Memorandum on the French-English exchange rate alongside notes on Biblical chronology Isaac Newton Unknown c. 1,282 words Newton Project London 2020 Newton Project, University of Oxford

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 1701-1777, c. 1,282 words.

Overwritten with holograph notes on ancient Egyptian religion. On reverse (Mint 19/5/46v-47r): holograph notes on ancient chronology.

 MINT 19/5/46-7, National Archives, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK UKSurreyKew, RichmondNational Archives MINT 19/5/46-7 1701-1777 England English Holograph Unknown Hand MintAnalyses of Foreign Coin and Exchange Rates ReligionChronology Catalogue information compiled by Rob Iliffe, Peter Spargo & John Young Catalogue exported to teiHeader by Michael Hawkins Transcribed by Robert Ralley.

Our Way of exchanging with france is by crowns pieces of 60 sols each; Our Bills are always drawn so without having any regard to what the Crowns go for nowe in france.

Louis d'or go nowe in france for 12 Livres, 15 sols. which is 4 Crowns & 1/4 the Crown being of 60. sols as above.

The exchange between france & England has of Late been from 45d. to 44d.1/2 per crown and was done on munday Last at 44d.1/4.

if We compute a Louis d'or as the exchange was done on monday, and if we had then remitted money to france to have the returns in Louis d'or, as many Exchangers do Every post day, a Louis d'or brought over would have stood us but in 15ß 8d. 1/4.

and if the Exchange was Computed at 45d. per crown it would then stand but in 15ß 11d. 1/4.

Pharaoh sought yethe life of Moses for killing an Egyptian, the Iews were in bondage under yethe Egyptians, the ten plagues fell on yethe Egyptians, the Egyptians were drowned in the red sea. Not one word in all the story of any other people then Egyptians & Israelites. And its further to be observed that the worship of the calf wchwhich Israel brought out of Egypt was not yethe religion not that of Arabians but that wchwhich yethe genuine Egyptians paid to their God Osiris. And that Pharaoh feared least upon any incursion of the Arabians Israel should help them & go with them out of the land (Exod. 1.10) & that And that as shepherds in the time the Egyptians abominated shepherds in the days of Iacob & Ioseph, so they abominated the sacrifices of shepherds in yethe days of Moses Exod. 9.10. It was after this time theref. yethe Israel. came under yethe dom. of Egyptians yethe shepherds.

Ætes at Colchos. For the wife & Hecate the wife of Æetis, & Cerces & Medea his two daughters were were so skillfull in yethe virtues of Plants & druggs for curing wounds & diseases & for poysoning & & so knowing in the & doing other feats, that the Greeks themselves accounted them witches & Sorceresses. And such skill was scarce to be met with in those dark barbarous ages but among the rude ge native native Scythians was more like to come from Egypt then to be born in Scythia in those ignorant ages would scarce have been found in Scythia had it not been brought from Egypt. And after the death of Iason when Medea was bhad her choise to go whither she pleased she chose to go to Phœnicia a country next Ægypt whether a native Scythian woman whould scarce chuse to travel. HAnd Herodotus tells us by relation from the people of the kingdom of Persia that [when Iason had carried away Medea from Colchos her father Ætes sendt an embassy to the Greeks to demand Iustice againt] the Greeks carried away Medea from Colchos by way of requital for the rapture of carriage of Io the daughter Inachus from Greece into Ægypt, & that as they at Colchos had not been punished for yethe rapture of Io so neither should the Greeks be punished for the rapture of Medea.

– if to yethe 11 first kings we ascribe allow a reign of about 20 years a piece will be was about 70 years after the captivity of the ten tribes, vitzt Cranaus yethe first King of Macedon

alowing their Kings a reign of about 20 years a piece one with another continued 80 years from St IJames to yethe coming of Æneas into Italy, 300 years more to yethe building of Rome & 140 years more to yethe first Consul.

He reigned about the time of Davids death Solomon. For Herodotus tells us that the by the relation of yethe Persians relate theat the Phœnicians were the first occasion of the discord between the Greeks & other nations, coming from the red Sea into the Mediterranean & inhabiting there Phœnic making long viages with merchandizes from Ægypt & Assyria & to Argos & other places they seized upon Io the daughter of Inachus with some other Græcian weomen of Argos who came to buy their merchandizes & carried them away into Ægypt. Afterwards some Greeks of Crete coming to Tyre in revenge carried away Europa the daughter of the King. And afterwards committed a second injury For sailing to Cholchos they carried away Medea the kings daughter. And when they king of Colchos sent an Embassador to demand her back & that they who did yethe injury should be punished the Greakes answered that as they (vizt the Egyptians at Colchos) had not been punished for the rapture of Io so neither should the Greeks for that of Medea. The next age Alexander the son of Priam encouraged by these examples carried away Hellena & thereupon ensued the Trojan warr. Herod. l. 1. And Eusebius tells us that there flourished three Phœnician Historians Theodotus Hypsicrates & Mochus who all of them delivered in their Histories that under one certain King happened the rapture of Europa, the voyage of Menelaus into Phœnicia (vizt to seek Hellena) & the league of Hirome when he gave h is daughter to Solomon & & furnished him with timber for the Temple. Euseb. Præp. l. 10. And Clemens Alexandrius: Ierom Hiram gave his daughter to Solomon at that time when Menelaus after the taking of Troy came into Phœnicia as Menander of Pergamus & Lætus relate in their Phœnician Histories. Clem. strom. l 1. p 326.

He They staid long in Egypt (Manetho saith 511 years) & havde various warsrs with the Kings of Egyptians till Misphragmuthosis King of Thebes drave them out of almost all all Egypt & shut them up in except Avaris or Pelusium where they walled in a place of ten thousand acres of land & shupt them selves up. But Tethmosis Thumosis or Amosis the son of Misphragmuthosis besieged them with a great army & forced them to depart out of Egypt. After the manner of the ancient nations of Arabia they sacrificed man

AThe Israelites had been in Egypt 4030 years & yet are no where called Egyptians. remained a distinct from yethe Egyptians people so as not to be called Egyptians. And the shepherds also remaidremained a distinct people till the Egyptians drave them out of Egypt. for the & were being & by way of distinction were by the Egyptians of called Hycsos that is Shepherd-kings. But in the story of Moseds, Pharaoh & the king is called head his Captains & army & all his people except the Israelites are considered as one nation & called Egyptians without any distinction. And its further to be observed that the worship of the calf wchwhich Israel brought out of Egypt was not the not the religion of the genuine Egyptians not that of yethe Arabians but a worship wchwhich the genuine Egyptians paid to their God Osiris. Pharao feared least upon any incursion of the Arabians Israel should help them & go with them out of Egypt the land (Exod. 1.10) & that as every shepherd was an abomination to yethe Egyptians in the days of Ioseph so the sacrifices of the flocks & heards of the Israelites who were shepherds were an abomination to those Egyptioans on whome Moses inflicted the ten plagues. Exod 8.26

Had Pharaoh & his captains been shepherds they & forreigners as the Israelites twere they would rather have releived the Israelites from the oppression of the conquered Egyptians then have joyned wthwith yethe Egyptians in oppressing them.