<1r>

Megacles a potent Athenian slew Cylon \& his friends \{illeg}// for offending his \attempting/ to be king of Athens & was afterwards wth his family expelled Athens by the posterity of the slain. Alcmæon the son of Megacles enterteined & conducted the Messengers whom Crœsus sent to consult the Oracle at Delphos & for doing so was invited by Crœsus & rewarded wth much riches. And in the of the Amphy|i|ctyons \in their war/ against Cyrrha be \by ye made him advice of Solon made \this/ Alcmæon/ & Clisthenes king & Sicyon & Eurolycus king of Thessaly commanders of their army. And the Cyrrhæans were conquered Ann. 2 Olymp. 47 according to ye Marbles. Megacles the son of this Ac Alcmæon Married Agarista the daughter of Clisthenes, & by her had Clisthenes II & a little before the tyranny of Pisistratus she & Pisistratus & Lycurgus commanded the three factions into wch the Athenians were then divided. But When Pisistratus obteined the tyranny (vizt an 4 Olymp. 54) Alcmæon \Megacles/ & his friends were banished but soon after ejected Pisistratus & five years after Pisistratus by marrying the daughter of Megacles recovered restored him & gave him his daughter but a while after restored \ejected/ him again. Afterwards Pisistratus recovered ye tyranny again & after the death of Megacles \& Pisistratus his sons/ was|ere| again ejected by Clisthenes the son of Megacles & Agarista. an 1 Olymp 67, anno Darij 10mo.

The Amphictyons by the advice of Solon made Alcmæon the son of Megacles an Athenian & Clsithenes kings of Sicyon & Eurolycus king of Thessaly commanders of their army in their war against Cyrrha & the Cyrrhæans were conquered an 2 Olymp 47 according to ye Marbles. This Alcmæon entertained & conducted the Messengers wch Crœsus sent to consult the Oracle at Delphos & for doing so was sent for invited by Crœsus & rewarded wth much riches. And Clisthenes proposing proclaiming that he would marry his daughter Agarista within a year to the most deserving, there came to court her Megacles the son of this Alcmæon, & Leocides the son of Phidon \the Argive/ & several others & Clisthenes gave his daughter to Megacles. This was that Phidon king of Argos who appointed the weights & measures |& coined silver money in Ægina, & invading Clis presided in the Olympiads, as Herodotus sufficiently describes|. A Megacles by Agarista had a son called Clisthenes who Megacles wa Phidon therefore was of contemporary to Clisthenes & Alcmæon |Alcmæon both of them to Clisthenes| & Solon & their son|s| Megacles was \& Leocides were/ contemporary to \one another & to/ Pisistratus. ffor a little before ye tyranny of Pisistr Megacles, Pisistratus & Lycurgus commanded the three factions into wch ye Athenians were divided a little before ye tyranny of Pisistratus & when Pisistratus obteined the tyrrany m|h|e married ye daughter of Megacles & he & Megacles ejected one another by turns & at length Clisthenes the son of Megacles & Agarista expelled the posterity \sons/ of Pisistratus An 1 Olymp 67 according to the Marble. So then Phidon flourished in ye 47th Olympiad, that is about 6|7|0 years before the reign of Darius Hystaspis \death of Cyrus/ or 240 years after \Temenus &/ ye return of ye Heraclides: wch space being & in this time [& in this time there were 10 generations from Temenus to Phidon inclusively, or nine intervals, wch is \a reasonable proportion being/ after the rate of about 28 years to a|n| generation interval or generation. But Chronologers make the reccon about 511 years from ye return of the Heraclides to ye 47th Olympiad wch is after the rate of 57 years to a & account Phidon the seventh from Temenus which is after the rate of 85 years to a generation & therefore not to be admitted. <1v> After his example Solon regulated the weights & money of ye Athenians. for ffor the pound weight wch before conteined 73 drachms Solon appointed to consist of 100 drachms. And [in law his laws he appointed mulcts of \in/ drachms of silver] whereas the mulcts in Dracos laws (wch were made about 100 years before ye reign of Darius Hystaspis) were called Oxen, Solon appointed mulcts in drachms of silver. ffor the Greeks at first used only rude masses of metal of the value of Oxen {illeg} for the convenience of buying & selling sheep & Oxen & sheep recconing about ten Sheep to an Ox & thence they called these masses of metal \were calld/ Oxen & Pecunia. These masses were usually of in the form of long barrs {illeg} \&/ from their shape were called Oboli. Such was the iron money of Lycurgus & the iron obolus of & from their shape {illeg} they usually were \were they/ called \them/ Oboli they being usually in the form of long barrs. Such money Homer & Draco call Oxen, & but Solon calls his money drachms, wch implies that when he regulated weights he also regulated the Athenian money by {sic} {illeg} those weights \& such was the iron money of Lycurgus & the money of all Greece {illeg}/ before Phido & Solon regulated it by weight. [Asia minor abounded first in silver & gold & there coynage began. [For Crœsus had much coyned \gold/ money & the wife of Midas coyned gold & \in {Greece} the opinion of Herodotus Phidon was the first who coyned in Greece/ there is a \/ coyn of Atys a much older king of Lydia] Among the Greeks Phido is the first who coyned silver money & {illeg}|Philip| the father of Alexander the first who coyned any quantity of gold. The Romans were still poorer then ye Greeks & therefore coyned no copper money before ye reign of Ancus Martius, no silver money till about 300 years after \3 years before the first Punic war/, an 1 Olymp. 128, no gold money till about 62 years after that. Now Strabo tells us that Phido was the 10th from Temenus not the tenth king \(for between {illeg} Phido & Cisus ye son of Temenus they reigned not)/ but the 10 by generation from father to son including Temenus, or the 9th excluding him & these 9 generations taking up the 250 years from Temenus to Phidon, there were about 28 years to a generation one generation wth another wch is a moderate rate. But if wth Chronologers {illeg} reccon {illeg} &c

[Editorial Note 1]

Now So then the Greeks have made the reigns of their kings too long & by that means have raised their antiquities. The Olympiads being quadrennial al could not be stirred stirred, but in adjusting the reigns of their kings to the Olympiads they have made them reign earlier then they did. ffor Iulitus who restored the Olympiads they have made \above an/ 100 years older then the first Olympiad \wherein Gordæus was victor/ & to reconcile the difference they have suppose that there were many Olympiads before ye 1st the memory of wch has been buried in oblivion lost. that is they ground their Chronology upon suppositions of things wch they know nothing of. And by the \same/ means they make the return of the Heraclides into Peloponnesus about 328 years older then the Olympiads whereas it was scarce above 60 or 70 years older.

0x+ 12lxx + 16mx3, + 124nx4 + 1120ox5 00112n 00172O 0 2kx + 12mO36x3 + 160Ox5 0 k=A5. 0 m=A42A5+A6. 0 O=A3A44+6A54A6+A7 2A5x+ 13A4 23A5+ 13A6 13A3 13A7 00X3+160x5 000000+19 0.016 0.0+19 0 4A5 83A3+ 329A4 203A5+ 329A6 83A7+ 0000 +815 0.03215 0.0+4815 0.03215 0.0+815 0 3215A3 +6415A4 +815A5 +6415A6 3215A7 0 kx +lxx2 +mx36 +nx424 nxx12 +Ox372= 0 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 k=c 2kx mx33 Ox336 +Ox560 0000000000000000000000000000 m=b2c+d 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 O=a4b+6c4d+e 4k 83m 29O +815O =4k 83m +1445O =4c 8b+16c8d43 +14a56b+84c56d+14d45 a 0ab.bbc.ccd.ddee 00a2b+c.b2c+d.c2d+e 000a3b+3cd.3c+3de 0000a4b+6c4d+e 00000000 14a45 176b45 +504c45 176d45 +14e45 245  in  7a 88b +252c 88d +7e kx+12l+ k+12l+16m=c+b2c+d6=b+4c+d6 rπRπ1 =sφSφ1x +xSφ 000000 ezr+fzr+n+gzr+2n+ &c π =x πrSRπφsRSφx+xRSφ+1 000. k+lzn+mz2nφ πrSφRπ1 φsS1x =x =πrSφRπ1 φsSφ1Rπ =x =πrR1 φsS1  in RπSφ xλππ ×a+bxσω ×πrR1φsS1  in  RπSφ. Rλ1Sφλφππ Rλ+π1Sφλπ × a+bRTSrω ×πrR1 φsS1 RΛ+π1Sμ ×asυ+bRTω ×πrR1φsS1 asυ+bRTω ×πrRλ+π2Sμ φsRλ+π1Sμ1 RλπSφλπφ ×a+bRTSυω ×RTSφ ×πrR1 φsS1 RλSφλπ ×a+bRTSυω ×πrR1 φsS1.0 RλSμ ×aSυ+bRTω  in  πrR1 φsS1 πrS φsR in  λλ1Sμ+1 ×aSυ+bRTω RπSφ=x.0 πrRπ1Sφ +φsRπSφ1 =x= πrR1 +φsS1  in RπSφ RλπSφλφππ +υω× aSυ+BRTω ×πrR1 +φsS1  in  RπSφ RλSμ ×aSυ+bRTω ×πrR1 +φsS1 Rλ1Sμ1  in  aSυ+bRTω ×πrS +φsR

<2r>

– nine of Arcadia. Now from the return of the Heraclides to ye end of this t And their reign according to Chronologers took up 379 that is one reign with another the 11 kings one with another reigned 3412 years the 10 a piece the ten 38. years & the nine 42 years a piece wch is much too long for the course of nature. Pausanias tells us out of Tyrtæus a very old Poet who flourished in the time of ye second Messenian war that the first Messenian war lasted 20 years. Euphaes reigned \in Messene/ 13 years & Aristodemus six years & some months & it lasted all their two reigns & five months more. Deduct the 20 years of this war from the 379 & there will be 359 years from the return of ye Heraclides to the beginning of this war wch interval of time being taken up by the \reign of the/ eight first kings of Messene makes 45 years ten a piece to a reign one reign with another wch is very much too long for the course of nature.

Eu\r/yleon the son of Ægeus \commanded the main body of the Messenians in the fift year of the first Messenian {illeg} war &/ was in the fift generation from Oy|i|olycus the son of Theras the brother in law of Aristodemus & Tutor of his sons Eurysthenes & Procles \as Pausanias relates/ & by consequence he was in the six generation from Theras Pausanias tells us that Aristodemus married Angia the sister of Theras & by her had Eurysthenes & Procles \whom h/ & left them {his} son under the tuition of their unkle Theras from ye return of the Heraclides wch was in the days of Theras to ye fif battel in the \fift year of the/ first Messenian war there were six generations. Now this interval of time according to the vulgar chronology took up 364 years wch makes|ing| about 60 years to a generation one generation with another & therefore is very much too long for the course of nature.

By all these instances Chronologers \in collecting times past from the number of reigns or generations \of kings// have made the times between the return of Heraclides & the first Messenian war very much too long [for ye usual course of Nature & therefore If \we therefore/ we will reduce it to such a length as suits best wth \& it ought to be corrected, & reduced to such a/ \{sic} length as suits with best best wth/ the course of nature, {illeg} ff which will be done by recconning the reigns of the kings at about 20 or 21 years a piece one wth another. Let us say reccon therefore the eleven reigns of ye kings of Sparta by one race at 20 years a piece & the {illeg} tenn by another race at 22 years a piece & the ten of Messene also at 22 years a piece \& the nine of Arcadia & the nine of Arcadia at at / one reign with another & the interval between the return of the Heraclides & the end of ye first Messenian warr will amount to 220 years which is full long enough \if not still too long/. ffor \thus/ the nine kings of Arcadia will reigne 2412 reigns one years a piece one with another & the eight first kings of Messene will reign \200 years that is/ 25 years a piece one wth another & the six generations from Theras to Euryleon will take up 205 years that \wch/ is 34 years a piece \to a generation/ one with another Thus is this period \of time/ confirmed by six several ways of recconing.

<2v>

After the first Messenian warIn the race of the Spartan kings descended from Eurythenes \after him/ there \Polydorus/ reigned these kings Eurycrates I, Anaxander, Eurycrates II, Leon, Anaxandrides \fil/, Cleomenes \fil/, Leonides \frat/, & {sic} in the other race \after Theopompus reigned/ Zeuxidamus, Anaxidamus, Archidamus, Agasicles Ariston Demaratus Leotychides. [Cleomenes & Leonidas were the sons of Anaxandrides & reigned in the days of Darius Hystaspis, {illeg} \&/ Leonidas was slain \at/ in the {illeg} battel at Thermopylæ in the sixt year of Xerxes being then an old man. Demaratus was banished by Cleomenes & fled into to Darius Hystaspis & the kingdom was given to Leotychides] Cleomenes was & Demaratus \were conten/ flourished in the reign of Darius Hystaspis] Neare the beginning of the reign of Darius Hystaspis. Polycrates king of Samus being slain about ye 7th year of Cambyses was succeeded by Mæandrius who in \& Darius Hystaspis in or neare/ the beginning of this reign of Darius invading Samus Mæandrius fled to Cleomexes king of Sparta (Herod l. 3 prope finem) & t Some years after when \{Ionia} rebelled/ Darius proposed to conquer Greece he sent messengers to all Greece to demand fire \earth/ & water & the Islands submitted & amongst the rest Ægina. Whereupon Cleomenes king of Sparta to whom that Island belonged sailed to Ægina to comprehend the persons offending as if they fell awa revolted to ye Persians, But & in his absence was accused by Demaratus king the other king of Sparta, but upon his return caused Demaratus to be deposed as a bastard, & Leotychides to succeed him & then about 3 or 4 years after slew himself & was succeeded by his brother Leonidas who was slain by the Persians at Thermopylæ in the sixt year of Xerxes, Whence & Demaratus being deposed fled to ye Persians & remained among them till after the invasion of Greece by Xerxes at wch time Demaratus was alive being fled to ye Persians. \Vpon the death of Cleomines a war broke out between the Athenians & inhabitants of Ægina & the Athenians by the advice of Themistocles built ships as well against an expected invasion of the Persians as against the people of Ægina/ By all wch it seems to me that Cleomenes began his reign about the same time wth Darius \or within 2 or 3 years after/ & {illeg} reigned till about ye 30th \28th or / year of that king & that Demaratus was deposed about ye 24|9|th year of Darius & lived above 18 years longer. So then between the {illeg} end {illeg} of the first Messenian war & the reign of Darius there were about five reigns in both races of the kings of Sparta wch at 20 years apiece one reign wth another make the space of about an hundred years. But Chronologers make it 202 years wch is about \more then/ 40 years a piece to the five reigns one wth another.

Polydectes {illeg} \king of Sparta/ being slain before the birth of his son Charillus or Charilaus, left ye tuition of his kingdom & his to his brother Lycurgus who \the Legislator/ & Lycurgus upon the birth of Charilaus became his Tutor \to the child/ & published his laws in ye reign of Agesilaus the king of Sparta |successor of of {sic} Darissus| in the other race of |ye| kings \of Sparta./ {illeg} Now Aristotel finding the Now the name of Lycurgus being upon the Olympic Disk Aristotle concluded thence that Lycurgus assisted in instituting \was the companion of Iphitus in restoring/ the Olympiads And The Discus was produced in the games called Quinquertium \(Pausan: l 5 c. 19) wch were boxing, running, leaping, the Discus, & wrastling./ & therefore Lycurgus flourished in the 18th Olympiad [wch goes very well wth or recconing \& {as}/ ffor according to or recconing the 18 Olympiad was celebrated in ye 17th year of Ageslates in whose reign Lycurgus published his laws. But \reign/ So then the 18 Olympiad in wch Lycurgus assisted in instituting the Discus <3r> ought to fall in ye reign of Agesilaus in wch Lycurgus published his laws. And so it doth according to or recconing & therefore confirms this recconing. But according Chronologers reccon Lycurgus as old as Iphitus & both of them almost 200 years older then ye 18th Olympiad. Now the name of Lycurgus being on the Olympic Disk Aristotel concluded thence that Lycurgus was the companion of Iphitus in restoring the Olympiads. {illeg} But it is to b But Iphitus did not restore all the Olympic games. He restored the {illeg} racing, with Chariots in the first Olympiad Coræbus being victor. In the 14th Olympiad the double Stadium was added & in 18th the Quinquertium Hypænus being victor & in the 18th the Quinquertium & wrastling were restored Lampis & Eurybatus being victors (two Spartans) being Victors. & \Now Pausanas tells us that/ the Discus was produced in the Quinquertium, [& others say that the Quinquertium consisted of these five games, running, leaping, wrastling, coiting & boxing.] And therefore Lycurgus whose name was on the Discus, flourished \not in the first but/ in the eighteenth Olympiad. & Charillus & Agesilaus reigned So then Chronologers err in making Lycurgus & his contemporaries Agesilaus & Charillus as old as Iphitus & all of them almost 200 years older then the 18th Olympiad & {illeg} In our account \of time/ the 18th Olympiad falls in the reign of Agesilaus & minority \Tuition/ of Charillus as it ought to do. Now the Disk was one of the games of the Quinquertium & Pausanias tells us that there were three Disks kept in the Olympic treasury at Altis & produced in the games of the Quinquertium. One of \those games./ Probably \Doubtless/ these were dedicated by Lycurgus & had his name \they which had the name of Lycurgus/ upon them, being dedicated by him. So then the \game of the/ Disk was restored in 18th Olympiad & therefore Pythan Lycu that Olympiad fell upon the Tui minority of Charillus |ye| Tuition of Lycurgus & |ye| reigh of Agesilaus. Now ffrom the middle of the reign of Agesilates to the end of the reign of Anaxandrides there were 912 reigns wch at 20 years a piece come to 190 years & these years counted backwards from ye beginning of the reign of Darius \Hystaspis/ place the middle of ye reign of Agesilaus upon the 2d year of ye 17th Olympiad, wch being but three years before ye 18th Olympiad, shews that or way of recconing comes very neare the truth. So there \And/ Chronologers have been mistaken in making Lycurgus as old as Charillus & Agesilaus as old as Iphitus & all of them almost \as old as Iphitus & all of them about 180 or 200/ 200 {sic} years older then the 18th Olympiad. Thucydides (who was older then the Chronologers) tells us that there \were/ three hundred years & a few more to the end of the Peloponnesian war from the time that the Lacedemonians had used the same admistration {sic} of their commonwealth, that is from the Legislature of Lycurgus. And this agrees perfectly with or recconing. ffor ye 18th Olympiad was 304 years before the end of the Peloponnesian war. This testimony of Thucydides I lay the more stress upon because \he wrote while/ that government of the Spartans was very singular & very advanta yet in being. ffor that government being very singular & very advantageous to the Spartans, its very probable that while it lasted they retained a memory of it's antiquity & \antiquity &/ first institution. & of its antiquity

We told you that upon the return of the Heraclides returned into Peloponnesus under the conduct of Temenus, Cresphontes & Aristodemus, & that Temenus reigned at Argos. He was succeeded by Afte him reigned Cisus, M{illeg}, Thestius, Acaus, Ares his son \{illeg}/ & then Corinth deposed & her kings until Phidon invaded the kingdom. Phidon is by some recconed |He was succeeded by his son Cisus & then the kingdom ceased untill Phidon the tenth from Temenus recovered| <3v> Phidon \was potent for a time &/ invented weights & measures & was the t coyned money in Ægina of Gold & Silver in Ægina, \& w/ & was the {illeg} being the first of the Greeks who coyned such money. His son Leocides was contemporary to Megalles the son of Alcmæon, both of them at ye same time being woers of Agarista the daughter of Clisthenes king of Sicyon. And Alcmæon was contemporary to Crœsus. ffor And therefore Phidon was \also/ contemporary to Crœsus or not above one generation older. Chronologers make Phidon {above} 200 years older. & A I will therefo |Chronologers make him much older but I had rather trust to Herodotus.| Let us \therefore/ suppose yt he was \Phidon/ flourished about fifty \sixty/ years before the reign of Darius Hystaspis, & that is about 27|6|0 years after the return of the Heraclides, & since (\as/ Strabo tells us) that) he was the 10th from Temenus, there will be nine generations in 260 years which is 29 years to after ye rate of 29 years to a generation wch is a reasonable allowance.

In ye elective kingdom of the Romans, ninety or an hundred years may be a reasonable allowance for the reign of the seven kings before the Consuls, especially since all of them except Numa either died violent deaths or were deposed. And according to this recconing Numa who was a Pythagorean philosopher & coyned coyned {sic} copper money might live after Pherecides Syrus, Thales & Pythagoras had brought philosophy into Europe & be contemporary to Phidon who coyned money in Greece.

<4r>

When \Europa &/ Cadmus & his captains be \& their kindred & captains/ came with Colonies into \Crete &/ Greece, they|re| were accompanied with a body of Phœnician Priests \among them a sort of men/ called Curetes or Corybantes Delchines These setled some in Crete where they were called \also Curetes &/ Idæi Dactyli,2, some in Th Samothrace where they were called Cabyri,1 some in Ph\r/ygia where they were called \Curetes/ Corybantes, some in Ætolia where they were called Curetes,3 some in Rhodes where they were called Telchines, some in & others in \Eubæa, Lemnos &|I|mbrus &/ other places. And a considerable body of them setled in Ætiola which was thence called the country of the Curetes untill Ætolus invaded it & called it by his own name. Strabo. l. 10. p \464,/ 465, 466 &c. For all the Curetes in all these places were men of the same \kind kind./ differing very little from one another \in manners/. At the sacrifices they appeared seized wth a divine fury, & danced in armour with great clamour tumult & clamour & bells & drums & pipes & weapons wth wch they struck upon one anothers armour in musical time. And this is recconned the \first/ original of music in Greece. This noisy dancing they pretended to be in memory of their attending \& guarding/ Rhea or Cybele & (otherwise called Cybele & Magna mater) & her \young/ son Iupiter. They were skilled in arts & sciences \& brought many arts into Greece./ t|T|heir actions were mystical |about religious mysteries by the coins| & they were \by the people admired &/ accounted impostors & jugglers \& servan \conjurers/ & magicians/. They first {made a} wrought in brass \& copper/ in Eubæa in a city thence called Chalcis \& in other places where they setled/ & afterwards found out iron in Creat mont {sic} Ida in Crete & wrought \also/ in that metal. Also in Crete & |first in Crete & then they had shops in| Lemnos \& I/ & Rhodes \{Imbrua}/ & other places. Strabo l. 10. p 466, 7, 8, 9, 472, 473 & l. 4. p. 365. In Phygia {sic} the|y| \instituted/ mysteries were only \only/ about Rhea called Cybele & Magna mater, in Crete they|ir| \mysteries/ were also about her son Iupiter. These These the Idæi Dactyli represented that when Iupiter was born in Crete his mother Rhea caused him to be educated in a cave in mount Ida under the|ir| care, of them & that they danced about him in armour \& that they armed themselves in his defence & danced about him with a great noise that his/ with a great noise that his {sic} father Saturn might not hear him cry \& their mysteries were in memory thereof. Whence I conclude that \& when he was grown up assisted him in conquering his father \& in memory thereof instituted their mysteries///. |Now| [This Iupiter can be no other \king of Crete/ then Minos. < insertion from f 5r > & armed themselves in his defence against his father Saturn & danced about him with a great noise that his father might not hear him cry & when he was grown up assisted him in conquering his father & in memory of these things instituted their mysteries. Stephanus [in Γαζα] lets us know that In Gaza they called him Marnas wch \{name}/ signifies king of men. In Crete he was such another king. Iupiter was worshipped in Gaza a city of Phœnicia after the same manner as in Crete, & this is an argument that the Curetes came originally from the country of the Philistines. In Gaza they called him Marnas wch {illeg} word signifes the king of men. In Crete he was such another king. And I take this king to be Minos.

For Minos was born soon after the coming of \Asterius was grown up & began to reign before/ Europa & the Phenicians came into Crete in the reign of Asterius & Minos was born soon after \their coming/ & its probable Europa being a Phœnician would be apt to trust {illeg}her countrimen \the Curetes/ with the care & education of her child

For the ancients gave the names of Saturn & Iupiter to the two first kings of a kingdom & Saturn \Asterius/ & Iupiter \Minos/ were the two first kings of all Crete mentioned in history & Minos was the most famous & potent & famous of all the kings of Crete & on that account deserves the name of Iupiter above them all. {illeg} He was the Lawmaker of Crete & \was/ so famous for justice as to be accounted the \principall/ judge of hell Hades \Hel/ & justice was the distinguishing character of Iupiter. Minos was a great warrior & \the \most/ potent of all the Greeks of his age &/ had the dominion of dominion of {sic} the seas & was the first of the Greeks who had that dominion & Iupiter was the greatest of all the Gods & had a scepter in one hand & a thunderbolt in the other to shew that he was a warlike king. [Asterius was grown up & began to reign before Europa & the Phenicians came into Crete &] Minos was the first king of Crete who could be educated by the Curetes. He was born soon after they came into that into yt Island & its probable that his mother being a Phœnician would commit the care & education of her child to her countrymen. Mount Ida was {illeg} excavated \throughout/ by art with walks & \many/ winding intricate passages wch they called the Labyrinth. There the Idæi Dactyli might & their weomen might educate the child. There they might find out minerals & {illeg} make armour first of copper & then of iron & by the help of this armour after Minos was grown up overcome the native Cretans & depose \expell/ Asterius & set Minos upon the throne. & in memory of these things institute their mysteries & compose the fable of Iupiter's education & of his expelling his father by the assistance of ye Curetes. And by being educated under these men he might \might/ become so wise a lawmaker as to have his laws consulted by \the wisest of the/ following Lawmakes {sic} & with his brother Rhadamanthus so exact in the administration of justice as on that account also to be celebrated above other men to all posterity. He <5v> was buried in the same cave where he was educated: for Pythagoras went down into the Idæan cave to see his sepulchre [Pophyrius {sic} in vita Pythag.] Whence Lucian \(in Sacrificijs)/ tells us that the Cretans do not only recount relate that Iupiter was born & buried amongst them but also shew his sepulchre. And the Scholiast upon Pindar (Ode 1 in of Callimachus [Ode 1 in Iovian] v. 8] tells that Cicero in numbering three Iupiters saith that the third was the Cretan Iupiter Saturns son \whose sepulchre was shown in Crete/, & the Scholiast upon Callimachus [Ode 1 in Iovem v. 8] lets us know that this was the Sepulchre of Minos. By Saturn Cicero \who was a Latine/ understands the Saturn of the Latines. For when {illeg} Aurelius Victor tells us that the Saturn {soon} came \being expelled by Iupiter fled in sailed a ship/ from Crete into Italy. About the same time some other Greeks carried colonies into Italy as Oenotrus the youngest son of Lycaon & Ianus who received Saturn into part of his kingdom. And this is the first memory of things done in Italy. < text from f 4r resumes > [For Minos was born when the Curetes came first into Crete & was the greatest king who of the kings of Crete having the dominion \of the seas wth/ a potent fleet & conquering many of the Greek islands. His father Asterius was the {illeg} first king of all Crete of He & his father Asterius were the two first kings of all Crete mentioned in history ||And| Being educated by the Curetes he became an excellent king in civil as well as in military affairs. And being \He was/ the greatest \& most celebrated/ king of his time among all the Greeks, {illeg} \& therefore/ deserved the name of Iupiter above them all & his funeral {illeg} deserved most to have his funeral celebrated by the Curetes with a greater solemnity then that of any other king.| of whom {sic} there is any certain mention in history & by consequence they were the Saturn & Iupiter of ye Cretans. And \For/ The Scholiast upon Callimachus tells us that Minos was the the sepulchre of Minos was by the Cretans called the Sepulchre of Iupiter [Schol. Callim. Hymn. 1 in Iovem v. 8.] And Cicero[1] that numbering three Iupiters saith that the third was the Cretan Iupiter Saturn's son whose sepulchre was shewn in Crete, & the scholiast upon Pindar a[2] lets us know that this was the sepulchre of Minos. His father Asterius was the first king of all Crete so far as appears in history, & the two first kings of every kingdom were {illeg} usually by the ancients reputed the Saturn & Iupiter of the kingdom.] Stephanus [in Gaz Γαζα] lets know that Iupiter was worshipped in Gaza a city of Phœnicia after the same manner as in Crete, & this makes it proble {sic} that the Curetes came originally from the country of the Philistines.

Amphictyon the son of Deucalion reigned in Athens next before Deucalion \Erectheus as above/ & Xuthus the youngest son of Hellen the son of Deucalion married the daughter of Erectheus & therefore Deucalion|s| [was between one & two years \generations or about 40 years/ older then Erectheus &] his flood was just before the coming of Cadmus into Europe & the reigns of Erectheus flood was a little before the reign of Erectheus. \The marble makes it ten years before the coming of Cadmus into Europe./ The Poets represent it occasioned by the wickedness of Lycaon, who offered humane sacrifices to Iupiter, & therefore being \since they feigned ito {sic} be/ a punishment inflicted on him for his wickedness, it was \happened/ in the end of his reign & |by consequence| therefore \was/ about the time that Cadmus came into Europe. The eastern nations of those days in their figurative Now the Poets tell us that next after This flood was \succeeded by/ the four ages called the Golden the silver the brazen & the iron ages.// The fourth age ended with the wars against Thebes & Troy as Hesiod tells us expresly. But Hesiod living in the age next after the four calls his own age the fift & translates the name of the iron age from the fourth to this, recconing every age to be worse then the former & his own to <4v> be the worst. And these five ages he reccons to be so many generations of men describing that every age ended when the men of the age were buried & deified & a new generation of men arose, & saying that the men of the fourth age perished at \in/ the warrs against Thebes & Troy & that Iupiter would destroy the fift age in wch he lived when ye men of that age should grow hoary headed.

The third age ended with the Argonautic expedition that was ffor that was one age before the destruction of Troy recconing three ages to an hundred years or about 33 yars to an age, & the Poets tell us that Talus who guarded the island Crete was the last man of the brazen age & died when the Argonauts in returning home arrived at that island.

The second age was the reign of Iupiter & fell in with the reign \days/ of Minos. ffor the Poets tell us that Niobe the daughter of {Phoroneus} was the first woman & Alcmena the last with whom Iupiter lay. And that Chiron who{illeg} lived till the \Argonautic expedition or/ end of the brazen age was begot of Phy|i|llyra by Saturn in the golden age when Iupiter was educated among the Idæi Dactyli as Apollonius relates. The Cretan \The Cretan/ Iupiter was therefore educated \in Crete/ by the Idæi Dactyli in the golden age & \by consequence/ reigned in the silver age according to the Theology of the Curetes & |since Theseus overcame the Minotaur & Minos was slain about 39 years before the| the lifetime of Chiron comprehended the brazen age & the silver age & part of ye golden age \& lasted about one generation or 33 years longer then the reign of Minos,/ this Iupiter can be no other then Minos. |For Theseus overthrew {illeg} no other king of crete was educated by the Idæi Dactyli when Chiron was born &| |Theseus overcame the Minotaur about 33 years before ye Argonautic expedition & Minos| was slain soon \presently/ after, that is one generation b \& no other king of Crete was educated by the Idæi Dactyli when Chiron was born./ The whole time between the \Argonautic expedition & the/ coming of Cadmus & \the Curetes with/ Europa & Cadmus into Crete & Greece & the Argonautic expedition was about an hundred years, wch being divided into three equal parts allows about 33 years for the golden age & reign of Asterius the father of Minos, 33 years more for the silver age & reign of Minos, & {sic} 33 years more for the iron age & reign o brazen age & reign of {illeg} over Asia & a good Thrace & part of Greece part of Europe, & the iron age took up about 33 years more till the ruin of Troy.

