Dij Penates hHoushold-Gods. And On yethe same account whole Cities Deified & worshipped their dead kKings & Heros, & which makes it probable that Sesostris propagated the worship of his dead father with his conquests, according the to these verses of Lucan
Quamvis Æthiopum populis, Arabumque beatis G
Gentibus, atque Indis unus sit Iupiter Ammon.
After these conquests Sesak in the fift year of Rehoboam came against Ierusalem wthwith a great army of Libyans Troglodytes & Ethiopians, nations newly conquered & took yethe fenced cities of Iudah & spoiled the temple.1 King. 14.25
And having both forces also by sea & land invaded Cyprus & Phenicia & the people nations beyond Euphrates & conquered them all subduing by force as many as would not submit & being lifted up with the success went on subverting the cities & provinces of yethe east. Manetho apud Ioseph. cont. Apiō. l. 1. p. 1041
Thus leading his army by land he subdued all Asia. For he did not only invade
When the Israelites came out of Egypt God led them not through the way of the land of the Philistims although that was near, for sGod said, Least peradventure the people repent when they see war & they return into Egypt but God led the people about through the way of the wilderness of the Red Sea Exod 13.7. And therefore the Shepherds upon leaving Egypt were to expect war with the Philistims unles they took care to prevent it by a treaty.
Manetho tells us that Thummosis beseiged the Shepherds in Abaris untill he despaired of forcing them & then covenanted that if they would leave Egypt they should go safely whether they pleased, & thereupon they went out of Egypt through the Desart into Syria with all their possessions & families to the number of 24000. They were not driven out of Egypt but retired quietly with their heards & flocks & wives & children & upon a compact that they should not be pursued or hurt in their retiring. And since they did not retire till they had taken care of a safe retreat, it may be presumed that they did not retire till they had taken care of a place into which they might safely retreat, & for that end had treated with the Philistims the nation wchwhich lay next Egypt in their way towards Syria.
The Philistims in those days reigned long over Israel so as to give the name of Palestine to the whole land of Canaan. From the days of Sampson to the 20th year of Samuel they reigned 40 years over Israel. Then Samuel by one single victory shook off their dominion & took from them the cities wchwhich they had taken from Israel from Ekron even unto Gath & put an end to that war so that the Philistims came no more into the coasts of Israel. 1 Sam. 7. But not long after afterwards they became again Lords over Israel before Saul was chosen king (1 Sam. 16 9.16) & then put Garrisons in the land & suffered not a Smith to be in the land of Israel least the Israelites should make themselves swords & spears, but the Israelites went to the artificers of the Philistims to sharpen their shares & coulters & axes & mattocks. And in the second year of Saul when Ionathan smote a Garrison of the Philistims, the Philistims came against Saul with an army of thirty thousand chariots & six thousand horsmen & foot as the sand of the sea shore in multitude so that the people of Israel were in a strait & hid themselves for fear 1 Sam. 13. And there was thence forward sore war against the Philistims all the days of Saul, and when Saul saw any strong or valiant man he took him unto him 1 Sam. 14.52. And David beat them in many battels before they could be subdued. Now the very great numbers of the Philistims in the beginning of their war with Saul & David & the greatness of their power in this war above what it was in the war with Samuel seems no way to be so well accounted for as by supposing that when the Philistims being beaten by Samuel found themselves too weak for the Hebrews & the shepherds being beseiged in
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in Abaris found themselves too weak for the Egyptians, the Philistims & shepherds agreed to assist one another & the Philistims thereupon received the Shepherds into their territories & joyntly with them made war upon & subdued the Hebrews untill Saul revolted & he & David by a tedious & difficult war recovered the liberty of the Hebrews.
And since Ægialeus the first supposed king of yethe Sicyonij was brother to PhoroneusApollodor l. 2. initio [& Apis the son of Phoroneus was slain by the fraud of treachery of Thelxion & Thelchines w] we may reccon that there is no memory of any thing done in Gree Europe ancienter then the days of Samuel. For Before yethe use of letters (brought in by Cadmus) nothing could be long remembered. & Cadmus was the first that brought in yethe
Cecrops is recconed – – – introduced
Another instance – – – sons of Belus a king of Egypt [that is of Iupiter Hammon] & the same Belus who was reputed the father of Ægyptus & Danaus & the brother of Agenor the father of Cadmus & Europa] Be yethe genealogy true & he is generally reputed an Ethiopian, that is an Egyptian of Thebais.
Conon in his 37th Narration tells us that when Cadmus was sent by the king of the Phenicians to seek Europa the Phenicians were very potent & having conquered a great part of Asia placed their royal seat ast yethe Egyptian Thebes. For understingunderstanding this we are to observe ytthat & ytthat the Shepherds to hide the disgrace of being fugitives prentended themselves a branch of the Egyptians. calls them a part of yethe Egyptian army, & their great men pretended kindred with the royal family of Egypt. Agenor the father of Cadmus is said to be yethe Whence I learn that yethe EgKingdom of Egypt seated at Thebes flourished in the days of Cadmus & about that time grew potent the Phenicians pretending to yethe Gr. that their Belus the brother of Agenor to the Greeks that they reigned at Thebes. reigned at Thebes was king of Egypt & father of Cepheus was king of Egypt brother of the Egyptian Belus & Cepheus to be his son understandind by Belus the father of Ægyptus & Danaus whom yethe Egyptians called Ammon & yethe Greeks Iupiter. Ammon. When therefore Conon tells us that the Phenicians were now very potent & reigned at Thebes, it is to be understood of the Shepherds who to give themselves the greater credit with the Greeks pretended to be a themselves to be a branch of the Egyptiians who reigned at Thebais Thebes.
Manetho tells us that Ægyptus & Danaus (the sons of the same Belus) were Sethosis & Armais & that Sethosis having forces by sea & land & sea left the government of Egypt to his brother Armais while he invaded & conquered Cyprus Phenicia Media Persia & other oriental nations. Whence its plain that this Sethosis was the same man with Sesostris & tha & by consequence ytthat Sesostris & that Sesostris therefore ytthat Sesostris lived about the times that of Cadmus Europa & Agenor Cepheus of David & Solomon & so was the same king with Sesack that Sesak to whom Ieroboam fled in the days of Solomon & who presently after Solomons death invaded Iudea & spoiled the Temple. Had Sesostris been older then yethe use of letters in Euprope, the Europeans would scarce have remembered him.
We are told in Scripture that Sesak – – – in Scripture.
Herodotus in giving an account of the ancient – – – wchwhich renders them the less memorable.
Iosephus tells usAntiq. l. 8. c 4. that Herodotus [ascribes erroneously to Sesostris the actions of Sesak & that Sesak acscribes to Ses erroneusly to Sesostris the actions of Sesak & ytthat he mentions the expedition of Sesak into Iudea erring only in the name of yethe man. & ascribing to Sesostris the actions of Sesak. Which is all one as to say that Sesackk did all those things wchwhich Herodotus ascribes to Sesostris, & that Herodotus erred in nothing but in calling Sesak by the name of Sesostris wrong name.
Before Sesostris are to be set Amosis or Thomosis the successor of Misphragmuthosis & first monarch of Egypt.
Before Sesostris is to be set his father above Belus that is Iupiter Ammon or Iupiter Ammon. For h Belus in the Syrian, language is Ammon in yethe Egyptian & Iupiter in yethe Greek. are words of yethe same signification. And before Ammon is to be put m Thmosis or Amosis the fo successor of Misphragmuthosis & founder of the Egyptian Monarchy. And between Sabbacus & Anysis are to be inserted Sua & Tirhakah.
Iosephus tells us out of Manetho that
Before the Phenicians sailed to Greece the Cares (a people on yethe southwest corner of Asia Minor peopled many inhabiting Crete & the Islands of the Cyclades sailing from Island to Island in such small vessels as were at first then in use. And upon after the coming of the Phenicians Minos t the Greeks learnt soon ventured to sail as far as Phœnicia [& Minos improving his shipping became lord of yethe Greek seas, about 60 or 80 years before the destruction of Troy. For If Theseus was about a young man a beardles youth, suppose about 18 or 20 years old, when he overcame the Minotaur & 50 years old when he stole Hellena as Plutarch affirms & Hellena was then a child ofabout 10 years old & if when Paris stole her she was about 20 yeas old & or 254 years old & at yethe destruction of Troy 20 years older as Homer reccons; the victory of Theseus over the Minotaur will be about 60 or 655 years older then the destruction of Troy & the war of Minos upon Athens for yethe death of his son Androgesus was about 16 or 18 years older. Whence Minos reigned over the Greek seas during the reign of Rehoboam & some part of the reign of Solomon] Whence Minos reigned over the Greek seas during the reign of Rehoboam & in yethe latter end of yethe reign of Solomon. Suppose him about 45 year or 50 or 48 years old when his eldest son Androgeus got yethe victory in Panathea & was slain at Athens & from the birth of Minos will be about 130 years before the Troy destruction of Troy. And thence the rapture of Europa may be recconed between about 130 or 135 at m&ost 140 years before older then yethe taking of Troy. Some tell us ytthat there were two Minoses but Homer, & knew but one. Apollonius, Strabo & the bb Apud Diodorus l 5. c 54 inhabitants of Crete knew of but one Minos.
After Amosis had expe by expelling the Shepherds became Lord of all Egypt & the kingdom affirsairs of the Egyp kingdom were established at home, Ammon his son or grandson Ammon began to e enlarged the kingdom into forreign regions. And th/> began to invade his neighbours And first he sent his armies under the command of his son Sesackostris against into Arabia (that Arabia wchwhich lies between Ægypt & the Red Sea) & Sesostris being accompanied wthwith having in his with him those his companianion accompanied wthwith those who were brought up with him & took pains in destroying laboured against the serpents & overcoming the want of water & food conquered all that barbarous nation wchwhich till then had been unconquered. Then being sent against the nations wchwhich lay westward he subdued the greatest part of Libya being yet ver but altho hitherto a a very youth. LucanLucan l 10 v 276. extends this expedition very far to the west. Venit ad oOccasum Mundique extrema Sesostris. By the first of these conquests the Troglodytes & Arabic Ethiopians & by the latter the Libyans of Marmorica & Cyrene as far as the river Triton came under the dominion of Egypt. And this seems to have given occasion to the trafic of Solomon into Egypt for horses. For Egypt was supplied wthwith horses from Cyrene a country famous for breeding a multitude of good horses.
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Hygin. Fab. 95, 105, 116, 169 1. When Danaus fled from Egypt with his 50 daugters, Amymone one of his daughters as she was seeking for water was got with child & bare Nauplius the father of Palamedes. Nauplius was king of Eubœa & one of the Argonauts & king of king of Eubœa & lived to yethe end of yethe Trojan war & without extreme old age & thew himself into yethe sea & then upon yethe return of yethe Trojans endeavouring to drew them upon rocks by making a fire in the night upon the rock Caphareus & slaying those who were want & escape land, but finding that Vlysses & Agamenon escaped him & failing to drown Agamenon Menelaus & Vlysses the authors of his s threw himself into yethe sea, wchwhich argues that he was not yet decrepid wthwith old age. And hence we may reccon the coming of Danaus into Greece to have been about 60 or 65 24 or 245 years ancienter then before the Argonautic expedition & about 60 or 654 years ancienter then before the year after following the Trojan war. destruction of Troy & by consequence about 12 or 16 years after the death of Solomon, supposing Troy to have been destroyed about 65 years after the death of that king. [ The ship Argo was [built by Argos the son of Danaus,Hygin. Fab. 14 but whether Argus was born in Greece or came out of Egypt with his father is uncertain.] It was the first long ship built by the Greeks & It] was a long ship of fifty oars built in imitation of after the pattern of the long ship of 50 oars in wchwhich Danaus with his 50 daughters sailed into Greece. & It was the first long ship built by the Greeks, & for & therefore built not long after while the & therefore it was built while the ship of Danaus was in being. It was the first long ship built by the Greeks & therefore built not long after they had Pattern. . who tTill then had the Greeks used only round boats or barges invented in yethe red sea., In such round vessels they & sailed by along the shoar, but after they began to build long vessels ships with sails, they lanced out into the deep. It was built by Argus the son of DanausHygin. Fab 14, & thence I gather that Argus had learnt skill in shipping in Ægypt & came from thence wthwith his father & sisters. For had he been born in Greece he would have understood nothing more of this matter then any other Greek. Archander & Achilites married two of the daughters of Danaus & were the sons of Achæus from whom king of Ægialus & Thessaly from whom the Greeks had the name of Achivi, & Achæus was the son of Creusa the daughter of Erechtheus & therefore the daughters of Danaus were three generations younger then Erechtheus & by consequence contemporary to Theseus the son of Ægeus the son of Pandion the son of Erechtheus. Now the tells us that Danaus was the brother of Ægyptus & that Greeks tell us that Ægyptus & Danaus were brothers the sons of Belus king of Egypt & that Danaus fled from his brother Ægyptus when he came into Greece & Manetho tells that when Ægyptus was Sethosis & Danaus was Armais & that Sethosis the names of Ægyptus & Danaus being imposed upon ymthem by the Greeks & that Sethosis having forces by sea & land & sea being strong abounding being strong in horsemen & shipping left thise brother Armais viceroy of Egypt government of Egypt under his brother Armais inv& invaded Cyprus Phœnicia & the Assyrians & Medes subduing all before him, & being lifted up wthwith these successes went on more boldly subverting the eastern cities & provinces & by his being long abroad gave opportunity to his brother Armais to rebell, & wchwhich being notified & set the crown upon his own head whereupon Sethosis returned hastlily to Pelusium where Armais & recovered his kingdom: but not without a great escape. For his brother invited him to in relating this storya feast, made him drunk & attempted to in the night set fire to yethe house intending to burn him & his wife & some of his children children. But Sesostris & Sethosis escaping Armais fle recovered his kingdō Sesothosis (or Seso whom Diodorus & Herodotus ✝ call Sesostris) escaped & Armais fled wthwith his fifty daughters. For it seems during his dominion in Egypt he had married his daughters to yethe sons of Sethosis & commanded them to kill all their husbands the same night thingking by this stratagem to destroy the entire Sethosis & his whole family of Sethosis at once & thereby to gain the whole kingdom to himself. Now Sethosis is by the called Now considering that Sethosis, or as others call him Sessosis or Sesostris, being a potent king of Egypt who who lived & living invading Phenici & the East who invaded about two generations before the destruction of Troy., & conquered invaded Phenicia & the East can be no other king then Sesack. They reigned at the same time over all Egypt & Their actions agree & their names differ not. Sessosis or Sesostris being livinedg about two generations before the destruct Trojan war, was were & so he was contemporary to Sesack:; & both being that both were kings of Egypt & invadinedg Palestine & the nations of the east, they can be no other then the same king. Him whom yethe Egyptians called Sethos or Sethosis & the Greeks Sesostris & Ithe Iews called Sesack & if we may beleive Iosephus, they were the same. For he tells us that Herodotus acribes to Sesostris – – ^– Ieremiah chap. 25 & 51. Now Sesack invaded Iudea in the fift year of Ierob Rehoboam & spent nine
nine years in his expedition & therefore it was in the 14th year of Rehobō that he returned back into Egypt & that his brother Danaus fled from Egypt with his fifty daughters.
2. As Sesack came out of Egypt in yethe 5t year of Rehob. invaded Iudea wthwith a great army of Ethiopians Troglodytes & Libyans & Troglodytes so Zerah in yethe 15th year of Asa invaded Iudea wthwith another great army of Ethiopians & Libyans but wthwith a very different success. For Zerah was routed so that he could not recover himself. Between the expedition of Sesostris & Zerah Israel was wthwithout a teaching Priest & wthwithout Law & there was no peace to him
that went
out nor to him that came in but great vexations were upon all the inhabitants of the countreys round about & nation was destroyed of nation & city of city for god did vex them wthwith all adversity 2 Chron. 15. But after the overthrow of Zerah, Asa restored the worship of God & brought into yethe house of yethe Temple new vessels of gold & silver in the room of those wchwhich Sesak had taken away, & Iudah there was no more war unto yethe 35th year of Asa nor was Iudah invaded by the Egyptians any more. Zera is called an Ethiopian [& Herodotus tells us that the statues of Sesostris were made of Ethiopian armature so that many took them for the statues of Memnon ] F in those days Memnon was an Ethiopian & the kings of Egypt were Ethiopians. Memnon the successor of Zera was an Ethiopian & the statues of his predecessor Sesostris were formed with crossHerod l. 2 Ethiopian & Egyptian armature so as by some to be taken for the statues of Memnon. Libya was a province of Egypt & the way of the army of Libyans into Syria was through Egypt & therefore we may recccon Zerah king of Egypt Lib Etho Egypt Ethiopia & Libya as Sesostris was. The monarchy of Egypt therefore By this revolt & victory of Asa was shaken the monarchy of Egypt was shaken & the remother nations had a fair opportunity of shaking off the yoak: wchwhich & the Greeks understanding this neglected not to improve the opportunity. by [sending an empbassy to the nations in the ship Argo] For they buildting the ship Argo & sendting in it an embassy of the flower of all Greece to the severall nations. Such an embassy could scarce be sent to all Greece without yethe consent of the Amphictyonic counsel. The golden fleece at Colchos was pretended for a blind but their busines was with other nations besided Colchos. For they went through the kingdom of Colchos to the Armenians & through Armenia to the Medes, wchwhich they could not have done if they had not made friendship wthwith the nations through wchwhich they passed. They visited also Laomedon king of the Trojans Phineus king of the Thracians & Lycus & Cyzicus kings of the Island Propontis Cyzicus king of yethe Dolians & Lycus king of yethe Mariandini & the coasts of Mysia & Taurica chersonesus & the nations upon the river Tanais & the people about Bizantium & many cities in the the coasts of Gaul & Italy & Sicily & Sardinia in the mediterranean where the Egyptians had been & from thence they cross sailed cross the mediterranean to Afric & there confirmed withpPindar Ode Eurypylus & Triton sons of Neptune & kings of those regions king of Cyrene. Triton Vpon what occasion the Greeks should send a embassy to so many nations subject to Egypt I cannot imagin unless to persuade them to take the present occasion of asserting ing their liberty against the king of Egypt Ethiopians as the Iews & Phenicians had done & entring into friendship wthwith the Greeks. Now the news of the revolt & victory of Asa might be brought to Greece by yethe Merchants of Phenicia before the end of the year. Let the next year be allowed for the building of the ship Argo & the Argonautic expedition will ensue in yethe year following, that is in in being that is isn the 17th year of Asa & 37th after Solomons death. For theis expedition being of the greatest consequence was not to be delayed. [Herodotus tells us that Sesostris was the only king of Egypt that enjoyed the Empire of Ethiopia.]
Now Perseus
3. Helena came to Troy 20 years before the destruction of that city as Homer tells us, & when Paris stole her, her M her husband Menelaus was absent in Crete looking after the estate wchwhich his unkle Atreus had left to him & therefore Atreus died 20 years before the destruction of [& Agamemnon began his reign] the same year & the battel wchwhich happened upon the death of Hercules between Theseus & Hyllus on one side wherein & Eurystheus & on yethe other wherein the Heraclides by the assistance of the Athenians endeavoured to overcame the Argives & slew Eurystheus the predecessor of Atreus in Mycene happened a little before, suppose about 56 or 55 years after the death of Solomon. Castor & Pollux were the brothers of Clytemnestra & Helena, were young men in the time of yethe Argonautic expedition were young ma just grown up to mens estates & that Helena may not be too young to be their sister nor too old to be stole by Paris let us suppose that when he stole her she was about 24 or 254 years old. And since Theseus stole her when she was ten & he fifty years old & he was must be born about 85 years before the destructrion of Troy or 9 years before the death of Solomon & therefore sailed to Crete wthwith the little child slew the Minotaur & succeeded his father Ægeus in the throne & fell stole Ariadne the daughter of Minos & succeeded his father Ægeus about the 10th or 11th year of Rehoboam when he was a beardles young man suppose about 18 or 20 years old. about 20 years. At that time Bacchus took Ariadne from Theseus & Phliasus & Eumedon two of the Sons of Bacchus & Ariadne were Argonauts & therefore born before the 17th year of Rehoboam. this exploit of Theseus & the death of his father Ægeus must have happened about 64 years before yethe Argonautic descruction of Troy, that is about ten years after the death of Solomon : at wchwhich
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wchwhich time Ariadne was taken from Theseus in the Island Dia by the forces of Bacchus., For not the son of Semele but an eld older Bacchus, who reigned over the great Ba king of Egypt who in those days had a fleet at see & invaded had forces by sea [ & land took many Islands of the Cyclades, ted the invaded the coasts of the Euxine sea & passing his army over the Hellespont into Europe made war upon Thrace & Greece & buried Ariadne at Argos.Pausan. l. 2. c. 23 after he had had children by her. Two of the sons of Bacchus & Ariadne He had children by Ariande her & two of their sons , namely Phliasus & Eumedon, wereHygin Fab . 14. among the Argonauts & so in the Argonautic expedition & so was Orpheus the son of Calliope one of the singing weomen of Bacchus & so was Ancæus the son of Lycurgus whom a Thracian whom Bacchus slew ]. & therefore Bacchus was but one generation older then Sesostris & yethe Argonauts & so being a king of Egypt contemporary to Sesostris they must be yethe same king. [ His first fleet first attackt Cyprus & the coasts of Syria & then when on took many of Islands. the Islands of Greece where it seems they took Ariadne, & then when they passinedg into yethe Euxine sea to met his land army at Colchos., Then coming over at befo & when he brought his army & afterwards in bringing his army of over yethe Hellespont into Europe Lycurgus king of Thrace plotted to destroy him & the father of Oea discovering the plot, Bacchus slew Lycurgus & gave the kingdom of Thrace to & also gave Calliope on a singing woman to Oeagrus the son of & invading Greece buried Ariadne at & two of the Argonauts were Ancæus the son of Lycurgus & Orpheus the son of CalliopeOeagrus.]
4. Androgeus a young man the eldest son of Minos king of Crete being victor in yethe Panatheneiasn games at Athens wchwhich consisted in wrestling & racing was soon after slain by the order of Ægeus king of Athens whereupon Minos being have strong at Sea made war upon Ægeus & compelled him to send once every eight years seven male & seven female children to be for a premium to yethe victor in the games then to be celebrated in Crete in honour of Androgeus, They were sent thrice & the third time Theseus overcame & put an end to the tribute. Allowing about at ge If we may suppose at a moderate recconing that Androgeus was one short generation or about 27 years younger then Minos & about 21 years old when he was slain victor in the Panathenæa & ytthat from his death to yethe first yethe war between after his death & took up 4 or 5 years & the one two three Octaerides payments of the tribute 167 years more: Minos will be about 6970 years old when Theseus overcame, & by consequence he was born about the middle of Davids reign & his mother Europa was stole from Sidon & carried into Crete a little before suppose about yethe 12th or 15th year of between the 10th & 20th year of Davids reign or about the fifteenth & at wchwhich that time C her brother Cadmus led several colonies into several parts of Greece pretending to come in quest of his sister.
6. Theras who at the time of flouris was a young man in the return of the Heraclides into Peloponnesus was a young manthe Taylor of Euristhenes & Procles & afterwards king of the Island Thera was the son of Autesion the son of Tisamenes the son of Thersander the son of Polynices, the son of Oedipus, the son of Laius the son of Labdæcus the son of Polydorus the son of Cadmus. Thersander was slain in the Trojan war & Polynices & his brother Eteocles slew one another in the war of the seven captains against Thebes about ten years after the Argonautic expedition. From this war to yethe return of yethe Heraclides were about 104 wchwhich 104 years wchwhich distributed among yethe four generations from Polynices to Thera make 26 years to a generations. The Four To the four preceding generations from Polydorus to Polynices allow another 104 years & the recconing will end upon the 23 year of Davids reign: at wchwhich time therefore Polydorus should be of about the same age wthwith Polynices in the war of the seven captains & of Theras at yethe return of the Heraclides; suppose of about 28 or 30 years of age. And therefore he was born in Phœnicia & came with his father Cadmus into Greece, being then about 20 years of age. And if Cadmus may be supposed about
about 25 years older then his eldest son Polydorus he will be of yethe same age with David.
5. Whe Ino the daughter of Cadmus was the second wife of Athenas king of a pont City of Bœotia & Phrixus & Helle his children by his first fled wife being injuriously treated by Ino their stepmother Ino fled from her Greece & Phrixus escaped to Æ Æetes to Colchos, married Calchiope the daughter of Æetus the king of that & by her had several children Argus & other children & died before the Argonautic expedition. And therefore Ino lived till the reign of Æetes that is till after the expedition of Sesostris who placed Æetes Æetes with a Colony of Ægyptians at Colchos & At yethe flight of Phrixus she was scarce may be recconed was scarce above 60 years of age, for Athenas buried her & married a third wife. Subduct those 60 years from yethe 15th year of Rehoboam (the year after the expedition of Sesostris & the birth of Ino will be after the 34th year of Solomō David David & therefore Cadmus continued to get children till towards the end of Davids reign.
7. The Phœnicians recconed derived the kings of Tyre from Belus as the founder of the kingdom. & So Virgil & first king. So Dido in Virgil
Implevitque mero pateram quam Belus et omnes
A Belo solitei.
that is, saith Servius, A Belo primo rege Assyriorum. And upon these words of Virgil So
– – – cælataque in auro
Fortia facta patrum, scries longissima rerum
Per tot ducta viros, antiquæ ab origine gentis,
Servius has this Note. A Belo primo rege Assyriorum: ut, Ab antiquo durantia cinnama Belo: Ab eo usque ad Belum patrem Didonis, qui et ipse Assyrius fuit: hinc est, Quam Belus et omnes a Belo soliti: cum inter patrem et filiam medius nullus existat. Now looking into the list of the race of the kings of Tyre extracted of out of the Tyrian records by I Menander & recited by Iosephus, I find the first of those kings to be Abibalus, that is Ab Father Baal or Belus. As the Latines said Ju-piter, Mars-piter, Liber Pater, so the Phœnicians said Abi-melec, Abi-baal, th i.e. Father Melec & Father Belus. This Belus the Phenicians magnified as a great conqueror contemporary to Cadmus & placed his royal seat at Thebes. For Conon in his 37th Narration tells us that when Cadmus was sent by the king of the Phœnicians to seek Europa, the PœniansPhœnicians were very potent & having conquered a great part of Asia placed their royal seat at Thebes the Egyptian Thebes. This is that Belus And others represent that Belus was the brother of Agenor & father of Cepheus Ægyptus & Danaus & reigned at Thebes. & others that the Tyrian Belus founded Babylon. Whether the Phen Phenicia Tyrians were at kingdom of Tyre was founded by the Egyptian Belus, or the Tyrians only arrogated to their own Belus the glory & conqu actions of the Egyptian Belus I leave to enquiry. It suffices that Cadmus lived in the days of yethe Tyrian Belus w& by consequence was contemporary to David. For Abibalus died eleven or twelve years before the founding of the Temple as Iosephus mentions , that is in the 33th year of David.
8. Cadmus aConon Narrat. 37. pretended to come into Europe in quest of his sister Europa but really came with his family & a great number of Phenicians & Arabians to seek new seats & planted several colonies in several parts of Greece ✝✝For he was accompanied wthwith his brothers Cilix & Thasus & wife Hermione & mother Telephassa who was buried in the Ilsland Thasus, & wthwith his son Polydorus. He led one colony into Bœotia & left another in Rhodes & another under his brother Thasus in the Island Thasus neare Thrace & his companion Proteus led another into Bisaltia in Thrace & Cilix at the same time led another into Cilicia & Membliarius another into the Island Thera near Crete. And while he left his country with a multitude of people to seeke new seats, its to be presumed that they were disturbed & prest with difficulties at home & forced to fly. For people Which circumstance points out the time of Davids reign. And
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Ephorus the disciple of Isocrates & his contemporaries Callisthenes & Theopompus omitted the first ages as uncertain & began their histories wthwith the return of yethe Heraclides into Peloponnesus. Diodor. l. IV. intioinitio.
Diodorus tells us that in following the computation of Apollodorus the Athenian, he reccons 80 years from yethe Trojan war to yethe return of yethe Heraclides, & from thence to the first Olympiad 328 years, & tells us that this was gathered by computing the times by the kings of yethe Lacedemonicsans. Diod. Lib. V initio.
– the & between the return of the Heraclides & the end of first Messenian war, the 10 Kings of Sparta by one race Aristodemus (Euristhenes, Agis, &c) the nine by the other race (Procles, Sous &c) the ten of Messene (Cresphontes Epytus &c) & the nine of Arcadia (Cypselus Olæas &c) took up 379 years wchwhich is 438 years apiece to yethe ten kings & 42 years a piece to the nine: & between the return of the Heraclides & the beginning of the Messenian war the eight kings of Sparta by one of the races (Eurystenes Agis &c) reigned 359 years that is one wthwith another 45 years a piece, & the five kings of this race between the end of the first Messenian war & the beginning of the reign of Darius Hystaspis (Eurycrates, Anaxander &c) reigned 202 years wchwhich is above 40 years a piece. Thus the Greeks made the kings of their several cities who lived before the times of the Persian monarchy to reign about 35 or 40 years a piece one wthwith another, which is a length so much beyond the ordinary course of nature as is not to be allowed credited . For by the ordinary course of nature kings reign but about 18 or 20 one wthwith another about 19 or 20 years a piece, one wthwith another & if in some circumstances they reign 5 or 6 years longer in others they reign as much shorter. Nineteen or twenty years is a mediū.
The first twenty & onefour kings of France (Pharamund &c) 394 458 years wchwhich is 18 3/4 19 years a piece. the next twenty & fonefour kings of France (Ludovicus Pous Babus &&c) 4 4 51 wchwhich is 18 3/4 years a piece, the next ] 15 (Philippus Valesius &c) 315 wchwhich is 21 years a piece., all the 63 kings of France 1224 years wchwhich is 19 1/2 years a piece. The 121 Kings of Egypt (Ptolemæus Lagi &c) 277 years wchwhich is 25 years a piece
The heathen Roman Emperors reign reignd about 10 years a piece one wthwith another The first 15 kings of France (Pharamund &c) 274 years wchwhich is 18 3/4 years a piece, the next 16 (Childebert II &c) 257
The first 20 Roman Emperors (Iulius Cæsar &c omitting the short reigns of Galba, Otho, Vitellius, Pertinax, Didius Iulianus & Macrinus) reignd 284 years 264 years wchwhich is 13 1/4 14 1/4 years a piece. The next [ First 240 Eastern Emperors (Arcadius &c) 321 years wchwhich is 16 years a piece. The next 20 (Leo Isaurus &c) 326, wchwhich is 16 1/4. [ The next 20 (Michael Constantinus &c) 299 wchwhich is 15 years a piece. The next 26 (Iohannes Paleologus &c) 113 wchwhich is 19. ] The last 26 (Michael Constantinus &c) 412 years wchwhich is 16 years a piece. ] The first 20 Eastern EmpsEmperors (Arcadius &c) reignd 346 ysyears wchwhich is 17 1/4, the next 20 (Constantinus Copronymus &c) 315 wchwhich is 15 3/4 yyear. the last 25 (Michael Strato &c) 399 year wchwhich is 16 years a piece. The 1st 20 western Emperors (Charles yethe great &c) 328 wchwhich 16 1/2 yryear a piece. The last 25 (Conrade III &c) 520 4 years wchwhich is 20 3/4 yyear a piece: all the 45 western Emperors 86758 wchwhich is 19 years a piece.
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The Romans began to coyn [ copper money in the reign of Servius Tullius ] silver money about 23 years before the first Punic war an 1 Olymp. 128 & gold money about 60 62 years after : but copper money they coyned in the reign of Servius Tullius wchwhich was above 250 years before. The Greeks beeing richer in those metals then the Romans coyned them earlier & then yethe Romans & the Asia Kings of people of Asia minor being still richer coyned them earlier then the Greeks. For Herodotus tells us that the kings of Lydians were the first men (so far as he knew) that coyned money of gold & Silver. In the reign of Cræsus they had much money of both these sorts & there is extant a Silver coyn of Aly much older of Alys one of the predecessors of Cræsus And Hermodice the wife of Midas coyned money for Cuma. . But the Greeks (so far as yet appears) coyned no gold before yethe reign of Philip the father of Alexander or silver before yethe reign of Phidon king of Argos [ . The Athenians began to coyn silver copper moneywho appointted weights & measures & coyned silver in Ægina & Gold in Euboea in the Peloponnesian war when Callias was Archon An. 1 Olymp. 87 , & the Argives to coyn silver about 140 years before as I gather from Herodotus & Lycurgus about 250 years before taught the Spartans to use barrs iron, & of about a pound weight fo p for money., And wchwhich metal the scarcity not the of copper in those days silver & gold being the reason. For some other nations cities of Greece & Thrace in those days used iron money, as Thebes & Byzantium. ] Chronologers make Phidon In ancienter times they used barrs of Copper & Iron [ wchwhich they Obelus & Obelisccus ] either not stampt or stampt wthwith an Ox or wthwith one of their Gods. they used crude masses of iron or copper & silver of such a weight as equaled an Ox in value for the convenience of buying & selling cattle recconing & ten sheep to an ox & thence came the such pieces they called Oxen from their value & thence came the name of pecunia. These masses were usually in the form of long barrs wchwhich they called oboli, & contuedcontinued in use in Greece & Italy long after the days of Phidon. Such was the Iron money of the Spartans instituted by Lycurgus & the iron Obelus of Epaminondas the Theban mentioned by Plutarch & the iron money of Byzantium stamped wthwith their God wchwhich Aristophanes therefore calls iron Gods as Hesychius mentions. Phidon stampt round money in Ægina for use of the Merchants & is repeated the first of the Greeks who coyned such money Chronologers make Phidon as old as Lycurgus, but I had rather trust Herodotus who who writing of things done but a little before his own times, was able to inform himself & who appointed tells us that Leocides the son of this Phidon Phidon was one of the to yethe Peloponnesians & Megacles the son of Alcmæon an Athenian were at one & the same time suitors or woers of Agarista the daughter of Clisthenes king of Sicyon & that Alcmæon the son of Megacles the son of wchwhich Alcmæon, as Herodotus also tells us, was an Athenian contemporary to Cræsus. & when Cræsus consulted the & enterteined & conducted the messengers wchwhich Cræsus sent to consult the Oracle at Delphos & therefor his for doing so had as much gold given him by Cræsus as he could carry away & the sister of this Alcmæon was the wife of Pisistratus . The same Megacles caused despo deposed Pisistratus & before yethe reign of Pisistratus slew LCylon who attempted to make himself king. Phidon therefore was contemporary to Alcmæon & by consequence to Cræsus & Solon & Pisistratus or not above one generation older & therefore flourished not above 560 or 670 50 or 60 years before the reign of Darius Hystaspis. After the example of Phidon, Solon regulated the weights of the Athenians appointing aPlutarch in Solon. that a pound, wchwhich before conteined 73 drachms, should contain an hundred drachms: & therefore whereas the pieces of Athenian Athenian money wasere called Oxen in Dracos laws he called he called them drac according to ancient [ And whereas the money of yethe Greeks was called Oxen by hHomer i& Daraco in his laws called the Athenian money Oxen; but Solon Pollux l. 9 in his called it drachms: which shews that Solon altered yethe old coin & reduced fitted it for a general commerce by making spthe pieces not equal in value to Oxen but of a certain number of drachms according to his new reformation of the weights . without regarding yethe value of Oxen. ] & so that we may reccon Phidon as old as Solon or a little older. Now Strabo tells us that Phidon was the tenth from Temenus, not the tenth king but in of Argos but the tenth in generation from father to son . For Cisus the son of Temenus lost the kingdom & Phidon recoverd it. From the return of yethe Heraclides under Temenus & his brothers to yethe reign of Darius we recconed s 320 years & if Phido reigned about 60 years before Darius there will be 260 years from Temenus to Phido which being put equal to the nine intervals of the 10 generations make about 29 years to an interval or or generation, recconing one generation with another. Which is long enough
enough for generations propagated by the chief of the family. If from Phidon to the reign of Darius Hystaspis we may reccon two generations more the eleven intervals of these 12 generations will equal take up the interval of time of 320 years wchwhich we recconed between the return of the Heraclides under Tisamenus & his brother & the reign of Darius: wchwhich wchwhich amounts to & thus the intervals or generations will take up 29 wchwhich amounts to makes about 29 years & the intervals or generations will take up about 29 years a piece one wthwith another: wchwhich is long enough for generations propagated by the chief of the family. Some make But if wthwith Chronologers you reccon 4 yea 581 years between yethe return of the Heraclides & the reign of TDarius, there 5will 5be 50 above 50 years a piece to yethe generations wchwhich is much too long.
Some tell us that Caranus was the brother of Phido & founded the kingdom of Macedone, & was succeeded by Perdiccas. But old Herodotus who lived neare enough those times to know the truth, reccons Perdiccas the first kinfounder of that kingdom & first king thereof, & knew nothing of the founding of that kingdom by Caranus. The story seems to make long after in honour of th
The seven first kings of yethe Romans being elective & six of them being either slain or deposed it may be suffice to reccon yethe six at about 10 or 12 years a piece one wthwith another & yethe 7th at 16 or 20. And thus Numa who was a Pythagorean philosopher maight live after Pythagoras Thales Pherecydes & Pythagoras had brought philosophy into Europe. If they be recconed th to ether at about 90 years & to yethe 165 Kings of the Latines between Æneas & Romulus be allowed one wthwith another 20 years a piece, the whole summ of 28390 years counted backwards from yethe beginning of yethe Consuls will place the death of Æneas 36 377 years before yethe reign of Darius Hystaspis, that is 8 years after the taking of Troy. And since Chronologers reccon his death seven years later then the taking of Troy, the taking of ytthat City will be 384 years before yethe reign of Darius. wchwhich differs but one year from orour former recconing.
Pindar introduces Medea prophesying to the Argonauts that Ballus the 17th from Euphemus the son of Neptune should lead a colony from the Island Thera into Lybia & there build Cyrene.
At Corinth from the return of Aletes began his reign at yethe return of the Heraclides & after him reigned ten nine others successively according to Strabo or 10 accor as Chronologers usually reccon & then followed annual Prytans for 90 years according to c or for 124 years according to &c And after them reigned Cypseles & his son Peridander till the reign of D
Hippocrates &c.
208 124124
Thymætes saith further that [ in the war against the Titans Baccus commanded the men & Minerva the weomen ] 300 200 of yethe soldies of Bacchus were bred up with him & were great So wchwhich is the character of Sesostris, that he had in army Libyans & Amazons who were both warriors & virgins & followed Minerva who ✝✝ minded the same way & course of life as they did him for the sake of Minerva & that in the war against the Titans, Bacchus commanded the men & Minerva the weomen, & that Minerva was born at yethe river Triton in Libya & thence called Tritonides Tritogenia & was a virgin all her life & minded the same way & course of life wthwith yethe Amazons being a Virgin all her life & that in the war against the Titans Bacchus commanded the men & Minerva the weomen.
1 They tell us that Bacchus built th the Ci a City called Nysa on the side of the Mountain Merus & planted the mountain with ivy, but where Niysa stood is uncertain. Some place it in India neare yethe river Indus other in Libya & others in Ethiopia but most in Arabia & Homer in that part of Arabia between Syria & Egypt. Bacchus built several cities in his colonies conquests & left colonies there to keep the conquered people in subjection & one or more of might be called by this name. wchwhich is probable because they figured that Bhe was born of Iupiters thigh, that is came from the side of the mountain Meros. perform his conquests [ From his being Deified & worshipped in this city came the his name of Dionysus & the fable that he was born of Iupiters thigh : ] Tfor the side of th a mountain was by the eastern nations called its thigh. & thence & the mountains name Meros signifies a thigh. So from because Pallas grew great by putting in execu serving putting in execution was raised to honour by the will & pleasure yethe designess of Ammon & Bacchus & their de they feigned that shee was born of of Iupiters brain, & because Venus came by the sea to from yethe Islands of Greece by sea to Cyprus where she g grew famous & was deified they feigned that she was born of the sea.
3 Africanus has given us a list of seven kings of yethe Chaldees ancienter then the Æra of Nabonassar., The first of wchwhich is Euechos. I suspect that this King is Bacchus & that & By the name of the first of them wchwhich is Euechous I suspect that these kings were a Dynasty kings founded by Bacchus reigned over some colony left there planted in Chaldea by Bacchus. the first of these wchwhich is Euechus., By This name wchwhich differs so little from Bacchus that This name wchwhich differs very so little from Bacchus that I suspect these king reigned in a colony planted there by him the first of them.
It w It was the custome of the ancients to call th name their Gods by the by the places where they were worshipped as Venus Cypria Venus Paphia, Venus Cytharæa, Venus Amathusia that is Venus & so Dionysus that & so the Arabians of Ds formed Dionysus named Dionysus from the city T Nysa. Dr Pocock aequaints Du-Ny Du in Arabic is lord Du-Nisa in Lord Arabic is Lord of Nysa
2 When the Arabians would express their admiration of any extra ordinary extraordinary great thing any thing to be great with admiration they say Bacche Bacches that is Magnus Magnus Great Great whence came the name of Bacchus & from yethe City Nysa they formed Du-Nysa that is Lord of Nysa the name Dionysus Dio-nysus the word Du & in yethe oblique case Di signifying Lord in yethe Arabick their language as Dr Pocock informs us. They had only two Gods Bacchys & Vraniua.
2 From yethe City Nysa the Arabians formed Dionysius the name Dionysus the word Du or Di & in the oblique case Di signifying Lord in their language as Dr Pocock informs us, &
4. 4 When Bacchus came out of from India into Asia minor it is to be conceived that he invaded the Islands of the Cyclades in order to bring his fleet into the Hellespont for passing over into Europe, & then it was that he tooke Ariadne from Theseus. If we may suppose this to be about 11 or 12 years after the death of Solomon & that Theseus was then about 21 years old being a beardless youth, & that when he stole Hellena he was 50 years old & he stole Hellena Homer as plutarch affirms a child of but 10 years old as authors tell us & that when Paris stole her when she was about 20 years old & that Troy was destroyed 20 years after as Homer reccons. when she was 20 years before the last year of yethe Trojan war as Homer affirms & that she was then about 20 when Paris stole her she was about 18 or 20 years old: the taking of Troy will be about 70 years after the death of Solomon as above. And if we may further suppose that Minos was born two or three years after the rapture of Europa & that he was about 46 years old when his eldest son Androgeus overcame at yethe Panathaenæa & was slain & that three or four or five years more were spent he in the war between Androgeus Minos & A the Athenians before Androgeus matters were agreed & 16 years more twice eight years more befo sending children the third time thrice to the Minotaur before Theseus conque overcame him, the birth of Minos rapture of Europa will be about the 223 22th th year of David
David where we placed it above. . Some tell us that there were two Minoses one yethe granson of yethe other but Homer, Apollodorus & Strabo k & the people of Crete knew of but one.
Since Oeagrus in marrying begeatting Orpheus of Calliope after Bacchus came over the Hellespont if we may suppose that Orpheus at yethe time of yethe Argonautic expedition was about 20 or 254 old [ that Argonautic expedition will be about 35 or 40 years after the death of Solomon. I ] & that it was so long many years before the Greeks built the SpShip Argo after the pattern of the long ship of in wchwhich Danaus came into Greece, the Argonautic expedition will be about 365 340 years after the death of Solomon & one Generation before the destruction of Troy & one generation before the taking of Troy.
Amphyictyon the son of Deucalion is usually supp recconed among the kings of Athens. And because there was an Amphyction who reigned at Thermopylæ & instituted the Concilium Amphictyonicum, some reccon that there were two Amphictyons one reigning at Thermopylæ & another at Athens,. I had rather say that Amp
The kings of Athens are usually recconed Cecrops, Cranaus, Amphictyon, Erecthonius or Erectheus, Pandion, Erectheus Cecrops II, Pandion II, Ægrus, Theseus, & yet both Amphictyon & Theseus reigned when Bacchus came into Europe. These could not be therefore all of them successive kings of Athens, but some of them must be either feigned Kings or Viceroys or contemporary kings reigning in several placesparts of Attica & some of them perhaps some some perhaps in other places of them were feigned. places at once. Athens was not yet the Metropolis of Attica The several Cities hadv ing several Kings besides The 12 head cities might have as many kings. Amphyictyon who instituted first convened the Concilium Amphictyonicum reigned at Thermopylæ, & might have some one or more cities in Attica Its probable that he instituted that he first he convened that council on occasion of Bacchus's coming invading Europe. that Council. began Whether there were any more then one Erectheus, one Cecrops, one Erectheus & one Pandion may be doubted. Th I see no necessity of making more successive kings of Attica before Ægeus then Cecrops & his sons in law Cranaus & brother Erectheus & th Pandion the son of Erectheus. The second Erectheus came from Egypt is recconed the brother of the second Cecrops: I suspect him to be the brother of the first Cecrops because they both came from Egypt. They tell us that this Erectheus brought corn out of Egypt, & from that time if so the Greeks began to hadve corn a little a little before the coming of Osiris TAnd whether there were more then one Amphictyon one Cecrops one Erectheus & one Pandion may be doubted.
And since Bacchus came into Europe in the days of Amphyictyon the son of Deucalion & when Theseus had newly succeded his father AEgeusin the beginning of the reign of Theseus : it discovers to us the occasion of uniting first the 12 cities of Attica into one polity under Athens by Theseus & the seven nations of Greece then also Athens & many other in the Amphictyonic a common council by Amphictyon Athens & other six principal cities of Greece into one of yethe Amphictyonic common Councils by Amphictyon. they Athens & other head cities of Greece into yethe several the common Amphictyonic Councils. at Thermophylæ, at Delphos & in the Island Calaunia by by the Kings who from thence were calle by the kings of those cities by Amphictyon & other kings of those Greek cities by the kings thence called Amphictyons. at Delphos & Thermophylae by this Amphictyon. I know that in the series of yethe Kings of Athens from Cecrops to Theseus Amphictyon is some generations older then Theseus. But Athens was not yethe Metropolis of Attica before yethe reign of Theseus that series is wthwith me of little credit. Before The 12 head cities of Attica might have as many kings before A Athens was not then the metropolis of Attica., Some of those kings might reign in several places at & in what cities those kings reigned is uncertain. Some of them might be contemporary, some of them only several names of the same king. The second E Erectheus is recconed brother to yethe second Cecrops, I suspect that he was brother to yethe first because both came from Egypt & by consequence that yethe second Cecrops wa first & second Cecrops were one & yethe same king And whether Amphictyon was king of Athens may be doubted. There was another Amphictyonic Council erected about yethe same time or not long before at Thermopylæ by another Amphictyon.
This cCouncil met every half year alternatively at D Thermopylæ & Delphos. in spring at Delphos & autumn at Delphos & Thermophylae alternately, & was instituted by Acrisius the grandfa king the grandfather of Perseus & king of Argos. Whence I gather that When Acrisius went from Argos into Thessaly they say & Macedonia where they say he he fled from was accidentally killed by his grandson Perseus, it is to be understood that upon he went from Argos to convene the nations of Greece against Sesostris who was the & who for their common safety & then ordeined & formed this Councel & by their advice & assistance raised the army wthwith wchwhich his grandson Perseus led against opposed the Egyptians & slew many of the Mænades.
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The western Ethiopians or Libyan Ethiopians This is the Libyan or or western western Ethiopia. The Arabic or Eastern called Chus where they fought wthwith is to be referred to the government of being under Hercules , as may be known by his Club. For who by his club seems to be a Megabar-Ethiopian Blemmyei. Antæus seems to be the same man with Atlas the granfath Astronomer & Grandfather of Mercury. Both were Egyptians both were Terræ filij or Titans, both invaded Eg reigned over Libya, both invaded Egypt both were slain overcome by Hercules & both reigned over Libya . Nor do the names disagree. הτל Hata'l false Antæus, false Antæus by contraction becomes Atlantæus, Atlas. And while the sea was called by the name of Atlas he seems to be Neptune the God of the sea
Cyrene is a long & narrow piece of grown lying upon the sea
The outmost parts of the earth & promonteries & whatsoever borders upon the sea the Egyptians called Nephthys, And such is Cyrene. It is a long & narrow country border runing w lying upon the Mediterranean & the inhabitants thereof Geographers take to be the Naphtuim mentioned in scripture. Hence came the name of Neptune, for Neptune was a sea God
Atlas gave his
The Ocean round all Afric was anciently called the Atlantic sea & thence Nept wchwhich implies that Atlas was a sea God, & I take him to be Neptune. For Neptune was first worshipped in Africa & therefore he was king of that country region . He was an Egyptian by birth being the brother of Iupiter & Pluto, & son of Saturn.
& from & from from yethe name of the mountain wchwhich signifies a thigh was said to be born of Iupiters thigh wchwhich is mos probable because they came from feign that he was born of that in that mountain then came from thence to perform his conquests.
The weight & value of the Gold & silver in the new wrought Plate brought from Uigo & delivered into yethe Treasury of yethe Mint Jan 28. Feb. 15 & Mar 5. 1702/3.
1 An Altar Piece weighing 170 Marks Spanish W.8117. 2. 10350.00.00
2 Seven pieces of Altar Plate in a case W.12 1/211. 1. 532. 9. 9
3 Six Images wthwith Pedestles W.82143. 2. 15121/ 6. 0
4 A Holy-water Pot in a case W. 174. 3. 569 12. 5. 0
5 Six Silvers covered wthwith Philligree workSix spoons set wthwith counterfeite gemms A crown set wthwith counterfeit gemms
5 A Crucifix & pair of Beads10. 9. 6.
6 Six guilt Salvers covered wthwith Philligree work21. 3. 910. 3. 530. 16. 9
7 A large Basin W 16 & Ewre W 7221. 3. 0534. 6. 6 60. 7. 2 62. 7. 0
8 A large Another large Basin (w 14) & Ewre (w 6 1/2)22. 3. 1562. 17. 10
9 A small Basin & Ewre w 128. 6. 025. 12. 9
10 Another small Basin & Ewre w 128. 5. 025. 0. 8
11 A stand of Chocolate Potts & Tea Cups wthwith a sugar box in yethe ,iddle W 5 1/212. 7. 538. 2. 1
12 A large Chocolate Pot W 88. 5. 025. 3. 0
13 Another small Chocolate Pot W 80 1/23. 4. 109. 19. 4
14 Six Salvers for Chocolate & Chocolate & Tea & Coffee7. 3. 022. 3. 4
16 A Salver covered wthwith Mother of Pearl.4. .
17 A Writing Stand with a Bell & vessels for ink sand &c about it w 5 1/213. 3. 040. 1. 2
18 Eleaven new Plates14. 11. 019 Twelve Plates16. 4. 1520 Eight Plates9. 7. 521 Twelve Plates15. 1. 522 Thirteen Plates17. 0. 1023 Fifteen Plates19. 7. 1024 Twelve Plates15. 8. 1525 Twelve Plates16. 4. 1526 Thirty Plates45. 2. 527 Two new Basins11. 6. 5
126 2
Dy Diodorus tells us that the Egyptians sent out many colonies & that Belus the son of Neptune & Libya carried Colonies thence into Babylonia & seating himself on Euphrates instituted Priests who were free from taxes & publick expences after the manner of the Priests of Egypt, calling them Chaldæans who who & were called Chaldæans & after the example of the Priests & Astronomers of Egypt might observed the starrs. By calling Belus the son of Neptune he describes represents him a Mariner Such as Oadnes was. & may mean Osiris whom the Egyptians make as old as the Chalæans the Belus Euphratensis & Bacchus of the Arabians do Oannes. For he Osiris was the Bacchus of the Arabians & the Belus Euphratensis & seems to have carried the study of Astronomy into Chaldea as well as into Libya & Greece, & the Egyptians makd him as old as the Chaldæans did Oannes & seems to mean the Belus Euphratensis of the Chaldeas, the king of Egypt whom the Chaldæans & Assyrians celebrated by the name of Belus & who had a Temple ain Babylon wthwith brazen gates & By calling him also the son of Libya he points out a western Prince., So P & by deducing the his the colonies from Egypt he makes him a king of Egypt & of Libya . So aa in Messeniac. p. 261. Pausanias: The Babylonian Belus hath his name from Belus an Egyptian the son of Libya. To this Belus the famous temple in the middle of Babylon was dedicated, & on the top of it they observed the starrs. This Belus for [But this Temple might be erected to him long after his death So then the Egyptians in yethe reign of Osiris propagated Astronomy not only into Lyibiy & Greece but also into Chaldæa; & then Chaldæan Asterisms might be of theat same antiquity wthwith . But Astronomy was then in its infancy, & the Chaldæans did not want it for sea affairs. I ] And the Egyptians made this Belus ,(( by the name of Osiris) as old as the Chaldeans made Oannes. P So then the Eyptians in the reign days of Osiris propagated Astronomy not only into Libya & Greece but also into Chaldea, [ & the Chaldean Asterisms might be of that standing antiquity: ] B but Astronomy was then in its infancy & the Chaldeans were no seamen. They had no encouragement to study apply themselves much to Astronomy till the Egyptians who fled from Sabbacon brought in Astrology among them & the Egyptian year into Chaldea , & set on foot the Æra of Nabonassar. Till those days their year was Lunisolar, a year unfit for Astronomical Observations.
But the eastern nations Chaldæans raised their antiquities like other nations, & I had rather beleive that letters & & Astrononomymy & Agriculture & Architecture came were brought came into Chaldea by Oannes long before they came into Libya & Europe. about the same time that they came into yibya, Asia minor & Greece, or not long before; & by consequen so might be first carried thither by colonies of Edomites who fled by sea from David, & by colonies the fleet of yethe Egyptian fleet in the days of Solomon & Rehoboam Abia & Asa. / Diodorus tells us that Astronomy was carried into Chaldæa by a colony of Egyptians under Belus the son of Neptune & Libya, & by calling him the son of Neptune he is representeds him a seaman like Oannes. When the Egyptians carried Astronomy westward into Libya & Europe they carried it also eastward into Chaldæa. But
– in his army against Ahab. 1 King. 20.16.
When navigation was so far improved – propagated beyond yethe straits.
The Sicanians were repputed – – of Sicily. They built little villages – common king.
~ ~ Philistims saith that they Sicanians who were transplanted into Sicily from the river Sicanus in Spain – – – first inhabitants of that island. For it was the custome – – contemporary to Evande. Ceres is said to come from Sicily a little earlier. And perhaps that Island might begin to be known to the Egyptiatians in the reign of David. from the time that they conquered Libya.
The first inhabitants of Crete – before, & scarce above.
And the island Cyprus & Asterius & Minos.
All these footsteps there are – – & its islands. The antiquities of Libya were not much older – – older then Abraham on this side India. Abraham was the fift from Peleg, & all manking lived together in Chaldea under the government of Noah & his sons &c.
Polyphides (the fift from Sicyon, is also to be omitted, as being unknown to the ancienter Greeks.
Between the death of Ægeus Theseus & that of Codrus there reigned seven kings besides Aphidas who reigned but one year. And between the death of Codrus & the first annual decennial Archon there reigned twelve Archons for life. These at 17 years apiece one with another take up 119 years to the death of Codrus & 204 years years more to the first decennial Archon
Solomon reigned 40 years 1 King. 11.42.
Ierobeam reigned 22 years.
Rehoboam reigned 17 years 1 King. 14.21.
Abijah reigned 3 years beginning in yethe 18th of Ieroboam. 1 King. 15.1, 2.
Asa reigned 41 years beginning in yethe 20th of Ieroboam. 1 King. 15.9, 10.
Nadab yethe son of Ieroboam reigned 2 years beginning in yethe 2d y. of Asa. 1 King. 1 King. 15.25.
Baasha slew him & succeeded him in yethe 3d year of Asa & reigned 24 years. 1 King. 15.28, 33
Elah yethe son of Baash succeeded him in the 26th of Asa & reigned 2 years. 1 King. . 16.8
Zimri slew him in the 28 27th y. of Asa & reigned 7 days in Tirzah. 1 King . 16.15
Omri rmade king by the people, reigned 12 years. 6 years in Tirzah. then in Samaria. 1 King. 16.23.
But Omri was opposed by Zimri & Tibni till the reigned 31th of Asa.
Ahab yethe son of Omri reigned in yethe 38 of Asa & reigned 22 years. 1 King. 16.29.
Iehosaphat f. Asa began in yethe 4th of Ahab & reigned 25 years. 1 King. 22.41, 42.
Ahaziah. f. Ahab. began in 17th of Iehosaphat & reigned 2 years. 1 King. 22.51.
IehoranIehoram f. Ahab. began in 18 of Iehosaphat & reigned 12 years 2 King 2.1.
Iehoram f. Iehosaphat began in 5t y. of Iehoram f. Ahab, & reigned 8 years. 2 King. 8.16, 17.
Ahaziah f. Ioram f. Iehosaphat began in 12 11 Ioram f Ahab, & reigned one year. 2 King 8. 25, 26 9. 29
Ioram f. Ahab. & Ahaziah & Iezebel slain by Iehu.
IRerhoboam 17.Ieroboam 22
Abia 3. b. 18 Ierob.Nadab 2 b. 2 Asa
Asa 41 b 20 IerobBaahsha 24 b. 3 Asa
Iehosaphat f. 25 b. 4 AhabElah 2 b. 26 Asa
Iehoram f. 8 b. 5 Iehor.Omri 12 b 27 Asa
Ahaziah f. 1 b. 1211 Iehor.Ahab 22 b 38 Asa
Ahasiah 2 b 17 Iehos.
Iehoram 12 18 Iehos.
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As Cities grow great & populous in proportion to their dominion. When yethe Thebans by expelleing the shepherds became lords of all Egypt, their city grew would grow greater then before & still greater when but not arrived not to its greatness till Sestostris having Autumn & his son they conquered the nations round about & built it accordingly. Their conquests were Th as follows.
Sesostris being educated for war was sent by his
After Ammon havding educated his son Sesostris for war he sent him wthwith those who were educated with with an army into Arabia, that Arabia wchwhich lies between Egypt & sthe red sea, & Sesostris being accompanied wthwith those who were brought up with him, met with trouble from Serpents destroyed the Serpents & overcoming And while Sesostris built new Temples in his conquests its probable that
And in like manner cities wdeified such of their dead kings & Heros as had been their benefactors & built sepulchres to them in form of Temples where appointing a year with yearly ceremonies solemnities . to be there performed. And whe And sometimes where the temples were endowed with revennues for maintaining a succession of Priests with proper ceremonies f& the worship & bearing the charge of sacrifices wchwhich made the worship more famous & lasting. This Cinyras built temples to his dead mistress ✝
✝ & where the king has reigned over much people & had more temples erected tho him in serveral places it made his worship of the greater extent. so that the greatest kings King & conquerors became the greatest Gods. Thus Cyinyras Cinyras built several Temples to his dead mistress whereby she became the Dea Syria & Which Kingdoms were but small Thus The Greecians in yethe ages next before yethe Trojan war built Temples to almost all their dead kings & famous men as you may read in Pausanias & this practise they learn of the Eg Phenicians & Egyptians.
Thus The Greecians in Paus the ages next before the Trojan wars built Temples to all all their almost all their dead kings & famous men & as you may read in Pausanias & thies same humour was then practise was theny in use amongst learnt yethe Phenicians & GEgyptians. Which makes it probable that the some of yethe Egyptian Temples above mentioned in Ethi built by Sesostris built by Sesostris upon the coasts of yethe Red sea were en built by Sesos & in wchwhich Sesostris built in his conquests were for built to the memory of his father Ammon according to these verses dest of verses of Lucan
Quamvis – Æthiopum
with this inscription in the sacred Egyptian letters. Sesoosis King of Kings & Lord of Lords overcame this country by his arms. In those pillars the privy member of a man was exprest where the nations were stout & warlike & that of a weomen where they were timorous . & faint In some places he erected also shis own statue in stone holding a bow & lance & being in height 4 cubists & 4 palms wchwhich was his own height stature. Antheodorus saith that he conquered most of the nations of Greece & Herodotus that he passed over the Danube. His words are: Sesostris having a great army went through yethe continent subduing all nations before him untill passing over out of from Asia into Europe he subdued the Scythians & Trahracians to whom & no further the Egyptian army seems to have come because in those re their territories there appear pillars erected & not beyond them. Some of those Most of thoese pillars were gone before Herodotus's time but some he saw in Palestine with the Egyptian writing & weomens genitals & in Ionia there were two of his statues statues of Sesostris then remaining one in the way from Ephesus
Ephesus into Phocœa & the other between Sardes & Smyrna, both each holding a dart in the right hand & a bow in the left & beam coming the rest of their armature being Eboth Ethiopic & Egyptian & between the should upon yethe brest from sholder to sholder this inscription in sacred Egyptian letters. I obteined this region with my arms.
Sesostris in his return left a colony of Egyptians at Colchos upon the river Phasis as Herodotus Diodorus & other affirm
This expedition of Sesostris g
Sesostris described all his io
Eustathus tells us ytthat He caused also geographical Tables to be made of conquests & comm gave copies of theose tables as well to ytthat Scythians as not only to yethe Egyptians to but also th to yethe Scythians, that is to yethe Colony by means of yethe Egyptians at Colchos that is to yethe people at Colchos. Which have a beginning to Geography. P The
In his return he left a colony part of his army at Colchos for the peo as Herodotus Diodorus & others affirm. For the Whence it came to pass that the people at Colchos anciently spake the Egyptian language & like yethe Egyptians used circumcision & ware linnen garments & had crisp hair & a dark complexion & had commerce with the Egyptians, one Xenocrates sailing in summer to Phasis & in winter into Egypt. And Ætes king of Colchos was called the son of the Sun after the manner of the Kings of Egypt & his wife & daughters were famous for skill in the vertues of plants like the Egyptians. For Homer tells us that Egypt abounded wthwith plants both medicinal & deadly & ytthat the Egyptians were skilled in medicine above all other mortalls being yethe progeny of Apollo. Andlso Sesostris communicated left with the people of Colchos the Geographical Tables wchwhich he made of his his Conquests. For Eustathius tells us that he made such Tables & communicated them not only to the Egyptians but also to the Scythians by the Scythians meaning the inhabitants Colchos. And these Tables gave a beginning to Geography.
2 Iustin – – – – fugitives
1 Pliny tells us – – – – Colchosque vocari Iuperet.
And for greater security of the pass Sesostris seems to have left a colony in that part of Cappadocia wchwhich lies borders upon Colchos another part of his army consisting mixt of Egyptians, Philistims & the the shepphers those old enemies of Egypt. For there Bochartd – – – – – out of Egypt & from whom the Philistins afterward returned back from captivity into their own land – – – – – Caphtor. Ier. 47.4. And between these & the Euxin on the western border of next theis colony by the Euxine Sea upon the Euxine Sea at yethe river Thermodon on yethe Euxine sea he placed a colony of his weomen whom yethe Greeks called Amazons
Sesostris having spent nine years in this expedition commanded the nations according to their ability to bring guifts yearly into Egypt & he himself having out done all former kings with yethe greatness of his actions in the 14th year of Rehoboam returned back into Egypt wthwith the captives & other spoiles of wchwhich he had gathered a vast quantity. In the Among other captives he seems to have carried with him away Ti Tithonus the son Son of Laomedon king of Troy, Tit & bro a youth a very beautiful youth to a proverb, wchwhich Tithonus saith Diodorus was the son of Laomedon & brother of Priam & warring in the eastern part went as far as Ethiopia [that is, went carried away in the army of Sesostris as far as Thebais] whence came the fable of Memnons being the son of [ Tithonus & ] Aurora. Hesiod calls Memnon the son of Tithonus & Aurora & Pinder calls Memnon him the son of Aurora & cousin german of Troilus wchwhich Troilus was one of the sons of Priam, & Hesiod calls him the son of Tithonus & Aurora. He lived to a very great age & spent his days in yethe Court & armieys of the Kings of Egypt If when he was captivated wchwhich was in the 14th year of Rehoboam we may suppose his younger brother Priam to have been a child the taking of Troy wchwhich happened when Priam began to be d infirm with old age may be recconed about 55 or 60 or 65 years after later then the return of Sesostris into Egypt & by consequence about 750 years later then the death of Solomon as above.
When Sesostris undertoo having sp
When Sesostris was returning home he received notice that his brother Armais (whom yethe Greeks
129
Greeks call Danaus) had revolted & usurped the crown of Egypt, wchwhich made heim hasten to Pelusium. There Armais making some stay his brother Armais entertained him & his wife & children in a banquet & when he had lied made them asleep Armais, whom the Greeks call Danaus, plotted to destroy him by enterteining inviting h. to a feast & setting fire to the house
When Sesostris came back to Pelusium, his brother Armais who the Gree in his absence had revolted & usurped the crown, plodtted to destryoy him by inviting him to a feast & setting fire to yethe house in the night when he was heavy with wine & asleep – – – four children. Armais whom the Greeks call Danaus, having by his wives & concubines many daughters whom he had married to the sons of Sesostris – – but Sesostris escaping recov the fire with his wife & four children recovered his kingdom & Danaus fled with his daughters to Rhodos in a long ship of 5 & thence to Greece in a long ship of 50 oars . This flight was therefore in yethe 14 & 15th years of Rehoboam. And after the pattern of this ship the Greeks built the ship Argo wchwhich was the first long ship built by the Greeks. Whence we may reccon ytthat the Argonautic Expedition to have been was about 25 or 30 years after the death of Solomon. This expedition For it was in the reign of Ætes the aa. Steph. Αἶα founder of the royal city Æa & first Egyptian king of Colchos. & Son of yethe Sun or first Egyptian king of Colchos.
Sesostris being returned home adorned all the temples of Egypt wthwith excellent guifts & yethe spoiles of his enemies, & in every city built a new temple to that God wchwhich the city chiefly worshipped & imploying only only captives in these works, wrote upon every Temple thisat inscription none of the natives were imployed in building it. He cut ditches from the river Nile into all the parts of Egypt as high as Memphys for supplying the cities wthwith water & for carying to them corn – – – fortified them
As Sesostris in his conquests , & triumphs , & magnificence & greatn works & benefactions to Egypt outdid all other kings so the Egyptians for his greatness & benefactions to them honoured him above after his death above all other their kings. worship erecting temples wthwith successions of Priests to him & endowing them & celebrating his memory with anniversary solemnities thoughoutthroughout all egypt & worshipping him under the name of the great Sihor Sirius or O-Siris. For And the [And that Cranaus worshipped him under the name of Bacchus For Sesostris Osiris & Bacchus were one & the same king .] For the Egyptians tell us that Osyris built Thebes Dicæarcus apud Appollonij Scholiastem Argonaut. l. 4. v. 272. makes saith that Sesostris the successor of Orus the son of Osiris, Sesonchosis reigned next after Orus the son of Osiris & Isis, but Sesostris & Osiris were the same king. For the Egyptians tell us that Osiris built Thebes – – – – to steale away Some authors as Dicæarcus & Dicearcus makes Osiris but two generations older then Sesonchosis, other For the Egyptians tell us that Osiris built Thebes – – – to steale away. Dicæarcus makes Osiris two generations older then Sesonchosis, others make him still older but by his being contemporary to Licurgus & Triptolemus he lived but two or three generations before the Trojan war & so could be no other then Sesostris.
Osiris went through the world with very little use of arms – – – into his enemy.
Bacchus is generally accounted one & the same God with Osiris. So HerodotusHerod. l. 2. : Osiris in the greek tongue is Dionysius that is Bacchus And again: All yethe Egyptians do not worship the same gods except Isis & Osiris whom they affirm to be Bacchus. And DiodorusDiodor. l. 1. : Some of the Greek ancient Greek Mythologists (as Eumolpus & Orpheus) call Osiris Dionysus & sirname him Sirius. amongst whom Eumolpus & & amongst them & particularly Eumolpus & Orpheus. call him Dionysus call him Dionysus And again: The Egyptians interpret Osiris to be Bacchus & Isis Ceres. And again: The ceremonies & rites of Osiris agree in every thing wthwith those of Bacchus & those of Isis & Ceres wer are the same, differing in nothing but the name In like manner So Andlso PlutarchPlutarch in Iside. tells us that Bacchus is no other then Osiris! this opinion he confirms by the authority of again that Anticlides who saith that Isis was the daugther of Promotheus & his wife of Bacchus, & by Again And that Ivy wchwhich the Greeks is consecrated to Bacchus is by the Egyptians called Chenosiris wchwhich word signifies the plant of Osiris. And The Egyptians say that Orpheus brought over most of the religious rites & ceremonies concerning the celebration of Org & fable of Hell: for
145
Bacchus is therefore yethe same with Osiris & Sesostris is
And that Bacchus & Osiris are the same appears further by the agreement of their history. For the Egyptia this Bacchus with his armies went through – – – returned back to Thebes. In his way toward Iudia he made a bridge – – – – – because they were weomen. When Bacchus came into Europe – – –
– & therefore Bacchisus was contemporary to Osiris & Sesostris. All three were Egyptians & Kings of the same age, all thr & Kings of & reigned over Egypt. All three were the greatest conquerors that ever were & conquered the same regions going over all Syria all Asia & India, all three passed over the Hellespont & Subdued Thrace & were there in danger of losing their army. All three put an end to their expedition in Thrace & returned from & having All three subdued Thrace, & there put an end to their progress & returned back from thence into Europe Egypt. All three left pillars with inscriptions in their conquests & it is not likely that all these characters can agree to more persons then one. Add that all three were the sons of Ammon For The Greeks say that O make reccon Osyris & Bacchus the sons of Juppiter & the Egyptian name of Iupiter is Ammon, & Thymætes –.
Some make Io yethe daughter of Inachus to be Isis. Others say that Niobe the daughter of Phoroneus was the mother of Iupiter begat Apis Serapis or Osiris of Niobe the daughther of Phoroneus & others make Apis to be the son of Phoroneus & sister of Niobe. Which fictions were grounded upon the Synchonism of Io & Niobe with Ammon Osiris & Isis with Io & Niobe & her children & by consequēconsequence with David & Solomon & Rehoboam or some of them. Most of The Greeks usually joyned Bacchus Apollo & the Muses & Apollo Musigetes & ascribed to them the Orgia & Choruses & sacred mysteries & calling Bacchus the prince of the mysteries. And Strabo ytthat In Thrace which was conquered by Bacchus conquered the Muses were originally celebrated originally Pieria Olympus Pimpla & Libethrum were anciently places of Thrace in Thrace & the Thracians of Bœotia consecrated Helicon to the Muses & they who fitrst who cultivated yethe ancient Music, Orpheus Musæus & Thamyris were Thracians. And while all Asia as far as India was consecrated to Bacchus, they brought thence also a great part of Music. Strabo l. 10. p. 468, 471
By all wchwhich it is manifest that Bacchus is but another name of but another name of Osiris & Seso or Sesostris. All three
recconing the Iews were released from captivity in the first year of Cyrus while Darius was yet alive, [ that is in the Iewish year wchwhich began with the month Nisan in the year of Nabonassar 210, & was the seventith year of Nebuchadnezzars reign over Iudea. For if it was they were released in the first year of Cyrus after the death of Darius, there will be two years between the fall of Babylon & the release of the Captivity & seventy two years between the invasion & conquest of Iudea beginning of the serviceservitude of the Iews in the third year of Iehojakim & that their release in the first year of Cyrus. But in the other recconing the servitude of the Iews lasted just seventy years. ]
Some date the seventy years from the captivity of Iehojakim, others from that of Zedekiah, but they are plainly the duration of the reign of the king of Babylon over Iudea & over the neighbouring nations, & end with the fall of his kingdom and with the first year of Cyrus 2 Chron 36.21, 22. Ier 25.1, 12. Yet there seems to be another seventy years of Gods Indignation against Ierusalem & the cities of Iudah wchwhich began with the siege of Ierusalem in the end of the tenth year of Zedekiah, Anno Nabonass. 158 and ended with the rebuilding of the Temple in the second year of Darius Hystaspis, Anno Nabonass. 228. Zech. 1.12. between to be counted from the burning of the Temple & rebuild in yethe 11.th year of Zedekiah to the rebuilding thereof in the 2d or 4th years of Darius Hystapis. Zech. 1.12 & 7.5. during wchwhich time the Iews had fasted in the 5t month in wchwhich the Temple was burnt In those 70 years they Iews fasted in the fift month in memory on account of the conflagration of the Temple.
Now it's very remarkable that this Prophesy was the in that month. &And when they had fasted 70 times they cause sent to yethe house of the Lord to enquire of the Priests & Prophets whether they should continue to that fast any l more in the fift month longer This message was in the th 4th year of Darius in the ninth month (Anno Nabonass. 230 finientes) & therefore the last 70th last fast of the 70 was in yethe 5t month preceeding Anno Nabonass. 230 which this month was just 70 years after the conflagration of yethe Temple. They err therefore who suppose the Temple burnt above 70 years before the Reign of Darius.
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from all wchwhich I gather that P Erechtheus was three short generations or about 70 years older then Dædalus & three two long
Cecrops, Cranaus & Amphictyon
This makes me of opinion that he Erechtheus did not inherit his fathers kingdom but succeeded not his father Pandion by right of inheritance but some other king, suppose Amphictyon, by right of Election. Cranaus the predecessor of Amphictyon was the father of Rharus the father of Celeus, & therefore contemporary to Erechthonius. And if For Celeus was contemporary to Erechtheus. – Hence it seems that Whence So then its probable that Cecrops the predecessor of Cranaus might begian his reign in the days of Eli.
Perseus was the father of Eurotas the father of Sparta Alcæus – – – –
The Ægyptians were conquered successively by the Ethiopians, Assyrians Babylonians & Persians & by these conquests their Antiquities & Records were from time to time impaired & at length destroyed & carried away by Artaxerxes Ochus king of Persia. After wchwhich and From that time the Greeks left off travelling into Egypt for knowledge. W
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For the Hono.bleHonourable Doctor Isaac Newton Master - Worker of the Mint
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Theses the golden Ram, the fiery Bull, the Argonauts Castor & Pollux, & the swan of their mother Læda & Theseus the ship Argo The Dragon wchwhich kept the fleece, the Cup of Medea, & a Crow pecking the carcass of the Dragon to expr denote his being slain. Theres the Centaur Chiron with his altar & sacrifice, the harp of Orpheus, & the Argonaut Hercules & his dart arrow. Theres the story of Cepheus Cassiopæia Andromeda Cetus & Perseus. Orion with higs doggs & hare & Scorpion & river.
Thales revived Astronomy among the Greeks & wrote a book of the Tropicks & Equinoxes. He began to flourish about 324 years after the time where we have placed the Argonautic expeditin & in that Æquinoxes time the card. points wougld go backward 4gr 30' & so be in the removed from the middles of the signes into the middle of the 11th degree thereof. Pliny tells us that Thales – – – 11th degree of Cancer. But it being placed in the middles of the signs by these who formed the sphere, he might favour lean to their opinion so far as to place it in the beginning of the twelft degree.
Meton & Euctemon – Solomon or thereabouts.
Hipparchus Rhodius – – – – rate of a degree in an hundred years.
& so might be found by Thales in ♈ & ♎ 11gr 36' or taking the next or thereabouts [ For Thales wrote a book of the Tropicks & Equinoxes & therefore observed them & published his Observations & so in the days of Thales be ] Pliny tells us that Thales determined – – 11 degree of Cancer. ] After the Argonautic expedition & death of Palamedes Trojan war we hear nothing more of Astronomy till the days of Thales. He revived Astronomy & wrote a book of the Tropics & Equinoxes, & Pliny tells us that he determined the occasus matudtinus of the Pleiades – – – 11 degree of Cancer. It had therefore moved backwars between 34 & 5 degrees, or about 4 1/2 since the Argonautic Expedition & this motion after yethe rate of 72 years to a degree answers to 324 years Count these years back from the 41th Olympiad in wchwhich Thales was a yong man fit for Astronomical studies: & the recconing will place the Argonautic Expedition 42 years after yethe death of Solomon as above. But Thale in publishing his book about the Equinoxes might lean a little to the opinion of former Astronomers who placed the Cardinal points in the middles of the signes &so as in publishing his afforesaid Book places them in the beginning of the 12th degree thereof.
In the end of the year 1689 the star called Prima Arietis was in ♉♈ 28. 51. 00 with sout north Latitude 7. 8. 58 And the star called ultima laudæ Arietis was in ♉ 19. 3. 42. with north latitude 2. 34. 5. And the Colurus Æquinoctioorum passing through the middle point between these two starrs did then cut the Ecliptick in ♉ 76. 45. 32.32 π 288. 37
But perhaps it may be better to depend upon the Colureis drawn through several stars so that the errors of the starrs on either side of each Colure may correct & ballance one another
In the neck of the swan are yethe stars η & χ of the 4th & 5t mag. Their longitudes in the end of that year ♉ ♒ 8. 37. 28 & ♒ 4. 36. 37 & the s longitude of the middle point between the ♒ 6. 37. 2 Colurus between them a degree from each. & a degree from κ in the north wing of the 4th magn. & I agree 23 ' minutes from ο a star of yethe 5t magn. in the left arm of Cepheus.
In the left arm of Cepheus rightly delineated is a star of the 5t magnitude called ο by Bayer. Its longitude in the end of the said year was ♉ 5. 42. 36 The colures 32' from it
This Colurus passes in the middle between the starrs η & χ of yethe 4th & 5th magnitudes in the neck of the Swan of the being distancte of about a degree at the being at the distance of a degree from each, & by the star κ of yethe 4th magn in the north wing of yethe swan & 23' & 23' from ο a star of yethe 5t magn. in yethe left arm of Cepheus. And so it has all the characters of the Colurus solstitiorum rightly drawn. 36. 29. 2592 35 . 10" = 2627. 1689 938 42 years after yethe d of Solomon.
And the Equinox in yethe end of the year 1689 was gone back 36gr 44' since the Argonautic Expedition.
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The Israelites fell into great troubles several times & every time their worship was interrupted & their Antiquities scattered. In the reign high Priesthood of Eli The Philistims reigned over them took their Ark & took out of it the book of the Law . for when so that For at the dedication of the temple of Solomon, when the Arc whas brought into the most hHoly, there was nothing in it but the two Tables 1 King. 8.9. 2 When Sesak came out of Egypt & spoiled the Temple & brought Iudea into subjection the Iews continued under great troubles for about twenty years being without the true God & without a teaching Priest ., & without the Law. 2 Chron 12.3 When the Assyrians captivates Manasses the Pr service of God was inter In the reign of Manasses when he built altars to the host of heaven in both courts of the Temple & the Assyrians captivated the Iews, the book of the Laws was lost till the 128 year of Iosiah when Hilkiah found it in the rubbish of the Temple. And in In Nebuchadnezzar burnt the Temple & ceased the worship of God ceased fo many years. And Antiochus Epiphanes ordered the books of Temple to be prophaned & the books of the Laws to be burnt wherever they could be found. And by the like disasters the oldest records of almo all nations have been scattered & lost. The Persians Tyrians kept recorded kept annals of their publick affairs but the The TMedes enter kept registers of their A their publick Acts in the days of Cyrus & had the Records of the nation actions of Assyrians & other nations whom they conquered. Ezra 4.15, 19, 20: but those Records are long since lost.
The eastern nations kept annals of their publick acts, but those very early instances of wchwhich we have in the Acts Annals of Tyre f kep kept from the days of Abibalus & Hyram mentioned by Iosephus & in the Acts of the Assyrian & Babylonian Empires & of the nations conquered mentioned by Ezra ch 4, & in the Acts of Carthage But those ancient Records by means of various warrs & revolutions have been long since lost. [ The Ægyptians have been conquered succesively by the Ethiopians, Assyrians Babylonians & Persians, & all their Records at length carried away by Cambyses. The Assyrians conquered the nations round about & were conquered by the Medes & Babylonians & the Babylonians by Medes & they by the Persians & they by the Greeks & Saracens . The Tyrians were conquered by the Babylonians Persians & Greeks & their Annals coming into the hands of the Greeks were translated into yethe Greek language but both the translation & Originals are lost. [ The Annals of Cyprus might come into the hands hands of the Greeks & those of Carthage came into the hand of the Romans but are lost. ] The Records of the Iews have above all others escaped the shipwracks of time. They have been frequently in danger byut by Providence have excaped tho not without some dammage. When the Arc of God fell into yethe hand of the Philistims the original Book of the Law was lost For when the Ark was brought into the Temple of Solomon there was nothing in it but the two Tables of stone, 1 King 8.9. But Samuel who in those days took care of the religion of Israel, rec out of the scattered a copy of this book & other scattered records drew up t the history of the creation & the book of the generations of Adam & the book of the wars of the Lords & other scattered Records composed written by Moses, Ioshua & others, composed the books of the Law & the histories of Iohshua Iudges & Ruth now extant. For in the book of Genesis the race of the kings of Edom is set down untill there reigned a kingsking in Israel Gen. 36. 31 & mentioned in the book of Iudges several things are said to be done when there was no king in Israel & therefore these books were composed after the beginning of the reign of Saul. And the Iews have a traditionstradition that the Book of Ruth was written by Samuel in honour of David, after he was annointed to be king & by consequence in the reign of Saul. And the Pentateuch now extant was handed down to posterity both by in the kingdom of yethe two tribes & in that of the tenn Tribes it being that & therefore was composed before the death of Solomon. It was that book of the Law according to wchwhich the affairs of the Tabernacle & Temple were ordered by David & Solomon 1 Chron 16.40 & David in the 78th Psalm admonishing the people to give ear to the law of God means the law of this book. For in describing how their
The eastern nations kept Annals Records of their publicks Acts very early: but th instances of wchwhich we have in the Annals of Tyre mentioned by Iosephus & in the Acts of the two Assyrian & Babylonian empires mentioned by Iosephus Ezra ch. 4. & in the history of the lower Egypt during the rei in the reign of Timaus or Tammuz & the first six kings of the Shepherds. But those Records by means of various wars & revolutions of kingdoms have been long since lost. The Records of the Iews have above all others escaped the shipwrack of time, tho not without some detriment. Moses wrote the bookhistory of the creation of the heaven & earth (Exod 20.1) the book of the generation of the sons of Noah Adam (Gen 5) , the book of the warrs of God Num. 21.14) the book of the Law kept in the Ark Deut 31.26) . But all these have been long since lost except what has been transcribed out of them in the Pentateuch now extant. When the Philistins took the Ark the Book of the Law was lost out of it: For when the Ark was brought into the Temple of Solomon there was nothing in it but the two tables of stone. 1 King. 8.9 T In the Pentateuch the kings are recited who reigned in the land of Edom before their reigned any king over Israel the Children of Israel (Gen 36.31) & therefore it was composed after Saul was made king & not long after because there was a king in Israel & not long after because it recites no more kings of Edom then those who reigned before there was a king in Israel & makes no memory of the conquest of Edom by David wchwhich put an end to their kingdom. . It has been handed down to us both by the by the kingdoms of both Israel & Iudah & Israel & therefore was composed before the death of Solomon & the division of his kingodm into those two kingdoms . It was that book of the Law according to wchwhich the affairs of the Temple were ordered by dDavid & Solomon (1 Chron 16.40.) &And David in yethe 678 th Psalm admonishing the people to give ear to the law of God, means the law of this book. For in describing how their forefather kept it not he quotes many historical things out of the books of Exodus & Numbers. It seems to me therefore that this book was composed by Samuel in the reign of Saul for the use of the Synagogues in every city. For he had leasure was a writer sacred writer 1 Sam 10.25. & had sufficient leasure & authority for such a purpose & the havock wchwhich disorders & desolation wchwhich the conquering armies of the Philistims had lately made and Israel required a reformation. For he or places of worship erected in every city. For the disorder & desolation wchwhich the conquering armies of the Philistims had lately made in Israel required a reformation of religious & Samuel judged Israel all the days of his life & was a sacred writer (1 Sam. 7.15 & 10.25) & acquainted with the history of Moses & the Iudges (1 Sam. 12.8, 9, 10, 11, 12) & in the reign of Saul had sufficient leasure & authority for such a purpose & the disorder & desolation wchwhich the conquering armies of the Philistims had lately made in Israel required a reformation. to order & appoint what should be read or done in the places of worship, & was the only man upon reard who had such authority & had so great authoriry with the people, that it could not have done without him.
Where the Pentateuch ends, th
This is that book of the Laws wchwhich Iehosaphat in the third year of his reign (After that Sesak had the death of Solomon Sesack spoiled the Temple & Israel had been was for a long season without the true God & without a teaching Priest & without the Law & Asa had beaten Zerah the Ethiopian & begun a reformation) sent wthwith Jehosaphat somesent some of his Princes & Priests with the book of the Law to teach it in all the cities of Iudah, that is, in all their Synagogues as formerly before in the days of Saul David & Solomon. For Moses hath of old time had in every city them that preached him being read in the Synagogues every sabbath day. Act 15.21.
After the death of Solomon when Sesac came out of Egypt & spoiled the Temple, Israel remained a long season without the true God & without a teaching Priest & without the Law, that is, without the worshipping of the true God & the teaching of this Book of the Law in their Synagogues. But when Asa by his victory of Zerah had shook off the yoke of Egypt & Ethiopia his son & restored the worship in the Temple, his Son Iehosaphat in the third year of his reign sent some of his Princes & Priests with the book of the Law to teach the same in all the cities of Iudah, that is, in the synagogues of all the cities as formerly in the reign of Saul David & Solomon before Sesac invaded the kingdom. For Moses of old time had in every city them that preached him, being read in the Synagogues every
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every sabbath day. Act 15.21. And this practice of teaching the law in the synagogues continued till the Babylonian captivity Psalm. 74.8. Where the book Pentateuch ends the book of Joshua begins & where this book ends the book of Judges begins: These three books are one continued history from the creation down to the death of Sampson & therefore were written by one & the same author after the death of Sampson the last of the Judges. They were compiled out ancient records one of which was the book of Jasher (Jas. 10.13) for this book was in being at the death of Saul 2 Sam. 1.18. In the book of the Judges several things are said to be done when there was no king in Israel (Judg. 17.6 & 18.1 & 19.1 & 21.25) & therefore this book was written after the composed out of the Acts of the Judges beginning of the reign of Saul. When it was written the Jebusite dwelt in Jerusalem (Judg. 1.21) & therefore it was written before the th eighth year of David's reign. And since it conteins the history of Israel down to the end of the reign of the Judges, it seems to have been written on occasion of the change of the government, & by consequence by Samuel in the days of Saul. For at that time he wrote the book of Ruth as an introduction to the history of David, & is reputed the author of the first book of Samuel
The Book of Ruth – – – – – – They judge well therefore who ascribe to Samuel the books of Joshuah Judges & Ruth.
As Samuel wroteupon the change of the government composed the history of Israel to the end of the days of the Judges so he began the history of Israel during the reign of their kings. For he is reputed the author of the first book of Samuel till the time of his death, & wrote the book of Ruth as an Introduction to the history of David, & is reputed the author of the first book of Samuel till the time of his death. The book of Ruth – – – – – – Joshua Judges & Ruth In the books of the kings & Chronicles the book of Samuel the Seer, the book of Nathan the prophet & the book of Gad the Seer are cited for the acts of David: the book of the Acts of Solomon, & the book of Nathan the prophet, the Prophecy of Alijah the Shilonite & the visions of Iddo the Seer for the acts of Solomon: the book of Shemajah the Prophet & the book of Iddo the Seer foconcerning genealogies for the acts of Rehoboam & Alijah: the book of Hananai the Seer for the acts of Jehosaphat,: the visions of Isaiah for the acts of Urriah & Hezekiah &c. Whence its manifest that the books of Samuel Kings & Chronicles have been composed out of ancienter records written by Samuel, Nathan, Gad, Alijah, Iddo, Shemajah, Hananai, Isaiah & other Prophets. The Books of Samuel & Kings are one continud history of Israel down from the days of Samuel to the Babylonian captivity. The Books of Kings & Chronicles are of things contemporary & end together with the Babylonian captivity & cite one another & therefore were written at once by one & the same author. The book of Ezra is a continuation of the book of the Chronicles was originally a part of the book of Chronicles & has been divided – – – – – the holy gifts 2 Maccab. 2.13. Out of the Acts of the Kings written from time to time by Samuel & the Prophets he composed the books of Samuel & the kings of Israel & Judah & the Chronicles of the kings of Judah & the Chronicles of the kings of Israel. And in doing this he joyned those Acts together in due order – – – – – agree in words. But the originalls out of wchwhich these books were extracted are lost.
Samuel wrote before Cadmus brought Letters into Europe & Ezra was older thenwrote before Herodotus & these authors extracted their histories out Records written by Prophets long before their own days & therefore the histories composed by them are by far the oldest as well as the most authentic in regard of the credit of the writers being originally composed written by Moses & the Prophets.
Whereas Moyders are not worth about one pound seven shillings, & seven pence farthing one with a piece one with another, & when some of the heaviest are culled out for the melting pot the rest are not wort above 1l 7s 6d a piece by reason of their being a forreign coyn & of the charge of recoyning them, & therefore have of late been r by the approbation of the Lords Commissioners of his MajtsMajesty's Treasury been received at 1l 7s 6d a piece, & yet Edward Elliot Es Paymaster for the Tinn contracts & Francis Manaton Es Receiver general of the Land Tax, have given publick notice that they & others under pretence of advancing Trade in Cornwall , have given publick notice that they & others will from hence forward receive & pay all Moyders at one pound eight shillings: This is to give notice that the paying away forreign money, without the Royall authority, for more then the just value, is a fraud upon the people of England [like that of pulling away light or clipt money (tho not yet made punishable by law,)] & that the said Receivers & others ought to forbear assisting the Merchants in pulling away Moyderssuch money at more then the just value till they have authority for what they do.
The Chronology & History of the people of Israel is sufficiently conteined in these books. But the Originals being lost & some of them (as the book of Jasher) being written in poetry, we are to allow for the poetical expressions wchwhich may have been taken from them . asSo where the starrs in their courses are said to fight against Sisera, or that the Sun & Moon to stand still in a battel of Joshua, we are to understand nothing more then that Barak & Joshua were favoured by heaven. We are also to allow for the different changes that have been made in the significations of words, as where So Cherebins were
-->originally nothing more then hieroglyphical symbols of armies & other bodies pliticko; & Magicians, WitchesInchanters, Sorcerers Necromancers, Witches, & Astrologers & signified nothing more then deceivers who pretended to supernatural powers & arts of prognosticating; & Devils were saidusually signified the imaginary ghosts of dead men who the heathens worshipped [& evil spirits signified diseases & distempers of the mind, as when Saul was troubled wthwith an evil spirit from the Lord.] Spirits as frequently signified the tempers of the & dispositions of the mind; && evil spirits the diseases & distempers thereof as when Saul was troubled with an evil spirit from the Lord; Devils signified Demons or the imaginary Dæmons or Ghosts of dead men or Dæmons whom the heathens worshipped as Gods; Inchanters, Magicians, Sorcerers, Necromancers, & Witches, & Astrologerssignified deceivers & cheats who by certain forms of words & ceremonies & other juggling tricks pretended to supernatural powers & arts of prognosticating for magnifying themselves among the people.
In these books, & the books of Nehemiah, Esther, & the first six chaptersof Daniel& the books of Nehemiah & Esther rightly understood, we have the history & Chronology of the people of Israel down to the days of NebuchadaArtaxerxes Longimanus king of Persiatimes of Ezra & Nehemiah. & wchwhich times are fully stated by Eclipses of the ☉ & ☽ mentioned by Thucydides & Ptolomy But the Records of other nations written before those daystimes being all of them lost [& The times of the actions not being stated by any certain Chronology,] we it is very difficult to give a true account of thoseknow the trutrue state of those ancient nations & the best way to come to any certainty therein is to begin wthwith the later times where thehistory & Chronology is certain, & reccon upwards, as high as we can proceed by any good arguments.
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pag. 3 lin 13 write 8s for 8.6. Five pages examined. 8 pages examind 11 pages examined. 13 pages examined. 16 pages examined. 18 pages examined. 20 pages examined. 22 pages examined. 245 pages examined. All examined.
Novem. 19 horaæ D. Arthurus Storer ad fluvium Patuxent prope Hunting-Creek in Mary-Land, in confinio Virginiæ in Lat. gr hora quinta matutina (id est hora 10 Londini) Cometam vidit, supra spicæm ♍, et cum Spica propemodum conjunctum existente distantia inter: eosdem quartrinus parte ♋ quartæis gradus unius. Erat autem Spica in ♎ 19. 23. 47″ cum Lat. austr. 2gr 1″ 59″ Eodem die hora 5. mat. Bostoniæ in Nova Anglia, id est hora 9. 44′ Londini Cometa distabata Spica intervallo quasi gradua ♍ intervallo gradus unius, differentia latitudinum existinte 40″: Eodem die in Insula Jamæica, Cometa distabat a Spica intervallo quasi. gradus unius. Eodem die ad C horam mat Cæntabrigiæ Cometa (observante juvene quodam) distabat a Spica ♍ quasi 2gr boraz ephyrum versus. Ad hor. mat 9. 44′ Londini sit distantia Cometæ a Spica 1gr & differentia Latitudinem 40′, et differentia Longiatitudinum 1gret 40′ et differentia Longitudinum erit 44′. 43″. et inde Longitudo Cometæ erit ♎ 18.gr39.′ 4″ & Latitudo aust 1.gr 21.′ 59″
'Novem 19'
D. Arthurus Storer aAd fluvium Patuxent prope Hungtin-creek in Mary-land in confinio Virginiæ in Lat. bor. gr, D. Arthurus Storer hora quinta matutina, (id est hora 10 Londini.) D. Arthurus Storer Cometam vidit supra Spicam ♍ & cum Spica propemodem conjunctum., existente distantia inter eosdem tribus quartis partibus gradus unius. EtEt Eodem die hora quinta matutina Bostoniæ in Nova Anglia, id est, hora. 99.44′ Londini, Cometa distabat a Spica ♍ intevarvallo gradus unius, differentia Latitudinīs existente 40′. Et inde differentia Longitudinum erit 44.′ 43.″ Cometa iam motu apparente in Longitudinem conficiebat 5gr per diem circiter, seu per horāam et 9′ 28′ p in t 3′ 20″ in 16′ seu ′ per horam, et 3′ 20″ in 16′ inter differentia temporum inter Observationes: adeoadeoque tempore observationis prioris differentia Longitudinum Cometæ et Spicæ ♍ eltxtat 44. 43 44.′ 23.
P. 9. The Europeans had no Chronology – – p. 11 are of little credit:
P. 11 All nations before they began – – – Diodorus in the beginning of his history – – – p. 13. And this is the fundamental error of the Chronology of the Greeks. p. 13. And hence it may be understood that if the times of the Greekslength of the kingdoms of the Greeks between the coming of Cadmus & Europa into Greece & Crete & the begining of the Persian empire be shortned in the proportion of about four to seven, you will have a chronology of ancient Greece much exacter then that wchwhich is already received.
P. 1. All nations, before the just length of the solar year – – – – – – p. 9. lin. 23. one generation before the Argonautic expedition. But let us now see how the things done since the taking of Troy suit with these recconings.
P. 13 The kingdom of Macedon – – – – – p. 44 lin ult. not much older then is represented in scripture:
P. 13 And this is the fundamental error of the chronology of the Greeks. And hence it may be understood L---supra then that wchwhich is already received. supra.
P. 15 The artificial Chronologers have made Iphitus Lycurgus – – – – – about 54 years before the Olympians as above p. 17
P. 17. Hercules the Argonaut was the father of Hyllus – – – – But these generations were short ones – – – – & suit wthwith the recconing of Thucydides & the ancients that the taking of Troy – – – – will be about 43 years after – – – – – From the taking – – – return of the Heraclides. The Argonautic expedition I place one generation earlier then the taking of Troy because many sons of the Argonauts were in that war.
P. 17 And these arguments recconings – – – & there place the Argonautic expedition p. 18.
P. 20. The expedition of Sesostris was – – – – – 44 years after the detath of Solomon. p. 21.
P. 1. All nations – – – – monument above mentioned in memory thereof. p. 9.
P. 21. Rehoboam.
P. 9. The Europeans had no chronology – – – – – – are of little credit p. 11.
P. 11. Diodorus in history the beginning of his history – – – – – And this is the fundamental error of the chronogychronology of the Greeks. p. 13. Hence also it may in general be understood that if the kingdo durations of the ancient kingdoms of ancient Greece be shortned in the proportion of three to five or four to seven, the chronology of thee Greeks will become much truer then before.
P. 13. The kingdom of Macedon was founded – – – – – – p. 15 About two years – – – – – – Samus Chius & therefore not to be admitted.
P. 15 The artificial Chronologers have made Lycurgus – – – – – about 54 years before the Olympiads as above. p. 17.
P. 17. Pausanias – – – reign 517 years. p. 17.P. 17. Hercules the the argonaute was the father of Hyllus – – – – – But these generations were short ones being by the chief of the family, & suit with the recconing of Thucydides & the ancients that that the taking of Troy was eighty years – – – [Dele, as was determined about by arguments taken Astronomy] – – – – – return of the Heraclides. P. 17 The Argonautic exp Taking of Troy I place one generation later then then the Argonautic expedition because many sons of the Argonauts were in that war.
P. 17. And these recconings are confirmed by – – – – & there place the argonautic expetition. p. 18.
P. 18. When the Romans – – – – Solomon above p. 18. Rehoboam p. 18. as above. p. 18.P. 20. The expedition of Sesostris – – – – 44 years after the death of Solomon p. 21
P. 1. All nations – – – – monument above mentioned in memory thereof. p. 9
P. 21. Rehoboam – – – – – conformable to it self p. 26
P. 18. Thucydides tells us – – – – originals any further. p. 20
P. 26. When Sesostris – – – –
Omitted. p. 18. Thucydides tells us that the Corinthians – – set down in sacred history p. 20.
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Chr. 114Tatian in his book against the Greeks relates that amongst the Phenicians flourished three ancient historians Theodotus, Hypsicrates, & Mochus, who all of them delivered in their histories (translated into Greek by Lætus) that under one of the kings happened the rapture of Europa, the voyage of Menelaus into Phænicia & the league & friendship between Solomon & Hiram when Hiram gave his daughter to Solomon & supplied him with timber for building the Temple & that the same is affirmed by Menander of Pergamus. Under one of the kings, that is, within the compass of the age of a man. For so the phrase is used by Isaiah chap. XXIII.15. Josephus lets us know that the Annals of the Tyrians were extant from the days of Abibalus & Hiram were extant in his days, & that Menander of Pergamus translated them into Greek, & that Hiram's friendship to Solomon & assistance in building the Temple was mentioned in them. And by the testimony of Menander & the three ancient Phenician historians the rapture of Europa happened not long before the building of Solomon's Temple. The voiage of Menelaus might be in pursuit of Paris & Helena 20 years before the destruction of Troy. Solomon therefore reigned in the times between the raptures of Europa & Helena, & Europa & her brother Cadmus flourished in the days of David, Minos the son of Europa flourished in the days of Solomon, & the children of Minos namely Androgeus his eldest son, Deucalion his youngest son & one of the Argonauts Ariadne the mistress of Theseus & Bacchus, & Phædra the wife of Theseus flourished in or neare the days of Rehoboam.
Ch 66The expedition of Sesostris was one generation older then the Argonautic expedition. For in his return back into Egypt he left Æetes at Colchos, & Æetes reigned there till the Argonautic expedition. And at this entring into Egypt, his brother Danausfled from
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Didodorus that OrusHorOrus the son of Isis reigned the last of the Gods & that menes & was succeedsucceeded by Menes, & that Menes reigned 15000 years before his days & to make out so long a succession of kings he namenamed those whose histories were of noteof note whose histories were remembred & places between them æ very great number of nameles kings making many of the named kings wchwhich he names to succeed one another at eat distances of time wchwhich according to Herodotus succeeded one another immediately. The kings wchwhich he names are these. Menes Horus, Menes, Busiris I, Busiris II Thebarum conditor, Osymanduas, Uchoreus, Myris, Sesoosis, A Sesoosis II Amasis, Actisanes, Mendes, vel Marrus, Proteus, Remphis, Chembes, Ciphren, Mycenius or Cherinus, Bocchoris Grrephaeli filius, & Sabacus. [And these reduced may bebeing reduced into this orderthe following order will agree wthwith those of Herodeotus. Sesoosus or Sesostris or Busiris Horus, Menes or Osymanduas, Remphis, Myris, or Marrus or Uchoreus, Rempho Chembis, Cephren, Mycerinus, {Gnephaclus, – – Amasis – – Bocceharis & Amasis} Sabacus or Actisanes. Osiris & Busiros seem to be names derived from the funeral rites lamentations of Sesostris, the Egyptians O crying O-Siris & Bu-Siris. Actisanes & Sabacus were kings of Ethopipia who conquered Egypt & were of a mercifull temper, & so might be but two names of one King. After Diodorus had named Merces, Busiris I, Busiris II & SOsimandaus,] And some of these kings are one & the same repeated wthwith a little variation of the name, as Horus & Sesoosis II Menes Osimanduas, Busiris & Sesoosis I, Vehoreus& Myris && Marrus & Vehoreus , Busiris & Sesostris Sesoosis, Actisanes & Sabacus in the In the funeral lamentations of Sesostris or Sesthe people's crying O-Siris & Bu-Siris might give occasion to the names of>Greeks to call that King, Osiris & Busiris & to ascribe the building of Thebes to them both. & Osiris & Busiris And Actisanes & Sabacus being twowere Ethiopian kings of a mercifu& conquered Egypt & were of a merciful temper & succeeded Amasis (or Anysis) & Boccharis & so seeing also be one & the same king. Now if the repetitions be omitted, & the Kings beby reduced to two&the remaining kings beinto order will be the same wthwith named in due order of time they will agree with those in Herodotus as followsthey will be the same wthwith those in Herodotus the taking eo into the following Order viz Sesoosis, Horus, Menes, Myris, Remphis, Myris, Chembis, Cephren, Mycennus, *{Gnephapclus, — Amasis — Bocceharis & Amasis} Actisanes Sabacus, The Dynasties Duodecim reges, Psammitichus, Vaphres Amasis. [ambysis.
The Dynasties of Manetheo & Eratosthenes & Manetho are too confused uncertain & corrupt to be reconciled & reduced into good order. [& all the use that I can make of them is to supply some defects in the series of kings deduced from Herodotus & Diodorus.] But by repeating conteining the corrupted names of the kings here set down, & repeating them often with various corruptions they confirm to us that these kings did really reign. &And the short time between the victory of ZerahAsa by wchwhich the kingdom of Zerah fell & that the reign of Amenophis commenced, & the invasion of Egypt by Sabacus the Ethiopian about fo when the Egyptians who fled to Bæbylon set up the Æra of Nabonassar, being but 200 years, answers to the number of kings set down by Herodotus in this intervall recconing the reigns of kings one wthwith another at 20 years a piece. &
Busiris.ThelixionOrus.conditionOsirisdnasMenes RemphisUchoreus.Chembis.Cepren.Mycerin.{AmasisGnephalusBocchais}
Sesoosis I.Sesoosis II.Osimanduas.Myris.Cherinus.{ &Amasis}
SabacusMarisMarrus.
Actisanes.
Diodorus recconsrecites the same kings with some variation of their names & of the order of their succession, as may be easily perceived by putting them intosetting them down the names of his kings in the following order
1.2.3.4.5678.910.
Busiris.Orus.Menes.Remphis.Uchoreus.ChembisCephreaMycerinusGnephaclusBoccharisBoccharisActisanes SabacusSabacus
Sesoosis.Sesoosis II.Mneues.Myrisauthor PyramindijCherinus& & Amosis & AmosisActisanes.
SasychisOsimandiasMarrusmaxim
Sesostris
Diodoris tells us that Busiris built Memphi Thebes & therefore he is the same king with the Egyptians sacrificed red men at the tomb of Osiris & thence called it Busiris. Osiris or Sesoosis. From the lamentations Bu-Siris, & O-Siris come the names Busiris & Osiris & therefore they denote the same king. Sesoosis II was the son & successor of Sesoosis I & therefore agreesthe same with Orus. And so of the rest.
In the Dynasty of the Kings of Egypt composed by Eratosthenes Mæris & his successor Cheops or Souphis are set down together three times wthwith some corruption of the names in this manner. Mares, Anoyphis..... Ayres, Saophis...... Maris, Siphoas. And hence I gather that Mæris is rightly ma in the fourth Dynasty of A Africanus Soris & Suphis are the same kings. And therefore Mæris (here called Maris, Ayres, & Soris) was the immediate predecessor of Cheops here called Souphis, Anoyphis, Saophis, Siphoas & Suphis. And in the Dynasties of both Eratosthenes & Manetho Nitocris is placed a Cheops Micerinus & Nitocris are there placed together, oncethe Dynasties of Manetho by the names Phiops Methesuphis & Nitocris & in those of Eratosthanes by the names Apappus maximus, Echeseos, & Nitocris the wife of Echeseos. For Phiops & Apappus are said to have reigned each 100 years & therefore are one & yethe same king, & so are Methesuphis & Echeseos each reigning but one year.
Sabacus, Sethon. 12 Reges, Psammiticus, Necus, Psammis, Apries, Amasis, Psammenitus, Cambysis
The kings Mæaris & Cheops are set down together three time in the Dynasty of Eratosthenes & once in the Dynasties of Manetho, by the names of Maris & Anoyphis, Ayres & Saophis, Maris & Siphoas, Soris & Sfouphis. And therefore Mæris And in the same Dynasties Nitocris is set after the builders of the Great Pyramids. And therefore we have corrected Herodotus right in placing Mæris next before Cheops & Nitocris next after Mycericae.
Saturn & Rhea, Jupiter Ammon &Juno. Osiris & Isis, Horus
Diodorus sets down the following kings. Horus the last of the Gods, Menes, Busiris I, Busiris II Thebarum conditor, Osymanduas, Vehorus, Myris, Sesoosis, Sesostris the second, II, Amasis, Actisanes, Mendes vel Marrus, Proteus Remphis, Chembis Cephren Mycerinus or Cherinus, Boccaris Gnephacti filius, Sabacus, Duodecim reges, Psammilicus, ✱ ✱ Vaphres, Amasis, ✱. In the kings wchwhich follow Actisanes he & & in some of those wchwhich precede him, he namely Menes Myris & Sesoosis I & Sesoosis II Diodorus he agrees with Herodotus. Amasis & Actisanes Athiops I take to be the same wthwith Anysis & Sabacus Athiops in Herodotus. Vehoreus being mentioned by no other author I take Osimandiuas is the same with Menes & Busiris is the same with Osiris, the Greeks deducing the names from the Egyptian lamentations O-Siris & Bu-Siris. Diodorus saith that the Tomb of Osiris where they sacrificed red men was called Bu-SirisBusiris, & the building of Thebes he ascribes to both Osiris & Busiris.
The kings Mæris & Cheops are set down together three times in the Dynasty of Eratosthenes & once in the Dynastys of Manetho, by the names of Maris & Anoyphis, Ayres & Saophis, Maris & Siphoas, Soris & Suphis. And in the same Dynasties Nitocris is set after the builders of the great Pyramids And therefore we have corrected Herodotus right in placing Mæris next before Cheops & Nitocris next after Mycerine.
Between the Kings wchwhich Herodotus places in continual succession. Deiodorus makes intervalls of many reigns wthwithout naming the kings & therefore those intervalls are of a lat were invented since the days of Herodotus & ære to be neglected
Vehoreus is to be added to the kings in Herodotus & set next before Mæris & unless he be the same king with Mæris
Gnephactus (otherwise called Neochabis Nectabis & Technates) & his son Broccharis are to be added to the kings in Herodotus next before Sabacus. They reigned at Memphis & Thebes while other kings reign Anysis reigned at Hanes, Stephanates Necepsos & Nechus at Sais & other kings at Tanis, & Bubaste & ElephantisXois & perhaps some other places, ægypt being divided into several small kingdoms when Sabacus invaded it.
After Sabaeus reigned Sevechus & Taracus Tearcho or Tirhakah, & Armais
And after Sabacus are to be added Seurcus & Taracus or Tearro & Merres or Amerres, & Asserhadon.
The Dynasties of Eratosthenes & Manetho are too confused uncertain & corrupt to be reconciled & reduced into good order. Yet they supply us wthwith the names of some kings whaich are wanting in the Account of Herodotus: as Sevechus, Taracus & Merres or Ammerres next after Sabacus, & Memphres Mepharmuthoses & Amosis or Tethmosis next before Ammon & Sesac, And wthwith these additions the Account of Herodotus & the kings of the Shepards wchwhich reigned in the lower Egypt before all these King, AnaSaites or viz Salatis, Beon or Ana Apachnas, Aphophis, Janias, Assis &c & their Predecessor Timaus or Tammuz the last king of the old Egyptians conquered by the Shepherds.
And by these corrections & additions wle shall have the kings of the lower Egypt down from the days of Joshua to yethey first expulsion of the by the Shepherds, & those of all Egypt from the time of that Expulsion down to the successive conquests of Egypt by badbyus Sabacon the Ethiopians under Sabacon, the Assyrians under Asserhadon, the Babylonians under Nebuchadnezzar & the Persians under Cambyses.
Diodorus recites the same kings of Egypt with Herodotus but in a more confused order & with some repetitions of the same kings under various names. And where Herodotus
These two kings succeeded Asychis at Memphis & Thebes, while Stepanates, Nechepsos & Nechus reigned at TanisSais, Petubastes Osorchon & Psammis at Tanis, Anysis at Anysis or Hanes (Isa 30.4) Osorchon & Tahellotis at Bubaste & perhaps others at Bubaste & some other places. And Egypt being weakened by this division was invaded & conquered by the Ethiopians under Sabacon who slew Boccaris & Nechus & made Anysis fly.
137
& then was succeeded in Egypt by 12 contemporary kings who reigned 15 yeares including the reign of Asserhadon not recconed by the Egyptians among their & in the end of that time were conquered by Psammiticus who built the last Port Portico of the Temple of Vulcari founded by Menes about2 260 years before. Psammiticus reigned 54 years including the 15 years of yethe 12 kings. For he was one of them. After his And then his son Nechus or Nechao reigned 17 years, Psammis 6 years, Vaphres or Hophra 15 years, Amasis 44 years & Psammenitus menses sex a Canbysis violat 6 months: [at the end of wchwhich time ægypt was conquered by Cambysis king of Persia Anno Nabonass. 223.] Nebuchadnezzer conquered Hophra & set up Amasis a plebian. [In yethe 27th year of Ezekiels prophesying (wchwhich was the year of Nabonassar 178) after Nebuchadnezzar had taken Tyre Ezekiel prophisied that Egypt should be given into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar as a reward for his hard service in besieging & taking Tyre] After the beginning of the 27th year of Ezekiels prophesying or 178th year of Nabonassar, Egypt, with her king Pharaoh Hophra wofas given into the hands of Næbuchadnezzar & led into captivity & continued in subjection to Babylon 40 years, that is altmost all the reign of Amosis, a plebeian set over Egypt by the Babylonians. Jer. 44.30. & Ezek 19.12, 13, 14, 17, 19 ButAnd after 40 years, I think by the death of Cyrus, the captivated Egyptians Egypt recovered its liberty but in the reign of Psammenitus (Anno Nabonass. 223) was invaded & conquerd by Cambyses & hath ever since remained in servitude
In the last year of Vaphres Ann. Nabonass. 179 Egypt was subdued by Nebuchadnezzar & remained in subjection to Babylon 40 years that is almost all the reign of Amosis a plebeian set over Egypt by the conqueror (Jer. 44.30 & Ezek 19.12,13,14,17,19) & ever untill the For Cyrus reigned over Eygpt & Ethiopia according to Xenopheon, [but after his death, as that is, at the end of the 40 years asser& the 40 years ended with his death. At that time therefore those nations assertedinged their liberty but & four years after they were invaded & conquered by Cambyses Anno Nabonas 2223, & have ever since remained in servitude as was predicted by the Prophets.
Vaphres slew Josiah & went up to Euphrates against the king of Assyria, &but was driven back by Nebuchadezzar & in the last year of his reign (Anno Nabonass. 179) Egypt was † Jer. 44.30. Ezek. 19.12,13,14,17,19. subdued by conquered by him & Egypt remained in subjection to Babylon 40 years, that is almost all the reign of Amosis a plebeian set over the Egyptians by the conquerer.
The division of Egypt into the 12 Kingdoms above mentioned seems to have been predicted by Isaias in these words I will set, saith he, the Egyptians against the Egyptians & they shall fight every one against his neighbour, city against city & kingdom against kingdom & the spirit of Egypt shall fail & — & the Egyptians will I give over into yethe hand of a cruel Lord [viz Aserhadon] & a fierce king (viz Aserhadon) shall reign over them. And a little after the Prophet seems to describe a division of Egypt into two kingdoms seated at Tanis & Memphys before the Assyrians invaded them. Surely the Princes of Zoan are become fools, the counsel of the wise counsellours of Pharaoh is become bruitish. How say yeyou unto Pharaoh I am the son of the wise the son of the ancient kings —— The Princes of Zoan are become fools, the Princes of Noph are deceived they have also seduced Egypt, they that were the Hay of the Tribes thereof —— In that day there shall be a high way out of Egypt into Assyria & the Egyptians shall serve the Assyrians. Herodotus also seems to mention a division of Egypt in those days For he tells us that Anysis who fled from Sabacus, returned & reigned in the lower Egypt after the days of Sabacus & was succeeded by Sethon who repulsed Sennacherib. in the 14th year of Hezekiah fortified Pelusium against Sennacherib at wchwhich time Tirhakah was king of Ethiopia coming wthwith an army through the desart, set upon the Assyrians suddenly & routed them with a great slaughter. After this victory Tirhakah carried his conquests westwards through Libya & Afric as far as the straits mouth.
In the Dynasties of Manetho Sevechus reigned is made the successor of Sabacus, but I take them both to be one & the same king called So or Sua in the Scriptures, that So or Sua with whom Hoshea king of Israel conspired against the Assyrians in the 4th year of Hezekiah Anno Nabonass. 24. For Herodotus tells us that Sabacus after a long reign relinquished Egypt voluntarily & that Anysis who had fled from him returned & reigned again in the lower Egypt & was succeeded there by Sethon, & [when Sennacherib beseiged Libah went against Egypt & besieged Libnah Pelusium or Libnah (wchwhich was in the 14 year of Hezekiah anno Nabonass 34.) Sethon defended the place &] that Sethon defended Pelusium against Sennacherib the army of Sennacherib & was releived by an army of a great multitude of misemice wchwhich eat the bowstrings of the Assyrians in memory of wchwhich the statue of Sethon was heldmade with a mouse in its hand. A mouse was the Eygptian symbol of Destructions & signified ① only the great destruction of the Assyrian army. But the Scriptures inform us that when Sennacherib invaded Judea & beseiged
Lachish & Lebnnah
wchwhich was in the 14th year of Hezekiah Anno Nabonass 34) he heard that Tirhakah the king of Judah trusted upon Pharaoh king of Egypt, that is upon Sethon, & that Sennacherib heard that Tirhakah king of Ethiopia was coame out also to fight against Sennacherib. (2 King. 18.21 & 19.9.) Which makes it probably that when Sennacherib heard of the kings of Egypt & Ethiopia coming against him he went to Pelusium to oppose them & was there surprized & set upon, in the night by them both & routed with as great a slaughter as if the bowstrings of the Assyrians had been eaten by misemice. After this victory Tihacah carried his arms westward through Libya & Afric as far as the straits mouth, & was succeeded by Merres or Ammerres. But Sethon was reconnedthe E>gyptians recconed Sethon the last king of Egypt according to Herodotus, that is the last of those who reigned before the conquest of Egypt by the Assyrians & the reign of the 12 kings.
1 That the Warden of the Mint find out a fit person to attend him as Clerk & Sollicitor for drawin up Informations & Warrants & entring them in books & seeing the Warrants executed when there is occasion, & for attending Prosecutions at the Old Bayly & Assizes, & that this Clerk be allowed a salary of 60l pr anannum
2 That this Clerk or Sollicitor dbe allowed a Salary of per anannum [by a Warrant under his MatsMajesty's Signe manual directed to the MrMaster & Worker to pay the same – quarterly as it shall become due].
That the Master & Worker be impowered by the same Warrant to imprest further to the said Clerk & Sollicitor for bearing the charges of the Prosecutions any summ or summs demanded by him from time to time by order of the Warden in writing not exceeding in the whole the summ of 200l in any one year, & also pa to pay further what shall be due to him upon his AccoutAccount allowed yearly b in the manner hereafter mentioned. And that the Auditor of the Mint be directed to allow these payments in the Masters Accounts.
2. That the said Sollicitor upon being sent to apprehend & prosecute – criminals in the country be allowed 10s per diem for his horse & himself & six pence per mile travelling charges & that such others as shall be necessary to accompany him or be imployed by him by the approbation of the Warden be allowed such travelling charges as the Warden shall approve of not exceeding 7s6d per diem for a man & horse.
3 That in lieu of coach hire, pocket expences, Court-fees & such other incident expences as cannot be ascertained by good Vouchers the Sollicitor be further allowed 10sfor every person apprehended by him & committed to prison in order to be tried & 20sfor every person indicted by him & tried he & brought to trial & that other persons imployed by the Wardens Order in the apprehending of persons be allowed 10s a piece for every person apprehended by them, & carried to prison.
4. That the said Sollicitor do at the end of every half yearthree monthsor sixhalf year lay before the Master & Worker & Comptroller of the Mint an Account of the services performed by him & his assistants with a certificate from the Warden in writing that they were done by his Order. And that he do also at the same time same timeat the end of every half year lay before the Wardon Master & Comptroller an Account of all travelling charges, Counsellours fees & other expences or allowances for wchwhich he can produce rReceipts or other good Vouchers to be examined & signed by the said Warden Master & Comptroller as a Voucher to his Accounts.
5 That at the end of every year he lay his Accompts first before the Warden of the Mint, & then before the Attorney or Sollicitor of the Treasury to be examined, & lastly before the LdLord H.High Treasurer or LdsLords ComrsCommissioners of the TrasuryTreasury to be allowed & sent to the MrMaster & WorkrWorker to be paid off.
6 That the MrMaster & WrWorker be impowered by a Sal Signe Manual to pay the Salary of the said Clerk or Sollicitor quarterly as it shal become due & to advance to him such summs as by order signification under the wardens hand shall be advanced ardedwanted for carrying on the Prosecutions, not exceeding 200l per anannum, & for to pay the ballance of his AcctsAccounts allowed as above. & that the Auditors of the Mint be directed to allow in the Masters Accounts all the said payments not exceeding in the whole the summ of 400 per anannum allowed by Act of P.Parliament for this service.
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Ex Ammiano Marcellino
Saraceni. Gens ab Assyrijs ad Nili Cataraclas porrigitur & confinia Blemyarum. Omnes pari sorte sunt bellatores, seminudi, coloratis sagulis pube tenus anniti &c. l. 44.
Semiramis regima. Mares teneros castravit omnium prima. l. 14
Massilia. ab Asiatico populo Harpali inclementiam vitante Cyri regis præfecti, condita. l. 15
Thebas inter exordia pandentis se late Carthagineīis improviso excursu duces oppressere Pœnorum: posteaposteaque reparatam Cambyses aggressus est. l. 17.
Abydum oppidum in Thebaidis parte situm extrema. l. 19
Argo prima omnium navis l. 22.
Amazones perruptis nationibus plurimis manus intulerunt Atheniensibus & ab Atheniensibus victiæ ad pacatiorem sedem transiere ThermodoontisThermodontis. Ad us Caspium mare porrectæ l. 22
Sthenelus Herculis socius Amazonico bello lethaliterletaliter vulneratis l. 22.
Liber superatis post triennium Indicis nationibus, ad regones prope Phasin reversus, orgia reparavit – – & choros &c. TrieticaTrieterica vocantur. l. 22.
Colchos Ægyptiorum antiqua suboles. l 22.
Chalybes per quos primitus erutum et domitum est primitus ferrum. l. 22.
Ammianus secutus Eratostherem, Hecatæum, Ptolomæum, Herodotum, Jubam regem, Ægyptus triplex describitur l. 22 terminatur ad Syrtes majoris l. 22.
Alani. olim Massagetæ dicebantur l. 23 circa Mæotem. l. 22.
Ecbatana in Aldiabena sita erat. l. 23. sub Jasonio monte in terris Syromedorum ib.
Belus rex vetustissimus arcem Babylonis condidit l. 23
Media ante regnum Cyri superioris & incrementa Persides erat Asiæ regina totius Assyrijs domitis l. Damasi electio impia. l 27
Dorienses antiquiorem seequiti Herculem oceani locos inhabitarunt confines. Ammian
Syringæ sunt cavernæ minutæ terrarum. Ammian l. 27.
Ex Zosimo.
Pontifices. Gephyræi a partibus dicti ubi Dij primum colebantur. Zosini l. 4. p. 249.
Hercules Musorum comis, unde Musagetes dictus. Pomponias Lætus in Dioclesiano.
Triumphum primus mortalium post Indicam victoriam ostendit Bacchus, nomennomenque ab re inditum est. Milites ejus falijs ficorum quæ Opia dicuntur vultus cooperuerunt, & Jambos et summota canentij Pompon. Læt. in Dioclesiano.
Hercules Libycus invenit statuas
Artēem statuariāam Italiæ familiarem et vetustam indicant Hercules ab Evandro sacratus qui trium phabis vocatur atatque per triumphos vestitur habitu triumphali Plin l. 34. c. 7.
139
Legers History of the Waldenses. Alix's hist. of Waldens. & Hist Albigens.
Idatius Clarius. l
Rufus Festus Avienus l
Ausonius poet
Claudian poet
Nonnus Panopol. poet
Sidonius Apollinar. poet
Tortunatus
Eunapius
Paulinus of Nola
Salvian Massil.
Rutilius Claudius Numantianus poet.
Proba Faltonia poet.
Olympiodorus poet
Prudentius poet
Gregory M. author of Purgatory (next after Augtin. Hip.) He put invocation of saints into the Liturgy.
Licentius poet
Sabellici Enneades.
Hermannus Gygaj in Flore temporum.
Anastasius Liber Pontificum, forte in Coneilijs.
253140
I had in cash RcdReceived of Mr C
I
I
more in cash
won at play off
141254
Belus is Jupiter of Cepheus & S
Agenor was the brother of Belus & Cepheus Ægyptus & Danaus his sons
The Egyptian Belus & then (that is Jupiter Ammon) was the brother of Agenor & father of Cepheus Ægyptus & Danus & therefore Cepheus Ægyptus & Danaeus were contemporary & th to one another & the story of Agennor Europe & Cadmus happened in the preceding reign of their father Ammon
Belus & Jupiter are words of yethe same signification & the EgytianEgyptian Belus is Jupiter LHammon. [This Belus was the brother
Baelo Belus in the language of the Syrians, Jupiter in yethe language of yethe Europeans & Ammon in the language of the Ægyptians are words of the same signification & the] & were contemporary to Cepheus
And Belus being Proteus is the
Conon is in Egypt Strabo – David.
Egypt Conon — Egypt. Proteus is the title of a Prince, & such a man [would as beingwould scarce deserted of his seat in Egypt would scarce go to scarce go to seek a new seate with out at being wthwithout being attended by] would scarce be wthwithout some people attending him . Strabo lets us know that the people wchwhich accompanied Cadmus into Europe were mixt wthwith of Phœnicians & Arabians, wchwhich aArabians I take to be such as fled from the Red-sea to Sidon in the wars of David For there are footsteps of the Erythræans sending Colonies into several parts of the Mediterranean. [Paphos in Cyprus was at first called Erythra. And Erythære was the name of a city in Bœtia & of another city upon yethe sea coast in Ionia. The Erythæans of Ionia] For Stephanus tells us that Erythra was the name of a city in Ionia, of another in Libya, of another in Locris, of another in Bœtia & of another in Cyprus nowafterwardssinceafterwards called Paphos. The Erythræans Erythæans of Erythræ in the Ionia was a seaport town, [& there the Erythæans worshipped a statue of Hercules called brought standing upon the wowchwhich was brought from Tyre & stooooding upon the wood of yethe ship wchwhich brought it. They were certainly a colony of foreigners, & derived themselves fromCrete say they were brought from Crete by th Erythrus the son of Rhadamanthus, but Strabo makes them a colony of the Erythræans of Bœstia] there Er & most certainly a colony of forreigners. They saysaid that they came from Crete but I under yethe conduct of Erythrus yethe son of Rhadamanthus, but the worshipped athe Phœnician Hercules their God was the Phœnician Hercules. For they worshipped the statue of Hercules brought from Tyre & in memory of its coming from Tyre they kept it standing upon yethe wood yethe ship wchwhich brought it: by wchwhich circumstance I gather that they were originally Phœnicians, & came from the Erythræan. By their God you may know that they were Phœnicians & by their name that they came from yethe Erythræan sea.
When yethe Edomites were driven from their seate yethe red seatheir seat & betook themselves to yethe Mediterranean it may be presumed that they sent forth some colonies to several parts of places & by on that sea & of this there are some footsteps
In that year the Edomites were vanquished is uncertain. – – – –– IIf David Solomon may be supposed about 22 or 29 years old at yethe birth of Rehoboam his eldest son since Rehoboam was 41 years old at yethe death of David the birth of Solomon will fall upon yethe seventeenth year of David & since David was Solomon was Davids second son by Bathsheba, [the seige of Rabbah when David first saw Bathsheba will be at least two years before, &] the two years before that David had two great victories over the Ammonites & Syrians, so that yethe war against them began on yethe 13th year of Davids reign & before that David had perpetual wars in wthwith he the house of Saul wars wthwith vanquished Saul & the with the Philistines & Moabites Amalekites & Edomites & Moabites. In what year the And if we suppose that His two first years were spent in wars with the house of Saul, his next wars were with the Philistines. Then he took Jerusalem & in the eight year of his reign came & dwelt & the wars wthwith Edom & Moab seem to be in yethe next four years, so that the error cannot be great if we place the flight of yethe Edomites upon the tenth year of his reign.
– old began upon their coming from the Red sea, & by consequence that the rapture of Io & Europa was not scarce ancienter then the reign of David who drove the Phœnicians from that sea.
Yet it is to be considered that when yethe shepherds were driven out of all Egypt some of them might escape in such long vessels as they then had upon yethe Nile, & sailieng by the shoreby the shore from yethe Canobic Ostium either westward to Libya or eastward to Phœnicia & Cyprus & at length to Greece Asia minor & Greece &
Belus is the Syrian or A name of Jupiter & in writing of the affairs the history of Egypt of Egypt & Libya he is taken for Jupiter Hammon in that of Babylon & Assyria for Jupiter Belus. And therefore the Phœnicians in making Belus the brother of Agenor they seem to signify that Cadmus came into Europe in the reign of Jupiter Ammon: & in making Cep Ægyptus Danaus & Cephus the sons of Belus they seem to signify that these kings reigned in the next> generation next after Ammon.
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Now Hellen from when the who who was a king in Thessaly & gave the name of Hellenes to his people, had three sons Æolus Dorus & Xuthus, & after the death of Æolus, Hellen, Xuthus was expelled Thessaly by his brothers & upon an accusation that he had seized his fathers wealth. He fled to Athens being expelled Thessaly by his brothers, fled to Athens & married Creasa the daughter of Crectheus by whom he had two sons Achæus & Ion who gave their name to the Achians & Iones. And upon the death of Erectheus a a dispute happening between the sons of Erectheus about their fathers kingdom, Xuthus adjuges the kingdom to Cecrops the eldest son but the rest of the s younger sons en & thereupon X Cecrops was expelled Thessalythe kingdom by his brothers & fled to Ægialus & died there.
Erectheus had several sons, Ccecrops, Pandion, EumetianEupalamus Metion or Eumetian, Thespis, Orneus & daughters Orithyea Procris, Chthonia & Creusa. C Xuthus the son of Hellenupon the death of his father Hellen a king ofin Thessaly being expelled Thessaly by his brothers Æolus & Darus fled to Athens & married Creusa by whom he had two sons A Achæus & Ion, & A Archander & Archilites the sons of Achæus married the daughters of Danus. Upon the death of Erechtheus Erecthus and Ion Upon the death of Erechtus Ion married Helice the daughter of Selinus king of A Ægialus & succeeded Selinus in In a war between the Athenians & Elusians the Athenians made for their captainthe kingdom. Achæus by the help of the Athenians & Danians recovered his fathers kingdom in Thessaly & & his sons Archander & Archilites married the daughters of Danaus.In a war between the Athenians & Elusinians where the Athenians made Agiathan their Captain. In that war Erechtheus was slain Upon the death of Erehtheus& upon his death his sons falling out about their fathers kingdom Xuthus adjudged it to Cecrops the eldest son & thereupon Cecrops after he had by the assistance of Ion reigned a while was expelled by his the kingdom by his brothers & fled to Ægialus & died there, & Pandion succeeded Erechtheus at Athens. He was the father of Ægeus the father of Theseus. Eupalamus was the father of MetiononMetion (or Eumetion) the father of Dædalus who flourished in the reign of Oedipus. Thespis had 50 daughters who lay wthwith Hercules in his youth. Orneus was the father of Peleus the father of Menestheus who warred at Troy. Orithyia by Boreas had Calais & Zete whowere in the Argonautic expedition. Procris fled from her husband Cephalus & lay with Minos king of Crete. By all wchwhich compared together it is evident that Erechtheus Argwas about three generations older then yethe Argonauts, blong in & so was contemporary to Cadmus . or about 40 or 30 years older than Solomonbeing three generations older then the Argonauts , & & that he lived long in Greece. And this is confirmed by what they tell us of Ceres lying with Iason the brother of Harmonia the wife of Cadmus & of having a temples beginning to be erected to her at the Megon byin the reign of Car the son of Phoroneus. It seems to me therefore that about yethe time thatwhen David conquered the Edom & Amon & the Syrians wchwhich wasthat is between the seventh & 14th year of his reign. many fled many of the conquered nations fled by sea to seek new seats & among others Cadmus & Erechtheus wthwith their colonies; T that Erechthepus soonsometime after in a time of famine sent to Egypt for corn & brought over some Egyptian weomen to teach his people how to made bread of it that the principal of wchwhichwhom was Ceres & for this benefaction was made king of Athens; that as Cadmus pretended to come in quest of his sister so Ceres pretended to come in quest of her daughter & under that pretence cametravelled to Eleusis Celeus king of Eleusis & taught his young son Triptolemus & daughters how to sow & make bread of it, that as the corn increased Triptolemus carried it by sea to the neighboring nations of Greece and taught them how to use it & afterin memory of these things upon the death of Ceres about the end of Davids reign or beginningabout before the middle of Solomons reign temples were erected to Ceres & the Eleusinia sacra instituted by Eumolpus & others, & soon after followed the war between the Athenians & Eleusinians wherein Erectheus & Immaradus the son of Eumolpus were slain & then reigned Pandion in yethe days of Solomon & Ægeus in the days of Rehoboam. Triptolemius living till the invasion og Grēece by Bacchus who brought into Greece yethe use of wine. Celeus the father of Triptolemus was the son of Rharus the son of Cranaus who was contemporary to Cecrops, & Arcas the son of Callisto yethe daughter of Lycaon the son of Pelasgus received corn from Triptolemus & taught his people to sow & make bread of it & therefore Pelasgus C& Car the son of Phoroneus erected a Temple to Ceres when Temples & Crecrops were contemporary & may be recconed one generation older then Erectheus & Cadmus, or there abouts& Inachus began first to be erected to her & Myles the son of Lelex.
Acrisius the grandfather of Perseus was an old man when Bacchus invaded Greece. His wife was Eurydice the daughter of Lacedæmon & Sparte, & Sparte was the daughter of Eurotas the son of Myles the son of Lelex
Erechtheus seems to be another of the shepherds. For
At Megara was a Tower or fort called Nisæa & neare it was a small Island calld Nisæa where Minos brought his navy when he warred against Nisus Pausan the son of Pandion & king of Megarra l. 1. c: 44 At that time Megareus the son of Neptune residing at Onchestus assisted Nisus wthwith a body of Bœotians against Minos & beingwas slain in battel.
And we do by these presents give & grant unto the said John Croker & Bull full power licence privilege & authority to have in their sole custody the sole keeping of such all EngincesEngines instruments & devices whatsoever to be used in the framingmaking of the Puncheons & Dyes or stamps for the framing of the said Medals Pieces or Coynes, an account of the said Puncheons & Dyes being kept by thour Clerk of the Irons in yethe said Mint for the time being. And orour further will & pleasure is that the said Gravers John Croker & I Bull be do at all times work in such with all convienient tasks as the Master & Worker of orour Mint for the time being shall from time to time — at any time appoint for the speedy coynage of the money & for the making of Medals according to such Orders as he shall from time to time receive from us or orour Lord High Admiral or CommrsCommissioners of the Admiralty for the time being, & that they the said Gravers do make all convenient dispatch therein, & that they do not convey out of the Mint any of the Dy Puncheons Dyes or Stamps made with our Effigies nor sell any Medals made wthwith our Effigies at a higher rate then shall be approved of by the Warden Master & Worker & Comptroller of orour Mint nor convey out of the Mint any of the Puncheons or Dyes or stamps made wthwith orour Effigiesfor the time being
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Cepheus the father of Andropmeda reigned in Phœnicia. His kingdōkingdom extended from the mediterranean Sea to those Arabians who inhabit the Red sea & was at first called Ioppe from the city Ioppe seated upon the Mediterranean. Conon narrat. 40.
When Cadmus was sent by his father the king of the Phœnicians to seek his sister Europa, the Phœnicians were potent & having subdued a great part of Asia had placed their royal seat at Thebes in Egypt Conon Narrat 37.
When Cadmus was sent by his father Phœnix to seek Europa he was accompanied wthwith Proteus who fearing the tyranny of Busiris had fled out of Egypt. Conon Narrat 32.
When Minos made war upon Athens, Nisus the son of Pandion, reigned in the city Megara Apollodorus l 3 c 14 sect 8
Procris the daughter of Erectheus the son of Pandion fled from her husband Cephalus to Minos & lay wthwith him. Apollodor. ib. L. 3. c. 14, sect 1.
After the death of Cecrops, Cranaus reigned. Under him happened yethe flood of Deucalion. He was expelled by Amphyictyon the son of Deucalion who regined 12 years & then was expelled by Ericthonius the son of Cranae the daughter of Atthis the daughter of Cranaus. from Atthis Cranaus called the region Attica. Ericthonius dying was succeeded by his son Pandion in whose reign Ceres & Bacchus came into Attica & Ceres was received in Elusine by Celeus. Pandion married his mothers sister Zeuxippe & by her had two sons Erectheus & Bute & two daughters Procne & Philoluela & then made war upon Labdacus the son of Polydorus the son of Cadmus, & was suceeded by his son Erectheus who had sons Cecrops Pandorus & Metione & daughters Procris (who lay wthwith Minos) Creusa the wife of Xuthus, & Cthonia the wife of Butes & Orithyia the wife of Boreas. Apollodor l 3 c. 131, 14
Pelasgus was the son of Iupiter & Niobe, was yethe father of Lycaon the father of Nyclimus in the beginning of whose reign happened the flood.
Europa – Sarpedon – Evandrus – Sarpedon II rex Lycia sui bello Toi. interfuit
Europa – Minos – Crateus – Aeorope – Agamemnon
Europa – Minos – Phædra Thesei uxor
Europa – Minos – Ariadne Thesei amasia
Europa – Minos – Deucalion –Idomeneus bello Tr. interf.
Statuam loquentem Thebam Memnonem esse negant: nam Phamenothem fuisse hominem indigenam dicunt. Pausan lib. 1. p. 101.
Sol Ephyream Æelæ tradidit: Ætes deinde Colchos profectus Buno regnum suum tradidit Eumelus apud Pausasn. l. 2. p 119
Argonautica annis aliquot ante Ægei mortem Pausan l 2 p 118.
Apud Nicomedisuses in Æsculapij templo erat Mennonis ensis totus ex œre.
Hæc ita esse pro comperto habemus Pausan l 3 p 211.
Ardys Lydorum Rex Gygæ filius & Phraortes Medorum rex in Ecbatana regam synchronyi. Pausan. l 4. p. 339.
A tempore Mris
Necdum ab obitu Myris non genti sunt anno ad tempus quo hæc ego a sacerdotibus audiela. Herod l 2 p. 119.
Herculis uteruterque parens Amphyitryon & Alcmena fuerunt ab Ægypto oriundi. Herod l 2. p. 134.
Hesiod & Homerus quadringentis non xmplus annis ante Herodotum extitere Herod. l. 2. p. 139.
Ab Hercule Alcmenæ filio ad Herodoti ætatem sunt anni terme nongenti Herod l 2 p 182.
Danai filiæ ritum Careis ex Ægypto attulerunt. Herod l 2 p 195.
Persei progenitores Ægyptij fuere. Herod l 6 p 427.
Phænicus ut ipsi memorant, quondam rubrum accolebant, illinc trancaresi maritimsi Syriæ habitant, Is tractus Syriæ et quicquid tunis est Palasstina voctatus Herod. l. 7. p. 499.
Tertia ab excessu Minois atate res Trojanæ fuerunt. Herod l 7. p 533
Mentorem Ithacemsem qui Homerum laborantem ex ocalis sustimerat in Ithaca Homerus benificij gratia honarauit in Poesi sua fingeus Ulyssis fuisse socium cijas fidei Ulysses Troiam navigans dormum familiamque comereditit tanquam Ithacemsium præstantissimo Herod. de vita Homeris p 685.
Ioppe Phænicum, antiquior terrarum in andatione, ut ferunt Insidet collem præjacente saxo in quo amiculorum Andromeda vestigia. Plinicus l. 5. c. 13.
Tyrij orti ab Erythræo mari ferebantur Plin l 4 c. 22. Et solinus Tyrij a Rubro mari profecti.
Osiris left Hercules his near kinsman a man stout & strong general of his forces in Egypt Busiris governour of yethe parts near Phænicia & on yethe sea coasts & Anteus of Ethiopia & Libya. Diodor. l. 1. c 1. p 7. He took along with him his brother whom yethe Greeks call Apollo (or rather his son Orus whom yethe Greeks call Apollo) Didor ib. He loved mirth & Iollity & took great pleasure in Musick & Dancing & carried along with him a train of Musitians & acr of whom 9 were virgnsvirgins & excellent singers of (whom the Greeks call muses) of whom Apollo was captain thence called Μοσηγέτης the leader of the Muses. He built Nysa & other cities in India. ib c 2 p 8 Isis & Orus revenged his death on Typhon & recovered Egypt. Its said the battel was fought near a river not far from a town in Arabia called Antæa in Arabia from Antæus whom Hercules slew in the time of Osiris Diodor l 1 c 2 p 9. This Hercules was an Egyptian & assisted the Gods in the Giants warr & by his valour made his way into most parts of the world & set up a pillar in Africa. Diod ib p. 10. Osiris Serapis Dionysus Pluto Ammon Jupiter Pan the same God ib. p. 11 The Labyrinth of Crete run to ruin or otherwise demolished but that of Egypt intire yethe days of Diodorus. Diod. l. 1. c 5. p. 32. Proteus or Cetes reigned in the Trojan war. ib. Remphis the son of Proteus reigned after him a man of poor & covetous spirit & heaped up riches more then any man before him. ib. p 32. Nile cut many ditches from Mile & gave his name to the river. ib. p 32. Chemnis or Chembes, Cephres his brother & Mycenius his son built yethe 3 great Pyramids. The biggest perfectly entire wthwithout blemish in the days of Diodorus ib p. 32, 33. Orpheus brought into Greece most of yethe Religious rites & ceremonies both as to yethe cebrationcelebration of yethe Orgia & as to yethe fable of Hell & yethe Elisan fields for yethe ceremonies & rites of Osiris agree in every thing wthwith those of Bacchus & those of Isis & Ceres are the same differing only in name. ib. l. 1. c 7 p. 50.
The Clitarchus & those who afterwards went over with Alexander into Asia have written that yethe walls of Babylon were in circuit 365 furlongs, Semiramis making them of that compass to yethe end that yethe furlongs should be as many as there were days in the year. Diododr l. 2. c. 1 p 57. That part of the country is Libya (above Egypt) that borders upon the Nile is most pleasant & richest for all manner of provision & therefore the Ethiopians & Africans quarrel & are at continual wars with one another for the possession of that place. Heards also of Elephants come down out of the higher Libya because of the abundance of pasture & the sweetness of it. Diodor l 3. c. 1. p 88. Linus writ in Pelasgian (that is Cadmeian) letters the Arch of yethe first Bacchus & Thymætes the son of Thymætus the son of Laomedon who lived in the time of Orpheus wrote a Poesy called Phrygia of yethe actions of Bacchus in very old language & character saith that Ammon was the father of bacchus & Nysa his Nurse & that in yethe war against the Titans he commanded the men & Minerva the weomen. ib. l. 3. c. 4 p 120, 121, 22. Coronus the son of Phoroneus king of yethe Lapitha in the line of Hercules. Diodor l. 4 c. 2. p 146. The sons of Phineus (king of a province of Thrace) & Cleopatra the daughter of Boreas Orithya (the daughter of Erectheus) young men in the time of the Argonautic expedition Diodor l 4. c 3. p 149 Medea lived 10 years wthwith Iason in Corinth & then fled to Ægeus at Athens & afterwards returned into Phænicia or as others say to Colchos. ib. l 4. c 4 p 1565, 156. Perithous & Theseus stole Helena
when
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when she was about 10 years old & then attempted to steale Proserpina & Castor & Pollux about yethe same time sackt Aphidna & carried away Hellena & Æthra the mother of Theseus. ib l 4 c 4 p 161, 162. Hercules survived Theseus & Perithous ib l 4. c 2 p 140. Hyperion was the first that by his own industry found out the motions of the sun moon & other stars & yethe seasons & distinctions of time measured out by them. Ib. l 5 c 4. p 205. The Titans (or sons of Uranus & Terra or Titæa) were six men & five weomen, viz the men Cronus (or Saturn) Hyperion (the father of Sol & Luna) Cœus (the father of Latona) Iapetus (the father of Prometheus) Crius & Oceanus. The weomen Rhea (the wife of Saturn) Themis, Mnemosyne, Phœbe (the mother of Latona & Thetis. Vesta Ceres Iupiter Iuno Neptune & Pluto are said to be the children of Saturn & Rhea. Diodo l 5 c 4 p 205, 206. Neptune the brother of Iupiter & Pluto was the first that used navigation & rigged out a Navy & was appointed Admiral by Saturn ib. p. 207. Pluto the son of Iasion & Ceres born in Crete ib p 210.
Venus Urania a Goddess of the Philistines. Herod l 1. p 61 in insula Meroe solus colunt Iovem soliberum eosque magnopere venerantur Herod l 2 p 127. In Thebais there is a Temple of Perseus yethe son of Dænae wthwith his statue. ib l 2 p 153. Rhampsinitus the sucessor of Proteus. ib p. 167. Ad Rhampsinitū usque regem jus vignit, successor Cheops in omne flagitiam prolapsus ib. p 171 Postremum in Ægypto regnavit Orus Osedidis filius Hunc postquam extinxit Typhon regnavit in Ægypto postremū. Osiris græca lingua est Trionqsus id est Liber. Pan Mercurij & Penelopes filius dicitur a Græcis. Herod l 2 p 182, 183. Latona Apollinem ab Iside sibi commendatum in insula Chemni occulta vit ac sospitem reddidit quo tempore Typhon omnia indagans ut Osindis filium invenirat advenisset. Nam Aposllinem et Dianan aviat Dionysij & Isidis filios esse Latonam vero nutrecam horum ac liberatricem. Et Apollo quidem Eegyptiace Horus dicitur: Ceres autem Isis Diana verò Bubastis. Herod. l. 2. p. 189. Danai filiæ vitum Cereris ex Ægypto attulerunt esque Pelasgicas fæminas in burunt ib. p. 195.
Ceres Argos veniens a Pelasgo hospitio accepta fuit. Pausan Att. p 34. Triptolemus the nephe granson of Amphiyctȳon. ib. p 34. Vulcan trusted none of the Gods but Bacchus & therefore bacchus reduced him back into heaven in a cup of wine ib p 46. Bacchus led his army to Argos but Perseus beat him & slew many of his weomen. Pausan Corinth p 155. 160. The war with Perseus being ended & Bacchus reconciled they paid him very great honours & built a Temple to him at Argos in wchwhich they buried Ariadna Pausan Corinth c. 23 p 164. For Bacchus took her from Theseus being more potent at sea, & this seems to be the first Bacchus who first of any man penetrated to yethe Indies wthwith an army when he had made a bridge over Euphrates at yethe city Zeugma in wchwhich city they still keep a rope twisted of Vine & Ivy branches wthwith wchwhich he dtyed yethe bridge. Pausan. Phocic. c 29. p 860. There are many things related of Bacchus by both Greeks & Egyptians ib.
Vestem Byssinam Semramide Assyrijs imperante inventam fuisse memorant. Clemens apud Eusib. Præp. p 476.
From yethe mountain Meros mare Nysa in India came the fable that Bacchus came came out of Iupiters thigh. Pliny. nat Hist l 6 c 21.
Homerus in primo Odyss libro Phemium præceptorem suum psallentem in convivio tprocorum inducit, idepque præceptor Homeri natus fuit ante bellum Trojanum. Luidam scribunt Homerum Telemacho Ulissis filio & Polycasta Nestoris filia genitum. Comment in Augustin De Civ. Dei l 3 c 26.
Poets: Anacreon Pindar Æschylus Euripedes Sophocles Aristophanes Isocrates Æschines, Lycophron. Isaac Zetzes. Orators. Tully de Natura Deorum. Albricus, Hyginus.
Priapus the son of Bacchus & Venus. Diodor l 4. c. 1.
When Ariadne died Bacchus placed her crown in the heavens. Aratus in Phærō
Nile runs thorugh Ethiopia & Ægypt between Libya & Asia. Libya lies to yethe west of Nile & Asia to the east. The inhabitants of this river were the first that ordered the ways of life, that plowed & sowed & that measured the heavens with lines. Dionys de situ Orbis
Atreus the brother of Thyestes first found out the Eclips of the sun that is the reason of it. Hyginus Fab. 258. Servius. Vetus commentator Horatij in artem pag. 625. Edit. Cruquij.
Egypt is in scripture sometimes called Masor (2.King.19.24 Isa.19.6 Mich 7.12) & sometimesmost commonly Mizrainm that is the two lands of Masor. One of those lands seems to be the broad flat country upon the mouths of the nNile, the other the long & narrow tract of land on both sidesrunning between two nations aboutabout north & miles south on both sides the single stream of yethe river Nile between two mountains& through between two mountain the & reaching frombordering upon Æthiopia at yethe south and Ilandthe south end. This border is usually placd at Phylæ a little Island of yethe Nile between Syene & the a town of Egypt & Meroe a large Island of yethe Nile in Ethiopia. This This part of Egypt is usually distinguised into two countries, the higher called Thebais & the & in scripture Pathros & the lower called Heptanonis
Egypt is a long & narrow tract of land running north & south on both sides the Nile between two mountains & at atthe south end bordering upon Ethiopia at Phylæ a littl little towin in a Island of the Nyle bordering upon Ethiopia at yethe south end &between Syene a town of Egypt & Meroe a large Island of the Nile in Ethiopia, aAt the north end by the division of yethe Nile into many streams spreading it spreads it self into a broad flat country call called Rahab, Rib, Riff, & Eriff & Delta. The Isis usuallyThat part above the Delta was anciently distinguished into three partstwo countries the uppermost called Thebais && in scripture the land of Pathros, & yethe lowermost called Heptanomis. Ægypt
Egypt is a long & narrow tract of land running north & south on both sides the river Nile between two mountains. The south end is called Thebais & Pathros & borders upon Ethiopia at Phylæ ia town in a little Island of the Nile, between Syene & Meroe the north end spreadbelow Memphys by the division of Nile into many streams spreads it self into a broad flat country called Delta, Rahab, Rib Riff & Errif. The middle part between Pathros & Delta was called Heprtanomis. Egypt is in scripture call sometimes called Masor (2 Kings 19.24 Isa 19.6. Mich.7.12) & sometimesmost commonly Mizraim that is the two lands of Masor & by M & & by Mizraim is understood sometime all Egypt including Pathros sometimes all Egypt below Pathros & sometimes only the kingdom upon the mouths of the Nile.
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Certainly he was a Phenician God the name being borrowed [from Ievo or Iao & that] from Iehovah the God of Israel & probably called & probably he was the God Ievo from
had was presented wthwith a stone in clouts wchwhich had & & that they danced an armour about ♃ & finding himself deceived sought every where for ♃ & that the Idæi danced in armour about ♃ to preserve him from his father. The fable seems taken from the history of Saul & David & the two first kings (or ♄ & ♃) of Israel & applied to Asterius & Minos the two first kings of Crete. When David was newly become the son of Saul When Saul would have slain David his new son in law David David, & for that had sent for him in bed Michal wrapp dressed up dressed laid an Image in cloatshs in Davids bed & laid it in bed in the room of David & let David escape, & then Saul finding himself deceived sought for David to kill him but could not find h David was preserved in caves & secret places by an armed multitude so that Saul could not find him & then at length he took yethe kingdom from the house of Saul. The stone wchwhich Saturn devoured is called a Bættaelus or Beth-el that is & the Bættels were round stones – – – – – & that the Cretan Iove was a Phœnician God. For The name is taken from Iehova the God of Israel David Israel., [The heathens & heathening Israelites deifying their kings by yethe names of their Gods.] as if this God was a dead man.