The Eleans in giving an account o people of Elis in giving an account of their own originals say that Saturn reigned first in the kingdom of heaven & that the men who reigned first in \were called/ the golden age built a temple to him in Olympia & that his wife Rhea when Iupiter was born committed the custody of the child to ye Idæi Dactyli otherwise called the Curetes & that five of these Idæi Dactyli \(whose names were Hercules Pæonius, Epimedes, Iasius & Ida/ coming afterwards from Ida a mountain of Crete into Elis there instituted the game of racing once every \in/ four years wch was the Original of the Olympic games Pausan l. 5. c      A The Iupiter therefore who reigned in the silver age was certainly the Cretan Iupiter educated in the golden age in mount Ida by the Curetes Idæi Dactyli, & the Parable of the reign of Saturn & Iupiter in the golden & silver ages was brought from Crete into Greece by the Idæi Dactyli, And because commenced with The \first/ coming of the Id and being formed by the|m| Idæi Dactyli commenced with their first coming into Crete in the reign of Asterius, or with \& by consequence/ in \or with/ the reign of Asterius. After ye end |or at the soonest with the beginning of his reign. For we have already shewed that the Saturn & Iupiter of the Idæi Dactyli were Asterius & Minos, the name of Saturn being given to Asterius by the Latines in memory of his lying hid in Italy.| The Th Now Ath {illeg} his {description} of the Poets agree to the four generations here described \above mentioned/. In the first \of the four/ ages men lived upon \roots,/ berries apples peares acorns & other spontaneus fruits of the earth \without the toill of {plowing} & sowing/. In the second the Greeks began to plow & sow & {make bread} & grow potent at sea & mult by the invention of iron to multiply arts. In the third they grew more warlike & in the fourth invented the constellations & \invented the constellations & {illeg} & began to build long ships/ grew more warlike but still used armour & weapons & utensils of copper. In the fourth, iron \& wealth in metals/ began to abound & men grew \still more wealthy &/ more injurious & violent {illeg} being tempt & improved navigation building long ships & making long viages at sea. And these are the characters of the four ages given by <5r> the Poets In the end of the third they invented the constellations & began to built a long ship & began to make long voyages. In the end of the {sic} fourth they riches in metals increased & men began to grew more injurious & violent & built long continued to mak build long ships & {illeg} improve navigation. And these are the characters of the four ages given by the Poets.

They tell us that the Cretan Iupiter expelled \conquered made war upon/ his father Saturn & that Saturn fled \made him fly/ from Italy into Crete into Italy: wch makes it probable yt {illeg} ye Saturn of the Latines was Asterius the father of Minos. for ffor Minos was a very warlike p|P|rince \&/ being the son of a forreign woman might come to the crown by force.

<5v> [Editorial Note 2]

[3]The Eleans recconed Aëthlius the son of Iupiter \Æolus/ their first king He was the father of Endymion the father of Pæon, Epeus, & Ætolus & Eurycida. Epeus succeeded his father in the kingdom & left it to Ætolus & from him the people were called Epeans. In his reign Pelops came into Peloponnesus & succeed Oenomaus in the kingdom of Pisa & took Olympia from Epeus Epeus was succeeded first by his brother Ætolus & the his brother & then by Eleus the son of his sister Euricyda. \For Ætolus killed Apis the son of Phoroneus \& {illeg}/ (Conon Narrat. 27. Apollodor l. 1 c. 7. sec. 6)/ From Eleus the people were called Eleans. He was succeded by Augeas whose stable Hercules cleansed. Augeas was then an old man & denying Hercules the reward promised him there ensued a war between them. Augeas was assisted by the sons of Actor the grandson of Epeus: but Hercules slew them, & took Elis & gave the kingdom to Phylus the son of Augeas. Hercules was therefore one generation younger then Augeas & six \seven/ generations younger then \Æolus the father of/ Aethlius, & by consequence Aethlius was contemporary to S \Æolus/ flourished about 160 or 170 years before Hercules, that is in the latter end of the Priesthood of Eli. And since his son \grandson/ Endymion was an Astronomer, we may reccon that {illeg} & & the native Greeks in those days were ignorant of all arts & sciences we may reccon that \his grandfather Æolus the came with his/ his {sic} family came from Egypt in the days of his father As Aëthlius Eli.

The Eleans in giving an account of their own originals say that Saturn reigned first in {illeg} the kingdom of heaven that is in Olympia, & that the men who were called the golden age built a temple to him in Olympia & that his wife Rhea when Iupiter was born committed the custody of the child to the Idæi Dactyli otherwise called \the/ Curetes. & that five of these Idæi Dactyli \whose names were Hercules, Pæonius, Epimedes, Iasius & Ida/ coming afterwards /afterwards\ from Ida a mountain of Crete into Elis, there instituted the game of racing once in four years, wch was the original of ye Olympic games. Pausan. l. 5.

Hellen by his sons Æolus Xuthus & Dorus had a numerous ofspring. He was contemporary to Cadmus & Erechtheus: for his second son Xuthus married one of the daughters of Erechtheus. He reigned in Thessaly & {illeg} wth his sons Æolus & Dorus & grandsons Achæus & Ion \(the sons of Xuthus)/ gave names to the Hellenes, Æolians, Dores, Achæans & Iones. Hellen is by some reputed the son of Deucalion \the son of Prometheus/, by others the son of Iupiter (Conon Narrat. 27. Apollodor l. 1. c. 7. sec. 2.) The first seems improble {sic}: for Prometheus was an Egyptian & Deucalion an Hyperborean & both of them younger then Hellen.

Oxylus the son of Acmon.

<6r>

D Diodorus tells us that the {illeg} mysteries & sacred rites left taught by Orpheus & thence called Orphici were those wch Bacchus instituted & left wth in Trace {sic} with Charops & {Oeagrs} from whom Orpheus had them. that Linus \who was/ the master of Orpheus Thamyris & Hercules & by consequence flourished in the times between the Expedition of Sesostris & that of ye Argonauts, wrote the actions of this Bacchus in the old Pelasgic letters, & that Dionysius wrote ye history of Bacchus & the Amazons, the Argonautic expedition & the things done at Troy, that is, he wrote the history of the Greeks beginning wth the expedition of Bacchus & the Amazons, going on wth ye expedition of ye Argonauts |& proceeding to the expedition of ye Argonauts| & ending wth ye destruction of Troy, & therefore this Bacchus flourished in the times next before the Argonautic expedition. Had he been much older his actions would not have been remembred for want of ye use of letters |Had he been older then Sesostris his actions would not have the actions of Sesostris would h in Greece would have bee|i|n|g| fresher in memory & come between those of Bacchus & ye Arg.|

Homer places Thebes in Ethiopia, &

The Ethiopians reported that the Egyptians were a colony drawn out from them by Osiris & that thence it came to pass that most of the laws of Egypt were the same with those in Ethiopia & that ye Egyptians learnt from ye Ethiopians ye custome of deifying their kings. Diodor l. 3. p. 101.

Letters might be invented long before in the lower Egypt, {illeg} the Egyptian reed being used as \the/ papyr and calle supp being the oldest papyr. ffor Moses who wa the Egyptians were learned before the days of Moses & he being skilled in all their learning wrote down the law in letters upon tables of stone & in books. But And this became the vulgar way of writing \in Egypt/ after the conquest of Egypt by the Ethiopians. but the P \while/ while \But/ the Priests of Egypt in their sacred books used the Ethiopic character hieroglyphical character \of the Ethiopians/. And this shews that the religious & sacred rites wch prevailed in Egypt after the expulsion of the Shepherds were ye Æthiopic. And whilst the Æthiopians had no letters to write down sounds but used another way of writing, they wrote not down the names of men, but represented the men by hierglyphical {sic} figures, as by painting Ammon &c.

And therefore \this/ Bacchus was contemporary flourished in the times next before ye Argonautic expedition & was contemporary to Sesostris. Had he been much older his actions would not have been remembred for want of ye use of letters.

<7r>

For Thebes & its territory were anciently distinguished from Coptos & its territory, {illeg} the former being called Æthiopia [Αἰα Θήβων] till Homers days.

\The kingdoms of/ Ægypt before the rise of the Monarchy, became dist reduced into three or four principal ones \kingdoms countrys differing in language/. One was Thebes with its territory called Æthioppia by Homer. Another was Coptus & its terr the lower Ægypt called Misraim in {sic} in scripture & Aeria from \Mizraim/ the capital Mizraim \of the first inhabitants/ & Aeria from Abaris or Αουαρις the capital of the Shepherds. And a third was Coptus & its territory ffor called. For the language of \all/ Egypt was \afterwards/ called the Coptic that is till the days \times/ of the Greek & {sic} Latine Empires \called the Coptic/, that is the language of the city Coptus & its territory of Coptus. And therefore this city conquered all the rest & by conquest conquered spread its language into all AÆgypt, & together with its language it spread its name Αἰα Κοπτου Ægypt. For Herodotus tells us tha

Ægypt like other nations being at first divided into many little kingds & those kingdoms growing bigger & bigger till they grew all united {illeg} into one monarchy, the \main chief/ kingdoms wch flourished next before \the rise of/ that monarchy (suppose in ye in ye days of Eli \& the Iudges/ seem to have been Thebes with the territory called Æthopia by Homer Mizzraim \those of Misraim Thebes & Coptus, {neither} that is/ the lower Ægypt called Mizraim from the \old {illeg}/ capital Mizraim as above & Aeria from the capital of the shepherds Abaris or Αὀυαρις; Thebes with its territory called Thebe Æthiopia by Homer [Αἰα Θήβων] by Homer: & Coptus wth its territory called Ægypt; [Αἰα Κόπτου] by Herodotus \Ægypt whence comes the name of Egypt/. ffor Herodotus tells us that Thebais was anciently called Ægypt, & therefore that name was given to the upper Ægypt before it was given to the lower. |And| The language of all Egypt wall|s| called the Coptic till the times of the Greek & Latine Empire & therefore was originally ye \that is therefore was originally/ \originally the/ language of Copto the city & territory of Coptus & \therefore it/ was propagated from thence \Coptus thence/ to all Egypt together with the name of A by conquest, together with the name of Egypt. The Kings of Coptus first \first/ conquered Thebes & its territory & thereby extended the name of [Αἰα Κόπτου] {illeg} Ægypt to all the upper part of Egypt before they conquered \& then by expelling/ the Shepherds extended their name & language to all Egypt.

And these three spake different at languages originally, the language of Thebes being Æthiopic, that of Mizraim {semi} Ph the language of Coptus the Coptic & the Shepherds & that of the lower Egypt a dialect of the shepherds. But the Coptic prevailed & became the language of all Egypt till the times of the Greek & Latine Empires & therefore the kings of Coptus conquered all Egypt. They first conquered Thebes & thereby extended the name of Ægypt to all Thebe their country And Ægypt to {illeg} all Thebais, & then by & then by expelling the shepherds they extended the same name to all {illeg} the lower Egypt. For Herodotus tells us that Thebais was anciently \called/ Ægypt & therefore this name was given to all the upper parts of Egypt before it was given to the lower. When the Coptites conquered Thebes they might also conquer This & Elephantis unless those cities were conquered before by by {sic} Thebes. But there is no distinct account now remaining of the actions \& fate/ of those kingdoms. Mephramathosis or his predecessors reduced all the upper Ægypt into one kingdom. He & his successor Amosis expelled the shepherds, Ammon & Sesac extended the monarchy westward to the \lesser Syrtes & even to the/ mouth of ye straits, southward over \all/ \in to/ Æthiopia above the cataracts \above the Cataracts/ & \to/ Arabia felix eastward into India & northward to Caucasus \the black sea/ & Thrace.

Now if Sesostris was \slain/ in ye 5t year of Asa & Ægypt was invaded by Boccharis

And between the death of Sesostris in ye 5t year of Asa & the Æra of Nabo |{o}{r}| 23|2|th year of Boccharis, there will be 11 Kings reigning 210 years wch is after the rate of 19 yeeres a piece one wth another.

[Editorial Note 3]

\Herodotus tells us that/ The Egyptians collected a list of 341 \names of/ kings between the reign of Menes & that of Sennacherib Sethon who put Sennacherib to flight

Herodotus tells us that the Egyptians & their Priests recconned 341 generations from the reign of Menes to that of Sethon who put Sennacherib to flight, 341 generatio{ns} \of men/ & as many High Priests of Vulcan & as many kings of Egypt: & that 300 generations make 10000 years. becau (ffor saith he, three generations of men make a|n| thousand years hundred years.) And the remaining 41 generations make 1366 years 1340 (he should have said 1366 years.) & so the whole time from the reign of Menes to that of Sethon was 11340 years. And by this way of recconing \& allotting {illeg} long reigns to the Gods of Egypt/ Herodotus tells us from the Priests that from Pan to Amasis were 15000 years & from Hercules to Alasis 17000.

<7v>

The Egyptians had before the days of Solon made their antiquities above 9000 Monarchy 9000 years old, & now they reccon to Herodotus a succession of 330 kings reigning so many generations (that is, 11000 years) before Sesostris. But \we are to begin wth Sesostris & his {illeg} grandfather &/ if wth Herodotus we omit the names of those \kings/ who did nothing memorable & consider only those whose actions are rec the rest reduced into due order will give us all or almost all the kings the kings of Egypt from the days of the expulsion of the shepherds by the grandfather of Sesostris downwards to the conquest of Egypt by Cambyses. For Sesostris – – – – Amasis Psemmiticus {illeg}

While the shepherds \Before the expulsion of the shepherds who reigned at/ reigned /While the shepherds reigned at\ Abaris over the lower Ægypt, that part of Egypt was \sometimes/ called Aeria, I think from the capital city Abaris (or {illeg} Ἀούαρις) by a small corruption of ye word name. And Herodotus tells us that Thebais was anciently called Egypt \& Homer gives the names of Æthiopia to Thebais/. But after the expulsion of the shepherds the name of Ægypt was extended to the whole. Whence its probable that the names of Ægypt & Æthiopia came from Aia Coptia & Coptus Aia Theophi & Thebais came from Aia Co had its name from Coptos.

Before the expulsion of the shepherds \were expelled/ out of Egypt that par the lower Egypt that \lower/ part of Egypt \(called Mizraim in Scriptures)/ was sometimes called Aeria I think from the capital city Abaris [Ἀούαρις] where they \shepherds/ reigned. And Herodotus tells us that Thebais was anciently called Ægypt: whence its probable that that name was derived from Coptos [Αἰα Κόπτου] & that the kings of Coptos {illeg} conquered first Thebais & then the lower Egypt \Aeria/ & thereby gave \extended/ the name of Egypt to the whole. Misphramethosis & Amosis conquered Aeria, & then Ammon & Sesac carried on the conquest westward to the mouth of the straits, \southward into Æthiopia & Arabia felix/ eastward to India, & northward to {illeg} Caucasus & Thrace. < insertion from lower down f 7v > pro\ba/ble that the name was deduced from the \Thebes the name of the old/ Metroplis {sic} of Thebais [\the land being calld/ Αια Θηβης or Αια Θεοφι] & intended then by conquest to take \given first to Thebais only & then extended by conquest/ southward to the {illeg} regions now called Æthiopia & either in the reign of Ammon who conquered them \& reigned at Thebes & in that of Sesac who governed ✝/ < insertion from lower down f 7v > ✝ Æthiopia (including Thebais) by a President residing at Thebes, & in that of < text from higher up f 7v resumes > or in that of Amenophis or Memnon who reigned ever \over/ Thebais & Æthiopia tog\e/her {sic} while Osarsiphus reigned in the lower Ægypt. < text from higher up f 7v resumes > Homer gives the name of Æthiopia to Thebais. Whence its probable < insertion from lower down f 7v > probable that the name Æthiopia came originally from Thebes the \name of the/ old metropolis of Thebais, & was given first to Thebais only by calling it Αια Θεβης the land of Thebes \(meaning the Province above Coptos above Coptos) & below the/ & then extended by conquest southward o ye regions now called Æthiopia: & that this was done in the reign of Ammon who conquered Æthiopia & reigned at Thebes, & in that of Sesac who governed Thebe Æthiopia by a president residing at Thebes, & in that of Amenophis or Memnon who reigned over all {illeg} the upper Egypt \Thebais/ & Ethiopia together while Osarsiphus reigned in the |over| the lower Egypt.

< text from higher up f 7v resumes >

Pheron is by Herodotus –– Nuncoreus.

Proteus reigned – – – or President.

Amentophis reigned – – – at This & Susa.

But these kings being \who were/ much older then Sesostris might (many of them) reign over \many/ little kingdoms in several parts of Egypt long before the days of Eli & Samuel & so are not under our consideration; If with {especial} If with Herodotus – & who left splendid monuments of their having reigned \over that over Egypt Monarchy/ (such as were Temples dedicated to them, & \& statues & Pyramids & Obelisks, Palaces/ dedicated \or ascribed/ to them;) these kings reduced into due order will give us all or almost all the kings from the days of the expulsion of the shepherds & founding of the monarchy do\wn/wards to the conquest of Egypt by Cambyses.

The language of Egypt in the time of the Greek & Roman Empires was was {sic} called ye Coptic, that is the language of Copts the city & region of Coptus spread over Ægypt [And from Αια Κόπτου the land of Coptus came the name Ægypt. [ffor Herodotus tells us that Thebais was anciently called Ægypt. The name of Egypt was \therefore/ extended by conquest from Coptos \first/ through all the upper Ægypt & then to all Egypt.] \This language then spread from Oi Coptus into all Egypt./ \And/ With this language spread the name of Ægypt. For Herodotus tells us that this Thebais was anciently called Ægypt. [The name therefore was propagated from ye upper Ægypt into the lower. Αἰα Κόπτου the Land of K|C|optus is Ægyp] And the name Ægypt [Αἰα Κόπτου] signifies the land of Coptus. The name therefore was propagated with the language from Coptus first over all the upper Egypt by conquering Thebes & then over the lower Egypt by e{illeg}

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Chap. IV.
Of the Babylonian Empire

After the regions upon Tigris & Euphrates became free from the Dominion of Egypt, Babylon \& Nineveh/ (a city|ies| built soon after the flood) continued for some time under her|their| own kings. And when the kings of Nineveh began to conquer |t|he|i|r neighbours, \Semiramis & soon after her/ Nabonasser reigned over Babylon. In his days a body of Egyptians flying from Sabacon carried to Babylon the Egyptian year of 365 days, & founded the Æra of Nabonassar as above, beginning the years thereof on the very same day with the years of Egypt. And in the year of Nabonassar 68 Asserhadon king of Assyria conquered Chaldea & Susiana & captivated the people placing many of them in Samaria, & carried the people of Samaria captive into Assyria. And henceforward Chaldea & Samaria {Susiana} became Provinces of Assyria for some \a/ time, but at length revolted & in conjunction with the Medes, destryed {sic} Nineveh.

By the fall of the Assyrian Empire, the kingdoms of the Chaldeans & Medes grew great & potent. The reigns of the kings of the Chaldeans grew great & potent are stated in Ptolomy's Canon: for understanding which, you are to note that every kings reign in that Canon began with the last Thoth of his Predecessor & ended with the last Thoth of his own reign, as

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the prophet Hosea[4] in the time of that interregnum (Hosea X.3, 6) \or soon after/ mentions Iarib {sic} king of Asyria \mentions the king of Assyria by the name of Iarib./ And p{illeg}|e|raps {sic} Iarib \there/ might be the first \a/ king of all Assyria but the first who carried his victories beyond the bounds of Assyria seems to be Pulus He invaded Israel |called Iarib, but whether he preceeded or succeeded Pul is uncertain. The first whose And if he preceeded him yet it appears not that he carried his conquests beyond the Province of Assyria. Pul seems to be the first who extended his conquests beyond those bounds. He invaded Israel, but| < insertion from f 10v > the Prophet Hosea in the time of that interregnum or soon after mentions a king of Assyria by the name of Iarib. And perhaps Iarib might be the name of one of their kings before he began to reign: & if he reigned before Pul he might be the first king who reigned over all Assyria. But the first who carried his victories beyond Assyria seems to be Pul. He \He {sic} conquered Calneh with its territories \in the reign of {Ieroboam}/ (Isa 10.8 {illeg} Amos 6.2) & soon after/ invaded Israel |in the reign of Menahem| \(2 Kings. 15. 19)/ but stayed not in the land being bought off by Menahem for a thousand talents < text from f 10r resumes > but staid not in the land being bought off by Menahem for a thousand talents of silver. In his reign therefore therefore the kingdom of Assyria was advanced on this side Tigris. For he was a great warrior & seems to have conquered Haran & Carchemish & Rezeph, & Calneh & Thalasser & all Chaldea & founded or enlarged the city Babylon & left it under its proper Kings. \governed it by Deputy Princes Kings./ For the Æra of Nabonasser (the first king of Babylon alone) \(the first of those Kings in the Canon)/ began about the time that Pul's reign ended \son soon after the reign of Pul this king/: & Isaiah who lived & prophesied in the days of Pul & his successors, thus describes the founding of Babylon. Behold, saith he, the land of the Chaldeans; this people was not till the Assyrian founded it for them that dwell in the wilderness [that is for the Arabians] they set up the towers thereof, they raised up the palaces thereof. Isa. XXIII.13. |And the short reigns of the first eleven kings shew that they were but deputy Pr|K|ince|g|s put in & out at the pleasure of ye Kings of Assyria. The city is said to have been built by Semiramis the widdow of ye first king of Assyria \a woman/ five generations before older then Nitocris the widdow of Nebuchadnezzar. Which makes it probable that Semiramis might reign there next before Nabonassar. These Princes reigned at Babylon before Asser\{illeg}/hadon: those that succeeded him, by their long reigns appear to have been kings for life.|

Tiglathpilaser warred in Phenicia & captivated Galile wth the two Tribes & an half in the days of Pekah king of Israel & placed them in Halath & Habor & Hara & at the river Gozan, places lying in the western border of Media between Assyria & the Caspian Sea (2 King. XV.29. 1 Chron. V.26) & about the fift or sixt year of Nabonasser he came to the assistance of the king of Iudah against the kings of Israel & Syria, & overthrew the kingdom of Syria wch had been seated at Damascus ever since the days of king David, & carried away the Syrians to Kir as Amos had prophesied, & placed other nations in the region of Damascus (2 King. XV.37 & XVI.5, 9. Ioseph Antiq. l. 9. c. 12). Whence it seems that the Medes were conquered before & that the Empire of the Assyrians was now grown great. For the God of Israel stirred up the spirit of Pul king of Assyria & the spirit of Tiglathpilaser king of Assyria to make war 1 Chron. V.26.

Salmanasser (called Enemesser by Tobit (chap. 1){)} invaded a[5] all Phœnicia, took the city Samaria, & captivated Israel, & placed them in b[6] Chalach & Chabor by the river Gozan, & in the cities of the Medes{sic} & peopled Samaria with captives brought from Babylon & from Cutha & or Susa & from Ava & from Hamath or Antioch & from Sepharvaim & therefore reigned over those cities. He seems to be called by Ezr

Sennacherib in the 14th year of his reign Hezekiah invaded Phœnicia & took several cities of Iudah, but laying siege to & attempted Egypt, & Tirhakah king of Egypt Ethiopia & Egypt coming against him he lost in one night 185000 men, as some say by a plague, as others by being disarmed by mice or perhaps surprized by Tirhakah & returning in hast to Nineveh was there slain soon after by two of his sons who fled into Armenia, & his son Asserhaddon succeeded him. At that time did Merodach-Baladon or Mordoke{illeg}|m|pad king of Babylon send an embassy to Hezekiah king of Iudah.

Asserhaddon, corruptly {illeg} called Sarchedon by Tobit, Assardan <11r> by the seventy, & Sargon by Isaias (Tob. 1.21. Isa. XX.1) peopled Samaria with captives brought from several parts of Assyria the Dinaites, the Apharsathchites, the Tarpelites, the Apharsites the Archevites, the Babylonians, the Susanchites, the Dehavites, & the Elamites (Ezra IV.2, 9) & therefore reigned over all these nations. [7]In the year of Nabonassar 68 he began to reign immediately over Babylon. He invaded Iudæa, took {illeg}|Az|ot, carried Manasses captive to Babylon, & captivated also Egypt & Thebais & Ethiopia above Thebais, & by this war he seems to have put an end to the reign of the Ethiopians over Egypt.

< insertion from f 10v >

Pul seems to be the first who

Pul conquered Calneh

< text from f 11r resumes >

And now the Assyrian empire seems arrived at its greatness being united under one Monarch, & conteining Assyria Media, Apolloniatis, Susiana, Chaldæa, Mesopotamia, Cilicia, Syria, Phœnicia, Egypt, Ethiopia, & part of Arabia, & reaching eastward into Elymais & Parætacene. For Strabo reccons these two among the Provinces to which this Monarchy had given the name of Assyria, & Herodotus makes Parætacene a province of the Medes. And if Chalach & Habor where Salmanasser placed part of the ten tribes be Colchos & Iberia (as some think) we are also to add these Provinces with the two Armenias.

Asserhadon seems to be the Sardanapalus who reigned over Media & Babylonia till those nations revolted, the name \Sardanapalus/ being derived from Asser-hadon pul. a[8] Cle\it/archus saith that he died of old age after he had lost his dominion over Syria \& perhaps his old age as well as his luxurius & effeminate life might give occasion to the revolt of the nations/. Herodotus represents that the Medes revolted first & by force of arms defended their liberty & gave occasion to other nations to revolt, & not long after elected Dejoces their king & built Ecbatane. \/ In the year of Nabonassar 81 the reign of Assarhaddon over Babylon \ceased/ & by the revolt of the Babylonians & western nations Manasses was set at liberty to return home & fortified Ierusalem. < insertion from f 10v > Aserhadon seems to be the Sardanapalus who reigned over Medea & Babylonia till those nations revolted, the name Sardanapalus being derived from Asser-hadon-pul. Cleitarchus a[9] saith that he died of old age after he had lost his dominion over Syria, others say that he slew himself. The Scythians of Turan or Turquestan beyond the river Oxus, began in those days to infest the Persians & Assyrians & perhaps by one of their inrodes might give occasion to the revolt. Herodotus represents that the Medes revolted first & by force of arms defended their liberty & gave occasion to other nations to revolt, & not long after elected Dejoces their king & built Ecbatane. \And perhaps they might revolt after then once. For others say that they revolted/ They revolted under the conduct of Arbaces who was a Mede, & one of the general commanders of the forces of Sardanapalus \& who in the book of Iudith (if I mistake not) is called Arphanad/. He was encouraged to revolt by the luxurious & effeminate life of his king & conspired wth Belesis another commander of the Assyrian forces. And Eusebius tells us that the writers of the Babylonian affairs (I suppose he means Because & some others) say that Arbaces made Belesis king of the Assyrians. I suppose he means, king of so much of the Assyrian Empire as after the revolt of the nations remained in subjection to Nineveh. This revolution happened in the year of Nabonassar 81. For at that time Asserhaddon was succeeded at Babylon by Saosduchinus. And by this revolution Manasses was set at liberty to return home & fortifi|y|ed Ierusalem. And the Egyptians also < text from f 11r resumes > And the Egyptians also, after the Assyrians had reigned three years over them (Isa. XX.3, 4) were set at liberty & created twelve contemporary kings over themselves. These kings reigned fifteen years, & then one of them called Psammiticus conquered all the rest, & reduced Egypt again into a monarchy & built the last Portico of the Temple of Vulcan founded by Menes, but made Sais the seat of his kingdome. He died in the 131th year of Nabonassar & was succeeded by his son Pharaoh Nechao.

Ctesias represents that the luxurious & effeminate life of Sardanapalus gave occasion to Arbaces & the Medes to revolt. His old age might also promote the revolting of the nations. He is said to be the son of Anacyndaraxis or Anabaxaris (I suppose they mean Sennacherib) & to have built Tarsus & Anchiale in one day. The kings who reigned after him at Babylon were Saosduchinus, Chiniladon, Nabopolasser & Nebuchadnezzar: & those at Ecbatane Dejoces Phraortes Astyages, Cyaxeres & Darius. But the series of the kings who reigned at Nineveh. I

< insertion from f 10v >

Sardanapalus is said to have built Tarsus & Anchiale in one day, & to have been the son of Anacy|n|daraxis or as others name him, Anabaxaris. I suppose they mean Sennacherib. The kings who reigned after him in Media were \Dejoces/ Arbaxes, Dejoces, Phraortes \or Arbaxes/ Astyages Cyaxeres & Darius; those at Babylon were Saosduchinus, Chiniladon, Nabopolasser & Nebuchadnezzar with his sons; & those at Nineveh, I think were Belesis, Nebuchadonosor & Saracus. [By this Nebuchadonosor I understand that king of Assyria who is mentioned in the book of Iudith:

< text from f 11r resumes >
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[10]Chap: 1
Of the Monarchies of the Assyrians Babylonians & Medes.

Of the Assyrian Monarchy we have very litle of certainty besides what is mentioned in sacred writ. In d|t|he days of David, Solomon & several \some/ of their successors the Israelites re\i/gned over Syria as far as the river Euphrates. In \Till/ the days of Ionas the kings who reigned at Nineveh were only called kings of Nineveh. Soon after \his day/ their kings Pul, Tiglath-pul-asser, & Salman-asser conquered far & wide & were called kings of Assyria \& therefore may be recconed the founders of this Monarchy/. While this Monarchy stood the kingdoms of the Babylonians & Medes were but small & deserv so as not to deserve the name of Empires till they subdued the kingdom of Assyria & shared its dominions. This kingdom was subdued by Nebuchadone{illeg}sser & {Clethseterus} \Ahsuerus (Tobit    )/ & \therefore/ these two may be accounted the founders |of| the fi \{illeg} two/ Empires of ye Babylonians & Medes. Assuerus \Oxyares/ or Axeres is he whom ye Greeks call Cy-Axeres. |that is, Prince Axeres, & the Masoretes Ahasuerus.|

Of all the kings of the Medes Cyaxeres was the greatest warrior. Herodotus tells us[11] that he was much more warlike then his ancestors & that he was the first who reduced the irregular & undisciplined forces of the Medes into discipline & order & divided the kingdom into Provinces, wch is as much as to say that he was the first who by conquering mak|d|e the kingdom big enough to be divided into Provinces. When a {illeg} Æschylus who flourished in ye reign of Darius Hystaspis & died in the reign of Xerxes & is the oldest Greek author who mentions these things, introduces this Darius reciting his ancestors the kings of the Medo-Persian Monarchy in this order.

Μηδος γὰρ ἠν ὁ πρωτος ἡγημὼν στρατου.

Αλλος δ᾽{ο} ἐκείνου παις τὸ δ᾽ ἔργον ἤνυσε

Τριτος δ᾽ ἀπ᾽ {illeg} ἀυτου ποης Κυρος ἐυδαίμων ἀνήρ.

He that first commanded the army was a Mede

The next, was he {sic} son, finished the work.

The third from him was Cyrus a happy man.

Whence it appears that before the reign of Cyrus there were but \two/ kings in the Empire of the Medes & Persians & those were both Medes, the second being the son of the first. T And who those were is disco\ve/red by Daniel who lets us know that Darius the son of Ahsuerus reigne of the seed of the Medes reigned over Babylon before Cyrus. For \this/ Darius reigned ove by the laws of the Medes & Persians (Dan 6    ) & therefore he reigned over the Medes & Persians as well as over Babylon, & the Medes being set first, were uppermost in his reign. You may know also by the number of Provinces in his kingdom that he reigned over \all/ these nations. For he set over the whole kingdom 120 Princes & afterwards in the reign of the \Ahsuerus/ (that Ahsuerus whom ye Greeks call Xerxes,) when the Provinces of Egypt Thebais & Libya were added to the kingdom, the whole conteined but 127 Provinces. So{illeg} then Darius reigned over the Empire of the Medes Persians & Babylonians before Cyrus & by consequence his father Ahsuerus {illeg} was the first king of this Empire. He first led the army conquering the expelling the Scythians \who had invaded his kingdom/ & conquering the Assyrians & Persians eastward & Armenians westward as far as the river Halys & his son Darius finished the work by subduing the kingdoms of the Lydians & Babylonians.

The conquest slaughters of ye Scythians, Assyrians & Persians by Cyaxes is thus described by

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Chap.
Of the Monarchy of the Persians.

Cyrus having translated the monarchy of the Medes to the Persians \Anno Nabonass. 212/ & |having| reigned seven years was succeeded by C \left the Kingdom to/ his son Cambyses in Spring Anno Nabonass 219 who reigned \{illeg}/ |who beg {sic} his {illeg} \reign {illeg}/ in spring anno Nabonass 219 as is certain by two Eclipses of the Moon in {sic} his reign He reigned seven years| & five months, in the three last years of his reign subdued Egypt, & dying in autumn was succeeded anno Nabonass. 226, was succeeded by Mardus or Smerdes the Magus who feigned himself to be Smerdes the younger br. of Cambyses. Smerdes reigned seven months ye months & in – – – antistitem

Cyrus having translated the Monarchy to the Persians & reigned seven years was succeeded by his son Cambyses [in spring anno Nabonass 219 [as is certain by two Eclipses of the Moon] Cambyses \who/ reigned seven years & five months, \&/ in the three last years of his reign subdued Egypt, & dyed in autumn Anno Nabonass 226 & was succeeded by Mardus or Smerdes the Magus who – – – – antistitem. By Zoroaster's – – – – – – subjection to Darius.

C

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While the kings of Egypt instead of conque imploying their wealth & people in their warrs abroad imployed both at home in these useless works at home they lost their dominion abroad by degrees & became divided at home into several dominions untill Sabacon the Ethiopian invaded them. ffor at Sais reigned Stepanates Nechepsos & Nechus, at Memphis & Heliopolis ye or one of them ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ & at Thebes Mycemius \Memphis/ Asychis & Anysis or Amosis & at Thebes Gnephac\h/thos (called also Neochabis & Technatis) & his son Boccha\ris/ //Gnephachthus leading an army into Arabia through desert places his provision failed so that he was fain to take up with \such/ mean food as ye he could then be supplied wth wch he relished so heartily that he forbad all excess & luxury & cursed the king \Menes/ who first brought in a \sumpteous &/ luxurious way of living & caused the curse to be entered in the sacred records \cut on a Pillar & placed/ in the Temple of Iupiter at Thebes wch {illeg} the \made the fame &/ reputation of Menas to be clouded in future generations. Diodorus L. 1. p 59. Plutarch de Iside p. 354. {illeg} A And accordingly Alexis {illeg} tells us that Boccharis & his father Neochabis used a moderate diet. (Apud Athenæum Dipn. l 10. p. 418e.) Boccharis was of a little \man of an/ infirm body but for prudence & justice he was famous to a proverb. He was very quic piercing & quicksignted in judgmt. & is recconed ab amongst one of the lawmakers of Egypt. He sent \let/ in a wild Bull upon the Ox Mnevis wch the {illeg} the Ox slew, & for d|t|hat act the {illeg} Egyptians hated him (Ælan de Animal. l 11. c. 11. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Diodorus reccons Boccharis ye 4th king from Mycerinus but tells us not who names not the intermediate kings. Perhaps they were Guephac\h/t\h/us & Boccharis the father of this Boccharis. ffor Diodorus in another place calling him Vchoreus – – – cities in the world. However Memphys was built before by Me{illeg}|æ|nes & now only repaired & {illeg} better fortified & perhaps enlarged \& adorned/ by Boccharis.

Anysis was blind & {illeg} to in his reign Sabacus or Sabocon King of Ethiopia invaded & conquered Egypt, [Anysis in the meane b flying into ye fenny places of Ep neare Pelusium & there lying hid during that reign of while Sabacus reigned] \He \Sabacus/ punished none with death but condemned offenders to carry earth to the cities |of Egypt| for raising them higher. By wch means this king \he/ raised the|m| cities of Egypt much higher then Sesostris had done before. he These two kings Anysis & Sabacus are by Diodorus called Amotis & Actisanes. the Ethiopian Amosis/ {illeg} These two kings are by Diodorus called Amotis & Actisanes Amosis {sic} was cruel & put many to death for wch reason his subjects {illeg} upon the invasion of Actisanes revolted from him so that he was easily conquered. by the Ethiopians but Actisanes who was merciful & obliging to his subjects |&| Instead {sic} of putting robbers to death he cut of their noses & banished them into a barren place between Egypt & Syria thence called Rhinocorera.

While the kings of Egypt isntead of imploying their wealth & p{illeg}eople in their wars abroad imployed them \at home/ in building Pyramids, They lost \the Egyptians by degrees lost/ their dominion abroad by degrees & became divided at home into severall kingdoms untill Sabacon the Ethiopian invaded them. ffor \there reigned/ at Thebes reigned Gnephachthus & \his son/ Bocharis. At \Tamis & {Pelusium} reigned Amos{illeg}is/ Heliopolis & some time at Memphys or one of them reigned Asychis & A\n/ysis & at Sais reigned Stephanates, Nechepsos & Nechus successively \& T Ani at Tanis & Pelusium Anytis/ And when {illeg} Sabachus invaded Egypt he took Boccharis & burnt him alive {illeg} /slew {Asichis} and made\ Anysis fly into the fenns \into the fenny places neare Pelusium where he lay hid during the reign of Sabachus/ & slew Nechus.

Gnephacththus (called also Neochabis & Technatis) leading an army – – – enlarged by Boccharis. And while Boccharis or Asychis reigned at And while Boccharis succeeded Asychis at Memphis was lord of Memphis whether he inherited it from Asychis or took it from Anysis there remained only the eastern parts of the lower Egypt about Heliopolis & Pelusium for the seat of Anysis.

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In the kingdom of Sais the last king Nechus was the father of Psammiticus who reigned afterwards & his predecessor Nicepsos with one Petosiris is reputed the author inventor of Iudicial Astrology & the first that wrote the a|A|rt of predicting by the starrs. |[He lived about the time that \immediately before/ the Assyrians built Babylon & borrowed from the Egyptians their year & study of the stars.] And besides these three kingdoms \of Egypt/ there might be others of wch we have|

When Sabachus invaded Egypt he took Boccharis & burnt him alive, & slew Nechus & made Anysis fly into the fenny places of Egypt \wch abouded neare/ wch neare Pelusium where he lay hid all the r \in the Island Elbo/ during the reign of the Ethiopians Their reign according to Herodotus lasted 50 years & began and ended under Sabachus. But in the Dynasties of Africanus Sabachus reigned only 8 years & was succeeded had two Ethiopian successors, Sevechus his son who reigned 14 years & Tirhakah who reigned 18. Sevechus seems to be the Sua or So king of Egypt with whom Hoshea king of Israel conspired against the Assyrians three or four years \in the fourth year of Hezekiah two or three years/ before ye captivity of the ten Tribes 2 King. 17.4. &|A|nd Tirhakah was that Pharaoh king of Egypt on whom Hezekiah trusted \in the 14th year of his reign/ when Senacherib invaded Iudea & that Tirhakah king of Ethiopia who \in the same year/ came out against Senacherib in behalf of Hezekiah 2 King. 18.21, 24 & 19.9. T If we may supposed that Tirhakah succeeded Sevechius in \about/ the middle time of these two periods & {illeg} that is about ye 8|9|th year of Hezekiah & from thence count backwards ye 22 years of Sabacon & Sevechus, the invasion & conquest of the kingdoms of Egypt by Sabacon will fall upon the third year of Ahaz 239 \240/ years after the death of Solomon |or thereabouts & the end of the reign of Tirhakah upō ye 27th year of Ezekiah, after whom some reccon that another king reigned before Egypt was freed from the dominion of the Ethiopians.|

Herodotus giving an account of the action between the Ethiopians & Assyrians & how the Asyrians were slain – Egyptians & Ethiopians into captivity Isa 20 \{illeg} at wch time they conquered also the Iews & carried Manasseh captive to Babylon 2 Chron. 13.11/ This conquest putting an end to the reign of Tirhakah who was about the 27th year of Ezekiah |because he reigned 18 years| And thus the Monarchy of Egypt

After Egypt was freed from the dominion of the Ethiopians (wch seems to have been by this victory of the Assyrians) there was – – – – ever since in servitude

These various kingdoms are all pointed at by Isaiah where he saith I willl set the Egyptians against the Egyptians & they shall fight every one against his brother & every one against his neighbour city against city & kingdom agt kingdom – And the Egyptians will I give over into the hand of a cruel lord & a fierce king shall rule over them. – The princes of Zoan are fools – how say ye unto Pharaoh, I am ye son of ancient kings – The Princes of Noph are deceived. they have also seduced Egypt, even they that are the stay of the Tribes thererof. Isa 19. Here the Prophet \seems to/ mentions two \of the/ kingdoms \of Egypt/ the one seated at Zoan \or Tanis/ the other at Noph or Memphis, & there might be others in other places.

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When the Ethopian Sabacon or Actisanes invaded Egypt, there were the Egyptians {sic} were divided into several kingdoms. ffor Sabacon took Boccharis & burnt him alive, slew Nechus king of Sais & made Anysis fly into ye fenny places of Egypt neare Pelusium where he lay hid in the Island Elbo during the reign of the Ethiopians. Anysis {illeg} therefore reigned in the Arabic part of the lower Egypt

In Sais reigned Stephanates Necepsos & Nechus successively. Nechus was the father of Psammiticus who reigned afterwards & his predecessor Nicepsos with on {sic} Petosiris – by the stars.

At Thebes reigned Gnephac\h/t\h/us & his son Boccharis successively. Gnephachthus –

Besides these three kingdoms of Egypt its probale {sic} there might be some others seated at Bubaste, Tanis, Xais, or Heliopolis ffor in the canons we find kings of Tanis, Bubaste, Xais, &c but also & some other cities. Thebes & Isaias speaking of the|i|se times {illeg} points at a kingdom of \{illeg} time seems to mentions several kingdoms one of wch was seated at/ Zoan or Tanis where he saith I will set – thereof. Isa 19. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ So then the Monarchy of Egypt in the reign of those kings who built the Pyramids, became divided into several kingdoms at home & by consequence lost their \its/ dominion abroad. While the kings of Egypt imployed their people & wealth in their armies abroad their Monarchy flourished but when they imployed \them/ in drudgeries at home {illeg} the neglect of their affairs abroad put an{illeg} end to their dominion dominion over the nations. And the Egyptians being {illeg} thus weakened were & the Ethiopians who were formerly the subjects of Egypt being {ever} fallen of from them invaded them & became their Lords. Herodotus

Herodotus

The reign of the Ethiopians over Egypt according to Herodotus lasted 50 years – – – upon ye 27 year of Hezekiah.

Herodotus giving an acct

Cambyses conquered Ægypt in the {1}9t or 6t year of his reign. Reccon backward the reigns of the last \six/ kings of Egypt & the reign of the 12 \contemporary/ Kings will begin in the 13th year of Manasses, \& if/ the conquest of Egypt by the Assyrians will fall upon ye 10th or 11th year of Manasses & that of or if \was {illeg} \about/ two years before &/ the Ethiopians reigned over Egypt about 50 years \as Herodotus relates/, the reign of Sabacon will begin about ye 6t year of Ahaz, or 243 years after the death of Solomon & [that of Tirhakah about [ye 12 year of Hezekiah or one \that is about/ two years before the conquered \Ethiopians {wrote} Tirhakah granted/ the Assyrians. as] two years before he routed the army of Sennacherib [the slaughter of ye army of

[Editorial Note 4]
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Chap. III.
The Monarchy of Egypt at Thebes.

Herodotus[12] in giving an account of the ancient state of Egypt tells us that the Priests of Egypt affirming Menes to be their first king, read to him out of a Book the names of 330 following kings of Egypt who all reigned before Sesostris, & amongst whom were 18 Ethiopians & a forreign woman named Nitocris who acquired the kingdom by a memorable revenge of her brothers death, & that the Priests affirmed nothing done by any of the rest except one who was the last of them & was called Mæris. But Mæris as we shall presently shew reigned after Sesostris, & so did Nitocris if she reigned over both{illeg} Egypt & Ethiopia as Iosephus mentions & built the third Pyramid at Memphis as affirmed by Manetho. Herodotus therefore justly passes over in a few words all the ages of Egypt before Sesostris as obscure & conteining nothing memorable, & begins his history of the kings of Egypt wth this king the former kings (except two or three of his immediate predecessors) reigning not over all Egypt successively but divers of them at once in several parts of Egypt, wch renders them the less memorable. In the time of the Monarchy of Egypt Herodotus who has given the best account of this kingdom sets down their kings in this order, if Memnon & Mœris be duly inserted. Sesostris, Pheron, [Memnon & his Viceroy] Proteus, Rhampsinitus, [Mœris,] Cheops, Cephren, Mycerinus, Asychis, Anysis, Sabbachus the Ethiopian, Anysis again, Sethon Priest of Vulcan, Twelve contemporary kings, Psammiticus, Necho, Psammis, Apries, Amasis, Psammenitus. Before Sesostris is to be placed his father Belus or Ammon, & before Ammon may be set Tethmosis \Thmosis/ or Amosis the successor of Misphragmuthosis & founder of the Egyptian Monarchy

Iosephus[13] tells us out of Manetho that after the Shepherds went out of Egypt into Iudea, Tethmois \or Thummosis/ who expelled them reigned 25 years & 4 months & then was succeeded by his son Chebron, after whom reigned Amenothis \wth his sister. Then returning back/ And after another king or two he names \{illeg} Mephres,/ Mephramuthosis \or Abisphrag{illeg}thosis/, Thmosis \or Thummosis/, & Amenophis & Orus {illeg} \as reigning in order/ reigning in order. And after some other kings \or Princes/ wch {illeg} placed out of order (as Armais or Danaus) \one of wch was Armais or Danaus. And then again returning back he/ he names Armesses Miamun \other Princes of Egypt contemporary to Orus. And then again, with some other Princes of Egypt contemporary to Orus, one of wch was Armais or Danaus. And then again returning back he names Armesses Miamun &/ {sic} his son & successor Amenophis & his son & successor Sethosis the brother of Armais or Danaus. The same kings are recited out of Manetho by Africanus & Eusebius with a little variation of the names as follows in the following Table

[Editorial Note 5] <19v>
AfricanusEuseb gr 1
AmmenemesAmmenemes
Gesongoses fSesonchoris f
AmmanemesAmmenemes
Sesonchosis
SesostrisSesostris

Manetho in his 11th & 12 Dynasties \as he is cited by \Africanus &/ Eusebius &/ names these kings of Thebes as rei \as reigning in \order// Ammenemes, Sesonchoris ejus filius \Gesongoses his son/, Ammenemes & Sesostris ab Euneuchis \suis/ sublatus & & Sesostris. S|G|esonchoris|goses| is by Eusebius called Sesonchoris & should Sesoncholis but \The word/ should be Sesonchosis. The two first of these four kings Ammenemes & Sesonchosis are the same with the two last Ammenemes & Sesostris. Whence I gather that the father of Sesonchosis or Sesostris was Ammenemes or Ammon as above & was slain by his Eunuchs.

|So| Again {sic} {illeg} Manetho in his 18 Dynasty naming several kings of Thebes {illeg} in wch he represents the same kings \are represented/ several times {illeg} |naming {illeg} \{illeg} the kings \of Thebes/ wch reigned between \at Thebes from// the expulsion of ye Shepherds &|do|wn to Orus| repeats the same kings several times. ffirst he \ffirst/ He {sic} tells us that after the shepherds went out of Egypt into Iudea Tethmosis who expelled them reigned 25 years & 4 months & then was succeeded by his son Chebron, after whom reigned Amenophis & his sister. Then returning back he names Mephres Mephramuthosis, Thmosis Amenophis & Orus as reigning successively & subjoyns some other Princes of Egypt contemporary to Orus one of wch was \his unkle/ Armais or Danaus. And then again returning back he names Armesses Mamun & his son & successor Amenophis & his son & successor Sethosis the brother of Armais or Danaus. These kings are recited out of Manetho by Iosephus, Africanus |&| {illeg}|Eusebius| with a little variation of the names as in the following Table.

|From him the city Thebes was called No-Ammon & the Ox there worshipped was called \called/ Mnevis|

He is also called Sesostris, Sesoosis, Sessoses, Sesochris, Sesonchis, Sasyches & in Scripture Sesak.

Orus or Horus.

To him ye city No-Ammon \or Thebes/ & the Ox Mnevis there we were dedicated.

Th Diccarcus makes Osiris the Sesonchosis the immediate successor of Osiris Isis & Orus, according to wch recconing Osiris & Isis must have been contemporary to Saul & David.

{illeg} By Apis & Serapis Osiris is to be understood for the Egyptians worshipped Osiris in the Ox Apis & his father Ammon in the Ox Mnevis, & thence they said that ye Mnevis was the father of Apis

While As Osiris built temples to in Thebes to his father Ammon so the Egypti who \had/ reigned in that city before him, \him,/ so the Egyptians dedicated the city \it self/ to Ammon calling it No-Ammon & Ammon-No that is the city of Ammon, or as the Greeks render the word, Diospolis, the city of Iupiter{sic} Whence I gather that this city \Ammon. The city therefore being the royal seat of Ammon/ grew great in Ammons \his/ days, tho \tho {yet}/ his son Osiris only built it more sumptuously. This age was \And thus was therefore this age/ memorable for the building \founding/ of new royal cities: David built Ierusalem, Hiram Tyre, [Adad Damascus] & Ammon |& Sesak| Thebes, [& Theseus Athens.] And about \at/ ye same time Rezon erected a kingdom at

[The Egyptians worshipped two Oxen, one at Heliopolis called Mnevis & the other at Memphys called Apis, & Mnevis was accounted the father \of/ Apis, the former being dedicated to Ammon \as the name imports &/ the latter to his son Osiris |&| tho some affirm that both Oxen were dedicated to Osiris yet they seem consecrated to several Gods because Mnevis was sacred to ye Sun & Apis Apis to ye Moon.]

|built| Damascus & erected a new kingdom there. For when David smote Hadadezer ({illeg} \or/ Hadad-Asser) king of Zobah & \slew/ the syrians of Damascus who came to succor \assist/ him, Rezon fled from his Lord Hadadezer & gathering a band of men became their captain & went & reigned at in Damascus \over Syria/ 1 Sam 8.3 & 10.18 & 1 King. 11.23, 24, 25) & was an enemy to Israel all the days of Solomon. His successors name He is called Hezion 1 King 15.18 & his successors were Tabimon \Hadad or/ Benthadad, Hazael, & others untill the reign of \Ben hadad, {illeg} &/ Rezen. In w|t|hose|e| reign \of Rezen/ Tiglathp\h/ulaser captivated the {illeg} Syrians & put an end to the kingdom Hadadazer & Benhadad & Hazael for enlaring {sic} the kindom {sic} & adorning Damascus were worshipped \deified/ by the Syrians as Gods till even after the fall of their kingdom. For Iosephus tells us that \even/ till his days <19r> [Editorial Note 6] both Adar (that is Adad or Ben{illeg}adad) & his successor Hazael were worshipped as Gods for their benefactions & for building Temples by which they adorned the City Damascus. ffor they \[the Syrians]/ dayly celebrate solemnities in honour of these kings & boast their antiquity not knowing that they were novel & lived not above 1100 years ago. Thus far Iosephus. \/ < insertion from lower down f 19r > ‡ Iustin calls ye first of these two kings Damascus & saith that ye Syrians city was \had its/ named from him & |yt| in honour of him the Syrians made a Tem {illeg} used his {illeg} in making a Temple of the {illeg} sepulcher of his wife Arathes, wors worshipped his wife Arathes as a Goddes having \using/ her sepulcher for a Temple. By these instances it appears that the eastern nations of those ages

Nicolaus Damscenus makes Adad a common name of

For Pharaohs daughter staid in Ierusalem till Solomon had made an end of building his one house & the house & the house of ye Lord. & the wall of Ierusalem (1 King. 3.1) that is till the twentith {sic} year |after the laying of ye foundation of the Temple or 24th y.| of Solomon (2 Chron 8.1) And when she removed from Ierusalem to the house wch Solomon had built for her, she was {illeg} called Pharaohs daughter wch implies that her father was {then} alive \{was still} Pharaoh/ & therefore reigned in Egypt till {illeg} ye 20th year of Solomon or above then Pharaoh till the then alive the Pharaoh then reigning in Egypt \then alive/ & therefore he reigned from before the flight of Adad into Egypt \in Davids reign/ till the 24th year of Solomons reign or above < text from higher up f 19r resumes > And here we have \it appears by/ a notable instance of yt ye eastern nations of those ages deified their kings forebears conquests & \{illeg}/ benefactions \such of their kings as were conquerors {illeg} \{who have}/ & benefactors/ And therefore since |Ammon was the first conqueror abroad & {illeg} enlarged Thebes king of Egypt who conquered abroad & his {illeg} conquests were large & his son| Sesostris {illeg} ye exceeded all the kings of Egypt in the greatness |both| of his conquests & of his benefactions {sic} to the Egyptians, we need not wonder if the Egyptians worshipped them \these two/ above all their kings, tho not \Sesostris was not worshipped/ by that name of Sesostris \or {Sesac}/ but by that|e| \name/ of {illeg} Osiris or Sirius or that Sesostris should be the \great/ God Osiris whom the Egyptians chiefly worshipped. ffor since they did not worship him by the name of Osiris Sesostris or Sesak, he must be one of ye Gods yt {illeg} whom the|y| Egyptians worshipped by another name, & the chief of them.

The Egyptians worshipped their greatest Gods in the Oxen Apis & Mnevis. The Ox Apis was worshipped \kept/ at Memphis, & {illeg} consecrated to ye Moon. & in h] Osiris. The Ox Mnevis was \kept {at}/ Heliopolis & consecrated to ye Sun was accounted the father of Apis: whence I gather that he was consecrated to Ammon ye father of Osiris

{illeg} Because Sesostris \having/ cut channels into all Egypt for ye river Nile |canales from the river Nile into all the lower Egypt| the Egyptians did consecrated that river to him \& worshipped them \him and the river/ together/ & called them both by the same names. So Homer calls that River Ægyptus & Manetho tells us that \the brothers/ Sethosis & Armais were by ye Greeks \was also/ called Ægyptus. & Danaus. Again \Also/ the River was called \a[14] Sihor/ b[15] Siris \& Osiris/ by the Ethiopians [as Dionysius Afer \& Pliny/ affirms,] & Sihor by the Prophets Hebrews: And the king was {illeg} c[16] called Siris {illeg} or Sirius & by the Greeks O-siris. And at length when the river {illeg} was called Nilus or Nuchul wch \Afterwards/ from ye word {illeg} נהל Nahal wch signifies a river, & the name of Nilus was also give to the King was also called |a Torrent the River was called Nilus & the River & the king were worshipped together| by the same name. For d[17] Diodorus tells us that Nilus was that king who cut Egypt into canales to make Egypt \the River/ more useful. Cicero[18] makes Nilus the father of \Mercury/ Minerva Vulcan & Bacchus, but he was rather Bacchus himself.

<20r>

Chap.
Of the Greek & Latin Empires.

After the death of Alexander the great

Alexander the great \died at Babylon Anno Nabonassar 425 &/ was succeeded by his bastard brother Philip Aridæus {illeg} \but/ after a while his captains shared the Empire, & \Philip being slain by {illeg} & she & the children wife & kindred of Alexander \Philip & his other kindred being slain,// & brake \by Cassander the captains of Alexander \put crowns on their heads &/ shared the Empire & brak it/ into many kingdoms the chief of wch were seated in {Greece} \Macedon/ Egypt Syria & Asia {illeg} minor, under the dominion of {illeg} Cassander Antigon Ptolomæus, Antigonus & Seleucus.

Demetrius the son of Antigonus slew Alexander the son of Cassander & seized his kingdom but was 6 years after conquered by \Ptolomy/ Seleucus, Lysimachus king of Thrace & Pyrrhus

Alexander the great \having conquered having conquered {sic} the Persian Empire/ died at Babylon \in spring/ Anno Nabonass. 425 & was succeeded by his bastard brother Philip Aridæus, but about 12 or 16 years after his death, his brother & other kindred being slain, his captains {illeg} put crowns on their heads who had the government of \who governed/ several Provinces \of the kingdom/ put crowns on their \own/ heads, & reigned the chief of wch were Cassander, Antigonus, Seleucus & Ptolomy reigning over Macedon, Asia, Syria & Egypt.

\Then /Afterwards\/ Demetrius the son of Antigonus slew Alexander the son of Cassander & seized his kingdom, but was six years after succeeded in Thrace & Greece by Pyrrhus king of Epire & he seven months after by Lysimachus king of Thrace & one of Alexanders captains. Thus were \one of which was |one of Alexanders captains & king of Thrace, by wch means|/ the kingdoms of Thrace & Macedon \became/ united. An. Nab. 460 And about ye same time Seleucus assisted by Demetrius \&/ Lysimachus assisted by Ptolomy drove Lysi took Asia minor from Demetrius.

Alexander the great died in spring at Babylon in spring anno Nabonass 425, & his captains gave the Monarchy to his bastard brother Philip Aridæus |&| & shared the government of the Provinces thereof amongst themselves making \made/ Perdiccas Procurator or Genera Administrator of the kingdom, & Mel |Perdiccas made| Meleager Genera commander of the army under Perdiccas Seleucus Master of the horse & Craterus Treasurer of the kingdom & committing the government of Macedon Greece & Epire to Antipater & Craterus, \that/ of Thrace to Lysimachus, of \{sic} divided the rest of the Captains he made governors of Provinces./ < insertion from lower down f 20r > of Ægypt & Libya to Ptolomy, of {lesser} Asia minor Cappadocia & Paphlagonia to Eumenes, of Pamphylia, Lycia, Lycaonia & Phrygia major to Antigonus, \of Phrygia minor to Leonnatus,/ of Caria to Cassander the son of Antipater, of Syria & Phœnica to Laomedon of Armenia to Neoptolemus, of Mesopotamia to Arcesilaus, of Babylonia to Archon &c, of Media to Atropates &c.

< text from higher up f 20r resumes >

Alexan Roxane the wife of Alexander being left big wth child was soon after brought to bed of a son whom they called Alexander & saluted king, joyning setting co joyning him with Aridæus in the throne of the kingdom.

About three years after, Perdiccas & Craterus \Neoptolemus Leonnatus/ being slain Antipater was made the Guardian of the two kings \chosen administrator of the kingdom/ & made a new partition of the Provinces \among the captains/ giving Babylonia to to Seleucus, [Mesopotamia & Arbelitis to Amphimachus] & constituted Antigonus commander of the army & guardian of the two kings & joyned with him his son Cassander the governor of Caria

About two years after Antipater dying left Polysperchon administrator of the Empire Anno Nabonass 429. And two years after \the Greek cities revolt to Alexander Cassander and/ in \this/ September Philip Aridæus wth his Queen Eurydice were slain \in September/ by the command of Olympias the mother of Alexander, after he had reigned 6 years & four months.

And three years \a year or two/ after \Anno Nabonass 433,/ Cassander the son of Antigonus affecting the kingdom of Macedon slew Olympias the mother of Alexander & married Thessalonice the sister of Alexander & imprisoned Roxane ye widdow of Alexander wth her \young/ son Alexander the king. young king

<20v>

five years after, Anno Nabonass. 437, Cassander Ptolomy & Lysimacus made peace wth Antigonus with this covenant that Cassander should be chief commander of the forces of Europe untill Alexander the young {illeg} King Alexander the son of Roxana should be grown up, & that Ptolomy \Lysimachus/ should govern Thrace Ptolomy Ægypt Libya & Arabia & Antigonus all Asia. Selecus had possest himself of Mesopotamia Babylonia Susiana & Media the year before

Cassander seing the young king Alexander grow up & that rumors were spread throughout Macedon as if it were time that the young king should be brought out of custody & receive his fathers kingdom, commanded that he & his mother Roxane should be {slain} \the Governor of the Castle to kill him & his mother/ Roxame {sic} & conceate {sic} their deaths. This was anno Nabonass 438.

The next \same/ year or the next Polysperchon accusing A{illeg} Cassander sent for Hercules the bastard son of Alexander & Barsines, out of Pergamus & recommending him to the enemies of Cassander, prayed that they would place him in his fathers kingdom, but in the year of Nabonassar 440 \& raising a great army declared him king but/ Cassander fearing least the Macedonians should revolt to Hercules contrived the death of the king & his mother Arsine Anno Nabonass. 440

And about two years after Antigonus governour of Asia & Syria pro {sic} {illeg} upon getting a \great/ victory of \at sea/ over Ptolomy {illeg} took upon himself the title of king & after his example gave the same title to his son Demetrius, & after their example the other Princes \Ptolomy/ Seleucus {illeg} Cassander & Lysimachus did the like. & the next year Ptolomy having repulsed Antigonus did the same. ffor the reign of Ptolomy begins wth this year according to the Canon Ptolomy reigned over Egypt & Libya, Seleucus over all the east from ye river Euphrates to India, Antigonus over Asia minor & Syria Cassander of over Macedon \&/ Greece & Lysimachus over Thrace. The Canon allots {illeg} \7/ years to the reign of Philip Arideus & 12 more to reign of young Alexander & king (including {illeg} the reign of Hercules) & begins the reign of Ptolomy & by consequence that of the kings of Macedon \Thrace/ Asia & Persia with the year of Nabonassar 444. At this time therefore according to ye Canon, the Monarchy of the Greeks brake {illeg} into the kingdoms of Egypt Persia, Asia, {illeg} Macedon & Thrace.