It being being was usual with the eastern nations to call kings & great men by the names of the Gods names of their Gods, they seem to have given the names of of yethe Gods of their kingdoms & according to this custome they might givee Idæi Dactyli might give that of Minos Ievo Iove to I Iehova or Ievo as the names of Iove to David & Minos., For when Cadmus came into Europe, especialy since the Idæi Dactyli fled out of yethe Kingd of D. into David was the greatest king in Asia [when Cadmus the Idæ D came into Europe] Crete & Minos soon after became the greatest king in Europe. [And it was usuall with the eastern nations to call kings & great men by the names of the gods of their kingdoms] especially since they Idæi Dactyli fled out of the Kingd of David æ this kingdom was then they were become Davids subjects & their country was become a part of Davids kingdom David was become the most potent greatest king in Asia & that Minos soon after became the greatest king in Europe & as Iove was the greatest Gods of the Gods.
The stone wchwhich Saturn devoured is to be understoo supposed an image of Stone carved in form of a child so t man so that it might be mistaken for Iupiter. Authors call it a Bætylus or Beth-el, the a & s a the nam & this wchwhich name is Syriac or Hebrew & signifies a Gods house or mansion of a God, For th that is an Idol For the oriental nations Syrians first worshipped at first their God in rude stones, then shaped the stones square or round & at length (as art improved) carved them into images of men, & supposed these stones were inhabited by taheir God. or Dæmon. Damascus tells us that on the top of mount Libanus he saw many such Bethels in a round form. Whence you may know that the s know that the story of Saturnus devouring a Bætilus instead Iove had its rise in Phœnicia. [æ even the name of Iove im] At that time David had subdued almost all Phœnicia & was the greatest king in Asia] & so might well relate to David who was then Lord of almost all Phenicia & one of the greatest king in Asia & Minos was soon after the greatest king in Europe.
Deucalion In whose days a great part of Greece was said to be overflowed was the father of Hellen the father of Æolus. Xuthus & Dorus & Xuthus & Xuthus h was an old man when Xuthus Æolus was the father of Sisyphus the father Glaucus the father Bellerophontes who in his youth slew his brother & fled to Prætus the younger brother of Acrisius & therefore being the And therefore Deucalion was five generations older then Bellerophontes & something above four older then Acrisius. We shewed above ytthat Acrisius was about 10 years younger then David & iftherefore if the generations fo
Deucalion & Pyrrha (in whose days a great part of Greece was said to be drowned) flourished in the highpriesthood of Eli. They were not older because younger because Deucalion was the f they were the parents of Hellen the father of Æolus Xuth Dorus & Xuthus & Æolus was the father of Sisyphys the father of Glaucus & the father of Bellerophon who in his youth slew his brother & fled to Prætus the younger brother of Acrisius. Neither were they older because Xuthus outlived Erechtheus. And Amphictyon the successor of Cranaus was either their son or the son of Hellen, æ therefore they were contemporary to Cecrops.
Deucalion æ Pyrrha flourished in the Highpriestho were the parents of Amphyictyon æ therefore f & therefore they were contemporary to Cecrops & Cranaus & flourished in the days of Highpriesthood of Eli. They were not ancienter because they were also the parents of
Deucalion & Pyrrha were the parents of Hellen the father of Æolus Dorus & Xuthus & therefore flourished in the days of Eli Priesthood of Eli, not sooner because Er Xuthus was of about the same age with Erechtheus married the daughter of Erechtheus nor later because Æolus was at best two generations older then the father of Sisyphus the father of Glaucus the father of Bellerophontes, & Bellerophontes who fled to Prætus the brother of Acrisius, For S therefore Hellen was at least three generations older then Prætus & therefor was not scarce above one generation younger then Prætus.
Deucalion & Pyrrha were yethe parents
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In the middle of the Asterism of Cancer is small asterism ico
Opticeo sive Libri tres Tractatus De De Reflexinibus Refractionibus Inflexionibus & Coloribus Lucis Item Tractatus duo DE Spiciebus et magnitudie ~ Figurarum Curvilinearum.
5. 41. 38. The extreme fluxure or elbow of Eridanus is a star of yethe 4th magn. of late referred to yethe breast of Eridanusectus but anciently not. Tis the only star in Eridanus through wchwhich this cColure can pass. Its Long anno 1660 finiente was ♈ 24. 59. 45 & South Lat 25. 18. 19 & the Colure drawn through wchwhich it passed cut yethe Ecliptic in ♉ 6. 51. 34. The right hand of Perseus rightly delineatddelineated is a star of yethe 4th magn Its long anno 1660 fin ♉ 19. 55. 9 24. 0: 29 & lat 37. 26. 50. & the Colure drawn thorugh it cuts yethe Ecl. in ♉ 4. 33. 24. And the head of Perseus is a star of yethe 5t m. wthwith in ♉ 23. 12. 1. wthwith a lat. 34. 19. 16. & the Colure drawn through it cuts yethe Ecl. in ♉ 5. 55. 56. And the Colure drawn as neare as may be through all these six stars did then cut yethe Ecliptic in ♈ 5. 50. 16 & ♎ 5. 50. 16 as I find by taking the sixt part of yethe summ of the longitudes where the six colures drawn severally through the aforesaid six stars did cut the Ecliptic. And this Colure is 90 degrees from the Solstitial Colure found above: wchwhich confirms the truth of the determination. This Equinal Colure thus found passes through middl the first star in the left hand of Arctophylax & along the middle of his body
So then the Æquinoxes & Solstices werein the end of yethe year 1660 were gone back 35°. 50 1/2′ from their first places & theref recconing wthwith Astronomers that they go back a gdegree in 702 year & by consequence 35° 50′ 1/2 in 2580 1/2 years & counting these years backwards from yethe end of the year 1660 the recconing will place the formation of the Globe by Palamedes about 61 years after the death of Solomon. /
I have annexed an account of the Votes
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After Thales had revived Astronomy & rectifiedrectified the Equinox the Greeks became intent upon rectifyingreforming their Lunisolar year & first they reformedmended their Dieteris Tetraeteris & Octaeteris. Then Meton found out the exacter Cycle of 19 years & in order to publish it he & Euctemon . Geminus has given us an For in describing the sphere he placed those Equ cardinal pointsthe Eq. & sol in the middles of the Constellations of Aries Chelæ, Cancer & Capricorn as is affirmed by Hipparchus & appears by the manifestly by the description of the signes the description of yethe Equator & Tropical circles in Aratus who copied after him & being byEudoxus more plainly by the very words of HipparchusEudoxus cited by Hipparchus, & still more plainly by the position of the Colures or great circles passing through the poles of yethe world & the Equinoxes & solstices. For EudoxusHipparch tells us that Hippar Eudoxus drew the Colure of the Solstices through
Apis is Herodotus tells us that Apis in the Greek tongue is Epaphus: And & we shewed above ytthat Epaphus & Epopeus are the same king. 3. 5. 57
In yethe end of the year 1660 the first remiddle of Cancer between yethe last starr in yethe northern foot of Cancer was in ♋ 24. 41. 36 wthwith north latitude & the star in the southern claw was in ♌ 3. 6. 36 [& this same point is in the middle amongof the two Aselli & Prœsepe [wchwhich are in the middle of the Asterism of Cancer] as I I find by taking the 3d ptpart of the summ of the longitudes of those 3 stars wchwhich is ♌ 3. 5. 57.] I Also the first& the middle between the cloudy star in yethe forehead of Capricorn was in & the last bright star of the third magnitude in his tail (the last star placed in his tail by the ancients) was in ♒ 8. 25. 51,9. 22. 45 & the point opposite to this point was in ♌ 8. 25. 9. 22. 4551 And the Colurus passing between in the middle between these stars ♌ 3. 6. 36 & ♌ 8. 25. 519. 22. 45 passes as neare as can be through the middles of both the Asterisms of Cancer & Capricorn & did the cuts the Ecliptic in ♌ 5. 46. 136. 54. 40, & ♒ 5. 46. 13.6. 14. 40 This Colurus
Again The tail of the south Fish through wchwhich this Colurus is to pass is marked out in the heavens by two great stars placed in it, the one – – – 17. 20. 00. And the Colurus found as above passes wthwithin 4′ 52″ of these two starrs westward. It passes also through the middle of the great Beare & by the first star in yethe head of Hydra & between the poop & Mast of Argo & by the stars of Sagitta on one side of the neck & north wing of Cygnus on the other & through yethe left hand of Cepheus but not through the tayl of the little Bear.
The back of Aries through wchwhich the Colurus Solst. should passe – – – in ♉ 5. 59. 13. In the right hand of yethe Centaur rightly delineated is a star of yethe 4th magn. whose Long. / Anno 1660 finiente was ♏ 15. 13. 5. & south Latitude 20. 52: & the Colore passing through it cuts yethe Ecliptic in ♏ 5. 41. 38
&
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201
BeforeUntill Meton & Euctemon publishedinvented their Lunar Cyclethe Enncadecaeteris of 19 years, the Greeks were intent upon reforming the Octaeteris, & after several Astronomers as Solon HarpalusHarpalus, Cleostratus, Harpalus, Eudoxus Dositheus hadEudoxus & Dositheus mended it. Eudoxus was either contemporary to Meton or a little later., He but followed the older Astronomers, &He travelling into Egypt & havingconversed with Astronomers of both nations published a new Octaeteris & wrote a book of the old Sphere of the Greeks which he called Phænomena in in prose wherein he described the old sphere of the Greeks wthwith their Constellations. And after his example Aratus wrote such another book in verse wchwhich is still extan follingfollowing therein the footsteps of AratusEudoxus &and Hipparchus Bithynus wrote a third book upon them both, & thewhich books of Aratus & Hipparchus are still extant. [Eudoxus in his OOctaeteris made no new obser in his Octae in publishing his Octaeteris made no new Observations of Solstice or Equinox but followed the received Opinions of] Achilles Tatius Geminus in the ende of his book gavesgives an Ephemeris of the suns passing through the 12 signes, beginning the signes of Libra & Capricorn with the equin (& by consequence those also of Aries & Cancer) with yethe Equinox & Solstice of Euctemon & he makeplaces the winter sostice of Eudoxus in the on the 4th day of Capricorn that is three days later then the winter solstice of Euctemon, & Meton, & the spring Equinox of Eudoxus on the six day of Aries that is five sdays later then the spring Equinox of Euctemon. Whence I its evidence that Eudoxus placeddid not observe the the Equinox in the not where himself but placed it where[Astronomers had found it two hundred years before the days of Euctemon & Meton or above, that is] in yethe 12t degre 11th or 12th degree of the old astral signs or bac where] Thales & Anaximander found thtmit, or between that & the middle of the astral signes of Palamedes. Equinox of Palamedes, & by consequence the precession of the Equinox was not yet know to Astronomers. Now Hipparchus in his commentary upon the Phænomena of Eudoxus & Aratus And therefore Whence Eudoxus therefore in describing the celestial sphere & Asterisms of the ancients wthwith their Asterisms of that Sphere made no allowance for that precession but placed the Equinoxes & solstices in the middle of the signes where theyAsterisms of Aries Cancer Chelæ & Capricorn as they were placed by the ancients. in that sphere. For that he did so is plainly proved by Hipparchus Bithynus & even & is manifest even by the words of He Eudoxus cited by Hipparchus. And there also Aratus placed the Equinoxes & Solstices following therein the descriptions of Eudoxus. For Aratus in the describing the Equinoxial & Tropical circles saith that the Equinoctial passes through the Asterism of Aries & the knees of Taurus & the girdle of Orion & the Cup & Raven & the four stars of Chelæ & the knees of Ophiuchus. whence it& Hipparchus tells us that Aratus had this description from Euoxus By the few stars of Chelæ you are to understand not the stars where Chelæ Cancri are now described in the sphere but the stars of Libra wchwhich is a near Asterism placed in the room of the old Chelæ Cancri, & principallyamongst wchwhich are two stars of the second magnitude the one anciently called Lucida chelæ austrinæ now Lanx austrina & the other anciently called Lucida Chelæ borealis now Centrum Libræ, Now if you as is manifest by Ptolomy's book de Apparentijs. The Equinoctial therefore in the de in the Sphere of the antients described by Eudoxus & Aratus passed thedid cut the Ecliptick in the middle of the Asterisms of Aries & Libra. And this is still more manifest by what Hipparchus cites out of Eudoxus. For he tells us that Eudoxus drew the Colurus Solstitiorum through the middle of the great Bear & Cancer & the middlethrough the middle of Cancer & the neck (or head) of Hydrus & the star between the Poop & mast of Argo & the tail of the south fish, & th through the middle of Capricorn & of Sagitta & the neck & right wing of the swan & the left hand of Cepheus & that he drew the Colurus Æquinoctiorum through the left hand of Arctophylax & throughalong the middle of his body & throughcross the middle of Chelæ & through the right hand & foreknee of the Centaur & through the bending of Eridanus & the head of Cetus & the back of Aries across its body according to & through the head & right hand of Perseus. The Hipparchus not understanding the precession of the Equinox disputes against these desscriptions because the Coluris in his days did not pass through these places: But we are enquiring where they were when the sphere was first formed. And tho these descriptions are coarse yet by their help we may come pretty neare the truth. [For the back of Aries (a star of the sixt magnitude) in the end of the year 1660 was in ♉ 9. 22. 57 wthwith north latitude 6. 7. 20 & the Colurus passing through this star & with making wthwith the Ecliptic an angle of 66gr 30′ cut the Ecliptic in ♉ 36° 461′ 34″. And the head of Cetus at the same time was in ♉ 2. 43. 13 with
south
south latitude 5. 51. 53 & the Colurus passing through this star cut the Ecliptic in ♉ 35. 16. 53.] The neck of Hydra The star wchwhich Eudoxus calls the neck of Hydra is now prer by Heve a star of yethe 4th magintude placed by Hevelius in the rump of Mono his Monoceros. Its longitudeits Longitude (Anno 1660 finiente) ♌ 5. 11. 14 & Latitude 22. 26. 42 Hydra should be so bent as to take in this star & that in the taile of Monoceros& another in the tail of Monoceros That between the Poop & Mast of the Argo is a star of the 3d magnitude. Its Longitude (Anno 1660 finiente) ♌ 6. 40. 39 & Latitude 43. 16. 54 south. And therefore Let there be a Colurus or drawn as neare as can be throu to these two stars, that is in the mid way between them, & it will cut the Ecliptic in ♌ 5°. 55′. 56″, & ♒ 5. 55. 55
Again the tail of the f south fish is marked out & limited by two great stars placed in it o. One of the third magnitude whose Longitude (Anno 1660 finiente) was ♒ 5°. 51′. 5″ & Latitude 15°. 10′. 0″ south, the other of yethe fourth magnitude whose longitude thenat the same time was also ♒ 5°. 51′. 5″, & Latitude 17°. 20′. 00″. T And therefore the Colurus passing through these two stars cut the Ecliptic in ♒ 5°. 51′. 5″ & ♌ 5°. 51′. 5″. The difference between the C position of the Colurus sostitiones found by these two stars & that found by the two former stars is inconsiderable being only 16 4′. 51″. Let the Colurus have a middle position between these two positions & the solsticies of Palamedes will be in ♌ 5°. 53′. 30″. & ♒5°. 53′. 30″ that is 35gr 53′ 30″ distant from the places where they were in the year 16 end of the year 1660. This Colurus passes divides through the middle of the Asterisms of Cancer & Capricorn not exactly but as nearly as exactly as they it can do. For these two Asterisms are not exactly opposite to one another but decline a little from exact opposition by verging by verging towards the Asterism of Aries, & so much as they decline from exact opposition so much their centers middle points are from thes Collurus. So that of this Colurus should pass through nearer to the middle of either Asterism it would pass further from the middle of the other, & therefore its position is determined as nearely as it can be by from the description of Eudoxus. The middle of Cancer places this Colurus a little backwarder & the middle of Capricorn paces it as much as exactly as it can do. For these two Asterisms are not exactly opposite to one another but should be described a degre or two or these degrees two a degree or two remoter from the Constellation of Aries then they ususally are The Constellations of the Swan & great Beare are The stars in the neck & north wing of the Swan ly nea
re this Colurus but are too neare the Pole of the Ecliptic to be usefull in determining the position of this Colurus. By the middle of Sagitta & the great Bear Eudoxus seems to mean no particular stars but only the middles of the figures of the Sagitta & the Beare theose Asterisms. He dra has made a mistake in drawing this Colurus through the tail of the lesser Beare. For he took that star to be in the very Pole of the world as Hippar & is reprehended for it by Hipparchus.
And as for the Colurus Æquinoctiorum, the back of Aries through wchwhich it should passed is a star of yethe sixt magnitude whose Longitude in the end of the year 1660 was ♉ 9° 22' 57". & north Latitude 6. 7. 20 & the Colurus passing drawn through this star & me to yethe Ecliptic in an anglle of 66gr 30s (the complemtcomplement of yethe angle in wchwhich yethe Ecl
iptic cuts yethe Equator must cut the Ecliptic in ♉ 6. 41. 34 as I find by Trigonometry. . Also the h And the head of Cetus through wchwhich also this Colurus also should passed was in ♉ 2. 43 is a star of the fourth magnitude whose Longitude wa at yethe same time aforesaid was ♉ 2. 43. 13, & south Latitude 5. 51. 53, & the Colurus passing through this drawn through this star to the Ecliptick in an anglle of 66degr 30' must cuts the Ecliptic in ♉ 25. 16. 53. Between the two position of the Colurus found by the back of Arisis & of that found by the head of Cetus let there be drawn a Colurus in a middle position & it will cut the Ecliptic in ♉ 5°. 59'. 13". The right hand of the Centaur (as star of yethe ma places this Colurus a little forwarder & his kne foreknee (a star of the first magnitude) places it as much backwarder. The rest of the Asterisms mentioned in the through wchwhich this Colurus is described are either too neare the P remote from yethe Ecliptic or In the bending of Eridanus Eudoxus seems to meane comprehend the four stars in now placed in the breast of Cetus The rest of the Asterisms through wchwhich this Colurus is described to pass are either now unknown or too remote from the Ecliptic unless we should consider the stars in the ha Perseus. & Eridanus. That in his right hand is a star of the fourth magnitude now placed in his arm or between his arm & head. Its longitude (A. C. 1660 finiente) ♉ 24. 0. 29 & north Latitude 37 26. 50 & the Colurus passing through this star cuts the Ecliptic in ♉. 4. 33. 24. The Head of Perseus is a star also of yethe 4th magnitude now placed in his right left sholder. For the cConstellation of Perseus is now drawn a little otherwise then anciently. The longitude of this star (anno 1660 finiente was ♉ 19 55 33 & north Latitude 31. 34. 325 & the Colurus passing through this star cuts the Ecliptic in ♉ 4. 30. 30. By these two stars therefore the Colurus of the Equinoxes cuts the Ecliptic in ♉ 4. 32. But the The four stars in where the brest of Cetus is now delineated seem to have
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have been referred by Eudoxus to the river Eridanus. That in the very bending or elbow of the river is a star of the first fourth magnitude whose longitude Anno 1660 finiente, was ♈ 25°. 25'. 0" & its latitude 28. 30. 42
In the right hand of the Centaur rightly delineated are two stars of the fourth magnitud their whose Longitudes (Anno 1660 finiente) were ♏ 14. 39. 5 & ♏ 15. 13. 5 & south latitude 18°. 16' & 20°. 52'. And the Colurus passing through the first of these stars cuts the Ecliptic in ♏ 6. 23. 59 that through the second in ♏ 5. 41. 38 & that in the mid way between them cuts it in ♏ 6°. 2'. 48". & ♉ 6. 2. 48.
The star in the bending extreme flexure or Elbow of the river Eridanus is a starr of the 4th magnitude usually referred to the breast of Cetus. Thris the only star in Eridanus through wchwhich this Colurus can pass. Its longitude anno 1660 finiente was ♉ 24 [♈ 25°. 25', & south latitude 28°. 30. 42] ♈ 24. 59. 45 & south Latitude 25. 18. 19 & the Colurus through wchwhich it passed cut the Ecliptic in ♉ 6. 51. 34. The starrs in the head & right hand of Perseus (rightly delineated are of yethe 4th magnitude their Longitude (anno 1660 finiente ♉ 19. 55. 3 & ♉ 24. 0. 29 & Latitudes 31d. 34'. 325" & 37d. 26'. 50" & the Colurus drawn through the first cuts the Ecliptic in ♉ 4. 30. 30 that through the second in ♉ 4. 33. 24 & that in the mid way between them in ♉ 4. 31'. 57". And that in the mid way between this & the Colurus drawn through the head of Cetus cuts the Ecliptic in ♉ 5. 41. 45.
So then this Colurus by the first determination passed through cut the Ecliptic in ♉ 5. 59. 13 by the second in ♉ 6. 2. 48 & by the third in ♉ 5. 41. 45. & The difference is inconsiderable & taking a mean, that is taking th (wchwhich will be found by taking a third part of the summ of these thre Longitudes) the Vernal Equinox will be found in ♉ 5°. 54'. 35". [wchwhich conclusion agrees very well wthwith the place of yethe Colurus solstitiorum & summer solstice found above in ♌ 5. 53'. 30".] & by consequence the summer solstice in ♌ ♌ 5°. 454'. 35" . wchwhichconclusion This Solstice we found above by determining the position of the Colurus solsticiorum to be in ♌ 5°. 53'. 30". The dDifference is inconsiderable, & by taking a medium the Equinoxes & Solstices of Palamedes will be found in ♈ 5°. 54', ♋ 5°. 54', ♎ 5°. 54'& ♑ 5°. 54', that is 35gr. 54' forwarder then in the end of the year 1660.
Now the Equinoxes b
Now recconing with Astronomers of the last age conclude by comparing their own observations wthwith those of former Astronomers that the Equinox moves backwards after the rate that the Equinoxes go backwards about 510" or 5011" 45''' or 50" 30''' in a year & of late the Tycho Kepler & Bullialdus reccon 51", Hevelius 50" 52''', Ricciolus in his Almagest 50". 00''' & afterwards in his Astronomia refomata 50'. 40'''. Vindelinus Petavius & some later Astronomers (in a round numbers) 50".) that is in 72 years one degree. And to put it 50". 10''' seems to me more & perhaps it may be may be more exact to put it 50". 10'''. And After the rate of 50" per annum or one degree in 72 years., T the Equinox will go backward 35degr 54' in 2585 years wchwhich being counted backwards from the end of the year 1660, place the formation of the Globe by Palamedes about 57 years after the death of Solomon. And if the Equinox moves backward 50" 10''' per annum the formation of the Globe by Palamedes will be 2576 years years later about 65 years after the death of Solomon. And
Hipparchus Bithynus measured the distance of the Pole star from the Pople 12degr 24' as he himself tells us, & from this Observation Ricciolus tells us that t & the Precession of the Equinox Ricciolus collects that he flourished about 136 years before Christ & so was contemporary tho Hipparchus Rhodius the great Astronomer. Till their days the Precession of the Equinox was unknown & Hipparchus Rhodius discovered it first of any man by observing the Equinoxes anew & comparing the his own Observations with those of former Astronomers discovered that the Equinoxes went backwards had a motion in respect of the fixt stars, & went backwards about one degree in an hundred years . And hence forward Astronomers left off computing recconing the longitude of the Sun & Stars from the Asterism of Aries & computed recconed it only from yethe Equinoctial point – – – ... Solomon
The arguments hitherto used overthrow the Chronology of the ancient Greeks & bring us h much nearer the truth. If they determin the times within 10 or 20 or perhaps 30 years of the truth tis all we designed by them. It remains now that we come still nearer the truth by another sort of Arguments. And that is by comparing the actions of the Greeks wthwith yethe t actions of the Oriental nations whose times are the Chronology of the Iews,
After Astronomy was revived & the Equinox corrected by Thales the Greeks studied to mend their Lunisolar year. And first Solon Cleostratus & Harpagus they mended their Duteris, Tetraeteris & Octaeteris. Then Meton mend invented the exacter Cylcle of 19 years & & Calippus the Cycle of 76 years & Hipparchus the Cycle of 304 years mended this Cycle. Eudoxus was either Eudoxus was either contemporary to Meton or a little later, t but he followed the other Astronomers. He travelled into Egypt & having
& his old interpreter Priscian says they came from yethe red sea / Hen Dionysius Afer says the Phœnicians are were sprang originally from the those men who were born Erythræans & f were the first wh navigators & invented shipping & merchandize by sea & Astronomy & that they inhabited Ioppa, Gaza, Elais, Tyre Berytus Byblus Sidon Tripolis, & Orthosis, Maranthes & Laodice. And his old interpreter Priscian:
littora juxta
Phœnices vivunt veteri cognomone dicti
Quos misit quondam mare rubrum
Erythræ was also the country of the Erythræum Sibil & in sia neare sias the country of the & Erythra acra was a promontory in Libya & a city in Ætolia, & Erythræum a promontory in Crete & Erythros a place neare Tybur & Erythem a city & country of Paphlagonia & Erythia or Erythr the
Island of Gades a neare Chias planted by the Phœnicians. , & another place Nam repeto Herculeas Erythræa ad littora Gades. Silisas l. 19.
Erythra acra a promonotory in Libya Herodotus tells us that among the colonies of Cadmus there were Erythreans, & Stephanus that
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When the Greeks by assisting Psammiticus Psammiticus by the assistance of the Ionians became king of Egypt & opened a communication between the Greeks Egypt & Greece the Greeks might learn that from the Egyptians that the Equin solstice was in the twelfth degree Of Cancer & Thales oThen Thales revived Astronomy among the Greeks & wrote a book of the Tropicks & Equinoxes Pliny tells us that Thales determined the occasus matutinus of the Pleiades to be upon the 35t day after the autumnal Equinox & thence Petavius computes the longitude of the Pleiades in ♈ 23° 35′, whence it follows that& by consequence the summer solstice was taken in the 11th degree of Cancer. At length Meton & Euctemon in order to publish the Lunar Cycle of 19 years observed the summer solstice in the year of Nabonassar 316, & Columella tells us that they placed it in the eighth degre of Cancer – – – – of Solmon or thereabouts.
Hipparchus Rhodius the great Astronomer about comparing his own observations with those of former Astronomers concluded first of any man that the Equinoxes had a motion backwards in respect of the fixt starrs, & went backwards about an one degree in about an hundred years.This he gathered from the Chronology of the Greeks [about 14550 years before Christ or 1100 years after the Troj Argonautic Expedition according to that Chronology: whereas the Equinox goes backwards a degre in 72 years, & if & the therefore that Chronology made the Argonautic Expedition too ancient & the time should be shortened in the proportion of 72 to 100.] wchwhich placed the Argonautic expedition 1100 years earlier than his days. He flourished in yethe He made his first observations of the Equinox on inof the Equinox between the years of Nabonasser 586, [that is 270 years after the observation of Meton & Euctemon In that time] & 618, or about 1100 years after 296 years after the observations of Meton & Euctemon, [& 1100 years after the Argonautic expedition according to the Chronology of the Greeks then in use.] In these 296 years the Equinox would must have come backwards 4 degrees & so having been in the 4th degree of the ancient situ, havingCancer in the age of Hipparchus of degrees & have by consequence have gone back 11 degrees since the Trojan war that is in 1096 years according to the Chronology of the ancient Greeks then in use, wchwhich is after the rate of about an hundred years to a degree, according to the Chronology of the Greeksor therea. But it really went back a degree in seventy two years, & 11 degrees in 792 years. wchwhich Count backwards these 792 years & they will pleace the Argonautick expedition about 43 years after the death of Solomon as above. The Greeks have therefore made the T Argonautic expedition about 300 years ancienter then it was then the truth & thereby gavegiven occasion yethe errenous opinion of Hypparchus to that pre the Equinox goeswent backwards after the rate of only a degree in 100 years. and of 72
Thus by two Arguments founded upon Astronomy, the one taken from the Precession of the Equinox, the other from the Æra of the Theban year of 365 days, it appears thatt the Tr Argonautic expedition was about 40 or 50 years later then the death of Solomon, & the Trojan war about 70 or 80 years later then his death & the death of Amenophis or Memnon about 90 or 95 years later. And the truth of these things will appear more flully by the history be further confirmed when it shall appear that Sesostris was Sesac & invaded the nations one generation before the Argonautic expedition. ButNow these recconings differing from the chronology of the Greeks gives us occasion to enquire into the reason of the difference
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Hesiod tells us that sixty days after the winter solstice the Areturus rose just at Sunset. Till his days & long after, the solstices were placed in the middles of the Constellations of Cancer & Capricorn, their motions not being then Gr known. And the suns Apoge was then in ♋ 0°. 8′. 38″ or thereabout.In those sixty days the suns mean motion from the winter solstice was 59gr. 8′. 10″. & his Equation amounted untoabout 1gr. 39′. 30″, & by consequence his whole motion from the winter solstice to wasfrom the winter solstice was 60gr. 47′. 40″, & this motion was from the wonter solstice according to the recconing of Hesiod & the ancients. that is, from the middle of the Constellation of Capricorn: to ♓ 09gr 47′. 40″. recconing the signe ♄ to begin in the middles of the constellateons of Cancer & Capricorn And the opposite point of the Ecliptic wchwhich rose at the same time with Arcturus was in ♍ 60gr. 47′ 340″ Cancer Leo Virgocoming & distant from the summer solstice & this solstice was then placed in the middle of the Constellation of Cancer. The north latitude of Arcturus is 30gr. 57′, & the elevation of the Pole at M mount Helicon near Athens where Hesiod lived, was 37gr 45′ according to Ptolomy. And thence Ricciolus – – – – – that this excess is . Which being added to ♍ 0gr. 487′, 40″., gives the longitude of Arcturus ♍ 13gr .When the sun sets visibly his upper limb is 33′ below the Horizon In those early days the Sun would move from the winter solstice into ♓ 0gr. 48′, placing the beginning of the recconing in] 2 sign 60gr 487′, 40″ & so bee in ♓ 0gr. 487′, 40″ according to the recconing of the ancients. And the opposite point of the Eclptic wchwhich rose at the same time with Arcturus would be in ♍ 0gr. 48′. The north latitude of Arcturus is 30gr 57′, & the elevation of the Pole at mount Helicon neare Athens where Hesiod lived, was 37gr. 45′ according to Ptolomy. And thence Ricciolus (lib VI Almagest. cap. XX. Prob. VIII) teaches how to compute the excess of the longitude of Arcturus above the longitude of the said opposite point of the Ecliptic. And by the computation I find that this longitude is excess is Which being added to ♍ 0gr. 48′ gives the longitude of Arcturus ♍ 13gr When the sun sets visibly his upper limb is 33′ below the Horizon being so muich elevated by the refraction of the Atmosphere & his center is still 16 minutes lower, in all 49′ below the Horizon. And the part of the Ecliptick between the Horizon & the center of the sun is an arch of 62′. And when the star rises visibly it is 33′ below the Horizon being so much elevated by the refraction. And the arch between the Horizon & the star in the parallel of the starrs Latitude is 41 minutes. And these 62 & 41 minutes amount unto 103 minutes. Which being added to the longitude of the starr found above, give its correct longitude in ♍ 13gr. The longitude of the starr at the time of the Argonautic expedition was ♍ 13gr. 24′. 52″, as above. And the difference is so small as scarce to be sensible in the coarse observations of the ancients.
–, that is, from the middle of the Constellation of Capricorn. There the Ancients of those days placed the winter solstice; & from thence recconing the signes ♑, ♒, ♓, &c; the 60gr, 47′. 40″ end in ♓ 0gr. 47′. 40″. And the opposite period of the Ecliptic wchwhich rose at the same time with Arcturus was in ♍ 0gr. 47′. 40″. The north Latitude of Arcturus is 30gr 57′
Hesiod tells us that sixty days after the winter solstice the star Arcturus rose just at sunset. And thence it may be gatheredfollows that Hesiod flourished about an hundred years after the death of Solomon.
Hesiod tells us that onsixty days after the winter solstice, the star Arcturus rose just at sunset. Till his days & long after the st solstices were placed in the middles of the Constellations of Cancer & Capricorn their motions. not being then known. And the sun's Apoge was then in ♋ 00gr. 08′. 38″ or thereabout. In those sixty days the Sun's mean motion was 59gr 068′. 10″. & his equation about 1gr. 39′. 30″. & by consequence his whole motion was 60gr.47′. 40″. And this motion was from the winter solstice according to the recconing of Hesiod & the Ancients, that is from the middle of the Constellation of Capricorn. There the ancients of those days placed the winter solstice, & from thence recconing the signes ♑ ♒ ♓ ♈ &c, the 60gr. 47′. 40″ end in ♓ oogr. 47′. 40″. And the opposite point of the Ecliptic wchwhich rose at the same time with Arcturus was in ♍ 00gr. 47′. 40″. The north lLatitude of Arcturus is 30gr. 57 & the elevation of the Pole at mount Helicon neare Athens where Hesiod lived was 37gr. 45 according to Ptolomy. And thence Ricciolus (lib. VI Almagest, cap. XX Prob. VIII) teaches how to compute the excess of the longitude of Arcturus above the longitude of the said opposite point of the Ecliptick. And by the computation, I find that this excess is which being added to ♍ 00gr. 48′, gives the longitude of Arcturus ♍ 13gr When the Sun sets visibly his upper limb is 33′ below the horizon. being so much elevated by the refraction of the Atmosphere & his center is 16′ lower, in all 49′ below the horizon. And the part of the Ecliptic between the horizon & the center of the sun is an arch of 62′. And when the starr rises visibly it is 33′ below the horizon, being so much elevated by the refraction. And the arch between the horizon & the starr in the parallel of the stars latitude, is 41 minutes. And these 62 & 41 minutes amount unto 103 minutes. Which being added to the longitude of the starr found above, gives its correct longitude ♍ 13. . The longitude of the starr at the time of the Argonautic expedition was ♍ 13gr. 24′. 52″, as above. And the difference is so small as scarce to be sensible in the coarse observations of the ancients.
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This Temple wasaaEzra 6.3,4 sixty cubits high & sixty broad, high & sixty broad being two stories high, with one row of Treasure chambers chambers about wchwhich made it sixty cubits broad. And on either side the Priests court were double buidlings for the Priestsa upon three rows of marble pillars below & a row of cedar beams above in the storis above. The Priests court & seperate place with the buildings one on either side conteined an area 200 cubits square &wchwhich was properlystrictly called the sanctuary. The peoples court called weomens court was 100 cubits broad from east to west & 200 long It was so named because the weomen had admittanceunto it as well as the men. They worshipped in Galleries & above in the Galleries & the men upon upon yethe ground below.
[When this Temple had stood about 200 years Simeon Jusatus compassed it wthwith the wall Chayl, & some sometime after And when it had stood 200 years longer the enemies of the Jews built a castle in the northern side of the people court & the Assamoneans bult south side of the peo ]
This Temple was 60 cubits high & sixty being broad being built in two stories only two stories in height & having but one row of treasure chambers about it. And on either side of the Priest Prioests court seperate place were double buildings for the Priests upon three rows of marble pillars below & cedar beames ( in the stories above. And the seperate place & Priests court wthwith the buildings on the south & north sides & the weomens court at the east end look up an area three hundred cubits long & two hundred broad, the Altar standing in the center of yethe whole.
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Pag. 1. lin. 4. All nations before the just length of the solar year was known – – – – – – – – And this is the fundamental error of the choronology of the Greeks.
Pag. 13. lin. 41.
Pag. 20. lin 14. The expedition of Sesostris was one generation older then the Argonatic expedition – – – – – – –
I have now carried up the Chronology of ancient Greece from the timetime rise of the Persian Empire to the first memory of things. not exactly, but asdone done in Europe, & I dyne and I have done it, not exactly to a yeare, but as near the truth as I have been able to collect from the records now extant. And The chief thing wchwhich I have endeavoured to shew is that the Argonautic expedition was about 40 or 45 years after the death of Solomon; & this I have proved by the following arguments
21.1 Chiron & Musæus formed the Sphere wthwith the Asterisms for the use of the Argonauts, & in the primitive Sphere as it aswas delineated by AratusEudoxus, the Colurus æquinoxiorum cut the Ecliptic in the points of the starry firmament wchwhich are in the end of the year 1689 were in ♉ 6. 29 & scorpio 6. 29 & soby consequence the equinoxes had then gone back 396gr 29′ since the time of the Argonautic expedition. They go back one degree in 72 years & 36gr 29′ in 2672 years wchwhich counted backwards from the end of the year 1689 places the Argonautic expedition 43 years after the death of Solomon.
34.2 The years of Nabonasser were the same with those of Egypt & began on one & the same day called Thoth: & the year of Egypt began at the Vernal equinox about 962 years after the death of SOlomon: about wchwhich time a splendid sepulchure was errected to Amenophis thewith celebrating him for his Astronomical performance in setting the year of 365 days by the heliacal risings & settings of the starrs, on every day of that year on wchwhich it was year from wchwhich the Egyptians began their account. And Amenophis was that Memnon who reigned in the time of the Trojan war. And the taking of TroyArgonautic expedition was one generation laterearlier then the Argonautic expedition taking of Troy.
43The Greeks had no chronology before the reign of the Persians under Cyrus Cambyses & Darius Hystaspis, but began then to collect it from the number of the kings who reigninghad reigned in the several cities of Greece, recconing their reigns one w equipollent to generations & three generations one with another equipollent to 100 or 120 years. And particularly they collected the t placed the return of the Hereclides 80 years later then the taking of Troy & collected the time of that y return from the number of kings who had reigned at Sparta after that return by putting their reigns one with another at about 35 years a piece. Whereas kings reign one with another but 18 or 20 years a piece one with anotherat a medium according to the course of nature And since Chronology has been certain there is scarce any instance of ten kings reigning in continual succession above 250 years. Whence all the times of the Greeks preceding the Persian Empire are to be shortned in the proportion of about 19 to 33 or4 to 7 & by thi & by this recconing the return of the Heraclides Argonautic expedition & the taking of Troy & return of the Heraclides will be where we have placed them.
46 Sesostris was Sesac & invaded Thrace & Greece one generation beforethe Argonautic expedition, & after two or three years returned from Freece into Egypt in the 14th year of Rehoboam. And two of his sons by Phlias & Eudeon his sons by Ariadne the daughter of Minos were ar Argonauts. And Prometheus whom he left at Mount Caucasus to guard that pass against the Scythians stayed there thirty years & then was released by Hercules the Argonaut at the end of thirty years
57 At the arrival of Sesostris in Egypt his brother Danaus immediataly fled from him into Greece with his 50 daughters in a long ship wthwith 50 oars, after the pattern of wchwhich the ship Argo was built by Argus the son of Danaus. And Nauplius the Argonautwho was born in Greece of one of his daughters called Amymone, was one of the Argonauts.
69 The Argonautic expedition was occasioned by the distraction of Egypt wchwhich arose [from the death of Orus & his sister Bubaste & mother Isis wchwhich put an end to the royal family of Egypt, &] from the invasion of Egypt by the Ethiopians who drowned their king Orus in the Nile & wherefrom their being beaten by Asa, & from the revolt of Osarsiphus from the Ethiopians & thethe lower Egypt from them & their retirement of the Ethiopians from the lower Egyptthence under their young king Amenophis: all wchwhich happened in the 35th 36th & 37th year after the death of Solomon. & w
5.7. The Spartan legslator Lycurgus was contemporary to the poet Terpander who go the victory in
the Carnea in the 26th Olypiad. And the Quinquertium was instituted in the 18th Olympiad, & one of the games of the qQuinquertium was the Disk, & Lycurgus gave the firstthree Olympic Disks his name being upon them; & therefore he flourished in the 18th Olympiad & for some time after. And before Lycurgus became l succeeded Polydectes in the kingdom of Sparta there were six kings of Sparta (Procles, Sous, Euripon, Prytanis Eunomus Polydectes) whose reigns wchwhich by recconing theirm reigns one wthwith another at about 18 or 20 years apeice amount to about 180 years & these years counted back from the 18th Olympiad place the return of the Heraclides about 52 years before the first Olympiad, & by consequence the taking of Troy about 74 years after the death of Solomon.
8 Virgil who might have some things from the archives of Carthage, & Cyprus & Tyre makes Æneas contemporary to Dido & she f;ed from Tyre in the 7th year of her brother Pygmaleon & built Carthage so as to finish & dedicate it in the 16th year of that king that is 98 years after the death of Solomon.
9 Cadmus fled from Sidon to Greece upon the taking of Sidon by the Philistims assisted by the Edomites who
910. Upon the conquest of Edom by David abou
10. About the 12th year of David upon his conquest of Edom the Edomeites fled from him every way wthwith letters & other arts & sciences wchwhich they had learnt by their navigation & trade upon the red sea. Some fled into Egypt wthwith their young king Hadad & carried thither letters navigation & Astronomy; [others fled by sea into the Persian gulph &with letters & taught the Chaldeans letters MathematicksAstronomy, Agriculture, & the building of cities & temples & their leader was then celebrated by the name Oannes;] others fled to the Philistims & assisted them in conquering Sidon about the 156th or 18th year of David & made the Sidonians fly someby sea to Tyre Aradus, Cilica & the sea coasts of Cilicia, Caria, Cilicia, Rhodes, Caria, Phyrygia, Crete, Greece & Lybia Libya under the conduct of Abibalus, Cadmus, Cilix, Thasus, Membliarius Atymnus & other captains with letters other & knowledg & skill in metals & other arts. At that time Europa the mother of Minos came into Crete. And this was about three generations before the Argonautic Expedition & scarce above For Talus the son of Minos was slain by the Argonauts, & For Deucalion thea younger son of Minos lived till the Argonautic expedition & is sometimes recconed among the the Argonauts & Talus another son of Minos was slain by the Argonauts, & his granson Idomeneus warred at Troy. And Ino the daughter of Cadmus lived till Phryxus fled from her to Aëtes at Colchos, & by consequence till within& Æeteo was left there by Sesostris one generation before the Trojan war Argonautic expedition.
By all these arguments the Argonautic expedition was about 40 or 45 years after the death of Solomon: And this period being setled, setlessetles all the rest,, For it settles the times of the coming of Ca the coming of Cadmus & birth of Minos being three generations earlier & the taking of Troy one generation later & the that expedition & four gemerations earlier then & the first Olympiade five yea & the return of the Heraclides firsty& the first Olympiad five generations later then that expedition; ☉☉ & between the return of the Heraclides into Peloponnesus & 18th Olympiad in wchwhich Lycurgus gave the firstOlympic Disks with his name upon them, theirre reigned six kings of Sparta wchwhich at about 20 years a piece one wthwith another took up about 120 years & so place that return about 52 years before the first Olympiad. I do not pretend – – I do not pretend to be exact to a year For the Greeks before the times of the Persian empire, recconed only by the numbers of generations & reigns of kings, & Priestesses of Iuno Argivas, putting them reigns of kings one wthwith another at about 33, 35 or 40 years a piece: one with another, whereas an allowance of 18 or 20 years a piece one with another at a medium is more agreable to the course of nature wchwhich is almost double to their length in our days by the course of nature.
And thus much concerning the ancient state of Greece.
And since Chronology has been certain there is scarce an instance of ten kings reiging in continual sucession above 280 years 250 years.
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23 . Hipparchus the great Astronomer, who livedflourished about106090 years after the Argonautic expedition according to the chronology then received, finding thatthe Equinox had gone in the 4th degree of the aeg Constellation of Aries wchwhich is eleven degrees backwarder then in the primitive sphere; concluded that the Equinox went back a degree in an hundred years: whereas it goes back a degree in 72 years, & 11 degrees in 792 years. wchwhich counted back from the days of Hypparchus place the Argonautic expedition about 40 or 45 years after the death of Solomon.
95 Carthage was built by Didio, the sister of Pigmaleon & stood 737 years & then was destroyed by the Romans in the consulship of Lentullus & Mummius in yethe year of the Julian period 4568, & so was built 498 years after the death of Solomon, & in the 2216th year of Pygmæleon. And Virgil makes Æneas & Teucer who warred at Troy contemporary to Di Pygmaleon & Dido.
Cadmus. 2660. 2928. 268. 67. 335. 3264 3263
Cadmus. 2660. 2928. 3459. | 268. 531.
Due. diluri. 2436. 2928. 3459 | 492. 531 | 123.10
Argonaut. 2714. 304312. 3459) 298. 4467.| 874 1/2 410 89.
Troja capta. 2766. 3043. 3459) 277.416 | 69. 83.
After Solon had made his laws for the Athenians he travelled then years, & before he returned home he visited Crœsus. Upon his return hime Comia Archonte Pisistratus began to affect the tyranny & Solon died within a year of two some months after being very old, Hegiatrato Archonte pronimo anno Cyrus took Bab The legislature of Solon was therefore about 15 or 14 years before his death, [Cyrus took that of Draco might 16 or 20 years earlier] Cyrus took Babylon Anno Nabonass 209 according to Ptomies Canon & he might take Sardes six or eight years before & Crœsus reigned 14 years & the so begain his reign AnnoNabonass 188. And becaus the year in which Solon visited Crœsus is not known let us putplace it about the middle of thie reign of Crœsus Anno Nabonass. 202195. And thus his otherSolon might dye Anno Nabonass 206199 & make his laws Anno Nabonass 1594 & the Legislature of Draco ,ight be 16 orabout16 or 20 years earlier suppose Anno Nabonass 176 or thereabout & An. 12. Olymp. 4950 or thereabout
Pa. 17. In this interval of time reigned nine kings of Corinth reigned Aletes, Ixion, Agelas, Rymnes, Bacchis Agelas II, Endemus, Aristopdemus & Telestes, & their reigns recconed at 198 years a piece one with anoteranother amount unto the year 17162 years & then reigned the Prytanies anually till the reign of Cypselus
After Solon had made laws for the Athenians he travelled ten years & before the end of his travells visited Crœsus, & died within less then two years after returned home Comia archonte [& in the reign of Hegistratus the next annual archon, & by consequence within less then two years after his return.] Upon his & Pisistratus began to affect the tyranny over Athens. The next year Hegistratus was annual archon, & in his year magistracy Solon died. He died therefore within less then two years after his return to Athens & & within three years after his conversation with Solon about three two or three years after his conversation with Solon & about 14 or 15 years after he had made his laws,. Crœsus Cyrus took babylon Anno Nabonass nine years before his death Anno Nabonass 209, An. 2. Olymp. 60, & he might take Sardes 6 or 8 years before suppose An. 3 Olymp. 58. & Crœsus reigned 14 years & so began to reign An. 1. Olymp. 55. And because the year in wchwhich Cro Solon visited Crœsus is not known let us place it ab about the middle of Solon'sthe reign of Crœsus Ann 4 Olymp. 56. And the legislature beginng of Solons travel of ten treturn of Solon from his travels might be A & the beginning of the tyranny of Pisistratus might be Ann. 1 Olymp 57 & hisSolons Legislature Ann 1, Olymp. 54., And the legislature of C that is, about 46 years And the legislature of Draco might be about 16 or 20 years before & after the first annual Archons began, or about & the legislature of Draco might be about 20 years earlier then that of Solon. And by this recconing the objection of Plutarch against Chron. abouttaken from the conversation of Crœsus & Solon may be tedremoved without any straining. – Plutarch against the Chronological Canons is removed without any straining.
60′ in 72y. 5′ in 6 y. 50″ in 1y.
133. 12.1 33. 1. An 3. Olymp. 46.
Chap. 1
The uncertainty of the Chronology of the ancient Greeks. They computed the times from the return of the Heraclides & to the reign of the Persian kings by the number of kings of Sparta, considered as so many generations & recconing them at 35 or 40 years a piece: whereas according to yethe course of nature kings reign but 18 or 20 years a piece one wthwith another at a medium. And by this recconingthe
An. 4. Olymp. 43
Pag. 9. l. 25.The Europeans had no Chronology before – – – – And this is the fundamental error of the artifical erro chronology of the Greeks. P. 13. l. 41.
– P. 14 expelled the sons of Pisistratus an. 1. Olymp. 67, according to the Marbles.Hence Phidon, Alcmæon, Clisthenes, Eurolycus, Solon & Crœsus were all of them contemporary to one another & Leocides Megacles & Agarista were one generation younger. The reign of Crœsus began taking of Bably- According to the Canon of Ptolomy Babylon was taken by the Medes in conduct of Cyrus under Darius the Mede in the year of Nabonassar 209, an. 2 Olymp. 60 ineurte. Sardes might be taken by Cyrus about 8 years earlier an 2. Olymp. 58, [& three or four years before suppose an 2 Olymp 57 Cyrus might entertain Solon & Solon a year or two after Pisistratus begin his tyranny a year or two before & Solon return from from his ten years travel ] & by consequens Crœsus begin his reign an. 4. Olymp 54.
– – – Phidon therefore was contemporary to Solon, Alcmæon Clisthenes, Eurolycus & Crœsus & Leocides Megacles & Agarista were one generation younger. Sardes was taken by Cyrus An. 13 Olymp. 58. The reign of Crœsus began 14 years earlier An. 31. Olymp. 4255. And the conversation of Solon & Crœsus might be An. 3 Olyp 57.
Between the taking of Troy & the death of Codrus, there reigned six kings at Athens, vizt Demophoon Oxyntes, Aphidas, Thymætes, Melanthus & Codrus, the third & fourth of wchwhich reigned together but nine years according to Chronologers. If to the other four one wthwith another we should allow about 21 or 22 years a piece one wthwith another they wou would place the death of Codrus about 953 years after the taking of Troy or 135 years after the return of the Heraclides. Then reigned twelve Archons for life successively, who being elected might & by consequence grown up to years of discretion before they began to reign, theiry might reigns one wthwith another might take up about 13 or 14 or 15 years a piece one with another& all together about 168or 162 years '[& so end about 183 years after or in the return of the Heraclides.] Then reigned seven decennial Archons, some of wchwhichreigning abo dying in their regency, they might reign all together reign about 40 or 50 or 50 years, & then reigned the annual A so end in the 42 or 43 Olymp 44th or 20 Olympiad or thereabout. The followed the annual Archons till Pisistratus[till the Empire reign of the Greeks. Among these Archons were Draco & Solon] amongst whom were the legislators Draco & Solon] & so end about 297 years after the return of the Heraclides or in the 42th Olympiad. an. 3.
About one or two years after the death od Codrus, his second son Neleus not bearing the reign of his brother Medon at Athens, began the Ionic Migration, & was after a few years followed by his younger brothers Androclus & Cyaretus. And about 26 years after the death of Codrus these new colonies set up over then a common council – Erythrea.
And that of Draco might be 165 or 20 years earlier, suppossuppose Ann 1. Olymp 45 50.And by this recconing the objection of Plutarch against Chronolog taken from the conversation of Soloon wthwith Crœsus, against the Chronocal Canou is removed wthwithout any straining.
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In the beginning of the year 1690 the star called Prima Arietis was in ♈ 28gr. 51′, & the star called Ultima Caudæ was Arietis was in ♉ 19gr. 3′. 42″. And the middle between them was in ♉ 8. 57′. 22″. And the Colurus Æquinoctiorum passing through the midd point in the middle between those two stars did there cut the Ecliptic in ♉ 6gr 44′ as may be collected by Trigonometry. And therefore the middle of the middle of the Constellation fo Aries, wchwhich in the time of the Argonautic Expedition was in ♉ 00gr. 00′. 00″, is nowwas in yethe beginning of the year 1690 in ♉ 6gr. 44′; & so had then gone back 36gr 44′. It goes back one degree in 72 years & 36gr 44′ in 2645 years/ Count these years back from the beginning of the year 1690 & the recconing will end 955 years before the vulgar Æra of ΧtChrist ytthat is about 25 years after the death of Solomon, & there place the Arg. Exped.
But its better to deduce the positions of the Coluri from the places of the fixt stars thorugh wchwhich the Coluri passed in the primitive sphere & this method places the Argonautic Expedition about 42 years after the death of Solomon.
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Now drawing the Colures of the Equinoxes & Solstices in the positions here described, they will cut the Ecliptick in the ♉ 67gr, ♏ 67gr, ♌ 67gr & ♒ 67gr this present year recconing the Equinoctial where it is this present year 1720 And therefore the Equinoctial has moved 37gr since the Argonautic expedition But it goes back so many degrees in 37 X 72 years that is in 2664 years wchwhich counted back from the year 1720 places the Argonautic Expedition 944 before Christ or about 34 years after the death of Solomon.
Now drawing the Colures of the Equinoxes & Solstices in the positions here described, they will cut the Ecliptic in points wchwhich in the beginning of the year 1690 were in ♉ 6 1/2gr, ♏ 6 1/2gr, ♌ 6gr 30′ & ♒ 6gr 30′. And therefore in that year the Equinoxicial points had in the year 1690 moved backwards 36 1/2gr in the from the places wchwhich they were in the time of the Argonautic Expedition. Now 36 1/2gr at the rate of 72 years to a degree giveanswers to produce 2628 years, wchwhich counted back from the year 1690 places the Argonautic Expedition in the begin 938 years before the vulgar Æra, that is about 42 years after the death of Solomon. The description of the Colures set down by Hyipparchus is bout coarse & the places of the fixt stars were but coarsely observed by the ancients; but yet they suffice for determining the Longitude without err places Colures without erring abovabove a degree in their Longitude: & therefore the Argonautic Expedition was not earlier then [the tenth year of] Solomons reign.
– through the middle of theose constellations.
For Hipparchus tells us that Eudoxus drew the Colure of the solstices through the middle of the great Bear & the middle of Cancer & the neck of Hydrus, & the star between the Poop & Mast of Argo & the tail of the south Fish, & through the middle of Capricorn & of Sagilla & through the neck & right wing of the swan & the left hand of Cepheus; & that he drew the EquinoctiaEquinoctial Colure through the left hand of Cepheus Arctophylax & along the middle of his body & cross the middle of Chelæ, & through the right hand of& forekne of the Centaur & through the flexture of Eridanus & head of Celus & the back of Aries a cross & through the head & right hand of Perseus
In the middle of Cancer are the Aselli cal two starrs of the 4th magnitude called by Bayer δ & γ & δ. In the neck of Hydrus is the star of yethe fourth magnitude called δ by Bayer. In suprema puppi sequens, Baiero 2, magn. 3. In cauda Piscis OAustrini Notij stella magn. 3 cujus longit ♒ 6. 25. & lat. Austr. 21gr. 30′. Sagillæ θ stella magn 6. In the neck of the swan between η ♃ Χ starrs of the 4th & 5t magn. In medio Capricorni η stella magnit. 5th.
The star in in the back of Aries mag. 6. The star γ in the head of Cetus mag. 4. In manu Centauri σ mag. 4. In cubito Eridani senpectore Ceti ρ mag. 4. In capite Persei τ mag. 5. In manu dextro Persei η mag. 4
In the middle of Cancer are the Aselli two stars of the fourth magnitude called by Bayer γ & δ. Their Longitudes in the beginning of the year 1690 were ♌ 3. 13. 0 & ♌ 4. 23. 40. & the longitude of the point in the middle between them ♌ 3. 48. 20. In the neck of Hydra is the star of the fourth magnitude
called δ
δ by Bayer. Its longitude in the said year was ♌ 5. 59. 3. Between the Poop & mast of Argo is a star of the third magnitude callecalled ι by Bayer. Its longuitude in the same year was ♌ 7. 5. 31. In the tayle of the south fish is a star of the third magnitude whose longitude in that year was ♒ 6°.25′. In Sagitta is a star of the sixt mag magnitude called θ by Bayer. Its longitude then was ♒ 6. 29. 53. In the neck of the Swarn are the star η of the fourth & χ of the fift magnitude Their Longitudes then were ♒ 8237. 28 & ♒ 4. 36. 37. & the longitude of the middle point between them ♒ 6. 367. 922. In the middle of Capricorn is thea star of the fift magnitude called η by Bayer. Its longitude in the same year was ♒ 8. 25. 55. The sum of these seven Longitudes divided by seven is 8 6. 28′. 27″. And the Colurus solstitiorum wchwhich passes as neare as can be through these seven intersections places in the heavens will cut the Ecliptic in ♌ 6gr. 28′. 27″. & ♒ 6. 28. 27. as I find by summing up the placesdegrees in ♌ & ♒ & taking the seventh part of the summ. So then the solstice since the Argonautic expedition moved backwards from ♌ 6. 28. 27. to ♋ 0. 0. 0 that is 36gr 28′. 27″ wchwhich after the rate of 72 years to a degree answers to 2626 years. And these years counted backwards from the end of the year 1689 places the Argonautic Expedition about 43 years later then the death of Solomon.
In the back of Aries is a star of the sixt magnitude marked υ by Bayer. In the end of the year 1689 its longitude was ♉ 9° 38′. 45″ & north Latitude 6°. 7′ 56″. And the Colurus sostiti Æquinoctiorum passing through this star cuts the Ecliptick in ♉ 6. 567. 4. ♉ 6. 58. 57. [In the head of Cephus is a star of the 4th magnitude marked υ by Bayer. its In the end of the year 1689 its Longitude was ♉ 4. 3. 9 & south Latitude 9. 12. 26. And the Colurus Æquinoctiorum passing through this star cuts the Ecliptic in ♉ 7. . ] In the head of Cetus are two stars of the 4th magnitude called υ & ε by Bayer. In the end of the year 1689 their longitudes were ♉ 4. 3. 9 & ♉3. 7. 35 & their south Latitudes 9. 12. 26 & 5. 53. 7. And the Colurus æquinoctiorum passing in the mid way between them cuts the Ecliptick in ♉ 6. 58. 51. [In the right hand of the Centaur is a star of the 4 magnitude called σ by Bayer In the end of thear 1689 its longitude was & south Latitude And the Colurus Æquinoctiorum drawn through this star cuts the Ecliptick in ♉ 6. 5. 30] In the flexture of Eridanus contiguous to the breast of Cetas is a star of the fourth magnitude of late referred to the breast of Cetus & called ρ by Bayer. Its longitude ♈ 25. 22. 10 & south latitude 25. 15. 50. And the Colurus Æquinoctiorum passing through it cuts the Ecliptick in ♉67.132.540. . In the head of Perseus is a star of the fift magnitude called τ by Bayer. Its longitude (at the time aforesaid) ♉ 23. 35. 30. & north latitude 34. 20. 12 And the Colurus cut the Ecliptic in ♉ 6. 18. 57. In the right hand of Perseus is a star of the 54th magnitude called ♃ by Bayer. In the end of yethe year 1689 the longitude of this star was ♉ 24. 23 27 & north latitude 37. 26. 50. And the Colurus equinoctial Colure passing through it, cut the Ecliptic in ♉ 4. 56. 40. And the summ of the fift part of the summ of the five places of these five Colures in ♉, is ♉ 6. 29. 15. And therefore the Colurus Æquinoctiorum wchwhich in the time of the Argonautic Expedition when the sphere was first delineated, passed through the Equinoxial point ♈ 0. 0. 0. is no was in the end of the year 1689, yet in ♉ 6. 29. 15. And therefore the Æquinox, since that Expedition hath moved backwards from that Colurus 36gr. 29′ 15″. Which at 72 years to a degree answers to 2627 years And these years counted backwards from the end of the year 1689 places the Argonautick expedition 42 yeard after the death of Solomon.
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So Paulinus. Quique Magos docuit mysteria vanæ Necepsos.Apud Ausoniam Epist. 19 He means that [Zoroaster the Legislator of] the Persian Magi had their Astrological mysteries from the Chaldeans & they from the Priests of Egypt where it was invented by Necepsos a little before the invasion of Egypt by Sabacon.
The Canon calls the kings of Babylon Assyrians & Medes
& went thence inro Chaldea & where Zororaster Persiawhere Zororaster the Legislator of the Magi met wthwith it. So Paulinus
Quique Magos docuit mysteria vanæ Necepsos.
In the Canon of the Kings of Babylon are called Assyrians & Medes or Kings of the race of the Assyrians & Medes, wchwhich makes it probable that Nabonasser was an Assyrian.
And Deodorus (l 1. p. 51) They say that the Chaldæans in Babylon are colonies of the Egyptians & being taught by the Priests of Egypt became famour for Astrology. And Hestiæus (apud Joseph. Antiq. l. 1. c 5) the priesrs who escaped, taking the things consacred to Iupiter Enyalius came into Senaar a field of Babylonia; that is the Priests who espcaped from Sabacon the fury of Sabac the fury of SabaconThese seems to relate to an escape of some Egyptian in the furious invasion of Egypt by Sabacon. And this makes it probable –
Pelops married Hippodamia the daughter of Euarete the daughter of Acrisius & of her begot Atreus & Thyestes. Hygen. fab. 84.
Deianira the daughter of lLiber & Althæa married Hercules. Hygen fab 129.
Perseus & Andromeda were the parents of Alcæus Sthenelus Mæstor Electrieo & Gorgophone.Alcæus was the father of Elect Amphitruo & Anæxo & Electrio & Anaxo the daughter of Alcæus Electrio & Anaxo were the parents of Alcmena. Alcæus was the father of Amphitruo & Anaxo Sthenelus & Nicippe the daughter of Pelps were the parents of Alcinoe, Medusa & Eurystheus
Alcæus Sthenelus Mæstor & Electryo & Gorgophone were the children of Perseus & Andromeda & Perseus was the son of Danae the daughter of Acrisius & Eurydice & Eurydice was the sister of Amyclas & daughter of Lacadeæmon & Sparta. Alcmena the mother of Hercules was the daughter of Electryo & Anaxo And Anaxo was the daughter of Alcæus. Sthenelus & Mæstor married Nicippe & Lycidice the daughters of Pelops. And Eurystheus who was born the same year with Hercules the son of Sthenelus & Nicippe. And Pelops married Hippodamiæ the daughter of daugter of Lerisius & of her begot Atreus & Thyestes. And therefore Eurotas & Taygeta were one
SrSir
I would paper here blunder my to you but me an ac Y
Endymion the of Decalion, in
There days of the N Court, & on of Solomon setting & cubits broad
Endymion his son Ætolu Ætolians that sus in the from Ætol
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pag. 23. lin 6
Tentamus the father of Asterius & grandfather of Minor carried a colony of Dorians into Crete from the regions of Mount Olympus inOlympede in Pelopenesus & this country aterwards became the land of came into the hands of the Curetes But the two first kings of Cete contemporary to the Curetes were Asterius & Minos. Europa was the Queen of Asterius & mother of Minos & the Idæan Curetes were her country men & came with her & her brother Atymnus into Crete & dwelt in the Idæan cave in her reign & there found out iron & made armour & educated Iupiter & therfore these three Asterius Europa & Minos must be the Saturn Rhea & Iupiter of the Cretans.
For the law ofmoral law observed by all nations allowed by themthem all while they lived together in Chaldea under the govermtgovernment of under Noah & his sons, & till that is till the division days of P2ley & after the division of the earth [propagated down to Melchizedec the Patrchs. &Ph Job & to the stran enjoyned the stranger within the gates & temple of Israel, enjoined enjoinedreceived commanded the worship of one supreme God & forbad the alienating of his worship. And] by the Chaldeans, & Canaanites & Hebrews &c till they began to worship their kings, & y enjoined the stranger within the gates of Israel, enjoyned the worship of one supreme God. And [enjoyned the both Chri Jews & Christians in the two great Commandments]; requiresincludes the worship of one supreme Godwithout communicating his worship to th. This was originally the moral law of all nations,wchwhich was enjoyned thereby stranger within the gates of Israel & is still the law ofenjoyned all nations enjoyned in the two great com̄andmtscommandments of loving God & Orour neighbour, & without this a Godit virtue is nothing else then a mere name
sequitur uti, posito caliulo, aerem, intervallo aireiter septemocto milliarium Anglicorum a terra in altitudinem, quadruplo rariorem esse quam in superficie terræ intervallo sexdecim milliearium, rariorem esse decies et sexies rariorem esse quam in superficie terræ; intervallo milliarium 24, 32, vel 40, esse partibus 64, 256, vel 12024 rariorem esse comparate; & intervallo milliarium 80, 160, vel 240, esse partibus 1000000, 1000000000000, vel 1000000000000000000 par rariorem, et amplius. Et si
For the moral law of a observed by all nations while they lived together in Chaldea under the dominiongovernment of Noah & his sons & afterwards by the Chaldeans, Canaanites & Hebrews & still they began tocommunicate by worship to their dead kings, includesincludes the worship of one supreme God& forbid the alienating of his worship. This was originally the moral law of all nations. [This was enjoynenjoyned the stranger within the gates of Israel by Moses.② Thise law was breach of this law was anciently punishable by the civil magistrates of the Gentiles.①Job. 31. This is still enjoynenjoyned all nations, (according to the Jews by the seven precepts of the sons of Noah, & according to the Christians by the two great commandments of loving God & our neighbour. & is still③ And without it vertue is nothing else then a mere name.
And Dionysius Halicarnassæus calls them a Spanish people who had been fled from the Ligures driven out of Italy by the the Ligures a little before the migration of the Siculi. He tells us also that Hercules after his expedition agtagainst Gerion in returned from Spain after his expedition against Gerion camewthwith part of his fleet & to the coast of Piemont & & endeavouring there to pass the Alps into Italy was repulsed by the Ligures but afterwards got into Italy & there made some conquests & afterwards sailed to Sicily & granted sets to Fannius king of the Aborigines & Fan Evander king of the Arcadians who assisted him, & after winter, upon the arrival of the rest of his fleet from Erithrain Spain sailed to Sicily. Dionysus tells is also that It was his custome to recruit his army with conquered people, & after they had served himassisted him in making new conquests, to grant themreward them with new seats, in those And the people therefore the people wchwhich he now leftSicani who were the first inhabitants of Ita Siciliy must have been brought by him from Spain, also had& imployed by him against the Ligures, & left by him in Sicily. And this was a little after the coming of Evander into Italy. & Erethræ & the contry of Gerion were without the straits mouth & therefore this was the Egyptian Hercules.
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Thus Diodorus: but Dionysius saith that Dardanus instituted the mysteries Samothracian mysteries his wife Chryses having learnt them in Arcadia, & ytthat Idæus the son of Dardanus instituted soon afterwards the mysteries of the mother of the Gods in Phyrgia
Thus Diodorus. But Dionysius saith that Idæus the son of Dardanus instituted the mysteries of the mother of the Gods in Phrygia & that Dardanus instituted the myst Samothracian mysteries, his wife Chryses having learnt them in Arcadia.
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Hesiod describes four generations or ages of the Gods of Greece the Gods of Greece & saith that the fourth ended wthwith the first was a golden ages in gen in wchwhich saturn reigned & men lived happily wthwithout care & trouble. When that generation was dead they were made Gods & there arose a second generation a silver ageone inferior to yethe former & when they died and were laid in the grave they were also honoured & there arose a third generation of brass violent & strong & warlike & fierce having brass armour & weapons of brass yet they died & there arose a fourth generation of Semigods who were destroyed byby war partly at Thebes in fighitng for the wealth of Oedipus & partly atin going beyond the sea, to the war against Troy in fighting for the sake of Helena. And than arose a fift generation an iron one in wchwhich full of trouble & misery in wchwhich Hesiod himself lived & which when they grew grey headed should also dye. H Hesiod was therefore one generation later then the wars aatagainst Troy & that of the seven captains.Thebes.
4 The Greeks borrowed theirmany stories of the Gods from the Egyptians & applied them to their men of their own nation whom they deified & Hesiod here borrows the story of the four ages from yethe same Egyptians. They Egyptians named the four ages of their Gods from yethe four metals Gold Silver Iron Brass & Iron. of which kind is this story of the four ages of gold silver brass & ironto the where Isis & Mercury setled the worshipThe fourth age Mercury formdformed the figures & worship of the Gods of Egypt & this is usually called the iron age Hesiod lived one agegeneration later & therefore calls the fift age thementions a fift agegeneration & calls that the iron age. The four ages of the Egpytian Gods seem to be the reigns of the four first kings ofin the Monarchy of Egypt after founded byfounded by the expulsion of the shepherds vizt Saturn, Iuppiter & Ammon, the O SesostrisOsiris & Orus. MreoThoth painted Saturn with two facesIn the fourth age Mercury formed the figure & worship of the Gods of Egypt The age fou fourthfourth ag age may comprehend not only the short reign of Orus but all the time from the death of Osiris to the expulsio end of yethe civil wars in Egypt, wchwhich lasted for about 30 years For in the fourth age as Ovid tells us they say madentes ultima cælestum teiras Astræ reliquit, wchwhich is to be understood of Isis after the death of Orus. And thus the fourht age of the Egyptian Gods will end about the same time with the fourth age of the Grecian, wchwhich confirms the time that we have allotted forto the taking of Troy at wchwhich time Troy was taken.
Since the two first ages of were yethe reigns of Iupit Saturn & Iupiter we may reccon the four ages of the G
Diodorus makes him after later then Osimandias or Amenophis Memnon &
Herodotus tells us that right & justice reigobteined abounded in Egypt untill the reign King Rhampsinitus but his sucessor Cheops lapsed into all wickedness shutting up yethe temples interdicting the sacrifices & imploying the Egyptians in his works. Among yethe righteous kings Mæris is included but there b no room for him beforethe by Herodotus set out order & should have been named the last of them. Till the end of his reign the Monarchy flourished but in the reign of Cheops & the following kings it fell to decay. Rhapmpsinitus, I have placed him immediately after between Rhampsinitus & Cheops as yethe last of the righteous kings. ForAnd that the rather because the successor of Mæris is in the Canons called Saophis Suphis & Siphaosis. And Sapphis is also called Siphuris, Phiops, Apappus maximus, Cheops, Chembis, Cheminis. He wrote a sacred book wchwhich saith Manetho I procured in Egypt, & hence they called him Mercury. But whether yethe second Mercury who translated sacredhieroglyphical inscriptions of yethe first Mercury into books was this King or Another the sacred scribe of M one of yethe kings I leave to be examined, supposePerhaps he was Athothes the Physitian who lived in Memphys next after the days of Menes & wrote of Anatomy. Among the successors of Sesostris – – – to his brother Cephren called also Suphis, Saophis Sensaophis, Mente-suphis, Menthu-Suphis Echessos & Achesca-Ocharas. Herodotus makes Cephren like his brother in memory & in in all respects & to have succeeded him & both of them to have reigned 50 years a piece & in the Canons Cheops (by the names of Phiops & Apappus maximus) is said to have reigned 100 years theboth reigns being reigns of the the brother being summed up together I had rin one By their being brothers & by the likeness of their reigns I suppose that they reigned together & shut up the Temples for the space of about 50 years only. It seems
As they built these Pyramids out of a great desin to propagate their own memory to posterity so it seems they shut up the endeavoured to abolish theshut up the temples & interdicted the sacrifices & endeavoured to abolish the worship of the former kings that their own memory might be had in the greater honour t the
T
Ramesses c
Next after Amenophis reigned his son Ramises Ramesses or Rhampsis above mentioned. Diodo Diodorus calls him ABy Herodotus he is called him Rhampisinitus the successor of Proteus, by Diodorus Remphis the son & successor of Proteus. In his reign Troybb b Plin. l. 36. c. 8 was taken for he reigned first under his father & then alone. AIn Heliopolis he placed the biggest Obelisk in all Egypt, wchwhich the Emperor Constantius removed to Rome. The inscription upon it as interpreted by Hermapion stiles him king of yethe world & represents him king reigning over the whole world & over all the earth & that he had saved Egypt by overcoming foreigners & that the Gods had given him a long life. He spent his whole age in heaping – – – – thousand thousand. Seeing he lived long & was born about yethe 16th year of Asa, if we may suppose that he lived about 70 years his death will happen about 105 years after the death of Solomon, & 9100 years before the rise of yethe Assyrian monarchy.
He is called Moeris, Maris, Myris Marrus & corruptly Ayres Biyres Soris, Lachares, Labares & Thuoris by changing the letter Μ into Α, V Ι, Σ, ΛΑ & such like mistakes. //His successor in the cCanons is called Saophis Suphis Siphoas Saophis Siphaosis, & is said to have built the greatest Pyramid & to have been a merchant & contemplator of yethe Gods & to have written a scared book And by changing the letter ס into כ the builder of that Pyramid is by Herodotus called Cheops the word Sapphis being turned into Cheopis or Cheops by changing the letter ס into כ. In the Canons he seems also to be called Phiops & Apappus maximus Whence Moeris is rightly placed between Rhampsinitus & Cheops. Diodorus calls the builder of the great Pyramid Chembis the Greeks changing Cheoph in Chemhpis much after the manner that they Greeks changed Moph into Memphis. Herodotus tells us This kingIn yethe Canons he seems also to be ca Herodotus tells us that — fell to decay. Saphis They tell is that Saphis was a marchant & contemplator of the Gods & wrote a scred book, wchwhich saith Manetho I procured in Egypt, & & h they called him&to yethe same purpose they say that Siphoas was called Mercury. Whether he wasBut considering that he shut up the Temples & interdicted yethe the second Mercury who translated the Hieroglyphical inscriptions of yethe first Mercury, into books & placed was& placed them in the Temple this king may be doubted. Since Menus waswas a lawgiver & the first king who madeset down laws in writing I had rather say that his sacred scribe Sacred Scribe or Secretary was the Mercury who first set down the sacred laws in writing & laid copping them from yethe Hieroglyphics & laid up the books in the Temples, & that this secretary was Athothes the Physitian who wrote of Anatomy & lived in Memphys & in the Canons is made the successor of Menes tho he was was not a campaign king but might goverment Egypt under Menes & Menes & Rhampesses acting perhaps at Memphis as a viceroy under Ramesses the son of Menes. Herodotus tells us
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There was a Temple in Attica called Phorbanteum from Phorbas king of the Curetes who was slain by Erechtheus (Harpocration & Suidas.
This is that Phorbas who people the island Rhodes destroying the serpants wthwith wchwhich the Island abounded being thence called& from whence it was he was called Ophiuchus & the Island Ophiusa & in the Phenician language Iarod Rod from the word Iarod wchwhich signifies a Dragon,. For when the Telechines & Caryates made war upon Phoroneus & the Parrhasians, the Telechines being expelled Peloponnesus went to the Island Rhodes & from them yethe island was called Telchimis. The Caryatæ & Parrhasii were people of Arcadia, the & the Telechines were the Curetes over whom Phorbas reigned first in some part of Sicyon next Argos thence called Telchinia & afterwards in Rhodes. For the Telechines &Phorbas is recconed amongst the kings of Argos & the Telchines & Curetes were the same sort of people, both of them being addicted to religious ceremonies & juggling arts & incantations, & Phorbas was recco & Phorbas reigned first in Peloponnesus being recconed among the kings of Argos.