[Editorial Note 7]
<21v>

Chap
Of the Empire of the Greeks |under their own kings.|

Alexander the Great died at Babylon \in spring May a month before ye summer solstice/ in ye year of Nabonassar 425 an 1 Olymp. 114, & his captains gave the Monarchy to his bastard brother Philip Aridæus & {illeg} a man disturbed in his understanding & made Perdiccas administrator of the kingdom, & Perdiccas \wth their consent/ made Meleager commander of the army, Seleucus master of the horse, Craterus Treasurer of the kingdom, |Antipater governor of Macedon & Greece, Ptolomy governor of Egypt Antigonus {illeg} \governor of/ Pamphilia Lycia Lycaonia & Phrygia major| & the other captains governors of /other\ Provinces. And the Babylonians began now to count by a new aera wch they called the Æra of Philip & used it instead of the Æra of Nabonassar recconing the 425 year of Nabonassar to be the first year of Philip. And Roxane the wife of Alexander being left big with child & about 3 or 4 months after his death brought to bed of a son, they called him Alexander & saluted him king |joyning him wth Philip in ye throne of the kingdom|.

Philip reigned three years under the adminstratorship of Perdiccas two years \more/ under the administratorship of Antipater & \above/ a year & some months more under the administratorship of Polysperechon, in all six years & four months, & then was slain wth his Queen Eurydice in Novemb September by the command of Olympias the mother of Alexander the great an 4. Olymp. 115. And the Greeks being disgusted at the cruelties of Olympias fell of revolted to Cassander the son of Antipater.

Cassander affecting the dominion of Greece slew Olympias & |soon after| shut up the young king Alexander wth his mother Rhoxane in ye castle of Amphipolis under the charge of Glaucias An. 1. Olymp 11{illeg}|6|.

The next year Ptolomy Cassander & Lysimachus \by the means of Seleucus/ made a league wth against Antigonus who declared against Cassander [who declared against Cassander for killing Olympias & impriso] & after {illeg} certain wars made peace wth him upon t an 2 Olymp 117 upon these conditions that Cassander should be command ye forces of Europe till Alexander the son of Roxana came to age, |&| that Lysimachus should govern Thrace, Ptolomy Ægypt & Libya & Antigonus all Asia. [But Cassander the same year \or soon after/ seeng {sic} that Alexander the son of Roxana grew up & that it was discoursed throughout all Macedonia that it was fit he should be freed fro set at liberty & take upon him the government of his fathers kingdom commanded Glaucias the keeper governour of the castle to kill both Roxana & the king, & conceale their deaths.] Seleucus had possest himself of Mesopotamia Babylonia Susiana & Media the year {illeg} before. About 3 years after Alexanders death he was made governour of Babylon by Antipater, then expelled by Antigonus & now recovered & enlarged his government |over a great part of the east, wch gave occasion to a new Æra called Æra Seleucidarum. This Æra according to the Iewish account began in Spring An. Philip. 12. An. 4 Olymp. 116 \but/ according to the Chaldean account it began the next spring & according to ye Antiochian & Alexandr acct it began in Autumn between|

Not long after this peace (Diodorus saith the same Olympic year) Cassander, seing that Alexander the son of R\h/oxanæ grew up, & that it was discoursed thoughout Macedonia that it was fit he should be set at liberty & take upon him the government of his fathers kingdom commanded Glaucias the governour of the Castle to kill R\h/oxanæ & ye \young/ king \Alexander/ & conceale their deaths. Afterwards \Then/ Polysperchon set up Hercules the {illeg} son of Alexander the great &|b|y Barsine to be king, but by & \soon after/ at the great sollicitation of Cassander caused him to be slain. {illeg} And soon after \that/ upon a great victory at sea got by Demetrius the son of Antigonus over Ptolomy, Antigonus took upon himself the title of king & gave ye same title to his son & {illeg} An 2 Olymp. 118. And after his example Seleucus Cassander Lysimachus & Ptolomy did the like set crowns on their own heads the same yeare took upon themselves the title & dignity of kings, having absteined from this honour while there remained any of Alexanders race to inherit the crown. And thus the monarchy of the Greeks for want of an heir was broken into many \several/ kingdoms, four of wch seated to the four winds of heaven were very eminent. For Ptolomus

<21r>

Iustin represents that Hercules was slain before Alexander, \&/ the Canon produces the reign of Alexander to the 19th year after the death of his father Alexander the great, \&/ making|es| the 20th year of Philip to be the first of Ptolomy. Whether the Monarchy was diso \was dissolved &/ became divided into several kingdoms this year or a year or two before is of no consequence.

At the time of this division Ptolomy reigned over Greece Egypt & Libya \& Æthiopia/, & Seleucus {illeg} Antigonus over Asia & Syria, Seleucus over \Babylonia &/ all the east from Euphrated|s| to India & Cassander {illeg} over Macedon Greece & Epire. And thus was the Monarchy of the Greeks at its first dissolution divided into four great kingdoms to the four winds of heaven. \{illeg}/ Thrace was not part \absolutely/ a part of Alexanders monarchy \kingdom/: Lysimachus \wth a small body of Alexanders forces/ made war upon the /king of the\ Thracians & subdued them after Alexanders death.

Cassander being afraid of the power of Antigonus combined with Lysimachus Ptolomy & Seleuc{illeg}us against him. {illeg} And whilst Lysimachus invaded the Asia the parts of Asia next the Helespont, Ptolomy invaded the cities of Syria \subdued {illeg} Cœbyria & {Cyprus} Phœnicia/ & Selecus having newly made peace wth Sandrocottus king of India came down with a powerfull army into Cappadocia, & joyning the confederate forces fought Antigonus in Phrygia, & slew him & shared \seized/ his kingdom an 4 Olymp 119. After wch Seleucus built Antioch & \Seleucia & many/ other cities in Syria & Asia.

Yet Demetrius the son of Antigonus retained {illeg} some \a small part/ of his fathers dominions & at length \lost Cyprus to Ptolomy but/ killing Alexander {illeg} \the son of Cassander/ king of Macedon seized his kingdom An 3 Olymp. 121 & sometime after preparing a very great army to invade \recover/ his fathers dominions in Asia, Seleucus, Pyr Ptolomy & Lysimachus & Pyrrhus king of Epire combined against him, & Pyrrhus invading Macedonia put De corrupted the army of Demetrius, put him to flight seized his kingdom & shared it wth Lysimachus, & after seven months Lysimachus beating Pyrrhus took Macedonia {illeg} from him & held it five years & an half, uniting the kingdoms of Macedon & Thrace.

{illeg} Lysimachus in the \his/ wars with Antigonus & Demetrius, had seized taken \from them/ Cana, & Lydia from them \& Phrygia/ & [had his Treasy\{tise}/ in the castle of Pergamus of wch \one/ Philetærus was governour. Philetærus In the last year of Lysimachus Philetærus revolted from him] had a Treasury in Pergamus a castle on the top of a conical hill in Phrygia by the river Caicus & had committed the custody thereof to one Philetærus who was at first faithfull to Lysimachus but in the last year of \Lysimachus/ his reign revolted. ffor Lysimachus by the instigation of his wife Arsinoe slew first his son Agathocles & then those who lamented him. Vpon wch the wife of Agathocles fled wth her children & brothers & some others of their friends & sollicited Seleuchus to make war upon Lysimachus. And now Philetærus \also/ grieving at the death of Agathocles & being accused thereof by Arsinoe, revolted & sided wth Seleucus. & the Seleucians who \And/ Lysimachus going into Asia fought Seleucus in Phrygia & was slain in slain in battle On this occasion Seleucus & Lysimachus met \& fought/ in Phrygia & Lysimachus being slain in the battel lost Seleucus his kingdom to Seleucus \an 4. Olymp 124/. Thus the great monarchy \Empire/ of the Greeks \wch at first brake into 4 great kingdoms/ became divided \now reduced/ into two great monarchies called by Daniel the kings of the north & south \henceforward \notable ones/ henceforward called by Daniel the kings of the south & north./ [& the king of the south was strong & one of his {illeg} Princes (or one of the Princes of the migh] \\For/ Ptolomy now reigned over Ægypt Libya Æthiopia Arabia Phœnicia Cœlosyria Cyprus, & the kingdom of Seleucus was/ both wch were {sic} mighty & the northern mightier then the southern as is thus exprest by Daniel |that of Seleucus \was/ a very mighty dominion scarce inferior to the Monarchy of the Medes & Persians. And all this is thus described by Daniel| The fourth king of Persia [Xerxes] shall stir up all against the realm of Greece. And as a mighty King \[Alexander]/ shall stand up & that shall rule wth great dominion & do according to his will. And when he shall stand up his kingdom shall be broken \[after the death of sons/ & shall be divided towards the four winds of heaven, \[under Ptolomy Seleucus Antigonus & Cassander]/ & not be, but not to his posterity [they being dead before this division |this division not commencing till they were \all/ dead|] nor according to his dominion wherewith he ruled: for his kingdom shall be [shared between Ptolomy, Seleucus Antigonus & Cassander &] pluckt up even for others besides those. And the king of the south \[Ptolomy]/ shall become strong, & one of his Princes [Seleucus one of Alexanders Princes] shall become strong above <20v> and have dominion: his dominion shall be a great dominion. D

After Seleucus had reigned seven months over Macedon Greece Thrace Asia Syria & all the east as far as India, he was slain treacherously by Ptolomæus Ceraunus one of the sons of Ptolomæus Lagi the brother of Ptolomeus Philadelphus slew him treacherously & seized his dominions in Europe & Antiochus Soter the son of Seleuchus succeeded his father in Asia Syria & most of the east, & \after 20|19| years or 20 years/ was succeeded by his son Antiochus Theos who having a tedious lasting war wth Ptolomæus Philadelphus composed the same by marrying Berenice the daughter of Philadelphus & after a reign of 15 years left his kingdom to {illeg} Seleucus Callinicus his son by Laodice another wife |was poisoned by his other wife Laodice poisoned him \&/ set her son Seleuus Callinicus upon the throne|. And Callinicus \in the beginning of his reign/ by the impulse of his mother Laodice slew \beseiged {illeg}/ Berenice \in Daphne & slew her/ wth her youg son \& many of her weomen/. Whereupon Ptolomeus Euergetes the successor of Philadelphus & brother of Berenice made war upon Callinicus, \Phœnicia/ Syria Cilicia Mesopotamia Babylonia {illeg} \Susiana Susiana/ & the \some other/ regions eastward |& carried back into Egypt 40000 tallents of silver & 2500 Images of the Gods amongst wch were the Gods of Egypt carried away by Cambeses.| All wch is thus signified by Daniel. And in the end of \after certain/ years they [the kings of the south & north] shall make an agreement how associate t make friendship: for the kings daughter of the south \[Berenice]/ shall come to the king of the north to make \establish/ an agreement but she shall not retain the power of the arm & she shall not stand nor her seed, but she shall be delivered up & she{illeg} \[Callinus]/ that bro\u/ght her & he whom she brought forth & they that strengthened her in [those] times \the siege of [or defended her in the siege of Daphne]/ But out of a branch of her roots shall one stand up in his seat \[her brother Eucrastes]/, who shall come with an army & shall enter into the fortress \[or fenced cities]/ of ye king of the north & shall act against them & prevail And shall carry captives into Egypt, their Gods with their Princes & pretious vessels of silver & gold, & he shall continue some years after the king of the north. Daniel describes further how the king Antiochus magnus the son of Callinicus should

<22r>

Chap. V
Of the Empire of the Greeks.

The kingdom of Macedon was founded by Caranus the brother of Phidon according to some. But Herodotus who lived nearest those times & was best able to inform himself is most to be credited, & he tells us that Perdiccas founded that kingdom & that from the founding thereof reigned these kings Perdiccas, Argeus, Philippus, Aeropus, Alcetas, Amyntas, Alexander, the last of wch was contemporary to Xerxes. So also Thucydides tells us that agrees wth Herodotus ffor he tells us that there were eight Kings of Macedon before Archelaus the son of Perdiccas the son of Alexander & therefore Alexander was the seventh as above. Let their reigns be recconed at about 18 or 20 years a piece the one with another & counted backwards from the death of Xerxes & the recconing will place the beginning of this kingdom between the 43th & 48th Olympiad.

Herodotus tells us also that Perdiccas was of the posterity of Temenus & fled from Argos into Macedonia & Thucydides that Alexander the seventh king of Macedon was of the posterity of Temenus & came from Argos & obteined the sea coasts of Macedon & reigned there expelling the inhabitants of Pieria by war.

|1.| 2 When the Heraclides returned into Peloponnesus under the conduct of Temenus Cresphontes & Aristodemus, Temenus became king of Argos & was succeeded by his son Cisus, & then the kingdom ceased & became divided among the posterity of Temenus untill Phidon recovered it conquered them & reunited the kingdom ffor Phidon subdued to himself the whole possession of Temenus till then divided into many parts. 3 Strabo tells us that Phidon was the tenth from Temenus (not the tenth king {illeg} (for between Cisus & Phidon they reigned not {illeg}) but the tenth by generation from father to son inclusively, so that there were 9 generations (or about 243 years{)} from the birth of Temenus to the birth of Phidon recconing 27 years to a generation & about as much from the expedition of Temenus with the Heraclides to the wars of Phidon upon his kindred. Count these years from the retur And therefore the Heraclides returning about 45 years before the beginning of the Olympiads, the wars of Phidon will fall upon the {49}|50|th Olympiad or thereabouts, Or perhaps a little earlier ffor some tell us that Phidon was the seventh from Temenus. Now the posterity of Iphitus presided in the Olympic games till the 26th Olympiad, & so long the Victors were rewarded with a Tripus. but In the Then the Pisæans getting above the Elians began to preside & rewarded the victors with a crown & instituted the Carnea to Apollo & continued to preside till Phidon interrupted them & presided himself that is till about the time of the 48th or 49th Olympiad. ffor in the wars between the Pisæans & Eleans wch happened in 48 & 49 Olympiads. In ye 48th Olympiad the Elians entred the country of the Pisæans \with an army/ suspecting their designes, but were prevailed with to return home quietly. Afterwards the Pisæans confederated with several other Greek nations viz Phidon & those under him) & made war upon the Eleans & in the end were beaten. In this way I conceive it was that Phidon presided in the Olympic games, suppose in the 49th Olympiad. ffor we are told that <22v> he presided; & in the 50th Olympiad, for putting an end to the contentions between the kings about presiding, two men were chosen by lot out of the city of Elis to preside, & their number in the 65th Olympiad was increased to nine & afterwards to ten, & those judges were called Hellenodicæ. Pausanias tells us that the Eleans called in Phidon & together with him celebrated the eighth [he should have said, the 49th] Olympiad, but Herodotus that Phidon removed the Eleans. And both might be true. The Eleans might call in Phidon against the Pisæans & upon overcoming them claim the presiding in the games & be refused by Phidon & then confederate with the Spartans & by their assistance overthrow the kingdom of Phidon & recover from the Pisæans their ancient right of presiding & set up the Hellenodicæ So then Phidon \a little before the 48th Olympiad/ overcame his kinsmen who reigned as Princes in \several/ parts of the kingdom of {illeg} Tisamenus & reunited their Principalities into one Monarchy under himself a little before the 48th Olympiad, suppose in the \43th or/ 44th Olympiad or thereabouts. And at that time his \the/ conquered kinsmen \Princes/ Caranus his brother & Perdiccas his brother kinsman \& others/ fled from Argos with Colonies into Macedonia \Emathia/ & there founded the kingdom of Macedon. ffor Iustin tells us that Caranus {illeg} wth a great multitude of Greeks sought new seats in Greece Emathia afterwards called Macedon \&/ by the command of the Oracle following a flock of Goats took ye city Aedessa made it the seat of his \a new/ kingdom & from ye Goats called the city Aegeas, \& subdued the neighbouring Princes Midas & others/ & was succeed {sic} in the kingdom by Perdiccas

{3}|4|. Herodotus tells us that three brothers who were of the posterity of Temenus & whose names were Gauanes, Æropus, & Perdiccas fled from Argos into Illyricum & thence into \the upper/ Macedonia to ye city Lebæa where they served the king of that city some time & then retired into another part of Macedonia neare the Gardens of Midas the son of Gordius, & there made war upon the neighbouring people & thereby Perdiccas {illeg} Perdiccas came to the kingdom \of Macedon/ & was succeeded therin by Argæus, Æropus, Philippus, Æropus, Alcætas, Amyntas, Alexander, the last of wch was contemporary to Xerxes. Now \the reign of Carneus &/ these eight /seven\ kings at about 18 years a piece amounts to 144 years wch counted backward from the death of Xerxes will place the beginning of ye kingdom of Macedon upon the 43th Olympiad or thereabouts as above. After Alexander reigned Perdiccas Archelaus Orestes & others unto Philip the father of Alexander the great.

4|2|. The kingdom of Macedon was founded by Caranus the brother of Phidon & some mak of the king of Argus of the posterity of Temenus & some make Phidon as old ancient as Iphitus & tell us yt the kingdom of Macedon was founded before the Olympiads: but Phidon was not so ancient \by 200 years./ The Amphictyons by the advice of Solon made Almæon – – – – – – – – or 240 after the return of the Heraclides

4|5| Alexander the great &c.

<24r>

Mæris is set immediately before Cheops three times in the Dynasty of the kings of Egypt composed by Eratosthenes & once in the Dynasties of Manetho & in the same Dynasties Nitocris is set after the builders of the great Pyramids. And thence I gather that the kings of Egypt mentioned by Herodotus ought to be placed in this Order. Ammon, Sesostris, Pheron or Orus,

The Egyptians originally lived on the fruits of the{illeg} earth & absteined from animals & fared hardly. Menes \taught them to adorn their tables & beds with rich carpets &/ brought in amongst the|m| Egyptians a sumptuous \delicious/ & voluptuos way of life, \teaching them to adorn their tables & beds with rich carpets/ & about an hundred years after his death was cursed by \for it/ by Gnephaitus king of the upper Egypt & \one of his successors cursed him for it & caused/ the curse /to be\ entred in the Temple of Iupiter Ammon at Thebes: wch made \& |by| this curse diminished/ the honour of Menes \was diminished/ among the Egyptians.

Si corpus vi tertia P in loco A impressa \dato illo tempore/ ferretur ab A ad E: motus ex tribus viribus \impressis/ resultans is esset qui copone\re/tur ex motibus AD et AE, & sic deinceps in infinitum.

Et motus composito vis insita quia corpus in motu illo perseverat, est ut proportionalis est.

<24v>

Dn Legatus, Exemplaria 2

ProfessorAstronomiæ \Pollenus/ Paduensis. 1
Manfredus Bononiensis 1

Nobilis Venetus D. Trivisanus, {illeg} Senator 1.

Christinus Martinellus Nob. Venetus, Astronomiæ studiosus, 1

Vrsatus Discipulus Reinaldini et Montenari, Astronomiæ studiosus 1.

Abbas Angloi, Astronomiæ valde studiosus, Parisiensis 1.

Ds Conti Nob. Venetus, Senator, 1.

Pater Grandi Pisanus Professor – 1

Dns Bernoulli uterqꝫ – 2.

<25r>

And as Hercules was his \{illeg}/ General \in the parts of Egypt Neptune was his/ so Neptune was his Admiral & reign reigned in Libya & therefore {illeg} Antæas was Neptune For Neptune was the father of Atlas & Atlas was the father of Calypso & |Antæus seems to have been his Admiral & this Admiral was the Neptune of ye ancients so Neptune was his Admiral| For Calypso the daughter of Atlas the son of Neptune flourished in the time of the Trojan war & therefore Atlas was one generation old & Neptune two generations older then that war & Atla Atlas flourished in the time of ye Argonautic expedition & Neptune in the age before, that is in the reign of Osiris. ffor Neptune had several sons in ye Argonautic expedition as Euphemus Erginus \Nauplius/ & Ancæus & His son Glaucus \a sea captain/ seized Ariadne in ye Island Naxus, & he himself in the reign of Laomedas \& Apollo or Orus the son of Osiris/ assisted in building ye walls of Troy in the reign of Leomedon.

Antæus who governed Libya had his royal {illeg} royal seat at Irasa a city of {illeg} Greece |Hirassa or Irasa a seaport town of city of| Pentapolis neare \neare where the city the city Cyrene haven Apollonia {sic}/ Cyrene ffor Pindar tells us that Irasa was the city of Antæus, was afterwards \the city Cyrene/ built by Battus. The haven {illeg} was called Apollonia For Pindar tells us that Hirassa was the city of Antæus. The haven of the place was called Apollonia. There Battus afterwards built the city Cirene the Metropolis of the Province. In all the the {sic} sea coasts of Egypt from Ioppa in Palestine to Parætonium in Libya for ye space of above 600 miles there was not one safe harbor to be found except Pharus, but from Parætonium along the sea coasts of Marmarica & Cyrene were several good ones & there Bochart & Arius Montanus place \the Naphthuim/ a people sprung from Misraim Gen. 10.13. And therefore the Egyptians {illeg} before the conquest of Libya in were \could/ not be potent at sea for want of Ports but upon upon the conquest of Libya meeting there with convenient ports & {illeg} plenty of tib timber they set out a fleet potent fleet of long & tall ships & this being in \region being at that time under/ the government of Antæus he was the Neptune of the ancients. For |Neptune was first worshipped in Africa & from thence his worship was propagated into other countries & therefore he reigned in Afric &| the Cretans affirmed that Neptune was the first that set out a fleet having obteined this Prefecture of Saturn, whence posterity recconed things done in the sea to be under his government & Mariners honoured him with sacrifices. By Saturn I understand here the father of Iupiter Belus & Pluto Neptune & Pluto & shall presently shew that Iupiter Belus was Sesostris. Whence it follows that Iupiter Bel Nep{illeg}tune was the brother of Osiris an Egyptian & the brother of Osiris & by consequence the Typhon of the Egyptians & by consequence | therefore that Ammon was the first king of Egypt who set out a fleet in the Mediterranean. & therefor Ammon \their father/ was the first king of Egypt who set out a fleet in ye Mediterranean. ffor Typhon was the husband of Nephtys & was the interpreted by the Egyptians to signify the sea & the Priests of Egypt abominated the sea & had Neptune in no honour. |They said that Osiris signified the Nile wch in overflowing copulated with the land of Egypt signified by Isis & in running into the sea & being dissipated therein perished by Typhon.| And in telling the story of the war between the Gods of Egypt & the Giants they sometimes put Neptune for Typhon, & where Lucian saith that Corinth being full of fables tells the fight of Sol & Neptune & where Agotharcides tells \relates/ how the Giants gods of Egypt fled from the Giants till the Titans came in & saved them by putting Neptune to flight. The [name Neptune is Egyptian signifying a Lord of the sea coasts: for the] outmost parts of the earth & promontories & whatsoever borders upon the sea the Egyptians called Nephtys. \And/ I|i|n ye sea coasts of {illeg} Marmarica & Cyrene Bochart & Arius Montanus place the Naphtuim a people sprung from Misraim Gen. 10.13. And therefore Neptune & his wife Nephtys are also to be placed there the words Neptune Nephtys & Naphtuim signifying in the language of the Egyptians the King & Queen & people of the sea coasts. {illeg} Certainly Neptune was contemporary to Sesostris & {Anc}æus; for to in the reign of Laomedon king of Troy he assisted \& Apollo Orus/ assisted in building the walls of Troy that is fortifyed {illeg} that city for Sesostris. His son Glaucus took Ariane from Theseus in the Island Dia & lay with her. Others of his sons as Euphemus Erginus Nauplius & Ancæus were in the Argonautic expedition, & his <25v> son Atlas was contemporary to the Argonauts being the father of Calypso who flourished in the time of the Trojan war \& after that war convened with Vlisses/. Neptune therefore being two generations older then the \warriers at Troy/ Troj|y| {sic}an war & one generation older then ye Argonauts was contemporary to Sesostris & therefore was his Admiral & he & Antæus reigned {illeg} at once over \the kingdom of/ one & the same \portion of/ Libya \& so/ must be one & the same king, & his son Atlas must be his successor in the kingdom. For the gardens of the Hesperides were in this|e| kingdom \of Atlas/ & are placed by Ptolomy, Pliny, \& Strabo/ neare Cyrene. \And/ Atlas was \{illeg} well/ skilled in sea affairs \& had a fleet potent fleet/, for Homer saith of him Θαλάσσης πασης βένθεα οἰδεν He knows the depths of all the sea, when & others that Phorcys who reigned over Sardinia & Corsica was overcome by him \Atlas/ in a sea fight & {sic} drowned, & Clemens Alexandrinus that Atlas was the first that built a ship & sailed upon the seas, that is in the reign & by the direction of his father Neptune. And in the war between the Gods of Egypt & the Giants \Titans/ A{illeg}|t|las \assisted his father/ was skilled in captain of the Titans or Giants & therefore assisted his father \&/ in the end of the war had the \sign of/ heavens placed upon his sholders, that is he assisted his father \Typhon or Neptune/ in that war & then succeeded him in ye kingdome ffor kingdom of Afric. ffor the Ancients represented a kingdom by the heaven earth sun Moon & stars & putting the Sun putting the stars for the great \frame of the world/ putting the sun moon & Stars for the king the people & the princes of the kingdom. Cyrene wa The country of Cyrene was famous for the breed & management of good horses \& Egypt was supplied w. h. from thence, {illeg} especially after the conquest of Libya by Ammon./ And thence Neptune Pallas & the Amazons were called eques The Scholiast upon Pindar (Pyth Ode 4) saith Equestrem Neptunum Poeta vocat And Pamphus who is reputed the author of ye oldest hymns amongst the Athenians calls Neptune

Ι῾ποσωντε δοτηρα, νεωντε τ{illeg}|ε|᾽ ἰθυκρηδέμων

The inventor \author/ of \horses/ & of tall ships wth sails. |Chariots were drawn by horses before his days, but he is reputed the author of riding & fighting on horsback.|

For before the conquest of Lybya {hors} by Ammon, horsmanship & longs {sic} ships wth sails were not known in Europe \Horses were u/

In the Pliny tells that ships of war were first rigged out by Ægæon & others make Ægeon \the son in law of Neptune/

When the Egyptians applied themselves to Navigation, that they might \have/ the sea coasts \by wch men had hitherto sailed/ & guid guide themslves in the middle of the seas by the Sun Moon & starrs, they bega their kings & Admirals {sic} Princes began to stu began to \& chiefly their Admirals applyed themselves to the observation of the heavens &/ study of Astronomy \{illeg}/. Atlas was eminent for this his skill in this science, Antæus observed the course of the Moon wch was the hardest part of Astronomy, The Atlantides a people of Libya \was Tutor to Bacchus & in Libya & came from thence into Greece &/ {sic} in the reign of Ammon, Aristæus who married the daughter of Cadmus, carried Astronomy \{with hi}/ from Libya into Greece The Atlantides a people of Libya say[19] that Vranus was their first king who reduced them from a salvage couse {sic} of life & taught them to live in towns & cities & that he \reigned over a great part of the world &/ measured the couse year by the course of the Sun & the Months by the course of the Moon & divided the days into hours & was familiarly acquainted wth the risings & settings of the stars, & after death for his merits & skill in Astronomy was honoured as \a/ God. By Vranus they mean Ammon They say also that he was the married his sister Titæa or Terra & by her had the \many children called/ Titans two of wch {illeg} called Hyperion & Bisilea were the parents of Helio & Selene, & that the Titans assassinated Hyperion & drowned Helio in Eridanus \(not in the Po but in the river Nile)/ & thereupon Selene threw herself from a house \top/ & Fitæa her mother Basilea went distracted & disappeared, By wch circumstance & all of them were deified. By wch circumstances its manifest that Cœlus Hyperion Helio & Selene were Ammon, Osiris, Orus & Bubaste, Ammon being deified by the name of \Vranus or/ Iupiter Vranius. And the Cretans reported[20] that Hyperion the son of Cœlus was the first that by his own industry found out the motions of the Sun & Moon & other stars & the seasons & distinctions of time measured out by them, that <26r> is he studied Observed \& studied Astronomy &/ the stars in his fathers reign for advancing navigation |assisted his father in these matters for advancing navigation being instructed by Aristæus|. So then And hence it appears that he was the Iupiter Belus of the Chaldeans. ffor Pausanias tells us that Iupiter Belus in Babylon had his name from Belus an Egyptian the son of Libya (as he is reputed) who built the temple in Babylon & Strabo{illeg}: Durat ibi (Babylon) Iovis Beli templum: inventor hic fuit sideralis scientiæ. And Diodorus: the Egyptians report that many colonies out of Egypt were disperst over all parts of ye world (vizt by the wars & {illeg} of Sesostris) & that Belus the son of Neptune & Libya led a colony into the Province of Babylon & fixing his seat at the river Euphrates consecrated Priests & according to the custome of the Egyptians freed them from all public taxes & impositions. These Priests the Babylonians call Chaldeans who observe the motions of the stars in imitation of ye Priests Naturalists & Astrologers of Egypt. Cheræas wrote that there was wine in Babylon wch the inhabitants called Nectar & thence it appears that \Bacchus &/ the Gods of Egypt were at Babylon this wine being there\ir/ drink. of the Gods Bacchus & the Gods.

When Ba{illeg}|c|chus invaded the nations he found them wthout swords & other weapons of iron wch made his conquests easy. |When Ammon conquered Libya they used clubs. So Hyginus: Afri et Ægyptij primum fustibus dimicaverunt postea Belus Neptuni filius gladio belligeratus est, unde bellum dictum.| In Europe Cadmus first found {illeg} out Copper in Bœotia & then the Idæi Dactylj found out iron in Crete in the reign of Minos, & by the use of iron \tools/ Minos was enabled to prepare a fleet by wch he gained the dominion of the seas, The islands Cyclades were at first uninhabited but Minos & Rhadamanthus peopled several of them & Rhadamanthus giving to each of his captains some Island or City placed Thoas in Lemnus. There Thoas \reigned &/ exercised the Smiths trade having perhaps learnt it of the Idei Dactyli in Crete & build|t|ing the city Hephæstion \& being furnished wth iron from thence. He built & reigned in the city Hephæstion, & when Sesostris ye great Mars of the Greek Islands ancients conquered the Greek Islands he made armor for him, &/ became the Hephæstus \or Vulcan/ of the Ancients. \/ < insertion from the right margin of f 26r > ✝ Apollonius taking Thoas for the son of Bacchus saith that Bacchus left his purple cloak to his son Thoas & Thoas left it to his daughter Hypsipyle Queen of Lemnus. Apol. Argonaut IV. v. 426. < text from f 26r resumes > He married Calycopis the daughter of Otreus king of Phrygia & taking {illeg} Sesostris \Mars (that is, Sesostris)/ in bed with his wife composed ye matter so as exchange {illeg} Lemnos for \to obtein the government of/ Cyprus \& Byblus/. Then Mars that is Sesostris went presently with violence \(that is, with his army)/ over the Hellespont into Thrace & Venus Calycopis sailed in rich apparrell to \Cythara & thence to/ Cyprus & landed at Paphus where she was washed & adorned by her weomen called the Graces & became the Venus of the ancients. lived splendidly in costly aparrel adorned with gold, becoming the Venus of the ancients \& where Vulcan afterward married Agalia the youngest of the Graces/. In her way to Cyprus she sailed first to Cythara an Island of Greece between Peloponnesus & Crete. \In Cyprus she lived in adultery with Gingris the son of Gin Thoas/ Thoas for his skill upon the harp was called Cinyras. ffor Cy|i|nyras \lived with Venus in Cyprus & afterwards \Vulcan/ married Aglaia the \youngest/ of the Graces attended the \{illeg}/ O{illeg} &/ was an inventor of arts & found out tiles, & copper in Cyprus, & the hammer & anvil & tongues & laver, & impoyed workmen in making armour & other things. – – – – – with Apollo on the harp. \– times of the Trojan war./ And after the death of his wife he deified her wth lustful Orgia whereby she becam the Cyprian Venus – – – – – – huc appulsam Tacit Hist. 2. p. 238. This Venus before she went to Cyprus lay wth Anchises on mount Ida & at Cyprus she lived in adultery wth Ado Gingris the son of Cy|i|nyras; & when Cinyras deified his Venus he deified also his son by the name of Adonis

<27r>

The names of the Gods Moloch Milcom Adramelech Anamelech, Melecartus.