Manetho tells us that sometime after the shepherds had been expelled Egypt by Tuthmosis oror Amosis, they returned into Egypt to yethe number of 200000 & in conjunction with a great body of Egyptians who revolted from their King they reigned a second time at Abaris about 13 years under one Osarrsiphus & then wre expelled by Amenophis who came down upon them with a great army of Ethiopians from the upper parts of Egypt, & that Osarsiphus was afterw under whose conduct they retired was afterwards called Moses. This Amenophis was Memnon who reigned in Egypt & Susiana till the times of the Trojan war & therefore the expulsion of these shepherds being in the beginning of his reign over Egypt, was in the times between the Argonautic expedition & Trojan war, & therefore these shepherds were the Israelites in the reign of Asa. For Asa In the 15th yeare of his reign they beat the great army of Egypt commanded of Zerah, & the Israelites pursuing their victory might then entered Egypt, & reigned there about 13 years at Abaris or Pelusium & then be expelled by Amenophis. Count backwards 511 years, the whole time of the stay of yethe shepherds in Egypt, & their first entrance into Egy the beginning of their first reign in Egypt will begin presently after the conquest of Canaan by Joshua. And therefore the sheppherds who reigned in Egypt till they were expelled by Misphragmuthosis & Tethmosis were the Phenician f Canaanites flyingwho fled from Joshua as above into Egypt as above& after a few years formed themselves into a kingdom & conquered all the lower Egypt & part of the upper as above AndSo they the shepherds who came o entered Egypt the second time coming from the country of the Canaanites, are by Manetho confounded them togetherwith the Canaanites as if they were one & the same people & Manetho takes their leader for Mo Osarisphus for Moses as if the Moses had led them out of Egypt when they fled from Amenophis. Which has given ocassion to the opinons that the Shepherds who reigned long over Egypt were the Israelites & that Moses was contemporary to Inachus & Apis & that Amosis Amenophis Amosis was the name of the king who reigned in Egypt when Moses led the Israelites into the Wilderness they fled into the wilderness fro under the conduct of Moses when Amenophis or as others say when Amosis was king of Egypt & that Moses lived in the times of Inachus Apis Phoronesus & Apis or one of them.
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The Persians reported that the P
The aApuda Agathard in Bibl. Phot. ttend Greeks figured that this Erythra was a Greek the son of Perseus, & a the Persians that he was the son of a Persian the son of Myozaus in the time of yethe Empire of the Medes. And Str Eratosthenes tells Strabo tells us from Eratosthenes that neare the moutb of the Oerian gulf were two islands – – – – – – left his name to that sea. That I had rather beleive that the Phænicians who traded on those seas in yethe days of Solm. sent colonies sent colonies to those Islands who built those temples in the days of SOlomon, & that Erythra was an Idanæan whose people traded on those seas long before I had rather beleivebelieve that those Islands had their names from Tyre & Aradus in Phenia whose people traded on those sey r those Seas in the days in the days of Solomon & his successors & built those temples then in imitation of their own & that Erythra was either thea King or city &or country whose people traded firstlong before upon that sea & were most probably Edomites, the names, Erythra & Edom being words of the same significantion., The Erythæan sea is therefore the sea of Ed Idumæan sea or Sea of Edom & the Edomites building many cities called Erythra & the Edomites giving the name of Erythra to many cities.
When David smote Edom – – – – – yethe Tyrians
When the Edomites were driven – – – – ad litora Gades. Silius. l. 19.
Navigation therefore came from the red sea to the Mediterranean by three steps; first when the vessels invented on the red sea by king Erythra began to be used on the mediterranean, next when – – – – Davids reign.
Dionysius Afer – – – – – fish. Berosus in the first book of his chaldaic history saith that the land of Babylonians at first lay between Tigris & Euphrates & was inhabited by a contained a multitude of people of other nations inhabiting Chaldæa who lived without order like wild Beasts untill there appeared out of the red seaneighbouring Erythræan sea in a place nextnext Babylonia a Brute aAnimal named named Oannes, having the body of a fish, excepting that under the head of a fish grew out another head & like a mans & likewise out of the tail of a fish grew out the leggs of a man & it had also the voice of an a man, & its image was preserved till the days of Berosus. This living creature conversed in the day time wthwith men & taught them letters & sciences & arts of all kinds & living together in cities & building of Temples & legislature & Geometry & sowing & ingatering of fruits & all things relating to yethe convenience of life. And from that time nothing more has been found out. But at sun set this animal returned into the sea & spent the nights in the sea And other animals of the same ap afterwards other animals appeared like this.. This was the tradition wchwhich the Chaldeans had of yethe original of their letters & arts & sciences & temples & livin living together in civil societies & undermaking laws & building houses & Temples. And its observable that yethe Chaldeans do not make themselves the first authors of these things but acknowledge that they received them from forreigners who came to themChaldea by sea as the Greeks received them from Cadmus & his companions.. For as the Syrians painted Venus & Dagon with the tails of fishes because they sailed upon the seas, so the Chaldeans by painting Cannes & his companions with f the tailes of fishes signify that they were navigators. And since these marriners brought the sowing of Corn into Chaldea we may reccon that they came from the coasts of the redErythreanred sea next the lower Egypt where the sowing of corn was first invented & the invention commemorated by the worship of the Ox. And by consequence that navigation & building of houses & letters and
Astronomy &c were first known to the Erythreas or Ediomites. When the Erythreans began to sail as far as the Persian gulf, then they carried arts & sciences into Chaldea & civilized that people
And since the inhabitants of Thebais who drave the Shepherds out of Egypt did wrote in hieroglyphicks, & the shepherds who were driven out & came into Greece before Cadmus, namely Cecrops, Lelex & their contemporaries did not bring letters into Greece: it seems to me that letters were not in use in Egypt before the Edomites who fled from David carried them thither. For then yethe Princes of Egypt began to be celebrated for Letters & navigation & Astronomy those sciences, & not before Letters therefore & navigationcame from the parts of the red sea to Egypt & Phenicia as from Phenicia to Greece. And before theyLetters came into Egypt & Greece they were long in use upon the Red Sea: for there Moses wrote the ten commandments.
The sowing of corn in Egypt was very ancient Osiris The Egyptians attributed the invention of their letters to Osiris & his scribe Thoth, & celebrated Ammon Sesostris & Atlas for navigation & Astronomy but Moses above 400 years before when he had lived 40 years upon the coasts of yethe red sea wrote the ten commandments in letters & the rest of the law in letters. Whence Eupolemus saith that Moses was the first wise man & delivered writing to yethe Jews wchwhich came from yethe Jews to the Phenicians.
The sowing of corn in Egypt was very ancient for thither Jacob & Abraham went for nourishment in times of famin. The lower Egypt was therefore inhabited before yethe days of Abraham & not only inhabited but under the government of kings. For when Abraham came into Egypt the Princes of Pharoah commended his wife before Pharaoh. The use of metals was also very ancient in Egypt & Syria For Abraham Apud Pholium was very rich in cattel & in silver & in gold. Agatharcides tells us that in the upper parts of Egypt between the Nile & the red sea is a long tract of mountains of of whit abounding wthwith white marble & metalls & that the go working of gold mines there iswas very ancient even from the times of the first kings of the place & ytthat the a it ceased first upon an invasion of Egypt by an army of Ethiopians who reigned over Egypt many years & built the Memnonia, & then again upon an invasion of Egypt by an army of Medes & Persians: and that where those mines had been wrought there were found hammers of bin them in the days of Agatharades, an incredible number of dead mens bones & hammers of brasse Copper for cutting stones, & the rocks the use of iron being th unknown while those mines were dug.
The anicent Egyptians & inhabitants of Thebais not writingwho wrote in hieroglyphicks represented their kings by hieroglyphyicks, not knowing knowing how to write down their names for want of yethe use of letters whereby sounds are represented And after their names were forgotten called them only by the names of the hHieroglyphicks, thence the t & worshipped them under those figures. And hence it came to pass thatso the kings who found out plowing with oxen the use of oxen in plowing & tillage was represented by an Ox & after his death in the hi & after he was dead & his proper name forgotten, was calledApi or Apis wchwhich signifies an Ox & Sirius Ser wchwhich Ser wchwhich signifies also an Ox & from the greeks ed the words Sirius & Sirus & Osiris & Ser-Apis from the wordרוש, sor, Ταυρος, Taurus Ser an Oxwchwhich signifies also an Ox & from wWhence the Greeks formed the words Siris Sirius & O sSiris & Sirius & the Greeks & Latines the & the Greeks & Latines the words Ταυρος, Taurus & the Phenicians Atsir Acgroth Atter-dag And this way of representing the ancient kings, gave occasion to the Egyptians to worship theirm in the forms & under the names of all sorts of creatures in opposition to wchwhich Moses commanded that the Israelites should not make to themselves any graven image nor the likeness of any thing in the heaven above nor in the waters under the earth earth beneath nor in yethe waters under the earth, that is, the likeness of any birds of heaven beasts of the earth or fishes of the sea. It gave occasion also to the custome of deifying men dead men by other names then those by wchwhich they were called in their life title, as Chalycatis the daughter of King Otreus & mother of Æneas by the name of Astereth & Venus, time, as Gingres the sin of Gyinyras by the name of Adonis, Ino & her son Melicertas the daughter of Cadmus & the son of Ino by the names of Leucothea &Melicerta the son of Ino by the name of Palæmon, the son of Semele by the name of Bacchus, the son of Alcmena by the name of Hercules, & the mother of Achilles by the name of Thetis, the son of Penelope by the name of Pan,✝✝ a king of the Molossi in Epire by the name of Aidoneus or Pluto the Erechtheus & Æolus & the Admiral of Sesostris by the names of Neptune, the nurse Synesius tells us th of Triptolemus a woman of Sicily by the name of Ceres the first master smith of Lemnos by the name of Vulcan, Ammon, & Otreus Minos & all other all the kings of the silver age by the common name of Iupiter, those kings excepted who were deified by other names, by wchwhich means the proper names of many of the ancient kings have been forgotenforgotten
Lib. 16. l. 766Strabo tells us thatfrom Eratosthenes that neare the mouth of the Persian gulf were thetwo Islands called Tyrus & Aradus wchwhich had Temples like the Phenian & whose inhabitants affirmed that the cities of Phenicia of yethe same name were their colonies, T that He& that the Island Tyrina was in the open sea near southward fromHe tells us also that on & sea coast of Carmania southward in the open sea was the Island Tyrrhina in wchwhich was yethe sepulchure of Erythra being a great heap of earth on wchwhich grewplanted wthwith Palm-trees. & that Erythra reigned in those parts & gaveleft his name to that sea. How far this may be relied on I do not know. for he tells us further also ytthat neare the mouth of the Persian gulf were the Islands These relations come from the Persians. For they Persians reported, as Herodotus tells us, that the P Phœnicians came from the Red sea; whereas its more probable that the above mentioned Islands of Tyre & Aradus atseated neare yethe mouth of yethe Persian guilf, were colonies of the Phænicians who traded in those seas in the days of Solomon & his successors, & that Erythra was an Idumæan whose people traded there long before. [yYet it must be allowed that navigation came the Phenicians brought navigationthe navigation of the Phenicians came came from the red sea & that upon several occasions; first when the vessels invented on the red sea began to be used on the mediterranean; thennext when the Edomites were driven from the red sea by David & fled some to Egypt & others to other places & mixing with the Sidonions put them upon trading by sea for a livelyhood & navigating undertaking viagesvoyages as far as Greece & Libya & Peatapolis & lastly when the Edomites revolted from Israel & drave the Tyrians from the red sea. For then the Tyrians being necessitated to trade upon the Mediterranean, & to go seek a trade in such remote places as were not already possest by yethe Sidonians, sailed to yethe to yethe coasts of Gallia Spain & Ma Carthage & Mauritania & beyond the straits mouth.]
When David smote Edom, Joab – – – yethe Tyrians. – – – –
When the Edomites were driven – – – – ad litora Gades. Silius l. 19
Now though it cannot be so the Phænicians came not from yethe Persian gulf yet it may be said that the a Navigation & many navigators came from the red sea to the Mediterranean & that at several times: first when the vessels invented on the red sea began to be used on yethe mediterranean; the next when the Edomites were driven from the red sea by David & fled, some to Egypt & others to other places – – – – – – & beyond the straits mouth. When yethe Sidonians merchansmerchants began first l seas trade wthwith Greece then some of them stole Io according to Herodotus: & therefore Io was stole a little before the middle of Davids reign.
Dionysius Afer says that the Phœnicians sprang originally from those men who were native Eythræans & invented Shipping & merchandize by sea & Astronomy & that they inhabited Ioppa Gaza Elais, Tyre, Berytus, Byblus, Sidon, Tripolis &c. How If he means only that shipping & merchandize &by sea & Astronomy were invented upon the red sea & propagated thence by Mariners and Phœnicians I see no reason to doubt of it. And to these sciences d writing & Arithetick & Letters for Merchandize requires these arts they being necessary to merchandizing merchant for entring & summing stating his accounts. HelladiusApud Photium in Bibl. Cod. 279. tells us that a certain man appeared m came from the red sea called Oan, who had the head hands & feet of a man, the other mem parts of a fish & shewed Astronomy & Letters, & that he was a man & the son of the first man but appeared like a fish because he was cloathed wthwith the skin of a fish. Berosus in the first book of his histo Chaldaic history saith that the ancient
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The first step wchwhich the Antients seem to have made towards bringing yeare to a rule seems to have been by taking the round numbers of 30 days to a month & 12 months to a year, >&For they formed an am artificial chronologicala year of 360 days convenient enough for computations & exact enough for such purposes as they applied it unto. And according to – – – – – they are to be understood of the months of this year. For this yeare the ancientsfirst ages used in alltheir recconings as exact enough where they could not have recourse to the visible revolutions of the Sun & Moon to correct it This was the year wchwhich they used in discoursing of times past or to come. But keeping an account of times present where. But where they could have recourse to use visible revolutionss they corrected it by themthoseas often as they found it disagree from the heavens, adding a month omitting a day in yethe month as often as they found 30 days too long for the course of the moon & adding a month to yethe year as often as they found thwelve months too short for the course of the Sun, so that their months & years might constantly agree wthwith the heavensseasons. For This is plain byfrom Herodotus who in recconing the age of man uses the year of 12 months & 360 days & then adds that every other year was made longer by a month that yethe seasons might agree, that is that the days & months as often as the 12 months of the year were found too short for the seasonsreturn of the seasons, a thirteenth was added to make& therebyto make the months of their year keepfall to their fall constantly upon their on the same seasons And this thirteenth month (according to Herodotus) was added addition was made every other year, three timesexcepting once in eight years, wchwhich exception is requisite to make the seasons agree tho Herodotus was not curious enough to mention it. And This seems to have been the state of the year in the first ages before the invention of exacter Astronomical rules. But after they found out the rules of intercaling three monthsa month thrice in eight years – – – – that is, the twelve months of this year being too short for yethe return of yethe seasons a thirteenth was added every every other year, & by that means it was made to By the agree wthwith the season And this was done every other year according to Herodotus. He should have said every other year excepting once in eight years. for this exception is requisite to make the seasons agree. & was the foundation of yethe Octaeris So then Herodotus his year of 360 days did not run round the heavens but was corrected by yethe the heavensSun & Moon so as to keepe fixt to yethe seasons. And this seems to have been the state of yethe year in the first ages before the invention of exacter Astronomical rules. But after they found out the rules of intercalingadding a month thrice in eight years – – – for 76 years to come
The first step wchwhich the ancients made towards bringing the year to a rule, seems to have been by takin/ they were necessitated to use a certain number of days for a Lunar month & a certain number of months for a Solar year. And so taking the next round numbers of 30 days to a month & 12 months to a year they formed an an o
– – – course of the Moon. Herodotus
This is plain from Herodotus who in his first book introduces Solon thus speaking to Crœsus: I definereccon the life of a man at 70 years, wchwhich amount to 25200 days if you omit the intercalary month. But if you make every other year longer by a month that yethe seasons may agree, in 70 years there will be 35 intercalary months wchwhich amount to 1050 days. And neare the beginning of his second book, speaking of yethe Egyptians, he saith that they order their year so much wiselier then the Greeks as they Greeks add a month to every third year that yethe for yethe sake of the seasons: but the Egyptians counting 12 months of 30 days, add every year five days more to the number. Hence it appears that year of the Greeks wchwhich Herodotus & wchwhich here speaks of did agree suit wthwith yethe seasons, that is with the return of summer & winter, spring & autumn, & therefore was solar, & that itfor making it suit wthwith the returning seasons it had intercalary months & therefore was Lunisolar, & that the Greeks by omittingneglecting the intercalary months & taking the round number of 30 days for a Lunary month recconed this their Luni-solar year to consist of 360 days 12 months of 30 days each. It appears also that this year Lunisolar year had a 13th month added [every third that is] every other year to keep it steddyfixed to yethe seasons : that Herodotus should have said, excepting once in eight years; for so it will agree to the seasons & not otherwise. And this was the Octaëteris of the ancient Greeks.
So then the first ages before they knew the length of the Lunisolar year too while they counted their months by the moon and their years by the seasons without knowing the just length of either & made their year longer by a month as often as yethe seasons required, without knowing the just lengths of their months & years, took yethe round rumbers of 30 days to a Lunar month & 12 months to a lunisolar year. for the convenience of computation. A & Aries thisAnd this approach of the Lunisolar year seems to have been the first oldest way of recconing when time past or to come state of the Lunisolar year in the first agea before they found out exacter rules of computing time ofoldest calendar year or way of recconing time past & to come, but was not ten applied to the time present theywithout corrected it perpetually by the courses of yethe sun & Moon. For as you heard above, the Priests corrected their Calendar years perpetually by yethe heavens. And this Calender year before the invention of the Octaeteris needed very frequent corrections. But after they found out the rules of interco
We are told by divers Authors that the Greeks, Egyptians, & Chaldeans had a year consisting of 360 days & twelve equal months each of wchwhich had 30 days each of wchwhich had 30 days so that the whole year consisted of 360 day
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Hercules, aliis Orpheus (Bayer.
Lyra Apollinis, Orphica, (Bayer. Vide Arienum Orpheo
Serpentanius aliis Hercules (Bayer.
Draco Hesperidum custos. (Bayer.
Aquiila Iovis ales servans Antincum.
Delphin musicum signum
Pegasus, Gorgoneus, Medusæus Bellerophon
Triangulum Ægyptus, Herodoto ποτᾳυοδωρον, Manilio Nili donum.
Aries Chrysomallus, (Phryxeus) (Bayer.) & Phryxeus (alia manu) Vide et 1
Taurus, Io sive Isis, Portitor Europe
Gemini Castor et Pollux, Apollo et Hercules, Triptolemus et Jason
Amphion et Zethus, Tydaridæ, Ledæi Iuvenes Dioscuri
Leo Herculeus, Nemæus
Virgo Astræa, Erigone, Alargatis, Fortuna, Ceres, Aviíieno Isis.
Sæagittarius, Chiron, Centaurus
Capricornus Neptunia proles.
Aquarius Deucalion, Ganimedes, Aristæus, Cecrops.
Pisces, Proles Dercia, Venus et Cupido
Cetus Atlanticus Monstrum marinum, 'ορφὸι 'η ὸρφὼς Orphus aliis Orphas
Eridanus, Fluvius Oceanus Gyon vel Nilus, Padus, Proclo fluvius Oriomis.
Argo Navis, Navis Jasonis
Centaurus, Pholos, Chiron, Minotaurus
Corvus Ales Phæbi
Hydra Hydrus aquaticus, angusis, Sublimatus
Corona, Rota Ixionis, Hipparcho Caduceus
ulam arietis vide in Ovid 3 Fast.
Gaemini Castor et Pollux Hygino, Apollo et Hercules Varroni, Triptolemus & Jasion, aliquibus apud Hyginum, Amphion et Ietheus sea Dii Samces aliquibus apud Bayerem.
Lyra est Orphei iuxla Ovid l 10 & 11 Metam.
De Cepheo AnCassiopæa Andromeda Perseo (Pegasus argoneus )& Cete fabella una sagitta qua Hercules interfecit vulturem Promethei iecur edentem Antinous loco Ganimedis
Cete bellua a Neptuno missa act Andromedam devoraret.
Oepidem
Addunt his quod Lycurgus, Plato & Solon multas ab Ægyptyiis leges mutuari in Respub. suas receperint. Et quod Pythagoras sacrum (quem vocant) sermonem & Geometriæ preæcepta artem numerandi & animam̄ in quodvis animal transmigrationem ab Ægyptiis acceperit – sic et Oeuopidem cum sacerdotibus & Astrologis samiliariter versantem, cum alia tum potissimum Solis circulum quod obliquum habeat iter & εναντίανδὲ Τοῖς ἄλλοις ἄσροες Τιὺ Φορὰν Ποιέῖται contrarium aliis sideribus faciat progressum, dedicisse. Diodor. lib 1 pag 88
Apud Getas Zamolxis Τιὺ χοινιω εcσίαν communem Vestam, apud Judæos Moses Deum qui JAO dictur, legum auctorem suarum suarum fiuxisse perhibetur. Diodor lib 1 pag 84.
Orpheus Thelogiam Græcorum de Ægypto transtulit Diodor. l 1. p 86.
Hermes in manibus gerit bacculum qui fulgidus auro est. Homerus apud Diodor. l 1 p 86.
Orphici per symbola Pythagorei per imagines & figuras divina docere affectaverunt Proclus l 1 c 4 in Theologiam Platonis.
Ægyptum
Diodorum qui in Ægypto ex Ægyptiis et Æthiopibus non paucis malta didicera sermones miscuerat affirmat Ægyptios p ab Æthiopibus begi pleras et eruditos fuisse ey eorum leges pleraset sacraaos avitus æthi opicas esse, et saceris la sen mysticas ægyptiorum literas soli sacerdotibus notas quæ solis hom̄ sacredotibus notæ erant, Æthiopas omnes indiscriminatim uti. Vide et Homerus Deorum epulum anniversarium in Æthiopia constituit.
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took & burnt yethe city & temple. In yethe nineth year of Nebucha Zedekiah & tenth month tenth day of the month that is in December or January the seige began, but upo () but upon Pharaohs army coming forht of Egypt to assist yethe Jews, the Chaldeans rose from the seige to meet them & the army of Pharaoh removedwent back into Egypt & the Chaldeans returned to yethe seige & took in the 10th year of th Zedekiah & took yethe city in & 18th of Nebuchadnezzar Jer 32,1,2 & 37.4,5 11,12,16,21 & & 32.1,2) & took the City the next year. Upon the approaching of PharaohsNebuchadnezzars army the Jews had made a covenant before the Lord to proclaim liberty to their servants according to the law of Moses & accordingly set them at liberty but when the army of Phara Chaldeans rose up from the seige to meet the army of Pharaoh the Jews caused their servants & handmaids whom they had set at liberty to return & brought them again into subjection (Jer 34) & therefore the sabbatical year began in yethe Autumn of the ninthtenth year of Zedekiah & 18th of Nebuchadnezzar, & by consequence the tseige began in yethe sabbatical year
Neb Nebuchadnezzar (according the same Canon & Berosus) reigned after the death of his father 43 years years & died And in yethe year of Nabonasser 1486. The year in wchwhich he died was the 37th of the captivity of Jeremiah Jehojachim according to yethe Jewish account 2 King 25 InOn the 27th day of yethe last month of end of this year has son & sucessor Evilmerodach brought his friend Jehojakim out of Prison & treated him as a particularsingular friend fromby the singular friendship wherewith he treated him it may be presumed that he treated did thisreleased him in the very beginning of his reign & by consequence that Nebuchadnezzar died in the last month of thatthe Jewish year that is in the beginning of that is, in the beginning month of the th year of Nabonassar. Thereafter From the beginning3d month of the year of Nabonassar 186 subduct 37 entire years & f captivity of Jecomias will fall upon yethe beginning of yethe year of Nabonassar 149. This was therefore the first year of Zedekiah orthat is the ninth year of Nebuchadnezzar in Judeæ; & by consequence the first year of Nebuchadnezzar in Judea or 4th year of Jehojakim began wthwithin yethe 3d or 4th month of yethe year of Nabonassar 141 as above, & the captivity of Judehea in yethe year of Jehojakim fell upon yethe year of Nabonassar 140.
In these accompts it is to be observed that the Jews recc years by wchwhich the Jews reccond the reigns of their kings & of the Kings of Babylon began always wthwith in spring with the first month Nisan of their sacred year, & in like manner the years of the kings of Babylon in the Canon begin always with the Thoth of yethe year of Nabonassar For the Jews applied the months of their sacred year to yethe years of their kings. 2 King. 25.1,3,8,27. Ezra 7.8,9,31. Jer 28.1 & 36.9 Haggai 1.1,15 & 2.1,20 Zech 1.1,7 & 7.1 And in the like manner the reigns of the last kings of Babylon in the Canon begin alsways wthwith the Thoth of yethe year Nabonassar. And The beginning of yethe reign of every king wchwhich precedes his first Nisan or Thoth is recconed to yethe last year of the preceding king.
① Evilmerodach reigned two years & then was slain by Nergalasser his sisters husband Nergalasser who in the name or behalfthe minority of his young son Laboasserdach the grand-child of Nebuchadnezzar reigned four years & (according to yethe Canon & Berosus) & then Laboassardach rei according to Berosus reigned nine months more wchwhich are not recconed in the Canon& there six years & nine months recconed from the deaths of Nebuchadnezzar complete the year of Nabonassar 192, yethe Canons included to yethe years of Nergalassarso that the next king begins his reign with the ye year 193. ③ Some take Laboasserdach for Belsasser but he was a minora child whereas Belsassar was born before the 5t year of Zededkiah (Baruch Baruch 1. 11, 12) & therefore at the death of Nebuchadnezzar was above 230 years old. ② Laboasserdach22 17th year was slain in a feast by the conspiracy of his friends who by common consent gave yethe kingdom to Nabounidus a Babylonian & one of the conspirators In his reign Babylonia was by Cyrus beseiged invaded by Cyrus, that is in yethe year of Nabomasser 1209..④ Josephus tells us that Nabonnedus was Belsasser, & Herodotus confirms it by saying that heLabynitus the last king of Babylon Labynitus (for so he calls him) was the son of Nitocris an eminent Queen of Babylon & of Nba former Labynitus, meaning a fo that Labynitus who reigned inwas king of Babylon at yethe time of the great Eclips of yethe Sun predicted by Thales & therefore was the great & Nebuchadnezzar. And this seems further confirmed by Jeremy who foretold that all nations should sebrve the Nebuchadnezzar & his sons & his sons son untill the very time of his land should come & many nations should serve themselves of him Jer. 27.7.
Evilmerodach reigned two years & then was slain by Nergalasser his sSisters husband who in the name of his young son Labaoasserdach the grandchild of Nebuchadnezzar reigned four years (according to Berosus & yethe Canon) & then Laboassardach (according to Berosus) reigned nine months more. And these six years & nine months recconed from the death of Nebuchadnezzar complete yethe year of Nabonassar 192 so that the next king begins his reign wthwith yethe year 193 or not many days before. Laboassardach was slain in a Feast by the conspiracy of his friends who by common consent gave the kingdom wthwith Nabonidus a Babylonian &to whom by common consent they gave the kingdom & in the 17th year of his reign that is in the year of Nabonasser 169 Cyrus wthwith an army of Medes & Persians invaded Babylonia.
Herodotus calls this last king of Babylon Labynitus & says he was the son of a former Labynitus & of Nitocris an Eminent Queen of Babylon. By the father first Lab father he understands that Labynitus who (as he tells us) was king of Babylon in the line of the [war between Cyaxares king of the Medes & Alyatter king of Sardes yethe Lydians] great eclips of the sun predicted by Thales, that is the great Nebuchadnezzar. Whence its probable follows that Labynitus or Nabonnidus the son or Nabonnidus was the Belshazzar of Daniel. For J this is affirmed by Josephus, And& seems t more consonant to sacred writ. then to make Labynitus a stranger as some do. For All nations were to serve Nebuchadnezzar & his posterity till the very time of his land should come & ,amy nations should serve themselves of him Jer 27.7 & therefore Labynitus was either his son or grandson as was also Belthasar & both reigned atwhen Babylon in till came into yethe hands of the Medes & Persians Dan 5 Some take Belthaser to be Laboassardach, but he was a minor wheras Belthasar was born before the 5t year of Jehojakins captivity (Baruch 1. 11, 12)& so was above 30 years old at the death of Nebuchadnezzar.
Cyrus was the son of Cambyses a Persian by Mandane the daughter Astyages, & leading the armies of the kingdom first many years together conquered Crœsus ling of Lydia
Belthassar was born before the 5t year of Zedekiah & (Baruch 1. 11, 12) & therefore was above 30 years old at 7the; death of Nebuchadnezzar & so could be no other king then Labynitus Nabonibus, For Laboasserdach was a minorchild when when he reigned.
Darius was the son of Achswerus of the seed (or royal family) of the Medes, Dan that is of their royal family Dan Achswerus or Oxyares is the same name wthwith Oxyares Cy-Axeres & Cyaxeres were the son & sucessor of Astyages according to Xenophon. So that there were six kings before yethe of the Medes before Cyrus namely
For the reign of Babylon put the Jews upon expecting yethe p return of their captivity according to yethe prophecy so that during the seige they used this proverbe Babylon et Borsippa (another very strong place which Cyrus beseiged at yethe same time) malum signum legi. Borsippa was another city of the Chaldeans wchwhich Cyrus beseiged at yethe same time wtwith Bab. & the great strength of these Cities made the Jews use the Proverb by way of desperation.
To the RtRight HonbleHonourable the Lords CommesCommittees of his MajtsMajesty's Treasury
May it please yoryour LordpsLordships
The Petition and Bill of Mr. Thomas Birdekin late Depu Deputy Warden of his Ma.tsMajesty's Mint at Exeter referred to us by yoryour LordpsLordships order of 16 of December last and
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Add that all three were the sons of Amenophis Ammenemes or Aammon. For in the tMa Manethosthe Dynasties of Africanus taken out of Manetho in the 12t Dynasty of yethe kings of Diospolis, Gesongoses (that is Sesonchosis) is called yethe some of Ammenemes & again Sesostris is there put the successor of Ammanemes & in yethe 18th & 19th Dynastyies Sethos is put yethe successor of Ammenoph. And so in the series of yethe kings of Egypt recited by Josephus out of Manetho Sethosis is made the successor of Amenophis. A Osiris is sometimes called Iupiter & sometimes the son of Iupiterdd Diodorus l 1. c 1. that is in yethe Egyptian language Ammmon & Bacchus as you heard above Thymætes (an author Thymætes who lived but three or four generations later then Bacchus older then H)) was contemporary to Cepheus & Ma saith that Ammon was the father of Becchus was Ammon as you heard above
When Bacchus came ove into Europe he led his army to Argos but Perseus the son of Danae meeting him with his forces & beat him & slew many of his weomen (Pausan Corinth c p 155, 160.) But when the war was composed & Bacchus reconciled they paid him great honours & built a Temple to him at Argos. in wchwhich they b And in this Temple they buried Ariadna the daughter of Minos (Pausan Corinth c 23 p 164) For she lived wthwith the first Bacchus t(or his forces at sea)who led his armies into India & by being stronger at Sea took her from Theseus on the shore of the Island Dia or Naxos being more potent. (Pausan. Phocic. c. 29 p. 869.) This was the first Bacchus &whence this Island was sacred to Bacchus. Virgil Ænied l 3 v 125.
Linquimus Ortygiæ portus pelago volamus
Bacchatam jugis Naxon – Ubi Servius: Baccham &c aibbic Bacchus ex Indis, u velut quidam volunt, post devictos Gigantes triumpham egit triumphum. And as Argos honoured Bacchus wthwith a temple so Bacchus after his return into Egypt seems to have honoured Perseus with another for his valour. For in Thebais there was a Temple built to Perseus. with his statue in it (Herod l 2 )
About this Perseus by sea carried away Andromeda the daughter of
In those days Cepheus ofan Ethiopian of Thebais who reigned at Joppa a sea-port town of Palestine, & who (according to Euripiedesbb apud Apollo dorum)was the son of Belus a king of Egypt, that Belus or Iupiter whom the Egyptians called Ammon & who was the father of Egyptus & Danaus. Whence its probable that Sesostris in passing through Phenicia left him Governour of Ioppa. For he built theat cityee Stephanus in Ιόπη & reigned from the Mediterranean to the coast of Arabia upon the Red seaff Conon Narrat 40..
Pliny tells us that Sesostris met wthwith a repulse at Colchos Iam regnaverat, saith he, in Colchis — sie triumphare.Plin l 33. c 3. However Sesostris tempted perhaps by the great riches of yethe place, at length made himself master of it & left a part of his army there.
Macrobius makes the king the great God of war His words are:. Pleri Liberum cum Marte conjungunt unum Deum esse monstrantes: Vade Bacchus όνυάλιος cognominatur quod est inter propria Martis momina — Hinc etiam Liber pater bellorum poteus probatur quod eum primum ediderunt authorem triumphi. How he triumphed by Kings leading drawing his chariot you hve been told just now & Diodorus describes it more at large Although Sesostris, saith he, was eminent in many great & worthy actions yet the most stately & magnificient of all was – – – works in Egyptpp Diodor. l lc. l. c 4.. And So Lucanvr L. 10. v 276.
Venit ad Occasum mundi extrema SesostrisEt Pharios currus Regum cervicibus egit.
When Osiris undertook his expedition through the world, he left the government of Egypt under the Government of to Isis his wife & Mercury his secretary joyned with her Mercury his chsacred scribe or secretary as chief counsellour of state. Hercules his nearest kinsman a man of strong body & great courage he left general of all his
forces
In the reign of those kings Egypt being at this time divided its reasonable to beleive that those kings who reigned not at Thebes would build other cities for the seat of their newe kingdoms And This & established their kingdoms by otherother laws & this seems to be the reason why Bacchus built Memphys, & [agrees well wthwith what Diodorus further tells us of Bacchusthis King that he was the of four greatfourth Lawmakers of Egypt & made excellent a wise & prudent man who established what concerned the Kings & made prescribed exact laws for making contracts. The establishing of a new dominionkingdom in Egypt required a new lawmaker.] made new laws for his new kingdome, being, as Diodorus tells us, the fourth Lawmaker of Egypt.
Its probable that Sesostris at the same time captivated the Philistims mixed wthwith yethe Egyptian shepherds, & placed them in that part of Cappadocia wchwhich lay next Colchos
When Sesostris invade seatedplaced Cepheus in Ioppa & made him king over the country of yethe Philistims, it's probable that he captivated the Philistims then intermixed wthwith& incorperated with the Shepherds his cai who had lately been expelledthe old enemy of Egypt & placed them in that part of Cappadocia wchwhich lies next Colchos. Fore there there BochartGeogr. l. 4. c. 32. finds Caphtor & the Caphtoriai a people who came wthwith xoriginally out of Egypt Gen 10 14 & & from who who were Philistims& was were captivated & had led thither into Captivity & afterwards returned back from captivity into their own land Have not I returned from captivity into yethe land of the Philistims. Have not I brought up Israel out of the land of Egypt & the Philistims from Caphtor & the Syrians from Kir Amos 9.7 The Lord will spoile the Philistims the remnant of the country of Caphtor. Jer. 47.4.
How heSesostris used to triumph in chariot drawn by Kings you have heard already, & Diodorus thus describes it more at large –
Hence the ancients reputed this king the greatest God of war
He spent two years in India going as far as the river Ganges & returned back the third year & thence it came to pass that they celebrated his festivals every other year
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The first men would be apt to reccon by days & nights mew moons & full moons winters & summers & thence came the Lunisolar year [Ats by endeavouring to bring these revolutions to a recconing theyseverall nations would various rules invent variousseveral forms of such years such as was as by putting making them months of 29 & days alternately & yethe years of ] And because th finding that the Moon continued 30 days & sometimes a day less & that the year conteined 12 months & Moons & sometime a moon more they would be apt to reccon in round numbers 30 days to a month & 12 months to a year as oft as they had occasion to discourse of times past or to come. And thence came the division of yethe Zodiac into 12 signes & of a signe into 30 degrees, & & every circle into & of every circle into 360 wchwhich made 360 degrees in the circle. [At length by endeavouring to find out rules by w wchwhich they might knowbring their civil year to a just recconing so that might know when the new Moons & seasons of yethe year would return, several nations would be apt to form several sortsmodes forms of Lunisolar years, wchwhich might hold exact enough f & leave it to the discretion of their Priests to correct the errors of yethe pleform by adding or taking away a day or two or a month at yethe end of yethe year or at yethe end of some certain number of years. So yethe some it of of the Greeks seem to put yethe have recconed firstanciently by months of 30 & 29 days alternately & by years of 12 & 13 months alternately & at yethe end of every two or four or eight years to have e [corrected this years by the heavens by adding sometimes a day or two to yethe end of it & by omitting the 13th month as often aif yethe heavens required.] examined this their artificial year by the heavens & corrected it if they saw reason. And at length they brought the rule of their year to greater exactness to as to forbear those arbitrary reccon by it continually without any more arbitrary corrections, thereby And this& thereby they> laid a foundation to Astronomy: For till this was donedone there was no keeping of a recconing of the distances of time between Observations.] And this seems to be the oldest Kalendar year & yethe ground of dividing a circle into 360 degrees. So Moses & & 1260 days.
By this Kalendar the first ages would be apt to reccon as oft as they had seems might speak of times past or to come but when they applied it to timesBut in applying this Kalendar of the Lunisolar year to civil uses it is not to be understood that the first ages presently laid aside their observations of the revolutions of the Sun & Moon & seasons of the year & trusted to ther KalendaKalendar alone but rather that they corrected their Kalendar by the heavens from time to time, present for civil uses they corrected it perpetually by the heavens visible revolutions of yethe Sun & Moon & returne of yethe seasons of yethe years, adding a month to yethe year & subducting a day fromomitting the last day of yethe month as oft as yethe visible course of the Sun & Moon required. So Herodotus (in the name of Solon,) after he had recconed by yethe year of 360 days corrects yethe recconing by adding a month to every other year but forgets to& should have corrected it further by taking a day from every other month. But thse corrections being frequentof this Kalendar being too by the heavens being frequent & troublesome the nations at length contrived other Kalendars wchwhich agreed better with the heavens so as to need correction but once at yethe end of theevery year, or but once at the end of every two or four or eight or twelve or sixteen years. Such wasere yethe Kalendars of Romethe Latins till the days of Julius Casar & the Kalendars of the Greeks till the days of Cleostratus & Harpalus. So Censorinus: Alium Ferentini &c And there so Est consuetudo Si Cicero in Vererem: est consuetudo Siculorum cæterorumque Græcorum quod suos dies mensesque corrigere volunt cum solis Lunaæque rationibus, ut nonnunquæm siquid discrept eximant unum aliqulus diem aut summum biduum ex mense quos illi exærismes dies nominant: item non nunquam uno die longiorem mensem faciunt aut biduo. And so publishing these corrections they (publishing th) were were the ocassion of celerating the new moons & New years daysAnd Censorinus: Alium Ferentini &c that they might be made public were usually accompanied with some solemnity such as were those of yethe new moons & new years days, the feast of Bacchus every
other
other year the Olympic games every fourth year & the Pythic sports every eight year. And At length the nations found out exacter Calendars & applied them to civil uses without correcting them any more by the heavens. Such were the Ægyptian Kalendar of 365 days 12 equal months & five days days in the year, the Octaeteris of Cleostratus & Harpalus among the Greeks & after that was found not exact enough, the Enncadecaeteris of Meton, & at length the Kalendar of Julius Cæsar among the Romans. And by these Kalendars a foundation was laid to Astronomy & chronology. For while the correctionit was left to the Priests to correct of the Kalendar by the heavens was left to the Priests, there could be no certain recconning kept of the times between the observations of the starrs. But so soon as standing Kalendars were introduced we find for determining their motions
The Egyptians therefore finding their old Kalendar year of 360 days too short by 5 days, &
Censorinus tells us saith: In Æypto quidem antiquissimum ferunt annum bim estrem fuisse post deinde ab Isone rege quadrimestrem factum, novissime Arminon ad tridecum [lege Amoeē Amenomen vel Amenophem ad duodecim] menses et dies quinque perduxisse. He takes a year for a cycle according to yethe old significations of the words ἐνιαυτῸς & annus & means that the Egyptians, after they had long determined their months by the observation of every new moon, formed a cycle of two months in the the endthe end of wchwhich they omitted a day & examined their recconning by the visible new moon & then they formed a cycle of four months suppose of 30 & 29 days alternately & always at yethe end of this cycle examined their recconning by the visible new moon. And thus they proceeded to form cycles larger & larger till at length finding the recconings by the Moon to be intricate they f their King Ameno Memnon formed a solar year of 365 days, by adding five days to the of old Kalendar year of 12 equal months
And in memory of this alteration of the year the Egyptians formed the fable tha – – Typhon.
Tis agreed that this alteration – – – But that the rude & ignorant shepherds should make this alteration is not likely. I had rather take Assis for the Ison of Censorius who formed the cycle of four lunary months. The golden monument of AmenophisFor the Priests of Thebes affirmed Tthat they werethe priests of Thebesmen who by the advantage of their soile applied themseves to observe the rising & setting of the stars & thereby found out exact Astronomy & the year of 365 days. Thebais apud Diodorums l. 1. p 32 d. And the golden monument of Amenophis by dividing the Zodiac into 365 degrees representing so many days shews that he imployed the Priests & had the honour of the invention
Joseph interprets seven kine fat or lean & seven ears of corn to signify seven Egyptian years, a far kine being put for a plentiful year of grain & an ear of corn for a year of corn a harvest, as in yethe Poet; Post septem aristas. Whence the years of the Egyptians answered then to the number of harvests & their months kept to the same seasons of the year. And so did the months wchwhich the Israelites brought out of Egypt. For the firstfirst month Abib had its name from an ear of corn because in this month the corn began to be in yethe ear. In the feast of this month they offered the first fruits of yethe corn. From that time they counted seven weeks & then offeredkept the feast of the harvest & in the seventh month after they had gathered their corn & wine & fruit they kept the feast of ingathering in the seventh month Exod 23.16 Levit 23.15,39. Deut 9.13. Their months began on the new moons Psal 81.3 Num 10.10 & 28.11 & therefore their years were Lunisolar for such years they use to this day. And tho Solomon had twelve Officers wchwhich provided victuals every man his month in the year 1 King 4.7 & David had twelve captains wchwhich came in & went out month by month throughout all the months of yethe year 1 Chron 27, yet it is not said that the turn of every officer & captain fell always upon the same month. Their year had two beginnings the one in spring with the month Abib or Nisan according to yetheby the institution of Moses & the other in autumn with the month Ethanim according to their old recconing which they brought out of Egypt. And no doubt they used the year of the Egyptians while they were in bondage under them, & therefore the old Egyptian
year
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year was Lunisolar & began in Autumn. And whilst Moses appointed that every New monthe beginning of every month should be celebrated with the blowing of Trumpets & sacrifices, this publication shews that they determined the first day of every month by the visible appearence of the new Moon for this practice continued till the burning of the second Temple & by consequence that the in the time of Moses the Egyptians did so too without depending on the any cycle an Kalendar or Cycle. The Cycles therefore above mentioned & much more yethe year of 365 days were of a later date then the age of Moses.
All nations affected to begin their year at one of the Equinoxes or Solstices. & wo d And since the Egyptians & The Greeks affected& Latines chose the soltices: the Jews & Chaldeans Arabians & Egyptians the sol Equinoxes. If the Egyptian year of 365 at its first institution began at the at its in autumn as their old Lunisolar year di, it was an hundred years older then Moses, if at the rising of the dDog star (as some think) it was 300 years older then Sesac & on this ground Syncellus seems to ascribe it to the sheepherds. But if at first it the founder of this year translated the beginning thereof from autumn to spring as Moses did the beginning of his year, from & as the some Greek nations upon making new cycles cycles translated the beginning of their years from winter to summer, then is this year just as old as Amenophes. For this Egyptian year was yethe very same with thatthe year of Nabonassar & therefore in the first year of Nabonassar began upon the 26t day of Ianuary, & in the year of the Iulian Period 38173829 (& for three years after) began on the fourthfirst of April wchwhich was then the day of the vernal Equinox according to the Sun's mean motion (his equation being not yet found) & that year of the Iulian Period was 5062 years after the overthrow of the Ethiopians by Asa, wchwhich I reccon within the compass of the reignlife time of Amenophes. For his exile in Ethiopia & warrs in Asia & reign at Susa & ensuing works in Egypt make him long lived after that victory. Damis saith that he died in Æthiopia (so he calls Thebais) after he had reigned five geneations, & its probable that he minded not Astronomy till after his wars & return from Susa. So then the Epocha of this Egyptian year fastens the invention upon Amenopheis.
See Marsham p. 658, 659.
But in applying this Kalendar to civil uses it is not to be supposed that the first ages presently laid aside their recconning by the visible revolutions of the sun & moon & seasons of yethe year & trusted to their Kalendar alone, but rather that they corrected their Calendar by the heavens add
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the usual recconing. And the Cecrops & the other 8 kings of Athens wchwhich preceded Theseusthe 10 first kings of Athens from Cecrops to Theseus inclusively will take up 180200 years wchwhich is 152 years moreless then yethe usuall recconing.
And again The GreeksEuropeans have also raised their originals sometimes by making collateral kings successive & sometimes by dividing one king into two. So they make two Minoses & two so of one Minos th& one Cecrops & one Erictheus or Ericthonius & one Pandion they make two. & Minos the father of Androgeus Deucalion & Ariadne & Phædra & they make the grandson of Minos the son of Europafeigning a king between them; whereas Th Homer & the other oldest Greeks before who wrote before Diodorus siculus, knew but of one Minos, & the genealogies of those times allow but of one. For Ino the daughter of Cadmus was the stepmother of Phryxus & Helle & Phryxus was at Colchos in the time of Argonautic expedition & therefore that expedition was in yethe second generation from Cadmus. Certainly not later then ytthat generation because Eclion the husband of Agave yethe daughter of Cadmus was in that Expedition. Again Sarpedon the son of Evander the son of Sarpedon the brother of Minos & son of Asterius & Europa the sister of Cadmus was at the warr of Troy & Phlias the son of Bacchus the son of Semele the son of Cadmus was at one of the Argonautes & Bach A& therefore that warr was in the third generation from Europa Idomeneus & Meriones the sons of Deucalion the son of Minos wasere at the warr of Troy & so was Demophoon the Son of Phædra the daughter of Minos. & Phlias the son of Bacchus the son of Semele the daughter of Cadmus was contemporary to the children of the samewas one of the Argonauts & Bacchus took Ariadne the daughter of Minos from Theseus & had several children by her & therefore was contemporary to & DeucTheseus one of the Argonauts & to Deucalion Ph Ariadne & Phædra the children of Minos. were So that theBy all which the grandchildren of Minos & the war of Troy. wasere in the third generation from Europa or about 100 years later then the coming of Cadmus into Europe Greece & the children of Minos & Argonautic expedition were in the second generation & thein the generation first generation (the generation between Europa & the said Children of Minos) between them & Europa there remains room but for one Minos.
For ething the rectifying the chronology of these times I will suppose therefore; that yethe Argonautic expedition was almost two generations or about 60 years later then then yethe coming of Cadmus into Europe Greece & & the destruction of Troy about 30 years later then that expedition.
2 That the expedition of Sesostris was ancienter then the warr of Troy: For this was the universal opinion of the first ages antiquity. They accounted Memnon w that warr contemporary to Memnon or Amenophes one of the successors of Sesostris. Dares Prygius writes that Memnon was at sent forces to to assist the Greeks Trojans & this might be true because Hellen was then in Egypt & that those forces came to & there seated themselves wthwithout going to Troy, all wchwhich might be true because Hellena was then in Egypt in the custody of Pots others feign that Memnon was slain at Troy came to yethe assistance of yethe Trojans & was slain at Troy: for wchwhich fiction there could be no other colour were if Memnon had not lived in that age. All Hesiod who lived nearest those times makes Memnon to be yethe son of T Tithonus the father of Priam & therefore he was contemporary to sons of Priam who flourished in the time of that warr. All agree that Tithonus was exceeding hansome & went to Ethiopia & the so a warrior into Ethiopia & above Egypt (for so they called Thebais) & there they say he begat Memnon of Aurora. The truth is that when Sesostris returned back from Thrace & Asia minor into Egypt he carried back with him a very great multitude of captives & amongst others Tithonus a hansvery beautiful youth of yethe royal family of yethe Trojans & that Tithonus thence forward lived in the Court of Egypt & served in their warrs. Whence I gather that ththis expetionexpedition of Sesostris a t was in the reign of Laomedon the father of Tithonus & Priam, ab about 10 or 20 or at most 30 years before the Argonautic expedition.
3 I suppose with Iosephus that Sesostris, was SesacSethosis Sesosis sesonchis Se Seosorsi Sethosis or Sesochis as he is variously called is Se that Sesach who with a vast army invaded Iudea in the days of Rehoboam. For their names and actions agree well enough & there is no other king of Egypt mentioned in scripture who can be Sesostris. Its true that Seso yethe ati yethe scripture mentions not the warrs of Sesac in Syria & Asia & Thrace but but that is no objection because the sacred history never takes notice of affairs forrein to the story of the Israelites. So far as the story of Sesach concerned the Iews so far its mentioned in scripture.
243. 349. 384. 370.
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4 I supposeconclude therefore that Europ Danaus came into Greence in the 14th year pf Rehoboam. For Sesac came out of Egypt in the 5 year of Rehoboam & warred 9 years & upon his return into Egypt his brother Danaus also had fled from him into Greece For Maneth according to Manetho.
5 I conclude also that the Cadmus came into Greece about the beginning of Solomons reign. For
5 If we reccon about two generations from yethe coming of Cadmus into Europeor aboutabout 66 years from the rapture of Europa & deduct about 15 yearsunto yethe Argonautic Expedition & place the expeditionreturn of of Sa Sesac into Egypt & captivity of Tithonus about 15 years before that expedition the rapture of Europa & coming of Cadmus into Greece will fall upon the beginning of the reign of Solomon. And so it did according to the Phœnician records, Lo wchwhich are principally to be relied on. For they had letters in those days & kept a register of the reigns of theyears & actions of their kings wchwhich the Greeks did not. & For And Theodotus Hypsicrates & Mochus three very old Phœnician historians cited by Tatian (asbb Præp. Evang l 10. c 11. Eusebius mentions) did all of them in their Histories deliver that under one certain king happened the rapture of Europa the the voyage of Menelaus into Phœnicia & the league & friendship between Iram & Solomon did when Solomon when HIram gave his daughter to Solomon & supplied him with plenty of tTimber for building the Temple. happened under one certain king. And to yethe same purpose wrote Mænander of Pergamus & Lætus. The rapture of Europa be affecting the Phœnicians & the popyvoyage of Menalaus being of consequence to thepm its probable that they endtred that n t only the first in the records of their nation & conjectured the second to follow so soon after that they might both be recconned within the compass of yethe reign of one king. The conjoyning these things with the legague between Solomon & Hiram fixes the entry upon that time and therefore that is the rapture of Europa upon the 3d or 4th year of Solomon. At th time therefore letters werecame first into Europe, & the Europeans have no history above two or three generations anceienter.
6 Herodotus tells us that yethe rapture of Europa was in revenge of the rapture of Io the daughter of Inachus & therefore yethe rapture of Io & reign of& her brother Phoroneus were Phoroneus was scarce older then the reign of David contemporary to David.
7 Cecrops Erectheus & Ceres wasere contemporary to Bacchus the grandson of Cadmus for by him she had or not above one generation older. For Iasion the brother Harmonia begat Plutus of Ceres & therefore Harmonia & Ceres were contemporary & Erectheus was the first that br followed Cecrops with corn out of Egypt & Ceres taught the Greeks to sow it, & therefore Erectheus was contemporary to Ceres & so was Cecrops or not much older. And three fo years after the Elusinia Sacra were instituted in honour to Ceres, Boreas a Thracioan stole EOrithyia the daughter of Erectheus & begat of her Calais & Zete two Argonauts. And the Trojan warr was in the 4th or 5t generation from Erectheus
7 Cecrops Erectheus & Ceres came into Greece about the latter end of the reign of David For Calais & Zete yethe sons of Orithyaia the daughter of Erechteus were Argonauts & Theseus the son of Ægeus the son of Pandion the son of Erectheus was contemporary to yethe Argonauts & so was Dædalus the son of Metionon the son of Eupalamus the son of Erectheus & the 50 daughters of Thespis the son of Erectheus were got with child by Hercules an Argonaute & Demophoon the Son of Theseus was at yethe Trojan warr, & so was Menestheus the son of Peteos the son of Orneos the son of Erectheus & E therefore Erectheus was three generations or 3 1/2 before the Trojan warr & two or 2 1/2 before the Argonautic Expedition & by consequence contemporary to Cadmus or not above 10 or 20 years older & Cecrops was thei brother or father & of Erectheus & Ceres taught the Greeks to sow the corn wchwhich Erectheus brought out of Egypt for the colony of Cecrops & had Plutus
by
by Iasion the brother of Harmonia, & in mmemaory of their teaching the sowing & use of corn she had the Elusiania sacra instituted to her three years before Boreas & Thacian stole Orithyia the daughter of Erectheus
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Pag. 25. lin. ult. ☉ He conquered Libya all Libya as far as the lesser Syrtes as was said above] & then came back upon the coast of Europe as far as with the Oxen of Gerion by Italy & Sicily t to Libya.
Venit ad occasum mundique extrema Sesostris.
From him him all Libya was anciently called Ammonia. After his death the Egyptians
the Temples erected to him at Thebes – – – sit Iupiter Ammon
The ancient Eg In his days – – invented upon the red sea.
The ancient Egyptians – – before the reign of Amenophis.
When the Edomites – – – Edomites upon the red sea.
Sesac the son & sucessor of Ammon – – their king. Under his father he invaded Libya & fought the Africans with clubs, & thence is painted with a club in his hand – – Afri et Ægypti primum fustibus dimicorunt, postea Belus LibyaNaptunia filis gladis belligeraœtus est Iunde bellum dictum, Hygin. Fab, 276. After tge conquest of Libya he went on westward upon the coast of Afric in round vessels of burden to search those countries as far as to the mouth of the straits & the island Atlantic Ocean & island Erythra or Gades in Spain (as Macrobius informs us from Panyasis & Phereides,)[a Saturnal. l. 5. c. 21 & there he conquered Gerion, & at the mouth of the straits set up the famous pillars
Venit ad occasam mundique extreme Sesostris.Lucan, l. 1.
Then he returned through Spain & the southern coasts of France & Italy with the cattel of Gerion,(his fleet attending him by sea,) & left in Sicily a body the Sicatri a people wchwhich he had brought from Spain, & from them that Island was called Sicania. For it was his custome to grant new seats to his captives after they had served him in his wars. After these thisHitherto the Egyptians used round vessels of burden in the Mediterran whence Hercules was painted sailing in a cup: but after these things they built a as the Egyptians built a fleet of long ships with sails in theose Mediterraneanseas on the coast of Libya where there were convenient Ports & timber for shipping, I think at Is oin LibyaCyrene at Irasa the city of Antaus. For Antaus in the days of Sesostris governed Libya & commanded that fleet, in the days of Sesostris.
In the mean time Sesostris conquered Troglodiytica being hitherto very young & thereby secured his fleet on the red sea. Then he subdued the Ethiopians, & invaded Arabia felix & se by the help of his fleet invaded Arabia Felix & serched the sea coasts of India, & in the fift year of Rehoboam he came out of Egypt with a great army – – –
Pag. 4. lin. 12
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Among the Egyptians Cæus or Uranus was I Ammon, among the Cretans he was the father of Saturn
In the theologyMythology of the Cretans, Saturn2 expelled & castrated his father Cœlus, & Iupiter did the like to his father Saturn: in theology the Mythology of the Egyptians Cœlus or Uranus was the was the same God with Iupiter [Ammon] [Which diversity I suspect to have arisen from by changing two names of one & the same God into two Gods] or Iupiter Uranius, that us, with Ammon
In the Mythology of the Egyptians Cœlus, Uranus, Iupiter Uranius & Iupiter Ammon were one & the same God: but in that of the Cretans Iupit Cœlus was expelled the grandfather of Iupiter, & was expelled & castrated by his son Saturn as Saturn was by his son Iupiter.
Among the Egyptians Uranus & Titæa were the same Gods with Ammon & Rhea or Iupiter & Iuno; & Iapetus or Neptune were th & the Titans were their children. But among the Cretans Cœlus & Terra, were the parents of Iupiter Saturn & Rhea, Hyperion & Thia, Iapetus & the Titans: & Saturn & Rhea were the parents of Iupiter & Iuno, Pluto & Neptune., And Cœlus was expelled his kingdom & castrated by his son Saturn as Saturn was by his son Iupiter: which fable hath no place in the Mythology of Egypt. And this seems to have come to pass by accommodating the names of the Egyptians Gods to the kings & princes of Crete, & adding to them the Saturn of the Latines
The mythology of the Cretans differed a littlein some things from that of Egypt & Libya. For in the Cretan mythology, Cœlus & Terra (or (Uranus & Titæa) were the parents of Saturn & Rhea, & Saturn & Rhea were the parents of Iupiter & Iuno, Neptune & Pluto.✝15. l. 29. And Cœlus was expelled his kingdom & castrated by his son Saturn as Saturn was by his son Iupiter: wchwhich fable faith no place in the mythology of Egypt.✝ And Hpyerion & that were& the Titans were one generation older then Iupiter & Iuno.
Talus the son of Minos. The Pelasgus a native of Greece according to Hesiod. The Palæsgi the first inhabitants of Greece.
And therefore Argus was born in the beginning of the reign of Iupiter. But whether this Iupiter was Minos or Asterius I leave to be examined.
Amaris in Ægypt & then☉ to Cyprus & tohen visited Thales of Miletus & soon after his return to Athens Penander began to set up for the tyranny over that city, which made Solon travel a second time. And now he was invited by Crœsus to Sardes [& thence he went into Cilicia & soon after died in his travels in the second year of Pisistratus his government] & Crœsus before Solon visited him had subdued all Asia minor as far as the river Halis. & therefore he recieived that visit towards the latter end of his reign, & we cannot err much if we place it about the eleventh year thereof, Ann. 1, Olymp. 58, & the legislature of Solon about twelve years earlier, Ann. 1. Olymp. 55. & ytthat of Draco about 15 or 20 years earlier then that of Solon.‡ When Solon left Sardes he went into Cilicia & soon after died in his travels in the second year of Pisistratus his government. Comias was Archon when Solon returned from his
Argus was the father of Criasus Pirasus or Peranthus [the father of Callityia the first Priestess of Iuno Argiva] & was succeeded by him, [& Piranthus was the father of Callithyia the first priestess of Iuno Argiva &as above.] Argus was also the father or Phorbas: but Phorbas & his son Triopas fled from Argos to the island Rhodes. And Agenor (by some reputed the son of Triopas) invaded Argos with a great force of horse & was succeeddsucceeded by his son Crotopus & grandson Sthenelus & great grandson Gelano
– son & successor of Genanor / Sthenelus & his father Colopus were kings of Argos after I do not reccon Phorbas & his son Triopas among the kings of Argos becaus they fled from thence to the island Rhodes. / And some of them (as Athothes or Thoth the secretary of Osiris, Proteus & his son Telegonus the son of Proteus. Tosorthrus or Æsculapius a physitian who invented building with square stones), Thuor or Polybus the husband of Alcandra) were only Princes of Egypt.
This recconing is founded upon a supposition that the Chronology of the Greeks began to be exact about the sixt year of Xerxes: but I had rather suppose that it began to be exact a little earlier.
— the reigns of their kings be one with another being generally too long for the coarse of nature.
If you had rather follow Herodotus, he being much the older author, the return of the Heraclides will be ten years earlierolder by half a reign, that is, 44 years beforeolder earlier than the first Olympiad, or perhapsAnd it may fall a litte older by the following recconing. Ananandrides – – – [275 years] about 326 years before the first Olympiad.
– by puttin equaling the reigns of kings to generations.
Some of the Greeks called the times before the reign of Ogyges unknown because they had no history of them, those between his flood & the beginning of the Olympiads fabulous because their history was much mixed wthwith poetical fables, & those after the beginning of the Olympiads historical because their history was free from fables. The fabulous also wanted a good Chron. But although these last times of the Olympiads were more historical then the former yet they were ed a true state of de into one ingwanted a good Chronology for the first 60 or 70 Olympiads Chronology [for aboutthe first300 years after the first g For ]next after the beginning of the Olympiads
For the Europeans had no Chronology be
The first Gods of the Cretans were Cælus & Tellus, & their childrensonschildren were Cœus, Hyperion, Crius, Iapetus, & Saturn, & daughters Tethys, Rhea, Themis, Mnemosyne Phœbe Dione, Thia. &c. Saturn expelled his father & Rhea begat Vesta, Ceres, Iuno, PLuto Neptune & Iupiter. As Iupiter in like manner expelled his father Saturn, & of Rhea begot Iuno begot.
Among the Egyptians & the Titans Uranus & Titæa were the same Gods with Ammon & Rhea or Iupiter but & Iuno: & Iapetus Neptune & the Titans were their children: but among the Cretans Cœlus & Tellus were the parents of Saturn & Rhea, Hyperion & Thia, & Iapetus & Saturn & Rhea were the parents of Iupiter & Iuno: Pluto & Neptune & Cœlus was expelled his kingdom & castrated by Satur his son Saturn as Saturn was by his son Iupiter. / – & some of them inhabiting Samothrace introduced the sacred ritesmysteries of the Cabiri, & others consulting the Oracle of Dodona were the ringleaders in bringing in the worship of forreign Gods into Greece, as Herodotus affirms l. 2. c. 51.
And in those countries builted temples to his father Ammon, & set up his worship.
And in those countries set up columns with inscriptions & temples to the Egyptian Gods. | Strabo l 16. p. 769.
And thence it came to pass that Iupiter Ammon was worshipped in Æthiopia & Arabians far as India, according the Poet
Quamvis Æthiopum populis Arabumque beatis gentibus atque Indis
Gentibus atque Inis unus sit Iupiter Ammon.
The Arabians had only two Gods [Cœlus or Uranus & Dionysus or Bacchus that is, Ammon & Sesac.
The Arabians had only two Gods & one of them was Iupiter Ammon whom they worshipped under the name of Cœlus or Uranus
The Arabians worshipped also his son Sesostris under the name of Bacchus as above: & these two And after these conquests Sesostris came out in the fift year of Rehoboam – – – – – ad planiciem devolvit
And on account of all these conquests the wasArabians worshipped also by the Arabianshim also as a God by the name of Bacchus, as above. aAnd these two, Cœlus & Bacchus or Ammon & Ses were all the Gods of the Arabians.
Armesses Miamun pater Amenophis qui pater Sethosis pag 371.
Defuncto Solomone Rehoboam regnavit filius 41 annorum in regnando p. 403.
Olim Thebæ Ægyptus vocabatur p. 417.
When Cadmus came first into Europe he left his brother Thasus Thasus in the Island Thasus & there the Pheniciæns built a temple to Hercules not to the son of Alcmena but to an elder Hercules by Cicero called Hercules 3us ex Idæis Dactylis eui inferias inferunt. Cadmus landed also in Samothrace & there married Harmonia the sister of Iasion & after the death of Ceris the mistress of Iasion the Pheniciæns instituted mysteries there to the Dijeabyn of whom she was chief She was deified also in Attica with mysteries & a Temple & succession of Priests. And Corybas the son of Iasion after the death of his father going into Phrygia instituted there the worship of Rhea & & gave the name of Corybantes to her Priests These Corybantes were a branch of the Curetes danced in armour at her sacrifices in a furious manner in memory of her e the Idæi Dactyli who attended them & deaths her s at the sacrifices of Iupiter Olympius. And otherstell as that some of the Idæi Dactyli coming from Crete into Arcadia built there a Temple to Iupiter Olympius, & in memory of his victory over his father Saturn institutedcelebrated the Olympic games.d See Pausanias l. 5. c. 7 // Thus the Phenician TPriests who came with Cadmus & Europa & spread themselves into Crete Arcadia Greece, T Thasus, Samothrace, & Phrygia, introduced the deify into those countries the dieifying of their dead. And from these beginings
☉ And Lucian tells us of an old tradition of ascribes to them also the original of dancing. They say, saith he], that first of all Rhea being first of all delighted with dancing, commanded the Corribantes in Phygia & the Curetes in PrygiaCrete to dance, & that they saved her son Iupiter by dancing about him, & that they danced in armour in a furious warlike manner, striking upon one anothers armour with their swords. Lucian de saltatione.
Cicero tells us that those in the beginning those who were called Thologi, recconed only thre Ioves the& saith that two of them were born in Arcadiæ & the third was the Cretan Iupiter Saturns son whose Sepulchure was shewn in Crete. And the Seloliast upon Callimachus – – – – & a ship on the other. And the Cretansbb D. Sic. l. 4 anciently shewed the house in Crete wherein Rhea lived. When Cadmus came first into Europe he left his brother Thasus in the Island Thasus & there the Phenicians built a Temple to Hercules not to the son of Alcmena but to an elder by Cicero called Hercules 3er Iæis digitis cum inferias efferunt. he landed also in Samothrace & there married Harmonia the sister of Iasion & left the Phenecians who were left there after the death of Iasion Ceres the mistress of Iasion, instituted the mysteriesthey instituted mysteries were there instituted to the Dij Cabiri of whom she was chief. And Corybas the son of Iasion, after thie death of his father going into Phrygia, carried thitherinstituted there the worship of Rhea, & gave the name of Corybantes to her Priests. And Lucian lets us know that this Rhea was the mother of the Cretan Iu[piter & that Europa was worshipped in the same manner with the Phenician Astarte. And others tell us that some of the Idæi Dactyli coming from Crete into Arcadia there built a Temple to Iupiter Olympius Thence it may be understood that the Temples & mysteries of Ceres & Rhea as were instituted to Ceres in Samothrace & Rhea in Phrygia & Iupiter Olympius in Arcadia & Heracles Idæus in Thasus by the friends of Cadmus Europæ & Iasion: & by consequence also by Phenician Also]piter, & that Europa was worshipped in the same manner with the Phenician Astarte & the Egyptian Isis. And others tell us that somethe Idæn Hercules & some otherssome of the Idæi Dactyli coming into from Crete into Arcadia built there a Temple to Iupiter Olympus., Whence it may be & in memory of the conflict of the O Iupiter over Saturn instituted the Olympic games.☉ From all wchwhich it may be understood that Temples & sacred mysteries were instituted to Ceres in Samothrace, to Rhea in Phrygia, to Iupiter Olympius in Crete & Arcadia, & to Hercules Idæus in Thrace by the friends of Cadmus Europa & Iasion, & particularly by the Curetes
And from these originals it came into fashion amongst the Greeks χτερίζειν parentare to celebrate
By all this it may be understood, that as the Egyptians began their kingdom with the reign of their Gods & Heros, recconning Menes the first man who reigned after them: so the Greeks had the ages of their Gods & Heros, & these ages the began when the Phenicians came & introd into Greece & introduced the deifying of dead men practice of deifying dead men kings & heroes. These ages they recconed to be four, the calling them the golden, silver, brazen & iron ages. Hesiod
l 4. c. 1 Diodorus tells us that the first woman with whom Iupiter lay while he conversed among mortals was Nibe the daughter of Phoroneus & the last was Alcmena, & thereforetherefore the golden age is to be placed between these two periods.
318 175
Ne The Eg Egyptians anciently boasted of a very great & ancient& lasting Monarchy under their kings Ammon, Osiris, Bacchus, Sesostris, Hercules the Memnon &c reaching eastward as far as India & westward to the Atlantic ocean, & out of vanity have made this Monarchy some thousands of years older then the world. But b Let us now try to settle the affairs wchwhich rectify the Chronology of Egypt by comparing the affairs of the Egyptians with the synchronizing affairs of the Greeks & other nations.
Bacchus
Pausanias (l. 5. c. 7) tells us that the people of Elis who were best skilled in antiquities related this to have been the original of the Olympic games: that Saturn reigned first & had a temple built to him in Olympia by the men of the golden age. Then Iu And when Iupiter was newly born his mother Rhea recommended him to the care of the Idæi Dactyli who were also called Curetes. Afterwards [they came from Ida a mountain in Crete [into Elis] five of them viztvidelicet called Hercules Pæoneus, Epionedes, Iasus & Ida came from Ida a mountain in Crete [into Elis.] & Hercules Idæus being the eldest of them instituted the game of racing every fourth years & that the Victor should be crowned with an Olive branch, rewarded rewarded with a crown of Olive, & called these games Olympic. And some said that Iupiter contended here with Saturn for the kingd & in memory of the victory rewarded with a crown instituted these games to Iupiter Olympius. And that Climenus yethe grandson of the Idæan Hercules about 50 years after Deucalions flood, coming from Crete, restored celebrated these games in Olympia & erected an altar to this Hercules & the rest of the Curetes, & reigned in Elis till he was expelled by Endymion [who thereupon proposed to his sons Pæon Epeus & Ætolius the game of racing for the kingdom & & his son Epeus overcoming gave it to the Victor Epeus.][being victor succeeded him. The Olympic games might be celebrated first by the Idæ Dactyli Hercules Idæus upon the victory of Iupiter over his father Saturn & then by Climenus upon the death of Minos. There was also a his coming to reign in the Terra Curetum, & then by Endymion upon his conquering Climenus. Vpon the death of the Cretan Iupiter a Temple Temple & an Altar wasere erected to Iupiter him in the City Olympia by yethe Curetes & from thence he the name of Iupiter Olympius. [ & another branch of the Curetes also built a Temple to his mother Rhea in Phrygia ] When Cadmus came first into Europe he left his brother Thasus in the Island Thasus
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At length the nationsancients observing that there were 3 intercalary months in 8 years or thereabouts, they formed an Octaeris or Annus magnus of eight consisting of 12 & 13 months alternatlely excepting one month in eight years so by adding a month every other year except once in eight years. For it
At length the Ancients ofbserving that there were three intercalary Montshs in eight years or thereabouts they formed an Octaeris by wchwhich they became able to keep a recconing of Lunarfrom the year of Month knew when to add the intercaly without Months without minding the Seasons of Summer & Winter or courserising & setting of the stars above once in eight years. And this Octaeris the Phœnicians seem — from Egypt. This Octaeris seems to have been composed by adding a month to every other year except once in eight years. For it appears — 99 Lunar Months. For the Months were certainly defined by the returns of yethe Moon – longer by one or two days time more exactly. And particularly af For after Thales had set on foot the study of Astronomy in Greece, several Greeks (as Cleostratus, Harpalus, Dositheus, Eudoxus) formed new Octaerises wherein besides the number & order intercalary months in eight years, they prescribed the number of days in every month. And[But these rules being in a short time found to disagree wthwith the Heavens others found out other cycles of years &more exact & particularly Meton yethe cCycle of 19 years & Calippus the cycle of 76 years. But before all All wchwhich were] being assisted therein by wh what Eudoxus learnt in Egypt by the discoveries of the Egyptians. For, saith Strabo, Eudoxus staying with Plato 13 years in Egypt learnt there of the Priests how much the year was longer then 365 days: For till then yethe year was unknown to the Greeks as were also many other things untill the later Astronomers received them from the Priests, &of Egypt as they still continue to receive new things from them & the ChaldeansStrabo l 17 p 806
Besides the irregular Lunisolar years hitherto described, the Ancients had an uniform year fit for computation wchwhich may therefore be called their Arithmetical year – known. Nor is to it to be supposed that any nation recconed in civil affairs by Months of thirty days.
By taking the round numbers of 30 days to a month & 12 months to a year the Ancients formed a year readyconvenientfit for computations wchwhich may therefore be called their Arithmetical year. For as often as
When fthe ancients were to reccon times past or to come or were to summ up the days or months in any number of years, in doing of wchwhich they could have no assistance from the Sun & Moon, they took the round numbers of 30 days to a month & 12 months to a year & thus formed a year convenient for computations wchwhich may therefore be called their Arithmetical year. And according to this way of recconing they supposed the year to consist of 360 days & divided yethe Zodiac into 12 signes & every signe into 230 parts or degres & yethe Ecliptic into 360 degres so ytthat a degree might answer to yethe suns motion in a day. And this seems to have been the original of dividing a circle into 360 degrees. But it is not to be supposed that any nation – – – wthwith the heavens.
But at length when the nations grew more curious & began to apply themselves observe yethe motions of yethe stars & examin the just length of yethe natural year & the month they soon found out rules for measuringkeeping an account of time by year month &artificial years & months without depending upon the visible returnsreturns of yethe Sun & Moon. This was done in Egypt by Sesac Mercury & Amenophes for the solar year && long after in Greece by Cleostratus Democritus Philolaus Harpalus Dositheus M Eudoxus Meton Calippus & long before in Egypt by Sesac & Amenophes& others for the Lunisolar, the Greeks learning the length of the year from the Egyptians. For, saith Strabo, — — Chaldeans. [Thales first set on foot the study of Astronomy in Greece & long after his days the Greeks continued so ignorant as to beleive that all the heavens returned to the same position at yethe end of every ight Octaeris]
The Egyptians there
The Egyptians were therefore the first who reduced the year to a certainty for For whilst by counting continually the 360 days of wchwhich the year was supposed to consist, they soon found this year too short by
For while the nations used to count only the age of the Moon & the Moons in the year & begin & upon yethe appearance of every new Moon to begin a new recconing, they counted the Egyptians contrived by the solemnity of the Milk Bowles to count all the 360 days of wchwhich the year was reputed to consist & therebyby repeating the recconing soon found this reputed year too short by at l about 5 days. This ceremony
And even the year it self points at him for the author. The eastern na The Greeks & Romans be It was usual for the nations to begin their year with one of the four cardinal seasons. The Greeks & Latins began it at the end winter & some of them at mid at one of the solstices & the eastern nations (so far as we have any acctaccount of their years) it on of the Eq in spring or autumn. For the old year of the Arabians & that of the Syrians of Antioch & that of the nations wchwhich Salmonasser planted in Samaria began in spring, & the year wchwhich Moses brought out of Egypt began in Autumn & was translated by Moses to yethe spring. If the Egyptian year Amenophes the Egyptian year of 365 days began at first in Autumn as began at first in Autumn as did their old year didlunisolar year, it was an hundred year older then Moses; or if as some it begatn at yethe rising of the Dog star as some think it was 300 years older then Sesack, & on this ground Syncellus seems to ascribe it to the Shepherds; but if the Author of this new year made to distinguish it from the old year began it in Spring as Moses did his year in opposition to yethe new year to distinguish it from ythe year of Egypt, then it is just as old as the reign of Amenopheis.
Osiris to carried with him his son Orus whom yethe Greeks call Apollo. & who ein his expeditionwas accompanied wthwithOsiris went through the world with very little use of arms, using rather music & verses by wchwhich he softened perswaded entices & instructed the nations. Plutarch in Iside. For he loved mirth & jolloyty & took great pleasure in musick & dancing & carried along wthwith him a train of musitians of whom nine were virgins & excellent singers & expert in other th& expert in other things (whom the Greeks called Muses) of whom Apollo was captain, (who accompanied hi Osiris in his expedition) thence called Μὄσηγέτης, & the Satyrs, that is men who are skilled in dancing or natuely inclined to skipping dancing & singing & other sorts of mirth, were taken in ag as part of his army under the command of Pan. He built Nysa in India & planted ivy there In Thrace he gave the kthe only place in India where Ivy grew Diodorus l. 1. c. 2. When he had killed Lycurgus king of a region in Thrace he gave the kingdom to Tharops the grandfather of Orpheus who had saved his life Diodor l. 3. c. 4 & one of the nine singsters he gave tohe married to Oeagrus yethe son of Tharops. For For Orpheus was the son of Oeagrus & Calliope one of yethe Muses. And thence it came to pass that Orpheus Orpheus became so well skilled on the Harp & travelled into Egypt being an Egyptian by the mothers side & that hethat he brought
with
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him out of Egypt the Orgia of Bacchus & propagated thiese of relig those mysteries in Greece in honour of Osiris the benefactor of his family. For Orpheus brought into For Osiris is the great Bacchus of the east Greece most of yethe religious rites & ceremonies both as to yethe celebration of the religious Orgia & as to the fablestoryfable of Charon & Styx & Hadesthe river of Hell & the Elisian feilds. For For the ceremonies & rites of Osiris agree in every thing wthwith those of Bacchus, & those of Isis & Ceres are the same difering only in name. Diodor. l. 1. c. 7. for The Egyptians dedicater sasSdstrisSesostris is therefore the great Bacchus of the east. For this Bacchus who with his Ivy to Osiris as other nations did to Bacchus & called it Osiris's plant & & they are bot & account Osiris & Bacchus & they are generally taken for the same God. Diodor l. 1. c. 1, 7 & l 3. c 4. Herod in Euterpe &c)
Sesostris is therefore the great Bacchus of the East who with his armies Diodorus tells us that Osiris was the son of IupiterI king of Egypt whom they call Hammon lt — Proserpina. Arrian. l. 2. p. 43
— Thymætes the son of Thymætes the son of Lycurgus Laomedon who lived in the time of Orpheus wrote a pPoesy called Phrygia of yethe actions of Bacchchus in very old language & character & saith that Ammon was the father of Bacchus & Nysa his nurse & that in the war against the Titans he commanded the men & Minerva the weomen Diodor l 3. c 4. These waomen were armed with lanesdarts covered over with ivy wthwith wchwhich they sudde unexpectedly assaulted & killed the enemy who knew not the stratagem. ib. This is that Bacchus &c. – –
When Osiris undertook his expedition over the world he left Egypt the governmtgovernment of his kingdom to Isis & joynd wthwith her Mercury his sacred scribe or Secretary as chief councellour of state Hercules his near kinsman a man of great courage strong body & great courage he madeleft general of all his forces & the governmtgovernment of his territores near Phœnicia & on the sea coasts of Egypt he comitted to Busiris & that of Libya Ethiopia & Libya to Antæus Diodor l. 1. c. 1. This is that Hercules who often ds slew Antæus & entring the sea prosecuted his victries westward to yethe mouth of yethe Mediterranean where he set up columns as Sesostris had done before used to do h the east in memory of his conquestsButHe seems to be the same man with Atlas yethe Egyptian Astronomer & by his dominion over Ethiopia & Libya to have given his name to yethe mountain Atlas & to yethe Atlantic Ocean. For the Ocean round all Afric from Europe to yethe Indies was anciently called Atlantic & Antæus & Atlas both reigned over Mauritania & both were slain by Hercules The fleet Osiris left under yethe command of Neptune. For – – – – When the Egyptians first set out a fleet for Neptune (the brother of Iupiter & Pluto) was the first ytthat used Navigation & rigged out a navy & was appointed Admiral by his father Saturn the brother of Hyperionfor wchwhich reason he has been ever since been honoured as lord of yethe seas & governour of yethe seas. Diodor. l. 5. c. 4. Andtæus afterwards After the death of Osiris Antæus revolted revolted invaded Egypt & was slain by Hercules who entring the sea prosecuted his victories westward to to yethe mouth of yethe Mediterranean where he set up pillars as Osiris had done before in the east.Then Isis & Mercury celebrated the funerals of OsirisAfter the death of Osiris his funerals were celebrated by Isis & Mercury wthwithBut Isis & Mercury celebrated the funerals of Osiris with sacrifices sacrifices & divine honours – – – Phoromeus & Io.
Antæus seems to be the same man wthwith Atlas yethe AstromerAstronomer the grandfather of Mercury & brother of Osiris. bBoth were Egyptians, both reigned over Mauritania & both were slain by Hercules, & Atlas & both reigned over Mauritania & Æthiopia. For Atlas gave his from yethe reignDomion of Atlas not only the mountain Atlas & the Atlantii inhabitum & near it had their names but also the all AEthopia was anciently called Atlantia (Plin l 6. c 30) & the Ocean round all Afric from Europe to the Indies was antiently called the Atlantic sea. Whence also And while the Sea was called by his name he seems to be Neptune the God of yethe sea. For Neptune was an African God & the name an Egyptian by birth being the brother of Iupiter & Pluto [& the name is taken was given him the Greeks from the sea coasts between Egypt & Africa called Nepht & therefore signifies a lonfs of territories bordering upōupon the sea.] He was the husband of Libya (Apollodor de Diis l 2) & the Egyptians his name is EgptianEgyptian signifying a lord of the sea coasts, For the countries bor outmost parts of the Earth & promontories & whatever borders upon yethe sea is by the Egyptians called Nephthys. (Plutarch in Iside) Homer (in 1. Odyss. saith of Atlas – Θαλάστης πάσης Βένθεα όιδεν. He knows all the depths of the Seas.
depths
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But [while] Proteus [reigned in Memphys he] seems rather to have been a Viceroy set over the lower Egypt then a Soveraign king of Egypt. For he is further distinguisht from the Theban kings
3 Proteus seems rather to have been a vViceroy set over the lower Egypt then a soveraign king. For he [is distinguished from the race of the Theban kings by his being]was a Memphyte of ignoble extraction & reigned there. at Memphys & is thereby distinguish from the race of the Theban kings. And And the name Proteus being a Greek word of the same signification with Adad in Syriac & Princeps in Latin or Prince in English seems to be not the proper name of a man but a title of honour. For had it been a proper name the Greeks would have retained the Egyptian word without translating it, whereas Herodotus tells us that it is the kings name in Greek that is a Greek word of the same signification with his name or title in the Egyptian language, & Diodorus tells us that this mans name was Cetes. There were severall Princes of Egypt of th called Proteus one of wchwhich came with Cadmus into Europe. And itits probable that the frequent changeing of the Person might give occasion to the Greeks to feign that he changed into all shapes Proteus put on all shapes. Some make him a Phœnician reigning Mare Pharus where Alexandria was afterwards built as Thezes Chil. 2 Hist 44
Ρ ΠρωτεὺΣ Φοινίηης Φοίνιηος παῖς ηὶ το Ποσειδῶνος,
Περὶ τιὺ Φάρον ηατοιηᾶν Τῆς νῦν Αλεανδρηίας.
And this agrees best with his being a God of the Sea.
But the Proteus of Herodotus reigned in Memphys & left a sumptuous Temple there to yethe south of the Temple of vVulcan. In this Temple – – – – after it. By this circumstance the Proteus of Herodotus reigned in the time of the Trojan war & therefore governed the lower Egypt under Amenophes or Memnon.
2 Pheron is said to be the son of Sesostris Diodorus Pliny calls him Nuncoreus & Diodorus Sesostris the second. Tis said of him that he made no warrs – successor of Sesostris or rather I suspect that he is the same king wthwith Sesostris during the last ten years of his reign, one of his names being Sesostris & another Pheron or Pharaoh yethe common name of yethe Egyptian kings, & both of them falling blind, for& Pheron fell blind Sesostris slew him in his old age fell blind & slew himself, & as Pheron for the story of Pherons recovering his sight it looks like a figment. The story is that he was admonished by the Oracle to wash his eyes wthwith the urin of a woman thatwho had known no man but her husband & tryied his own wife & many other weomen before he could meet with a cure & then married her whose urin cured him & put the rest of yethe weomen to death. If this Legend be rejected the Stories of Sesostris & Pheron agree are cons are alike Pheron might dye blind as Sesostris died & so be the same king.
1 Sesostris is said in three of the Dynasties of Manetho above recitedmentioned to have reigned 48 years In his reign there wasere great vexations upon all the inhabitants of the countries & nation was destroyed of nation & city of city for God did vex them with all adversity (2 Chron 15 5.6) but But in the reign of Asa king of Iuda the land was quiet 10 years untill Zerah the Ethiopian came came against it & in those ten years Asa built & fortified the cities of Iudah & prelared an army of 3580000 men wthwith wchwhich in the 15th year of his reign he met Zerah 2 Chron 14.1,6,8,9 & 15.10. The lands were vexed therefore untill the 5t year of Asa & then began to revolt think of revolting, so that I may place thewe that is upon the death of Sesostris up yethe 5t year of AsaAn. Iul. Pes. 3767. For Herodotus tells us that Sesostris was the only king that enjoyed the Empire. Sesostris therefore began his reign in yethe 16th or 17 year of Solomon warred till the 14th year of Rehoboam & after hthen returned into Egypt reigned there from his wars & reigned in Egypt 11 years more in wchwhich time he imployed the conquered nations in building the cities & Temples of Egypt & cutting new rivers & doing other great works & then died himself in the 5t year of Asa. Whence I gather that he was the brother of Solomons Queen. For since he conquered the warred under his father & therefore he may be recconed above 20 years old when he began to reign & so was about 7the; age of Solomons spouse & her little Sister who had no breasts Proteus seems rather
320
178
But its probable, that when the memory of the many little kingdoms of wchwhich Egypt was originally composed, began to be lost, they collected into one list the names of as many of the kings as they could meet wthwith in the archives of the great cities head cities of those kingdoms into one list & where the sam inserted into the list the names of some famous men who reigned not & repeated the names of the same kings with a litle variation till they they had a list of three hun 330 kings whom &they placed this list before Sesostris. And in honour of their Gods whereas Sesostris & his Queen & father & children & Secretary & brothers had been been deified by new names, in honour of their Gods Osiris, Isis, Ammon Orus Hibe Thoth, Neptune A &c, in honour of their Gods they placed a littlist of their names before all these kings & so made Osiris & Isis & their contemporaries 11000 years older then Sesostris & his Queen & father & brothers children & son & daughter & secretary tho & their contemporaries; & Menes who reigned next after the God, 11000 years older& built the body of the temple of & founded the city Memphis they made above 11000 years older then Amenophis who founded that samevery city & from whom it was called Menoph, & then Ramesses, Mæris, Asychis & Psammiticus who builtspent were 300 years in building the four Porticos thereof after the death of Amenophis.
And from their first king Menes to Sethon he tells us that
The Egyptians hadhad, before the days of Solon, made their antiquitiy 9000 years older then the truth, & here to make it out they reccon to Herodotus a succession of 330 kings reigning so many generations (that is 11000 years) before Sesostris who with his gradfather Amosis & father Ammon founded that monarchy. [For Egypt was at fi before their days Egypt was at first divided into many small kingdoms like all other nations; & those kingdoms by degrees grew into one Monarchy before the days of Amosis. [The head cities of some of those kingdoms were Mesir or Misraim; Pathros, Coptos, This, Thebes, & Siene Elephantus & Heliopolis. And its probable that after the particular histories of these & otherold kingdoms began to be lost, the Priests of Egypt collected the names of their ancient kings of as many of their nameskings as they could meet with & among them inserted the names of older famous men who never reigned; & of severlall names of one & the same king made several king kings, & multiplied the names by corruption or fiction untill they had comparied a list of 330 kings reigning before Sesostris. And whereas Siris or Osiris was the name by wchwhich they deified Sesostris, they divided the names of Osiris & Sesostris into two kingspersons, the God & the man, & & between them (to make the God look ancient inserted the list of yethe 330 kings. But we have not undertaken to describe the state of Egypt before it was reduced into a Monarchy. We beging begin wthwith the reigns of Misphranuthosis. Amosis & Ammon who conquered the shepherds in the lower Egypt & reduced Ægypt Troglodytica & Ammonia & part of Ethiopia into a Monarchy. We will therefore with Herodotus omit the names of those kings who did nothing memorable & consider only those whse actions are recorded. For those reduced into due order will give us all or almost all the kings of Egypt from the days of the expulsion of the sphepherds & erecting the Monarchy of Egypt downwards to the expulsion of the shepherds conquest of Egypt by Cambyses: And& we have undertaken here only to give an account of the Monarchy of Egypt.
Sesostris reigned in the age of the Gods of Egypt, being deified by the names of hercules Osiris & Bacchus as above: & therefore Menes Nitocris & Mœris are to be placed after him. Mœris is set down – – – – – Apries, Amasis, Psammiticus.
The Priests of Egypt recconed to Herodotus from Hercules Ægypyttus to Amasis 17000 years. (Herod p. 134.) & 341 generations from their first king [Menes] to Sethon priest of Vulcan in the days of Senacherib, wchwhich make 11340 years. (Ib p. 181) From Pan to Amasis 15000 years (Ib. p. 182.) After Menes the Egyptians read the names of 330 kings before Sesostris, none of wchwhich did any thing memorable except Nitocris & Mœris the last of them (Ib. p. 157.
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After the Assyrians had reigned three years over Egypt (Isa 20.3,4) they were set at liberty (I think by the death of Asserhadonthe death of Asserhadon a revolt of the western nations upon the death of Asserhadon,) & set up 12 contemporary kings over themselves who reigned 135 years & these were conquered by Psammiticus This king [died in yethe year of Nabonasser 131 & was succeeded by his son Pharaoh Nechao, & hae by his son Pharoah Hopra or Vaphres Psammis Hophra, Amasis & Psamminitus who in whose reign Cambysis conquered Egypt] built the southern Portico of the Temple of Vulcan & died in the year of Nabonassar 131.
Among the great works of the kings of Egypt were their Obelisks And Pliny (lib. 36. c. 8, 9) tells us that the first Obelisk was made by Mitres (that isthat is Miphres) who reigned in Heliopolis, & afterwards other kings in the same city made others, Sachis (that is Sesochis or Sesac) four each of 48 cubits in length, Ramises two, Smarres (that is Marrus or Moeris) one of 48, Eraphius (or Hophra) one of 48, & Nectabis (orthat is Neochabis or Greephactus) one of 80.
After these things Charles had various wars with the Saxons of Franconia Thurengia & Saxiny, the Bavarians & people of Bavarians & Suavians, the Slavonians of Silesia & Pomerania, & the Hunns & Avares Hungary Austria & Hungary till till ythe year 795 & thereby extended his dominion over all Germans from the Rhene & Danube to the Baltick sea.
After these things Charles I had great wars first with the Saxons for two yea of Franconia Thuringia & Saxony for ten years together, & then with the nations of Ba Swabia & Bavaria & the Slavonians of Siteria & Pomerania & lastly with the Hunns & Avares of Hungary &Hungary Austria till the year 796 & by these wars& Hungary & Pannonia. The warrs with the Hunns & Avares lasted eight years, & ended A.C 796. And by all these warrs Charles Charles extended his dominion over all Germany from the Rhene & Danube northward to the Baltick sea & eastward as far as the river Teys.
② Pheron is by Herodotus called the son & successor of Sesostris & so seems to be the same king with Orus, called Pharaoh or Pheron after his fathers death. Pliny calls him Nuncoreus. // Proteus might be reigned at Memphys when Alexander & Helena sailed to Egypt that is 20 years before the taking of Troy & so might be Osarsiphus. The name Proteus signifies a Prince. Contemporary to Osarsiphus was contemporary to AmenoHerodotus tells us that it was the Kings name translated into Greek. Tzetzes makes him reigne neare Phærus where Alexandria now stands ‡‡ Canon calls him an Egyptian Phrophet, that is, a Priest; & Iosephus tells us that Osarsiphus was Priest of Heliopolis. // Amenophis was in the beginning of his regnreign: Amenophis was contemporary to Osarsiphus & conquered him & then reigned over all Egypt as above, & was succeeded by his son [Ramses, Rameses Ramesses, Remplis, Ramses, or RhamRhemplis or Ramesses called by Herodotus Rhampsinitus. Others call him Ramses, Rameses Ramessis, Remsilis Rhampses.
③–beginning to Geometry. He is called also Maris, Myris, Marrus, & corruptly Ayres, Biyres, Soris, Uchereus, Lacharis, Labaris, & Thoris by changing Μ into Α, VΙ Ε ΥΧ, Λ & such like mistakes.
④Between Osimanduas & Miris (i.e. Memnon & Mœris) Diodorus places Uchoreus & says that he built Meomphiys & fortified it to admiration with a mighty rampart of Earth & a broad ditch & deep trench wchwhich was filled with the water of the Nile, & built Palaces in it & that this place was so commodiously seated that most of the Kings who reigned after him preferred it before Thebes & removed the Court thence to this place so that the magnificence of Thebes from that time began to decrease & that of Memphys to increase till Alexander king of Macedon built Alexandria. These great works savour of the Genius ofof Uchoreus & those of Mœris savour of one & the same Genius & I take them to be one & the same king. made into two by a corruption of the name.
⑤After the example of the two brick Pyramids made by Mœris, the next Kings Cheops, Cephren & Mycerinus who reigned successively after him built the three great Pyramids of Marble. Mycerinus died &c
And consider only those whose actions are recited. For those reduced into due order
① – But Mæis And The rest reduced into due order will give us all thies race of the kings of Eg. from the days of Ammon & Sesostris downwards. For [Menes, Nitocris & Mæris reigned after Sesostris:] For Sesostris being the Bacchus or reigned in the age of the Gods of Egypt being the Bacchus or Osiris of the ancients reigned in the age of the Gods of Egypt & therefore & therefore Menes, Nitocris & Mæris are to be placed after him.
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While the shepherds reigned in Egypt there is no communication mentioned in history between Egypt and other nations, but from the time of the expulsion wh there For Then it was ytthat Busiris sacrificed strangers in Egyptbut on yethe contrary strangers were sacrifi-sacrificed by the shephers. But after from the time of the expulsion of the Shepherds Egypt was opened to became accessible to Strangers & traded with them. So When Davis fled from Saul he retired twice to yethe Philistims & once to the King of Gath & Moab & hid himself in Desarts & caves being no where safe & yet fled not into Egypt but whe afterwards when David in Davids in the reign of David & Solomon the King of Edom & his servants fled from Ioab into Egypt & in Solom Ieroboam fled from Solomon into Egypt & Solomon married Pharaohs daughter & traded with Egypt for horses & linnen yardn. And In those days it was that the Phœnician Merchants began to trade into Grece & carried away Io into Egypt & on the contrary the Egyptians (Lelex, & Cecrops Erectheus Pandion Danaus Ceres & others & Pandion Ere& Danaus & Ceres) began to come first into Grece & tought the Greeks the Egyptian customes & yethe sowing of corn &, & Cadmus a Phœnician whose ancestors are reputed to have come out of Egypt came sailed thitherbrought letters into Grece from Sidon & of these Phenicians & Egyptians the Greeks learnt navigation.. So that this expulsion of the Shepherds out of Egypt seems to have occasioned a new face of things in Europe of as well as in other places. But because Chronologers place this coming of the Phœnicians & Egyptians into Greece two above 250 years earlier then I do, it will not be amiss to rectify choronology in this point before I proceed further in the story of Egypt, & for this end I made the following Observations.
First that the Europeans had no Chronology be ancienter thenso antient asancienter then the Persian Monarchy. And whatever Chronology we have now of ancienter times has been sin framed since by reasoning & conjecture. The Greeks recconed not by any Æra till the before the age of Plato. Hippias who lived in yethe 105t Olympiad first counted by yethe Olympiads & is mockedderided for it by Plato. The RomansLatins had no historian so ancient as Alexander the great & their old Records were burnt by yethe gGaules Anno Urbis 365 (Plutarch in Numa) And the Chronology of the Greeks & Latins I take to be the ancientest in Europe
The Chronologers The first Chronologers who first
All nations have been prone to make their first fathers longer be raise their antiquities & make the lives of their first fathers longer then they really were & this has been the fault of the first EropeanEuropean ChronologersEuropeans who in recconing the successions ofconjecture at the length of the reigns of theose European Kings who ancienter were ancienter then the Persian Monarchy. conjectured at yethe length of their several reigns. For they make the 12 Kings of Macedon wchwhich preceded Orestes to have reigned 405 years wchwhich is above 33 years a piece, & the seven first kings of Rome wchwhich preceded the Consuls to have reigned 2464 years wchwhich is 35 years a piece & the 1514 kings of the Latines between Æneas & Numitor or the founding of Rome to have reigned 425 years wchwhich is above 30 years a piece, & the eight first kings of Argus (Inachus, Phoroneus &c) to have reigned 371 years wchwhich is above 46 years a peice & the first ten kings of Athens (Cecrops &c) to have reigned 3521 years wchwhich is above 35 years a piece Whereas according to the ordinary course of nature kings reigne one wthwith another but about 20 years a piece. So in the canon of the En Kings of England the twenty eight kings first ten (William the Conqueror &c) reigned 260 years the next ten reigned 220 the next nine 135 635 1/2 years wchwhich is almost 22 2/3 years a piece In the race of the Kings of France the first twentysixty three Kings (Pharamund &c) reigned 3491224 years the next twenty (Carolus M &c) reigned 370456 years the next twenty (Conrade III &cLewis VIII &c) reigned 420367 years: allall thatwhich is one with another 18 19 1/2 years a piece. The 10 Kings of Persia (Cyrus &c) reigned 208 years wchwhich is about 21 years a piece. The 16 successors of Alexander in Syria (Seleucus &c) reigned 244 years wchwhich is almost 1415 years a piece.
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I suspect that theis Belus was the Bacchus of the Arabians called Belus by the Chaldeans For Eusebius tells of some us that Eucchous was the first king of the Chaldeans who called himself a king, [& names six kings more before Babylon came into the hands of the Arabians] & was not this the great Bacchus who propagated the study of Astronomy & was called Belus by the Chaldeans.
I suspect that this Belus wasHe was recconed the Progenitor of Nebuchadnezzer & might be the great Bacchus of the Arabians. For Eusabius tells us that the first first king of the Chaldeans was called EuechousAmmon this Bacchus pp set on foot the study of the starrs in his conquests & Eusebius tells us that the first king of the Chaldeans (in that monarchykingdom wchwhich stood till the da was conquered by Cyrusstood till the Æra of Nabonasser) was called Euechous. And whereas Memnon the so as the as Bacchus left Susa to his successors, so he might leave Babylon eigther to yethe same successors or to one of his Captains And the Tower might be a monument built to him by one of them in imitation of the Egyption Pyramids or perhaps in imitation of the Temple of built by him to his father Ammon at Thebes The Temple of Belus was a square of two fulongfurlongs on each & had in the middle of it a Tower solid Tower or Pyramid a furlong broad on every side & above that another above that & so upward to yethe eighth Tower, the whole being a furlong high & appearing like a Pyramid a furlong high with seven retractions. And they went up it by steps on the outside leading from the ground to the ground to yethe first retraction & from thence to yethe second retraction, & so on. And in the eighth tower was a Temple with a bed & a golden Table kept by a woman after the manner of the Egyptians in the Temple of Iupiter Am̄on in Thebes.
He was recconed the Progenitor of Nebuchadnezzar, & might be the great Belus of the Chaldeans & called Bacchus ofby the Arabians. For the first king of theat kingdom of the Chaldeans in herited bywchwhich descended to Nebuchadnezzar, is by Eusebius called Euechous. And the city is by Ieremy called Sheshac Th The study of the stars was set on foot by his father Ammon in Egypt & Libya & by himself in his conquests. MemnonAnd From him Babylon seems to have been named Sesak ( & his it [might continue subject to the kings of Egypt till the days of Memnon whose reigned over Susa dominion extended as far as Susa. The Temple of Belus was in Babylon was a square of two furlongs –] – – The He certainly conquered the countries upon TEuphrates & Tygris & beyond & the dominion of the Egyptians extended as far as Susa till the days of Memnon.
He was recconed the Progenitor of Nebuchadnezzar & might be the great Belus of the Chaldeans called Bacchus by the Arabians. For Bacchus conquered the countries upon TEuphrates & Tigris & beyond, as far as the Indies & the dominion of the Egyptians extended as far as Susa till the days of Memnon, & the first king of that kingdom of the Chaldeans wchwhich descended to Nebuchadnezzar is by Esusebius called Euechous, & the city is by Ieremey called Sesak; & this was Belus the Astronomer the study of the stars wasbeing set on foot by his father Ammon in Egypt & Libya, & by himself in his conquests; & the Temple of the Belus in Babylon (wchwhich was a square of two furlongs on each side) had in the middle of it a solid Tower a furlong broad on every side & anot a solid Pyramid a furlong broad on every side below & a furlong high with seven retractions which made it appear like eight towers standing one upon another. They went up to the top of it by steps on the outside leading from the tground to yethe first retraction & from thence to the second retraction & so on. And in the eighth Tower was a Temple with a bed & a golden Table kept by a woman after the manner of the Egyptians in the Temple of Iupiter Ammon in Thebes & on the top of this Temple they observed the starrs. The Baby Chaldeans imitated the Egyptians also in their sacred rites & mysteries & immunity of their Priests from taxes & in the form of their year beginning it on the same day with the Egyptians & composing it of the same twelve months & five days,. & on the top of the said Temple the observed the starrs From all wchwhich its probable that [[Sesac was the Belus when this Temple was built unless you had rather say that it was built to Pul the founder of the Assyrian Empire] this Temple was built either by a body of Egyptians whom Sesac left in Chaldea, or by those Egyptians who fled from Sabacon, & that either Sesak or Pul was the Belus to whom it was dedicated.
The Babylonians were extremely addicted to Sorcery Inchantments, Astrology & Divinations (Isa. XLVII.9,12,13. Dan.II.2 & V.11.)
For Babylon is sometimes called Sesac, & its first king except is by Eusebius called Euechous, & the Belus of yethe Chaldeans was the Bacchus of the Arabians. The Egyptians mentioned in heathen writers who fled from Sabacon & instituted the might built it in imitation of their Pyramids & dedicate it to Belus.
Ezek 40.2. proבונק ad astrue lege דונק e regione. v 76 dele verba et limenunum calamo uno in latitudinem. v7.7. lege. Et vestibultam inter thalamos quinque cubitis Et thalamum secundum calamo uno in latum & calamo uno in longum, Et vestibulum cubitis quinque. Et thalamum tertium calamo uno in longum et calano uno latum. v.8 lege dele
v.11 lege et latitudinem Portæ. v.14. lege viginti cubitorum. v.20 Adde Et adduxit me v.23 pro ו et lege כ sicut. v.24. lege thalamos ejus. v.32 in portam interiorem veseus orientem. v.37 pro וליאו lege ומליאו. v.44 pro דשא quæ lege דתא una v.44 proמידקק orientis lege מידדק austri. 49
Grephaetus & Bocchris reign successively at Thebes.
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Solomons Temple. The Sidonians upon the first first coming of the merchants of the red sea amongst them extended their trade as far as Greece & stole Io the daughter of Iachus & in revenge the Cretans
enemies of David & from their name of Erythræans or Edomites translated into yethe language of Palestine gave the name of Phœnicia to all the sea coasts & Palestine & that of Erythra to many other places. And by their skill in Sea affairs they enabled the Zidonians to extend their trade upon the mediterranean as far westward as to Libya & Greece, at wchwhich time they carried away Io from Argos suppose about the 14 or 15 year of David. They assisted the Philistims also in fortifying their cities, & building ships & enabled to invade & take Sidon a place convenient for sea-men. And when the Zidonians fled from the – – – – – – Europa from Zidon. The Phœnicians who came from the red sea traded first as far from Zidon as far westward as to Greece & Libya till after the Trojan war: & then the Tyrians coming also from the red sea began a new trade on the mediterranean to remoter places going as far as to the mouth of the straits & beyond; & this was in the reign of Iehoram.
P. 527. l. 21 after-year of Solomon add. And at that time Car the son of Phoroneus built a temple to Ceres in Megara.
P. 27. l. Danaus came into Greece a yeare or two after the return of his brother Sesac into Greece Egypt as above, that is about the 176th year of Rehoboam. He succeeded Gelanor the brother of Eurystheus at Argos, & Gelanor was the son & successor of Sthenelus. And Mestor Electryo & Sthenelus were the sons of Perseus & Andromeda. – thereof Abantes.
P. 27. l. 29 after of Eurydice add And Electryo And Alcmena the mother of Hercules was the daughter of Electryo the son another of the sons of Perseus & Andromeda
Acrisius & Prætus were the sons of Abas but this Abas was not the same with Abas the grandson of Ægyptus but a much older Prince who built Abas in Phocis & might be the king from whom Eubœa was anciently called Abantis & the people thereof Abantes. He came from Egypt: for Herodotus tells us that he ancestors of Acrisius were Egyptians.
Danaus came into Greece a year or two after the return of Sesac into Egypt that is about the 16th year of Rehoboam He succeed Gelanor thie brother of Eurystheus at Argos. And Gelanor was the son & successor of Sthelus nelus & Sthenelus was one of the sons of Perseus & Andromeda. And Acrisius the grandfather of Perseus was the son of Abas But this Abas was not the same with Abas the grandson of Ægyptus but a a much older Prince who built Abæ in Phereis; & might be the king from whom Eubœa was anciently called Abantis & the people thereof Abantes. In his days there were other kings at Argos: & the three first kings of Argos were Inachus & Phoroneus the son of Inachus & Argus the grandson of Phoroneus by his daughter Niobe. And from this Argus the city had its name.
Perseus was slain by Megapenthes king of Argos & one of the sons of Prætus the brother of Acrisus Hygi. Fab. 244. Sthenelus marryed Nicippe the daughter of Pelops, & by her had Earistheus king of Mycenæ
Danaus came into Greece a year ot two after the return of Sesac into Ægypt, that is, about the 16th year of Rehoboam. He succeeded Gelanor the brother of Euriystheus at Argos while Eurystheus reigned at Mycenæ. [Gelanor was the son & successor of Sthenelus who marryed Nicippe the daughter of Pelops & by her had Eurystheus] [Gelanor & Eurystheus were the sons of Sthenelus & by Nicippe the daughter of Pelops. [& Sthenelus was one of the sons of Perseus & Andromeda. Perseus killed his grandfather Acrisius by accident & thereupon changed kingdoms with Megapenthes the son of Prætus leaving his grandfat the kingdom of Acrisius at Argos to Megapenthes & succeeding Megapenthes at Tiryns Midea & Mycenæ. Acrisius & Prætus were the sons of Abas] And Mestor the brother of Sthenelus married Lycidica another of of the daughters of Pelops. And Pelops married Hippodamia the daughter of Euarete the daughter of Acrisius. In the time of the Argonautic exped.] In the time of the Argonautic expedition – – – brother of Eurydice. Gelanor & Eurystheus were the sons of Sthenelus by Nicippe the daught or Pelops. And Mestor the brother of Sthenelus married Lycidica another of the daughters of Pelops. And Pelops married Hippodamia the daughter of Euarete the daughter of Acrisius. Alcmena the mother of Hercules was the daughter of Electryo. And Sthenelus Mestor & Electryo were the brothers of Gorgophon & sons of Perseus & Andromeda. And Eurystheus the son of Sthenelus was born the same year with Hercules. And the Argonaut Æsculapius &c. — in the days of Solomon. And Acrisius the grandfather of Perseus was& Prætus were the sons of Abas. But this Abas was not the same with Abas the grandson of Ægyptus but a much earlierolder Prince who built Abæ in Phocis
Leucippus, & Anaxagoras
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When the Edomites fled from David its probable into Egypt its probableinto Egypt with their young king Hadad, its probable that they carried thither also the use of Letters. For Letters were then in use among the posterity of Abraham the who lived in Arabia Petra & bordered upon the red sea; the law being written there on Tables of Stone & in a book by Moses long before. learnFor HMoses learnt them among the Midianites, dwelling 40 years with the Prince of M who& they with the Ishmaelites were merchants as early as from the days of Jacob (Gen 37 XXXVII.28,36) & the IshmaelitesMidianites by their merchandise abounded with gold in the days of the Iudges because they were iudges Ishaelites (Iudg. VIII.24.) The Ishmaelites therefore in in those days grew rich by practising that trade upon the red sea merchandisce. And their trafic upon the red sea at length came into the hands of David & Solomon by his conquering the Edomites & gaining the Ports of that sea. And when the Edomites fled from David they might carry letters in Egypt Chaldea other places. For there's no earlier instance of Letters for writing down sounds, being in use in any other nation besides the posterity of Abraham. before those days Helladius tells us that a man called Oes – – for writing down their merchandise & keeping their accounts – – – not till the days of Nabonassar.
Their old year (like that of all other nations beforetill from the days of Noah till those days) was yethe Luni-solar year of Noah, & t consisted of twelve months each of 30 days, in all 360 days according to their Calendar, & to the end of this year they now added five days to & thereby made up the solar year of 365 days twelve months & five days or 365 days. / So then Letters & Astronomy & Architecture & Agriculture came into Chaldea by sea, & were carried thither by seamen who frequented the Persian Gulph, & came thither from time to time after all those things were invented & & practised in other countries from whence they came, & by consequence not long beforein the days of David & Solomon Ammon & Sesac. & their successors or not long before. The Chaldæans indeed made Oannes as old as older then the flood of Xicuthrus but the Egyptians made Osiris as old, & owe make them contemporary. LettersIts probable that Astrn were & the trade Letters might be invented by the merchants of the red sea for writing down their merchandise & keeping their accounts, & guiding their ships in the night, & building of ships, & that they were propagated thence into Egypt Chaldea Phenicia Asia minor & Europe much about one & the same time.For we hear nothing of Letters among the exe before the days of David except among the posterity of Abraham. Nothing of Carpenters before Solomon wrote to Hiram to supply him with such article saying that there none in Israel who could skill to hew timber like the Zidonians, nether of Astronomy before the Egyptians er in the days of Ammon applied themselves to obssobserving the stars for the sake of Navigation.
Nothing of good Architecture before the building of Temples by Solomon Sesostris, Hiram & Cynyras.
1=130,8. 2=261,6. 33=992,4. 4=523,2. 5=654 6=97848. 7=915,6. 8=10464 15=1962 23=30084
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The Egyptians ascribe the invention of Letters to Thoth the secretary of Osiris in the days of Solomons. And therefore th Coptic letters for writing down sounds were first used in Egypt in the thee days the Koptic letters for writing down sounds were yletters began to be used by Egyptians a little after the flight of the Edomites from David.
He placest places Athothes or Thoth among the kings of Egypt, & makes him the successor of Menes, the & yet Thoth reigned not in Egypt but was only the Secretary of Osiris. [And by yethe name of Anubis he places him also aamong the kings of Egypt who reigned before Menes, making two kings of one man who was not king at a king.] he places Vulcan also among the deified kings of Egypt & makes him the first of ymthem & to have reigned 90 nine thousand years, tho he reigned not in Egypt but in Cyprus. [And he divides Ammon into two kings of Egypt by the names of Ammon & Iupiter.]
Astronomy
Upon then death of Hercules the Heraclides were driven out of Peloponnesus by Hercules & Eurystheus & in that warattempting to returnthat war Eurystheus was slain by Hylus the son of Hercules & succeeded by Atreus the son of Pelops [& in his short reign the Heraclides attempteds to again to return into Peloponnesus & thus was slain by Echemus] Asthen the Heraclides returned back into Peloponnesus, but by reason of a great plague retired,. && left Peloponnesus Atreus succeeded Eurystheus & in the end of three years (Atreus still reigning) the Heraclides attempted a second time time to return into Peloponnesus, but their leader Hyllus was slain by Echemus in a single combat. Atreus died just before Paris stile Hellena wchwhich according to Homer was 20 years before the taking of Troy. And Ægystus the son of Thyestes slew Agamemnon just before the th year after the taking of Troy And in the third generation or at the end thereof th recconed by Chronologers al an hundred years, & dated not from the deat second return but from the first the Heraclides returned. Atreus 21 years before the taking of Troy
Among the forreign rites used by the strangers in Egypt in worshipping the Gods, was the sacrificing of men, & therefore those strangers were Canaanites (such as fled from Ioshua:) for Amosis abolished the custome of sacrificing men at Heliopolis.
After Amosis had expelled the shepherds & extended his dominion over all Egypt, his son & successor Ammene or Ammon – – Empire For by the conduct of his son Sesostris he conquered Troglodytica, Libya, Æthiopia & Arabia felix & invaded In his days a body – invented upon the red sea.
The ancient Egyptians feigned – – before the reign of Amenophis.
When the Edomites – – trade of the edomites upon the red sea.
After yethe Arg – of Thales. He r began to flourish about 320 years after the period here set down. And in that time the Equinoxes would go backward 4degr 26sec. [And so be in the middle of the eleventh degrees of the signes. But Thales & his contemporary Pherecydes Syrius who had a Heliotropium in the Island Cyrus for observing the Solstices, might lean to a little to the opinion of their ancestors so as to neglect the fraction & place the solstices in the twelft degrees of the signes.] Pliny tells us that Thales placed determined – – – in ♈ 23. 53 Subduct the difference of the Longitudes of this this stars & the first star of ♈ vizt 27gr. 4′. 8″, & the first star of ♈ will be in 26, 48, 52 ♓ 26. 48. 52. which is & so had moved 4 degr. 26′ 52″ further As since the Argonautic expedition, that is, the Equinox had gone so much backwards. And it goes so much backwbackwards in 321 years. [And therefore that Expedition was but 321 years older then this Observation of Thales.] Now Thales began to flourish in the 45th Olympiad. Count backwards 321 years & the Argonautic Expedition will fall upon the be about 45 years after the death of Solomon
& the first of ♈ would be in ♈ 26. 48′.
SrSir Be pleas'd to send yethe Errata (If there is any to Od
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Then at length observing that there were about 29 or 30 days in a month & 12 or 13 months in a year they took yethe round numbers of 30 days to a month & 12 months to a year & so framed an imaginary chronological year of 360 days for computations chronological recconingsapproaching the truth in chronological recconings but still kept to yethe courses of yethe Sun & Moon in numberinging their months & years for cu determ̄ingdetermining their months & years for civil & religious uses, so as to omit a day but perpetuallybut still kept to the courses of the Sun & Moon they corrected this artificial year by the courses of the Sun & Moonperpetually by the heavens omitting a day in the month as often as 30 days were too long for the course of yethe Moon & adding a month to the year as often as twelve months were too short for yethe course of the Sun. By this means the Hebrews – – – – Pleiades Peliades. And the Chaldean Lunisolar year which the Iews brought returned back from the Babylonian captivity they brought back with them the names Chaldean names of the months of the Lunisolar year. When therefore the antients the Chaldean year with Lunisolar year wchwhich they brought back with kept to the seasons four seasons of the year as the year wchwhich they brought of Egypt had done before.back with them from the bBabylonian captivity kept to the seasons of the years And a great festival of the Chaldeans (wchwhich doubtles fellwas kept upon a certain day & month of their year)fell in the in the latter end of summ a little after midsommer
[When therefore the ancients were to reccon times past or to come or were to summ up the days or months in any number of years in doing wchwhich of wchwhich they could have no assistance from the Sun & Moon, they took yethe round numbers of thirty days to a]
In the mean time the nations observing that there wereWhile the At first the nations Before the invention of Astronomical rules the nations hadcould nothing else. then the p returns of the sSun moon & Stars & seasons to guide them in their recconings but at length observing that there were three intercalary months in eight years or thereabouts, they formed – – – – – by that one true natural year.
When therefore the ancients were to reccon times past or to come or were to summ up the days or months in any number of years in doing of wchwhich they could have no assistance from yethe Sun & Moon they used the chronological year of 12 months & 360 days above mentioned, and according to this way of recconing they
At first the nations were without Astronomical rules, but at length observing that there were three intercalary months in eight years or thereabouts – – – – one true natural year.
And a great festival of the Babylonians wchwhich doubtless fel was kept at a certain time of their civil year fell a little after midsummer.
And upon yethe 16 day of the month Lous the Babyloniasns annually celebrated Athen the Feast of Saturn as Athenæus (lib. 12) relates out of Berosus: that is upon the sixteenth day of the Babylonian lunar month wchwhich fell in wchwhich the month Lous of the Macedonians & wchwhich was therefor Lunar & kept to the course of the Moon & to the same season of yethe year, the month Lous Aug the summ of the agreeing to orour August after the of Iewish yea& being the same wthwith second fift being a summer month answering toanswering to yethe Month Ab or fift month of yethe Iewish year wchwhich year wchwhich the Iews brought from Chaldea Babylon. answering to it
186
328 187
Now this return of the posterity of Hercules into Peloponnesus Now After yethe death of Hercules Eurystheus expelled his posterity out of P were expelled out of Peloponnesus by Eurisystheus & before the Trojan war endeavoured to return under Hyllus the son of Hercules but Hyllus being slain by Echemus they deferred their return till the third generation so that from Hercules to this return there were four generations. For this return was was in the days of Temenus, Cresphontes & Rad Aristodemus the sons of Aristomachus the son of Cleonideus or Cleodeus the son of Hyllus the son of Hercules & in the days of Deiphon the son of Antimachus the son of Thrasianor the son of Ctesippus the son of Hercules. For Deiphon was the companion & councellour of Teme married the Daughter of Temenus & was his companion & counsellour. The Greek Poets say that Aristodemus was dieied before this return, but the Spartans over whom he & his sons reigned say that this return was under him otherwise reccon him their first king. His sons Eurythenes & Procles & their posterity reigned after him in Sparta in two fam races of kings for many generations. One race was Euriysthenes, Hegesis or Agis, Echestratus, Leobotis or Labotas, Doriagus or Dorissus, Agesilaus, Archelaus, Teleclus, Alcamenes, Polydorus, Eurycrates, Anaxander, Eurycrates II, Leon, Anaxandrides, Cleomenes, Leomides. Cleomenes & Leonides were brothers the sons of Anaxandrides & reigned in the days of Darius Hystaspis & Xerxes, & therefore before the reign of Darius there were sixteen kings kings of Sparta in this race. The other race was Procles, Sa Eurypon, Prytanis, Eunomus, Polydectes, Charillus, Nicander, Theopompus, Anaxandrides Archidemus, Anaxileus, Leutichides, Hippocratides Ariston Demaratus, Leatiychides II,. Between Procles & Eurypon Pausanias & Plutarch insert Sons. Demaratus & Leutichides were contemporary to & & Pausanius varies some names & omitts the first Leutiychides but Herodotus & a very old Poet mentions him & says that the first second Messenian war was in his reign. Demaratus & Leutichides II were contemporary to Darius Hystaspus & therefore before also in this race of kings there were 16 Kings before Darius. TNow 16 reigns in each race recconning one wthwith another at 2120 years to a reign take up 336320 years wchwhich counted backward from the beginning of the reign of Darius Hystaspis place the return of the posterity of Hercules into Peloponnesus about 8165 years before the Olympiads. And the two preceding reigns of Orestes & Tisamenus preceding this retun place recconed also at 21 years apiece & seven years reign of O Ægystus place the death of Ægystus & beginning of the reign of Orestes 123 Agamemnon 130 years before the Olympiads, & the destruction of Troy 132 years before them, that is 753 years after the death of Solomon Noq 16 reigns in each race together wthwith the two preceding reigns of Orestes & Tisamenes th being recconned one with another at about 21 years apiece wl amouny to 378 years to wchwhichif the 7 years reign of Ægystus & & a year or two more between the taking of Troy & the death of Agamemnon be added the whole summ will amount to 3867 years the time between the taking of Troy & the beginning of the reign of Darius Hystaspis. And according to this recconing Troy was taktaken about 1331 years & 73 years afte before the Olypiads & 754 years after the death of Solomon.
Now But the Chronologers reccon 662 years between the death of Agamemnon & the reign of Darius & omitting the reign of Aristodemus they reccon but 17 reigns in all this timeapply all this time to no more then 17 reigns wchwhich is after the rate of 39y years th years 39 years to a reign, one reign wthwith another, a space much too long for the course of nature.
Cresphontes was succeeded in Messenia by Epytus, Glaucus, Istmius, Dotaltas, Sybotas, Phintas, Antiochus, Euphaes & Aristodemus, the last of wchwhich was slain in the f end of the first Messenian war: & so was Polydorus the 11th king in one race of the Kings of Sparta, & soon after at that time Theopompus the 10th king in another race of the spartan kings was infirm with old age & died soon after, & was succeeded by his grandson, tso that his reign
was
was equipollent to two reigns, his son being dead before him. The eleven reigns in sparta between the return of the Heraclides into Peloponnesus & the end of yethe first Messenian war recconed at 21 years to a reign, make 231 years wchwhich divided among the 10 kings of Messene reigning in the same interval of time make 23 years a piece to each reign one wthwith another. Which length exceeding a medium, is an argument that the reigns of yethe kings of Sparta ought not to be lengthned. Chronologers make yethe end of yethe first Messenian war 379 years later then yethe return of the Heraclides, wchwhich time being divided among the 10 Kings of Messene make 38 years to a reign one reign wthwith another & such reigns are much too long for the course of nature. Pausanius tells us that the I Messenian war lasted all the reign of Euphaes wchwhich was 13 years & all the reign of successor Aristodemus wchwhich was 6 years & some months, & ended about five months after the death of Aristodemus. In all init lasted 20 years as Pausanius relates out of Tyrtæus the Poet who flourished in yethe next Messenian war. Now subduct therefore these two kings from yethe 10 kings of Sparta & these 20 years from the 379 years above mentioned & the remaning 359 years divided among the remaining 8 kings of Messene make 45 years a piece to each reign one wthwith another, wchwhich is certainly very much too long for the course of nature. Subduct the same 20 years from the 231 years of yethe kings above mentioned & the remaining 211 years divided among the same 8 kings make 26y 4 months a piece to eachthe reign of each king one with another, wchwhich is still too long.
Aristodemus the father of Eurysthenes & Procles married Argia the daughter daughter of Autesion the son of Tisamenus the son of Thersander the son of Polynices the son of Oedipus, the son of Laius, the son of Labdacus the son of Polydorus the son of Cadmus & dying young made Theras the left his sons under the tuition of Theras the son of Autesion & brother of Argia, & Euryleon yethe son of Ægeus was in the fift generation from Oiolycus the son of Theras, as Pausanias relates, & by consequence in the sixt generation from Theras. Now Theras flourished in the return of the Heraclides into Peloponnesus, being contemporary to Aristodemus his sisters husband & Euryleon commanded the main body of the Messenians in yethe a battel in yethe 5t or 6 year of the Heraclides first Messenian war as Pausanius relates & between these two periods there are 364 years according to yethe vulgar chronology, which being put equal to yethe said six generations make about 60 years to a generation wchwhich is certainly much too long for yethe course of nature. But according to my recconing there are but 216 years between the said two periods & these being put equal to yethe said six generations make 36 years to a generation wchwhich is still too long especially since these generations were of the chief men of the family.
So then weI have made the reign of the Spartan kings too long, & if instead of recconing them at 21 years a peice weI reccon them at 20 years a peice weI we shall come nearer the truth. And according to this recconing the 16 kings of sparta between the return of the Heraclides & the beginning of the reign of Darius Hystaspis will take up 320 years wchwhich being counted backwards place that return from that reign, place that return 340 66 years before the Olympiads or 139 years after yethe death of Solomon.
Now this return was in the fourth generation after Hercules. For Temenus, Cresphontes & Aristodemus under whom the Heraclides returned were the sons of Aristomachus the son of Cleodeus the son of Hyllus the son of Hercules as was said above. And at the same time the Dores returned returned into Peloponnesus under the conduct of Alctes the son of Hippotas the son of Phylas the son of Antiochus the son of Hercules. And Deiphon the son of Antimachus the son of Thrasianor the son of Ctesippus, the son of Hercules was the companion & Councellour & son in law of Temenus. This return of the Heraclides was
also
188
also in the days of Theras the son of Autesion the son of Tisamenus the son of Thersander the son of Polynices who was contemporary to Hercules, & in the days of Cypselus the son of Æpytus the son of Hippothous the so successor of Agapenor the son of Ancæus who Agapenor was at the Trojan war being king of Arcadia & Ancæus was one of the Argonauts & was slain in hunting the Chelidonian boar & whose his Aunt Auge lay with Hercules.
✝ and the sons of Aristodemus were under the Theras the son of Autesion the son of the son of the son of Hercules flourished
After the death of Hercules., his brother Eurystheus
When Hercules was dead & Hiyllus & some others of his sons were grown up to mean estates, Eurystheus the brother of Hercules forced them & their friends to flyDiodor l. 4 c. 3. out of Peloponnesus to Athens & Eurystheus leading an army against them they & the Athenians under the command of Theseus & Hyllus fought & routed him & slew him & his sons in battel, & by this success the Heraclides under the commhaving increased their forces invaded Peloponnesus under the command of Hyllus. This was in the reign of Atreus the son of Pelops & father of Agamemnon & Menalaus theking of Myceænæ & by consequence before the reign of Agamemnon thie successor of Atreus& were met by Atreus the son of Pelops & who successoreeded Eurystheus in the kingdom of Mycæna.TBut Hyllus challenging any of the enemy singly on condition that if he overcame the Heraclidæ should kingdom of Eurystheus should be given to the Heraclidæes but if the enemy he were killed the Heraclidæes should forbear not return into Peloponesus within the space of 50 years till. Echemus king of the Tegeans accepted the challenge & killed Hyllus. But soon after the 50 years were expired the HeraclidesAll this was done while Æthra the mother of Theseus was living & not 30 years after yethe destruction of Troy as Chronologers reccon. Historians tell us thatyethe Heraclides were were admonished by the Oracle to deferr reentring Peloponnesus till the third generation. In the mean time Atreus Agamemnon, Ægystus Orestes & Tisamenusreigned successively in Mycena & in yethe reign the last of whom was expelled his kingdom by the Myce Heraclides reentring Peloponnesus under the command of conduct of Temenus Crespontes & Aristomachusdemus the son of Aristomachus yethe son Cleodeus the son of Hyllus, the son of Hercules & in the days of Deiphon the son of Antimachus the son of Thrasianor the son of Ctesippus the son of Hercules. For Deiphon married the daughter of Temenus & was thethe companion & counsellour of Temenus & married his daughter[& therefomarried his daughter & therefore may be recconed about r tenn years younger 5 or 10 years younger then him. Now Now if we considering that the Hercules & h the family of Hercules wasere very fruitful, if in this family we reccon that about 23 or 24 years to a generation by the eldest sons, Hyllus will be about 6970 years & Hercules who had many children about 90 years older than Temenus, & the expedition of Hyllus will be about 6 6970 years ancienter then that of Temenus & his brothers. Chronologers place the expedition of Hyllus 350 years later then the destruction of Troy & the expedition of Temenus & his brothers 8 years later that is 780 years later then that of Hyllus, that is 80 years that is 80 years later then that of Hyllus. yethe destruction of Troy: wchwhich whereas the expedition of Hyllus was in the days of Theseus & of his mother Æthra, & in the days of Atreus the predecessor of Agamemnon & Menelaus (Diodo r. l. 4 ) & therefore above 19some years before the destruction of Troybeginning of the Trojan war. For Paris stole Helena 20 years before yethe destruction of Troy (Homer Il. ult ) & at that time Menelaus was gone from home to looke after the estate wchwhich fell to him by the death of Atreus.
When the Heraclides returned into Peloponnesus under the conduct of Temenus the three brothers Temenus Cresphontes & Aristodemus Temaenus seated himself at Corinth, Crespontes in Messene & Aristodemus at Sparta. The old Poets say that Aristodemus the youngest brother was dead before this expedition but the Spartans reccon him their first king. His sons Eurysthenes & Procles] And at the same time the Dores returned into Peloponnesus under the conduct of Aletes the son of Hippotas the son of Phylas the son of Antiochus the son of Hercules. 4 So then Hercules was four generations older then the captains under whom the Heraclides returned into Peloponnesus. & considering that the Heraclides multiplied fast & these three last generations were by the chief of the familyies if we reccon about 2825 years to a generation the Argonautic Expedition of Hercules & his companions will be about an hundred & eight twelve years ancienter then the return
of
of the Heraclides into Peloponnesus. Now the Trojan war was one generation later then the Argonautic expedition: for neither the Argonauts nor their grandsons were in thatis war but many of their sons were in it. I will suppose therefore that this war began about 2527 years after the Argonautic expedition & ended 3536 years after it after wchwhich Agamemnon reigned one or two years Orestes 7 & Ægystus seven & Orestes & his son Tisamenus the remaining 5763 untill the return of the Heraclides. Chronologers allot 72 years to yethe reign of Orestes & Tisamenus recconing that Hyllus was slain 30 years after the Trojan war, whereas Hyllus was slain before that war began. For the expedition of Hylus was in the days of Theseus & of his mother Æthra & her brother Luymnius & in the days of Echemus the predecessor of Agapenor who warred at Troy & in the days of Atreus the predecessor of Agamemnon. & in the days of Lycmnius the
When yethe Heraclides returned into Peloponnesus, Temenus & Aletes setled at Corinth, Temenus at Argos, Crespontes in Messene & Aristodemus with his two sons at Sparta Eurysthenes & Procles se at Sparta. Aristodemus was the younger brother & died young & left his two sons under the tuition of his wives brother Theras the son of Autesion The Greeks usually say that he died before the return of yethe Heraclides, but the Spartans make him their first king wchwhich is more probable because & his sons were too young to lead the Heraclides on their return. By hisThis return was in the days of Cypselus king of Arcadia & Cresphontes married the daughter of Cypselus. his The posterity of Cresphontes & Cypselus reigned long in Messene. the posterity& Arcadia & Aristodemus by his two sons he propagated two races of kings at Sparta down to many generations Eresphontes propagated a third at Messene & PletesCypselus a fourth at CorinthArcadia. Their names down to yethe first end of the first Messenian war are as in yethe following Tables.
AristodemusAristodemusCresphontesAletes.Cypselus
TherasEuristhemesProclesÆpytusIxion.Olæas
OiyolycusHegesis or AgisEuriponSousGlaucusAgelaus.Bucolion
✱Leobotis or LabatasPrytanisIstmiusPrymnis.Phialus
✱EchestratusPolydectesDotadasBacchis.Simus
✱Leobotis or LabotasEctnoniusSybotasAgelaus.Pompus
ÆgeusDoriagus or DorissúsPolydectesPhintasEudemus.Ægineta
EuryleonAgesilausCharilusAntiochusAristodemus.Polymnestor
ArchelausNicanderEuphaesAgemon.Æchmis
TeleclusThieopompusAristodemusAlexander.Aristocrates
AlcaminesZeuxidamusTelestus.Hiceltas
PolydorusBel. II Mess.Anaxidamus.Bel.II Messen.Aristocrates
Eurycrates
Anaxander Bel.II Mess. Mess
Aristodemus & Polydorus were was slain five months before
Aristodemus was sla
The war lasted 20 years as Pall yethe reign of Euphaes & Aristodemus
Polydorus was slain in yethe end of that war, & Aristodemus was slain five months before & Theopompes was then a decrepid old man & died soon after. & Æchmis reigned in the time of that war. &c So thaten from the return of the Heraclides to the end of that war there were 11 Kings of Sparta by one race & 10 by another & 10 of Messenes & nine of Arcadia.[or or between nine & ten. And And Let these reigns be taken one wthwith another of a moderate length suppose the eleven at 20 18 years apiece the 10 at 22 & the 9 at 24 1/2 & there will be about 220 200 years from yethe return of the Heraclides to the end of this war. Pausanias tells us out of Tyrtæus an old Poet who flourished in the second Messenian war, that the first Messenian war lasted twenty years. Euphaes reigned 13 years & Aristodemus six years & some months, & it lasted all their two reigns & five months more. And therefore Deduce these 20 years from yethe 220 there will remain 200 years from the death of between the return of the Heraclides & the beginning of the first Messenian war: all wchwhich time being taken up by yethe first eight kings of Messene make their reigns 25 years a piece one wthwith another wchwhich is long though for the course of nature.
189
The Egyptians understood by Osiris the river Nile which copulates wthwith yethe earth signified by Isis & ytthat Typhon is the Sea [into wchwhich the Nile falling is ]in wchwhich the Nile perishes. Plutarch de Iside. Whence Sesostris borrowed several name was called by the several names oftaken from yethe river& the River were called by one anothers names as Siris Osiris Osiris Sirius Ægyptus, & Nilus, For [Nilus was that king who cut canales from that river &]he being the author of the many branches of that river cut through all Egypt. For one of yethe names of that river was Sihor (IsaIsa 23) & Siris (Plin. l. 5. c. 9) & one of the names of Osiris was Sirius &or Siris whence by prefixing the arti O or O O (an article the article or interjection O was formed Osiris & (Plutarch in Iside) & by adding Apis formed Serapis & Homer calls the le pptusriver & Manetho the king Ægyptus & Nilus was that king who cut canales Egypt into canales from yethe river Nile to make the river Nile more usefull Diodor l. 1. c. 5 tho he& who was the father or Mercury C(Cic. de Natura Deor.) [Some make Nilus a later king because yethe river was not called by that name till after the days of Homer.] He is called also by several other names as Hercules Indicus, Adonis, Mars the God of war eo Belus Ægyptius Iupiter The God of thunder Hyperion, Iupiter. For he is often called Dionysus the the Iupiter of Nysa, & some Mars yethe God of war, Hyperion And sometimes he is taken for Iupiter Belus && Iupiter Olympius being the he is painted wthwith a thunderbolt in his hand to express his power in warr & riding upon an Eagle to express by yethe high flight of that bird the height of his dominion, & the whenever he is called Iupiter his his father Hammon or Amenophis is is taken for Saturn.
Cyinra
Cinyras was king of Cyprus
Cyprus had anciently as many kings as cities &
In the
Cinyras reigned in Cyprus in
InTill the time of yethe Trojan war Cinyras reigned in Cyprus for upon when Agamemn the Greeks were perparing f for that war he sent Agamemnōon a breastplate (Homer Ili λ. Iliad λ) For Cinyras was an artist also an Artificer Artist & inventor of arts & found out tiles & Copper in Cyprus & the tongues & hammer & anvil & tongues & laver. (Plin. l. 7. c. 56.) & became so wi He lived very long Anacreon saith to 160 years (Plin l. 7. c 48) & seems to have reigned on Cyprus when Sesostr Osiris invaded the nationswas famous in Cyprus & entirely beloved of Apollo (Pindar Pyth. Ode 2) & was very rich (Pindar Nem. Ode 8) & as an artist in Music contended with Apollo on yethe Harp (Suidas in Cinyra) whence he reignedseems to have flourished from yethe time that Osiris invaded the nations. He was so rich as to occasion the Proverb: Richer then Midas or Cinyras (Tyrtæus Poeta. Clement Alexandr. Pœdag. l. 3. c 6.) & therefore could not easily the observation of Osiris w escapeescape the observat escape observation whenc Osiris became master of Cyprus. Now the Cypran Venus was lived with Cinyras was married to & loved AdonisFor the daughters of Conyras married forreigners & died in Egypt. Apollodor. l 3. c. 13. sec 3. And venus was in Egypt among the Gods in Egypt when the Gyants made war upon them. Now with Cinyras lived a beautiful young woman [ who [ was married to Anchises & ] loved Adonis [the son of Cinyras] [& loved Adonis laid snares for Phaeton] Clement. Alexandr. Admonitio ad Gentes p. 21. & she was after deified by Cinyras & honoured wthwith lustful Orgina delivered celebrated even in the day time instead of night for whereby she became the Cyprian Venus Clement ib p 10 & in this her Temple at Paphus Cinyras & his posterity yewere buried. ib p. By the Orgia its plain that she & Bacchus were worshipped together & therefore she was the whore of Bacchus she was his mistress & he is that God of war who lay with Venus, & either Cinyras or Anchises is the Vulcan of the Phœnicians. While yethe daughters of Cinyras were carried into Egypt its problebable that Ven so beautiful a woman as Venus was not left behind For she was among the Gods in Egypt when the Giants made war upon them. Thae temple was built in Paphus a city built also by Cinýras (Apollod. l. 3. c. 13.) & thence shethis Venus was called Venus Paphia. And her Priests were called Cinyradæ because they were of the Posterity of Cinyras Hesychin Κινυράδαι & Pindari Scholiast. Pythion. Od. . 2. fAnd Cinyras himself was her cheif Priest or Pontifex maxims (Pindar Pyth. Ode 2.) This is that Venus born of the froth of of the Sea. Fama tradit a Cinyra sacratum ventustissimum. Paphiæ Veneris templum, Deamque ipsam conceptam mari huc appulsam that is in a ship arrived in a ship after she was in honour wthwith Mars (Tacit hist 2. 2. p. 338) Theis form of the temple was taken from an older Temple of the Goddess AsterothVenus Urania or Asteroth the Goddess of the Philistims at at Ascalon in Palestine, as was also that at Cythera (Herod. l. 1. c. 105.) And as The statue of Venus at Cythare was armed (Herod l 3 p 207) & so the Venus of Cyprus was ετχειος armed wthwith a sppere (Hesych.) Whence I gather that this Venus was
followed
followed Bacchus amongst his armed weomen. There was also a Temple of Venus on Amathus a very city of Cpyrus in wchwhich Amathusia (Tacit Hist. II. p 338) so called from Amathus Amathusia or Venus of Amathus (Tacit Hist. l. II. p. 338) Ama wchwhich was a very old city of Cyprus in wchwhich Adonis Osiris was worshipped whom tho an Egyptian God the Cyprians & Phœnicians challenged for their own. (Stephan:) Cinyras had also a Pallace at Byblus Sanchoniatho tells us that Biblos was Saturn gve Byblus the City Byblus to the Goddess Βααλτίς & Διιώνη Venus & Iuno (Eus.Pr). bb her mother Virgil Æn 3 vers 19. Whence Byblus was the royal city of Cinyras consecrated to Adonis (Strab. l. 16 p. 755) Fora(a Sanchoniatho apud Euseb. Pr. Saturn gave this city to the Goddess Βααλτίς & Διαώνη Venus & bb Virgil Æn 3 vers 9. Theocritus in Syracusis) her mother And Lucian tells us that he saw in Byblus a great Temple of Venus Byblia in wchwhich they perform certain rites to Adonis after the manner of the worship of Apis in Egypt, lamenting his death & shaving themselves at his resurrection. And some of Byblus say that Osiris was buried there & that this mourning is performed not to Adonis but to Osyrus, & confirm it wthwith this circumstance that fhis head is yearly brought out of Egypt to Byblus being made of yethe Egyptian papyr. Lucian adds that he went a days iourney from Byblus up mount Libanus & there saw an old temple of Venus wchwhich Cinyras had dedicated. (Lucian de Dea Syr) Some say that Venus loved Bacchus & during his Indian expedition ejnjoyd Adonis & upon his return met him & put awthwith a crown upon her head & put another crown on his head. Natalis Comes p 386. Whence Aristophanes in Ranis represents Bacchus crowned wthwith Myrtle. Amores et Gratias quidam Veneris & Liber patris dixerunt ib. p. 391 Æneas the son of Venus & Anchisis her husband. ib. Charan apud Anonymus de credibilibus c 16 de Bacche dixitc 16 saith that Cadmus called the son of Semele after the name of yethe Egyptian Dionysius & that Dionys Bacchus & that Bacchus was in love wthwith Venus & Ariadne. And Macrobius in Saturn l 1 c 19 Plerique Liberum cum Mark conjungunt unum Deum esse monstrantis: Vide Bacchus ωυ άλιος no cognominatur quod est inter propria Martis nomina. – Hinc etiam Liber pater bellorum prla poteus probatur; quod eum primum ediderunt authorem triumphi. He triumphed in an ivory chariot drawn with elephants. Æneas filius Veneris et Anchisis per adulterum. D. Aug. De Civ. Dei. l. 3. c. 3.
For Deodorus tells us theaa Apud Diodorum l 5. Cretans affirmed that Neptune was the first that who began to handle Sea affairs & set out a fleet having obteined this Prefecture of Saturn: Whence posterity recconed him lor things done in the Sea to be under his government & & mariners honoured him with sacrifices.a Among the By Saturn y here to be understoodunderstand here the father of Iupiter Neptune & Pluto. Among the posterity of Misraim are recconned thethe Naphtuhim Gen. 10.13, a people placed by Bochart Ma on yethe sea coasts in Marmorica a country bordering on yethe west of the lower Egypt. And its probable that these people had there name from yethe sea coasts & Neptune his from them. For they & the people of Cyrene had several sea ports convenient for navigation whereas In all the sea coasts of Egypt from Ioppa in Palestine to Paroetonium in Africa for the space of 625 miles there was not one safe harbour to be found except Pharus.bb Diodor. l. 1. c. 3 Fo At Paroetoneum &was a very good port & from thence along the sea coasts of Marmarica Cyrene & Pentapolis w were several other good harbours. & there Bochart & Arius Montanus places the Naphtuhim Gen 10.13 a people sprung from from Mizraim Gen 10.13 & the & Ptolomy the Gardens of the Hesperides or Kingdom of Atlas.. Stephanus in Αιβυη tells us that this region had many names as Libya, proporie dicta, Olympia, Oceania, Hesperia, Ammonis, Cyrene. Its probable that it had the name Ammonis or Ammonia from Ammon the father of
Sesostris who
190
Sesostris who conquered it & made it a Province of the Egyptians, the name Hesperia from its bordering westward upon Egypt & the name Oceania from its being bordering on the sea & being filled with good harbourswhence also its people were called Naphtuhim. It was famous for horses, & Neptune was as much celebrated for hormanshiphorsemanship. The Scholiast upon Pindar Pyth. Ode 4 saith: the Equestrem Neptiunum vocat non en presenti occasione sed quia Neptunus Libyes docut equos currut jungere. And from theim the Greeks reccivedreceived the ways of joyning four horses to a Chariot.r Typhon is also the same person wthwith Antæus Atlas & Neptune, for he was an Egyptian the brother of Osiris & husband of NephtysaPlutarch in Iside, & was interpreted by the Egyptians to signify the seabb Plutarch de Iside & therefore the Priests of Egypt abominated the seacc Plutarch in Iside. & had Neptune in no honourdHerod l 2. Neptune was In memory of the inventiona sort of Chariots invented by Neptune, his wago chariot or wagon was placed in the heavens where the great Bear is now placed33 h Plutarch in Iside. & the Egyptians called it Typhons ConstellationhThe great Bear, that is the wWagon, was by the Egyptians called Typhons constellation h so ytthat Typhon as well as was celebrated by the Egyptians for this invention as Neptune was by the Greeks. And in the warr between the Gods & Gyants Neptune is sometimes put for Typhon as where Lucian saith that Corinth being full of fables tells the fight of Sol & Neptunekk Lucian de Saltatione & where Agathircides tells how the Gods of Egypt fled from the Gyants till the Titans came in & saved them by putting Neptune to flight.lAgathar aput Photium. And as Atlas was celebrated for Astronomy so some ascribed the observation of the Moon to Typhon.mm Apud Natale Com. Mythol. l. 4. c. 7.
Ægyptus was in those days the name of the River Nile: for so Homer it is always called by Homer Sesostris having drawn the river Nile into all Egypt by many cuts to make it more usefull put the Egyptians uponmaking him a type occasioned yethe calling him & the river by the same names as Siris, Osiris Ægyptus, Nilus. For [by Osiris Isis & Typhon they understood the River Nile, the earth made fruitfl by the overflowing of the river & the Sea in wchwhich the river perishes (Plutarch de Isade.) Again one of the names of that] the river was called Sihor (Isa 23) & Siris (Plin l 5 c 9) & one of the name of Osiris was & Osiris (Plutarch in Iside) & so was Sesostris, thehis name Osiris being formed by the Greeks of Sirius or Siris by prefixing the Article or iInterjection O (Plutarch in Iside) Homer constantly calls the river Ægyptus The river was constantlywasis called Ægyptus by Homer & Manetho tells us that Sesostris was called by the same name. And as Nilus is the name of the river at this day so Diodorus tells us that Nilus was that king who cut Egypt into canales to make the river more usefull,. & Cicero that hesaith ytthat Nilus was the father of Mercury, & Minerva, & Vulcan & Bacchus, tho he was rather Bacchus himself.
When Bacchus designed to transplant bring his army over the Hellespont into Europe & for that end had was come over yethe Hellespont into Europe wthwith part of his army he was informed by Tharops the grandfather of Orpheus ytthat Lycurgus king designed to cut desi Lycurgus cut them off in in the night & Bacchus narrowly escapeding by the information of Therops grandfather of Orpheus, slew Lycurgus & gave his kingdom to Therops & one of the nine singsters he gave to The Oeagrus the son of Therops. For Orpheus was yethe son of Oeagrus & Charosalliope one of yethe Muses. And hence it came to pass that Orpheus became so skilled in Musick & travelled into Egypt being an Egyptian by the Mothers side & that he brought with him out of Egypt the Orgia & mysteries of Bacchus & spread them in Thrace in honour of Sesostris yethe benefactor of his familythe
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meuses veteres Iudearum 1Abib. 2Zif. 8Bul. 7Ethania.
So then the Princes of Egypt in the reign of Sesostris were
So then the great Gods of Egypt wereAmmon, Osiris, Isis, Typhon, Apollo Diana Mercury, Latona Minerrva, Pan Ammon Hercules Venus, Vulcan, Bacchus, Pan Hercules Neptune &c were the Princes of Egypt in the reign of Os Sesostris when the Mona & his father when the Monarchy of Egypt was first erected. Then it wascame in fashion in Egypt Greece & other nations to erect Temples & Altarsmagnificent sepulchres in the form of Temples wthwith statues & Altars χτερίζεινparentare to honour their dead to honour their deadχτείζειν parentare to celebrate the funerals of their dead fathers wthwith festivals & sacrifces offered to their ghosts & to erect to persons of renoun & wthwith stattues & Altars to honour them with sacrifices d in their Temples.. The Greeks did it to Bacchus yethe son of to all the eminent Grecians as Perseus, Hercules yethe son of Alcmena, Bacchus the son of Semele, Pan yethe son of Penelope, Ceres, Proserpina, Triptolemus, Iason, Æsculapius, Machaon, Alexandra the daughter of Priam Theseus, H, Hippolytus, Hector, Agamemnon Menelaus Castor Pollux Amphiarus Ajax, Pandion, Ino, Melampus, Protetilaus, Amphiaraus & his son Amphilochus, Britomartis Achilles & many others & the great dominion of Sesostris made the Gods of Egypt much more famous then those of other nations so as to be more generally worshipped & called Dij magni majorum gentium. And whilst Sesostris & his Princes in the age of these Gods new built the cities of Egypt hence it came to pass that the cities of Egypt were more generally called by the names of the Gods of Egypt then the Gods cities of any other country were by their Gods.(as Herodotus tells us) that the Gods of Egypt were founders of their Cities. For Herodotus tells us that of all the Provinces of the world there were in Egypt alone many cities built by the ancient Gods as by Iupiter, Sol, Hermes, Apollo, Pan, Eilithyia & many others. These were the Gods who upon the death of Osiris fed from Typhon & yethe Giants & therefore they lived together in Egypt with Osiris till his death, & were the great men of his kingdom. Lucaian an Assyrian who had viewed many Temples in Egypt Phanica & Assyria, reccond the Temples of Egypt very Old, those in Phænicia built by Cyniras as old & those in Assyria almost as old as yethe former but not altogether so old. For the Assyrian monarchy wchwhich occasioned their building rose up after the Egyptian.
Psas to Hercules the son of Alcmena, Bacchus yethe son of Semele, Pan the son of Penelope, Æsculapius the son of Apollo, Machaon the son of Æsculapius, Polemocrates the son of MachaūMachaon Hector the son of Alexandra the daughter of Priam, Amphiaraus, & his son Amphilochus the son of Amphiaraus, Arcas Perseus, Pandion, Æacus, Iasion Cybele Ceres, Proserpina, Triptolemus, Celeus, Theseus, Hippolytus the son of Theseus, Protesilaus Achilles, Agamemnon Menalaus, Castor, Pollux, Hellena, Pandion, Ino, Melampus, Protesilaus, Britomartis [who shunned the love of ]the hum Adrastus, Iolaus, Celeus & divers others. This fashion the of Deifying men founded upon the doctrine of Dæmons or transmigration of souls the Greeks & Asiaticks had from the Egyptians & the dominion of Egypt Sesostris made the Gods of Egypt much more famous & th & much more universally worshipped then those of Greece or other nations so as to be called Dij magni majorum aentium. These were the Gods who built the cities of Egypt, For it was Sesostris who built them He built t built themas you heard above. He built them by yethe hands of his Princes by yethe hands of his Princes, & Herodotus tells us that of all
depths of the seas. Typhon is also the same person for he signifies theAnd Clemens Alexandrinus saith, that Athœs was the first that built a ship & sailed upon the Seas. (Clem ) Typhon Typhon also signifies is also the same person wthwith Neptune & the rest for he signifies the sea & is there was an Egyptian the brother of Osirus & husband of Nephthis the & signifies the Sea & therefore yethe Priests sabortinate the Sea (Plutarch in Iside) & havde Neptune in no honour (Herod l. 2. ). Neptune is celebrated for the invention of chariots with four wheels & in memory thereof his he his wagon was placed in the heavens where the great Beare is now placed & that constellation of yethe wagon w isthe Egyptians called Typhon's constellation. A Plutarch in Iside. And in yethe war between the Gods & Gyants Neptun is sometimes put for Typhon: as where Lucian saith that Corinth being full of fables tells the fight of Sol & Neptune (Lucian de Saltatione) & where Agatharcides tells the flight of the Godshow the Gods of Egypt fled from the Giants untill the Titans (that is Hercules came in to their assistance & put& saved them by putting Neptune to flight, (apud Photium) in wchwhich battel Dis was wounded by Hercules, (Agathar. apud. Photium) & Mars taken prisoner by Otus & Ephialtes the sons of Neptune. (Agathar. apud Photium) And as Atlas was celebrated for Astronomy so some made ascribed the observation of the Moon to Typhon, amongst wchwhich were wasbb Apud Anton Natal/ Com. Mythol. l 4. c 7 Xenagoras the Philosopher
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Hesiod makes Memnon one of th to be the son of Tithonus & Aurora wchwhich Tithonus saith Diodorus, was the son of Laomedon & brother of Priamus & warring in the eastern parts went as far as Ethiopia (that is, was carried captive by Sesostris into Thebais & warred in his armies whence came the fable of Memnons being born of Aurora. Memnon was therefore one generation younger then Tithonus & Priamus & by consequence contemporary to Hector Alexander & the Trojan warr. And this synchronism is confirmed by its giving occasion to a story related by Pindar Pausanias Diodorus Dictys Greteusis & others of ancients of Memnons being at yethe warr of Troy & therefore slain by Achilles the Greeks taking occasion from the Synchronism to frame this story in honour of their nation And its probable enough that about that time he carried his conquests into Asia Minor. For Pausanias writes it for certain that the people of Nicomedia shewedkept the brazen sword of Memnon in the temple of Æscul at leastapius: Now Memnon was the grandson of Sesac Sesostris or Sesac as we shall shew hereafter & therefore the Trojan war was two generationsabout be somabout two generations later then the expedition of Sesac into Asia & his return into Egypt. For that the Trojan war was later then that expedition of Sesostris was the universal opinion of all antiquity. And therefore when our later Chronologers placemake that expedition in as late as yethe days of Rehoboam they ought they ought at the same time to make that war still later. And there is no king of Egypt mentioned in scripture besides sSesac who can be sSesostris.