[Editorial Note 8]

|institu| building Temples to Venus & Adonis in Cyprus & at Byblus in Phœnicia & instituting their worship with orgia & lamentations for the death of Adonis much after the manner that Adonis was w Osiris was worshipped in Egypt. Or rather, he instituted the worship of \his great benefactor/ Osiris under the name of Adonis pretending to yt & joyned ye worship of his son wth & the Cyprians applied the \name &/ worship to his son. ffor Adonis signifies The Lord & so agrees to Osiris but not to Gingris, {illeg} & Lucian tells us that he saw at Amathus Byblus a great Temple of Venus Byblia – – – – – – – – called Dea Syria as well as Dea Cypria. And from the Temples built to her in several places she was also called Cytharea, Paphia, Amathusia \Byblia/ &c. So then Sesostris was the Adonis of the Phœnicians Syrians & his mistress was their Venus, & ye maker of his armour was their Vulcan

So then the great Gods of Egypt vizt Ammon, Osiris – – – – – – – – – Antæo eripui.

But after some further broiles the war was composed & Isis & Orus reigned in Egypt for some time till the Ethiopians under Hercules invaded Egypt & Libya \drowning Orus in the Nile & taking Libya from Atlas/ & then came out against Asa king of Israel with a very great army \of Ethiopians Libyans & Troglodytes/ & were beaten by him & expelled \driven out of the lower Egypt/ by |by {sic}| the \revolting/ Egyptians {illeg}/un\till the reign of Amenophis.

Pliny tells us: Ægyptiorum bellis attrita est Ethiopia – – – – – – – – Philstims from Caphtor Amos 9.7. And thus by the \civil/ broiles in Egypt & the revolt of the nations, the \great/ Empire of the Cophtites seated at Thebes, \was sch/ came to an end period.

This Empire may be distinguished into four ages according to the reign of their kings Thmosis, Ammon Sesak \Osiris/ & Orus. For \these were the ages of the great Gods of Egypt/ these seem to be the four ages of the Gods of Egypt, in imitation of wch the Greeks \formed the/ four ages of their Gods.

In those days the Egyptians using to write in Hieroglyphick affected to represent \all/ things by symbols as by putting a trident for ye |in the hand of an Admiral to represent the| three squadrons of his fleet, a rod writhen about wth two serpents for the symbol of an Embassador reconciling two nations, |a man {illeg} wth a syth for a king of a corn-country, a man wth rams horns for a king a country abounding wth sheep| a man riding upon an eagle wth a thunderbolt in his hand for a great warrior soaring high in dominion, a man wth a sith in his hand for a king {illeg} globe |the world| for a kingdom, |a giant for a great man great in power a man wth many heads & hands for a king with his kingdom or many a Captain wth his army| \water for people/ a flood for an invasion, &c |a new world after a flood for a new kingdom set up after an invasion, {sic} golden apples for {scar}ce & precious & valuable fruit, a Dragon keeping the gardens of the Hesperides for an army keeping a country abounding wth fruit-bearing trees, a horn of the sea for a river, the horn of Amalthea for a \{illeg}/ river with {illeg} fertile meadows on both sides given to that Queen \by Ammon to his Queen/ for her her {sic} maintenance. And| So when {illeg} Hercules took the Globe from Atlas it is to be understood that he took his kingdom from him, & So by the four first ages after a flood is to be und Deucalions flood are to be understood the invasion of Greece in the reigns of \those kings Ogyges &/ Deucalion; & by the four ages next after a flood is to be understood the four first reigns ages of a kingdom erected by an invasion. ffor in this sense a flood is used in scripture \waters being put for peoples & multitudes & nations {illeg} 8.7, 8 & tongues Apoc. XVII./ Isa. 59.19. Ier 16.7, 8. & 47.2, 3 Amos 8.8 & 9.5. The Lord bringeth upon them the waters of the river strong & many even the king of Assyria & all his glory; & he shall come up over all his channels & go over all his banks; & he shall pass through Iudah & go over, he shal reach even to the neck Isa. VIII.7, 8. Who is this that cometh up like a flood, whose waters are moved as the rivers. Egypt riseth up like a flood & his waters are moved like the rivers: & he saith, I will go up & will cover the earth; I will destroy the city & the inhabitants thereof. Ier. XLVI.7, 8, Waters are peoples & multitudes or nations & tongues Apoc. XVII, See also Isa LIX.19 Ier. {illeg} XLVII.2, 3. Am VIII.8. < insertion from between the lines > a golden age for a happy age golden apples for pretious apples. a man or Beast with two or more heads or faces or heads for a king wth two or more kingdoms collateral or successive. And

And from these & such like symbols truly interpreted the history of the mystical ages may receive some light. {illeg} ffor Saturn has a sith to signify that he conquered {illeg} the lower Egypt, a country abounding with corn. The The Egyptians painted him with two faces becausse he conquered reigned over two kingdoms an old one & a new. Iupiter Ammon has ram's horns because he conquered Libya a country abounding wth sheep. Iupiter Belus has a thunderbolt in his hand to signify that he was a great warrior. He rides upon an egle to signify his soaring high in dominion. Mercury has an Embassadors rod writhen about with two serpents in memory of his {illeg} composing the wars between the nations of Egypt & Libya. Hercules has a club to signify that \because/ he was of ye nation of the Megabar Ethiopians next above Egypt who fought with clubs. He took the sphere from Atlas, that is the kingdom of Libya A dragon kept the gardens of the Hesperides, that is, an army kept the kingdom of Libya. Amalthea \the mother of Bacchus/ had a horn filled wth flowers & fruit, that is a river with fertil meadows on each side given her by Ammon for her maintenance. Greece was overflowed in the days of Ogyges & Deucalion that is overspread with forreigners.

< text from f 27r resumes > <27v>

before Psammiticus reigned over all Egypt. Menes & his succesors reigned afterwards \at Memphis/ & built that city sumptuously. [Memphys was by the Egyptians called Menopeh, Moph, Noph, from Amenoph{illeg} or Amenophis & {illeg} Menoph is the founder] And therefore Menes was Amephnophis \the Ethiopian called Amenophis/. Memphis was by the \by the Greeks. Memphis was by the {sic}/ Egyptians called Menoph, Moph, Noph, Menoph comes from | is an abbreviation of Amenoph & was easily chang{illeg}ed into Menes. \From/ Amenoph passed \came/ into Menoph & Menoph into Menes & from Menoph came Menes from A from the founder whose name Amenoph \easily/ passed into Menoph & Menoph into Menes.

After the death of Asserhadon \(or soon after)/ reigned at Babylon Saosduchinus, Chiniladon Nebuchadnezzar Nabopolassar & {illeg} \& Nebuchadnezzar/, at Nineveh \Ecbatane D{illeg}/ Phraortes, Astyages & Cyaxeres \& Darius/ & at Nineveh I think Nebuchadonosor, Anacyndaraxis, & Sardanapalus. ffor the history of Nebuchadonosor king of Assyria mentioned in the book of Esther suits wth these times. For Nebuchadonosor in the 12th year of his reign &c.

And by his reigning next after the Gods of Egypt \& placing his throne at Memphis/ you may know that he is the Menes \of ye Egyptians/ who built Memphis & [reigned next after the Gods & built Memphis. As Thebes was called \by the Egyptians/ No-Ammon from Ammon the father of Sesak \who made it the seat of his Empire/, so Memphis was by the|m| Egyptians called Menoph, Mnoph, Moph Noph from \the founder/ Amenoph |who first reigned there. And Menoph by an easy change became| And Menoph {sic} by an easy is change became Menes. He was succeeded by Ramses or Rhampsinitus, Mœris, Cheops Cephren, Mycerinus, Nitocres, Asychis Anysis & perhaps some other intermediate kings. All these reigned at Memphys & there buil & adorned the city & there built

Menes founded \built/ the

[Editorial Note 9]

enter ino open rebellion & become false churches called in scripture Synagogues of Satan & Antichrists. These are they that separate themselves, saith Iude of

– on ye other side Iordan, & there they began first to be called Ebionites

They gloried in this name & said that they knew of no such man as Ebion – – – a poor man. This is the account wch they gave of themselves, but Ierome Epiphanius Ierome & some others took Ebion for the name of a man. Vpon the commencing of the Iewish war the Christian Iews or Nazarens fled from Ierusalem into other countries & chiefly into Peræa on ye other side \of/ Iordan And there continuing \{illeg}/ by their poverty they \seem to have/ gained the name of Ebionites & \by/ the number of those prevailing who refused to communicate with ye uncircumcised beleivers, the{illeg} name of Ebionites became \at length/ appropriated to ye those Nazarenes who were \Nazarenes/ of this opinion.

Sect. II.

I have hitherto considered the Church as {illeg} an agr \of God or/ or {sic} host of heaven as an aggregate of men united into one body by mutual friendship love & charity & into one kingdom by subjection to the laws of \one/ God {illeg} & Christ their supreme king & \of one/ Christ their Lord. It remains that I say something of their unity in \the forms & ceremonies of/ worship & government. And first in They worship For For the Iews had but one Tabernacle & one Temple & one High Priest \for sacrificing/ & one great Sanhedrim or great Council \of seventy Elders/ seated in the Temple for governing the \whole/ nation, & under these were synagogues in every city for praying & preaching & in every synagoge a Council \of Elders/ for governing the city, & the Council anciently sat in the Gate of ye city Ruth 4.1, 2, 11.

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omnia regit cum potentia cui resisti non potest.

Pag 433 l 1, 2, 3. Æternus est et Infinitus, \Omnisciens & Omnipotens/ id est, durat ab æterno in æternum \omnia cognoscit quæ \fiant &/ sciri possunt & omnia regit quæ {illeg} sunt./ et adest ab infinito in infinitum. \Non est æternitas vel infinitas sed æternus & infinitus./ Non est duratio sed durat semper /{illeg}\ \& durando durationem constituit./ Non est locus vel spatium sed \durat &/ adest \& sic præsentiam suam locum constituit./ ubiqꝫ. |Durat semper & adest ubiqꝫ & existendo semper et ubiqꝫ durationem et spatium constituit æternitatem & infinitatem constituit.| Cum unaquæqꝫ spatij particula sit semper, & unum quodqꝫ durationis indivisibile momentum ubiqꝫ; certe rerum omnium Fabricator ac Dominus non erit nunquam nusquam. Omnipræsens est non per virtutem solam sed etiam per substantiam. Nam virtus sine substantia subsistere non potest. In ipso *[21] continentur et moventur universa, sed absqꝫ mutua passione Deus nihil patitur ex corporum motibus: illa nullam sentiunt resistentiam ex omipræsentia {sic} Dei. Deum summum necessario existere &c.

Pag 484 lin. 17. Adjicere jam liceret nonnulla de Spiritu quodam subtilissimo corpora crassa pervadente & in ijsdem latente; cujus vi et actionibus particulæ corporum ad parvas distantias se mutuo attrahunt & contiguæ factæ cohærent, &

[Editorial Note 10] <28v>

After this war Nebuchadonosor in the 18th year of his reigne sent {his} Holof his captain Ho|O|lofernes with a great army to avenge himself on all the west country because they had disobeyed his commandment, & Olofernes went forth wth an army of of {sic} 12000 horse & 120000 foot & reduced Arabia & {illeg} Cilicia & Mesopotamia & Syria & Damascus & \part of/ Arabia & Madian & \then/ came against Iudæa. And {illeg} this came |was done when| the government was in the hands of the High Priest & ancients of Israel (Iudith 8) & by consequence when \when/ Iosiah was a child. In times of prosperity – – – from danger. When the king of Assyria had \was/ reduced|ing| the western nations & \prepared to/ come against Iudea, then were the Iews terrified & they fortified Iudea – – – – Ierusalem from Idolatry. Herodotus tells us that the Medes revolted before the rest

Misphragmuthosis was the first man who reigned over all Egypt including Thebais. Ammon conquered Libya \or Amenemosis/ extended the Empire over Libya {illeg} \thence called Ammonia & over/ Ethiopia & the coasts of the red sea \on both sides/. Sesac added the rest. \Sesac or Sesostris/ going for westward to ye straits mouth & eastward to ye straits mouth |to {sic} through Persia & Media & northward through \into/ Syria \Assyria Mesopotamia/ Anatolia Thrace| & setting up pillars in all his conquests. ✝ < insertion from lower down f 28v > ✝ He \built Temples &/ set up Oracles to his father Ammon at Thebes & in {illeg} Asia \M{illeg}/ Libya & Ethiopia # < insertion from lower down f 28v > # whence Ammon became & perhaps in Arabia Felix. {illeg} \whence For/ all these nations worshipped Iupiter Ammon. He divided Egypt & Thebais into Nomes, & cutting channel < text from higher up f 28v resumes > \& divided Egypt & all Thebais into Nomes/ &, cutt|ing| channels from ye Nile to all the \head/ cities of Egypt \all the Nomes,/ raised the cities higher with ye earth dug out, built a Temp Temple in every city \for the nome/, appointed the God, the religion & the annual festivals \of/ every Nome \Temple/ /nome\, \&/ setting up an \an/ Oracles in the Temple to ye God of the Nome causing his Princes several Princes to be worshipped in the several Nomes & himself & his wife in them all. After his death &c Whence came the several Gods & religions of ye several Nomes of Egypt. Some of their Oracles remained till the days of Herodotus. < text from higher up f 28v resumes > After this death \of Sesac/ Libya revolted & invaded Egypt but was repelled \repulsed by the army of Egypt & Ethiopia/. Then ye Ethiopians {illeg} invaded Egypt slew the Son & successor of Sesak, & under Zera came out against the Iews. \For While {sic} these things were doing Asa revolted & had rest ten years & fortified Iudea & got raised a great army/ Zerah being beaten /by Asa\ so that he could not recover himself the people of the lower Egypt under the conduct of Osarsiphus called in a great body of ye victorious Iews, & drove back the Ethiopians. But after 15 years Amenophis with his son Ramesses came down from Ethiopia wth a great army, subdued the lower \all/ Egypt \&/ drave out ye Iews & placed their royal seat at Memphis \& founded a new dynasty of Kings who/ And this \{illeg}/ was recconed the second expulsion of ye shepherds. Amenophis by this victory \conquest/ founded a new Dynasty of Kings who of Egypt who reigned at Memphis. ffor he is Menes \who reigned next after the Gods {illeg} or deified kings of Egypt & who |&| Thebes & {illeg}/ who built Memphis from him called by the Egyptians Menoph, Mnoph, Moph, Noph. & ffrom the word Menoph came his name \is/ Menes. {illeg} After him reigned \at Memphis/ Ramesses or Rhampsinitus, Mœris, Cheops – – – \at Memphis/ & there they built the sumptuous temple of Vulcan & the Labyrinth & the Pyramids & made the great lake of Mœris wth two Pyramids in it. In ye reigns of Asychis & Anytis \– – – –/ by Asserhadon.

For it was hitherto in fashion for ye eastern \nations/ to deify the founders of their kingdoms. An instance of wch we have in the kings of Damascus founded by Rezon \or Hezion/ in the latter end of Davids reign. [Afer {sic} Hezion reigned Tabrimon, Benhadad, & Hazael, Benhadad, \**/ Rezin successively in|at| Damascus & till the Assyrians conquered Rezin. And the Syrians of Damascus] & enlarged by Benhadad & Hazael. For the Sy Iosephus lets us know that the Syrians worshipped Adad & his successor Hazael as Gods for their benefactions. And so by the Gods of the \other/ nations <28r> conquered by Pul the Assyrians are to be understood their kings who founded or enlarged their kingdoms. / in these \& some other/ institutions he seems to have copied from \those of/ the Iews, his sister having been Solomons Queen. The High Priest of the nome ware judged the people & ware a badge adorned wth gemms hanging about his neck by a golden chain \& adorned wth gemms/ & named {illeg} Truth.

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Manetho Iosephus tells us out of Manetho & Choeremon that in ye reign of Amenophis thes son of Rhampsis & grandson of Sethos {illeg} a great body of leprous /leprous\ Egyptians revolted at Pelusium & had a \their/ polity & laws given them by O one Osarsiphus priest of Heliopolis & called in the Iews from Ierusalem to their assistance & that Amenophis fled to Ethiopia became \where/ the King of Ethiopia was freely subject to him & afterwards \thirteen years/ returned to & \wth his young son {illeg}|Ramasses| (so called from his Grandfather Rhampses)/ drave out ye rebells & Iews to ye borders of Syria The|is| story Manetho & Cheremon \have distorted/ apply|ing| /it\ to the Iews in ye time of Moses as if they Osarsiphus was Moses {illeg} was O taking \as if Moses was/ Osarsiphus for \were/ Moses & these Israelites wch they led \Moses led {illeg}/ out of Egypt to be \were/ these Iews & leprous \leprous/ Egyptians \said to be/ now expelled by Amenophes. Let the story be purged from what belongs to that fiction & it will amount to this that after the Iews had beat ye Ethiopians \were routed/ at Maresah, The the Amenophis \the Egyptians/ called in ye \victorious/ Iews to their assistance & \then Amenophis/ leaving a competent force at Pelusium pursued the \flying/ Ethiopians wth his main army as far as Ethiopia & when he had \by a 13 years war staid in those parts 10 or 12 years till he had/ reduced them to obedience /& then\ returned & the & wth his young son Rhampses drave out ye Iews [either by perswasion or by force] obliged ye Iews to withdraw into Syria. And to this action Ramesses seems to relate in ye \when he/ inscription|bed| on his Obelisk (according to the interpretation of Hermapion that he had saved Egypt by expelling forreigners.

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About ye beginning of this kings reign {sic} \[22]In this or the next kings reign & in ye 14th year of Asa/ Zerah \king of {illeg} {Egypt}/ wth a|n| great army of \army of a thousand thousand/ Ethiopians & b[23] Lybyans invaded {illeg} Iudea [& were routed by Asa king of Iudah] wch makes it probable that they first invaded Egypt \& {illeg} Their way was {illeg} & Asa \through Egypt & they/ seem to have made some \a/ considerable stay there/. ffor before they invaded Iudah, Asa \king of Iudah/ had peace fo 10 years & made \before they invaded him & \long/ expected their coming. ffor/ while ye time \land/ was \yet/ before him \he \destroyed {Idolatry &}/ sought the Lord &/ fortified the cities of Egypt Iudea wth walls & towers & gates & bars & prepared an army of 500000 \This he did without any help from ye Egyptians & they consequently the Egyptians had work enough at home/. With this army Asa \he/ routed the Ethiopians & was there met by \At length when they {illeg} advanced from Eypt Asa met & routed them, so that they could not recover themselves./ Azariah ye Prophet told said to him went out to meet him & said [24]Hear ye me Asa & Iudah & Bejamin {sic}. The Lord is with you while ye be with him & if ye seek him he will be found of you but if you forsake him he will forsake you. Now for a long season (viz from ye invasion of ye land by Sesach|k|) Israel hath been wthout a true God & without a teaching Priest & wthout Law. And in those days times there was no peace to him that went out nor to him that came in but great vexations were upon all the inhabitants of ye countries & nation was destroyed against of Nation & city of city: for God did vex them with all adversity \[vizt during the wars & dominion of Sesack.]/. But when Israel in their \trouble/ did turn unto ye Lord & sought him he was found of them. \Israel was therefore \in/ troubled about ye Ethiopians when asa sought the Lord & fortified the Cities of Iudah./ Thus did the King of Iudah shake of ye dominion of Egypt {illeg} & recover its ffor henceforward |\For now he/ he {sic} brought into ye Temple the {illeg} silver & gold & vessels wch he & his father had dedicated since ye spoiling of the temple by Sesak: & henceforward –| he & his son Iehosaphat had peace & flourished in power & wealth for 50 years together. The Ethiopians & Libyans being thus routed were probably expelled also by ye Egyptians. ffor {illeg} Ramestes inscribed on an Obelisk (according to ye interpretation of Hermapiō) that he had saved Egypt by overcoming forreigners. Yet by this invasion the dominion of Egypt was shaken so that Herodotus was not much out when he wrote that Sesostris was the only King that enjoyed the \Egyptian/ Empire. However a considerable part of ye {illeg} nations conquered by Sesostris continued still in subjection to Egypt.

By this action Iudah shook of ye dominion of Egypt. ffor whereas \the th/ Sesak had spoiled the Temple & took away & takē away all the tre\a/sures of ye Temple & Asa now brought into the Temple the silver & gold & vessels wch he & his father had dedicated in ye room of wt Sesak had taken away & henceforward Asa & he & his son Iehosaphat – – – together.

The Ethiopians & Libyans being thus \totally/ routed were probably expelled by the Egyptians ffor Ramestes –

His mother was a Queen \\& the d/ & the dau/ & therefore we may reccon him the son of ye \royal/ race of Sesostris. \On his mothers statue was a triple crown to denote her a Queen/ By the riches of his predecessors – – musical voice.

He built also the Labyrinth – – end of wch was a square – – –

structure \like a temple/ ten fulongs {sic} in circuit wth several stately Porticos & Galleries. At ye entrance of one of ye Porticos were three very great statues, his own his mothers & his daughters wth this Inscription

I am Osimandes King of Kings. I If any would know how great

I am & where I lye let him excell me in any of my works.

I am Osimandes King of King {sic}

If any would know how great I am & where I lye

let him excell me in any of my works.

Iosephus tells a story out of Manetho & Chœremon of ye Iews a body of \leprous/ Egyptians revolting \at Pelusiū/ \in ye reign of Amenophis ~ ~ ~ ~ the son of Rampses & grandson of Sethos And/ & calling in ye Iews from Ierusalem to their assistance & that Amenophis fled \wth his army/ from them into Ethiopia because ye king of Ethiopia was \freely/ subject to him εκ χαρυτος & after some years \time/ returning wth his young son Remesses out of Ethiopia vanquished the rebells & drave them out of Egypt to ye borders of Syria.

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– – – – – – – – greatness of their tribute & their army of a thousand thousand. But these inscriptions being upon seveal structures \& {Obelisks}/ {may} relate to more kings then one & those structures being in the City Thebes they seem to contein an account \chiefly/ of the greatnes of the Theban Empire & giving an account of the power & dominion of that city are to be undertood {sic} \chiefly of the power {rich} & wealth of more kings then one & chiefly/ of the kings wch reigned there /in Thebes\ before the translation of the Empire to Memphis & Ramesses here may be Sesostris: for Sesostris is sometimes called by that name.

Pliny tells us that the first Obelisk was made by Mitres who reigned in that city Heliopolis & afterwards other kings – – – – – – – one of 80.

Herodotus who travelled into Egypt & is the oldest author who has given us an account of the kings of that place, tells us that the Priests of Egypt \affirmed Menes to be their first king/ read to him out of a book the names of 330 kings who reigned after Menes, amongst wch was Nitocris a famous Queen & that nothing memorable was told him of any of the rest except the \last/ of them called Mœris, who & that after Mœris reigned Sesostris, Pheron, Proteus, Rhampsinitus, Cheops, Cephren, Mycerinus, Asychis, Anysis, Sabacus, Senechus, Taralus, \Anysis,/ Sethon, twelve contemporary kings, Psammiticus Nechus, Psammis, Apries, Amasis. But Menes Nitocris & Mœris who reign This is the best account of the kings of Ægypt now extant, but not wthout mistakes \some/ faults. Menes Nitocris & Mœris \were later then the Gods &/ reigned at Memphis, {illeg} & there he did great works & therefore are to be placed after Sesostris & his son Pheron {illeg} who reigned at Thebes & were two of the Gods. Mœris b Menes built the \magnificent/ temple of Vulcan at Memphis & Mœris added \built/ the northern Portico of that Temple & therefore reigned soon after Menes so that there is not room for {illeg} 330 kings between them. For it is not to be imagined that the temple of Vulcan could be 5 or 6 thousand years in building. Proteus reigned in the time of the Trojan Nitocris The last of the three great Pyramids was buit {sic} some say by Nitocris \others by Rhodope/ others by Mycerinus. \Mycerinus died before it was finished/ & therefore she is to be joyned with Mycerinus \placed after him./ Proteus was contempor reigned in the time of ye Trojan war & therefore was contemporary to Memnon. & his son Rha Proteus is not an Egyptian name but a Greek word translated out of \from/ the language of Egypt as Herodotus tells us. It signifies a Prince & so may be either Memnon himself or his deputy governour of Egypt. If Proteus \reigned at Memphis & if he/ was the father of Remphis as Diodorus affirms, he must be Memnon himself. {illeg} As Memnon built the temple of Vulcan so Proteus {illeg} on ye south side of that temple built the Temple of Venus Kospita ({illeg} that of the |ye| wife of Vulcan & the relation between those Temples \& time of their building/ import that they were works of the same king, but Memnon might imploy his Vice-roy to take see the buildings erected. After Sethon w Instead of Sabacus Anysis & Sethon {illeg} Manetho has Sabacon, Sevechus & Taracus wch names agree wch better wth Scripture. ffor when Senancherib inva lost his army Tirhacha Sethon reigned over Egypt according to Herodotus & Tirhakah according to scripture & {illeg} the predecessor of Tirhakah was \So or/ Sua according to Scripture that is Sua or Sevechus. Let \all/ these corrections be made, & the Canon of the kings of Egypt \set down by Herodotus/ will be as follows. Sesostris, Pheron, Menes, or Memnon, Rhampsinitus, Mœris Cheops, Cephren, Mycerinus, Nitocris, Asychis, Anysis, Sabac{illeg}|on|, Seoschus, Taracus, twelve contemporary kings, Psammiticus, Nechus, Psammis, Apries, Amasis. [Between Rhampsinitus \Osimandyas/ & Mœris Diodorus puts Euchoreus \the father & son, &/ Manetho puts Anenemes & Thuoris, so that Euchoreus & Thuoris seem to be one & the same king. All these kings \22 reigns (omitting that of Sesostris)/ took up the time from about ye middle of Solomons reign |fift year of Rehoboam| to ye 5t year of Cambyses, amounting to about 4{illeg} \412/ years And the 12 contemporary kings & 5 king wch \being/ about 1912 years to a reign, agrees wth ye course of nature. |And| According {sic} to this recconing there reigned 18 or 20 kings between the death of Sesostris & the beginning of the reign of Amasis, that is in the space of about 390 years, wch amount one reigne wth another making about 2{illeg}|1|23 years to a reign, answers well \well/ to the course of nature, especially if another king or wo be inserted.

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Between Osimanduas & Miris, that is Memnon & Mœris, Diodorus places Vchoreus – – – – – – – – – – By these works Vchoreus seems to be the same \man/ with Echerophes the first king of Memphis in the Dynasties \of Manetho/. Memnon built Memphys but resided for the most part at in other places, as at Abydus & Susa, \&/ Abydus: Vchoreus enlarged & beautified the place & made it his seat. Vnder Achero Echerophis the Libyans revolted but upon an extraordinary increase of the Moon \out of {relief}/ returned to obedience.

Among the stupendious works of – – – – – long staff.

After these kings reigned Gneph\ar/thus – – – – under his dominion.

Anysis was blind & in his reign & the reign of Boccharis Sabacon the Ethiopian – – was called Rhinocolura.

The reign of the Ethiopians over Egypt – – – – in or about ye beginning of the æra of Nabonassar. Whence its probable that that Æra was set on foot by some Egyptians who fled from the Ethiopians ffor the con that Conqueror. For the year of Nabonassar was in all respects the same wth the Egyptian year & began upon ye very same day, & therefore came from Egypt.

The reign of the Ethiopians over Egypt according to Herodotus b

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22. 10. 18 0 7. 6. 1512 14. 13.  7 37.   4.  1

Tatian in his book against the Greeks relates that amongst the Phenicians flourished three ancient historians Theodotus Hypsicrates & Mochus who all of them delivered in their histories (translated into Greek by Lætus) that under one of the kings happened the rapture of Europa, the voyage of Menelaus into Phœnicia & the league & friendship between Solomon & Hy|i|ram when Hiram gave his daughter to Solomon & supplied him with timber for building the Temple, & that the same is affirmed by Menander of Pergamus. Vnder one of the Kings, that is within the compass of the age of a man. For so the phrase is used by Isaiah, chap. XXIII.15. Iosephus lets us know that the Annals of the Tyrians from the days of Abibalus & Hiram were extant in his days, & that Menander of Pergamus translated them into Greek, & that Hiram's friendship to Solomon & assistance in building the Temple was mentioned in them. And by the testimony of Menander & the three ancient Phenician historians the rapture of Europa happened not long before the building of Solomons Temple |& therefore Minos the son of Europa flourished in the days of Solomon & his duaghters Ariadne & Phædra in the days of Rehoboam.| The voyage of Menelaus might be in pursuit of Paris and Hellena twenty years before the destruction of Troy. |Hence Solomon therefore reigned in the times between the raptures of Europa & Helena. And|

The expedition of Sesostris was one generation older then the Argonautic expedition. ffor in his return back into Egypt he left Æetes at Colchos, & Æetes reigned there till Ηου{illeg} Europa & her brother Cadmus flourished in the days of the \David/ & Minos the son of Europa flourished in the days of Solomon & the children Deucaleon the Argonaut |children of Minos namely Androgeus his eldest son, Deucaleon his youngest son,| Ariadne the mistress of Theseus & Bacchus, & |&| Phædra the wife of Theseus \& Deucaleon the Argonaut/ flourished in \or neare/ the days of Rehoboam, & his grandchildren Idomeneus [Phlias & Eumedon being \the sons of Bacchus & Ariadne/ were Argonauts, & his grandchild \&/ Idomeneus \the son of Deucaleon/ was at the war of Troy, & therefore the Argonautic Expedition was] & Phlias \&/ Eumedon the sons of Bacchus & Ariadne being Argo also Argonauts the

The great conquerors Osiris & Bacchus agree in their actions Dicæarchus represents them two generations older then Sesolstris, saying that after Orus the son of Osiris & Isis reigned Sesonchosis.