Pausanius (lib 10) describing several ancient pictures made by Polygnotus in a public building neare yethe Temple of Delphos, by Polygnotus (an Athenian to whom Theophrastus attributes the invention of painting) mentions one in wchwhich were painted together Hector Memnon & Sarpedon were painted together with long beards & Paris going a beardless youth, & Polyxena Queen of the Amazons & saith that Memnon came to yethe Trojan war not from Ethiopia but from Susa of yethe Persians & the river Choaspis having conquered all the nations between, as far as & that the Phrygians still shewd the way by wchwhich he led his army, wchwhich way waswas divided by stations. If we suppose therefore that Tithonus of whom when Sesostris returned back into Egypt (wchwhich was after nine years war & by cons about yethe fourteen years after the death of Solomon) he carried), & carried back with him a great number of captives, Tithonus (whom the Greeks describe to have been a very beautiful youth) was one of the many captives wchwhich he carried back with him: & ytthat Priam the brother of Tithonus escaped beingbecause either not born or but a child too young to be captivated, & that Memnon was born after this captivity of Tithonus the destruction of Troy wchwhich happendbb Dictys when Priam began to be decrepid wthwith old age, will be about 70 80 or 90 years after the death of Solomon as we recconed above.
& Since the ancient Greek & Latin Chronologers have recconed made yethe ancient times too long, if yethe
As the we have shortened the whole times from the rapture of Europa t& taking of Troy to yethe beginning of the Persian Monarchy by about a third part so if we are to shorten the several parts thereof in yethe same proportion so as to make yethe death of Hyllus & retiring of the Heraclideæ from Peloponesus & about 20 years after yethe taking of Tryoy the return of yethe Heraclidæ into Peloponnesus about 50 years after it the Ionic migration & birth of Homer about 90 years after it & the Guardianship of Lycurcus about 200 years after it: we shall frame a Chronology more coherent & consonant to tancient History then that usually received. And by the same way of recconing the kingdom of Macedon must begin under Caranus about an hundred or an hundred & twenty years later then in yethe vulgar Chronologieers usually reccon, that is about 20 or 30 years after the Captivity of the ten tribes. And thaes synchronisms being setled I return to yethe story of Egypt.
Conon (who lived in the age of Iulius Cæsar & Augustus) in his 32th narration tells us that when Cadmus was sent to seek his sister Europa he was accompanied wthwith Proteus who fearing the tyranny of Busiris had fled out of Egypt, & in his 37th narration that the Phenicians were at that time potent & having subdued a great part of Asia had placed their royal seat at Thebes in Egypt
By this last circumstance he seems to place Cadmus under He seems to confound the reign of the Phœnecian Shepherds in Phœnicia & some part of Egypt & Phœnicia wthwith that of the the Egyptians who expelled them & reigned atreigned at Thebes & expelled theise Shepherds & soon after subdued a good part of Asia. & reigned at Thebes
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All nations have been prone to raise their antiquities & make the lives of their first fathers longer then they really were & this hals been the fault of the Europeans who conjecturinging at the length of the reigns of those kings European kings who were ancienter then the Persian Monarchy usually made them reign one wthwith another an age a piece recconing three aAges to an hundred years. For they make the twelve kings of Macedon who preceded Orestes to have reigned 405 years wchwhich is above 33 years a piece & the first seven first kings of Rome who preceeded the Consuls to have reigned 244 years wchwhich is 35 years a piece & yethe 14 kings of yethe Lætines between Æneas & Numitor or the founding of Rome to have reigned 425 years wchwhich is above 30 years a piece & the reight first kings of Argus (Inachus Phoroneus &c) to have reigned 371 years wchwhich is above 46 years a piece & the first ten kings of Athens (Cecrops &c) to have reigned 351 years wchwhich is 35 years a piece. Whereas according to yethe ordinary course of nature kings reign one wthwith another but about 20 or 21 years a piece. So in the Canon of the kings of England the 28 Kings (William the Conqueror &c) reigned 635 1/2 years wchwhich is 22 2/3 years a piece. In the race of the kings of France the sixty three Kings (Pharamund &c) reigned 1224 years wchwhich is is one wthwith another 19 1/2 years a piece. The 18 Kings of Babylon (Nabonassar &c) 209 years wchwhich is one wthwith another 11 2/3 years a piece. The 10 Kings of Persia (Cyrus &c) reigned 208 years wchwhich is about 21 years a piece. The 16 successors of Alexander in PersiaSyria (Seleucus &c) 244 years wchwhich is 15 years a piece. The 10 in Macedonia (Aridæus &c) 156 years wchwhich is 15 1/2 years a piece. The 18 kings of IsraelJudah after Solomon 390 years wchwhich is one wthwith another 22 years a piece. The 15 Kings of Israel after Solomon 259 years wchwhich is one wthwith another 17 1/4 years a piece
Now in the kingdom of the Spartans, after Menelaus the husband of Helena, reigned successively Orestes & Tisamenes, & after them two races of fifteen kings in each race untill the reign of Darius Hystaspis. The sixteenth king in one race – (excludingafter Tisamenes) was Cleomenes & in the other Demaratus, & Cleomenes & Demaratus were contemporary to Darius Hystaspis: so that by a double recconing there were seventeen reigns or successions of kings between the death of Menelaus & the beginning of the reign of Darius wchwhich & his contemporaries Cleomenes & Demaratus, wchwhich by recconing 21 years a piece to each reign one wthwith another amount to 357 years wchwhich counted backwards from the reign beginning of the reign of Darius place the beginning of Orestes about 103 years after the death of Solomon. At wchwhich rate the Trojan wartdestruction of Troy was about 80 or 90 years later then the daysdeath of Solomon.
Again from Æsculatpius to Hippocrates inclusively are recconed 18 male generations by the fathers side, & from Hercules to Hippocrates inclusively are recconed 19 generations by the mothers side. And because
these
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& this humour has been promoted by the antient contention between several nations about their antiquity. The Egyptians & Chaldeans made their Originals many thousand years too high. The Greeks & LatinesEuropeansGreeks & Latines have been the more modest, but yet have exceeded the truth. For in stating the reigns of their kings wchwhich were ancienter then yethe Persian Monarchy they have usually made them reign one with another anout an age ap a piece or recconing three ages to an hundred years; & thereby they have made the times of Cadmus, the Argonauts & the Trojan war much too ancienter then yethe truth. fFor they make the twe seven kings of Rome who preceded the Consuls. — Generations from father to son are usually one wthwith another about 34 years a piece or 3 generations to an 100 years. Those by the eldest sons or by the daughters are about some shorter & the reigns of kings are still shorter by reason that brothers sometimes succeed one another & sometimes kings are slain or deposed & succeeded by others of an equal or greater age, & in elective kingdoms the reigns are still shorter
So in
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– contemporary to the kingdom of Assyria
They say also that Bahaman the sixt king of the second Dynasty Ardschir Diraz was the sixt king of Persia & was called also Bahaman & ascribe to Bahaman the actions & circumstances of Darius Medus & Darius ca making Hystaspis making one king of those three. For they say that Bahaman went westward into Mesopotamia & Syria & conquered Balthasar the son of Nebuchadnezzar & gave the Kingdom of Babylon to Cyrus his Lieutenant general over Media Assyria & Chaldea who released the Iews from captivity: And here they take Bahaman for Darius Medes. They say also that Bahaman was the grandson of Ch Kischtasp or Hiystaspes & that Kischtasp was contemporary to Zaradust or Zoroaster the Legislator of the Ghebers or fire-worshippers & embraced his doctrines & established them throughout all Persia & that the father of Bahaman did not reighnnot And here they take Bahaman for Darius Hystaspis.
They say that Kischtasp the Grandfather of Bahaman was the fift king of the second Dynasty, and Tthe fourth king of the second Dynasty they call Lohorasp, & say that he was the father of Kischtasp & the grandfather of Cyrus & the great grandfather of Bahaman the grandson of Kischtasp, & so make him Lohorasp as old as Cyaxeres. ✝
✝ And by the things ascribed to him he must be the same king with Cyaxeres. For They say also that this fourth kingLohorast was the first of their kings who reduced their armies to good order & discipline, & Herodotus affirms the same thing of Cyaxeres Thwt say also that hetherefore they were one & the same king. They say also that Lohorast went eastward & conquered many Provinces of Persia & had wars with the kings of Touran or Scythia beyond the river Oxus & that one of his generals whom the Hebrews call Nubuchadnezzar & others call Raham & Gudarz went westward & conquered all Syria & Iudea & took the city Ierusalem & destroyed it [And Herodotus tells us that Cyaxeres was the first king of the Medeswho reduced their army into order & discipline, &] that after he had routed & expelled the Scythians he destroyed Nineveh, & others say that Nebuchadnezzar assisted him in taking Nineveh & then went westward against L Syria & PheniciaAnd he that sent Nebuchadnezzar westward while he himself went eastward can be no other then Cyaxeres who joyned wthwith Nebuchadnezzar in taking Nineveh & then went eastwards while Nebuchadnezzar went westward.
3 Cyaxeres being therefore the fourth king of the second Dynasty, if to the reign of the three preceding kings you allow about 16 or 20 years a pieceAnd if to the three preceding kings you allow about 16 or 20 years a piece, the second Dynasty will begin about the same time with the defection of the Medes & other nations from the Assyrians, & therefore was founded by that defection. For they say that Afrasiah king of Touran or Turquestan beyond the river Oxus invaded Persia with a great army of Scythians & in battel vanquished & slew Kischtasp the son of Zal the last King of the first Dynasty & thereby put an end to that Kingdom. And that Zal Zer the Governour of Sablestan on the eastern border of Persia set up Kaicobad the first King of the second Dynasty & in conjunction with him drove out the Scythians beyond the river Oxus. This second Dynasty was therefore set up in opposition to the Scythians who at that time invaded Persia with a great army, the Medes taking up arms against them in their oneown defence, & for that end revolting from the Assyrians who were not able to defend them.
4 They say that also that Afrasiab some time after returned with a fresh army of Scythians, & going up & down Persia from Province to Province was interceptted by the third king of the second Dynasty & slain in the mounttains of Media. And Cyaxeres the fourth King of this Dynasty, was Cyaxeres whoafter the Scythians had ravaged Media & Persia 28 years together according to Herodotus drove them Scythians out of all the kingđkingdom of Media his dominions, & enlarged the kingdom of Media into a great Empire.
The Oriental historians tell us also that Afrasiab king king of Touran or Scythia beyond the the river Oxus, in the reign of the Seventh king of the Roschdadian Dynasty passed that river with an army & conquered the Persians, but was soon after repulsed & returned again & again & at length was intercepted & slain in the mountains of Media by the third king of the second Dynasty. If to the reign of the first seven kings of the first seven kingsDynasty you add the reign of Afrasiab & the reign of the thirdthreethird king of the second Dynasty who slew Afrasiab, the first Dynasty will begin about nine reigns or (at 19 or 20 years a piece to a reign) about 170 or 180 years before the reign of Cyaxeres who destroyed Nineveh, & by consequence about the same time that Pul began began his reign over Assyria, & so the kings of the first Dynasty might be the kings of Assyria. The Oriental historians indeed reccon eleven kings in the first Dynasty & make the second Dynasty begin where the first ends , as if both Dynasties reigned over all Persia. & IBut they ascribe so many things to Afrasiab as to make his reign much too long for the course of nature., AndBut to & his more probable that& if the three or four last kings of Persia ri the first Dynasty reigned in one part of Persia while the three or fouror four first of the second race reigned in another part thereof, his reign will thereby be reduced to a moderate length.
The eastern historians to make the Antiquities of Persia very great, tell us indeed that some of the Pischdadian kings lived a thousand years a piece & others that they reigned all together above three thousand years: but this amounts to no more then to let us know that the Pischdadians & their
The oriental historians tell us that the [invasion of Persia by Afrasiab with an army of Tartars gave occasion to ] second Dynasty was erected in opposition to Afrasiab w the Tartars invading Persia under the conduct of Afrasiab. And since (according to those historians it was erected three reigns or about 60 years before the reign of Cyaxeres, that is, about the time that the Medes & other nations revolted from the Assyrians, its probable that that revolt was occasioned by an invasion of the Tartars, & that the Satrapay of the Medes by that revolt set up the second Dynasty.
The eastern historians tell us that the some kings of the first Dynasty lived a thousand years a piece & reigned all together above three thousand years: but this amounts to no more then to let us know that the Pischdadians reigned in the fabulous ages of Persia –
The eastern historians tell us that Sam or Sem Neriman was made general of all the forces of Persia by Feridoun the seventh King of the first Dynasty & theat Sablestan a Province in the south eastern part of Persia bordering upon India was under his government, & that his son Zal Zer succeeded him in the government & in conjunction with the first king of the second Dynasty beat the Scythians out of Peria, & that his grandson Rostom was the great Hero of the Persians & routed the Scythians & slew Asfendiar the father of Bahaman, & was tuallyrouted & slain by Bahaman the grandson of Rischtasp, that is by Darius Histaspis.
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Among the kings of the second Dynasty they do not reccon Dari enumerate Darius Medus Cyrus & CambysesDarius H but allot a reign to Chischtasp recconing him the fift king of this Dynasty & say that the fourth king of this Dynasty whom they call Lohorasp, was the father of CKischtasp & the grandfather of Cyrus, & so make Lohorasp as old as Cyaxeres. And by other circumstances they make these two kings one & the same. For they say that Lohorasp was – – – – & Herodotus affirms the same thing of Cyaxeres. They say also that Lohorasp went eastward – – – – Ierusalem & destroyed it. And this agrees to Cyaxeres who destroyed Nineveh by the assistance of Nebuchadnezzar & then went eastward against from Ni the Persians nations of Persia while Nebuchadnezzar went into the westwestward against Syria & Phœnicia.
Cyaxeres being therefore yethe fourth king of the second Dynasty, if to yethe 3 first kings you allow a reign of about 16 or 20 years a piece – – was founded by that defection.
There eastern historians tell us that there was afterwards another invasion of Persia by the Scythians in the reign of the third & fourth kings of the second Dynasty: but the third king slew Afrasiab in the mountains of Media & the fourth king drove them drove out of all his dominions & enlarged the kingdom of Media into a great Empire And Herodotus tells us that this invasion lasted 28 years.
They say also that in the reign of the eighthseventh king of the secon first Dynasty Afrasiab invade wthwith an army of PersiansScithians invaded the Persians & slew that King. passed the river Oxus & conquered the Persians & was soon after repulsed.
The oriental historians tell us also that Afrasiab in the reign of the seventh king of the first Dynasty passed the river Oxus with an army of Scythians & conquered the Persians – – – – by the third king of the second Dynasty. But all these actions are too long for make the reign of Afrasiab too long for the course of nature. And therefore I had rather say that he invaded them but twice & that the second Dynasty was erected in upon the first in in the reign of the seventh kin in the reign of the upon the first invasion of the seventh king& conquest of Persia by the Scythians that is in the reign of the seventh of or eighth king of the first Dynasty, & that the first Dynasty fell upon the second invasion, suppose in the reign of the third or fourth king of the second Dynasty, or about
If they should distinguish Bahaman into three kings, Darius Medus, Darius Hystaspis, & Artaxerxes Longimanus, & should recon that Darius Medus was the fift king of the second Dynasty & that Hystaspes [reigned not but was the Master of the Magi] was not the grandfather but the father of Darius who reigned not beingunless otherwise thanin some respect as he was the Master & Legister of the Magi; their accounts of those times would not much differ from the accounts of the Greeks.
Others say that he was slain The Scythians from beyond the river Oxus began in those days to infest the Persians & perhaps by one of their inrodes might give occasion to the revolt.
— & perhaps this might be the kingdom wchwhich a little before before the the Assyrian Empire arose carried the Assyrians captive to Kir. They call Ardschir Diraz by the name also of Bahaman & ascribe to Bahaman the actions of Darius Medus & Darius Hystaspis, the Saracen Historians taking perhaps Diraz & Darius for the same name. For they say that Bahaman went westward – – – – – – – – for Darius Histaspis.
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and by consequence in or near the beginning of the reign of Iosiah while he was yet young & the government was in yethe hands of the High Priest & ancients of Ierusalem: at wchwhich time was Phraortes vanquished & slain by yethe Assyrians & therefore he and Arphaxad were coincident in time & so must be the one & the same king of the Medes. And for the same reason Nebuchadonosor & Chyniladan must be one & the same king of the Assyrians. For Arphaxad was slain in yethe 12th year of Nebuchadonosor according to Ieroms version of the book of Iudith out of the original Chaldea, and Phraortes was slain by 75 years before the thirty years reign of Cyrus according to Herodotus & by consequence in the year of Nabonassar 113 or yethe 13th year of Chiniladan. The difference is but a year wchwhich in the Chronology of those ancient times is inconsiderable. [Nebuchadonosor invaded Syria & Iudea in the 13th year of his reign according to the same Version of Ierome & this year fell in wthwith yethe 7th or 8th year of Iosia. And hence Iosiah in the 8th year of his reign while was yet young, began to seek after the God of David his father (2 Chron. 34.3) And in yethe 12t year of his reign being then delivered from the army of the Assyrians he began to purge Iudah & Ierusalem from Idolatry & to destroy the high places & groves & altars & images of Baalim. And in the eighteenth year of his reign when the king of Assyria died upon the death of his enemy the king of Assyria & division of the Monarchy whereby it became less formidable, he repaired the Temple & kept the greatest Passover that ever was kept. For as in the twelft year of this king of Assyria, Ægypt & all the west country of Phenicia & Syria fell off from the Assyrian Monarchy, so upon his death wchwhich was 1- years after Babylon fell off, Nabopolasseraa Polyistor apud Euseb. Chron gr. revoltinga whom Saracus the new king of Assyria had made Satrapa of that Province. aAnd thereupon the Chaldeans began a new æra of their kingdom to wchwhich Ezekiel refers in the beginning of his pProphecy where he saith: Now it came to pass in the thirtith year [that is in the 30th year of the Chaldeans] which was the fift year of Iehojakin's captivity the word of the Lord came unto me in the land of the Chaldeans.Ezek. 1.1. Ezek. 1.1.]
Phraortes was succeeded by – – – – – & expelled the rest.
In the mean time the kings of Assyria dying, was succeeded by Saracus, who made constituted Nabopolasser Satrapa of babylon. But Nabopolasser contractedNabopolassar whom the King of Saracus Assyria hi & & made had made commander of thehis forces of in Chaldea contracted affinity wthwith the Medes marrying his son Nebuchadnezzar to Amyite the daughter of Astyages the sowho was the son of Cyaxeres & Satrapa of Media & son of & revolted from the king of Assyria & together with the Medes sea invaded Assyria & beseiged & took Nineveg &beseiged Nineveh & when they had taken the entrances of the city the king or of Assyria whom Polyistor calls Saracus, burnt himself & his palace & Nebonolassar took the kingdom of the Chaldeans.‡
‡ This actionvictory the Greeks usually refer to the Medes, the Iews to the Chaldeans, Tobit Iosephus & Ctesias to both. Hence arose a new æra of the kingdōkingdom of yethe Chaldeans to wchwhich – – – –
The reign of Nabopolassar therefore began at the destruction of Nineveh & therefore Nineveh was destroyed in the year of Nabonassar 123 that being yethe first year of Nabopolassar as above according to Ptolomy's Canon, for understanding wchwhich you are to note that every kings reign in that Canon began wthwith yethe last Thoth of his predecessor & ended wthwith the last Thoth of his own reign the odd months & days of his last year being neglected in summing up the years of the K referred to yethe first year of the next king, as I gather by comparing the reigns of the Roman Emperors in the this Canon wthwith their reigns recorded in years months & days by other authors.
/Whence From the revolutionrebellion of the Chaldeans & their conquest arose a new Æra of the kingdom of the Chaldeans to wchwhich Ezekiel refers in the beginning of his Prophecy where he saith – – – land of yethe Chaldeans. Nine
veh
veh was therefore destroyed thirty years befor & the king new kingdom of the Chaldeans erected 30 years before yethe 5t year of Nabon Iehojakins captivity & by consequence in yethe 1817th year of Iosiah wchwhich was the first year of Nabopolassar as above..HereuponAnd on this occasion Iosiah in yethe 18th year of his reign repaired the Temple & kept the biggest Passover that ever was kept giving to the people for offerings 3000 Bullocks & 30000 sheep30000 of the flock besides what the people offered. cedi bles The 13th year of Chiniladon or Nebuchadonosor king of Assyria was the seventh of Iosiah. In that year Iosiah Nebuchadonosor The 7th year of Iosiah was yethe 13th of Chiniladon or Ne who who in the book of Tobit is cal Iudeth is called Nebuchadonosor. In that year according to Ieroms versions Nebuchadonosor sent Holofernes wthwith an army against the nations of Syria. And thereupon Iosiah in yethe 8th year of his reign beg while he was yet young began to seek the Lord after yethe God of David his father (2 Chron. 34.3) & in the 12th year of his reign – – – – & in yethe 18th year of his reign he rejoyced over Nineveh byupon the fall of Nineveh rejoyced by keeping a greater Passover-Feast then ever was kept by any king of Iudah.
The story of Sardanapalus agrees wthwith that of Saracus. Both were the last king of Nineveh, both were besieged by the Medes & Babylonians & upon the breaking open the city both burnt themselves wthwith theur Regalia. so& Neneveh was destroyed at both their deaths so that they are only two names of one & yethe same king. Polyhistor gives the name of Sardanapalus to yethe father of Nebuchadnezzar king of BabylonPrince king of Babylon who beseiged Saracus, & thereby makes Sardanapalus contemporary to Saracus. whereas Sardanapalus was king of Assyria & this king of Babylons name was Nabopolasser. Considering that Nineveh was destroyed in the first year of Nabopolasser & in the Ca thatthat in the Canon Nabopolasser immediately succeeded Chyiniladon, I take Saracus, & Sard& &apalus & Chynil to be the same king with Chyni& Chyiniladon to be the last king of Nineveh called also by the several names of Sarcus, Sadrdanapalus, & Nebuchadonosor, Tonos Concholeros & Nebuchadonosor.
In the 16th year of Nabonass Nabopolasser wchwhich was the 138th of NabonassarKing IosephusIerom Pharaoh Necho the successor of Psammiticus came with a great army out of Egypt against the Medes & Babylonians who had overthrown the kin Nineveh & being denyed passage through Iudea beat the Iews at Megiddo or Magdolus before Egypt – – – the kingdom of Iudah to tribute. This expedition seems to have been occasioned by thea defection of the Satrapa of Syria from yethe Chaldeans.
In the 19 year of Nabopolasser & 3d year of Iehojakim & 18th of Nabopolasser, NebuchadnezzarbBeros. assisted by Astibares king of the Medes, came wthwith an army of – – – – – as Berosus relates.
Ierusa Iudea was now in servitude under the king of Babylon being subdued in the 3d year of Iehojakim so that the first year of Nebuchadnezzars reign of Iudea was the 4th of Iehojakims (Jer 25.1). Iehojakim served him three years & then turned & rebelled against him 2 King. 24. In yethe 4th 5t & 6t year of his reign he t served the Nabopolassar having reigned 21 years died in the year of Nabonassar 144 in the end of the 6th or beginning of yethe 7th year of Iehojakim & then Nebuchadnezzar & yethe army of the Chaldeans returninged to Babylon & Iehojakim rebelled. Whereupon Nebuchadnezzar in the 8th year
198
of his reign over Iudea in the return or end of the Iewish year, that is in spring sent & beseiged Ierusalem captivated Iehojakim the son & successor of Iehojakim spoiled the Temple & carried away to Bab. the Princes craftsmen Smiths & all ytthat were fit for war & leavingwhen non remained but the poorest of the people he made Zedekiah their king. This was in summer in the year of Nabonassar 1549.
Saracus & Chyniladon being each of them kings of Assyria & yethe immediate predecessors of Nabopolasser must be one & the same king, as Usser has well observed, & the story of – – – – name was Nabopolasser. Upon all wchwhich considerations I take Chyniladon to be the last king of Nineveh to be called by the several names ofthe last king of Assyria to be called by the several names of Chyniladon, Saracus, Sardanapalus, Tonos Concholeros & Nebuchadonossor to be not several kings but only several names of yethe last king of Assyria.
415 199
How Phraortes compassed Ecbatane the Metropolis of his kingdom wthwith stone walls broad & high suitable to his new dominions victories conquests of Persia & Susa & after 22 years reign was slain by the routed & slain by yethe Assyrians & how his son Cyaxesres reigned 40 years & in yethe beginning of his reign routed yethe Assyrians & was opprest by an great inundation of Scythians but after 28 years slew the Scythians & by the help of the Babylonians desttroyed Nineveh was described above. The greatness & fall of the Empire of Nineveh & its fall described at at large by Ezekiel chap 31 & The great slaughter of the Assyrians at the destruction of Nineveh of the Assyrians at the destruction of Nineveh & of the Persians & Scythians by the Medes is thus described by Ezekiel by the hand of the Medes & Assyrians in thos wars is thus described by Ezekiel Ashur is there [viztvidelicet in Hades or the Pit Pit] & all her company his graves are about him all of them slain fallen by yethe sword &c – wchwhich caused terror in the land of the living. There is Elam & all [or Persia] & all her multitude her graves are round about her grave: all of them slain fallen by yethe sword wchwhich are gone down uncircumcised into yethe nether parts of yethe earth wchwhich caused their terror in the land of the living, yet have they born their shame wthwith them that go down into yethe pit &c There is Meshech Tubal & all her multitude her graves are round about him all of them uncircumcised slain by yethe sword though they caused their terror in the land of the living Ezek 32.22, 24, 26. By theiis passage it appears that the Persians were lords of their own country causing their terror in the land of yethe living untill the Medes conquered them & that they were conquered wthwith a great slaughter whereby their power was broken like that & they were brought into subjection by yethe Medes & remained so till yethe prophesy of Ezekiel & by consequence till yethe reign yethe reign of Cyrus who set them above the Medes. /
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In the 16th year of N last year of Iosias king of Iudah, wchwhich was the 16th year pf Nabopolasser & 138 of Nabonasser, Pharaoh Necho the successor of Psammiticus came wthwith a great army out of Egypt against the king of Assyria (2 King 23) & therefore the Nineveh was not yet destroyed, For by the kingdon of Assyria the sScripture always understands that whose kingdom whose Metropolis wasthe king of the Assyrians who reigned at Nineveh. Pharaoh Necho being denyed passage to tribute But Nineveh was destroyed within a year In yethe 17th year or two after. For Pharaoh Necho being denyed passage through Iudea beat the Iews at Megiddo or Magdolus before Egypt slew Iosiah their king, marched to Carchemish Cercutius a town of Mesopotamia upon Euphrates & took it – – – Iudah to tribute And in the 18th year of Nabopolasser & 3d of Iehojakingm, wchwhich was the 140th of Nabonasser – – – – apperteined to him from the river of Egypt to the river of Euphrates [– – – – Teredon. [From all wchwhich I gather that Nineveh was destroyed before this expedition of by Nebuchadnezzar & Assuerus into Syria, & that they made this expedition soon afte before they made the expedition into Syria, & by consequence in yethe 17th or beginning of yethe 18th year of Nabopolassar. Berosus in describing th And it seems to me that when they made this expedi invaded Assyria the king of Egypt invaded the dominions of the Assyrians upon Euphrates, that Iosias being tributary to the Assyrians, out of fidelity to his Master opposed the passage of yethe Egyptians, & that as soon as the Medes & Chaldeans had destroyed Nineveh they made this expedition went against the king of Egypt.] Berosus in describing these things saith, that the father of Nebuchadnezzar hearing that he who had beenwas appointed Satrapa of Egypt & Phenicia had revolted (he means Pharaoh Necho) be being old sent his son Nebuchadnezzar wthwith part of his army agtagainst the rebel & reduced the country to obedience. And whilst Nebuchadnezzar was acting in syria his father Nabopolasser died in Syria the 21th year of his age reign – – – – – Teredon. From all wchwhich I gather that Nineveh was destroyed in the by Nebuchadnezzar & Assuerus before they made their expedition into syria & by consequence in the 17th or beginning of yethe 18th year of Nabopolasser. And it seems to me that when they invaded Syria Assyria – – – went against the king of Egypt.
– of S their gold. For the Medes before they conquered Lydi the kingdom of Crœsus had no money. For Herodotus tells us that the Lydians were the first (so far as he could find) who coyned mœney & that when Crœsus was deliberating whether he shouldpreparing to invade Cyrus, a certain Lydian called Sandaris advised Crœsus that he was preparing an expedition against a nation who were cloathed wthwithin leatherbreeches & other, who eat not such victuals as they would but such as their barren country afforded, who drank no wine but water only, who eat no figgs nor other good meat, who had nothing to lose but might get much from yethe Lydians, For the Persians, saith Herodotus, before they conquered the Lydians had nothing dainty rich or valuable. to lose But the Lydians & Phrygians coyned money & were exceeding rich even to a proverb. Midas & Crœsus, saith Pliny, in infinitum possederant – – till after the conquest of Sthe conquest of Sardes, & some timeyearstime longer, so as to coyne the gold of the Lydia Asia minor into Daries.
I The Poet tells us further that dissentioninjuring one another & discord had destroyed Magnetia & Colophon & Smyrna (cities of the LydiaIonia & Phrygia) & would destroy the Greeks. soWhich is as much as to say that those cities were already conquered by the Medes, the contentionpride & injuriousness & dissention of the citizens facilitating the conquest, & that Greece was in danger by reason of the same vices meanes.
The Medes therefore reigned till the taking of Sardes. And further according to Xenophon Iosephus & the Scriptures they reigned till the taking of Babylon. For Xenophon tells us – – – Medes were uppermost
That Darius was king of the Medes & took Babylon is confirmed also by Iosephus, who – – – – days of Iosephus.
417 207
– & destroyed Nineveh
– untill the reign of Cyrus. – – – – –
Before After
– – – And since the Medes did not conquer the Persians till after the ninth year of Nebuchadnezzar & it gives us occasion to enquire what that active warrior was doing Cyaxeres was doing in the first nine years ten years next after his conquest of Nineveh.
And Herodotus tells that he presently after that conquest he drove out of his kingdom the remainder of the Scythians & who had reigned in Asia 28 years & made them retire into Scythia through the regions between the Caspian & Euxine seas & warred wthwith Alyattes king of Lydia five years conquering all the regions as far between them as far as the river Halys. For so far the Empire of the Assyrians had extended. And that in the sixt year giving battel to the Lydians. The battel was ended e in the time of a battel the two armies were parted by a total Eclips of the Sun wchwhich turned day into night & frighted the armies. And this Eclips fell upon was predicted by Thales & turned day into happened in the year of Nabonasser 1947, 15 in [the 9th year of Iehojakim] Apr 28 at 7 between 8 and 9 ty of the clock in the morning. And therefore this six year war began in the fourth year of Iehojakim, the very same year in which Nebuchadnezzar came against Pharaoh Nechaoh & invaded Syria. These two kings therefore as soon as they had taken & destroyed Nineveh expelled the Scythians & then went westward & seized all the western Provinces of the Assyrians in Cappadocia, Cilicia Armenia, ~ Pontus, Cappadocia Syria & Palestine.
Afterwards in the eleventh year of Iehojakins captivity or nineteenth of – – – – – – wchwhich Cyaxeres made in conquering those countries. And Per Elam or Persia was conquered afterwards between the by the Medes b after the ninth & before the nineteenth year of Nebuchadnezzar. And therefore we cannot err much if we place this conquest in the 12th or 123th year of Nebuchadnezzar, [& that of Parthia with the slaughter of Meshe & Tubal within two or three years after]
After these things Nebuchadnezzar – – – – –
– – – 72 years after the destruction of Nineveh. And therfore being then at his death 670 years old according to Herodotus, he was born in the year of Nabonassar 149, his mother Mandane being the sister of Cyaxerxes, at that time a young man, & also thise sister of Amyite the wife of Nebuchadnezzar. [And Darius nine two nine years before being 672 years old was born in yethe same year of Nabonassar 148 the year after the great Eclips & the marriage between Astyages the son of Cyaxeres & Ariene the daughter of Alyalles king of Lydia. And perhaps he might be their son, & not the immediate son but of Cyaxeres but his grandson. For his father A Astyages must have been dead some years before the taking of Babylon.]
A but Yet it's possible that Nabonnidus might be the son of Evilmerodach & Nitocris & in calling him the son of Nebuchadnezzar it may be understood that he was his grandson. For this is more consonant to yethe Prophecy that all nations should serve Nebuchadnezzar & his son & his sons son till the time of his land should come. Ier. 27.
And then the two kings made peace by the mediation of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon & Syannesis king of Cilicia & the peace was ratified by a marriage between Astyages the son of Cyaxeres & Ariene the daughter of Alyattes. The six-years began therefore in the 142th year of Nabonassar wchwhich was the 4th year of Iehojakim the very same year in wchwhich Nebuchadnezzar came against Pharaoh Nechaoh & invaded Syria.
Hic Lybiam vivit a se Ammoriam dictam & populum illum ab agresti vita ac civilem reduxit. Hic etiam
Yet it possible that Nitocris might be the wife of Evilmerodach, & Belthasser there son, suposing Nebuchadnezzar above 72 years old when he died
Saracus, the name of the last king, seems to have been compounded of the word name Assar & some other name, & might be a part of perhaps come from the name Asserha Asser-hadon, or Asser-hadon-pul by corruption.
For after the conquest of Greece they Romans conquered Carthage & then united with the kingdom of Pergamus, inheriting that kingdom with all Asia on this side the mountain Taurus , by the last Will & Testament of Attalus the last king thereof. And in their power the last king of Pergamus grew mighty. And then the kingdom of Pergamus grew mighty but not in its own power. For this united dominion of Rome & Pergamus for the Greeks & Latines carried on its conquests over Dalmatia, by degrees over Spain, Dalmatia, Syria, Gallia, Egypt Britain & Dacia, & reigned over all these countries untill the revolt of Dacia
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The lower part of Egypt – – – – – expulsion of the Shepherds.
And as the Thebans deified their kings so the Syrians & Pheniciansat the same time in those days deified theirs. For when David smote Hadadezer – – – – sepulchre for a Temple
So also the Phenicians in those days deified their kings – – – – – Temple to Venus hospita.
The countries upon the Nile & Tigris being exceeding fertile were first frequented by mankind & grew first into kingdoms & therefore first began to adore their kings. But these kingdoms were little ones in the beginning & every kingdom worshipped only its own kings untill they conquered one another, & by conquest promoted the worship of their Gods. And the founders & enlargesenlargers of the later kingdoms becoming more potent
And the Greeks
– one generation before the Argonautic expedition. Atlas the son of Neptune reigned over was not only Lord of the Island Atlantis, but reigned over a great part of Afric giving his name to yethe Atlantij & to the mountain Atlas & the Atlantic ocean. And both he & his father are represented in the fables of the Gods to have invaded to warred wthwithuponmade war upon the Gods of Egypt: as where Lucian saith that Corinth being full of fables tells the fight of Sol & Neptune that is of Orus & Typon or Apollo & Python & where Agatharcides relates how the Gods of Egypt fled from yethe Giants till the Titans came [that is some of the sons of Titæa] came in & saved them by putting Neptune to flight, & where Hyginus tells the war between the Gods of Egypt & the Titans commanded by Atlas. The Titans are the posteri&ty grandsons of Titæa, some of wchwhich under Hercules assisted the Gods, others under Neptune & Atlas warred against them., & therefore the Egyptians Priests of Egypt abominated the sea & had Neptune in no honour. The outmost parts of the earth & promontories & whatever bordered upon the sea & was washed by it the Egyptians called Neptys. And on the coasts of Marmorica & Cyrene Bochart & Arius Montanus place the Naphtuim, a people sprung from Mizraim Gen.10.13. And thence Neptune & his wife Neptys might hadve their names. But I suspect ytthat His proper name was might be Antæus. For Osiris Diodors tells us that Osiris left the government of Libya to Antæus
&
& Pindar tells us that Iraca was the royal city o (a town where Cyrenae was afterwards built() was the royal city of Antæus, & others contend the dominion of Antæus to yethe straits mouth saying that he built Tingis or Tangiers. In the civil wars between the captains of Sesostris, he was several times beaten & at length slain in Afric by that Egyptian Hercules who in those warrs came to yethe assistance of the Gods of Egypt.was beaten in Egypt neare the city Antæa by that Hercules who came to the assistance of the God. And the same Hercules op invaded him afterwards in Afric & there beat him several times & slew him & tooke the & tooke the world from his son Atlas & restored it to him upontill he payed tribute out of the Gardens of the Hesperides/
But the history of thise ages being wrapt up in poetical fables, I forbear to conjecture at it any further are obscure & doubtfull./ The city Antæa or Antæopolis in Egypt had it/ he invaded Egypt; for he was beaten there& slain there by Hercules in the days of Osiris & Isis. The battel was thus neare the City Antæa or Antæopolis so named from him. And the same Hercules invaded Afric & took the world from Atlas till he m& made him pay tribute out of the gardens of the Hesperides.
Now– & was contemporary to Sesostris The Cretans affirmed that Neptune was the first who set out a fleet having obteined this prefecture of Saturn [the father of Iupiter Neptune & Pluto] whence posterity recconed thisngs prefecture of Saturn done in the sea to be under his government & mariners honoured him with sacrifices. And since he was one generation older then the Argonauts he must be contemporary to Sesostris & by consequence the he must be this Admiral of Egypt his Admiral. He was first deified in Afric as Herodotus affirms & therefore reigned over that Province. For his eldest son Atlas who succeeded him reigned was not only lord of the Island Atlantis, but also reigned over a great part of Afric giving his name to
419
Aristæus who named Autonoe the daughter of Cadmus & therefore was about thre generations older then yethe Argonauts was born & educated in Libya his mother Cyrene being carried thither from Greece & got wthwith child, as was pretended, by Apollo & From thence he carriedbrought into Greece the inventions of making cheese & orderingbee hives bee hives & honey & planting Olive yards & making oyle & of observing & determining the solsticies by the heliacal risings & setting of the stars. ( Diodor l. 4. p. 195. Iustin l. 13. c. 7.) ATherefore Atlas an Ægyptian who [governed Libya [a little before the Argonautic expedition & whose daughter Calypso outlived the Trojan war] who was about one generation older then yethe Argonauts & governed Liyba then a Province of Ægypt & was a sayler skilled in Philosophy Astronomy & Navigation, made a spære & in memory thereof is painted with a sphære upon his back. But the asterisms of the Egyptians A And the Greeks soon followed his example. For Chiron the master of Iason delineated the Asterisms & Musæus the son of Eumolpus & master of Orpheus was the first among the Greeks who made a sphere. But the Asterisms of the Greeks were different from those of the Egyptians & Libyans. These things might be done by Chiron This sphære seems to have been made & Musæus while the ship Argo was building the sphere being made for yethe use of the Argonauts: for the st Asterisms were at first delineated for the use of Navigation. The people of the Island Corcyra attributed the invention of the spphere to Nausicae the daughter of Alcinous king of yethe Pheaces in that Islandking of the Pheaces in that Island: & she might learn it from the Argonauts who in their return home. sailed to that Island & made some stay there ,wthwith her father Alcinous being then king of of the place Sophocles tells us that Palamedes – – – –
✝ And s accordingly the Greekes made an placeobservatory in yethe Island SyrosSyria for observing the solsticesSyros, wchwhich Homer calleds the Sun's Tropic Heliotropus the Sun's Tropics. Odys. l. 15.
Now recconing with Astronomers that that the Equinox goes backward one degree in about 72 years & by consequence 4 degrees in 288 years & 7 degrees in 504 years & counting these years backward from the year of Nabonassar 316, the recconing will end in yethe 45 years after yethe death of Solomon. And therefore we are to place yethe Argonautic Expedition about that time. In 216 years yethe Equinox goes back 3 degrees, According to this recconing the solstice was in yethe 12th degree of Cancer from the 15 Olymp. 15 to Olymp. 33. & in yethe 11th degree from Olymp 33 to Olymp 51. And therefore if Thales was born ain 1 Olymp 35 as is usually supposed, the solstice thenwhen he began to observe was removed from yethe 12th into yethe 11th degree. But
Erecthonius was nursed up by the daughters of Cecrops & therefore about two generations younger then Cecrops & by consequence of yethe same age wthwith Erectheus.
Erechtheus beingor Erechthonius being said to be nursed up by yethe daughter of Cecrops [& therefore being by consequence being] was about 2 generations younger then Cecrops. [& Celeus being two generations younger then Cranaus, &] [whereas we said above that he was two generations & a reign younger contemporary to Celeus who was two generations who was two generations younger then Cranaus yethe successor Cecrops. & a reign younger. To reconcile this we may suppose Celeus about 10 years younger then Cecrops & Erectheus & Erec Cecrops about Cranaus about 1 & Erechtheus about 6 years younger then Cranaus. But Erechtheus might be 5 or 10 years younger th older then Cranaus, & who But Erechtheus might be 5 or 10 years older then Cranaus Celeus. & Cecrops not above 5 or 10 years older then Cranaus Let us suppose him about 64 years younger then Cecrops, & Cecrops will be about 340 years old at the death of Eli. He reigned first in Crete, built Athens, & made a law sent Argus to Sicily & Libya for corn & made a law for joyning one man & one woman in matrimony] & that Celeus might be two generations & a reign younger then Cecrops (as above), we may suppose CeleusErectheus 5 or 10 years youngerolder then CecropsCeleus, & about 760 or 765 years youngeryounger then Cecrops, & by this recconing Cecrops consequence Cecrops about 40 years old at the death of Eli. He came from Sais in Ægypt reigned first in Cyprus & then in Crete, & then succeeded at Athens in Attica & built Athens calling it Cecropia & sent Argus to Sicily & Libya for corn, & made a law for joyning one man & one woman in marriage, & set up the worship of Iupiter Ithe supreme God Io or Iove I whom yethe Latines call Iupiter.laws & erected an altar on wchwhich he sacrificed an Ox to the God who is called God by yethe name Ieuo ② In Coronis, afterwards called Salamis, a city of Cyprus, the ar theyinhabitants erected a Temple to his daughter Agraules & annually sacrificed a man to her till the times of Diomedes as Porphyry relates. ①Before his days the men & weomen of Attica lived promiscuously together & like beasts without marriage & children knew not their fathers only who were their mothers, but he made a law of joyning one man & one woman in marriage whereby children knew both parents.
wchwhich were chief Officers of the Temple next in dignity to the two Catholikim as the Catholikim were next in dignity to the High Priest & his deputy. The two catholikim were Secretaries & Treasurers to yethe High Priest & prepared all publick acts & accounts to be signed & sealed by h him. These are here represented by the two flaming eyes of they
– the seven chief Officers. And as the Amarcholim are represented by the seven Eyes of the Lamb & by yethe seven lamps burning in the seven golden candlesticks so the two Catholikim are represented by the two flaming eyes of the son of Man & by the two lam answer to yethe two lamps wchwhich may be conceived to burn in the two candlesticks. Apoc 11. These were secretaries & treasurers & prepared all publick Acts & Accounts to be passed signed & sealed by yethe h. Priest.
Herodotus reports that it was a tradition of the Greeks that the progenitors of Acrisius were Egyptians & had the kingdom of the Dores delivered to them.Herod. l 6. p 429 [he built Larissa so called from Larissa the daughter of Pelasgus &] & Arnobius calls sayes that Phoroneus was an Egyptian, & reccons him one of the first who built a Temple.
For Chiron who was emi very eminent for wisdom & iustice, being reported the first among yethe Greeks, who led mankind to iustice: teaching them the forms of oaths & propitia-tory sacrifices, was as eminent for for wisdom & ory sacrificesFormed Χρατα Ολύρτον the constellations Asterisms. And From his præcepts Ææcus who married his daughter Endedis learnt the iustice for wchwhich he is so famous. And Hippo another of his daughters of Chiron taught her husband Æolus a navigator the contemplation of nature & pre was reputed to presage things by yethe rising of yethe stars. (Veterus apud Clement. Alexande Strom l 1. p. 306. He was the master of Iason, the chief of the Argonauts & & Musæus the son of Eumolpus &was master of Orpheus made a sphere & one of theanother Argonaut & was also himself an Argonaute & made a sphere for his fellow sailors & is reputed the first among the Greeks who made one; that is he deli made a sp celestiall sphere upon wchwhich he delineated the Asterisms of Chiron. For the form of the terrestrial sphere was not yet known for Greeks ha Egyptians Phenicians & Greeks having hitherto sailed only upon the coasts of yethe red sea & Mediterranean. But it is to be conceived that the Asterisms of the Greeks invented by Chiron were different from those of the Libyans & Ægyptians invented by Atlas, & that Chiron invented them & Musæus drew them upon a a globe while the ship Argo was building: not sooner because that ship was one of yethe Asterisms nor later because Chiron was at that time very ancient being born in the golden age & being the grandfather of yethe Argonauts Peleus & Telamon & the great grandfather of Achilles & Ajax & Teaucer. The sphere was therefore made for the use of yethe Argonauts. For in those days Navigation was the principal end of Astronomythat they might know the better how to saile by the stars. For it was navigation that put the ancients upon studying the stars & made the greatest Navigators the best Astronomers forming the Asterismsreducing them into Asterisms The people
The High Priest of the Iews & his deputy the Iagan had next under then two Secretaries called Catholikim or Priests who were Treasurers Secretaries who kept accompt of the treasure& treasurers & prepared all publick acts & accounts relating to the treasury to be passed by the H. Pr. & seven Amarcholim who were also Priests & officers of the like & equal authority honour & authority & had jointlythe Oversight of the charge of the Sanctuary the keys of the seven locks wchwhich were upon every gates of the Temple & those also of the Tem tresuries & the direction appointment & oversight of all things in the Temple. And Iewish se next under them were two treasurers or receivers of the publick money who received & disposed of such summs as were brought in for the service of the Temple. And the Iewish service began every morning with the sounding of of Trumpets opening of the Temple & killing of the morning sacrifice together & dressing of the Lamps immediately after. The lamps were drest by the Priests in their lotts & on the first of the seventh month & seven days before by the High Priest. And in allusion to all this Iohn hears a great voice as of a Tr– – – – – like ambar or fine shining brass as if the burned in a furnace
– exhortations to the seven Angels if the Churcheswchwhich Angels were chief Priests because they came out of – – – – chief Officers. The High Priest & his Deputy had next under them two Catholikim & seven Amarcholim [wchwhich are here in this Prophecy represented by yethe two flaming eyes of yethe son of Man & by the seven starrs under in his right hand, f The Amcholikim were ]& two treasurers & under them were divers other Officers all wchwhich being under the High Priest are to be referredbelong to his to his mystical body. The two Catholikim were Priests & who were Secretaries & Treasurers & Priests & prepared all acts & accounts relating to the treasury to be signed & sealed by the H. Priest & wthwith the two under Treasurers are here represented by the two eyes of the great H. Priest yethe son of Man. The seven Amarcholim are her were Priests & Officers of like & equal honour & authority & next in dignity to the Catholikim. They had the oversight & charge of the sanctuary & the keys of seven locks wchwhich were upon every gate of yethe Temple & those also of the treasuries & the direction appointment & oversight of all things in the Temple & are here represented by the seven stars in the right hand of the son of Man, & by the seven eyes of the Lamb.
The synagogues of the Iews had were so framed as to bear a resemblance of the temple of the Iews. [In the Priest Court sat yethe Sanhedrin or court of 70 Elders some of them Elders oth Priests others not, & this was the highest court of Iudicature among the Iews. In the eastern gate of the peoples court sat the people]
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The ancientsaa Dionys Peri– eg. distinguished Africa from Asia by the river Nile & accordingly made two sorts of Ethiopians the eastern & the western
So Homer 'Αιθίοπας, Τὸι διχθὰ δεδάιαται ἔοχατοι ἀνδρῶν,
Οἰ ηὲν δυσοηένο Υπερίονος, ὀι δ' Ἀνιοντος.
Extremos hominem Æthiopas, geminisque diremptos
Partibus, hi qua sol cadit, & qua tollitur illi.
On the Eastern or Arabic side of
For thebDiodorus l. 3. c. 1 meadows on both sides yethe Nile above Egypt were very fertile after yethe manner of Egypt & were inhabited by Ethiopians the inhabitants of those meadows & of the islands of yethe Nile were Blacks flat faced, wthwith curled hair & shril voices. & besides these there were other Ethiopic nations at a dis Beyond the rivers were B meadows on both sides were barren regions & beyond those diverse other Ethiopic nations at a distance from yethe Nile on both sides
The Ancients distinguished — tollitur illi.
On the eastern or Arabic side of the Nile from yethe less Cataract up to Meroe & beyond it were the Arabic Ethiopians called Megalars & Blemmyes & in scripture Chus. Iuba makes them o calls them Arabians. And over against them on the other side the Nile at some distance fro from Egypt were the Libians & particularly the Nubians or Abyssines called Lud, a nationThe Nubians were anciently divided into many little kingdoms under kings of their own & frequently warred wthwith the Arabian Ethiopians for one anothers territories. These two sorts of Ethiopians were the Ancients sometimes distinguished bycc Diodor l. 3. c. 1. Strabo Geog. l. 17. p 822. B. calling them Ethiopians & Lybians
insomuch that its difficult to find above two or three together in due order of time. Their names –are Viceroys & some only several names of the same king. There are seldome above two or three kings set together in due order of time Which makes it which makes it difficult to conclude any things from them of certainty from them further then that Menes the first king Menes th was later then Moses And even the first king Menes whom by these Canons could not be above 300 years older then Sesak w we have shewn to be later then Moses we shall hereafter shew to be later then Solomon or Sesak.
According toBy these Dyansties there were several — Sesostris. But the kings in these Dynasties are not so ancient still of a later date, for Menes the first king was later then Solomon as we shall shew hereafter
They consist of many names
— & the same king is named several times. T to make up a shew of many kings, the Priests of Egypt affecting therebyby naming many kings & adding Dyby a multitude of kingsnasty to Dynasty to make their nation look very ancient. If any ByAccording to these Dynasties set in order as above there were in the time of the Iudges of Israel many kingdoms in Egypt all wchwhich united befor into one Monarchy before the reign of Sesostris. But if the Kings be reduced into dBut whether those kingdoms were so ancient as the Dynasties make them may be doubted ForAnd by further examining the order of the kings we shall find hereafter that several kings named before Sesostris and particularreigned after who are Sesostris who in the Dynasties are named before him & particularly Menes the first king in was a later king.
these
The Europeans had no Chronology – – in Europe.
All nations have been prone – – – 15 years a piece. A gener In the succession of a family from father to son, [recconing by the eldest & d sons a generation may be commonly about 265 years, by the youngest sons 49 about 48 by the48 or 50 one wthwith another about 34 or 355. And recconing by the eldest daughts one with another about 27 or 28 years] the generations by the daughters are shorter then by the sons & those by the elder sons are shorter then those by the younger. The generations by the sons taken one wthwith another may be commonly about 34 or 35 years a piece or three Generations to an hundred years, but the reigns of kings are shorter. The eldest son succeeds the father & Brothers often succeed one another & sometimes an older sometimes were of equ kings are slain or deposed & succeeded by others of an equal or greater age, wchwhich makes their reigns usually but about 20 or 2or 21 years a piece one wthwith another & in elective Monarchies the reigns one wthwith another are still shorter. But the ancients in the time of the Persian & Greek Empires when they endeavoured to began to reduce times past to a Chronological account, recconinedg about 20 years three reigns to an hundred year 33 years or above to a reign 100 years to yethe reigns of 3 Kings & thereby raised the times of Cadmus, the Argonauts & the Trojan war much too high. In orour recco Whereas by the instances above mentioned an hundred years is enough for five the reigns of five kings one wthwith another.
Now in the kingdom of the Spartans after Menelaus the brother of Agame husband of Helena reigned successively Orestes & Tesamenus & after them two races of fifteen kings in each race untill the reign of Darius Histaspis. The sixteaenth king in one race (excluding Tisamenes) was Clomenes & in yethe other race Demaratus. Cleomenes & Demaratus were contemporary to Darius Histaspis so that by a double recconing there were 17 reigns or successions of kings between the death of Menalaus & the beginning of the reign of Darius wchwhich by recconing 20 years a piece to each reign one wthwith another amount to 340 years wchwhich counted backwards from yethe beginning of the reign of Darius place the dethdeath of Menelausbeginning of the reign of Orestes about 820 years after the death of Solomon. And if At wchwhich rate yethe Trojan war will begin be long90 or 100 years after the death of Solomon the Chronologers usually place it 200 years before.
Again, form Æsculapius to Hippocrates inclusively are recconed 18 male generations by the fater'sfather's side & 19 g from Hercules to EsculapiusHippocrates incl. are recconned 19 generations by the mothers side. And because these generations being noted & remembred were most probably offor yethe most part by the principal of the family & for the most part by the eldest sons; if we may reccon about 28 or 30 years to a generation, & thus the 17 intervals by the fathers side will amount to about 500 years & the 18 by the mathers will amount to about 5010 wchwhich counted backwards from the middle of the reign of Artaxerxes Longinanus in wchwhichwhen Hippocrates flourished, will reach up to yethe 26th year after the death of Solomon. And therefore Æsculapius & Hercules (whose sons were at the Trojan war) flourished about that time & the Trojan war (wchwhich was one age later) was about 60 years after the death of Solomon. And there we shall hereafter place it by other recconings more exact. / So then Greece continued divided into many small governments till after the days of Solomon & if we sholduld suppose the T Argonautic expedition & reign of Theseus 30 or 35 years older, & the rapture of Europa & voyage of Cadmus 80 9or 90 or 95 years older then that expedition & Cecrops & Phoroneus a ge & Lycaon a generation or two older then Cadmus, yet the first building of Cities in Europe & the uniting them into little polities & the first use of letters would scarce be older then the days of Samuel David3 & Saul2 & Samuel1.
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From Romulus to yethe Consuls reigned seven kings whose reign after yethe being recconed one wthwith another at 20 years a piece one wthwith another will amount totake up 140 years to yethe of before yethe first Consul Iunius Brutus & according to this recconing Rome will be founded An 1 Olymp. 33 wchwhich is just 600 years before yethe reign of Iulius Cæsar as Iulian in Saturnalibus puts it & about 33485 years after the captivity of the ten Tribes. So late was it before the cities of Italy united into common governments towns of Italy were walled & united into common governments.
If By the same way of recconing the 14 Kings of the Latines between the death Æneas & the building of Rome will take 280 years more & & so place the death of Æneas about 545 years after the death of Solomon Whence the war & taking of Troy wchwhich was is usually recconed above 200 years olderearlier then the death of Solomon will severalbe 40 or 4 50 years later then his death.
Chronologers make the taking of Troy & the other antiquities of the Greeks & Latines above mentioned much ancienter then we do, but
While theref
But for rectifying the Chrology of the ancient times it is to be observed that the Europeans — in Europe.
It is further to be observed that all nations — 15 years a piece. In five kings one wthwith another, & in elective Monarchies for six or seven.
So in the elective Kingdom of the Latines before the ConsulsRomans, it may be enou an hundred years or an hundred & ten years may be a reasonable allowance for the reign of the seven kings before yethe Consuls, especially since all of them besides Numaeither died violent deaths except Numa or were deposed except Numa. And according to this recconing Numa who was a PhilōpherPhilosopher might live after Thale Pherecides Thales & Pythagoras had brought Philosophy into Europe. And if for in the successive hereditary Kingdom of the Latines the 14 Kings King between the death of Æneas & the building of Rome allowing them 21 years a piece one wthwith another will take up 1294 more & so place the death of Æneaaso about 70 or 80 years after the death of Solomon. Whence the taking of Troy will be 60 or 70 years after later then the death of Solomon.
Again about 103 years after the death of Solomon – At wchwhich rate the Taking of Troy will be 80 or 90 years after yethe death of Solomon
Again from Æsculapius — Samuel Saul & David.
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The old cities of Greece formed their year of 12 & 13 lunar months nately whence arose the Dieteris.. LCensorinus cap. 18. Herod. l 1 & 2.
The Calendar months were anciently of 30 days, afterwards of 30 & 29 alternately. Geminus pag. 115
In every Εζηαιδεηαέτνρις they added three days Geminus
The Sicilians & yethe rest of yethe Greeks to make their Calenders agree wthwith yethe Sun & Moon, add or subduct a day or two yethe month. Cicero in Verre & apud Petav. D. T. p. 11
Menses Græcorum erant Lunares. Geminus Plutarch in Solone & apud Petav. p. 4. c 2
Men Annus Græcorum respondebal tempestatibus Geminus. Herod l. 1 & 2
Tres meuses intercalares in annis octo. Solinus c. 3. Macrob. l. 1. c. 13
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Theras the sonUncle & Tutor of Eurysthenes & Procles was the son of Autesion the son of Tisamenes the son of Thersander, the son of Polynices the son of Oedipus the son of Laius the son of Labdacus the son of Polydorus the son of Cadmus. Eurythenes & Procles led the Heraclides into Peloponnesus, Thersander was slain in the Trojan war & Polynices & his brother Eteocles slew one another in the Trojan war of the seven captains against Thebes about ten years after the Argonautic expedition. Oedipus in his youth ignorantly slew his father Laius & & a littlesome time after married his mother Iocasta the daughtersister of Creon & succeed in the kingdom & between the reigndeath of Laius & reign of Oedipus, Creon administred the kingdom for Iocasta, & in the reign of Creon Hercules the son of Alcmena was born. Polydorus married Nicteis the daughter of Nicteus – – – – destruction of Troy.
Cadmus pretended to come into Europe in quest of his sister Europa but really came with his family & a great number of Phenicians & Arabians> to seek new seats – – – – may be placed in the year next after the conquest of their country by David it will fall upon the 17th year of Davids reign – – – – – – great Bacchus called Osiris by the Egyptians was later then Cadmus.
We are told by Herodotus Pliny Solinus Isidorus & others that the Phenicians & others came
The Phenicians came from the red sea a little before the Herod. l.rapture of Io, suppose upon the conquest of Edom by David or about the 112th or 16th year of his reign. And some of them mixing with thethe Philistims they took Sidonin ans they[& with with the Sidonians began presently to sail as far as Greece.] At that time Tyre was either founded or new fortified by a body of men who fled from Sidon, & made Abibalus & A & thence Tyre is called the daughter of Sidon. The Sidonians thenceforward traded upon the mediterranean as far as Greece & the greater Syrtes But the Tyrians traded ption within the time of David & Solomon & the following kings of Iudah traded upon the red sea. untill the reign of Ioram the son of Iehosaphat. And then Edom revolting the Tyrians left the red sea & soon after began to trade upon the mediterranenmediterranean going to remoter places not yet possest by the Zidonians. At that time Pygmaleon reigned in Typre & his sister& Teucer in Cyprus & Dido fled from her brother Pygmaleon with a body of Tyrians & built Carthage, & soon after the Tyrians sailed toas far as the straits mouth & beyond, bu & in Gadir or Cales built a Temple in Gadir or Cales to the Tyrian Hercules & therein dedicated the golden belt of Teucer & the golden Olive of Pygmaleon bearing Smaragdine fruit. And because the Tyrians traded not on the mediterranean till after the Trojan war, they are not mention Homer is silent about them & celebrates only the Sidonians & their arts.
Strabo mentioning the first men who leaving the sea coasts ventured out into the deep & undertook long voyages mentions Bacchus Hercules Iason Ulysses & Menelaus & that – – – – – Teucer then reigning in Cyprus.
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Cadmus was the father of Polydorus the father of Labdacus the father of Laius, the father of Oedipus, the father of Polynices the father of Thersander the father of Polynices Tisamenes the father of Auterion the father of Theras the Uncle & Tutor of Eurysthenes & Procles who led the Heraclides into Peloponnesus. Thersander was slain in the Trojan war, Polynices & his brother Eteocles in their youth slew one another in the war of the seven captains againagainst Thebes about ten years after the Argonautic expedition. Oedipus in his youth igmorantly slew his father Laius & soon after married his mother Iocasta suppose about 44 years before the said Theban war & 8 or 10 years after the death of Solomon, & soon after married his mother Iocasta the sister of Creon & succeed in the kingdom of Thebes & between the death of Laius & reign of Oedipus Creon administred the kingdom for Iocasta, & in the reign of Creon Hercules the son of Alcmena was born, suppose about 12 or 14 years after the death of Solomon. And if that Oedipus when he sleOedipus was about 18 or 20 years old when he slew his Ffather & the three generations preceding Oed the birth of Oedipus we allow about 23 or 24 years a piece, Polydorus might be born about the beginning of Davids reign. Polydorus married Nicteis the daughter of Nicteus – – – – – great Bacchus, called Osiris by the Egyptians, was later then Cadmus.
The red sea being very shallow – – – – had also a navy on the Red sea 1 King 10.11,22. When the Edomites were driven – – – – – later then the corruption of Niobe.
Strabo mentioning the first men who leaving the sea coasts – – – – – – – – Teucer then reigning in Cyprus.
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1 The Iupiter of Crete whose worship the Idæi Dactyli introduced in Crete was a Phænician God. For he was worshipped adt Gaza in Pialestine by the name of Marnas wchwhich signifies, The Lord of men, They Idæi Dactyli pretended that they hid him from his father & danced about him in armour that his father might not hear him cry. And the Apollodorus calls some tatookinge him to be Epaphus the son of Io, &yet says that yethe Curetes hid him in Syria & that he was there educated by the wife of the king of Byblus whence its prōbleprobable that he was worshippied at Byblus. The stone wchwhich his father devoured instead of in his stead is called a Bætylus or Bethel that is a Syrian word which signifies a Gods-house. These Bethe Bætyls were at first rude stones, that they shaped themlike Iacobs pillar, afterwards they were shaped round or square & worshipped them as the houses of their God or bodies of their Gods. Damascius going to yethe top of mount Libanus saw there many of these round Bætyls scatte lying scattered on yethe By the name of the stones & the places where they were made & worshipped y & the education of this Iupiter at Byblus & worship at Gaza a city at yethe foot of mount Libanus & by his worship also at Gaza you maty know that yethe story of this God came from Phænicia.
3 As the Idæi Dactiyli set up the worship of this IuIupiter in Crete so the Corybantes set up the worship of his mother Rhea in Phrygia, From the places where she was worshipped& in like &manner danced in armour in her sacrifices She was called by various names as CybeleRhea Magna Mater, Mater Deorum, AgdestisMater montana, Dea Phrygia Cybele, Dea Pessinuntia,Idæi Dea Phrygia & from the places where she was worshipped, Idæa, Cybele, Pessinuntia, Dindymene, Pylene, Agdestis. Her worship in Phrygia began in a Bætyl or rude stone wchwhich as her Priests the Corybantes pretended, fell down from heaven, & for she waswchwhich argues that ytthat her Priests were Syrians & she a Syrian Goddess. Lucian lets us know that she was the same Goddess wthwith the Dea Syria in the tem famous temple at Edessa on Euphrates, that Goddess like Cybele being drawn with Lyons & having a drum & a crown corona tunita on her head & her worship being performed in like manner with pipes & Cymbals. The Gods of
4 The Gods of Sæmothrace Ceres Proserpina Pluto & Mercury were also Phenician. Bochartus proves that their namesSamothracian names Axieros, Axionersos Axiokersa & Camillus were were Phenician & that they were the Gods of Berytus a towncity of Phenicia neare Byblus & Sidon. The same Gods were worshipped also at in the islands Lemnos & Imbrus. [And therethe Cabiri the (or Priests the Cabyriof these Gods) were of the same sort with the Corybantes & Idæi Dactyli & Telchines all of them dancing in armour with a war-like noise in the sacricessacrifices &] & being skilled in arts. Strabo tells us
The Telchines in Rhodes came last from Cyprus & were among the first artificers who wrought in brass & iron && danced in armour & were skilled in arts so as by yethe unskilfull Greeks to be accounted conjurerersconjurers.
2 And of the same sort were alsoSome derive the Telchines in Rhodes from Crete F The Telchinesin Rhodes were such another sort of men as the Idæi Dactyli. They came last from Cyprus & wrought in brass & iron & danced in armour & were skilled in arts so as by the unskillfull Greeks to be accounted great conjurers. & on the mountain Atabyrus they worshipped Iupiter. Conon tells us that this Island was first inhabited by the Heliades & then by the Phecians who ejected the Heliades. And Diodorus These Phenicians were left there by Cad && in mount Atabyrus (so named from mount Tabor in Phænicia) they worshipped Iupiter thence called Atabyrius. Diodorus tells us that Cadmus escap in his way to Europe escaping shipwack landed in this Island & built therein it a temple to Neptune & left there a colony of Pheniciæns & Conon that the Phenicians seized the Island ejecting the Heliades who were the first inhabitants T Others reccon the Telchines the first inhabitants, but they seemse rather to be the Priests of the Phenicians left there by Cadmus. In the mountain Atabyrus they worshipped Iupiter
All these Priest
All these Priests, the Idæi Dactyli, & yethe Corybantes, &the Cabri & the Telchines were called Curetes that is Courtiers attendants of yethe Gods or Courtiers & differed very little from one another, Strabo tells us & of the same sort I reccon the Cyclopes in Lemnos. Strabo tells us
The Curetes cut their hair short before & let it grow behind & from this sort of Treasure some think they had yethe name of Curetes. The Abantes in Bœotia a plepeople who came wthwith Cadmus cut their
And when I consider that the story of Saturn's [devouring a stone forpersecuting Iupiter ♃ [& then seking for Iupiter & to slay him] fearing to be deprived of his kingdom by Iupiter & seekingendeavouring to devour Iupiter & devouring a stone in his ste in his stead being presented with a stone drest up in a cloth to to represent him & then seeking in all places for Iupiter & the armed Curetes hiding him:] is perfectly is like that of Sauls &persecuting David the two first kings or Saturn & Iupiter of Israel & was brought into Crete bu the supbjects of David at that time wnwhen David was lord of almost all Phenicia & the greatest king in all of those parts: it makes me suspect that David might be yethe Iupiter of thethe story of Saturns devouring Iupi a stone for ♄ might allude to the actions of Saul & David. For Saul feared least his son in law David should gain the kingdom & therefore sent for him in bed to slay him but his his wife dressed a image in a cloth or shirt & laid it in the bed in the place of David, & let David escape. And then sentSaul sought for David in all places & David hid himself in caves & secret places & among the Philistims being attended & guarded by a body of armed men.
– – came from Phenicia. & it seems to be very like it was brought into Crete by the subjects of David when David was lord of almost all Phœnicia & one of the greatest kings in the east & seems to resemble his story very much. For Saul & David were the two first kings or Saturn & Iupiter of Israel, & Saul feared least his son in law David should gain the kingdom & therefore sent for David in bed to slay him but his wife dressed an image (suppose of stone) in a cloth or shirt & laid it in yethe bed in the place of David & let David escape & then Saul finding himself deceived sought every where for David & David hid himself in caves & secret places & among the Philistims being attended and guarded with an armed multitude about him & at length succeeded in the kingdom expelling the family of Saul.
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Gentlemen
The Gold monies conyed out of the Gold delivered by you into the M
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– of Lydia & Babylon became lord of all Asia.
In the first year of Nebuchadnezzar & fourth of Iehojakim when Cyaxeres & Nebuchadnezzar had newly overthrown Nineveh & were ready to invade the nations round about, God predicted those invasions by threatning that threatned that he would take all the families of the northJer. 25. (that is the Medes) & the Nebuchadnezzar the the king of Babylon & bring them against Iudea & against the nations round about & utterly destroy thoese nations & make them an astonishment & lasting desolations & cause them all to drink the wine cup of his fury, namely the kings of Iudah & Egypt & the kings of yethe land of Uz & of the land of the Philistims & those of Edom & Moab & Ammon & Tyre & Sidon & the Isles of the Sea & Arabia & Zimri & all the kings of Elam & all the kings of the Medes & all the kings of the north, [& the king of Sheshack shall Drink after them.]& the king of Sesack & that after seventy years he would also punish the king of Babylon. / Here in numbring the nations wchwhich should suffer he omits the Assyrians as fallen already & recconsnames the kings of Elam & Sesack or Susa as distinct from those of the Mediaes & Chaldeans Babylonians & therefore the Persians were not yet subdued by the Medes nor king of Susiana by the Chaldeans. And as by the punishment of the king of Babylon he means the conquest of Babylon by Cyrus so by the punishment of the Medes he seems to mean the conquest of Media by the same Cyrus.
About eight years after
After this, in the beginning of the reign of Zedekiah, that is about yethethat is in the ninth year of Nebuchadnezzar, God thus predicts the approaching conquest of the Persians by the Medes & their Allies. Behold, saith he, I will break the bow of Elam – – – – and the Princes saith the Lord. But it shall come to pass that in the latter days (that isvizt. in yethe reign of Cyrus) that I will bring again the captivity of Elam saith the Lord. Jer
Afterwards in yethe 12th year of Iehojakims captivity or 20th year of Nebuchadnezzar, [when Persia was & Iudea were nealy & divers other nations were conquered & had laid wast,] the Prophet Ezekial thus describes the great slaughters which had been made by of the Scythians Assyrians Persians Edomites, & Zidonians & Princes of the North wchwhich had then been made by Cyaxeres & Nebuchadnezzar [in erecting the O monar empires of the Medes & Babylonians. [& also those of the Egyptians wchwhich were ready to be made by the BabyloniansNebuchadnezzar..] Ashur is there & all her company [vizt in Hades or the lower part of yethe earth where the dead bodies lay buried] his graves – – – – – of the living. There is Edom her kings & all her Princes wchwhich with their might are laid by them that were slain by the sword – – – There be the Princes of the North all of them & all the Zidonians wchwhich are gone down with the slain [with their terror.] – – – Pharaoh shall see them & – – – he shall be laid in the midst of yethe uncircumcised even wthwith them that are slain wthwith yethe sword, even Pharaih & all his multitude. Ezek. 32.
After Cyaxeres had conquered the Persians & carried on his victories into Armenia & Cappadocia he warred five years wthwith Halyattes kin the king of the Lydians Halyattes the father of Crœsus with doubtfullvarious success & in the sixt year in the time of a battel the two armies were parted by a total eclips of the Son wchwhich was predicted by Thales & happened May 28th Anno Nabonass 163. And then the two kings made peace by the mediation of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon & Syennesis king of Cyilicia. But Darius the son & Successor of Cyaxeres carried on his fathers conquests & by subduing the kingdoms of Lydia & Babylon extended the reign of one man over all Asia that is perfected the work of erecting the Medo-Persian Monarchy over all Asia as
This is that Darius – – – till after the conquest of Babylon.
The conquest of the Lyd Asia minor put the Greeks into fear of yethe Medes. For Theognis who lived in the very times of those wars writes thus – – – – – – – Medes were uppermost. And this is further confirmed by yethe Angel ..... conquest of Babylon.
Iospehus writes that Cyrus king of the Persians & Darius – – – days of Iosephus. But whereas Iosephus saith that Cyrus king of the Persians assisted & Darius king of the Medes made war upon Balthazzar, Cyrus & the Persians were at this time
subject to
subject to the Medes, & Cyrus only led the army of the kingdom, & was perhaps yethe chief Satrapa or deputy king of yethe Persians.
When Ezekiel wrote this prophecy Cyaxeres was making war with Alyattes king of Lydia. [For they warred five years wthwith various success & in – – – – – Cilicia. This war began therefore in the year of Nabonassar 157] & therefore –
–Here by the Princes of the north I understand the Princes who fell in the wars wchwhich Cyaxeres made in subduing Armen of Armenia & Cappadocia who fell in the warrs wheich Cyaxeres made in conquering those conuntries. For Herotus tells us that he conquered westward as far as the river Halys, & then warred five years wthwith Halyattes king of Lydia with various success 7amp; in the sixt year .... Cilicia This war began therefore in the year of Nabonassar 1758 two or three years before Ezekiel wrote this prophecy & Cappadocia was conquered by Cyaxeres before that, & Persia before that, So that we cannot err much if we place the conquest of Persia upon yethe year of but not before the year of Nabonassar 1450 wchwhich was the ninth year of Nebuchadnezzar. So that we cannot err much if we place the conquest of Persia by the in yethe year of Nabonassar 154.
After these things Darius the son of Cyaxeres carried on his fathers conquests & by subduing the kingdoms of Lydia & Babylon extended the reign of one man over all Asia. This is that Darius – – – conquest of Babylon.
In the beginning of the reign of IehojakimZedekiah God threatned that he would give the kingdoms of Edom & Moab & Ammon & Tyre & Zidon into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of babylon & that all nations should serve him & his son & his son's son untill the time of his land should come & many nations & great kings should serve themselves of him (Jer XXVII.) And at at the same time God thus predicted the approaching
the lot of the Medes; & that as these Monarchies arose at one & the same time by the ruin of Nineveh so they fell together by yethe victories of Cyrus, & were both very potent while they stood, & the Medes more potent then the Babylonians. For the ancient Greeks & Latines reccon that the Medic subverted & succeeded the Assyrian & in counting the succassive great Empires make yethe Assyrian the first, the Medic the second, yethe Persian the third & omit the Babylonian as less considerable, tho Daniel begins with this as more considerable then thatin respect of yethe Iews. So Æmilius Sura & Vellcius Paterculus: Assyrij principes omnium gentium rerum potiti sunt, deinde Medi, postea Persæ, deinde Macedones; exinde duobus regibus Philippo et Antiocho qui e Macedonibus oriundi erant, haud multo post Carthaginem subactam, devictis, summa Imperij ad populum Romanum pervenit. And Ammianus: Median, ante regnum Cyri superioris et incrementa Persidios, legimus Asiæ reginam totius, Assyrij domitis. And Iustin: Arbaces (i.e. Cyaxeres) qui præfectus Medorum fuerat, imperium ab Assyrijs ad Medos transfert. He adds that Cyrus put an end to this Empire of yethe Medes after it had stood 350 years. So long a reign he has from the fables of Ctesias. Dionysius Halycarnassæus represents it a short reigne, Æschylus who was born in yethe reign of time of this Empire, that it lasted only during the reign of two kings before Cyrus, as above.