Osiris was also king of all Egypt & a great conquerour & conquered Thrace & there killed Lycurgus, & his history agrees wth that of Bacchus. B

Osiris was also king of all Egypt & a great conquerour \& reigned not above three generations before ye Arg exp as above/ & the sacred history admits not of | leaves no room for such a king before the days of Sesak admits not of such a conquering king of Egypt in the reign \days/ of Samuel Saul David & Solomon. before the reign of Sesak. Sesac is the first king of this Sesac is the first king of this kind.] Osiris kille conquered Thrace & killed Lycurgus & therein he agrees wth Bacchus, & by the consent of all antiquity both Egyptians & Greeks Osiris & Bacchus were one & the same king of Egypt. The histories of Osiris Bacchus & Sesostris agree wth one another. All three {illeg} \by the relation of historians/ were kings of all Egypt & there were no kings of all Egypt including Thebais before the expulsion of the shepherds. who reigned a long time in the lower Egypt All three reigned at Thebes about the same time, & were very potent by land & sea. All thre were great conquerors & conquered the same regions & carried on their conquests by land \through Asia/ as far as India. All three came over the Hellespont & were there in danger of losing their army

[Editorial Note 11]

Apollodorus tells us that Cy|i|nyras married Metharme the daughter of Pygmaleon king of Cyprus, & th

56.52.14 126. 5.2025 1234065.6.00000 00 2436 121.16 00 2364.10 295.0 029.11 2629.19. 2.11.11 2632.10.11 0 2.4.6 4.5.4 2.8 335 2.11.110 00 80.932/10.94 0 2567. 5.9 656.0 263211.9 10.11 00 58.13.2 5.17.3∟8 014.80 65.5.1∟8

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1Celeus was the son of Rharus the son of Cranaus the successor of Cecrops 2Car the son of Phoroneus the son of Inachus built a temple to Ceres in Megara 3Arcah the son of Callisto the daughter of Lycaon the son of Æzeus received corn from Triptolemus & taught his people to make berad of it. 4Myles the son of Lelex was the first who set up a hand mill or Quern in Greece to grind corn, & Pelops came into Peloponnesus in the days of Belos reign of Epeus the son of Endymion the son of Aethlius the son of Æolus 5Polycarn the brother of Myles married Messene the daughter of Tropas the son of Phorbas the brother of Pirasus. 6Pelops came into Peloponnesus in the reign of Epeus the son of Endymion the son of Aethlius the son of Æolus & Ætolus the brother of Epeus slew Apis the son or grandson of Phoroneus. And by these circumstances Cecrops, Inachus, Æzeus, Lelex, Æolus, Phorbas & Pirasus \& Æolus/ {illeg} flourished two or three generations before the coming of Cadmus & Europa into Europe. Certainly their|y| coming could not be earlier because Cadmus brought in letters & it is not likely that any thing done in Europe could be remembred before above three generations before the use of Letters. These men came wth colonies from Egypt & began to build towns soon after their coming \& these \towns/ seem to be ye oldest towns in Europe./ ffor before the seas began to be \were/ navigated, {illeg} Europe could be peopled only by Scythians from the north side of the Euxine sea, & the Scythians long after those days lived wthout towns or houses.

The ancient Egyptians & Greeks agree that Osiris & Bacchus were one & ye same king of Egypt. Now

The ancient Greeks who made the fables of ye Gods relate that Io the daughter of Inachus [or {illeg} was carried into Egypt & there became the Egyptian Isis & that Apis the son of Phoroneus after death became the God Serapis. \And/ Others {sic} represent |yt| Epaphus, that is Osiris, {illeg} to be \was/ the son of Io. And therefore Osiris & Isis in the opinion of the ancient Greeks who made the fables of the Gods, Osiris & Isis were not above two or three generations older then the Argonautic expedition. //The ancient Egyptians agree that [And there is no roome for ye great conquests of Osiris king of all Egypt before the days of Sesak.] The {illeg} \The ancients, both/ Egyptians & Greeks, agree that \the great conquerors/ Osiris & Bacchus were one & the same king of all Egypt |& they agree in their actions. Both \conquered {illeg} & the great conqueror Bacchus king of Egypt/ came over the Hellespont conquered Thrace slew Lycurgus king of Thrace & there put a stop to their victories.| Now Bacchus \this Bacchus/ loved two weomen, Venus & Ariadne Venus \{in her youth}/ was the mistr mother of Æneas \& thus was \{illeg}// not above or 60 or {65} 70 years before ye destruction of Troy, & Ariadne was two generations contemporary to Theseus & the sons of Bacchus & Ariadne were Argonauts as above. \This Bacchus was potent at sea – – – – – – one & the same man./ And therefore this Bacchus flourished but one generation before the Argonautic expedition & so can be not other then Sesak.

The p Plutarch tells us that the people of Naxus, {illeg} contrary to what others relate \wrote/, pretended that there were two Minoses & two Aria\d/nes, & that the first Ariadne married Bacchus & the last was carried away by Theseus. {illeg} This opinion seems to have arisen from hence that some of the Greeks made Osiris & Isis three generations older then the Argonautic expedition \as above/. But Homer Hesiod – – – – – were Argonauts. Osiris Bacchus & Sesostris by the relation were contemporary, & by ye relation of historians were all of them kings of all Egypt, & were very potent by land & sea. All three were great conquerers & conquered the same regions & carried on their conquests by land through Asia to India as far as India – – – – – – – – – no conqueror of Syria India Asia & Europe before Sesak.

[25]Leek. And this sort of {worship} \Idolatry/ was older then the days of Moses as is manifest by the second commandment, & gave occasion to the Thebans & Ethiopians who in the days of Samuel Saul \& {illeg}/ & David conquered \conquered/ the lower Egypt to set up the worship of their own kings in the same manner.

– in Hieroglyphicks. And this way of writing seems to have spread into ye lower Egypt before the days of Moses. ffor thence came the worship of their Gods in \the/ various shapes of birds beasts & fishes forbidden in the fourth co second Commandmt. Now this emblematical way of writing gave occasion to the Thebans & Ethiopians who in the days of Samuel Saul David Solomon & Rehoboam to represent their Kin conquered Egypt & {illeg} Libya & Asia & erected a great Empire, to represent their \conquering/ Kings & Princes by various Hieropglyphicks figures, as by representing \painting/ Ammon wth rams horns &c.

591.576.18.9 14.13.7 59111.16

[Editorial Note 12] <32v>

{illeg}y find in history that a[26] Osiris {illeg} \{illeg}/ the first king of Egypt dedicated a Temple to his father Iupiter Hammon. b[27] That {illeg} his wife \his widdow/ Isis who \with/ reigned after him {illeg} & is {illeg} by some some writers called Balilea |was his Queen {illeg} & or Balilea who was Lemnia Queen of who reigned after him Egypt|, after the death of her son |& daughter| Helius & Selene \or Orus & Bubaste/ required her subjects to worship them as Gods & that ye Egyptians so soon as she{illeg} was dead {illeg}|{ad}|ed her worshp to yt of her children. That {illeg} Thoth or Mercury who \was secretary & Counseller to Osiris & Isis &/ reigned next \after them/ in Egypt c[28] ordeined the worship & sacrifices of the Gods & d[29] invented their figures of their images \& thereby laid the foundation of worshiping these Gods by pictures & {illeg} statues/. And \his/ institutions were so well observed as to become the religion of yt {illeg} nation till the times of he it was succeed {sic} by Christianity. And here we may wth better reason place ye rise & original of Idolatry in the Gods wch their first kings set up being worshipp For these Gods & these their figures were obteined in Egypt all that time. & have been \then/ \{illeg} Thus ready was the ambition vanity or superstition of Princes to introduce &c. Here then/ we may wth more reason place ye rise & original of idolatry after ye flood then amongst Conventicles in private families or conventicles \the inferior people as you do without gr/ wthout any ground in history. For we shall scarce find any other footsteps of Idolatry so ancient.

* That {Isi} the worsh lamentation of solemnity of ye sacred Ox \solemn worship of Osiris by every 4th year by/ lamenting \every year/ this|e| death of Osiris \& seeking his scattered members/ & drowning every 4th year {sic} the Ox wch was consecrated to him, was nothing else then his funeral solemnity instituted at first to be oberved {sic} yearly & every 4th year \& {seven days}/ in honour of his memory & by {illeg} consequence \that it was/ instituted by the authority of the nation soon after his death. That Isis when he \Osiris/ was first slain \drowned by Typhon his wife/ Isis gathered up his scattered members & covering them well with put \entombed/ them in wooden ox & yt g[30] she & Mercury {illeg} in memory of these things instituted in memory of these things instituted the above mentioned \divine honours &/ sacred rites as to a great {illeg} endeavouring & promoted his worship adding much \many things other things/ mystically force to his worship that they for magnifying the by wch they might magnify the power of this God. That Mencheres \or Mycerinus/ the 12th King of Memphis who (according to Marsham) reigned \in Egypt/ about ye time that Abraham left came \went/ from Vr of ye Chaldees into Canaan & who is called Mencherinus by Diodorus & Mycerinus by Herodotus, h[31] did in imitation of Isis bury \intomb/ his daughter in the belly of a wooden Ox guilded Ox & placed it in a room ado\r/ned for that purpose that odors might be daily offered to her & a lamp be burnt in ye night. That the same Isis k[32] erected a stately Temple to her parents Iupiter & Iuno that is to Iupiter Hammon & two other {gilt} temples one of wch was to ye same Iupiter Hammon & that she erected other Temples to other Gods & instituted honours & Priests to them. That Basilea (she is ye same Isis) after the death of her son & daughter Helius & Selene (yt is Apollo & Diana or Oris & Bubaste) required her subjects to worship them as Gods & yt ye Egyptians so soon as she was dead added the worship of her to that of her children. |And| That {sic} Thoth or <32r> Mercury – – – – all that time. And thence it became a tradition of Egyptian Priests a[33] that in the worship of ye Gods was commanded them yt beginning by their kings from ye beginning. So then if {illeg} the Ægyptian Priests understood ye originalls of their own kingdom (& what {illeg} I nation I pray had more ancient records then they?) the Worship of their Gods sprang not up are \crept not in/ by degrees among ye inferior people as you would persuad have it but suppose be presume \conjecture/, but was {illeg} ordeined by their first Kings \& conserved by all ye rest/ in honour of their family. & for ye same reason perpetually enjoyned by all ye kings which followed. For how much they affected to glorify themselves in their descent from ye Gods you may understand by that \ye proud/ inscription of \of king Ramestes on/ an Obelisk made by Ramestes one of interpreted by Hermapion & \in part/ conserved by Ammianus. & wch {illeg} is nothing else then a perpetual continual glying of glor glorifying of {illeg} E So ready was ye ambition vanity & supertition {sic} of Princes to introduce their predecessor into ye divine wp of ye people to secure to themselves the greater veneration from their subjects as descended from ye Gods & erecting such a worship & such a religion \Priesthood/ as might awe the blinded & seduced people into such an obedience as they de {sic} desired. Here then we have the true original of ye corruption of the religion of Noah \& the true cause of its spreading so early & so generally/. ffor this policy of ye kings of Egypt was soon fell took wth ye kings of other nations.

Was not ye great God of ye Eastern nations \Baal or/ Iupiter Belus the first king of Assyria founder of the Ass first king of Assyria? And which I pray is more likely that ye Court should promote ye honour of ye Kings among ye people or ye people find out these refined ways of doing it & introduce them into Courts? Was it ye business \interest & {illeg}/ of ye p{illeg} people to cheat themselves into slavery by these {illeg} fals religions \such kinds of state policies/ or was it not not {sic} rather the interest business of ye court to do it? And Diodorus[34] tells us that {illeg} Belus brought colonies out of Egypt & instituted Priests there after ye manner of ye Egyptians. And do now you think \will you say/ that he \& his successors/ did not by these Priests introuce the Egyptian superstitions {illeg} & \{illeg}/ apply them to |t|his|eir| own family for establishing |t|his|eir| kingdom?

What Idolatry does your History tell you of in \among the/ Greeks before Phoroneus & Danaus kings of ye Argivi, & Cecrops & Theseus kings of Attica, & Cadmus king of Thebes \Epopeus king of the Sicyonij & the rest some others/ introduced it? And why did they introduce it but to deify their ancestors by applying to them ye ffables & worship of ye Egyptian Gods? For what else were the Gods of the Greeks but their ancient kings? And whence {illeg} \{illeg}/ came that And whence came ye apotheosis of ancient custome of ye ancient Greeks of calling \even/ their \living/ Kings ἰσόθεοι & ἰσα Θεω but from the \state/ polity of {illeg} placing {illeg} images raising their estimation among the people by an opinion of divinity?

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791)52900(677 47460 5440 4837 603 28

And all the Diet put into one & the same Box of Diet shall be of Plate of one & the same standard in fineness. And as often as the Diets And if any Plate shall be bespoken eleven ounces ten penny weight fine the same shall not be made \may be \then/ made of that fineness & not/ coarser upon the penalty aforesaid, & it shall be marked with                                                    & the Diet thereof shall be kept upon \in/ a Box \of Diet/ apart And as often as the Diets of the Goldsmiths of York, Bristol, Exeter, Norwich, Chester, & Newcastel have not been tried at the trial of the Pix of |ye| new coined moneys within two years before; the Assaymasters of those towns shall annually upon notice in writing from the Wardens of the \said/ Company of Goldsmiths or any three of them, bring or send their several Diets to the Hall of the said Company in London, to be there tryed by the Committee of the said Company at the same time & in the same manner with the Diet of the |sd| Company: all wch Diets shall be of one & the same standd

But \such/ Plate of eleven ounce ten penny weight fine \of this fineness of this fineness/ shall not be made \of this fineness/ unless

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became Tutor to the child & then travelled into Crete & Asia till the child grew up & brought back with him the Poem of Homer \suppose about the 21 or 22 Ol. & the public by his {Rams}/ suppose in about the or 22th Olympiad \suppose about the 22 Oymp [& this was/ in the reign of Agesilaus the son & successor of Dosissus or Doriagus in the other race of the kings of Sparta.] |& might be about the 22th Olympiad. And therefore Lycurgus & Agesillaus flourished a little after th published his laws a little after the 18th Olymp suppose in from the 18 \migh/ published {sic} his laws about the 22th Olympiad. Terpander| < insertion from lower down f 33v > [Editorial Note 13] & then travelled into Crete & Asia till the child grew up, & brought back with him the Poesy of Homer & published it in Greece, suppose about the 20 or 22th Olympiad, & soon after published his laws. Terpander was a Lyric Poet < text from higher up f 33v resumes > Torpender was a Lyric Poet & imitated Orpheus & Homer & sung his own verses & Homers & wrote the Laws of Lycurgus in verse & therefore flourished after Lycurgus had brought the Poesy of Homer \returned/ out of Asia & published it \his laws/ in Greece. He \This Poet/ was the first who distinguished the modes of Lyric \music/ by several names. And Ardalus & Clonas soon after did the {illeg} like for wind music. And from henceforward several eminent Musicians & Poets flourished in Greece unto perfection as Archilochus, Polymnestus, Thaletas, Xenodamus, Xenocritus, Sacadas, Tyrtæus, Tlesilla, Alcman, Arion, Stesichorus, Mimnermus, Alcæus, Sappho, Theognis, Anacreon, Pindar, by whom the Musick & Poetry of the Greeks was brought to its perfection.

Lycurgus published his laws in the reign of Agesilaus kin the son & successor of Dorissus or Doriagus \in/ the other race of the kings of Sparta From the return of the Heraclides – – – Olympiad as above.

When Lycurgus

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God \& altars for offering oyle & drink offering./ For as we build temples & set apart the places so its reasonable to beleive that the Ancients before they began to build \such/ temples set apart certain places for Gods worship & marked the places by erecting \only/ stones or altars. For when God had appeared to Iacob in Bethel \his way to Haran/ he Iacob said surely the lord is in this place & I knew it not. \How dreadful is this place./ This is none other but the house of God & this is the gate of heaven. And then to mark the place he took ye stone he had slept upon & set it up for a pillar & poured oyle upon it & called not only the stone but the whole place Bet & the adjacent city Bethel, that is the house of God & vowed that if he returned in peace that stone should be Gods house & he would there give the tenth of all he had to God. This offering of tenths shews that he set ye place apart \as {illeg} a P{rytanæū} as prophe as/ for Gods worship by \continual/ sacrifices \as in the temples or {prytanæa} /as in the prytaneum or temples of those days\/. ffor after his return he \went &/ dwelt there & built an altar to God \that is he built a prytaneum/. And indeed the pillar it self was nothing else then an altar for such things as could be offered upon it. ffor when Iacob \was/ returned thither & God appeared again to him, he set up another pillar \of stone/ & poured a drink offering & oyle upon it, & called ye place Bethel as before. Now Betyls the heathen Betyls being nothing else then {illeg} or Bethels were no doubt originally of the same kind with Iacobs \as the name imports/ & therefore they were at first nothing else then {illeg} marks of places set apart for Gods |ye| worship \of the true God/ & altars \set up/ for offer drink offerings & oyle to ye true God |offerings to him And these erecting such altars seems to have been in use from ye beginning. ffor such no doubt were the pillars of \erected by/ Hercules & Bacchus & from this practise the name Bætylus was given to Canaan & {illeg} to the stone which Rhea gave {illeg} Saturn instead of her son Iupiter.| But when the heathens began to worship fals Gods they abused these Bethels & made \feigned/ them \to be/ the houses or habitations of their fals Gods & made them the objects of their worship whence & so as to be animated by them as λίθους ἐμχύχους animated stones as Sanchoniatho calls them \that is animated by the souls of their Gods dwelling in them/, & made |on this ground \account/ they made| them the objects of their \{as they}/ worship. \These stones were Bethels were/ At {sic} first they were such rude stones as Iacob found in the feild but afterwards they gave them regular Geometrical figures forming them either a conically or b square or c Oval & at length & when men grew still better artists the {sic} shaped them like men & weomen & sometimes like bruit beasts. And this I take to be the true original of the worship of Idols. \For Porphyrius tells us / < insertion from the left margin of f 34v > Porphyrius tells us that Damascans a people of Arabia did every {illeg} /sacrifice\ a boy & bury him under the {altar} υπὸ βομὸν χρωνται ὡς ξοάνης where the under the altar, wch they worshipped as used {illeg} as a statue. This altar was therefore a Betyl. ffor < text from f 34r resumes > And because the nations turned this sort of Altars into Idols then Moses commands that ye great Altar should be made of unhewn stones.

Now{illeg} whilest the Heathens \Nations/ feigned the stars & elements \& columns/ & statues \& certain Beasts & Birds/ & other things to be inhabited by the souls of their Gods & by means of those souls to \be Gods &/ govern the world, they recconed that these things by their motions & other {illeg} \influen operations/ were significative of things to come & thence invented divers divinatory arts (as Astrology Augury \Haruspicine/ Necromancy, \Haruspicine conjuring/ Southsaying) by wch & ye crafty artifice of ye people Oracles \& figments of statues & columns fallen from heaven/ & such like tricks the superstition of ye people toward these Gods was extreamly increased & the whole world deceived. \I name conjuring because that seems to have had its rise from the practice of animating pillars & statues by certain forms of consecration/. And these were the heathen superstitions from wch Moses made a reformation.

Chap. III.
The History of the first Ages.

The passage in ye ℞ is to be thus mended. – et hujus sublimati partes tres cum dabus vitrioli abstrahantur \primum a/ {sic} duabus Vitrioli Deinde a plus cerussa \deinde a tribus vel quatuor cerussæ. Postea {illeg} de cerussa illa/ cum aqua pluvialia (addito si opus est aceto destillato q.s. sed præstat aceto non uti) extrahatur saccharum. Hac saccharum I have seen Mr Craigs new piece but had not time to read it. If yor friend should go into fflanders or any thing else should fall out so yt you cannot go to work this winter, what if you should spend ye winter here. About a fortnight since I was taken ill of a distemper wch has been here very common, but am now pretty well again.

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Gods: but the worship of statues was of a later date. |Bardesanes Symbol (cross surmounted by 3 circles arranged in a triangle) in text| < insertion from f 34r > Symbol (cross surmounted by 3 circles arranged in a triangle) in text For \g/[35] Bardesanes \who lived in the reign of the Emperor Marcus/ {illeg} tells us that the Taini & Saracens & those of the upper Lybya & the Moorers & inhabitants of the {illeg}|Mo|uth of ye Mediterranean Sea & those in ye further parts of Germany & in ye upper Sarmatia & Scythia & the nations on ye north of the Euxine Sea & those in all Alania & Albania, & Otenes Saunia & the golden {illeg} Chersonesus had neither Carver nor Painter nor Architect & by consequence neither Pictures nor images nor Temples but cōtented themselves with; such Prytanea as ye Persians used. < text from f 34v resumes > ffor the a[36] Romans worshipped them not till after ye reign of Numa \and the Greeks \not/ till the reign of Theseus king of Attica/ & Lucian tells us that anciently the temples not only amongst the Assyrians but also amongst the Egyptians were without Statues. So then Their original in {illeg} \Europe/ & Asia minor is thus described by Athenagoras. The Images of the Gods saith he were not so much as named until the \plastic arts or/ arts of forming images of clay, that of painting & that of making statues came into use were found out, by ye by \Saurias/ Saurias the Samian, Craton the Sicyonian & Cleanthes ye Corinthian & {sic} Core a Corinthian woman then flourishing. ffor Saurias found out the way of delineating {illeg} \by/ the shaddows of things, describing a horse by his shaddow in ye Sun; & Craton found out painting describing in a white table the shadows of a man & woman & Core found out the Coroplastick art describing for when she had described in a wall the shaddow (or picture of one whome she was in love with while he slept, she her father \who was a Potter,/ being delighted wth the exactness of likenes of ye draught piece, described it copied it & filled it out with clay. And this type \effigies/ is still kept conserved in Corinth. After these came Dædalus & Theodorus the Milesian & found out ye art of pl statuary & plastick arts. And so little a time is it since ye invention of Statues that we can recite even ye very names of the Artificers who made ye Gods. ffor the \old/ statue of Diana in Ephesus made of an olive tree & that old one of Minerva made of an olive tree & sitting were made by Endyus ye disciple \scholar/ of Dædalus. The Pythian Apollo is ye work of Theodorus & Telecles. The Delian Apollo & Diana of Idectæus & Angelion. The Iuno in Samos & Argos of Smilis. The rest of ye Statues were made by Phidias. Venus {illeg} Hetæra in Chydus was ye work of Praxelitis Praxiteles The Æsclapius in Epidaurus of Phydias. {illeg}|A|nd in short all statues every where were made by men. T So then there were \in those parts regions/ no Statues {illeg} in Temples before ye days \age/ of Dædalus who was contemporary to Minos king of Crete & {illeg} Theseus king of Athens. Yet by the sta golden calf & the Cherubims in the tabernacle \& the Images of Laban/ we find that ye Statuary art was grown to sufficient perfection |in the East| in Egypt \& Syria/ & ye {illeg} \before before/ the days of Moses, & ye images of Laban sh \Iacob/ c[37] Epiphanius tells us that Idol in the days of Serue ye son of Rehu Idolatry began in pictures & that T afterwards Thara the father of Abraham {was the first} {illeg} found out ye art of making \solid/ statues of clay & other materials & proposed them to be worshipped.

But the worship of Idols began first in rude stones. ffor Clemens tells us[38] that before the making of statues accurately the ancients erected columns & worshipped them as the statues of the Gods. And e[39] Pausanias \gives/ us some instances of rude{illeg} stones anciently worshipped by ye Greeks, one for ye statue of Hercules another for that of Cupid others for those of the Graces. \Symbol (obelus with 4 uprights) in text/ < insertion from the right margin of f 34v > Symbol (obelus with 4 uprights) in text And q[40] speaking of a \certain/ statue of Mercury he saith: Neare the statue of this God are \erected/ slmost 30 stones erected of a quadrangular figure {illeg} They worship each of them giving /calling\ them by certain names of the Gods. And {truly} it was ffor indeed anciently rude stones instead of {sic} instead of images were honoured \as for Gods/ by all the Greeks instead of Images p 10 < text from f 34v resumes > Such stones they worshipped also are at first in Syria calling them Bætyls & saith f[41] Damascius they dedicated several Bætyls to several Gods, the Saturn, Iupiter, \the Sun/ & others. And Cedrenus tells us that in ye age of Serach when statues \solid Images/ were not yet invented Men began to honour their ancestors with ἀνδριάσι στηλων with statues of columns & to adore them as Gods & sacrifice to them. \And such pillars as these Moses forbids in Levit. 26.1./ These stones columns see stones seem to have been \originally/ nothing else then marks of places set apart for ye worship of the true

<35r> <36v>

10,5)330411,8 0154 00491 00420 000711 000630 000081,8 000073,5 000007.30 (31467. 14. 0078∟6685 0078.13∟37 0078.13∟374 0078.13.4 0030.18.8 332389∟90(3165.6∟18. 0173 00688 000589 000064.9 00000190 00000085 00 79∟14045 3∟9570225 3.19∟14045 3.19.2 per Φ 00 33)645299.2 33)215199.7(19563.6 33)105 4800)391272. 4800)348909 4800)3981∟51.5 9781.16.0 33)17140″( 33)15713.333 33)17519.3939 4800) 0000 10387.878 01731.31313 002,16,41414 00 00 00 31467.140000000000000000000000000000 31656.03.7 63123.17.

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Alania, great Russia, Chersonesus, Dacia, Poland, Germany Denmark Sweden In Vntill the times of the Council of Constantinople A the Bishop of Cæsarea sent metropo bishops to the govern the Christians in [Albania Circassia Alania &] the region in the neigh regions of Caucasus & beyond it, the principal of wch regions was Alania up|se|ated upon the river Tanais: In & the bishop of Heraclea in Thrace did the like to ye Christians in great Russia & Chersonesus. ffor the Christian religion had been propagated into these regions by the Christians who in the times of persecution & particularly in the persecutions of Decius, Dioclesian & Maximinus had fled out ye Empire into those parts & continued in subjection to the Churches from wch they fled.

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About two years after the death of Codrus was the Ionic migration \into Asia/ under his sons Neleus & A\n/droclus \into Asia/, & about twenty \20 or 30/ years after [the cities of these colonies combined under an Amphictyonic Council for their common safety. * & these colonies built Miletus.] was an Amphictyonic \a {sic} common/ Council \called Panioniun/ set up over Panionia these new Colonies, now called Panionia & convened from the twelve cities Miletus, Myus, & Priene, Ephesus, Colophon, Lebedus, Teos Clazomenæ, Phocea, Samus, Chius & Erythrea. Herod. l. 1.

About two years after the death of Codrus was the Ionic migration {illeg} \into Asia/ under his son Neleus & \& who/ soon after \also was followed/ under his yonger {sic} sons Androchus & Cyaretus. And about 26 or 30 years after {illeg} his death, {illeg} these new colonies set up over them a common council called Panionium to which the \composed of/ Counsellours were sent from the twelve cities Miletus, Myus, Priene, Ephesus, Colophon, Lebedus, Teos, Clazomenæ,Phocea, Samus, Chius, & Erythrea.

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And the Ionic migration under the sons of Codrus \king of Athens/ might be about 3|1|86 years earlier [or \about/ 34 years after the return of the Heraclides,] & the death of Codrus about \twelve fifteen/ twenty years earlier \then that migration/ or about 14|6| years after the return of the Heraclides into Peloponnesus.

And the Ionic migration under the sons of Codrus \late/ king of Athens might be about 186 years earlier & the death of Codrus about twelve years earlier then that migration, or about 16 years after the return of the Heraclides into Peloponnesus.

And the Ionic migration under the sons of Codrus might be about ten or 15 years after their fathers death, at wch time they built Ephesus was built by Androclus the son of Codrus.

[Editorial Note 14]

So Arnobius: Tyrine Hercules in finibus sepultus Hispaniæ.

<38v>

Response
An Account of the Observations upon the Chronology of N|S|r I. Newton

Pharamund
X Claudian
Meroveus
Childric
Clovis X
ClothaireChildibert
Childibert \Churcart/Claudimer
ChilstericThierry
Clothaire
{illeg}
Dagobert.
Clovis
Clothaire
Childeric.
Thierry.
Clovis
Childebert
Dagobert
Chilsteric
Thierry
Childeric
Pepin
Charlemaine
Lud. Pius
Carolus
<40r>

the fables of ye Gods, have feigned that Apis the son of Phoroneus & Io his sister went into Ægypt & became the Apis & Isis of the Egyptians that is their Osiris & Isis. ffor the Egyptians worshipped Osiris in the Ox Apis & feigned that his soul resided in the Ox. So then Osiris, Isis, Apis & Bacchus \of the Egyptians/ in the opinion of the ancient Egyptians \Greeks/ were not above two generations older then Sesostris or Sesac, & by consequence they could not be older then the reign of David. \And if their wars & conquests suit not with his reign nor with Solomons they must be those of Sesac in the reign of Rehoboam./ //|9.| And yet the fabling Egyptians have made them older then the world, feigning that when ye great men of Egypt in the history of their Gods who shared the whole earth between them {over} 9000 years ago |their Gods 9000 years before the Neptune the father of Atlas, Vulcan, Minerva the wars of their Gods who days of Solon| shared the earth (that is the Egyptian Empire) between themselves \& that in the history of the wars of those Gods/ mention was made of many Greeks as Cecrops Erechtheus Erechthonius Eripichthon & others who|se| names resem resembled theirs who \flourished/ long after flourished in the times next before Theseus, & |yt| \in the same wars/ the habit & statue of Pallas (the foundress of \Sais &/ Athens) was also \there/ described in those {men} \the weomen in those days warring wth ye men/ & in the division of the earth between the Gods the Island Atlantes \(a part of which (seated at the straits mouth) was called Gador)/ was said to have fallen \fell/ to ye lot of Neptune the father of \who left it to his son/ Atlas. But Homer lets us know that the Calypso the daughter of Atlas reigned \there in/ the times of the Trojan war; & therefore the wars of the Gods of Egypt in the days of her grandfather were \being/ but two generations before older, must fall in with the wars of \wch/ Sesostris & his p|P|rinces made upon the earth. Homer places Calypso in the Island Ogygian island 18 or 20 days sail westward from the island Pheacia or Coryra. And so many days sail Gades \or Gadin/ is from Corcyra, recconing wth the ancients a thousand stadia to a days sail. Her grandfather Neptune had several children who were \either/ Argonauts \or contemporary to them/ & he with Apollo (that is \or/ Orus the son of Osiris) built the walls of Troy in the days of Laomedon the father of Priamus.