Chronologers who have been apt to enlarge the ancient times have allotted 30 years to yethe reign of Cyrus. And so long he might be Satrapa of Persia after his fathers death.
After Cyrus had dethroned Darius & reigned seven years or seven years & some months (Chronologers say 30 years) he died in spring an. I. P. 4185, as is certain by two Eclipses of the Moon in the reign of his son & successor Cambyses who reigned seven years & five months & in the three last years of his reign sub invaded & subdued Egypt, & then was succeeded by Mardus or Smerdes the Magus who feigned himself to be the Smerdes yethe younger brother of Cambyses. Smerdes reigned seven months & in the eighth month being discovered was slain wthwith a great number of the Magi (for so the Persians called their Priests & in memory of this the Persians kept an anniversary day wchwhich they called the slaughter of the Magi. Then reigned Maraphus & Artaphrenes a few days & after them Darius the son of Histaspies, being chosen king by the neighing of his horse. He seems on this occasion to have reformed —
When Cyrus had reigned nine years after yethe taking of Babylon according to Ptolomy's Canon, seven years or seven years & some months after the dethroning of Darius (Chronolgogers say 30 years after yethe dethroning of Astyages wchwhich is ausa mistake tlly) he died in spring, An I. P. 4185, as is certain
And since the laws of yethe Babylonians were set aside in his reign it o
And since the Babylonians Chaldeans were no longer governed by their own laws but submitted to the laws of the Medes & Persians, it argues that they were a conquered nation. Thy kingdom Daniel told Belshazzar the king of the Chaldeans, that God had numbered his kingdom & finished it, & that his kingdom was divided or broken & given to the Medes & Persians. And that night was Belshazzar slain 7amp; Darius the Mede took the kingdom. All wchwhich is as much as to say that not only the reign of Belshazzar was at an end but even his kingdom was that night finished & broken & in pieces & given to the king of the Medes, whose victorious king Darius should that night taooke the kingdome & reignd over it according to the laws o his own laws the laws of the Medes & Persians without regard to the laws of the Babylonians.. This is
That Darius was king of the Medes is confirmed also by Iosephus – – – – – untill the days of Iosephus.
Darius was therefore king of the Medes & by the assistance of Cyrus conquered Babylon – – – – – Sardes till after the conquest of Babylon.
– . – . – before Cyrus as above.
The Greeks who follow Herodotus make Cyrus the immediate successor of his Grandfather Astyages: according to wchwhich recconing – – – – & all the land of his dominion (Ier LI. 11, 28). Daniel toold Darius Belshazzar yethe king of the Chaldeans that God had numbered his kingdom & finished it & that his kingdom was divided (or broken) & given to the Medes & Persians. And that night was Belshazzar slain & Darius the Mede took the kingdom. & reigned before Cyrus. All wchwhich is as much as to say that not only the kingdōkingdom
reign of
215
reign of Belshazzar was at an ended but even his kingdom the kingdom was of the Chaldeans was finished & broken & given to the Medes & Persians first to the Medes under Darius who took the kingdom that night & then to the Persians under Cyrus. For Darius reigned over Babylon like a conqueror – – – – – wchwhich shews that in the reign of Darius the Medes were uppoermost. You may know also by the number of Provinces – – – – – Cyrus the granson of Astyages conteined but 127 Provinces (Esther.I.1)
Darius was therefore king of yethe Medes & by the conduct of his sisters husband Cyrus conquered Babylon. And this is further confirmed – – – Babylon.
This is that Darius who coyned a great number of pieces of pure gold – – – – – – – – & coyned their gold. For Crœsus king of the Lydians reigned over all Asia minor on this side the river Halys except Cilicia & Lydia, & his kingdom was rich & flourishing as well as large & potent. He was exceeding rich even to a proverb. Midas & Crœsus, says Pliny, – – – – – till after the conquest of Babylon.
That Darius was king of the Medes is confirmed also by Iosephus – – – – untill the days of Iosephus.
When Cyrus had conquered Babylon & had a victorious army at his devotion it was easy for him to dethrone Darius. Having therefore ordered his affairs at Babylon he marched into Media. Xenophon saith that he went in a friendly manner to visit Cyaxeres at Ecbatane, but Cyaxeres was dead before. He went against Darius, fought & took him prisoner put an end to the reign of the Medes & translated the monarchy to yethe Persians the forces of Darius deserting him & Harpagus a Mede who commanded them, betraying him & revolting to Cyrus. For Harpagus, whom Xenophon calls Artagerses & Artabazus was an old acquaintance of Cyrus & commanded part of his army in conquering Crœsus & Asia minor & now invited Cyrus to revolt for. The story of how Cyrus translated the Empire from the Medes to the Persians you have at large in Herodotus, excepting that Herodotus errs in the time & in the name of the king, making Astyages the last king of yethe Medes to be Astyages, whereas it was certainly Darius. Astyages was the last king of the Medes alone, Darius the last king of the Medes & Persians. After this conquest Cyrus reigned seven years according to Xenophon spending the seven winter months at Ecbatane he came the seventh time into Persia & there died in spring the year of Nabonassar 219 according to yethe Canon & therefore conquered Darius in yethe year of NabonassarA.M. 212. If these 7 years reign of Cyrus be subducted from the 3029 years usually ascribed to Cyrus by the Greekshim by Herodotus there will remaien 22 years for the reign of Astyages wthwithout changing the duration of the kingdom of the Medes assigned by Herodotus & supposing that wthwith Herodotus that Cyaxeres reigned 40 years & his successor 35, the reign of Cyaxeres will begin Anno Nabonass: 137 & that of Astyages An. Nabon. 1145. without changing the whole duration of the kingdom of the Medes assigned by Herodotus.22 years before
Cambyses the son & successor of Cyrus began his reign in spring Anno Nabonass. 219 as is certain by two Eclipses of the Moon in his reign. He reigned seven years & five months & in the three last years of his reign invaded & subdued Egypt, & then was succeeded by Mardus or Smerdes the Magus who feigned himself to be Smerdes yethe younger brother of Cambyses. Smerdes – – – –
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But the legislature of Solon was but ten years ornot above a year befor his travells that is ten or eleven years before his visiting made to Crœsus, & that of Dracothat is an 4Olymp 56 54 & that of Draco might might be not above ten or twelve years bfore that of Solon. Ann. 4 Olymp. 51.
But the legislature of Solon was not above a year fbefore his travells began that is not about ten or eleven years before his visit made to Crœsus & by consequence about Ann. 4 Olymp. 54. And that of Draco might be about ten or twelve years before that of Solom: & by consequence Ann 4 Olymp. 51.that us about Ann. 1. Olymp. 52. And the warr against Cyrrha being made by the advice of Solon might beg
To
SrSir Isaac Newton at Kensington near Free London I. Conduitt
426
216
896 Hedad or Benhad king of Syria dyes & is defied at Damascus.
852 Hazael the successor of Hadad dyes & is deified at Damascus. – – These Gods Hedad & Hazael together with Arathes the wife of Hadad the Syrianswere worshipped in their Sepulchres or Temples & till the days of Iosephus the Iew & the Syrians boasted their antiquity not knowing, saith Iosephus, that they were novel.
427 217
T. 2. 23. Cartari. pag. 2: Herodotus writes that The Egyptians named but 12 Gods only at first, and the Pythagoriaans seem to imitate them, for we read that the Greeks took these things, as also all other sciences from Egypt where were the celebrated Pillars of Mercury, all full of profound learning, and particularly of things in the Heavens, signified by diverse figures of Beasts, Plants, and other things, wchwhich were to the Egyptians instead of Letters, and were explained by the Priests, who were skillfull in them, to such as the thought worthy such as Pythagoras, Pluto, Democritus, Eudoxus, and others who upon that account when down to Egypt; The Pythagoreans therefore say that as in the first sphear there are twelve figures of Animals wchwhich are the 12 signs of the Zodiac, so there are are other 12 spirits wchwhich give life and motion to these, and these are the 12 Gods Iupiter &c. who govern all things below.
420
218
When Amosis drave the Shepherds out of almost all Egypt some of them under the conduct of Cecrops Lelex Inachus Phoroneus Pelasgus Æzaus Æolus Ægiaheus & others fled into Greece Before that time Europe was peopled with only from the north side of Euxine sea & lake Mæotis & its inhabitants lived in woods & caves of the earth. Misphragmuthosis made the rest of the shepherds retire out of Egypt into Phœnicia where they made the army of the Philistims very numerous against Saul. And Polemo tells us that they came out of Egypt into Phœnicia in the days of Apis the son of Phoroneus The victories of David over the Philistims, Edomites & other nations made many of them under the Conduct of Cadmus, Membliarius, Alymnus, Phineus, Erectheus, Phorbas, Peteos & others seek new seats in Asia minor, Greece & Libya. & Polemo tells us that this was done in the days of Apis And these colonies brought into Greece their Arts & Sciences & particularly letters & poetry & the digging of iron brass & iron & making of edged tools & armour & vessels utensils vessels & other utensils thereof & the building of houses, & the worship of the dead, several of the posterity of Cadmus & of his sister Europa being deified. Then Sesak called by the Greeks Sesonchosis & Sesostris, came out of Egypt in the fift year of Rehobam, spent nine years in invading the nations set up pillars in all his conquests, came over the Hellespont, conquered Thrace left Musick & poetry there & horsmanship there & invaded Greece but was repulsed by the joynt force of the Greeks commanded by Perseus & of the Scythians called in by them & commanded by Sipylus a Scythian & Mompsus a Thracian fugitive Thracian. ThenWhereupon he returned back & into Egypt wthwith many captives, amongst wchwhich was Tithonus the brother of Priam: & at the same time his brother Danaus fled from him into Greece wthwith his 50 daughters in a long ship after the the pattern of wchwhich the ship Argo was built. This was the first long ship built by the Greeks. The builder was Argus the son of Danaus & one of the Argonauts was Danaus Nauplius the son of Amymone the daughter of Danaus, born of her in Greece. And therefore the expedition or embassy of the Argonauts was therefore above 20 years after the return of Sesk into Egypt & might happen about 36 or 40 years after the death of Solomon. I call it an Embassy because composed of the flower of Greece sent ordered by the Amphyctionic counsel & performed by the flower of Greecesent to the kingdoms upon the black sea & Mediterranean at a time when the Empire of Egypt was breaking in pieces. The sons of many of the Argonauts were at the Trojan war, & therefore that war was one generation later then yethe Argonautic expedition & so might happen about 70 or 75 years after the death of Solomon. At that time flourished Memnon or Amenophis the Ethiopian whom whom the Greeks feigned to be the son of Tithonus. He was the Menes who built Memphis & founded the first Dynasty of the kings of Egypt who reigned in that city He The return of the Heraclides was in the fourth generation from Hercules. Thucydides tells it was 80 years us us that the Heraclides passed into returned intp Peloponnesus in the 80th year after the Trojan war, that is about 50 or 55 years before the Olympiads began. Now Iphitus is by some who restored the Olympic games is by some was the son descended from Oxylus the son of Hæmon the son of Thoas the son of Andræmon., Hercules & & is Andræmon married two Sisters. Thoas by some calledcalled accounted the son of Hæmon by others the son of Praxonidas the son of Hæmon., Let Oxylus be & therefore he was the son of Praxonidas the son of Oxylus the son of Hæmon. Andræmon & Hercules the Argonaut married two sisters; Thoas warred at Troy, & Oxylus returned into Peloponnesus with the Argonauts & Iphitus Heraclides, two generations before & therefore Iphitus restored the Olympic games two generations after that return & four generations after the destruction of Troy. From the return of the Heraclides into Peloponnesus to the Guardianship there were in the two races of the kings of Sparta to the Guardianship of Lycurgus six reigns, to the end of the first Messenian war there were ten reigns & to the battel at Thermopylæ in the sixt year of Xerxes there were 17 reigns & these And if these reigns one with another at a medium be recconed at 20 yea years a piece, there will be from yethe return of the Heraclides to the Th Guardianship of Lycurgus about 120 years, to yethe end of the first Messenian war about 200 years & to yethe sixth year of Xerxes about 340 years. Now the Quinquertium & Wrastling were restored in the 18th Olympiad & the Disk was one of the games of the Quinquertium & the name of Lycurgus was upon the Disk & therefore he flourished in the 18th Olympiad
Count
Count backwards from this Olympiad about 120 years or from the sixt year of Xerxes count backwards 340 years, & the recconing will place the return of the Heraclides about 50 years before the beginning of the Olympiads as above. I know that the later Chronologers make Lycurgus much ancienter, but Socrates (as as Plato represents & Thucydides (in the reading followed by Stephus) represent his administration but about 300 years older then yethe end of the Peloponnesian war, & thereby place him in the time of the 18th Olympiad.
219
429
220
– to the 1st; Olympiad Diodorus tells us that he computed the times from the kings of the Lacedemonians, & Plutarch tells us that Apollodorus & Eratosthenes & others did the like. And th since this recconing has beeis still received by Chronologers & was gathered by computing the times from the kings of the Lacedemo kings of the Lacedemonians, that is from their number let us reexamin that computation. 205 − 121 = 84
The times of the deaths of Agesilaus & Polydectes are not certainly known: but it may be presumed that Lycurgus medled not with Olympic games before he came to the crown, & therefore Polydore died in the 18th Olymp. or a very little before. If it may be supposed that the 21th Olympiad was in or very near to the middle time between their deaths & from thence be counted upwards the aforesaid 120 years & one year more for the reign of Aristodemus: the recconing will place the return of the Heraclides about 41 years before the beginning of the Olympiads.[ & by consequence the taking of Troy about 121 years before the olympiads or 84 years after the death of Saturn ]
432 221
Tyre & Aradus called in Scripture (Arvad or Arpad) were built by Sidonians who fled by sea from the king of Ascalon upon his beseiging & taking of Sidon before the destruction of Troy, as Trogus & StraboTrog. l. 18. Strabo l 16. inform us. Hence Isaiah called Tyre the daughter of Zidon, the inhabitants of the Isle whom the merchants of Zidon have replenished. And hence also Solomon in the beginning of his reign called the servants of Hiram Zidonias: My servants, saith he, shall be with thy servants, & unto thee will I give hire for thy servants according to all that thou desirest, for thou knowest that there is not among us any that can skill to hew timber like unto the Zidonians 1 King. 5.6. The new inhabitants of Tyre had not yet lost the name of Zidonians, nor had the old inhabitants (if there were any considerable number of them) gained the reputation of the new ones for the skill in hewing of timber, as they would have done had shipping been long in use at Tyre. The taking of Sidon was therefore fresh in memory & Hiram & his father Abibalus were the two first kings of the new Kingdom of Tyre. And this opinion is confirmed by that o Hiram's enlarging & adorning the city, as Iosephus relates for upon the founding of new kingdoms, it has been usual for kings to enlarge & adorn their Royal seats Cities. Conceive therefore that when Sidon was taken by the King of Askalon & the Zidonians fled by sea, some of them to Tyre & others to Aradus, many others might fled to other places in Asia minor Greece & Libya, amongst which was might be Cadmus & those that came with him into Greece. [Cadmus therefore brought letters into Greece in the first year of Abibalus] king of Tyre. presently after the taking of Zidon. Hiram according to I the Tyrian Annals cited by Iosephus reigned after his father death 34 years, & the twelft year of his reign fell in with the fourth year of Solomons, a. And therefore he began his reig his father Abilalus died in the thise first year of his reign was the 33th year of Solomon David. But in conjunction with his father Abibalus he reigned some years before. For after David had taken Ierusalem wchwhich was in the 8th year of his reign, & beaten the Philistims twice, wchwhich might be in the two next years; Hiram king of Tyre sent messengers to David & Cedar trees & Carpenters & Masons & they built David an house in Ierusalem & therefore Zidon was taken before [but the Philistimes on the contrary made war upon David & were twice beaten by him, suppose in the ninth & tenth years of his reign, & after this David sat in his house & had peace on all sid from all his enemies & dwelt in his house. 2 Sam V.5, 7, 9, 11, 17 & VII.1,] The Philistims had constant wars with Saul & by their victory at his death became potent, & had no wars with David during the first eight years of his reign, & therefore were then at leasure to invade Zidon the kingdom of Zidon., [And so the error cannot be great if in the middle of this intervall we place the flight of the Zidonians by sea [but were not yet grown potent at sea. But upon Davids conquering Edom & destroying from all the males of Edom, they fled from him those that could escape fled from him some with their young king into Egypt, others to the Philistims. And then it was that one who fled from the Red sea build or fortified Ashdod as Stephanus informs us Then it to T the Islands of the Mediterranean. Tyre & Aradus, & by consequence also to cCrete & the sea coasts of Asia minor Greece & Libya. And hence we may understand how the Tyrians came to be friends with to David while the Philistims made war upon him, & afterwards to trade with his son Solomon upon the red sea, & how Minos the nephew of Cadmus came to be so potent ar sea the Cretans in those days grew potent in shipping & gained the dominion over the Mediterranean Seas while untill the Tyrians were driven from the red sea by the Edomites] Then it was also that the Philistims being strenghtened by the access of Mariners of Edom who fled from the red sea] And then I suppose it was they beseiged the city by land & took it, & made the Zidonians fly to Tyre & Arad the Islands in the Mediterranean Tyre & Aradus & Crete & the coasts of Asia minor, Greece & Libya. They might beseige it some years before they took it, & Hiram was king of Tyre before the 14th year of David: & therefore we cannot err much if we place this flight upon the sixt or eight tear of David that king. And hence we may understand
why the Tyrians were friends to David while the Philistims made war upon him, & how the Cretans became to potent at sea in the reign of Minos.] And therefore we cannorcannot err much if we place the taking of Zidon & flight of the Zidonians in this interval of time suppose upon the sixt or eight seventh year of David's reign.] And by reason of this hostility the Zidonians who fled to Tyre had friendship with David while the Philistims had war made war upon him.
After this David beat the Philistims againthrice & conquered Edom & Moab & Ammon & Hadadazer the kingdom of Zobah & Syria of Damascus ef & be. All this was before the middle of his reign. And these conquests might make the conquered people fly in great numbers to the sea coasts.Philistims & Zidonians Davids enemies & from thence upon the seas to seek new seats. for [Europa the sister of Cadmus came from Sarepta a town four miles eastward from Sidon, & whether she fled from the Philistims or from David may be doubted.] And Those who fled now from David beingwere much more numerous then those who fled before from the Philistims. And for that reason we may place the flight And the flight of Cadmus agrees best with the time when the Phenicians fled in greatest numbers; & therefore we cant err much if we place it about the 15th year of Davids reign.
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And if he persecute any true member of Christs mystical body for not receiving theany other Gospel then the primitive he persecutes Christ in his mystical body & thereby ceases to be a Christian & becomes an Antichristian in a litterall sense of the name.
And Helena was stole by Paris fifteen years after she was stole by Theseus (according to Clemens) & twenty years before the destruction of Troy according to Homer.
– in he reign of Ahazia, that is about 3 years before yethe reign of Pigmaleon & upon the death of Iohosaphat in the 2d or 3d year of Pigmaleon the Edomites who had ever since the reignvictories of David had been governed by a Deputy revolted
AndFor Iehosaphat neare the end of his reign built ships at Ezion Geber to go to Tarshish, but presently after this death (suppose the 3d or 4d year of Pigmaleon the Edomites who had ever since their being conquered by David been governed by a Deputy, revolted, & set up a king of their own & then the merchants of Tyre & Iudah were driven from the red sea
— So then the Tyrians came from the red sea to the Mediterranean in the first or second year of Ioram the son & successor of Iehosaphat, that is in the third or 4th year of Pyigmaleon, Teucer then reigning at Cyprus; & & Dido sailed to Carthage about three years after. / &And the wandring of Ulysses happened about the same time.
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Eleusis, Ceres came into Attica & educated Triptolemus & taught him the son of Celeus & taught him to sow corn. She lay with Iasion or Iasdus the brother of Harmonia the wife of Cadmus. And soonpresently after her death Erechtheus was slain in a war between the Athenians & Eleusinians: & for the benefaction of bringing tillage into Greece the Eleusinia sacra were instituted to her with Egyptian ceremonies by Celeus & Eumolpus, & a sepulchre or temple was erected to her in Eleusine, & the families of Celeus & Eumolpus became her Priests. And this is the first instance that I meet with in Greece of deifying the dead with Temples & sacred rites & sacrifices & intitiations & a succession of Priests to perform them. the El Now by this history it is manifest that Erechtheus Celeus, Eumpolus, Ceres, Iasion, Ceres Harmonia, & Cadmus, & Dardanus the brother of Iasion & founder of the kingdom of Troy, were all contemporary to one another & flourished in their youth when Cadmus came first into Europe. Erectheus could not be much older because his daughter Orithya was the mother of Calais & Zetes two of the Argonauts, & his sonpp. Pausan. l. 2. c. 25. Orneus was the father of Peteos the father of Menestheus who warred at Troy: nor much younger because his second son Pandion (who deposed his elder brother PandionCecrops) was the father of Ægeus the father of Theseus, & his son Metion was the father of Eupalamus the father of Dædalus who was older then Theseus: & his daughter Creusa marreied Xuthus the son of Hellen & was the mother of Actæus & Ion therefore of whom was the father of Archander & Archilites who married two of the daughters of Danaus. & had wars with Lamedon king of Sicyon a little above ten – years after the death of Solomon & the second year the army of the Athenians against the Eleusinians at the death of his grandfather.& by him had two sons Achæus & Ion, & Ion commanded the army of the Athenians against the Eleusinians when his grandfather Erechtheus was slain, & this was before the institution of the Eleusinian sacra & before the reign of Pandion the follower of Ægeus. Erechtheus being an Egyptian procured corn for Ægypt & for that benefaction was at length made king of Athens. Whether CeresAnd in that time Ceres came into Attica. Whether she was an Egyptian or came from Sicily may be doubted. She pretended to come in quest of her daughter, butand might come from Egypt with the corn from Egypt to take care of it & prepare it for food. ‡For she was worshipped with Egyptian ceremonies. But because corn grew naturally in Siciliy some pretended that she came from thence. We cannot err much if we place her coming about the 250th or 25th year of David's reign, & the dispertion of corn by Triptolemus, about the 36th of David's, & the death of Erechtheus & institution of the Eleusinia sacra about the tenth year of Solomon.
In the time of the Argonautick expedition, Castor & Pollux were very young men & their sisters Helena & Clitemnestra were children & their wives Phœbe & Ilaira were also very young. All these with the Argonauts Lynceus & Idas were the grandchildren of Gorgophone the daughter of Perseus the son og PDanae the daughter of Acrisius & Eurydice. And Perieres & Oebalus the husbands of Danae Gorgophone were the sons of Cynortes the son of Amyclas the brother of Eurydice. And Sthenelus & Nestor the brothers of Gorgophone married Nicippe & Lycidice the daughters of Pelops. And Pelops married Hippodamia the daughter of of Euarete the daughter of Acrisius. And Alcmena the mother of Hercules was the daughter of Electriyo the son of Perseus. And the Argonaute Æsculapius was the grandson of Leucippus & Phlagya, & Leucippus was the son of Amyclas the brother of Eurydice. And Capaneus, one of the seven captains against Thebes was the husband of Euadne the daughter of Iphis the son of Alector the son of Anaxagoras the son of Megapenthes the son of Prætus the brother of Acrisius. And Pelops came into Peloponnesus in the reign of Epeus & Ætolas the sons of Endymion & took Ætolia from Ætolus whose father Endiymion had taken it from the Curetes And from these generations it may be gathered that Peseus & Cynortes were of about the same age with Minos Pelops & Sesac: & that Acrisius, Prœtus, Eurydice, & Amyclas were about half a generation older then Cadmus, Dardanus & Iasion, or of about the same age with king David. And Endymion was of about the same age with Danae or not much olderXuthus the youngest son – – – to Minos
I have now carried up the antiquity of Greece as high as to the time of Deucalions flood & the coming of Cadmus with colonies of Phenicians into Greece & the first use of letters
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in Europe, & of iron tools the foundation of manual arts, & to the times before the Europeans began to plow & sow & to build temples & walls about their towns. And before all this, Greece & all Europe must have been in a very barbarous uncivilized condition even more barbarous & rude then the Americans w were when first discovered by the Europeans. But we are not yet got up to the first memory of things done in Europe.
Chronologers tell us that these kings reigned successively in Attica Actæus, Cecrops, Oranaus, Ampictyon, Erechthonius, Pandion, Erechtheus, Pandion, Cecrops II, Pandion II, EÆgeus, Theseus &c. But Erechthonius & his son Pandion I take to be the same with Erechtheus & his son Pandion II, the names being only repeated with a little variation. For Erechtheus (he that was – – – – him taken out. S In the race of kings therefore above mentioned I would omit Erechthonius & his son Pandion & make Erechtheus the immediate successor of Amphictyon.
So also of one Minos & one Ariadne his daughter Ariadne chronologers have made two Minoses & two Ariadnes
Celeus king of Eleusis who was contemporary to Erechtheus, was the son of Rharus the son of Cranaus, & in the reign of Cranaus Deucalion & the son of Deucalion the flood invaded the country of Danaus who reigned at Thessaly & in the reign of Cranaus Deucalion who fled with his sons Hellen & Amphictyon fled out of Thessaly from the flood the flood wchwhich then invaded Thessaly. They fled into Attica & there Deucalion remained till his death & Pausanias tells us that his sepulchre was shewnto be seen near Athens. His Eldest son Hellen succeeded him in Thessaly & his other son Amphictyon married the daughter of Cranaus & reignedstayed in Attica. Deucalion was therefore contemporary to Cranaus & Amphictyon to Rharus,. & then Amphictyons Council was erected by Amphictyon & Acrisiusthe son of Cranaus. The Amphictyon & Acrisius erected the Amphict. Counciel whe when they aged. && therefore they were contemporary of both of them were of about theto one another & by consequence they were of about the same age with David, & othe therefore& so we cannot err much if we place the erecting of ytthat Amphictyonick Council about the middle of Davids reign.Not wanted much later because he wasFor It was the death of Amphictyon & by consequence before the reign of Erechtheuseus nor much earlier because the seems to have been erected first& the invasion of Greece by the Phenicians who came wthwith Cadmus seems to have given occasion to this institution for the safety of Greece against forreigners, & therefore it wasI place it after that invasion] For it was instituted when Amphictyon reigned in Attica & thereforethis was after Deucalions flood & before the reign of Erechtheus. / being first under his father / & after his fathers death erect assisted in erecting this Council, & by the people of Attica was chosen to represent them in it.
Ægialeus the first king of Sycion was the brother of Phoroneus.
I have now carried up the antiquities of Greece as high as to the flood of Deucalion, & into Greece. the first use of Letters in Europe the erecting of the Amphictyonic Council, the beginning of plowing & sowing of corn in Europe.; Thethe invention of & first use of brass & iron with& iron tools in Europe ; And the beginning of the manual arts depending thereupon & the first building of Temples & walling of cities: before wchwhich the Europeans must have been exceeding barbarous & rude. And the first memory of things done in Europe cannot be much older then the first use of Letters. The account thereof is as follows.
Rharus king of the father of Celeus was the son
Cranaus who flourished in the first half of Davids reign was the successor of Cecrops an Egyptian who married Agraulos the daughter of Aetæus the first kinga king who reaigned in the regions of Attica at the arrival of Cecrops And therefore since Cranaus f& is re & was was succeeded by him Cecrops flourished in the reign of Samuel & Actæus in the latter part of the days of Eli.
Car the son of Phoroneus the son of Inachus built a Temple to Ceres in Megara, & this was in imitation of the Temple of Ceres in Eleusis, & therefore Inachus might be contemporary to Cecrops & come into Greece at the same time. He gave his name to the river Inachus.
Arcas the son of Callisto the daughter of Lycaon the son of Ezeus or as some say of Pelasigus received corn from Triptolamus & taught his people in Arcadia to make bread of it; & so did Eumelus the first king of Achaia (next afterso named afterwards from Achæus the grandson of Erechth) & therefore Arcas & Eumelus were contemporary to Triptolemus & Lycaon to cCramaus, & / Ezeus & Pelasgus to Cecrops. But Lycaon might dye before Cranaus so as to leave room for Deucalions flood between their deaths ✝✝ Pausanias makes Lycaon contemporary to Cecrops
Acrisius & Prætus were the sons of Abas the son of Lynceusan Egyptian. But this Lynceus was not the son of same with the son of Ægyptus the son of brother of Danaus, but an Egyptian as old as Inachus & Cecrops. Abas built Abæ in Phocis.
Eurydice & her brother Amyclas were the children of Lacedæmon & Sparta & Lacedæmon was the son of Taygeta, & Sparta the daughter of Eurotas the son or brother of Myles the elder brother of Polycaon & son of Lelex an Egyptian. Myles succeeded his father Lelex in Elis, & Polycæon married Messene the daughter of Triopass the son of Phorbas the brother of Pirasus & invaded Messine then peopled only by villages & called it Me built cities therein & called it Messene after the name of his wife. Myles set up a Qaern or hand mill to grind corn, & is reputed the first who did so, but he seems to have his corn & artificers from Egypt.
Scyron the son of Pylas, the son of Cleson, the son of Lelex married the daughter of Pandion the son of Erechtheus & contended with Nisus the son of Pandion for the kingdom, & Æacus adjudged it to Nisus (Pausan l .1. c. 8.) And according to this recconing Lelex was sarce to generations older then Erechtheus. He was therefore
contemporary
contemporary to Cecrops, Inachus, &Ezeus, Pelæsgus, & Lynceus & to Phorbas & Perasas All these were therefore contempora came from Egypt with colonies of Egyptians when Eli was high Priest; & Phorbas & Pirasus being their contemporaries might come from th with them. Add the flood of Ogyges was about that time.
According to Acusilaus, Ogyges was flourished 1020 years before the first Olympiad & Phoroneus was reigned in Argos before the flor was older then Ogyges But Acusilaes was an Argive in honour of his country & made the kingdom of Argos much older then the truth. Inachus the father Phoroneus flourished in the reign of Samuel & Saul & the reign of Saul began only about 30three hundred years before the first Olympiad. To call things Ogygian has been a phrase among the ancient Greeks to signify things all old as that they are as old as the first memory of things & therefore we may reccon Ogyges as old at least as Inachus. Phoroneus flourished in the days of Samuel & Saul & the reigndeath of Saul was but 286 years before the beginning of the Olympiads. And by consequence PhoroneusAcusilaus has made Phoroneus & Ogyges above 700 years older then the truth. Eleusine the son of Ogyges is said to have built the city Eleusiae in Attica. He might begin to built a few houses of clay wchwhich might in time grow into a city. And the Greeks scarce began to built with clay before the coming of colonies from Egypt.
Ægialeus the first king of Sicyon was the brother of Phoroneus the & son of Inachus & therefore flourished in the days of Samuel & Saul. He died without issue & after him reigned Europs Telchin Apis Lamedon Sicyon &c successively. [But chronologerssome Chronologers to make the kingdom of Sicyon older then that of Argos hath [ divided Apis into two kings by the names of Apis & Epopeus &] between themApis & Lamedon inserted twelve or 13 feigned names of kings who together wthwith Epopeus reigned 5260 years wthwithout doing any thing. And to the four next kings of Sicyon they have assined a reign of 167 years years, & to the first four four kingsof t.that kingdkingdom abovementdabovementioned a reign of 142 years, that is to those eight kings a reign of 309 years wchwhich perhaps did not amount to more then 160 years half those years. But Apis Epopeus & Epaphus are one & the same king] Apis according to some& Io wasere the son & daughter & daughter of Phoroneus., according to others the son of Io the daughter of Phoroneus And the Poets feign that Io & Apisthey went into Ægypt & that Io became the Epaphusgoddess Isis & Apis the God God Apis or Epaphus & Godess Isis & goddesse Isis. And by these fictions their reign of Io should end in Greece whereimmedietely before it began in Egypt & the reign of Apis should end in Greece where it began in Egypt, that is about the 16th or 20th year of Solomon But they flourished a little earlier in Greece for Apis Epaphus & Epopeus are one & the sameor just before And above we placed the death of Epaphus or Epopeus king of Sicyon upon the 10th year of Solomon. For Apis Epaphus & Epopeus are but several names of one & the same king of Sicyon. Herodotus saith that Apis in yethe Greek tongue is Epaphus & Hyginus that Epaphus the Sicyonion got Antiopa with child & others call him Epopeus. But the later Greeks have made two men of the two names Apis & Epopeus & between them inserted twelve feigned kings of Sicyon who made no wars nor did any thing memorable & yet reigned 520 years wchwhich is one wthwith another above 42 years a piece. If these feigned kings be rejected Ægialeus will be contemporary to his brother Phoroneus.
And as of one Apis or Epopeus the Greeks have made two men so [of one Minos & one Ariadne his daughter they have made two feigning that the first Minos was the son of Europa & the second Ariadne was the mistress of Theseus]& Plutarch tells us that the people of Naxus contrary to what others write made pretended that there were two Minoses & two Ariadnes & that the first Ariadne married Bacchus & the last was carried away by Theseus. But Theseus a Homer Hesiod Thucydides Herodotus Strabo &c knew but of one Minos &cc Ιλ. ν et ζ. Odys. λ & Τ. Homer describes him to the son of Iupiter & Europa & the brother of Rhædamanthus & Sarpadon & the father of Deucalion the Argonaut & grandfather of Idomoneus who warred at Troy & that he was the legislator of Crete & iudge of hell. Herodotus makes Minos & Rhadamanthus the sons of Europe contemporary to Ægeus. And Apollodorus & Huyginus say that Minos the father of Androgeus Ariadne & Phædra was the son of Iupiter & Europe & brother of Rhadæmanthus & Sarpedon.
When these men came from Egypt they found Ogyges in Greece, And either he or his son Eleusine built the city Eleusine or Eleusus in Attica. That is they began to build a few houses of clay wchwhich in time grew into a city. They were Scythians & the Scythians in those days lived a wandering life without housesbeyond the Danuabe long after those days & came into Greece From over the Danube from beyond the black sea there being no other way into Greece before the Phen Mediterranean began to be navigated as far as Greece & the Scythians beyond the Danube lived ☉& the Euxineback sea lived ☉ a wandring life without houses long after those days. But the Egyptians were used to live in houses in Egypt & therefore upon their first coming into Greece would be apt to build such huts & cottages of such materials as were at hand that is of clay boughs of trees & clay. For the first houses of the Greeks were of clay till Euryalus & Hyperbius taught them to harden the clay into bricks & build therewith. And after the example of the Egyptians Ogyges & his son might begin to build the city Eleusine in the days of Ele before the death of Eli. And this beginning to build houses I wouldplace not before but soon after the flood of Ogyges, beginning the history of Greece with the times next after that flood. For I meet wthwith no mention of towns houses generations wars or actions of the Greeks before that flood
According to Acusilaus – – – – above 700 years older then the truth.
— And therefore Acusilaus has made Phoroneus & Ogyges above seven hundred years older then the truth And this fiction has given occasion to the chronologers who flourished one or two hundred years after Acusilaus to [raise the antiquities of Greece [preceding the battel at Marathon & yethe transit of Xerxes] & especially those preceding the Olympiads,] much above the truth, especilly t] represent all things done in Greece before the age of Olympiads Acusilaus (especially those done before the first Olympiad) much ancienter then they really were.
And for lengthening the races of the kings of Argos & Sicyon they have made manychanged several contemportal Princes of Argos to have been sucessive kingsinto a succession of kings & inserted many feigned kings into the race of the kings of Sicyon. //The three first kings of Argos were Inachus, Phoroneus & Argus. And the Poets feigned th Andthe sucessors of PhoroneusFor Argus was the son of Niobe And The Poets representedAnd Argos was theAnd the ancients tell us that Niobe the daughter of Phoroneus was the first woman with whom Iupiter lay & that of her he begot Argus. [wchwhich is as much to say that Argus was begot in the beginning of the silver age & by consequence was not so old as Chiron. Niobe was the sister of Apis who& he was slain about the year of Solomon as above & therefore Argus was younger then Apis & flourished in the reign of Solomon. And Danaus came from Ægypt sonsoon after & succeeded Gelanor. But who reigned between Argus & Gelanor is uncertain & in what parts of the kingdom of Argos is uncertain.] Iupit Argus was therefore one generation younger then Apis the brother of Niobe & by consequence two generations younger then Phoroneus & two generations younger then Phoroneus & by consequence flourished in the reign of Solomon. For Apis was slain in the 10th year of Solomon as above. Argus had several sons who might reign in several parts of Argo the kingdom of Argos Danaus came into Greece in the days reign of Rehobam as above & succeeded Gelanor at Argos. Who reigned at Argos between Argus & Gelanor & when & in what parts of the kingdom or Argos the rest of the Princes reigned whom Chronologers have inserted into the list of yethe successive kings of Argos I leave to be examined. Contemporary to these kings were Acrisius, P
Ægialus Dicæarchus in his first book, said that after Orus the son of Osiris & Isis reigned Sesonchosis. And hens the people of Naus as Plutarch tells us, – – – – away by Theseus. But Osiris & Orus [Sesonschosis agree in their actions & were one & the same king, & Homer Hesiod, Thucydides Herodotus Strabo &c – – – & Sarpedon.] By According to these opinions the last Osiris or Bacchus was contemporary to the first Minos, & Sesonchosis or Sesostris was contemporaryAied to the last. But Homer – – – – Sarpedon. There was therefore but one Minos, & [Osiris & Sesonchosis being contemporary to him were one & the same king of Egypt.] one Ariadne the mistres of Theseus & wife of Bacchus &
And as the Greeks have split Apis into two kings & Erechtheus into two others so they have split Phorbas into two. And Plutarch tells us
Pelops came into Peloponnesus in the days of Endymion & his sons Epeus & Ætolus took Ætolia from Ætolus. Endymion was the son of Aëthlius the son of Protogenia the sister of Hellen & daughter of Deucalion. Phrixus & Helle – – – – husband to Minos. Hellen therefore flourished under his father in the first half of Davids reign.
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might be ten or twenty years earlier. From the Colonies henceforward sent into Italy & Sicily came the name of Græcia magna.
Thucydidesaa Thucyd. ib. tells us further that the Greeks began to come into Sicily almost three hundred yeard after the Greeks Siculi had invaded that island with an army out of Italy. And therefore that invasion was almost 631 years before the end of the Peloponnesian war, that is, almost as early as the 27th year of Davids reign. Whence it may be placed in the reign of Solomon. Hellanicusbb Apud Dionys. l. 1. p. 15. tells us that it was in the third generation before the Trojan war, & in the 26 year of the Priesthood of Alcione Priestess of Iuno Argiva: & Philistus of Syracuse that it was 80 years before the Trojan war. Whence it follows that the Trojan war & Argonautic expedition were later then the days of Solomon & Rehoboam.
Dionysius Halycarnassæusaa Dionys. l. 1. p. 15. tells us that in the time of the Argonautic Trojan war Latinus was king of the Aborigenes in Italy, & that in the sixteenth age after that war, Romulus built Rome. For Romulus was contemporary to Numitor By ages he means reigns of Kings// By ages they meant reigns of kings & recconed the – – – both wchwhich numbers makde up the time of about 676 years from the taking of Troy to the building of Rome Refuge according to those Chronologes, & but are much too long for the course of nature And by this recconing
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Libyans with clubs. SoaaHygin. 33 Fab. 2 275. Hyginus: Afra et Ægyptij primum fustibus dimicaverunt, postea Belus Neptuni filius gladi belligeretus est, unde bellum dictum. This is that Hercules who (according to bbApud Athenæum l. IX. p. 392.Eudoxus) was slain by Typhon & who conquered Geryon with his three Sons in Spain, & set up the famous pillars at the Straits mouth called Hercules's pillars & who (according to Ptolomæus Hæphæstion lib. 2) was called Nilus.. Strabo✝✝ lib. 16. p. 776. tells us that the Ethiopians called Megabares, fought with clubs. And some of the Greeks did so till the times of the Trojan war. Now from this hieroglyphical way of writing it came to pass that upon the division of Egypt into Nomes by Sesostris, the great men of the kingdom to whom the Nomes were dedicated, were represented in their sepulchres or Temples of the Nomes, by various hieroglyphicks, as by an Ox, a Cat, a Dog, A Cebus, a Goat, a Lyon, a Scarabæus, an Ichneumen, a Crocodile, a Hippapotamus, an Oxyrinchus, an Ibis, a Crow, an Hawke, a Leek; & were worshipped by the Nomes in the shape of these creatures.
The Atlantides related
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Cap. 1 Chronologia veterum Græcorum & Latinorum emendata
Gentes omnes antequam justa anni solaris magnitudo innotescent menses numerabant per revolutiones Lunæ et amnosaa Genesis c.VII.II & VIII.3,4 c.1.14 & VIII.22. Censorinus c. 18 & 20. Cicero in Verrem. Geminus c. VI. p. 32. per revolutiones tempestatum hiemis, veris, æstatis et autumni. Et in Calendarijs dierum festorum construendis, numerabant dies triginta pro mense & menses duodecim pro anno Unde factum est ut circulus Eclipticæ in gradus 360 divideretur. Sic tempore Diluvij Noachi,a dies trigula pro mubi Luna ui centum et quilquaginta pro incensibus quimque num erantur. Alsi Luna nova ante finem mensis apparuit dies illebCicero in Verrem. pro initio mensis proximi proximi habebatur. Sic Diodorus cDiodor. l. 1. 5. 2. p. 46. de Ægy: ait Menses intercalares [ÆgyptijÆgyptij] non adjiciunt nec dies aliquot subducunt; quod Græcorum plenisque in usu est. Et CicerodCicero in Verrem. de Græcis: Est consuetudo Siculorum cæterorumque Græcorum quod suos dies mensesque congruere volunt cum Solis Lunæque rationibus; ut non nunquam siquid discrepeta, eximant aliquem diem aut summum biduum Ex mense [civili dierum triginta] quos illi έζαιρεσίγὅς dies nominant: Et Proclus in Hesiodi Τριαηὰς mentions the same thing. And GeminuseGem. c. VI. Propositum fuit Veteribus, menses quidem agere secundum Lunam, annos verò secundum Solem. Quod enim a legibus et Oraculis præcipebatur ut Sacrificarent secundum tria, videlicet patria, menses, dies, annos; hoc ita distincte faciebant universi Græci ut annos agerent secundum Solem congruenter cum Sole dies vero et menses cum Luna. Porro seecundum Solem annos agere est circa easdem tempestates anni, eadem sacrificia dijs perfici & vernum sacrificium semper ire vere perfici, æstierum autem in æstate similiter et in reliquis anni tempestatibus temporibus eadem sacrificia eadere. Hoc enim putabunt acceptum esse Dijs et gratum esse Dijs. Hoc autem æliter fieri non posset nisi conversiones & æquinoctia in ijsdem Zodiaci locis fierent. Secundum Lunam verò dies agere est tale ut congruatt cum Lunæ illuminationibus appellationes dierum. Nam a Lunæ illuminationibus appellationes dierum sunt denominatæ. In qua enim die Luna apparet nova, ea per compositionem Neomenia seu Novilunium appellatur. In qua vero die secundam facit apparitionem, eam secundam lunam vocarunt. Apparitionem Lunæ quæ circa medium mensis fit, ab eventu, διχομήνίαν, id est, medietatem mensis nominarunt. Ac – suminatim, omnes dies a Lunæ illuminationibus denominarunt. Unde tricasimam mensis diem, cum ultima sit, ab ipso eventu Τριαηάδα vocarunt.
The ancient Calendar year of the Greeks consisted therefore of
Antiquus igitur Græcorum annus in Græceorum Calendarijs, ex mensibus duodecim constabat, & mensis unusquisque ex diebus trigiuta ex sta. Et hos annos ac menses correbant perpetuo per cursus sSolis et Lunæ, diem unum l des et alterum omittentes quoties mensemis Calendærij Lunarem superaret, et mensem addentes anno quoties menses annos duodecim deficeretat a edita revolutione quatuor tempestatum annei. Cleobulusff Apud Laertium in Cleobulo., unus Sapientum septem, ad hunc annum Græcorum alludebat en Parabola sua de patre quodam qui duodecim habebat filios quorum unusquisque filias hababebating triginta quæ singulæ ex parte erant semialba et seminigure ex parte dimidia albas et ex altera parte dimidia migræs
Et Thales
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et Thalesgg Apud Laertium in Thalete. ultimum mensis diem vocavit tria Τριαηάδα the thirtith. trigesimum. Et Solon ultimos decem dies mensis a tricesimo, retrorsum numerabat, diem illum vocans app nominans ὅυιω ηὶ νέαν, the old & the new. Hic menses introduxit dierum 29 & 30 alternatim, & quoties mensis erat dierum 29, mensem proximum incipiebata die trigesimo.
Add menses Lunares duodecim hh Censorinus c. 18. Herod. l. 2 prope initium. kGræci antiquitus mensem decimum tertium annis alternis addebant; nde rt fat et hoc biennium Dieterida nominabant. Dieterida. Et cum Dieterides quatuor superærent annos octo solares uno menses in anno in fine hupis intea temporis mensem intercalerem omittebant, & c hoc temporis intervallum nominabant Oetaeteridæ, jusque dimidium erateorum dieteris. Hæ tres periodi antiquitate sua Græcorum reliqiones æquare videntur. in eorum utique sacres nonnullis locum habentes. Octaæeriskk Apollodor. l. 3. p. 169. Strabo l. 16. p. 476. Homer Odyss. Τ, vers. 179. erat Annus magnus. Cædmi et Minois & in Gretam et Græciam introducta videtur a Phœnicibus qui cum Cadmo et Europa in has regiones venerunt, et in usu fuisse ad usque Herodioti tempora . Is enimll Herod. l. 1 annos septuaginta numerando, pro mense habet dies triginta & pro anno duodecim ejusmodi menses seu dies 460 absque mensibus intercalaribus et pro Dieteride menses ejusmodi viginti quinque. Et pro numero dierem in Anno Calendarij, Demetrus Phalareus statuæ 360 Demetrio Phalaræo ab GræcsAtheniensibus erectæ sunt. Sed Astronomi Græci Demetrius Phalaræus Cleostratus, Harpalus & alij, ut menses eorum paulo melius cum cursu Lunaæ congruerent, tempore Imperij Persici, modum intercalendi tres Octaeridis menses mutarunt & ,emses intercalarunt anno eOctaerides vel secundo, quarto et septimo, vel tertio quinto secundo quinto et septimo vel tertio quinto et octavo. Et Meto deinceps cyclum invenit menses intercalandi septem in annis novendecim.
Ægyptiorum annus antiquus erat eliam Luni solaris. Nam Moses hunc annum ex Ægypto tulit. Et DiodorusmDiodor. l. 3. c. 4 affirmat quod Uranum Hparionis patem hunc annum usurpasse, &nn Diodor l. 1. c. 3. sacerdotes in templo Osiridis paculpaterœs 360 singulis diebus lacte implevisse, id est, ni fallor singulis diebus singulas, ut dies in anno numerarnent, et sic sola numerum dierum investigarent in anno solari. Uranus illa erat Ammon Sesost Ideoque annus Ægyptiorum erat Luni – solaris ad usque Osiridis mortem Osiridis. Populum Israelis anno solari usum esse certisssimum est. Eorum menses cuma neomenijs inciperunt. Mensis primus ab aristis segetum tune vegetantium dictus fuit Abib. Pascha die decimo quarto ejusdem mensis celebratum fuit, Luna plena Primitiæ segetum eodem fæsto offerebantur. Messis ante festum Pentecostas in hordeo fuit. Fructus reliqui omnes collect faerunt ante Festum mensis septimi. Rex quidem David duodecim tantum Satellitum ordines mensibus totidem respondentes: sed hoc ita intelligendum est ut mense intercalari seu decimo tertio, Ordo ille serviat que alias mense primo anni sequentis servire debuisset. Et sic deinceps in perpetuum.
Simplicius in Commentario suo in librum quintum Physicæ Aasis Astotelis Auscultationis
Simpliciusoo Theodor. Gazam de mensibus. exponens quintum Physicæ auscultationis Aristotelis: Quæ, inquit, facimus initia, anni quidem, vel ad æstiuum solstitium, ut Attica; vel ad autumnale æquinoctium, ut terræ quæ nunc Asia dicitur incolæ vel circa brumam, ut Romani; vel circa æquinoctium vernum, ut Arabes et Damasceni: mensis vero, ut quidam volunt, plenilunium aut novilunium: hæc erunt positione. Harum igitur gentium anni erant Slares luni-solares, & eadem semper anni temp per quatuor anni temprestatates numerabantur, ad unam aliquam & eandem anni tempestatem semper incipientes. Assyriorum etiam & Chaldæorum annus erat antiquus erat Lunisolaris.
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Talis enim erat annus Samaritanorum qui e diversis Imperij Assyriorum partibus in Terram sanctam reversi sunt; ut et Iudæorum qui e Babylone reversi sunt, Nam hi et qui menses suis a mensibus Babyloni lunaribus Babyloniorum denominarunt. Berosuspp. Apud Athenæum l. 14. etiam tradit Babylonios festum Sacra diedecimo sexto mensis Loi qui mensis erat Lunaris Macedoniorum celebrasse. Arabes (gensesquorum colonia erat Babylon, mensibus Lunaribus adhuc utuatur. Et sSuidasqSuidas in Σάροι. narrat Sarum Babyloniorum Chaldæorum ex mensibus Lunaribus 222 (forte 223) constare Hoc utique temporis intervallo Luna ad motus suos priores revertitur quamproxime. Et Cyrusrr Herod. l. 1., fluvium Gyndes in 360 rivulos secando. allusisse videtur æd ad numerum dierum in anno civili secundum Calendarum Medorum et Persarum.
Tandem Ægyptij, navigationis gratia, sisi applicuerunt ad observationes siderum, et per eorum prtus & occasus Heliacos veram anni solaris magnitudinem invenerunt, ea et hunc annum anno diebus quinque majorem esse ad annum mensium duodecim addiderunt, constituentes annum dierum 365. Straboss Strabo l. 17. p. 816. et Diodorustt Diodor, l. 1. p. 32. d. inventionem anni huius Ægyptijs Thebanis tribuunt. Thebani maxime sacerdotes, inquit, Astronomiam pPhilosophiamque exercere dicuntur. Hi non Lunæ sed Solis cursu, annos num erant, triginta dierum duodecim mensibus quorum quisque triginta diebus constetdiebus, quinque dies quotannis adjieientes. In memri perpetuam hujus emendationis anni Æg veteris in emoriam, uu Plutarch de Iside Osiride et Iside. Diodor. l. 1. p. 9.Ægyptij dies quinque addititios Osiridi, Isidi, Oro seniori, Typhoni et Nephthy Typhonis uxori dedicarunt, fugentes dies hosca anno veteri additos fuisse quo tempore Principes illi quinque nati fuerunt, id est, Ammone eorum patre regnante. Quinetiamxx Hecatæus apud Diodor. l. 1. c. 4. in Sepulchro Amenophis qui post Orum juniorem Osiridis filium regnabat, circulum locarunt aur tectum cujus ambitus erat cubitorum 365 et in partes totidem æquales dividebatur pro numero dierum in anno; & in unaquaque parte notabant oretus & occasus heliacos siderum eodemdie apparentes. Et hic circulus ibi manebat ad usque Cambysis imperium Cambysis qui regnum Ægyptorumum invæsit & aurum abstulit. Urano Hyperionis patre et Helij ac Selenes avo, (id est Annone) regnante Thebani sese ad Navigationem & Astronomiam applicuerunt, & per Siderum ortus & occasus Heliacos magnitudinem anni solaris investigarunt. Et Amenophi postea regnante, cum per diuturnas observationes solstitium æstivum salis accurate determinaresteut verisimile est cos initium anni j præditinovi solaris ad Æquinoctium verum locasse. Et hic annus in Chaldæam tandem propagatus ansam dedit annoÆræ Nabonassaris. Nam Mensis primus annorum Nabonassaris eodem semper die incepit cum Mense primo annorum Ægypti quem vocarunt Thoth, & eadem erat anni utriusque forma. Et primus Nabonassaris annus die 26 mensis Februarij cæpit annis ante Æram Christi vulgarem septingentis et quadrinta septem, et ante diebus triginta tribus & horis quinque, secundum motum medium Solis. Nam Solis motum verum, primus illis Astronomiæ nascentis temporibus innotuisse, non est verisimile. Iam cum verus annus solaris annum Ægyptium dierum 365 superet excessu horraum quinque et minutorum quadraginta quinque novema principium anni postenoris regirediendo movebitur cof deficiet a principio anni prioris spatio dierum 33 & horraum quinque in annis 137 Ægptijs. Ideoque hic annus cæpit ab Æquinoctio verno apud Ægyptios annis 137 anteq Æram Nabonassari, id est anno Periadi Iulianæ 3830 seu annis 96 post mortem Solomonis. Et Hunc annum Persæ acceperunt a Babylonijs, et Græci eodem usi sunt in Æra Philippæa a morte Alexandri data, et eandem Iulius Cæsar correxit addendo diem ad unumquodque quadrennium, & sic annū Romanorum constituit.
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Anni solaris qui cæpit ab Æquinoctio, initium (ob mensem intercalem) errare solebat æquinoctio nunc in antecedentia nunc in consequentia eiste et error uterque ad usque dies quindecim ascendere potait. Et error hicce ansam dedit primis Astronomis qui formabant Asterismos, locandi Æquinoxia & Solstitia in medijs signorum Arietis, Cancri, Chelæ, & Capricorni. AchillesaIsagoge sect. 3. Tatius de venteribus ita scribit: Solstitium alij initio cancri fieri voluntialij in octava parte; alij circa duodeciman; alij circa decimam quintam. Hæcca optinionum varietas ab Æquinoxiorum præcessione tim habit per ea tempora Græcis ignota ortum habuit. Ubi Sphæra primum formata fuit, Solstitium (ab rationem jam dictam) in gradæ deim medio Cancri sive in gradu ejus decimo quinto locabatur. Inde recedendo devenit paulatim in gradum duodecimum, octavum, quartum & primum successive. Eudoxus qui Metoni erat synchonus, describendo sphæram veterum, locavit Solstitia et Æquinoctia in medijs Constellationum Arietis, Cancri, Chælæ, & Capricorni, utbHipparch ad Phænom. l. 2 sect. 3 a Petavio edit. Hipparchus Bithynus affirmat. Id quod etiam patet per descriptionem circuli Æquinoctialis & Curculorum Tropicalium apud Aratumcc Hipparch ad Phænon. l. 1, sect. 2. qui Eudoxum secutus est, & per positiones Coluri æquinoctialis et Coluri solstitialis, qui in sphæra Eudoxi & sph ab Hipparcho descripta, per medium harum Constellationum transibant. Hipparchus enim narrat Eudoxum Colurum solstitiorum per medium Ursæ majoris & per medium Cancri & per collum Hydri & per stellam inter puppim & malum navis Argo & caudam Piscis australis; & per medium Capricorni ut et Sagittæ, & per collum et alam dextram Cygni, & per manum sinistram Caphei. Et quod Colurum Æquionoctialem duxit per manum sinistram Arctophylacis, & per medium corporis ejus & per medium Chelæ. et per manum dextram & genu præcedens Centauri, & per flexuram Eridani & caput Ceti, & dorsum Arietis transversim, & per caput et manum dextram Persei.
Iam vero Chiron delineavit Χήματα Ὀλύμπὅ Asterismos, ut uti author ille vetustusvetustus Gigantomachiæ add Strom. 1. p. 306, 332. Clemente Alexandrino eítatus tradit. Nam Chiron erat Astronomus practicus: id quod etiam ibi ee Laertius Proæm. l. 1.de ejus filia Hippone intielligendum est. Et Musæus Emolpi filius & Orphei præceptor & Argonautarum unus sSphæram construxit & primus habetur Græcorum habetur qui hoc fecit. Et sphæram ipso tempore ab Asterismishujus Expeditionis formatam fuisse ab ipsis Astrerismis ediscere licet Ibi enim sunt Aries aureus insigne asis navis qua Phyrxus Colchon fugit, Taurus cum ungulis æneis quam a Iasone domitus, Gemini Castor et Pollux duo ex Argonautarum numero, una eum Cygno matris eorum Ledæ. Ibi habetur navis Argo, & Hydra draco vigilans, una cum& Poculā Medeæ et Corvus cadaveri insistens, symbolum mortis. Ibi Chiron Iasonis magister depingitur una cum ejus Alari Altari et Sacrificio.Ibi cernitur Hercules argonauta una cum ejus Sagitta et Uulture cadente, & Dracone, Canero, & Leone quos occidit, et Orphei argonautæ Lyra. Hæc omnia ad Argonautas spectant. Ibi sunthabetur Orion Minois nepos Argonautis synchronus, una cum ejus cCanibus, Lepore, Fluvio & Scorpione. Ibi habetur historia Persei in constellationibus Persei, Andromadæ, Cephēs Cassiopæiæ & Cetis. Illa Icarci & ejus filiæ Erigones in in Boote, Plaustro & Virginis. Illa Callistus & ejus filij Arcadis in Ursa majore et Arctophylace.Ursa minor erat nutric Iovis ad nutricem Iovis refertur, Auriga ad Erechthonium, Ophiuchus ad Phorbantem, Sagittarius ad Crotum cCentaurum filium
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nutricis Musarum, Capricornum ad Pana, & Aquarius ad Ganimedem. Ibi habetur Corona Ariadnes, Equus Bellerophontis, Delphinus Neptutuni, Aquila Ganimedis, Hirus Io Capra Iovis cum Hædis, Asini Bacchi, Pisces Veneris & Cupidinis & eorum parens Piscis australis. Et hæc una cum Deltoto Ægypti symbolo) omnes Constellationes antiquæ ab Arato e descriptæ: et hæ omnes ad Argonautas pertinent et eorum contemporaneos & ad homines generatione una vel duabus antiquiores. Et nihil ea expeditione recentius ibi primitus delineatum fuit. Antinous & Coma Berenices recentia sunt signa. Et his ita se habentibus, Sphæra viditur a Chirone et Musæo efformata in usum Argonautarum. Navis enim Argo erat prima navium longarum a Græcis constructa. Hactenus Græci ei Græci nab ratibus onerarijs usi sunt fuerant & per juxta littora tantum navigabaruant: iam vero Græcorum Heroes Græcorum per mare profundum, dictanteff Apollodor l. 1. c. 9. sect. 16. Oraculo & consentiebus Græcorum Principibus, ad Reges plures mettide erant littora maris Euxini et mediteranei incoleutes mittendi erant & navis per st situm fixarum dirigenda. Inventionem Sphæræ Corcyra tribuebant gg Suidas in Ἀναγαλλίς. Aliæ Nausicaæ Alcinoi Pheacum regis filiæ. Et verisimile est ipsam ab Argonautis han dedsseedoctam fuissehh Apollodor. l. 1. c. 9 sect. 25. qui utique in eorum reditu Alcinoum salutarunt at ab eodem comiter recepti sunt. Constat igitur cardinalia Æquinoctiorum et solstitiorum puneta tempore Expeditionis Argonauticæ, in in medijs Signorum Arietis, Cancri, Chela & Capricorni sita fuisse.
Initio anni 16890 stella quæ dictur prima Arietis, erat in ♈ 28gr. 51′. 00″, cum Latitudine boreali 7gr. 8′. 58″. Et stella quæ dicitur ultimæ caudæ erat in ♉ 19gr. 3′. 42″ cum Latitudine boreali 2gr. 34′. 5″. Et Colurus Æquinoctiorum qui per punctum in medio interstellas hasce duas situm transijt, tunc secabat Eclipticam in ♉ 6gr. 44′. Et per hunc calculum punctum Æquinoctium, initio anni 1690, offecerat 36gr. 44′ recedendo ab initio tempore Expeditionis Argonauticæ erat in ♉ 6gr 44, adeoque initio anni 1690 confecerat 36gr 44′ regrediendo. Sed præstat situm p primitivum punctorum cardinalium per stellas fixas p determinare per quas Coluri tunc transibant. Per Colurum Æqut solstitiorum circulum maximum intelligo qui lineam Eclipticam in solstitijs ad angulum rectum secat: et per Colurum Æquinoctiorum, circulum maæimum qui Eclipticam secat in Æquinoxijs secat in angulo gradecum 66 1/2. qui complementum est Declinationis maximæ Solaris anguli in quo Ecliptica et Æquator se / Per Coluros intelligo Circulos duos maximos qui transcunt per Polos mundi & pncta cardinalia transc Solstitiorum & Æquinoxorum puncta transceunt: quorum ille qui per solstitia transit est colurus Solstitiorum & alter Colurus Æquinoctiorum dicitur.
In dorso Arietis stella, est magnitudinis sextæ, Bayero ν. Initio anni 1690 Longitudo ejus erat ♉ 9gr. 38′. 45″ & Latitudo borealis 6gr. 7′. 56″. Et Colurus Æquinoctiorum per eandem ductus secabat Eclipticam in ♉ 6gr. 58′. 57″. In capite Ceti duæ sunt stellæ magnitudinis quartæ Bayero ν & ζ. Initio anni 1690 Longitudines earum erant ♉ 4gr. 3′. 9″ & ♉ 3gr 7′gr. 35″. & Latitudines australes 9gr. 12′. 26″ & 5gr. 53′. 7″. Et Colurus Æquinoctiorum transiens per medium punctum inter has stellas secat Eclipticam in ♉ 6gr. 58′. 51″. In ultima Eridani flexura recte delineata stella extat magnitudinis quartæ, a recentioribus Astromis in pectore Ceti delineata, Bayero p male delineato posita. Eadem est unica Eridina stella per quam Colurus hicce transire potest. In prci Initio anno 1690 Longituo ejus erat ♈ 25. 22. 10 & latitudo australis 25. 15. 50 Et Colurus Æquinoctiorum per eandem transiens secat Eclipticam in ♉ 67gr. 12′. 40″. In capite Persec recte delineato stella extat magnitudinis
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quartæ, Bayero Τ. Initio anni 1690, Longitudo hujus stellæ erat ♉ 23. 25. 30 & Latitudo borealis 34. 20. 12. Et Colurus Equinoctialis per eandem transiens secat Eclipticam in ♉ 6. 18. 57. Initio anni 1690 In Persec manu dextera recte delineata, Stella extat magnitudinis quartæ, Bayero ν. Initio anni 1690 ejus Longitudo erat ♉ 24. 23. 27 & Latitudo Borealis, 37. 26. 50. Et Colurus Æquinoctialis per eandem transiens Eclipticam secat in ♉ 4. 56′. 40″. Et par pars quinta summ æ locerum Longitudinum in quibus hi quinque Coluri Eclipticam secabant est ♉ 6gr 29′. 21″. Et propterea circulus maximus qui tempore Expeditionis Argonauticæ Colurus erat Æquinoxiorum per stellas supra nominatas transiens, in principio anni 1690 Eclipticam secabat in ♉ 6. 29′. 15″, quatenus ex observationibus veterum, quæ crassæ erant, determinare licuit.
In medio Cancri australis est Asellus, stella magnitudinis quartæ Bayero δ. Ejus Longitudo in fine anni Initio anni 1690 ejus Longitudo erat ♌ 4gr. 23′. 40″. In Collo Hydræ recte delineato stella extat magnitudinis quartæ Bayero δ. Initio anni 1690, Longitudo ejus initio anni 1690 erat ♌ 5. 59. 3. Inter Puppim & navem Argus stella extat magnitudinis tertiæ, Bayero ι. Initio anni 1690 Longitudo erat ejus erat ♌ 7. 5. 31. In Sagitta extat stella magnitudinis sextæ Bayero θ Longitudo ejus inctio anni 1690 erat ♒ 6. 29. 53. In medio Capricorni stella erat magnitudinis quintæ Bayero η. Longitudo ejus initio anni 1690 erat ♒ 8. 25. 55. Et pars quinta summæ Longitudinum trium primorum, & complementorum Longitudinum duarum posteriorum ad gradus 180, est ♌ 6gr. 28′. 46″. Et propterea Colurus solstitiorum, qui transit quamproxime per stellas quinque prædictas Eclipticam secat in ♌ 6. 28. 46. Colurus idem transit per punctum medium inter stellas η & χ magnitudinis quartæ in collo Cygni, ab utraque quasi invallo gradus unius hinc inde distans. Transit etiam per stellam η magnitudinis quartæ in ala dextra Covui, & per stellam ο magnitudinis quintæ in Cephei mani dextra recte delineata, & per stellas in cauda Piscis australis. & Colurum Æquinoxiorum supra inventum ad angulos rectos secat: et sic omnes habet characteres Coluri solstitiorum recte delineati.
Coluri igitur qui tempore Expeditionis Argonauticæ Eclipticam in punctis cardinalibus secabant, in principio anni 1690 eandem secabant in ♉ 6. 29′, ♌ 6. 29′, ♏ 6. 29′ & 6. 29′ ex Observationibus veterum. Et propterea puncta cardinalia Solstitiorum et Æquinoctiorum, intervallo temporis ab Expeditione Argonautica ad initium anni 1690, reedendo regrediendo descripserunt 1sign 6gr. 29′: qui motus, computando annos 72 pro regressu gradus unius, tempus annorum 2627 requirit. Numerentur hi anni retrorsum ab initio anni 1690, et calculatio locabit Expeditionem Argonauticam in anno a morte Solomonis quadresimo tertio locabit.
Longitudo stellæ primæ Ariestis initio anni 1690 erat ♈ 28g. 51′ ut supra Deducatur 1sig. 6gr.. 29′, et Longitudo ejus ab Æquinoctio, tempore Expeditionis Argonauticæ, proveniet ♓ 22gr 22′. Et simili computo Longitudo Lucidæ Pleiadum tempore Epeditionis eillius proveniet ♈ 19gr. 26′. 8″. Et longgitudo Arcturi proveniet ♍ 13gr. 24′. 52″. Et sic in alijs stellis.
Post Expeditionem Argonauticam nihil amplius de rebus Astronomicis occurrit ad usque. Thaleskk Laert. in Thalete. Plin. l. 2. c. 12. Astronomian restituit, & librum de Tropicis et Æquinoxijs
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scripsit et prædixit Eclipsus. Et Pliniusll Plin. l. 18. c. 23. tradit ipsum Pleiadum occasum matutinum in diem vigesimā quintaum post Æquinoctium autumnale pro ex observationibus collocasse. Et inde mPetav. Var. Diss. l. 1. c. 5. can. 19. Petavius computavit Longitudinem Pleiadum in ♈ 23gr. 53′. Et propterea Lucida Pleiadum post Expeditionem Argonauticam & regreauxerat Longitudinem suam ab Æquinoctio, gradibus 4. 26′. 52″. Et hic motus pronendo gradum unum annis 72 confici, annos 320 requirit. Numerentur hi anni retrorsum a tempore quo Thales juvenis essæat & se ad studia Astronomica applicare inciperet, id est ab Olympiade 44 circiter & computus locabit Expeditionem Argonauticam in anno a morte Solomonis quadragesimo quarto circiter, ut supra Et hic computus Solstitia & Æquinoxia in medio undecimi gradus signorum tempore Thaletis locabit. Sed Thales edendo librum suum de Tropicis & Æquinoxijs, deflectere potuit aliquantulum ad opinionem priorum Astronomorum priorum & hæc puntcta cardinalia in gradu duodecimo signorum locare.
Meton & Euctemon,nn Petav. Doct. Temp. l. 4. c. 265. cum cyclum Lunarem ænnorum novendecim in lucem edere vellent, observarunt solstitium æstivum, idque anno Nabonassari 316, anno proxime ante initium belli Peloponesiaci. Et Columellaoo Columel. l. 9. c. 14. Plin. l. 18. c. 25. tradit idem ab ipsis in octavo gradu C Constellationis Cancri locatum fuisse. Ideoque Solstitium regrediendo descripserat gradus septem Iam vero Solstitium regrediendo peragit gradum unum annis 72 & gradus septem annis 504. Numerentur hi anni 504 deorum sursum ab anno Nabonassari 316, et Expeditio Argonautica incidet in annum ab obitu Solomonis quadragesimum quartum ut supra.
Hipparchus Rhodius, Astronomus ille magnus, conferendo observationes suas cum ijs Astronomorum priorum, primus omnium detexit Æquinoctia in antecedentia moveri respectu fixarum. Is vero statuit hunc motum esse gradus unius in annis centum: et habuit Observationes suas de Æquinoxctijs ab anno Nabonassari 586 ad usque annum 618, seu annis circiter 286 post Observationem prædictam Metonis & Euctemonis. Et hoc annorum intervallo Æquinoctium regrediendo describere debuit gradus quatuor respectu fixarum, & sic ffuisse tempore Hipparchi fuisse in Arietis gradu quarto. Et propterea a tempore Expeditionis Argonauticæ id est annis 1090 secundum Chronologiam eorum temporum, describere debuit gradus undecim regrediendo. Et hoc motus describitur gradus unus in annis centum utitunc Hipparchus statuit. Ast Æquinoctium regrediendo vere confecit gradum unum in annis septuaginta duobus & gradus undecim in annis 792. A tempore Hipparchi numerentur anni 792 in antecedentia, & computus locabit Expeditionem Argonauticam in anno a morte Solomonis quadragesimo quarto circiter, ut supra. Græci igitur Expeditionem Argonauticam annis circiter trecentis antiquiorem fecerunt quam par erat, et hoc pacto ansam dederunt sententiæ Hipparchi motum gradus unius in annis centum Æquinoctio tribuentis.
Hesiodus affirmat stellam Arcturum diebus sexaginta post solstitium hypernum oriri eo ipso temparis momento quo sol occidit. Ad ejus usque sæculum et diu postea Solstitia locabantur in medijs signorum, propterea quod eorum motus verus tunc ignorabatur. Erat autem Aphelium Solis tempore Hesiodi in ♉ 24. In diebus illis sexaginta, & horis propesex a meridie ad occasums Solis, Sol moveri debuit a solstitio hyberno in ♓ 0gr. 10′. Et Eclipticæ punctum oppositum quod codem tempore cum Arcturo oriebatur, esse debuit in ♓6gr. 10′. ♍ 0gr.. 10′. Arcturi Latitudo borealis est 30gr. 57′. & elevatio Poli ad Montem Helicon prope Athenas ubi Hesiodus vixit, erat 37gr 45′ secundum Ptolomæum. Et inde Ricciolus (Lib. VI Almagest. cap. XX Prob. 8) methodum docet computandi excessum
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longitudinis Arcturi supra longitudinem prædicti puncti oppositi Eclipticæ. Et per computum inveni quod hic excessus sit 11gr. 14′. Qui longitudini ♍ 0gr. 10′ additus, dat longitudinem Arcturi ♍ 11gr. 24′. Quando Sol occidens jam modo ex occulis evanuit, ejus limbus seperior minutis primis 33 horizonte inferior est tot utique minutis elevatus primis elevatus per refractionem atmosphæræ, & centrā ejus adhuc inferius est minutis primis 16, id est Horizonte inferius minutis primis 49: et pars Eclipticæ inter Horizontem et centrum Solis arcus est minutorum primorum 62. Et quando stella illa jam modo exorieus in ipsa Horizonte apparuit, eadem Horizonte inferior fuit minutis primis 33. tot utique minutis elevatus per refractionem. A Et arcus inter Horizontem et stellam in parallelo Latitudinis stellæ illius captus, primorum fuit minutorum 41 1/4. Et summa arcuum fuit minutorum praimorum 103 1/4. Et hæc minuta La addita Longitudini stellæ quæ fuit ♍ 11. 24′, dat Arcturi longitudinem correctam in ♍ 13. 7 1/4. Longitudo st stellæ hujus tempore expeditionis Argonauticæ supra inventa, erat ♍ 13. 24. 32. Et differentiæ est 17′. 37″. Quæ tam parva est ut in crassis Veterum observationibus sentiri vix potuisset, et evanescet si inter observationem Solis jamjam Occidentis qua occuli perstringcrentur, & observationem stellæ orientis post visum restitutum, negligatur tempus minuti unius primi.
Et his omnibus arrgumentis a crassis veterum observationibus desumptis, certum esse videtur, Epeditionem Argonauticam regno Solomonis antiquiorem non fuisse, & maxime probabile est eadem in annum a morte Regis illius quadragessimum vel quadragesimum quintum circiter incidisse.
Bellum Trojanum expeditione illa posterius erat generatione una: Name Duces in eo bello non pauci fuerunt filij Argonautarum.
Expeditione illa bellum Trojanum posterias erat una generatione Nam filij Argonautarum fuere Duces TrojanGræcorum in eo bello. Et veteres tradiderunt Memnona seu Amenophen Ægyptio regassefuisse tempore belli illius Susis regnasse eumque fuisse filium Tithoni fratris natu majoris Priami Trojanorum regis, et sub finem belli illius Susis in subsidium Priami cum exercitu venisse. Am enophis igitur synchronus erat filij Priami Susis igitur regnabat tempore belli ll Trojani ex sententia veterum et subinde in Ægyptum redire potuit, & regionem illam Ædificijs & Obeliscis & Statuis ornare et ibi annis circiter 90 vel 95 post mortem Solomonis obire postquam initium anni novi dierum 365 ad æquinoctium vernum collocasset, in cujus rei memoriam Ægyptij monumentum prædictum struxerunt struxisse videntur.
Sic argumentis duobus ab Astronomia patitis, uno altero ab Æquinoctiorum præcessione & altero ab Æra anni Thebani, patet Expeditionem Argonauticam in annum a morte Solomonis quadragesimum vel quadragesimum quintum circiter incidisse, et annum ultimum belli Trojani fuisse annum septuagesimum circiter quintum circiter a morte Solomonis, & Amenophim annis arciter 90 vel 95 post Solomonem obijsse. Et horum veritas plenius elucescet ubi ostensum fuerit Sesostridem esse & g Sesacum & gentes invassisse ætate una ante Expeditionem Argonauticam. Iam vero hæ computationes a recepta Græcorum Chronologia dissentientes ansam nobis præbent inquirendi in occasionem & originesm & hujus discrepantiæ.
Europæi nullam nullam habuere Chronologiam ante tempora Imperij Persarum. Et eorum Chronologia omnis ad res gestas antiquiores, speitans, recentius conjectando composita fuit conjectando. Sub initio Imperij illius Acusilaus quidam finxit Phoronæum Ogygi et ejus diluvio synchronum fuisse, et diluvium illud annis 1020Olympiade prima antiquius fuisse Oly
annis 1020.piade prima
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Chap. 1. Of the times before the Assyrian Empire.