10 The great Bacchus loved two weomen Venus & Ariadne. Venus was |the mistress of Anchises wch| the|and| mother of Æneas \both wch lived till the destruction of Troy/, & two of the sons of Bacchus & Ariadne were Argonauts. This Bacchus was potent at sea, conquered eastward as far as India, brought his army over the Hellespont, conquered Thrace & killed \killed Lycurgus the king thereof & killed also/ Pentheus the son of Echion the of ye contemporarie|y|s of Cadmus |&| gave the kingdom of Lycurgus to Tharops, & one of his minstrells called by the Greeks Calliope to Oeagrus the son of Tharops & of Oeagrus & Calliope was born Orpheus who sailed with the Argonauts in his youth. And by all these arguments this Bacchus was \but/ one generation older then the Argonauts & so \was/ contemporary to Sesostris or Sesak; & both being kings of Egypt & potent at sea & great conquerors & carrying their conquests into India & Thrace they must be one & the same man, &. And the same thing is to be said of Osiris. He The Egyptians relate that he was king of all Egypt & a great conquerour & subdued Thrace & there killed Lycurgus & therefore his expedition falls in wth that of Bacchus. Osiris Bacchus & Sesostris were all of them \by the relation of historians/ kings of \all/ Egypt at \& reigned about/ ye same time & were very potent by land & sea: All three were great conquerors, & conquered the same regions, & carried on their conquests by land \thro' Asia/ as far as India. a|A|ll three came over the Hellespont & were there in danger of losing their army: All three conquered Thrace & there put a stop to their victories & returned back from thence into Greece Egypt.: & all three left pillars wth inscriptions in their conquests: & therefore they must be one & the same king of all Egypt, & this king can be no other then Sesak. All Egypt including Thebais, Æthiopia & Libya had no common king before the expulsion of ye Shepherds, no conqueror of Syria India Asia & Europe before Sesak. |The sacred history admits of no Egyptian conqueror of Phenicia Palestine before this king.|

11 The Greek {sic} reccon Osiris & Bacchus to be the sons of Iupiter, & the Egyptian name of Iupiter is Ammon. – – – – – – – & all three one & ye same king wth Sesak.

12 The lower part of Egypt being yearly overflowed

<41r> < insertion from the left margin >

Et vice rectæ HX duci potest rec per punctum I recta ipsi BD parallela.

< text from f 41r resumes >

Hypermnestra the daughter of Danaus Priestess of Iuno Argiva.

1 Phemonoe. Callithyia

*

3 Alcinoe in tertia ante Troica ætate

5 Elometa Eurysthei filia.

4 Hypermnestra Danai filia

5 Admeta Eurysthai filia.

6 Cydippe.

7 Chrysis

8 Phainis

[Editorial Note 15]

The first Priestess of this Goddess was Phemonoe Callithyia the daughter of Pirasus or Piranthus [& grand-daughter of Argus & Euadne the son of Niobe & grandson of Phoroneus] called Criasus by Castor. And Pirasus was the son of Argue the son \& grandson the son or brother of/ of {sic} Niobe the daugher of Phoroneus. Callithyia was succeeded by Alcinoe about three generations (or 100 years) before the taking of Troy, that is about the middle of {illeg} Solomons reign. In her days the Siculi passed out of Italy into Sicily. After her was \Then/ Hypermnestra the son \daughter/ of Danaus \became/ Priestess of this Goddess. & then Admeta the daughter of Eurytheus. She flourished in the times next before the Argonautic expeditiō And Admeta the daughter of Eurystheus was |her| Priestess \of this Iuno/ about the times of the Trojan war.

<41v> < insertion from the left margin of f 41v >

In pag. 19. l. 11. after the words Lemmate XXIII, add the words ejusqꝫ Corollina

Pag. 22 l. 15 for hujus ætatis write ætatis novissimæ

Pag. 25 l. 6 from ye bottom; after corpus B add quiescens.

Pa Pag. 23. lin 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 may stand.

Pag. 23. lin 32. for corpus B put corpus B quiescens

Pag. 24. lin. 32. for in write In

< text from f 41v resumes >

where Phemonoe became Priestess of Apollo & gave aswers {sic} in

Bochart \(in Canaan l 1. c 15)/ deduces them from Palestin & thinks that that they had the name of Curetes from the people among the Philistims call {sic} Crethim \or Cerethites/ Ezek. XXV.16 Zeph. 11.5, 6. 1 Sam. XXX.14, 16.

And so Curtius lib. 5: Semiramis eam condiderat, vel ut pleriqꝫ credidere Belus, cujus regia ostenditur And b[42] Abydenus Fama est Babylonem Belum mœnibus cinxisse, quæ cum tempus abolerisset, nova mœnia struxisse Nebuchadonosorum. And Abydenus Ferunt, inquit, [loca hæc omnia jam inde ab initio aquis obruta fuisse, marisqꝫ nomine appellata: verum suam singulis regionem &c] Belum Babylonem mœnibus cinxisse ac deinceps mortalium oculis ereptum esse: postea vero Βηλον Βαβυλονα τείχει περιβαλειν τω χρόνω δὲ ἰχνευμένω ἀναφανεσθαι ἀφανισθηναι. τειχάσο() δε ἀυθις Ναβουχοδονοσορον &c Belum, ferunt, Babylonem, muro mœnibus cinxisse, eoqꝫ tempus \quæ tempora/ abo{illeg}lita fuessint\runt/, & Nebuchadonosorum \deinceps/ nova mœnia æneis portis distincta struxisse quæ ad usqꝫ Macedonum imperium steterunt. Euseb. Præp. l. 9

<42r>

excepting that the Marbles make things a little to anci

But the Marbles Greeks had corrupted their Chronology before the Marbles were made, &|so| as to add to the antiquity of all things done before the wars of ye Persians against the|m| Greeks. And therefore I would {illeg} a little diminish the antiquities se the war against Cyrrha may \have/ be|en| put a little later suppose an 2|1| Olyp. {sic} 51|2| & the massage {sic} of Crœsus to the Oracle at Delphos may be an 1 1 Olymp 58. & the expulsion of the sons of Pisistratus an. 1 Olymp. 68 or bef{ore} And suitably to these recconings the Legislature of Draco might \may/ bee in the 50 Olympiad, that of Solon in the 54th Olympiad & the death taking of Sardes by Cyrus in the 59th Olympiad The first annual Archon of Athens in the {illeg}|48|th Olympiad. The fir And The first decennial Archon of Athens about 30 or 40 years before, some of these Archons dying in their regency. And the Ionic migration under the conduct of the sons of Codrus 18 \or 20/ years before the Olympiads, & the death of Codrus 6|5| or {8}|10| years before that migration

And therefore the war against Cyrrha may have been a little later suppose an. 1. Olymp. 53 & the message of Crœsus to the Oracle at Delphos an. 1 Olymp 58 & the expulsion of the sons of Pisistratus an 1. Olymp. 69. And suitably to these recconings the Legislature of Draco may have been in the 51 Olympiad, that of Solon in the 55th Olympiad & the taking of Sardes by Cyrus in the 59th Olymp. The first annual Archon of Athens in the 49th Olymp. The first decennial Archon in the 39th Olymp. \or not long before, some of the 7 Archons dying in their regency./ The death of Codrus was \may have been/ about 25|30| or 3|4|0 years before the Olympiads. And the Ionic migration about \under the sons of Codrus scarce above within/ 5 or 10 years after his death.

Diodorus tells us that the Egyptians sent many colonies out of Egypt into other countries & that Belus the son of Neptune & Libya carried colonies thence into Babylonia & seating himself on Euphrates instituted Priests free from Taxes & publick expences after the manner of Egypt, who were called Chaldæans & who after the example of the Priests of Egypt might & Astronomers of Egypt might observe the starrs. By calling him the son of Neptune he is here represented a seaman like Oannes; \/ < insertion from f 42v > &|A|nd by his being King of Egypt & Lord of Chaldea & \{illeg} & that/ & celebrated by the name of \whom they {illeg} called/ Belus \who was/ the son of Neptune & Libya, he can be no other then [the [Busiris or Osiris of the Egyptias {sic}. For Eusebius tells us that Busiris king of E{gypt} was the son of Neptune & Libya. Hereby it appears w \And the daughter of Epaphus/ & Apollodorus tha{t} Busiris king of Egypt was the son of Neptune & Libyanassa the daughter of Epaphus. And hereby it appears & that Belus king of Egypt was the son of of {sic} Neptune & Libya & father of Ægyptus & Danaus] Ammon or Sesac. For Apollodorus tells us that Belus the son of Neptune & Libya & king of Egypt was the father of Ægyptus & Ammon Danaus, & this Belus was Ammon. He tells us also that Busiris king of the son of Neptune & Lyb Lisianassa [lege Libyanassa] the daughter of Epaphus was king of Egypt: & Eusebius calls this king Busiris the son of Neptune & Libya the daughter of Epaphus: & here by Busiris they seem to mean Osiris. Ammon went not out of Egypt, & therefore the Bel{us} who \carried colonies colonies {sic} into Chaldea &/ seated himself upon Euphrates & must be Osiris. And hereby it appe{ars} why \the Chaldeans made/ Oannes older then the flood of Xixuthrus: for the Egyptians made Ammon & Sesac as old. So then Astronomy, Letters, Agriculture, \Architecture/ cohabitation in cities & erecting of temples to the dead were carried into Chaldea by the fleets of Edom \Edomites who fled by sea from David/ & Egypt \in the days of David & Solomon, that is/ about the same time time {sic} that those \ye same things/ came from the same countries into Libya Asia minor & Europe. In Persia they erected no Temples to the Gods before till above 500 years after these days.

By his being the son of Neptune he was a seaman like Oannes. By his being the Belus of the Chaldeans & the son of Neptune & Libya & a king of Egypt he can be no other then \wch carried Colonies \thence/ into Chaldea he must be either/ Ammon or Sesac. {illeg} /For\ Apollodorus & this was in the days of David & Solomon. < text from f 42r resumes > & by his calling him \being king of Egypt & the Chaldean Belus &/ the son of Neptune & Libya, he is Busiris or Osiris. ffor Eusebius lets us know that Busiris king of Egypt was the son of Neptune & Libya. And hereby it appears why the Chaldeans made Osiris \Oannes/ older then the flood of Xixuthrus: for the Egptians made Osiris as old. So then Astronomy Letters agriculture & Architecture were carred into Chaldea by the fleets of Edom & Egypt in the days of David & Solomon |about the same time that they came from the same fountain into Libya Asia minor & Europe.|

[Editorial Note 16]

Draco makes laws Olym. 50. 1. Phidon overthrown.

The Amphictyons by ye advice of Solon make war upon ye Cyrrheans & take Cyrrha Olym. 53. 2

Solon makes laws. Olymp. 54. 2. Solon dyes Olymp. 39.

<43r>

– the beginning of his reign

Astyages a[43] married his daughter Mandanes to Cambyses a Persian & of them was born Cyrus & after he \& of them was born ✝ Cyrus/ < insertion from the right margin of f 43r > ✝ who being grown up commanded the armies of the Medes & Persians & after various warrs first overcame Crœsus King of Lydia < text from f 43r resumes > \[When Astyages had/ had {sic} reigned 35 years he was b[44] succeeded by his son Cyaxeres who in \& Cyaxares neare/ ye beginning of his reign sent to A Cambyses for assistance against the Assyrians \who reigned at Babylon –/ & Cambyses thereupon sent his Son Cyrus wth an army to \thereupon Cyrus received an army of his ffather & went with it {illeg} to |ye| Media|es| | Cambyses sent Cyrus with an army to the Medes/ the [Medes. {illeg} This was the beginning of the actions of Cyrus & so may be recconed {illeg} the beginning of the 30 years reign of Cyrus {illeg} attributed to Cyrus \him/ by the Greeks, thô Cyrus \he/ was not yet king of Persia but warred under Cyaxeres kings of the Medes & Persians. [In these his warrs he vanquished Crœsus King of Lydia & addded his kingdom (wch was a rich & flourishing one) to that of ye Medes, And then] ffor Chronologers by common consent reccon that he began his reign in Persia, (vizt upon his first receiving an army there from his ffather \that is began to command the Army,/) An. 1 Olymp. 95. Iul. Per. 4155 in Spring & reigned full thirty years & died or was slain in spring an. I. P. 4185.] Neare In his warrs he first subdued overcame |& \Cyrus/ in the ensuing warrs who {illeg} commanding|ed| the armies of the Medes & Persians & after various warrs overcame| Crœsus king of ye Lydians & thereby added all Asia minor to ye kingdom of the Medes & Persians. For Crœsus reigned at Sardes over all Asia minor on this side the river Halys except Cilicia & Lycia & his kingdom was rich & flourishing as well as potent & large & potent. Afterwards in the 17th year of Labynitus Nabonedus Cyrus {commanded} Babylon led the Army into Babylon of ye Medes & Persians into Babylonia & then \beat the Nabonassus \the Babylonians in battel// army of the Kings of beseiged Babylon & \took it/ either that year or ye next {sic} |At that time Nabonedus reigned in Babylon. Herodotus calls him Labynitus the son of Labynitus & Nitocris King & Q|ueen| of Babylon & by Labynitus the father understands that king of Babylon \by/ whose meanes peace was made between Abattes king of Lydia & Cyaxeres king of the Medes presently after the great Eclips predicted by Thales that is the great Nebuchadnezzar. In the 17 year of Nabonidus ye son, Cyrus invaded Babylonia, beat ye army of the Babylonians & beseiged Babylon & took it either that year or the next| (Ier. 51.46) ( in Summer (v. 39) in ye time of a ffeast when ye Babylonians were dissolute & in drink (Herod. l. 1 Z|X|en. Cyrop. l 7 Ier. 51.39, 57) by diverting the river Euphrates & entring the City through ye emptied Channel (Herod. l. 1. Xenophon Cyrop. l 7.) & by consequence after midsummer. ffor ye river – – – – – designe in execution.

In Cy-a|A|xeres \or Achsu\e/rus/ left his throne to his son Darius {illeg} \Dan 11.1./ either [before ye taking of Babylon or soon after] & Darius left it to Cyrus who being born in Persia & educated in Persia \of a Persian ffather/ set the Persians above ye Medes. Herodotus ends the reign of the Kings of the Medes wth ye|t| Death of Astyages but it's more agreable to Scripture to continue them \it/ (wth /as\ Xenophon \& Iosephus doe/) till after the taking of Babylon. ffor Babylon was invaded & taken by the Medes Isa. 13.17          & the King wch then reigned \& invaded Babylon/ is called king of ye Medes Ier. 51.11, 28 & the Medes were till that time \after the taking of Babylon/ placed before ye Persians Dan 5.28 & 6.8, 12, 15 And Darius the Mede the son of Achsuerus of the seed of the Medes reigned over Babylon before Cyrus Dan       & governed the kingdom be |Which argues that Cyrus did not yet reign over the Medes but only led their armies. against Babylon.| treated the Babylonians Chaldeans as a conquered people governing them by the \forreign/ laws of the Medes & Persians Dan. 6.       wch argues that Darius was King of the

<43v>

Herodotus Ctesias & the Author of Bel & ye Dragon make Cyrus the immediate successor of his Grandfather Astyages \in the kingdom of the Medes/, Daniel makes him the \immediate/ successor of Darius the son of Achsuerus of the seed \of the Medes/ or|th|at is of the race of their kings And Xenophon makes Cy-Axeres or Achswerus the son & successor of Astyages. Whence there seems to have been two \six/ kings of the Medes between Astyages & Cyrus. ffor Dejoces, Praortes, Cy-Achswerus, Astyages, Cy-Achswerus & Darius. ffor Darius & Cyrus being being 62 years old when he took the kingdom of the Chaldees was contem might well be the grandson of Astyages, being contemporary to Cyrus.

Cyrus therefore took Sardes & Babylon in \during/ the reign of the Medes \before/ ffor Babylon was destroyed by a nation out of the North (Ier 50.3, 9, 41) by the Kings \& captains & rulers/ of the Medes (Ier 51.11, 28 by the kingdoms of Ararat Minni & Ashchenaz (Ier 51.27) \by the Medes (Isa 13.17, 19)/ by the Kings of the Medes & the captains & rulers thereof & all the land of his Dominions (Ier. 51.11, 28) And accordingly Daniel \(chap. 5)/ told Belshasser that his kingdom was betw divided (from him) & given to the Medes & Persians, first to ye Medes under Darius & who the Mede who after Belshazzer tooke was slain took ye kingdom being about 62 years old, & then to the Persians under Cyrus & his successors. And the Angel tell told Daniel \(chap. 10.20 & 11.1)/ that he went forth \returned/ to fight with ye Price {sic} of Persia, for when he was gone forth the Prince of Greece should come & the {illeg} that in the first year of Darius the Mede he stood to confirm & to strengthen him, that is \he stood/ to assist him \Darius/ in conquering ye kingdom of Babylon as he was \should/ afterwards to assist Alexander the great in conquering the kingdom of Persia. And this is further confirmed by the laws by which Darius reigned over Babylonia. ffor \{reig}/ he governed them not by the \preserved not the laws of the Babylonians but/ introduced the \immutable/ laws of the conquering nations the Medes & Persians (Dan 6.8, \12/ 15) & the Medes in his reign are set before the Persians \(Dan. ib. & 5.28)/ as the the {sic} Persians were afterwards set before the Medes (Esther 1.3, 14, 18, 19) wch shews that Cyrus & the Persians \warred under Darius &/ reigned not over the Medes till after his \the/ death of Darius of Darius but warred under him at ye taking of Babylon. And therefore Xenophon (who he {illeg} wrote ye life of Cyrus after ye manner of a Romance yet he was not mistaken in having learnt some things concerning Cyrus made out all the rest so as to feigned all the rest so as to write \his life/ as particularly as if he had lived in his court) was not mistaken in producing the reign of the \Kings of the/ Medes till after the {illeg} conquest of Babylon by Cyrus, & making Cyrus king of neither Media nor Persia till after that conquest but only the Commander of their armies \of those nations/ under their kings. But Cyrus \by his victories/ having made himself \more/ famous \then other Kings/ by his victories & the Greeks D 1 Cyrus being more known to ye Greeks {illeg} s the by \And if/ many of the Greeks he might be \have/ recconed \him/ king of those nations from ye time that he \first/ led their armies before, it was because \Cyrus \he/ was most known to them &/ in those early ages {illeg} the name of King was usually given to all leaders \by the Greeks to every head Commander/ of |an| armies|y|.

This Darius the Mede (not the father of Xerxes but another earlier king) \{illeg}/ coyned a great number of \four pur square/ pieces of pure gold called Darics or Stateres Darici weighing each worth eight \twenty/ Attic drachms of silver & \& five of them worth a pound of silver. & he/ was the first King of the Medes or Persians who coyned such money. They had ye Effigies of Darius on one side & an Archer on the other. The following kings of Persia coyned only silver money. See Brissonius de Regn. Pers. Lib 11. pag 277, 278. The occasion of this coynage seems to have been the {illeg} example of the Kings of Lydia conquered by the Medes & Persians. ffor they \the Lydians/ coyned money before the Medes invaded them, & being very rich might not only teach their conquerers the art & use of money but also supply them with gold. Whence it's probable that they were conquered by Cyrus in the reign of Darius.

<44r>

Persians as well as of the Medes &that Cyrus only commanded his armies

After Cyrus had taken Babylon he made some other war

|For| The {sic} antiquity of these institutions appears \by the names & founders of the cities of Egypt & also/ by the ancient fable of the Egyptian Gods being me hiding themselves \at ye death of Osiris from the Gyants/ in the shapes of various beasts in the warr of ye Giants upon the death of Osiris \at at the death of Osiris/ the father of Hermes & also by the names & founders of the cities of Egypt. ffor in Egypt only among all the countries in the word {sic} sa |in wch shapes they were afterwards worshipped \by the Egyptians/ ffor whereas the Gods are by Homer & the Mythologists accounted to be born out of the Ocean Diodorus tells us that the \Egyptians account their/ Nile is|to| |be| that| Ocean. ffor in Egypt only, saith he, among all the countries in the world are many cities built by the ancient Gods, as by Iupiter Sol Mercury Apollo Pan Elithia & many others. Diodor l. 1. c. 1. It appears also by the ancient fable of the Gods hiding themselves from the Giants in the shapes of various beasts at the death of Osiris the father of Hermes in wch shapes they were afterwards worshipped by the Egyptians.

[45]Bella canit superum.

[Editorial Note 17] <44v>

Iosephus (Antiq. l.    ) makes Babylon overthrown by Darius King of ye Medes & Cyrus of Persia.

– the beginning of his reign.

Astyages married his daughter Mandanes to Cambyses a Persian & of them was born Cyrus who leading the armies of the Medes & Persians conquered the Kingdoms of Lydia \Sardes/ & Babylon. By the first conquest he added – large & potent.

About 40 or 50 years before \the overthrow of Crœsus/ the Medes had invaded this kingdom & after five years warr uppon a great eclips of ye Sun wch was predicted by Thales & appeared in the \darkened the day/ turned day into night in the time of a battel, they made peace by the meanes of Labynitus king of Babylon as Herodotus relates. This Labynitus was \the great/ Nebuchadnezzar |as is manifest by the {ti}me of ye action|. And in the reign of another Labynitus the son of this Labynitus & Nitocris an eminent Queen of Babylon, Cyrus invaded Babylon \(as Herodotus also relates)/ in the 17th year of his reign Cyrus invaded Babylonia routed the army of Labynitus beseiged Babylon & took it – execution. |This Labynitus is by Iosephus called Nabonidus & Naboandel & said to be Balthazaar the son of {Nebuchadnezzar} \Some reccon Laboasardach the/ predecessor of Labynitus to have been Belhassar but he was a child when he reigned whereas Balhasar was born before the 5t year of Zedekiah (Baruch 1.11, 12) & therefore was above 3{illeg}|3| years old at the death of {illeg} & {illeg} \Nebuchadnezzer./|

Labynitus about this time took

Herodotus Ctesias & the author of Bel & ye Dragon {illeg} \& most of the Greeks/ make Cyrus the immediate successor of his Grandfather Astyages: according to wch recconing the dominion of the Medes must have ceased before the taking of Sardes & Babylon. And yet by the scriptures tis certain that ye Medes reigned till after the taking of Babylon \as Xenophon also writes/. ffor Babylon was destroyed by a nation out of the north (Ier 50.3, 9, 41) by the kingdoms of Ararat Minni & Ashchenaz, (Ier. 51.27) by the Medes (Isa 13.17, 19) by the kings of the Medes & the capttains {sic} & Rulers thereof & all the land of his dominion (Ier 51.11, 28) & Darius the Mede reigned of over Babylon before the kingdom came to Cyrus the Persian (Dan.      ) {illeg} The kingdom of Belthasar was divided from hi \broken/ & given to ye Medes & Persians (Dan      ) first to the Medes under Darius & then to the Persians under Cyrus & his successors. ffor Belthasar making a great feast was slain that night & Darius the Mede took the Kingdom (Dan 5.31 & 6.28) & governed & reigned like a conqueror for he preser observed not the laws of the Babylonians but \like a conqueror/ introduced the \forreign/ laws of the conquering \reigning/ nations the Medes & Persians (Dan 6.8, 12, 15) & the Medes in his reign are set before the Persians (Dan ib & 5.28 \& 8.20/) as the Persians were afterwards in the reign of Cyrus & his successors set before the Medes (Dan 10.1, 20 & 11.2 & Esther 1.3, 14, 18, 19)

Darius was therefore king of the Medes & by the assistance of Cyrus conquered Babylon & this is \further/ confirmed by ye Angel who told Daniel that he would return to fight with the Prince of Persia for when he was gone forth the Prince of Greece should come, & that \{illeg}/ in ye first year of Darius the Mede he stood to confirm & to strengthen him (Dan. 10.20 & 11.1) that is to say he assisted the Med \& strengthened/ Darius in the conquest of Babylon as he should \was/ afterwards \to/ assist Alexander ye great in the conquest of Persia.

By the conquest \After {illeg} Vpon the Vpon the/ overthrow of the Kingdom of Babylon Daniel under in ye first year of Darius understood \by books/ the number of years whereof the word of ye Lord came to Ieremiah that he would acomplish 70 years in ye desolations of Ierusalem Dan 9.2. ffor upon ye overthrow of that kingdom the Iews were to be released Ier 24.12.

Iosephus tells us that Cyrus king of the Medes \Persians/ & Darius king of the Medes made war upon Belthasar \in ye 17th year of his reign/ & {illeg} that Belthasar while Babylon was beseiged by them Belthasar made a great feast & saw ye hand-writing upon ye wall wch Daniel interpreted to him, & then the city was taken. in ye 17 year of Belthasar. Ioseph. Antiq. l 10. c 12.

Xenophon makes \writes that/ Cyaxes \was/ the son & successor of Astyages king of the Medes & continues that kingdom till after the taking of Babylon &

Xenophon writes that Astyages left his son Cyaxeres his successor in ye kingdom of the Medes to his son Cyaxares & that Cyrus only led the Armies of Media & Persia against Babylon & was not king of either nation till after ye taking of Babylon & that he entred Babylon through the river in the night of a great feast when the Babylonians were in drink & slew the king of Bablylon {sic} the same night. Xenophon produces ye reign of Cayxires to ye taking of Babylon, B|b|ut Daniel tells us that \the king of the Medes who then reigned was/ Darius the son of <44r> {Achswerus} that is of Oxyares {illeg} or Cy-Axeres. So that there were six kings of the Medes before Cyrus naml|e|ly Dejoces, Pharaortes, Cy-Achswerus, Astyages Cy-Achswerus & Darius. ffor Darius might well be the grandson of Astyages being contemporary to Cyrus.

This is that Darius who coyned a great number of square pieces of pure gold called Daricts each worth or stares Darici. each worth 20 Attic Drachms \of silver/ & five of them worth a pound weight of silver ffor these were coyned not by the father of Xerxis but by an earlier Darius, the first king of the Medes or Persians who coyned such money. They had ye Effigies of Darius on one side & an Archer on ye other & were of the same value with the Attic \stater or/ piece of gold money \weighing 2 Attic drachms/ or |with| 20 Attic drachms of silver. Its probable that in his reig the Medes borrowed \he learnt/ ye art & use of money from the rich Kingdom Crœsus \whom he/ conquered by Cyrus in his reign. ffor the conquered kingdō of the Lydians, {illeg} & coyned their which was /& coyned their gold. ffor they were exceeding rich.\ See Brissonius de Regn. Pers. Lib. 11. pag. 277, 278.

In those early ages the name of Kings was usually given more common then at present \being given to \comm{illeg}anders of armies & Viceroys so that inferior Princes//. & \So that/ The Kings of Persia stiled the|i|mselv|f|es the King of Kings & the great King \& the great King./ & i|I|n this sence Cy the Greeks might call Cy reccon Cyrus \might be recconed/ a king from the time that he first began to command ye army of the Medes & Persians. And this might make him accounted give occasion to \many of/ the Greeks to reccon him the immediate successor of Astyages in the throne of Media, tho he was king only under ye two next kings untill \tho he succeeded not reigned not till after the/ the {sic} taking of Babylon & death of Darius. Then he succeeded in the throne \of the kingdom/ & set the Persians above the Medes & from that time \(saith Xenophon)/ spending the seven winter months at Babylon the three spring months at Susa & the two winter months at Ecbatane he came the seventh time into Persia & there died. Xenophon Cyrop. l. 8.

By the Canon & consent of all Chronologers he \Cyrus/ died in spring the year of Nabonassar 218 & therefore \since he reigned seven years he/ succeeded Darius in the year 211. And \by/ this consider \thereby/ it may be understood how Daniel continued \(or lived)/ to ye first year of Cyrus (Dan 1.21) & yet prophesied in the 3d year of ye same king, Dan 10.1. ffor ye year 212 was the first year of Cyrus alone & his third year in common wth Darius. ffor as the Iews recconed the reign of Nebuchadnezzar from ye|his| conquest of Iudea in the life time of his father, so they might sometimes reccon the reign of Cyrus from his conquest of Babylon in the life time of |King| Darius, & so Ptolomy reccons it in his Canon.

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Manetho tells us that Ægyptus & Danaus (\whom ye Greeks reccon/ the sons of Belus or Iupiter) were St|e|thosis & Armais & that Sethosis having forces by sea & land & sea left the governmt of Egypt to his brother Armais while he invaded & conqured Cyprus, Phœnicia, Media Persia & other nations. Whence its plain that this Sesostris Sethosis was ye same conqueror with Sesostris & lived lived in the age of Cadmus the son of Agenor after Agenor the reputed brother of Belus & father of Cadmus.

From the Greeks receiving Agenor to be the brother of Belus the Egyptian Belus I {illeg} seem to collect that Belus was king of Egypt when Cadmus came into Europe that is in the

|By Belus we {illeg} I understand Iupiter Ammon. For|

Whom the Phœnicians \Syrians & Babylonians/ call Belus |&| the Europeans call Iupiter & the Egyptians |call| Ammon. And thence I seem to gather that when Cadmus Ammon was king of Egypt when Cadmus {illeg} \came/ into Europe.

The Greeks {thus} recon Ægyptus & Danaus \are by ye Greeks recconed/ among ye sons of \this/ Belus [& \therefore they flourished after ye coming of Cadmus into Europe./ Manetho tells us that Ægyptus & Danaus were the Sethosis & Armais & that Sethosis having forces by sea & land left ye government of Egypt to his brother Armais while he invaded & conquered Cyprus Phenicia Media, Persia & other Nations.] & therefore they flourished in ye after the coming of Cadmus into Europe Whence its plain that Sethosis was the same conqueror with Sesostris. Had the wars of Ses The Greeks have recorded \transmitted to posterity/ many things concerning the wars & actions of Sesostris, |all| wch they could not have done \must have been forgotten/ /they could not have done\ \all wch must have been forgotten/ had those warrs been ancienter then ye use of letters brought in by Cadmus. And therefore Sesostris flourished between |reigned after ✝| < insertion from f 45v > ✝ reigned after the days of Samuel, [Herodotus saw some of Sesostris his pillars erected in Palestine in memory of his conquering that country.] & by consequence after the Days of David & Solomon. For Herodotus saw some of Sesostris his Pillars erected in Palestine in memory of his conquering that country, & this \such a conquest/ cannot agree to the warlike & victorious reign of David nor to the peaceable & flourishing reign of Solomon, nor is there any mention of an invasion of Iudea by the Egyptians in the days of ye Iudges or at any time before ye fift year of R{illeg}ehoboam. But n Nor could {illeg} it be long after: for all antiquity make Sesostris older then the Trojan war; & the ship Argo was I reccon him a little oder then Argonautic expedition because \the Greeks built/ the Ship Argo was built in imitation of the long ship in wch Danaus sail upon the return of Egyptus or Sethosis into Egypt sailed with his 50 daughters to Greece. Sethosis therefore returned into Egypt about 10 or 20 years before ye Argonautic Expedition that is about 50 years before the Tre & by consequence invaded the nations in the reign of Rehoboam, & so can be no other king then Sesak.

Well therefore doth Iosephus[46] affirm that Herodotus ascribes to Sesostris the actions of Sesak & particularly his invasion & conquest of Iudea erring only in ye name of ye King. Which is all one as to say that Sesak was that conqueror whom Herodotus calls Sesostris. < text from f 45r resumes > the coming of Cadmus & the Argonautic Expedition. ffor all antiquity make Sesostris older yn ye Trojan war, & |into Europe ✝. All Antiquity make him older yn ye Trojan war & I reccon him older a little older then the Argonautic expedition because| the Greeks made \built/ ye ship Argo in imitation of ye long ship in wch Danaus sailed into Greece & after \upon/ the return of Ægyptus or Sethosis into Ægypt sailed wth his \50/ daughters to Greece. So then Sethosis or Sesostris lived in ye age of Solomon & Rehoboan {sic} & therefore can be no other king then Sesak.