The first men after the flood lived in caves of the earth & woods & planes well watered by rivers for feeding their heards & flocks, such as were the planes of Babylonia, Assyria, Susiana & Egypt. By degrees they cut updown the woods & learnt to build houses & towns in the p of brick in the planes & to live in society under laws & governments. And this gave occasion to the rise of the first kingdom cities & kingdoms in the fertile planes of Assyria Babylonia & Egypt. From thence men spread into places less fertile & as they spread erected built towns & erected governmentssome of them some of them as the Phenicians & Syrians built towns & erected govermtsgovernments, butwhilst others, as the Scythians continued their first way of living & the Europæans coming from them on the back side of the Euxine sea, continued their first way of living till they were civilized by colonies of Egyptians & Phenicians.
Idolatry had its rise from the worshipping the founders of cities kingdoms & Empires & began in Chaldea a little before the days of Abraham, most probably by the worship of Nimrod the first Monarch menteioned in history. Till Abrahams days the worship of the true God propagated down from Noah to his posterity continued in some cities of Canaan as is manifest by the instance of Melchizedek. But in a little time the Canaanites began to worship imitate the Chaldees in worshipping the founders of their cities & dominions, calling them Baalim & Melcom & Asteroth Lords & Kings & Queens, sacrificing to them upon their gravestones & in their sepulchres & directing their worship to their Statues as their representatives & instituting Colleges of Priests wthwith sacred rites to perpetuate their worship. And when colonies of Phenicians came into Greece & Afric the& taught them to first inhabitants to form themselves into cities & governments, they taught them also to worship their dead kKings & Heros. And this practice of deifying dead Princes & erecting Temples to them with Priests lasted in Egypt & Syria & Greece till after the death of Solomaon & Rehoboam.
For when Daviidaa 1 Sam. 8.10. 1 King. 11. smote Hadad–ezer king of Zobah & slew the Syrians of Damascus who came to assist him, Rezen fled from his Lord Hadad–ezar & gathering a band of men became their capitain & reigned in Damascus over Syria. His is called Hezion 1 King 15.18, & his successors were Tabrimon, Hadad or Ben–hadad, Hazael, Ben–hadad, , , Rezen. In the reign of the last Rezen, Tiglathpulaser captivated the Syrians & put an end to their kingdom. Now IosephusbIoseph. Antiq l. 9. c. 2 tells us that the – Syrians till his days worshipped both Adar (that is Adad or Benadad) & his successor Hazael as Gods for their benefactions & for building Temples by wchwhich they adorned the city Damascus. For, saith he, they daily celebrate solemnities in honour of those Kings & boast their antiquity not knowing that they were novel & lived not above eleven hundred years ago. Iustincc. Iustin. l. 36. calls the first of these kings Damascus, saying that the city had its name from him & that in honour of him the Syrians worshipped his wife Arathes as a Goddes using her sepulchre for a Temple. And from hence its manifest that the eastern nations continued to deify their victorious kings till after the death of Hazael, that is, till an hundred & forty years after the death of Solomon or above.
239
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240
g Seesostris lasted
In Solomons days the Phænicians & Israelites trading together upon the red Sea spent three years in every voyage, which slowness shews that navigation was then in its infancy. At that time the Phenicians of Sidon as was said had the trade & dominion of the Mediterranean. Anddd Euseb. n. 1230 Sesac obteined the dominion of those seas next after the Phenicians & is reputed the first Egyptian who built long ships & he seems to have exceeded all others of that age both for number & greatness of the vessels having a fleet of 400 sail in the Red sea & another in the Mediterranean by which he attact Cyprus & Phænicia & many of the Islands of the Cyclades. He built one ship of cedar wchwhich was 280 cubits long. In one of these new invented long ships Danaus came to Greece & this was the first ship wchwhich the Greeks ever saw. Before the coming of this ship men sailed upon the Mediterranean only in great Boats or Barges invented in the Red Sea among the Islands by king Erythra, but now the Greeks built the ship Argo like that of Danaus For both these ships had fifty oars & Argo was the first long ship built by the Greeks. After the example of Sesostristhe Phenicians & Egyptians Minos the son of Europa got a fleet & obteined the dominion of the Greek seas & in his reign Dædalus found out masts & sails, so that shipping in the age of Sesac & Minos received its greatest improvement.
As the Egyptians ascribed to Mercury all ingenious inventions relating to arts & sciences so they attributed to king Osyris their king several thingsgreat works done by king Sesostris. For they tell us that Osyris built Thebes with an hundred gates &eDiodorus lib 1 c. 1,2. magnificent Temples & golden Altars & in his days Projectors & ingenious Artists were in great esteem & in Thebes were Goldsmiths & Brasiers for making Arms & instruments for husbandry & Images of the Gods & Golden Altars & that he went through the world with a great army & taught men to plant vines & sow corn & reduced them from brutish to civil lives: That there went along with him those that were skilful in husbandry as Maro in planting of vines & Triptolemus in sowing of corn. That in passing thorugh Ethiopia Arabia & India. he built many cities & took care to have statues of himself set up in every place as lasting monuments of his expedition that having passed through the rest of Asia he transported his army through the Hellespont into Europe & in Trance killed Lycurgus king of the Barbarians & appointed Triptolemus to till the land in Attica & where wines would not grow he taught to make drink of barley & brought back with him into Egypt the most pretious and
richest
cciapeα oardanc cing struck terror into his enemy.e The same Osiris built Nysa in Ino therefore planted Ivy there, the only place in India where Ivy grewff Diodor. l. 1. c. 2.. And therefore he is the great Dionysus or Bacchus of yethe east.
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the history er the point out the time of his reign. For Lycurgus & Tp lived but one or two generations before the expedition of the Argonauts, aa Diodorus lib. 3 c. 4Lycurgus being contemporary to Tharops the grandfather of Orpheus & bPlutarch in Theseo.Triptolemus to Persephone the wife of Airdoneus king of the Molossi in Epire whose daughter Proserpina Theseus & Perithous attempted to steale away.
#Osiris went &c# Orisis went through the world with very little use of arms, using rather music & verses by wchwhich he softened enticed perwadeda & intructed the nationsaa Plutarch in Iside. aPlutarch i For he loved Musick mirth & jollity & took great pleasure in musick & dancing & carried along with him a train of Musicians of whom nine were Virgins & excellent singers & expert in other thingsskilled in the liberal sciences (whom the Greeks called Muses) of whom Apollo (who accompanied Osiris in his expedition) was captain, being thence called Μὅσσιγήτης, & the satyrs that is men who are skilled in dancing or naturally inclined to skipping dancing & singing & other sorts of mirth were taken in as part of his army under the command of Pan. He built Nysa in India & planted Ivy there, the only place in India where Ivy grew.bb Diodor l. 1 c. 2 And therefore he is the great Dionysus or Bacchus of the East.
For this Bacchus with his armies went through Ægypt Syria Phrygia Thrace & the Indies, taught the nations the planting of vines & the use of wine, slew Lycurgus in Thrace & leaving pillars there & in the Indies wthwith inscriptions returned back to Thebes.cc Diodor l. 3 c. 4. Apollodor. l. 3. c. 5. He built Nysa a town of India upon the river Indus at the foot of the mountain Merus wchwhich he covered planted with Ivy the only place in India where Ivy grew, & left part of his army there as the inhabitants related to Alexander the greatdd Arrian. l. 5 p. 101.. The town was for the seat of his Empire in India & the Ivy for their use in war. From the name of that mountain wchwhich in Greek signifies a thigh came the fable that Bacchus was born of Iupiters thighee Plin. Nat. Hist l. 6. c. 21.. The Arabians worshipped but two Gods Uranus (or rather Urania) & Bacchus & he was that Bacchus being worshipped by them for his victories propagated as far as Indiaff Arrian l. 7 p. 161.. In his way towards India he made a bridge over Euphrates at the city Zeugma where they kept a rope till the days of Pausanias twisted of vine & ivy branches wthwith wchwhich he tyed the bridgegg Pausan. Phocis. c. 29. p. 860. This Bacchus, not the son of Semele, was enterteined in Attica by Semachus in the reign of Amphictyon the son of Deucalionhh Euseb. Chron. gr.: And to him was built a temple in
Attica
This is the great Bacchus of the East who with his armies went through the regions Thrace & the Indies taught the Nations the planting of vines & use of wine slew Lycurgus in Thrace & leaving pillars in the Indies with inscriptions returned back to Thebes (Diodor. l. 3. c 4. Apollodor l 3 c 5) For Bacchus was the Egyptian Osiris‡For the Egyptians dedicated Ivy to Osiris as other nations do to Bacchus✝.
‡For the Egyptians dedicated Ivy to Osiris as other nations do to Bacchus – – – – – ✝& the ceremonies & rites of Osiris agreed in every thing wthwith those of Bacchus & those of Isis & Ceres waere the same differing only in name, & the great Bacchus was by the ancients reputed the same God with the Egyptian Osiris. (Diodor l 1. c. 1, 7 & l 3. c. 4. Plutarch. in Iside.) Osiris in the Greek tongue is Dionysius that is Bacchus – – & Apollo & Diana whom the Egyptians call Horus & Bubaste are the children of Dionysius & Isis (Herod. l. 2).
(Diodor. ib. & l 1. c 1, 7. Herod in Euterpe Plutarch in Iside) And the same Bacchus, not the son of Semele, was enterteined in Attica by Semachus in the reign of Amphictyon the son of Deucalion (Euseb. Chron. gr.) & to him was built a Temple in Attica with a vault in wchwhich were earthen statues of Amphictyon enterteining Bacchus & other Gods & of Pegasus who taught the worship of Bacchus in Attica by authority of the Delphic Oracle wchwhich had predicted his coming in the days of Icarius (Pausan in Atticis) For Bacchus whom they worshipped in Attica was not the son of Semele but another wh Bacchus whom the Athenians reputed the son of Iupiter & Ceres Proserpina. Arrian l 2 p 43. This is that Bacchus who was potent in war & is reputed the first author of Triumph,Macrob. Saturn l. 1. c. 19 being recreated in his marches by those about him with songs & musick & dancing & by the acclamations of his soldiers: in memory of all which the Bacchinalia were instituted Macrob. Saturn. l. 1. c. 19. Arrian. l 6 p 143. In his return out of IndiaIn his way towards India he made a bridge over Euphrates at yethe city Zeugma where saith Pausanias they still keep a rope twisted of vine & ivy branches wthwith wchwhich he tyed the bridge. Pausan. Phocic. c. 29. p. 860. He built Nysa a town of India at yethe foot of the mountain Merus covered with Ivy & left part of his army there as the inhabitants related to Alexander the great. Arrian l 5. p. 101. From the name of this mountain wchwhich in Greek signifies a thigh came the fable that Bacchus came out of Iupiters thigh. Pliny Nat. Hist. l. 6. c. 21. In this city & in Nysa of Arabia he was much worshipped & thence called Dionysus, that is, the God of Nysa. The Arabians worshipped but two Gods Uranus & Bacchus & he was that Bacchus being worshipped by them for his victories propagated as far as India Arrian l. 7. p 161.
When Osiris undertook his expedition through the world he left Egypt under the Government of Isis his wife & Mercury his secretary, & they after his death
celebrated
the mca by authority of the Delphic Oracle wchwhich had predicted his coming in the days of Icariusaa Pausan in Atticis.. For Bacchus whom they worshipped in Attica was not the son of Semele but another Bacchus whom the Athenians reputed the son of Iupiter & Proserpinabb Arrian. l. 2. p. 43.; & who was the first that taught how to plow with Oxen when men before tilled the grownd with their own handy labours, & invented many other things usefull in the art of husbandry, for wchwhich benefits he was by all adored as a God with divine worship & solemn sacrificescDiodor l. 3. c. 4, & l. 4. c. 1.. In his marches He was accompanied wthwith Satyrsdancingers & satyrs commanded by Pan & wthwith Music in his marches& with Dancers& the Muses nine Muses dd Arrian l. 6. p 143. Lucian in Baccho. Diodor. l. 4. c. 1 & is called by Lycophron ῾δαὶμων ῾ωόρχης the God of dancing.e & in memory of these things & of the noisy marching of his furious weomen the Bacchinalia were instituted. For he had an army of weomen adorned wthwith Garlands of flowers & armed with da launces & darts wrapt round with ivy at the points wthwith wchwhich on a sudden & unexpectedly they assaulted & slew the Kings who were ignorant of the stratagem & despised them because they were weomenee Diodor. l. 3. c. 4.. [Thymætes the son of Thymætes the son of Laomedon who lived in the time of Orpheus wrote a Poesy called Phrygia of the actions of Bacchus in very old language & character & saith that Ammon was the father of Bacchus & Nysa his nurse & that in the warr against the Titans he commanded the men & Minerva the weomenff Diodor l 3 c. 4.. Diodorus tells us that Sesostris was stirred up by his daughter Athyrte to undertake the gaining of the Empire of the world; for being a woman of an extraordinary understanding she made it out to her father that the conquest was easy.tt Diodor l 1. c 4. Considering her wisdome & valour its probable that she was that Minerva who commanded the weomen. As Ivy was dedicated to Bacchus so the Egyptians dedicated ivy to Osiris & called it Osiris's plant, & the ceremonies & rules of Osiris agreed in every thing wthwith those of Bacchus & those of Isis & Ceres were the same differing only in namess Diodor. l. 1. c. 1, 7. & l. 3. c. 4. Plutarch. in Iside. Herod. l. 2., & accordingly Osiris was by the ancients generally taken for Bacchus & Isis for Ceres & Or their children Orus & Bubaste for Apollo & Diana.s
Sesostris, Osiris & Bacchus were all three Princes of Egypt, all three had conquered Asia & led their armies victoriously, into India all three carried their armies over the Hellespont into Europe had like to have lost their armies in Thrace & there put a stop to their expedition all three left pillars with inscriptions in their conquests & it is not likely that all these characters can agree to more persons then one. Add that all three were the sons of Amenophis or Ammon ✝
✝ Add that all three were the sons of Amenophis Ammenemes or Ammon. For in the Dynasties of Africanus taken out from Manetho, in the twelft Dynasty of yethe kings of Diospolis, Gesongoses (that is Sesonchosis)is called the son of Ammenemes & Sesostris is put the successor of Ammanelmes, & in yethe 18th & 19th Dynasties Sethos is put the successor of Ammenoph. And so in the series of the kings of Egypt recited by rr Ioseph l 1 cont Appion.Iosephus out of Manetho Sethosis I is made the successor of Amenophis. And ssÆgyptus & Danaus (who according to Manetho were Sethosis & Armais) are reputedaccounted the sons of the Egyptian Belus that is in yethe Egyptian language of yethe Egyptian of Ammon. And Also tt Diodor. l. 1. c. 1 Osiris is sometimes called the son of Iupiter & sometimesaccounted the son of the younger Saturn the Egyptian Iupiter that is in the same Egyptian languagealso of Ammon. For D whom the Europeans call Iupiter the Latines call Phenicians Arabians & Assyrians call Belus & Baal & the Egyptians Ammon. And lastly Thymætes who was contemporary to Orpheus saith that Bacchus the father of Bacchus was Ammon, (as you heard above) & accordingly the Europeans usually reccon Bacchus the son of Iupiter.
By carrying the river Nile through maneymany new channels into all parts of Egypt Sesostris gave occasion to the calling of himself & that river by several common names as Ægyptus Siris Osiris Nilus. For the river was callercalled Sihor (Isa 23) & Siris (Plin. l. 5. c. 9 Dionys. Perieg.Diodor. l. 1. c. 1. ) & Osiris (Plutarch in Iside) & so was Sesostris For Diodorus tells us that the ancient Greek Mythologists & particuarly Eumolphus call Osiris Dionysus & sir name him Sirius the name of Osiris being formed by the Greeks of the Sirius or Siris, by prefixing the aArticle or Interjection O (Plutarch in Iside.) From לחנ Nahat a Torrent it was called Nile. And as Nilus is the name of the river at this day so Diodorus tells us that Nilus was that king who cut AEgypt into canales to make the River more usefull. Eratosthenes tells us in his Dynasty of the Kings of Thebes that Nilus was Phruron a later king, but Cicero makes Nilus the father of Mercury Minerva vVulcan & Bacchus.Cic de Natura Deorum.
When Bacchus was come over the Hellespont – – –
When Bacchus was come over the Hellespont with asome part of his army, Lycurgus king of a a kingregion in Thrace slew them treacherously in the night & Bacchus narrowly escaping by the information of Tharops grandfather of Orpheus, escaping brought over his whole army slew Lycurgus & gave his kingdome to Tharopshh Diodor. l. 3 c. 4. & one of the nine singsters he gave to Oeagrus the son of Tharops. For Orpheus was the son of Oeagrus &kk. Appolodor. l. 1. c. 3. Conon Nar. 45 Calliope onthe chief of the Muses. And hence it came to pass that Orpheus became so skilfull in Musick in dancing & Poetry & in the Egyptian Theology & sciences & travelled into Egypt being anll Pausan l. 6. c. 20. Egyptian by the mothers side, & that he brought with him out of Egypt the Orgia of Bacchus & mysteries of Bacchus the benefactors of his family & spread them in Thrace, under yethe colour of worshipping the son of Semele together with the fable of Charon, Styx & the Elisian fields. And by the like occasion Linus became famous for musick being the son of anotherone of the Muses or as some say the son of Apollo.
Non
478
242
477
1
243
Sesostris.
The kings of Thebais having expelled the Shepherds out of Egypt & thereby established their dominion at home began soon to invade their neighbours. And first Sesostris (called also Sesoostris, Sesoosis, Sessosis, Sesochris, Sethos, Sethosis, Sesonchis Sesonchosis Sasychis & in Scripture Sesackk)Diodorus l. 1. c 4 was subdued a great part of Africa in his youth & then succeded his father Ammon in the kingdom. This was before the death of Solomon.1 King. II.40. Then he subdued all Ethiopia on the south of Egypt as far as the Cinnamon regionDiodor l. 1 c. 4. Strabo l. 16, 17. & the promontory Mossylites on the Ocean & in those countries left columns with inscriptions some of wchwhich remained to the times of the Roman Empire. He subdued the TrogloditesHerod l 2. & went first of any man in long ships from the Sinus Arabicus southward & subdued the Islands of the Red Sea & the bordering nations as far as India the inhabitants of the Red Sea.he went also against the Arabians & overcoming the want of water & meat subdued all that nation wchwhich till then had continued unvanquished. Then in the fift year of Rehoboam he came against Ierusalem with twelve hundred chariots & threscore thousand horsmen & foot without number, thethat came with him out of Egypt Libyans & Troglodites & Ethiopians people that he had subdued & he took the fenced cities of Iudah & spoiled the Temple & God said, the Princes of Israel shall be his servants that they may know servitude (that is the servitude of Israel my people) & the servitude of the kingdoms of the Earth. 2 Chron. 12. T hHe went on & subdued Arabiatherefore to subdue these kingdoms & in nine yearsff Diodorus l. 1 c. 4 subdued all Asia & Thrace & part of Scythia in Europe, where he met with a repulse. For he went against the Arabians & overcoming the want of water & meat subdued all that nation wchwhich till then had continued unvanquished&gg Anthenodrus apud Clement Alexander. Admon. 2 Gor p 31. El Porphyrap Euseb. Præp. l. 1. c. 16 most of the nations of Greece. Diodorus adds that he past the river Ganges & conquered all India to the Ocean. Susa is by Ieremiah called Sesach & the people by Ezra Susanchites & probably they had their name from this king. Wherever he camehh Diodor. l. 1. c. 4 he set up columns with inscriptions of his conquests some of wchwhich Herodotus saw in Syria & Asia minor & mentions that there were some then extant in Thrace & Scythia. The inscriptions were Sesoosis king of kings & Lord of Lords subdued this country by his arms. He caused also Geographical tables to be made of his conquests & this gave a beginning to Geography. And in his return he left a colony of Egyptians at Colchos. Whence it came to pass that yethe people at Colchos anciently spake yethe Egyptian language & like the Egyptians used Circumcision & linnen garments & had crisp hair & a dark complexion & are recconed a colony o(Herod l ) & had commerce wthwith the Egyptians; on Xenocrates sailing in summer to Phas & in winter to Egypt: Pindar Isthmian. Ode 11 & Æetes the king of Colch. was called the son of yethe Sun after the manner of yethe kings of Egypt Homer Od & his wide & daughters were famous for skill in the vertues of plants like the Egyptian Isis. And Pindar makes Medea prophery say to yethe Argonauts that out of that land where she was should come a daughter of Epaphus who should plant a root of cities in the foundations of Iupiter Ammon. Pindar. Pyth. Ode 4. For Homer 4 describes that Egypt abounded wthwith by
Iustin makes the Scythians to have repulsed & pursued Sesostris as far as Egypt & being stopt by the Lakes & fenny places to have returned thence & subdued all the East & reigned there 1500 thousand years till the rise of the Assyrian Monarchy. Others tell us that the Parthians were a colony of the Scythians who seated themselves there in the reign of Sesostris. bBut these things happened rather in the latter end of the Assyrian Monarchy, the Scythians at that time as Herodotus relates making an inrodes through Colchos into Media & Persia Syria as far as Egypt & reigning over the east twenty & eight years till the Medes slew most of them. And probably the Scythians who escaped the Medes fled into Parthia & remained there. Whence the people of that country had the name of Parthi wchwhich in the Scythian language signifies fugitives.
As Babylon & Rome were adornedbuilt magnificently in the height of their Empire so was Tehbes & all Egypt in the reign of Sesostris & his successors, the captives spoiles & tribute of the nations being imployed in building Palaces Temples, Obe
lisks
cause both iah & atly & ytthat every Egyptian was skilled in medicine above all other mortals being the progeny of Apollo
2
244
lisks, Pyramids & other works. For Sesostris returning home wthwith a great multitude of captives & large spoiles & imposing yearly tributes on the conquered nations built & adorned new Temples in all the captial cities of Egypt amongst which was the temple of Vulcan at Memphysto that God whom every particular places most adored, & honoured the Gods & chiefly Vulcan with guifts & cut ditches from the river Nile into all the parts of Egypt as high as Memphys for supplying the cities with water & for carrying to them corn & other commodities by water & with the earth dug out he raised the Cities higher to defend them from the inundation of the river & fortified them & in these works imployed only the captives he brought home with him He erected also in Heliopolis two Obelisks of 120 cubits inscribing on them the greatness of his dominion & tribute wthwith the number of the conquered nations one of wchwhich Obelisks Augustus Cæsar conveyed to Rome. And before the Temple of Vulcan hHe erected at Memphys his own & his wives statues of 30 cubits & four others of his four sons of 20 cubits & attempted to cut a ditch from Nile to the Red Sea. The statues were placed before the Temple of Vulcan built afterwards most sumptuouslyat Memphys by Menes The grownd of Egypt he distributed in equal square portions among the people who were to hold it by a yearly pension, whence Geometry had its rise. He divided Egypt into 36 Nomes & set a Iudge over every Nome & appointed their laws. DiodorusDiodor. l. 1. c. 7 p. 84, 85. tells us that the Egyptians had these lawmakers, Mnevis, (or Menes,) Ssasyches, Sesostris, Boccharis & Amasis, & that Sasyches made excellent laws relating to the so honour & worship of the Gods & found out Geometry & taught Astronomy. Mnevis lived next after the age of the Gods & Demi gods & is Menes the first king of Thebes whom the Egyptians worshipped in the Ox Mnevis. He was the first that instituted written laws. Sasyches is the same name with Sesach & therefore the same king with Sesostris, especially since both of them found out Geometry.
When Sesostris undertook his expedition against the nations of Syria & Asiaaa Manetho apud Ioseph. cont. Ap. l. 1. Herod. l. 2 Diodor. l. 1. c 4 Armais at length revolted & upon the return of Sesostris plotted to have destroyed him at his first entrance into Egypt by inviting him to a feast at Pelusium & setting fire to the house in the night when he was heavy with wine & asleep. But Sesostris escaped through the fire with his wife & four children. Manetho tells us that the Greeks called Sesostris Ægyptus & Armais Danaus. Danaus having by his wives & concubines many Daughters whom he had married to the sons of Sesostris, commanded his daughters to kill their husbands the same night, but Sesostris escaping the fire Danaus fled with his daughters to Rhodes & thence to Greece.
This
430
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Chap. III. Of the Assyrian Empire
246
Oenomaus unorem habuit Euaretem Acrisij filiam, ex qua procreavit Hippo>damiam. Eam Pelops cursu victor uxorem habuit & ex eadem genuit Hippahcum, Atreum & Thyestem. Hygin Fab. 84.
Pag. 23. After lin. 9. blot out Arcas the son of — their deaths. And write. Dionysius tells us that in Peloponnesus there were anciently two kings called Pelasgus, that the elder was the son of Ezeus & father of Deianira & the younger the husband of Deianira & the son of Iupiter by Niobe the daughter of Phoroneus; & that Lycaon was the son of Pelasgus & Deianira & father of Oenotrus Peuceius & twenty other sons: & thatHe seem to have had this from Pherecides Atheniensis the oldest & best genealoger of the Greeks repFor he tells us that Pherecides in giving an account of the kings of Arcadia represents Lycaon to the son of Pelasgus & Deianira & gives an account of their numerous ofspring & where eacheach of them lived & that he placed the posteri Oenotrus & the Oenotrians in Italy & his brother Peuietius & the Peucitians in the Ionian gulf. But others recconmention but one Pelasgus & call Lycanon the son of Pelasgus & Mæelibæa or the son of Pelasus & Cyllene, & tell us that Lycoan by many wives had fifty children. Pausanias calls Lycaon the son of Æzeus, but he may mean the grandson. He tells further that Arcas the son of Callisto the daughter of this Lycaon received bread corn from Triptolemus & taught his people in Arcadia to make bread of it. And so did Eumelus the first king of a region afterwards called Achaia. And therefore Arcas & Eumelus were contemporary to Triptolemus & Phoroneus & Ezeus & were five generations older then ArceusCeres & Erechtheus Oenotrus & Callisto to Celeus & Erechtheus, Lycaon to RharasAmpictyon & Cranaus,part of the reign of Cranaus, Pelasgus II to Cecrops, Pelasgus I toCranaus, Niobe & Pelasgus I to Cecrops, & Rhoroneus & Ezeus to Ogyges. Lycaon died a little before Cranaus so as to leave room for Deucalions flood between their deaths.
Danaus came into Greece – – – – & the people Abantes.
But the Romans puting the reigns of kings equal to generations, made this city M. Portius Cato wchwhichwho was Consul An. 2. Olymp. 146 / But aAbout the antiquities of Rome there were anciently great disputes as yo till at length they followed the opinion of as you may see in Dionysius Halicarnassæus l. 1. p. 44 & 45. Some makingof the Greeks made it to be built by Æneas, others by Romus the son or grandson of Æneas othersthe son o by Romus the son or grandson of Latinus king of the Aborigenes, orothers by Or Romus the son of Ulises or of Italus Ascanius or Italus. These & such like were the opinions of the Greeks who& The Latines had not one ancient writer I befor Fab. Pidor. Some of them made Rome built by Æneas Romulus the son or grandson of Æneas as some though or by Romulus in the 15th 15 ages after the destruction of Troy & as others represented & the opinion of these last at length prevailed/ Timæus Siculus made it built about the same time with Carthage 38 years before the Ennius the Poet who flourished about 120 years after the death of Alescniks made above an hundred years older then the Olympiads. And hitherto nothing certain was agreed upon. But now M. Portius Cato the 15 ages being turned into generations at abo & 14 of them being wchwhich preceded the building of Rome being recconed at about 432 years (wchwhich is much too long for the course of nature) the opinion & the reign of the following seven kings of Rome being recconed at 244 years (both wchwhich numbers are much too long for for the course of Nature) the vulgar opinion began to p that Rome was built about the 6t or 7th Olympiad began to prevail. [Let the seven14 reigns afterafter the building of Rome, or the 7 beforeprecedingafter it, be reccond at 18 or 20 years a piece, & the building of Rome will fall where we have placed it.] The RomansGreek had no Chronology years till about 60 years after the death of Alexander the great; the Latines began to do it about 40 or 50 years after the Greeks: & both of them founded their recconings it upon putting Ages for the reigns of kings for g equal ages& recconing about three ages to 100 years If the 14 reigns before the building of Rome & the seven after it be recconed at about 18 or 20 years a piece one wthwith another according to the course of nature, & the building of Rome will fall where we have placed it. / Hitherto nothing certain was agreed upon: but about this time some began to say that Rome was built a second time by Romulus about in the 15 age after the destruction recco of Troy, (by ages meaning reigns of Ks) & to reccon the first fourteen ages or reigns till the building of Rome at about 432 years till the building of Rome & the older reigns of the seven kings of Rome at 244 years more, both wchwhich numbers are much too long for the course of nature. And yet by this recconing they placed the building of Rome upon the 6th or 7th Olympiad: whereas by recconing the reigns of kings at about 18 or 20 years a piece (wchwhich is according to the course of the Nature) the building of this city would have fallen upon the 36th or 27th Olympiad. But the Romans having no historian during the reigns offirst their kings & the first 286 years of their Consuls 400 years of their city, I forbear to meddle further with their antiquieesoriginalsduring that interval.
435 247
For I take Arphaxad to be Phraortes & that after Dejoces had built Ecbatane & Phraortes fortified it wthwith high & broad walls suitable to his new conquests, as is described in yethe Story of Iudith. But that story so far as it relates to Iudith seems to be in some things extravagant & Romantic.For & they made warr upon the nations wchwhich deserted & particularly upon the Judeaews a while after their return from Manasses's captivity when t in yethe minority of Iosiah king of Iudah.
Chap. III Of the Assyrian Monarchy
After the nations of the East had been ruffled by thSesac & Amenophis Kings of Egypt, it may be presumed that in taking up arms to free themselves from the dominion of Egypt they formed themselves into bigger bo & more warlike bodies then before & this might promote the setting up some new dominions such as wasere those of Nineveh in Assyria & Sardes in Asis minor.
In yethe days of Ionah who lived next before the reign of Phul the first king of Assyria named in scripture (2 King 14) Nineveh was become a great city of three days journey. Strabo makes it 48 miles Diodorus 60 miles about. yet it was then great rather in extent of ground for feeding of cattle then in number of men. For it conteined bout about 120000 people (Iona 4.11) & its kings were then called only Kings of Nineveh & not Kings of Assyria (Ionah 3.6) & not Kings of Assyria as they were soon after when they conquered the neighbouring nations.
Ctesias & yethe ancient Greek & Latin writers who copy from him have made yethe Assyrian monarchy as old as mMato. & NhasBelus or Baal followedwho was worshipped in all the east & tell us the names of all the Kings of Assyria down from his feigned son Ninus to the la Sardanapalus Toros ConchalerosSardanapalus the last King of that Monarchy. But the names of his kings (except one or two have no affinity wthwith the names of yethe Assyrians mentioned in scripture. For yethe two Assyrians names were compounded ofusually named after the names of their Gods Pul (or Bel) Assur (or afterAst oror Attyr the name of Venus & of yethe country) Nebo, Adon Haddon (or Adonis) & Nabo, Tiglath, Salmo For yethe true Assyrian names were either yethe names of their Gods Pul (or Bell) Assur (or Attyr yethe name of Venus) Haddon (or Adonis) & Nabo, or compounded ofMelec (or Moloch) Nergal Neba, Nergal. Meredach, Nisroch us in these names Phut, Tiglath -pul-asser Salmon-asser, Adra-melech, Shar-asser, Asser-haddon, Assarhaddon-pul (or Sardanapalus) Nabon-asser Bed-adan, Chimil-adon Nebo-pul-asser, Nebo-chadon-asser, Nebu-assar-addon (Nebuzar-adon) Nergal-asser, Nabo-asser-dach, Nergal-shar-asser Sheseb-asser, Beltes-asser. Nergal-asser TheseEvil-merodach, Shamaar-nebo such were yethe Assyrian names but those in yethe Canon of Ctesias were are of another sort. Excepting the names of the first & last KingsBelus & Sardanapalus. It seems to me therefore that Ctesias having learnt yethe names of yethe founder of this Monarchy & that is of Assyria, yet And tho Nimrod or Ninus planted yethe land yet it appears not that he left any standingwas overthrown by the Medes & Babylonians he left it divided amonst his posterity as was the manner of the first ages & we heare no more of the Assyrians or Nineveh in scripture till the days of Ionah. Herodotus therefore comes nearer to the truth in making the dominion of Assyria over yethe upper Asia to have lasted but 500 years before yethe defection of yethe Medes, but he also misses the date of date of this kingdom much too high & so long perhaps Nineveh might have been a flourishing city but DuringIn the time of the Iudges of Israel & till after the reign of David we find Syria & Mesopotamia were subject to Kings of other cities (Iud. 3.8. 2 Sam. 8.&10) & therefore Nineveh had not yet extended its dominion on this side EuphratesTigris. But soon after the days of Ionah we read of the Kings of Assyria conquering all their neighbours round about & by their conquests erecting this Monarchy as as been shewed above.
But soon after his days we read of the Kings of Assyria conquering all their neighbours round a
has been
The first of these kings Assyrian conquerorsKings we reade of who Phut & therefore me may recconwho warred abroad was Phul. He invaded Israel in yethe reign of Menahen King of Israel but was bought off, [& therefore the King Assyrians had gotnow got footing on this side Euphrates.] & therefore the Kingdom was now advanced on this side Tigris.
It seems to me therefore the Ctesias having learn
Ctesias had learnt in general that this Monarchy was founded by Belus & fell ruined by yethe Medes in yethe reign of Sardanapalus by the Medes & Babylonians & thus far I agree wthwith him but where he depends to
The first of these Kings was Pul that is Baal Bel or Belus. For He invaded Israel in yethe reign of Menahen king of Israel but was bought off & therefore yethe kingdōKingdom of Assyria was in his reign advanced on this side Tigris. Belus therefore He seems also to have conquered Babylonia & fou And as Alexander yethe great upon conquering A He seems to have conquered BabyloniaChaldea & foun thereupon to have founded yethe City its Babylon. For the Æra of Nabonassar the first of thethe first Assyrian King of Babylon distinct from yethe Kings of Ninive began about yethe time that his reign ended. And Isaiah who lived & prophesied in those daysththe days of Phul & de his successors, thus describes yethe founding of this city Babylon. saith Behold, Saith he, the land of the Chaldeans; this people was not till yethe Assyrian founded it for them that dwell in the wilderness: they set up the towers thereof, they raised up the palaces thereof Isa. 23.13. / So then the Kingd bBabylon with it territories was a branch of yethe Assyrian Monarchy much after yethe manner that yethe Constantinopolitan Empire was a branch of the Roman. And so it was recconed by yethe Ancients. Thus Strabo (l 16 p 737)): Assyrij Babylone ac Nini regiam habenbueridut & Herodotus (l 1. c 178) Sola Assyriorum regia fuit Babylon post eversam Ninum. And again (l. 1 c. 106.) Medi et Ninum expugnaverunt & Assyrios subegerunt excepta portione Babylonica.And again l. 1. c. 94 in describing the war of Cyrus, against Babylon, Porro Cyrus ubi conteriertem universam suæ ditionis ferisset Assyrijs bellum intuat. Assyriæ cum multa alia sunt magna oppida tum vero celiberium nominis Æc validissimum Babylon illic ubieversa ab istis Nini regio extiterat. & a little after p. 99 Adversus Labynitum Assyriæ imperium habentem Cyrus exeratum ducit And hence it is that yethe Greeks & Latins in recconing up all the great Monarchies never reccon the Babylonian Monarchy distinct from yethe Assyrian but include it therein. For they reccon yethe Assyrian Monarchy the first that of yethe Medes yethe second that of the Persians the third & those of the Greeks & Latines the 4th & 5t. So also Ptolomy in his Canon reccons the Kings of Babylon under the title of Kings of Assyria. And Xenophon in his Cyropedæia calls yethe Babylonians Assyrians.
Tis an ancient opinion that Babylon was built by Belus [but the to make this Belus yethe same wthwith him who was worshipped long before by all yethe east has been a great mistake.] & Diodorus (lib. 1 c 3 tells us that yethe Egyptians report that many colonies out of Egypt were diisperst over all parts of yethe world, & that Belus led a colony into yethe province of Babylon & fixing his seat at yethe river Euphrates consecrated Priests & according to yethe custome of yethe Egyptians freed them from all lawes publick lawes & impositions. These Priests the Babylonians call Chaldeans who observe yethe motions of the stars in imitation of yethe Priests Naturalists & Astrologers in Ægypt. The Ægyptians it seems would have Belus to be yethe founder of Babylon to be an Egyptian & so the SyriansPhenicians would have him to be a Tyrian PhenicianTyrian, but both agree in his name Belus. Thus Dorotheus Siodoniaus an old Poet (apud Iulium Firmicum)
᾽Αρχαίν Βαβυλῶν Τύριο Βήλοιο Πόλισμα
The atncient Babylon built by Belus the Tyrian.
Q. Curtius
248
Quintus Curtius tells us that in Babylon was shewn yethe pallace of its founder Belus And Abydenus out of Megasthenes writes that all those places were reported to be originally covered wthwith water & called Sea & that Belus assigned to every one his portion & compassed Babylon wthwith a wall & then deceaseddyed.. Again Nebuchadnezzar adorned the city wthwith walls & brazen gates wchwhich stood till the empire of Macedon. Herodotus tells is that Semiramis built ban great banks throughout the plane which before was overflowed by the river, & that she lived but 5 ages before the mother of Labynitus the last king of Babylon whom Cyrus conquered, that about the time that Pul or Belus built Babylon.
The successors of Pul or Belus were Tiglath-pul-asser, Salman-asser Sennacherib, Assar-haddon, ✱ & Assar-adon-pul or Sardanaplalus.
Tiglath-pul-assur warred in Phœnicia & captivated Galilee wthwith yethe two tribes & an half & placed them in Chalah & hobor & C Halah & Habor & Hara & at yethe river Gozan places lying in yethe western border of Media between Assyria & yethe Caspian Sea (2 King 15.29. 1 Chron 25.26) & about the 5t or 6 year of Nabonassar he came to yethe assistance of yethe King of Iudah against yethe Kings of Syria Israel & Syria & overthrew the Kingdom of Syria wchwhich had been seated at Damascus ever since yethe days of King David & carried away the Syrians into captivity to Kir the region (2 King. 15.37 of upper or mountainous Media & 16.5,9) wchwhich Kc the region of upper or mountanous Media &c placed other nations in yethe region of Damascus (cIoseph. l. 9. c 12) Whence I gather that the Medes were newly conquered
Tiglath-pul-asser
Salmon-asser (called Enemesser by Tobit, ch.1)aa Annales Tyrij apud Iosephum l. 9, c. ult. invaded all Phenicia tooke yethe City Samaria & captivated Israel & placed thembb 2 King. 17.6 in the Halah & Habor by the river Gozan & in yethe neighouring cities of the Medes where yethe Syrians were placed before.
Sennacheribaa7 King 18 & 19. 2 Chron. 32 invaded Phenicia &bb b Beros. apud Ioseph. l 10. c 1 Herod. ;. 2. c. 141. Egypt & took several cities of Iudah but laying seige to Ierusalem & so the king of Ethiopia coming against him he lost in one night 185000 men && returninged in hast to Nineveh. was& there h & on this occasion the Med & cc Tobit 1.15now the estate of this King became troubled so that Tobit could not go into Media (Tob.1.15.) For the Medes revoltingdd Herod l. 1 p. 56 revolted the first of all the conquered nations. At yethe same time did Merodach-Baladan or Mardokempad king of Babylonee 2 King. 20. send an embassy to Hezekiah King of Iudah
Sennacherib being slain was succeeded by his son Assar-haddon (corruptly called Sarchedon by Tobit, Asardan by yethe 70, Sargon by Isaias & the great and noble Asnappar by Ezra (Tob. 1. Isa. 20.1 Ezra 4.10) ) He reunited the Kingdom of Babylon to that of Nineveh & so reigned over yethe whole Assyrian Monarchy. He invaded Iudea, took Azot (Isa 20.1) carried Manasseh captive to Babylon (2 Chron 33) peopled Samaria wthwith captives (Ezra 4.2) brought from Babylon & from Cutha or Susa & from Ava & from Hamath or Antioch & from Sepharvaim (2 King. 17.24) nations whose Kings hehis fathers had conquered (2 King 19.13) He captivated also Egypt & Thebais & Ethiopia above Thebais (Isa 20.4 Nahum 3.8,10) & by this war seems to have put an end to the reign of the
Ethiopians
Ethiopians over Egypt, & to have broken that kingdom into yethe twelve kingdoms wchwhich stood aboout 15 years till the reign of Psammiticus.
And now the Assyrian Monarchy seems arrived to its greatness being united under one Monarch & conteining Assyria, Apolloniatis, Susiana, Chaldea Mesopotamia, Syria, Phœnicia & part of Arabia & reaching eastward into Elymais & Parætacene. For Strabo (l 15 p 706) reccons these two among the provinces to wchwhich this Monarchy had given the name of Assyria. The Medes I reccon not for they revol
— The Medes I reccon not for they revolted from 7the; Assyrians soon after they had been in the reign of Sennacherib (as I told you) soon after they had been conquered. & set up kings of their own
Herodotus tells us that they were the first of their fafter they revolted tey lived a while without kings & then they had four kings before yethe origin of Cyrus, Dsuccessively Dejoces Phraortes Cyaxares & Astyages who reigned 150 years till the reign of Cyrus, Dejoces 53 years Phrortes 22, Cyaxares 40 & Astyages 35. Count 150 years & something more backwards from yethe reign of Cyrus & yethe reign of Dejocesdestruction of the Medes will begin about six yearspresently after yethe slaughter of Sennacheribs army in Palestine. And by reason of the defection of the MedesFor I place it because Tobit tells us that the reign of Sennacherib was then troubled so that he could not go from Nineve into Media as he had done before in the reign of Emenessar (so he calls Salmanasser) the former king (Tobit 1.15.)
Their first King Dejoces built Ecbatane & about yethe 22th year of his reign extended his kingdom westward through Armenia into Cappadocia as far as the river Halys wchwhich parted his kingdom from that of the Lydians.
Phraortes, saith Herodotus,conquered as far asaa Æschylus Susa. Herodotus tells us that he conquered first the Perians & then [Susiana &] other nations of Asia untill he had lead his army against those Assyrians who holdinginhabiting Nineveh were once reigned over allwere lords of all but were then left alone by the defection of the auxiliary nations being otherwise in good condition & in this expedition Phraortes perished with a good part of his army.. This was in the last year of Phraortes & by consequence about 30 years after the death of Assarhaddon. And therefore since this war against the Assyrians who held Nineve the Assyrians at Babylon were now fallen offdivided from them. /The Egyptians were also fallen off. For Psammiticus calling in the Greeks to his assistance conquered the 12 Kings & beseiged Azotum a town of Phænicia next Ægypt for 29 years together till he took it. In this war Phraortes was beaten by yethe Assyrians & slain wthwith a great part of his army: but his son
Cyaxares (otherwise called Oxyares, Astibares or Astiresres that is& Ashuerus), in revenge of his fathers death prosecuted the war routed yethe Assyrians & laid seige to Nineve but was on a suddainen set upon & opprest by a great part inundation of Scythians who from that time infested & reigned over all his kingdomAsiahis kingdom for about 28 years together. But at length PhraortesCyaxares about in yethe 28th year of his reign invited them Scythians to a feast, made them drunk slew many of them expelled the rest & recovered his kingdom and then returned to the war against Nineveh & by yethe help oftogether with Nebuchadnezzar who commanded the army of his father Nabopolasser [the successor of Chiniladon king of Babylon overthrew th took & demolished the City. This was done yethe reign of Sardanapalus (that is Assar-adon-pul) the last king of Nineve the Assyrians at Nineveh. (ToitTobit. 14.15.) This action yethe Greeks ascribe to the Medes the Iews to yethe Babylonians, Tobit Manetho & Ctesias to both. But Ctesias has distorted this history by making it almost 300 years earlier then it really was & giving wrong names to yethe Kings of the Medes & Babylonians who overthrew this Monarchy.
As the Levites were membred to yethe Service of yethe Tabernacle at yethe age of 30 from 30 years of age to 50 (Num. 4) so Iohn & Christ seem to have endtred on their office at yethe age of 30 years. Iohn began to baptize inyethe 15th year of Tiberius suppose in spring A.C. 29 & when his fame was gone abroad & all people came to his baptism Iesu suppose in summer or autumn following Iesus came also to be baptized being about 30 years old when he began. Luke Count therefore 30 years backwards from summer or autumn A.C. 29 & Christs birth will be between one & two yearsfall a year & some months before yethe vulgar æra, as the Inter & by consequence in yethe end of the last year of yethe 62 weeks of years. But if wthwith some you reccon – – –
249
& brought men from Babylon & from Cutha or Susa & from Ava & from Hanath or Antioch, & from Sepharvaim as therefore reigned over all these cities. 2 King. 17.24,30,31. He isseems to be called by Ezra the great & noble Asnapper Ezra 3IV.10. & by consequence to have reigned over the Elamites beyond Susa.
Assarhaddon corruptly called Sarchedon by Tobit, Assardan by the seventy, Sargon by Isaias & Asnapper by Ezra (Tob. 1.21. Isa 20.1. Ezra 4.2,10) reunited yethe kingdom of Babylon to ytthat of Nineveh in yethe year of Nabonassar 68, & then peopdpeopled Samaria with captives brought from Babylon & from Catha or Susa & from Ava or Iva & from Hamath or Antioch & from Sepharvaim or Sipphara 2 King. 17.24,30,31) & from Arrhaphachitis & Susania& Aracca upon Tigris & from Elymais or Persia & other places (Ezra 4.9.
436
p 4843. l. 2, 3 legeNon est duratio non locus aut spatium, sed æthrusperpetuus est et psomnipræsens existendo semper et ubique.
p. 484. l. 17. – de spiritu quodam æthereosubtilissimo corpora crassa pervadente – – – se mutuo attrahunt & conarentcontigua facto & particulæ aeris se fugiunt, et corpora electrica per frictionem ertatgiata incitate agunt ad distantias majores &c
p 483 l. 32. post[et natura], adde eque Deus demonstratur mMetaphysice nis: rerdomuium Dominus Deus sil demonstratur seu Deus παντοηράτωρ simul demonstretur.
– et per inductionem sola
Impenetrabilitas, mobilitas, et impetus corporum, & leges et gravitatis n aliter quam ex phoænomenis innotuerunt, et corporibus universis competere non aliter quam per Inductionem probantur.
p 483 in margine. Aratus sub initio. Paulus in Act. Apost c. 17. v.27,28. Deut 4.39.
437
250
Neptune found out horsmanship & sails for shipping Pausan l. 7. c. 21. p 576. Homerus Hymno in Neptunum. Scholiastes Pindari Ode 4 PythPindar &
Thence called Hippius & Cyrene ἐυιππος Pindarus & Scholiastes Pindari Ode 4 pyth. Diodor l 5. p. 337. Dionys de situ Orbis
Erichthonius Athaniensium rex quertus, primus inter Græcos docuit equos currui jungere & cartamen Panatheneum instituit. Ob. Ideo in cælum relatus. Virgil. 3. Georg. v. 112 Hyginus Poet. Astromon. c. 13.
Ixion ex nube centauros gi
Ixion pater Chiron i Perithoi, quorum centaurorumpater victor centaurorum. Strabo l. 9. Hygin. Fab. 62 Ixion Pater Centaurorum Pindar Pyth Ode II. Servius in Virgil Æn 6. p 414. Hygin. Fab. 14, 62. Diodor l. 4. c. 4.
Chiron was the master of Iason Æsculapius & Achilles. Pindar Nem. Ode. 3. Virgil. Æn. l. 6 & therefore lived about the time of the Argonautic expedition. Ixion his father.
The riding on horses first used at Pelitorium in Thessaly by the Lapythæ. Virgil 3 Georg. v. 114.
The Centaurs yethe first horsemen Diodor. l. 4. c. 4
Strabo speaking of the inland country between yethe two Syrtes (Geog. l. 17. p. 835) saith that their kings mind horses much, so that there are yearly produced 100000 foales. The Libyans about Cyrene study addicted to hormanship Pausan l. 6. c. 12.
438 251
Sed anno crina conspicuus Bacchus flavam Ariadnem filiam Minois, floridam fecit conjugem. Hesiod Theogon. vers. 945
The Romans conquered Perseus Olymp. 1. 154 incipiente. Item Illyricum & Epire eodem anno. Item Carthage & Afic. Olymp 3. 158 Item. Lydia & both Phrygius Olymp. 4 162. Hæc Lidiatus
Nam cum cæteri omnes, ut uno verbo dicam, populi menses ad Lunæ cursus accommoden, nos soli cum Ægyptijs ad solares circuitus annorum dies metimar. Iulian. Orat. IV.
Talus the son of Iupiter & Europa. Apollodor Argonaut. lib. IV. v. 1642.
Pag. 6. lin. 22, 26. The reign of Cypselus began
Pag. 9. Complete the citation of Iulian the Emperor
Pag. 10. lin. antepenult
Solus imitator vitæ Sardanapali Anacindaraxis filij quem genitoris appellatione scribit Aristoles esse ignoratiorem. In ejus sepulchro hæc incisa fuisse Chrysippus autor est
Sardanapalus Cyndaraxis filius Amchialam et Tarsum uno die condidit. Tu autem, o viator Ede bibe lude &c. Athenæuls l. 8, & 12. But this citation is not in the Greek l. 8. p. 529. See l. 8. p
1 SwanMr Conduit 1 Swan 1 Duck 4 Teale
4 ducksDr Clark. 2 Ducks 4 Teale
12 Teale
1 Hare
539
252
Manetho gives us the names of kings reigning in several parts of Egypt particularly at namely at Thebes the metropolis of Thebais, at This a city on the west side of the Nile over against Thebais, & at Memphys, at Bubastis & in the lower Egypt at Heracleopolis the metrop & at Bubastis. But when these kings reigned & of what extent their kingdoms were he gives no account & how many kingdoms there were in Egypt when they reigned is uncertain. Some add all their years together whereby Egypt is made older then the flood. Others reccon them contemporary kingdoms as old as the days of Misraim but I had rather beleive them of a later date & not so large as they are usually recconed there being more contemporaryseveral old kingdoms in Egypt in Egypt in the of wchwhich he gives us no accompt. For he knew nothing the dominions whereby Copts & Pathrosthe nomes of Coptis & that of Pathros propagated their name nor of the kingdom of Ramesses in wchwhich Israel was in bondagein the lower Egypt nor of the bondage of Israel in that kingdome. But on yethe contrary the Egyptian Priests related to Herodotus that Menes was yethe first king first mortal who reigned in Egypt &Menes was the first king of king of Egypt in thethe reign of Menesof Menes all Egypt except Thebais was a fenn, & nothing thereof was extant above yethe Lake Mæris. And yet the things they ascribe to Menes savour of an age some hundreds of years later later then the flood.not very early. For they say he built a bridge over the Nile at Memphys, turned the stream of the River into a new channel & built Memphys & the Temple of Vulcan & compassed the city on yethe west wthwith a lake. Things much greater the had the Dominion of Menes they extended over Thebais the regions of Thebes This & Memphis These works required a populous kingdom & his kingdom they made large as well as populous extending it over Thebes This & Memphys.
Chronologers out of Manetho & Eratosthenes & others give us the names of many old kings reigning in several parts of Egypt, as at Elephantine at Thebaesi, At This, at – at Memphys, at Heliopolis, at Heracleopolis, at Bubastis, at Heliopolis, at Tanis but when they reigned & of what extent theyir kingdoms were & how many kingdoms were in Egypt when they reigned is uncertain. The Egyptian Priests in the time of the Greek empire added all their years of their kings anciet kings together whereby Egypt was made one Monarchy older then yethe woldworld & this shews that they their md of the therefore they had no chronology of those ancient ages themselves were in the dark about those ancient ages. oOthers reccon them Some later writers reccon that those kings reigned in of four or five contemporary kingdoms and makemadedivide Egypt divided into four or fiveso many great kingdoms from the time days of Mizraim but I had rather beleive these kingdoms more in number & of a later date.
For the Priests of Egypt knew nothing of the Kingdom kingdom of Ramesses in yethe lower Egypt nor of the bondage of Israel in that kingdom, They tell us nothing of these things, but beleived that in the reign of Menes twhom they recconed the first king of Egypt Egypt, all Egypt below Thebais was a fenny grownd & ytthat all the lower part of Egypt as (where the kingdom of Ramesses stood) was sea. & that Israel came out of Egypt at the expulsion of the shepherds wchwhich as I shall shew was in the reign of David or not many years before Whence it seems to me that they Priests of Egypt had no records of the lower Egypt so ancient as the days of Moses.
And for Menes the first kingthe uper Egypt while the while they make theie kingdome &of Menes large & his works very great, & his successor skilfull in medicine & anatomy whose anatomical books were extant in the time of the Priests gGreek Empire, & that the Pyrimids in Chochome were built by Venephes the fourth king of This & give us no account of the Dominion whereby
the city how
& Pg Nomus of Coptus the Nomus & Coptus the metropolis of the Nomus Coptites & its metropolis Coptus propagated their name th over Thebais Egypt which could scarce be done without a dominion over the Nomus of yethe Thebesasis before yethe Thebans reigned over & Egypt, it seemes to me that Menes who (from whom the Egyptian Priests commenced their chronology) was not so ancient as Moses or not much ancienter. The canon of Eratosthenes is recited by Syncellus makes his reign in reciting begin in the tenth year of the reign of the shepherds who as we shall shew reigned not in Egypt tillinvaded Egypt after the days of Moses.
Artaphanus tells us of one Pabmonothes a king of Egypt who built a temple at Heliopolis & was the first that built a temple in the lower Egypt, & that his whose daughter Merrhis was married to one Chemephres king of a region above Memphys. For then, saith he, Egypt had many kings. He adds that his daughter was she that educated Moses. but makes Moses but wWhere he had this information I do not know. B This at least was true that Egypt in those days was divided into manydivers kingdoms, T Manetho but howwhat those those kingdoms arose out of small is h were & how they arose is hard to relate. Yet some footsteps there are of these things in antiquity there are of their first original.
For in the seven years of plenty – – – into kingdoms
For the common councills – – – – example of the Egyptians& religion
The manner – – – the Egyptians.
The occasion – – – then in being Gen 12.
When Ioseph was sold into Egypt (wchwhich was about 560 years after the flood) a Caravan of Ismaelites went down from Gilead to Egypt wthwith their Camels bearing spicery & balm & myrrhe (Gen ) so that Egypt was even then become a place of trafique for the Merchants of forreign nations. And trafic must have been set up in the capital cities of Egypt for the people natives before cities could become places of trafic trade for the Merchants of forreigners nations
Thoth the Son of Osiris grandson of Hammon or Cham who was the E Mercury of the EgyptiansMercury is accounted the God of MerchandiseMercury who that isMercury is accounted the God of Merchandice & found out weights & measures. He is also the God of & High ways & in memory thereof it was long after a custome to mark out the ways with stones & add new stones to Mercuries heaps. He was Thoth the son of Osiris an Egyptian. & in memory therefof it was long after a custome for travellers to mark out the way with stones & add new stones to Mercuries heaps to make stone heaps of stones upon high ways.& high ways that h that is he He was Thoth the son of Osiris [& Maiæ & grandson of Hammon or Ham& so being contemporary to Salah & Eber, if he was as long lived as they he might be alive some years after the birth of Iacob & Esau. reigned in Egypt after the death of Osiris & Isis] And therefore when Egypt wasbegan first to be inhabited & lived in sever the Egyptians lived in several families or towns seperate from one another without commerce, he taught them to travel from town one family or town to another by marking out yethe ways with heaps of stones & afterw how by such communication to supply one anothers wants by exchanging gold one sort of commodities for another by weight & measure, & to meet together upon extraordinary occasions whether or on days appointed whether for trafic or for consulting together about the common welfare. of the several towns & cities assembled. For he was the God of wisdome & Eloquence & assemblies as well as yethe God of Merchandicse, If & after the Osiris & Isis he reigned over Egypt & was the Lawmaker of yethe Egyptians. If Osiris was Mizraim, then Thoth was contemporary to Salah & Eber & if he was as long livfedThoth lived as long as his contemporaries he might reign in Egypt till after the birth of Iacob & Esau, wchwhich is much longer then was requisite to erect tions CouncilsConventions & Fairs & in all the greathead cities of Egypt, wthwith such religious ceremonies in each Convention
as
253
Artaphanus tells us that Moses found out yethe arts & philosophy of the Egyptians & ordereddivided the kingdom into the 36 Nomi or Governments & assigned to each their rites of worshipping the Deity & the sacred letters. By all wchwhich he got the love of t Which he did by that sud T wchwhich he was honoured by the Priests wthwith yethe name of Hermes or Mercury. Artaphanus being a ChristiaChristian ascribes to Moses wchwhichWhich he did that he might render the monarchy firm to the kingChenephres because before that time the multitude not being reduced into distinct order did sometimes eject & sometimes create kings & often yethe same but sometimes others. By all wchwhich he got the love of the people & was honoured by the Priests wthwith the name of hermes or Mercury. Artaphanus being a Christian makes Moses the Thoth or Mercury of the Egyptians Let that erroropinion be corrected, & yethe rest has an air of truth record will amount to this that Thoth the son of Osiris & successor of Isis in the kingdom of Egypt & lawmaker of the Egyptians found out the arts & philosophy of the Egyptians & divided the kingdom into many Nomi or Shires & assigned to each their r several rites of worshipping the Deity & the sacred letters to the end that yethe people might bemultitude who had hitherto been in confusion might i confusion might be reduced into distinct order & made formed into a government under laws the administration of laws by one common king.
And indeed – – – – original of the various Nomes.
Thoth being a wise man & king of all Egypt & the great legislator of the Egyptians would chuse to like other leg to found his institutions upon religion that they might be more lasting. For that end every Nomus had its proper religion for uniting its own people tounder their Metropolis & all the Nomes had a common religion for uniting them all into one kingdom. If Osiris was Misraim (as some reccon) then Thoth was contemporary to Salah & Eber, & whether he was so ancient or not yet if he lived but as long as his contemporaries he might reign till Abraham went down into Egypt after the birth of Abraham & many years after & so have time enough to civilise Egypt & compass whatever is here ascribed to him
How after the death of Thoth, Egypt broke into several kingdoms or by what other meanes there arose several kingdoms in Egypt & how by degrees they grew afterwards into one Monarchy is unknown& what those kingdoms were & what changes they underwent is not to be found in yethe history of the first ages., But after when Ioshuah excepting the mention made in scripture of the kingdom of M Ramesses & bondage of the Israelites under it.
When Ioshua drave out invaded Canaan & drave out the Canaanites —
440 254
During the stay of About the time of the departure of Israel out of Egypt or soon not long after Timaes being then King of the lower Egypt the Shepherds or Arabians from the East from the east invaded & conquered this kingdom & reigning Timaus King of the lower Egypt & burnt the Cities & Temples of Egypt & reigning & reduced the Egyptians into servitude & reigning there a long time had warrs wthwith yethe Kings of Thebes & their assocites. This invasion of Egypt I place after after dethe departure of Israel out of Egypt ., For during the stay of Israel in Egypt there is no mention of the Shepherds or Arabians in Egypt but all the people s there Pharaoh & all his people are cons spoke of as Egyptians. The King is called Pharaoh wchwhich was yethe title it of the Aegyptian not Arabian Kings. He feared least Israel should upon any invasion incursion of yethe Shepherds Arabian enemies Israel should joyn wthwith them & got h them out of yethe land Exod 1. 10. He sought the life of Moses for killing an Egyptian Exod. 2.14, 15 He Moses was educated in Pharaohs not as an Arabian b court as an Egyptian house like the Egyptians not like the Sheephers Exod. 2.19. And Israel is at that time said to be in bondage under the Egyptians & to be oppressed by the Egyptians Exod 3.8, 9 the plagues fall upō the Egyptians, & Pharaohs Captains & army which pursued Israel are called Egyptians Exod 14 & to these Egyptians the sacrifices of the flocks & herds of yethe Israelites were an Abomination Exod 8.26 & 10.9. . Egypt therefore was not yet subject to yethe s It was after this time therefore that Egypt came under the dominion of the shepherds: but soon after the departure of Israel out of Egypt the Shepherds
The Kings of the Sheepherds in Egypt were Satatis, Beon, Aphacnas, Aphophis, Ianias, &c They reigned in Egypt (saith Manetho apud Iosephum cont. Ap) 511 years that is till the reign of Solomon In the latter endtime of their kingdom the Kings of Thebes were Amosis or Tethmosis Chebron, Amenophes, Mephres, Misphragmuthosis Tethmosis or Thummosis & Amenophes. Amosis took Heliopolis from them & there abolished the custome of sacrificing Men in that City. Misphragmuthosis beat them & shut them upmade them retire into a place calledthe City Abaris or Pelusium & there walled them up. Tuthmosis Thummosis forced them to depart out of Egypt. In the reign of Amenophis they returned into Egypt but after 13 years were driven out again by Amenophes & his son Ramses. And by these victories Thebes became the Metropolis of all Egypt. thereupon& thence forward by the victories of Sesostris grew the greatest & most famous City of those daysCitythen in the world ✱
✱ Herodotus whose Historiy the more I examin th it the truer I find it, gives the best account of the ancient state of this nation. He saith that Menaes was their first King & built Memphis & that after him the Egyptian Priests read out of a book yethe names of 330 Kings of Egypt who reigned before Sesostris, amongst wchwhich were 18 Ethiopians & a forreign womāwoman named Nicrocris whu acquired the Kingdom by a memorable revenge of her brothers death & that the Priests reported nothing memorable done by any of the rest except Mæris the last rest except one who was the last of them & was called Mæris. These Kings seem to be the same wthwith those published afterwards by Manetho & to have reigned not all of them successively but several of them at once in several parts of Egypt before their small Kingdoms became united under one king.
The Kings of Egypt being established at home began soon to invade their neighbours. And first the King of Egypt took Gezer from yethe Canaanites & gave it for Solomonto his daughters portion to SolomonSolomons wife 1 King 9.16. Probably this was done by Thummosis after the first expulsion of the Sheepherds. Then Sesostris or Sesoosis called in scriptureaa Diodorus l. 1. p. 34 Sesach was sent by his father Amenophis against the Arabians & overcoming the want of water & meat subdued all that nation wchwhich till then had continued unvanquished. Probably these were the Arabians who had invaded Egypt before & were newly driven out. Afterwards he went westward & subdued a great part of Africk & then succeeded his father in the Kingdom This was before the death of Solomon 1 King 11.40. Then he subdueda all Ethiopia on yethe south of Egypt & the Troglodiytæ on yethe east & after that in the fift year of Rehoboam with an innumerable army of Egyptians Libyans (or Africans) sukkijmsTroglodytes & EthiopiansArabians made (2 Chron 12.3) made an expedition thorugh Iudea eastward & northward & in nine years subdued all Asia & Thrace & part of Scythia in Europe where he met wthwith a repulse.
1696 An AccotAccount of Monies RecdReceived
Date
And their kKingdoms being small & obscure & ancienter then the days of Solomon & some of them perh then the days of Moses, it is scarce practicable to give an intelligibledistinct & satisfactory account of them:the kings of theirose Kes are intermixed with especially since the names of some of the Kings who reigned after Sesostris are intermixed with them. For Mæris was certainly later then Sesostris & so was Nitocris if she reigned over both EÆgypt & Ethiopia as Iosephus mentions & built the third Pyramid, as Iosephus & Manetho mention. Letting pass therefore those obscure ages of Egypt I shall content my self wthwith Herodotus to giveing an account of the Kings who reigned after over all Egypt became unit after all Egypt became united into one Monarchy following herein the Example of Herodotus. who sets down theirrecites them in this order Sesostris, Pheron, Proteus, Rhampsinitus, Cheops, Cephen, Mycerinus, Asychis
The Kings of Thebes therefore having expelled the Sheepherds out of yethe lower Egypt & thereby established their dominion at homeat home began soon to invade their neighbours. And first the King of Egypt took Gezar from yethe Canaanites & gave it to his daughter Solomons wife. Prob 1 King. 9.16. Probably this was done by Thummosis after this ex first expulsion of yethe Sheepherds abovementioned.
Then Sesostris (called also Sesoosis, &Sessosis Sethos, & Sesonchis, Sesonchosis & in Scripture Sesack was sent by his father Amenophis against the Arabians & overcoming the want of – – – – met with a repulse. Diodorus adds that he past yethe River Ganges & conquered all India. Wherever he came he set up columns wthwith inscriptions of his conquests some of wchwhich Herodotus saw in Syria & Asia minor & mentions that there were some of them extant in Thrace & Scythia. He caused also geographical tables to be made of this expedition & this gave a beginning to Geography. uner the conduct of Æt& in his return left a part of his army at Æa in Colchos under the command of Ætes the father of Medea to guard as it seems the pass between the seas least the Scythians should thence invade his conquests Whence it came to pass the people at Colchos spake the Egyptian language & used circumcision & are recconed a colony of Egyptians left there by Sesostris. And this seems to have occasioned the Expedition of the Argonauts, the Greeks being alarmed by the expedition of Sesostris into Thrace & thereupon sending an embassy in the ship Argo to Ætes & yethe Egyptians at Colchos.
Trogus in Iustins Epitome – – – – signifies fugitives.
Sesostris returning back into Egypt with much spoile & many captives imployed the captives in various works & distributed the land amongst his souldiers. Some think that he divided Egypt into the 36 Nomi setting a Iudge over every Nomus. And tho that division seems to be founded on the variety of religions the nations & religions of Egypt & by consequence to be much older, yet it might receive some regulations under Sesostris.
As Babylon & Rome were adorned in the height of their Empire so was Thebes & all Egypt in the reign of Sesostris & his successors, the captives spoiles & tribute of the Nations being imployed in building Palaces, Temples, Obelisks, Pyramids & other works. For Sesostris returning homeaa Diodor l 1. p. 35 Herod l 2. wthwith a great multitude of captives & large spoiles &bb Diodor l 1 p. 37 imposing yearly tributes on yethe conquered nations, cc Diodor l 1 p 36 Herod l 2.built & adorned new Temples in all the capital cities of Egypt & particularly the Temple of Vulcanb honouring the Gods & chiefly Vulcan with guifts &c cut ditches from yethe river Nile into all the parts of Egypt for supplying the cities wthwith water & carrying corn & other commodities by water between them, & with yethe earth dug out he raised the cities higher to defend them from the in–
undation
255
telt
undation of the river &dd Herod l 2. fortified them & in these workee Herod l 2 p 160 imployed only the captives he brought home with him. Heb erected also in Heliopolis two Obelisks of 120 feet cubits inscribing on them the greatness of his dominion & tribute wthwith yethe number of conquered nations,ff Amm. Marcellin. l 17. p 92 one of wchwhich Augustus Cæsar conveyed to Rome And gg Herod l 2 c 161.110.before the Temple of Vulcan he erected to his four sons &hHerod l 2 Strabo l ult. p. 804. attempted to cut a ditch from Nile to the red sea. Theh ground of Egypt he distributed in equall squares portions among the people who were to hold it by a yearly pension & bearing arms & hence Geometry had its rise. & Some think that he divided Egypt into yethe 36 Nomi setting a Iudge over every Nomus. And tho that division seems to be founded in the variety of the nations & religions of Egypt & by consequence to be much older yet it might receive some regulations under Sesostris.
The successors of Sesostris are by Herodotus named in this order Pheron, Proteus, Rhampsinitus, Cheops, Cephren, Mycerinus, Asychis, Anysis, Sabbacus Æthiops, Anysis iterum, Sethon Priest of Vulcani, sos, Duodecimu regesThe twelve Kings, Psammiticus, Necho, Psammis, Apries, Amasis Psamminitus &subdued by Cambyses King of Persia. Into Befor If Between Rhampsinitus & Cheops Herodotus omitted two Herodotus omittsbe placed are to be inserted Amenophes & Mæris. placing making Mæris the predecessor of Sesostris. In yethe rest the account b of series of the kings will be the besttruest extant& Boccharis &.
Pheron the son of Sesostris by Pliny called Nuncoreus, reigned made no warrs but upon throwing a dart into Euphratesthe river Nile became blind & after heupon recovering his sight miraculously, built two Obelisks in Heliopolis two Obelisks 100 cubits long & 8 broad one of wchwhich was carried to Rome by Caius. Perhaps he is the Phruron or Nilus of Syncellus Eratosthenes who reigned 5 years & from whom yethe River Nile had its Name. [For Dicaoarchus equals nNilus wthwith yethe Trojan warr].
An AcctAccount of Monies RcdReceived
Proteus was of Memphys & reigned there & left a sumptuous Toemple therein ytthat City to yethe South of yethe Temple of Vulcan. In this Temple was the house of Venus hospita by wchwhich name Herodotus heard thatconjectured that Helena the daughter of Tyndarus was meant having heard th that she stayed in Ægypt wthwith Proteus & was called Venus Hospita & being told so by the Priests of Egypt. For when Alexander stole her from her husband Menelaus yethe Greek, in his flight he was suspected by Tharis governour of the place & driven with her upon yethe coast of Egypt & there sent to proteus at Memphys & Proteus examining the matter determined Helelna & sent home Alexander. Then the Greeks demanding her of yethe Trojans made war upon Troy thinking Alexander had carried her thither but after yethe destruction of Troy Menelaus went for her into Egypt. And to this history, saith Herodotus, Homer alludes in mentioning Thonis in Egypt & the errors of Paris wthwith Helena by Sea upon yethe Coast of Sidon neare Egyptbefore yethe war & the voyage of Menelaus into Egypt after yethe Trojan war it, & Thonis in Ægypt. Chronologers nownow make the Trojan war above 260 years older then the thee days this King but to yethe ne chronologicyal of yethe Greeks before yethe Olympiads, tho writ in marble, there is no trust to be given. & I had rather trust arguments from synchronisms. Certainly Homer speaks of Thebes as in its glory [wthwith an 100 gates out of each of wchwhich 200 chariots issued] & greatness wchwhich 100 gates & 20000 chariots in yethe time of the Trojan war & this wchwhichdescription could not beagree to Thebes before yethe days of Sesostris. Also Pindar Hesiod makes Memnon to be the son of Tythonus & Aurora: wchwhich
Tithonus
Tithonus saith Diodorus was the son of Laomedon & brother of Priamus & warring in the eastern parts went as far as Æthiopia (that is was carried captive by Sesostris into Thebais) whence came yethe fable of Memnon's being born of him & Aurora & Tithonus. aAnd to ytthat same purpose is the story told by Pindar Pausanias Diodorus & others of the Memnons being at yethe war of Troy, & there slain by Achilles, the Greeks taking hold of yethe Synchronism to frame such stories in honour of their nation ancestors. Pliny places the taking of Troy in the reign of Rhampsinitus. Ab And all these all these syncronisms may be also true if Rhampsinitus sent Memnon abroad wthwith an army & implo Proteus was a deputy KingPrince placed by him over the lower Ægypt. For PProteuswas not a Theban but a Memphite Herodotus tells us that Proteus was the greek name of yethe this King. & he was a Memphite & this name in yethe Syrian tongue beingwas Adad wchwhich was yethe title & the common name of the Kings IThis name in Latin is Primus or Princeps a Prince in the Syrian tongue. Adad a name commonly given there to Kings whence& accordingly the Kings of Syria are usually called Adad & therefore there might be some such titleor name in Egypt. In yethe reign of David Hadad of yethe Kings seed in Edom fled to the King ofbeing a child fled into Egypt & married the sis & grew into great favour wthwith Pharaoh & married the sister Pharaoh gave him a house & land & the sister of his own wife Taphanes yethe Queen. 1 King 11. Perhaps Proteus was a Memof his son T race, for he was a Memphite & not of Thebes And perhaps there migh And probably the Egyptians had some such title for the greatest men next their Princes next under Pharaoh.For Proteus was not of Thebes but Memphys & therefore not of yethe race of Sesostris.
Rhampsinitus called by Manetho Rhampses by Eusebius Rhamses by Diodorus Remphis, by Africanus Rapsatesa was one the elder son of Sesostris aa Manetho apud Euseb.Manetho saith he was his elder son & successor. He spent his his whole age &c.
Boccharis or Vochoharis seems to be the same wthwith him who is by Diodorus called also Uchoreus & Diodorus saith that Uchoreus was the 8th King from Ossymandes & built Memphys & fortified it wthwith a Lake & there placed his royall seat From wchwhich time Thebes decreased, all the following Kings reigning at Memphys, or some other place
Boccharis was invaded conquered & burnt by the both Sabacon ar (as Sechus the Ethiopian who also vanquishedat Amasis or Anysis & Nechus Kings of other parts of Egypt reigned over all Egypt 50 years & perhaps is that So who reigned in Egypt in yethe time if yethe Captiviatying of yethe 10 tribes 2 King& then left the kingdom voluntarily Africanus calls him Steuechus & perhaps he is that Sous or Sua or as Iosephus calls him Sooan who reigned in Egypt at yethe captivating of yethe 10 tribes 2 King. 17.4.
After yethe reign of Sabbacon Egypt was governed by 12 Kings who reigned together at Memphys 15 years & then one of t Psammiticus who wasthe son of Nechus & one of them twelve conquered the rest & became king of all Egypt.He called in forreigners to his assistance & was yethe first King that let yethe Greeks into Egypt, & reigned 54 years then reigned Nechos 16 years Psammis 6, Apries Vaphres (or Hophra Ier 44.30) 25 & Amasis 44 & Psammiticus 6 months according to Herodotus. Nechus made warr upon Iudeain Syria but Nebuchadnezzar not long after took from Nechus all that belonged to yethe KKing of Egypt from Euphrates tofrom yethe river of Egypt to yethe river Euphrates all that belonged to yethe K.King of Egypt 2 King. 223,24. And In the end of the reign of Amasis Egypt was invaded & Vanquished by Cambyses King of Persia, & has continued ever since in servitude.
Before Boccharis reigne was the son of T Gnephacthus, Neochabis or Tecnatis who & succeeded his father in yethe Kingdom. Marsham p. 481. Diodorus saith that Uchoreus (meaning I suppose Boccharis) was the 8th King from Osymandes & built Memphys (that is repaired it) & fortified it wthwith a Lake & there placed his royal seat from wchwhich time Thebes decreased the following Kings reigning at Memphys. In his days Amasis or Anysis & Nechus reigned in other parts of Egypt. They were all conquered by Sabacus an Ethiopion who burnt Boccharis & reigned over all Egypt 50 years Africanus calls him Seuechus & he seems to be that Sous or Sua or as Iosephus calls him Soan who reigned in Egypt at yethe captivity of the 10 Tribes. 2 King. 17.4
For his successor Sethon was beseiged in Pelusium (as Herodotus tells us) by Senacherib king of Assyria & freed by Mice eating the bowstrings of the Assyrians in memory of wchwhich heis had a statue seen by Herodotus hoelding a mouse in his hand