We are told in Scripture that Sesak – – – – answers to it. Sesostris in memory of his victories set up pillars in ye conquered countries wth the genitalls of a man if ye conquered people beh resisted & behaved themselves valiantly, otherwise wth ye genitals of a woman & Herodotus tells us that he saw \there were/ pillars in Iudea wth the genitals of a woman. & th Iudea therefore submitted with little or no resistance & this cannot agree to the warlike & victorious reign of David nor to the flourishing & peaceable reign of Solomon. But th Nor is there any mention of an invasion of Egypt by Iudea by the Egyptians in the times of the Iudges before or at any time before the 5t year of Se Rehoboam Then but in that year Sesak came out of Egypt wth an army of Libyans Troglodites & Ethiopians wch had been subdued before & subdued Iudea & the kingdoms of the ea\r/th the Iews submitting & thereby preserving their king & government. Well therefore doth Iosephus[47] affirm that Herodotus ascribes to Sesostris the actions of Sesak & particularly his invasion & conquest of Iudea erring only in the name of ye king. Which is all one as to say that Sesak was that king \conqueror/ whom Herodotus erroneously calls Sesostris.

[Editorial Note 18]

Menes was the first of ye kings who reigned at The Memphys: Let us first give an acct of ye kings who \those before him/ reigned at Thebes, & their history is as follows.

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– – – Volcanus, the God of Canaan

Cinyras having been very beneficial to the kings of Egypt \in their wars/ by making them armour, was after his death honoured by them wth a very sumptuous Temple built at Memphys by Memnon, & adorned with magnificent Porticos by following kings. And on ye south side of this Temple the Egyptians \was/ built a smaller Temple to his Venus, whom the Egyptians called Venus hopsita because she was a forreigner. Herodotus The Priests told Herodotus that Venus hospita was Hellena. But \if/ Helena \ever was in Egypt she/ did nothing to merit such a Temple in Egypt there. The building of this Temple by the Temple of Vulcan discovers that she was Vulcan's Venus.

Diodorus tells us.

– Memnonia & returning into Egypt dec built several magnificent structures there. He turned built Memphys & there made a bridge over the Nile as above \turning the river into a new channel/ & in Memphys |he| built the \magnificent/ Temple of Vulcan A as above. At Abidus he built a stately Palace – –

Whether Zerah was Sardus or one of his captains is not material The names do not much disagree.

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CHAP. III
The Monarchy of Egypt at Thebes.

Herodotus in giving an account of the ancient state of Egypt tells us that the Priests of Egypt affirmed Menes to be their first king & that they read to him out of a book the names of 330 kings of Egypt who all reigned before Sesostris & amongst whom were 18 Ethiopians & a forreign woman named Nitocris. – – – – – – – of her childhood had no breasts.

After Amosis had expelled the shepherds & established his kingdom at home, Amon sent an army under the command of his son Sesostris into Arabia – – – – –

She had also a Temple in Egypt \at Memphys in Ægypt built on ye south side of ye temple of \Vulcan &// dedicated to her under the name of Venus Hospita. This Temple was Some took this to be ye Venus to be Helena

The third age preceded the use of iron wch was found \out/ in Crete by ye Idæi Dactyli about        years before the            according to the Marbles. The fourth age he ends with the wars of Thebes & Troy.

And as he ends the fourth age wth the wars of Thebes & Troy, so he seems to end the third age wth ye invention of iron, saying by the Idei Dactyli in Crete \in the reign of Minos/, saying that in that \the third/ age iron was not yet found out.

Antæus, Atlas, Typhon & Neptune neare kinsmen to Sesostris if not one & ye same man.

Sardius & Zerah the same man.

Memphys built by Menes after ye expulsion of ye Iews & restauration of ye Monarchy, & return of Memnon into Egypt from his conquests in Asia.

Asterisms formed between the Argonautic expedition & Trojan war. The beginning of the \12/ signes fell upon ye middle of ye Asterisms of ye Zodiac. The story of Perseus in Perses Cepheus, Cassiopea, Andromeda, Persess {sic}, Pegasus, Cete; of the Argonauts in Aries, Taurus, Gemini Argo, Hydra, Crater, Corvus, Chyron, \Ara/ Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Lyra Orphei, Hercules: of Icarus in Auriga, Plaustrum majus, Erigone or Virgo \& Bootes/; of Herules {sic} in Hercule, sagitta, Vultus Leo nemeus, of Orion in Orion ye two doggs & ye h|H|are & Scorpio. Ariadnes crown, Ophiuchses {illeg} Bootes If these were formed by Orpheus ab soon after the Argonautic expedition, suppose 40 years after ye death of Solomon in imitation of ye Egyptian Sphere invented a little before by Atlas, the r or 2640 years ago, the Equinox will be moved backwards (after ye rate of 50″ per an) [2520 + 120] 36gr 40′, & so much ye {illeg} vernal Equinox is now distant from ye first point of Aries middle of ye Asterism of Aries & ye {illeg} entrances of ye rest of ye signes from ye middles of ye other Asterisms of ye Zodiac.

The 14th & 15th year of Hezekiah a sabbatical year & Iubile

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For Helladius[48] tells us that a man called Oes or Oannes \or Oannes/ who appeared in the red sea with the tail of a ffish (so they painted a sea-man) taught Astronomy & {illeg} letters And Hyginus[49] that Euhadnes (that Euhad is Oannes) who came out of the sea in Chaldea \was the first who/ taught Astrology the the first, \any man {sic}/ he means Astronomy. And Apollodorus \Alexander Polyhistor/ from Berosus[50] that Oannes taught men \the Chaldeans/ letters & Arts & |to sow| corn & reap a agriculture. Oes, Oannes & Euhadnes are the same man, & therefore Astro Letters & Astronomy & arts & agriculture came into Chaldea from the red sea.

<47Br>

Before the Phœnicians began to sail by the starrs (wch they could not it is not likely that they could find the way to the Island Cyprus. And this could not be long bef {sic} then they began to sail as far as Greece for the sake of Trafique And And Eratosthenes tells us that Cyprus – – & above 40 long even till Cæsars days. But since the invention of iron in the days of Minos those woods have gradually been almost cut down to make room for mankind.

When \navigation was so far improved that/ the Phenicians began to leave ye sea shore & sail through the Mediterranean by the starrs it may be presumed that they \began to/ discovered the Island|s| Cyprus \of the Mediterranean/ & for the sake of trafric {sic} began to sail as far as Greece, & soon after \this was not long before they/ carried away Io the daughter of Inachus. And Eratosthenes a[51] tells that Cyprus was at first so overgrown with wood that it could not be tilled; & that they first cut down the wood for melting of copper & silver, & afterwards when they began safely to sail safely upon the mediterranean, they built ships & even navies of it; & when they could not destroy the wood they gave every man leave to cut down what wood he pleased & to possess all the grownd wch he cleared of wood So Europe at first abounded very much with woods, one of wch called the Hercynian took up a great part of Germany being ful nine days journeys broad & full \above/ 40 long ever since Cæsar in Cæsar's days|.|, notwithstanding that they |And yet the Europeans| had been cutting it {sic} down \their wood/ to make room for mankind ever sin since the invention of iron in they days of Minos, |& therefore in his days Europe was much more woody|

Diodorus tells us \als further/ that the Cyclade Islands (those neare Crete) were at first desolate & uninhabited, but Minos the son of Europa having a powerfull fleet {illeg} sent many Colonies out of Crete & peopled many of them & particularly that the Island Carpathus was first seized by the soldiers of Minos. Syme lay wast & desolate till Triops came thither with a Colony under Chthonius. Strongyle or Naxus was first inhabited by the Thracians in the days of Boreas. Samus was at first desert & inhabited only by a great multitude of terrible wild beasts. Aristæus who married \Autonoe/ the daughter of Cadmus, carried a Colony into from Thebes into Cœa an Island not inhabited before. The Island Rhodes was at first called Ophiusa being full of Serpents before Phorbas a p|P|rince of Argos went thither & made it habitable by destroying the serpents: in memory of wch he is delineated in the heavens in the Constellation of Ophiuchus. The discovery of this & some other islands made a report that they rose out of the sea. In Asia Delos emersit & Hiera et Anaphe et Rhodus: Ammian. l. 17. Claræ jamdudum insulæ Delos et Rhodos memoria produntur enatæ; postea minores, ultra Melon Anaphe, inter Lemnum et Hellespontem Nea, Inter Nebedum et Teon Alonæ &c. Plin. l. 2. c. 87.

Diodorus tells us also that the seven islands called Æolides between Italy & Sicily were desert & uninhabited till Liparus & Æolus about the time of the Trojane war went thither \from Italy/ & peopled them. And that Malta & Gaulus or Gaudus on the south side of Sicily were {illeg} first peopled by Phenicians, & so was Madera without the straits. And it is not likely that Great Britain & Ireland could be peopled before navigation was propagated beyond the straits mouth.

A further argument we have of the first peopling of the Earth not long before the times hitherto mentioned is the first discovery of the Islands of the Mediterranean & the cuting down of the woods with; wch the earth was covered when the before mankind cut them down to make room for themselves

[Editorial Note 19]

{illeg} \Dionius/ The {sic} Egyptian Hercules upon recruited his army with the people whom he conquered, & |then| {sic} coming fom his war with Gerion in Spain {illeg} to the costs of Piemont was resiste & endeavouring to pass the Alps into Italy was strenuously opposed by the Liguras, but afterward got into Italy & there slew Cacus, & [after the Sicanians had served the him him {sic} in Chuse] made some conquests & {illeg} in wch he might seat the Sicanians.]

<47Bv>

Abraham was the fift from Peleg & \all/ mankind lived together \& spake one language {sic}/ in Chaldea till the days of Peleg under the government of Noah & his sons till the days of Peleg, & till those days \so long they/ were of one language & one religion, & then they divided the earth & began to spread themselves in the several countries wch fell to their share, carrying along wth the laws & customes & religion under wchthey had till those days been governed by Noah & his sons. And these laws were \haded {sic} down to Abraham Melchisedec & Iob &/ for some time after put in execution \observed/ by the Iudges of the countries Iob 31.11, 28, & at length inserted by Moses into his laws

about af about the beginning of Solomons reign at wch time Minos was 15 or 20 years old. For Minos lived long & was dead above 25|30| years before that expedition.

– ever since the days of Minos.

All these footsteps there are of the first peopling of Europe. Chaldea Assyria Syria Phenicia & Egypt were peopled some ages before. Abraham was the fift fom Peleg, & \all/ mankind lived together in Chaldea under the government of Noah & his sons untill the days of Peleg{illeg}. And So long they were of one language & one religion: And then perhaps they divided the earth, being perhaps disturbed in Chaldea by \the rebellion of/ Nimrod |& forced to leave of building the tower of Babel|. And from thence they spread themselves into the several countries wch fell to their share carrying along with them the laws customes & religion under \wch/ they had till those days been {illeg} educated & governed by Noah & his sons. And these laws were handed down to Abraham, Melchizedec & Iob & {illeg} for some time |they| were observed by the Iudges of the eastern countries Iob. 31.11, 28. Several of them are mentioned by Iob chap. 31, vizt \not/ to worship any \the Sun or Moon or/ other Gods then the supreme \least you should deny the God above/, not to deceive, nor defraud, nor kill, nor steal, nor commit adultery, nor covet, nor trust in riches, nor oppress the poor or fatherless, nor curse your enemies nor rejoice at their misfortunes, \nor defraud nor kill,/ but to be friendly & hospitable & merciful to the needy & to releive the poor & needy. This was the morality \& religion/ of the first ages; this was \the scope of end of all/ the Law of Moses & the Prophets comprehended in the two great commandments of loving the th Lord our God with all our heart & mind & strength & our neighbur as our selves & enjoyned {illeg} to ye strangers within the gates of Israel as well as to the I people of Israel; \Israelites:/ & this is the moral law of \both Iews &/ the Christians to this day. – this was the religion of Moses & the Prophets comprehended in the two great Commandmts of loving the Lord our God with all our heart & soul & strength \mind/ & our neighbour as our selves, this was the religion enjoyned to the stranger within the gates of Israel as well as to the Israelites, & this is \or ought to be to this/ the moral law & religion of both Iews & Christians & of to this day & of all m to this day, & ought to be the \standing/ religion of all mankind \nations/, & without it all other religions are vain.

God is every where without being seen or felt Iob. 9.8, 11 & 11.7, 8, 9. & 22.12, 14. & 23.8, 9. Omnipotent & omniscient. Iob. 42.2

[Editorial Note 20]

Some of these laws are recited by Moses as not to curse God nor blaspheme his name nor \to/ kill nor injure but but to make satisfaction for accidental injuries {illeg} either by paying the price or \& to {sic}/ loosing an eye for an eye a tooth for a tooth \a breach for a breach/ Levit 24.15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 22 \& Gen 9.6/ & to be merciful even to bruit beasts so as not to strangle them or cut of their limbs alive \or eat them with the blood/ but to kill them for food by letting out their blood Gen 9.4. Levit 17.10, 12, 13. nor were they to eat any blood or any thing wch died of it self or was torn by wild beasts Levit 17.15. Of the Laws see Selden concerning the 7 Precepts of the Sons of Noah.

These Corybantes danced \at the sacrifices/ in armour \like the Idæi Dactyli/ & behaved themselves at the sacrifices {sic} as seized with a divine fury like the Idæi Dactyli & [thereby these mysteries appear to be Phenician.] the Godess was drawn drawn by Lyons & had a Corona turrita on her head & a drum in her hand like the Astar Phenician godess Astarte. And in

For Teutamus the father of Asterius came was on th came \{illeg} went into Crete with commanded a colony/ from Olympia with a colony of Eleans into Crete & {illeg} upon the flight of Asterius \some of/ his friend {sic} might \retire/ into Elea \their own country & be pursued &/ & be there conquered /there\ by Hercules Idæus.

[Editorial Note 21] <48v>

For mankind lived together in Chaldea under the government of Noah & his sons till the days of Peleg; & then they divided the earth between them & \began to/ spread themselves into their several countries \wch fell to their share/, carrying along with them the Laws & Precepts customes under wch they had been governed by Noah & his sons till that time [which laws have been since called the Precepts of the sons of Noah [& the laws of nations The & were observed by Abraham & his family, Melchizedec & his city & other nations Iob & the Ma his friends & the Iudges of his country where he lived.] And Abraham was the fift from Peleg.

Before \When Before \When// the Phenicians began to leave the sea coast & sail through the Mediterranean by the help of the starrs, |\that is, before \when// they began to sail as far as Greece for the sake of trafic & before they & carried away Io the daughter of Inachus than {sic}| the Islands of the Mediterranean {illeg} remote from the continent, could not \began to/ be discovered. And accordingly \For/ Diodorus tells us that the Cyclade Islands (those neare Crete) were at first desolate – – – – – straits mouth

I meet wth no cities in Crete older then the arrival of the Phenicians there with Europa & her brother Atymnus. [Tectamus or Teutamus the father of Asterius & grandfater of Minos, carried thither some \a/ coloni|y|es of Dorians from \Laconia & the /{illeg}\/ the parts of Peloponnesus neare Olympus & \from/ those of Laconia, & a little before] The first inhabitants of this Island are called Eteocretans: but whence they were & how they came thither is not said in history. Then sailed thither a colony of Pelasgians from Greece & soon after Teutamus the grandfather of Minos carred thither a colony of Dorians from the parts of Peloponnesus near Olympus. And these several colonies spake several languages & fed on the spontaneus fruits of the earth & lived \quietly/ in caves & huts till the invention of iron yt in the days of Asterius the son of Teutamus, & at length were reduced into one kingdom & one people by Minos their first lawgiver, who built many towns & was their first Law-giver, & built many towns & introduced plowing & sowing & provided a potent fleet

And the Island Cyprus was discovered by the Phenicans {sic} not long before. For Eratosthenes tells us – – – – – invention of iron in the days of Minos, & in Cæsars days. And Europe must have been much more woody when first discovered by the Phenicians. ffor the Europeans have been cutting down their woods ever since the invention of iron tools in the days of Asterius & Minos

The Laws \customes & customes Precepts/ by wch Noah & his sons governed all mankind \in Chaldea/ till the days of Phaleg, & wch upon the first division of the earth were propagated thence into all \other/ countries, were those observed by Abraham & his family, by Melchisedeck & his city, & \&/ by Iob & \his/ friends & the Iudges of his country. [Moses inserted them into his law & the strangers within the gates of Israel were to observe them, & the Iews still call them the Precepts of the sons of Noah.] & in general by the nations till they began to worship their dead Kings & Heros. Moses inserted them into his Law; & the stangers {sic} within the gates of Israel were to observe them, & the Iews still call them the Precepts of the sons of Noah. And they were, to worship no other God but the supreme Iob. XXV.26, 27, 28 not to blaspheme his name Levit. 24.16. not to commit adultery Iob. 31.9, 10, 11. not to \deceive nor oppress nor steale nor/ covet nor defraud nor kill Iob. 31.\5, 7, 13,/ 24, 25, 38, 39 & Num. 35.15. to be merciful even to bruit beasts so as to sacrifice \not to kill/ them not by strangling but only by letting out their blood. Levit 17.12, 13, 14, < insertion from the left margin of f 48v > not to deceive nor steale nor commit adultery nor oppress \nor covet/ Iob. 31.5, 7, 9, 11, 13 \24, 25/. o releive the poo to be merciful & hospitable poor Iob. 31.16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 32. not to curse your enemy nor rejoice at his misfortunes Iob 31.29, 30. not to defraud nor kill Iob. 31.18, 39

< text from f 48v resumes >

Sicily was peopled before the death of Minos who was slain there, & the first inhabitants are called Sicani. Philistus saith that they were transplanted from the river Sicanus in Spain. {illeg} They might be left there \transplanted {illeg} {Osiris}/ /transplanted\ by Sesostris in the reign of his father Ammon \when he returned by Spain from ye {Sicani}/. ffrom {illeg} many cities \of the Sicani/ each with its own king it may be gathered that they were not much ancienter.

<48r>

Lesbos was lay wast & desolate till Xanthius the son of Triopas a prince of the Pelasgians who came from Argos, sailed \thither/ from Lycia with a body of Pelasgians & divided the island among them \colony/. Diodor l. 5. c. 4. – till Macarius the son of Crinacus peopled it, as he did also the islands Chius & Coos.

And Tenedos lay desolate till Tennes the son of Cyrnus or Cygnus a little before the Trojan war sailed thither with a colony from Troas & peopled it.

Dardanus king of the Trojans |Clemens Alexandrinus (Admonitione ad Gentes) tells us that Dardanus king of the Trojans instituted the worship of Cybele mysteries of the mother of the Gods He| |He {sic}| was the brother of Iasion & Harmonia & Cybele \was/ the daughter of Meones king of Phrygia was \&/ the wife of I\a/sion, & {sic} Corybas the son of Iasion & Cybele, after the death of his father going into Phrygia instituted there the worship of his {meo}ther of his mother or of Europ {Aunt} Europa that of Europa \Cybele in the reign of Dardanus./ after the manner of the Egyptian Rhea & the Phœnician Astarte.

For his grandfather |For| Teutamus the father of Asterius \& grandfather of Minos/ carried a colony of Æolians Dorians \into Crete/ from Laconia & the regions of mount Olympus & Laconia in Peloponnesus & this region afterwards \(I think upon the expulsion of Saturn)/ became the Terra Curitum [where the games were celebrated in honour of Iupiter] Olympius. And th{illeg}|en| Iupiter had a Temple \& Altar/ erected to him in Olympia where the games were celebrated, & was thence called Iupiter Olympius. And Lucian tells us that the {illeg} it was the Cretan Rhea the mother of this Iupiter who was worshipped in Phygia {sic}. But Diodorus tells us that the Phrygians worshipped the Cybele the daughter of Meones king of Phrygia & the wife of Iasion \who was/ the brother of Dardanus king of the Trojans & of Harmonia the wife of Cadmus; & that Corybas the son of Iasion & Cybele goin after the death of his father, going into Phrygia, instituted there the worship of his mother Cybele of, & gave the name of Corybantes to her Priests, & these Corybantes danced in armour like the Idæi Dactyli. And she was represented in form of woman in a chariot drawn with Lyons & a corona turrita on her head & a drumm in her hand like the Phenician Astarte. \And the Corybantes danced in armour like the Idæi Dactyli./ When Cadmus came into Europe he landed in Samothrace & there married Harmonia the sister of \Dardanus,/ Iasion; & after the death of Ceres the Phenicians mistress of Iasion, the Phenicians instituted mysteries there to the Dij Cabyri of whom she was chief. And in the island Thasus where Cadmus left one of his brothers, the Phenicians built a Temple to Hercules not the son of Alcmena but an older whom Cicero calls ex Idæis cui inferias inferunt. And thus the Phenicians &c.

And Diodorus that Dardanus Iasion & Harmonia were born in Samothrace of the same parents, \yt Cadmus coming into that island married Harmonia, & learnt the Samothracian mysteries/ that Iasion married Cybele the daughter of Meones king of Phrygia & of her begot Corybas, that Iasion \lay wth Ceres &/ learned the mysteries of in Samothrace {illeg} yt after his death Dardanus Cybele & Corybas went into Prygia {sic} & carried thither the mysteries of the mother of the Gods, & that Corybas called those that celebrated the sacred mysteries of his mother (in a furious rage like madmen) after his own name, Corybantes; & that Dardanus built the city Darnanas afterwards called Troy & founded the kingdom of the Trojans. /But the{illeg} mysteries of Ceres were instituted {illeg} Elusis by with Egyptian ceremonies by Celus & Eumolpus & Melampus, in the end of the reign of Eretheus, {illeg} & other Samothracian mysteries were instituted to her & her daughter \& Pluto/ soon after \in Samothrace/ by the Phœnician names of Dij Cabiri, Anieros, Axiokersa, \&/ Axiokers, that is, the grat {sic} Gods, Ceres, Proserpina & Pluto. ffor Cadmus landed in Samothrace \with his Phœnicians/ & \{sic} there/ married Harmonia this sister of Iasion & Iasion lay with Ceres & of her begot Plutus \& Cadmus & Iasion were initiated in these mysteries./ & [Dardaus {sic} Iasion & Cer \Dardanus &/ Harmonia were born in Samothrace of the same parents &] Iasion married Cybele the daughter of Meones king of Phrygia & after the death of Iasion Dardanus Cybele & Corybas went into Phrygia & carried thither the mysteries of the mother of the Gods & Corybas called those that celebrated the sacred mysteries of his mother, Corybantes.

<49r>

– king of Assyria 1 Chron. V.26

1. The histories of the Persians witten {sic} by the Saracens now extant in the Persia \East/ represent \that the/ the \two/ oldest Dynasty of the \Dynasties of the/ kings of Persia to be \were/ those whom they call Pischdadians, & the oldest next after these that Kaianides, & say that the Dynasty of the Kaianides imemediately succeeded that of the Pischdadians. And the three last kings of the {P} second Dynasty they call name Ardschir Diraz, Darab his bastard son & Darab who was conquered by Ascander Roumi, that Artaxeres Longimanus, Darius Nothus & Darius who was conquered {by} Alexander the Greek. They omit the kings between these two Dynasties Darius's which shews that their history of this kingdom is imperfect: but by the names of the kings here mentioned tis certain that by the second Dynasty{illeg} they mean that of the kings of Media & Persia mentioned in scripture: & by consequence by the first Dynasty they mean either the kings of the Assyrian Empire or those of Persia beyond Assyria contemporary to them. And this is the k others who were contemporary to them & reigned in Persia beyond Assyria. And \perhaps/ this might be the kingdom which carried the Assyrians captive to Kir. Amos 9.7.

2. The Oriental Saracen historians of Pers the \who write of the/ Persian affairs call Ardschir Diraz by the name also of Bahaman & ascribe to Bahaman the actions of Darius Hystaspis & Darius Medus taking perhaps Diraz & Darius for one & the same name. For they say that Bahaman went westward into Mesopotamia & Syria & conquered Balthazar the son of Nebuchadnezzar & gave the kingdom of Babylon to Cyrus his Lieutenant general over Media & Assyria & Persia Chaldea: & there they take Bahaman for Darius Medus. They say also that Bahaman was the grandson of Kishtasp or Hystaspes & that Kishtasp was contemporary to Zaradust or Zoroaster the legislator of the Ghebers or fire-worshippers & established his doctrines throughout all Persia & that father of this Bahaman was not a king: & here \they take/ Bahaman for Darius Hystaspis. And this confusion of persons makes it further appear that the oriental histories of those ancient kingdoms are very uncertain imperfect & uncertain.

3. And the same is further confirmed by the long reigns which they \Oriental historians/ ascribe {illeg} to their kings {illeg} of th{illeg}|es|e two Dynasties. For they tell us that some of the Pischdadian kings lived a thousand years a piece & that they reigned above all together above three thousand years. And to the first king of the second Dynasty they assign a reign of 120 years; to the second a reign of 150 years; to the third a reign of 60 years; to ye 4th a reign of 120 years, to the fift as much, & to the sixt called Artaxerxes Longimanus a reign of 112 years. [Let these reigns be reduced to a moderate length, & whereas the oriental historians tell us that \Afrasiab king of/ the Scythians of Touran or Turquestan beyond the river Oxus invaded & conquered the Persians in the reign of the eighth king of the Pischdadians & reigned over them twelve years together, let the revolt of the nations from Assyria & the beginning of the reign of the Kaianides be placed at that time, & the reign of the Pischdadians will not \scarce/ be much ancienter yn that of the kings of Nineveh in ye days of Ionas] So then as the Egyptians have made their \two/ first Dynasty|s| of |ye| kings \of their Empire/ (those who reigned at Thebes \& Memphis/) much ancienter then the truth, so the Persians have done the like to the two first Dynasties of their kings. And we are to expect as little of certainty from the {illeg} records of Persia concerning their two first Dynasties of kings as from the records of Egypt from concerning theirs.

5 The Oriental historians tell us \also/ of that in those days there was a the Scythians on the north side of the river Oxus wch runs westward into ye Persian Gulph Caspian sea had \having/ erected a potent kingdom wch they call the kingdom of Touran or Turquestan, & under their king Afrasiab invaded Persia several times \under their king Afrasiab/, & that in the reign of the eighth king of the Pischdadians Afrasiab invaded & conquered Persia & reigned over it twelve years together, & then <49v> was repulsed & by the tenth king of the Pischdadians & invaded it again in the reign of ye 11th & last king of the Pischdadians & was at length slain in the mountains of Media by the third king of the second Dynasty. If for reducing the reign of Afrasiab to such a more such a reas length as exceeds not the course of nature, we may suppose that upon \the Scythians by/ their first invasion the nati \of Persia/ gave occasion to yt revolt of the western \Medes & other/ nations from the Assyrians & other nations \which is/ mentioned by Herodotus: there will be but seven kings of the Pischdadians before the revolt of reign of Afrasiab & the revolt of the Medes & three more of the Caianides before the reign of Lohorasp & th or Cyaxeres & the the {sic} taking of Nineveh by him & Nebuchadnezzar. And these ten reigns will being recconed at about 18 or 20 years a piece will place the beginning of the first Dynasty of the Pischdadians about 180 or 200 years before the fall of Nineveh. So then the Persians have no memory of any thing done in Persia above \180 or/ 200 years before the fall of Nineveh & the reigns of Cyaxeres & Nebuchadnezzar.

4 The Oriental historians say that the fourth king of the|ir| second Dynasty whom they call Lohorasp, was the father of Kischtasp & the gradfather {sic} of Cyrus & great gradfather {sic} of yt {illeg} Bahaman who was the grandson of Kischtasp & by |that| these is, of Darius Hystaspis: & by these recconings they make Lohorasp as old as Cyaxes. They say also that Lohorasp was the first of their kings who reduced their armies to good order & discipline & Herodotus affirms the same thing of Cyaxeres. And they say further that Lohorasp went eastward & conquered many Provinces of Persia & had wars with the kings of Touran or Scythia beyond the river Oxus \which runs westward into the Caspian Sea/ & that one of his Generals whom the Hebrews call Nebuchadnezzar & others call Rahan & Gudarz went westward & conquered all Syria & Iudea & took the city Ierusalem & destroyed it. And by these circumstances they thi take Lohorasp for one & the same king with Cyaxeres, calling Nebuchadnezzar his Generall because he assisted him in the taking of Nineveh before they separated & went, the one easward {sic} against the Provinces of Persia & the other westward against Syria & Phœnicia. The second Dynasty of the kings of Persia began therefore about three reigns or sixty years before the fall of Nineveh & by consequence at that time when the Medes & other nations revolted from the Assyrians.

6 I have hitherto taken a view of the times reputed fabulous by the Greeks & Latines & shewed that before the reign of Pul or his Predecessor & the beginning of the Olympiads – – –

<50r> <50v>
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Many islands of the Mediterranean \covered wth woods & inhabited only by serpents & wild beasts/ have been peopled be since the coming of Lelex & Cecrops with colonies from Egypt. The Hercynian wood covered a great part of Germa Europe even till the days of the Roman Empire.

So then we need not wonder that the Egyptians have made the two \kings of \in/ the/ first Dynasti|y|es of the kings of their Monarchy so very ancient t \so very ancient/ (those who reigned at Thebes & Memphys in the days of David & Solomon)) & at Memphys in the days of the successors of Solomon so very ancient & so long lived, since the Persians have done the like to the kings of their first Dynasty of their kings who reigned \in Persia/ above 200 years after the days of Solomon.

The earth in those days was f overspread \filled overspread/ with woods, [The Tyrians found Cyprus \such as were the wood wch/ overspread with woods. & The Hycinian {sic} wood ran through the middle of Germany {sic} Poland & Muscovy to the Ocean] which have been since cut down gradu by degrees to make room for mankind. The \Many/ Islands of the mediterranean were unpeople \have been/ {peopled since} the Egyptians & Phenicians brought navigation into Greece.

N{uma} was the first lawgiver of the Romans, {illeg} \{illeg} was the first Zeleucus of the Locri, Draco/ of the Athenians, Lycurgus of the Spartans, {illeg} Phoroneus of the people of Argos, Minos of the Cretans \Amon &/ Sesac of the Egyptians, & Moses of the Hebrews. And by the imposition of Laws {men} were by degrees reduced from a rambling vagabond salvage life to live to{gether} in towns & cultivate arts convenient for life.

{illeg} began to be built in E\u/rope –– – Argonautic expedition. And

{The} first houses were rude small & rude there being no iron tools \& in consequence no artificers/ in all {illeg} before the days of Minos king of Crete who was contemporary to Solomon {& the} first towns were small \unwalled/ villages. Troy was not walled before the days of Laomedon the father of Priam. Thebes was not walled before the reign of Amphion & Zethus who were contemporary to Laius the great grandso{n} of Cadmus. And it will be difficult to name a town in all Europe wch was walled before the expedition of Sesostris death of Solomon. The founder of ye town {illeg} first {illeg} [when these towns \kings/ conquered {illeg} of the king became {illeg} wch gained dominion over others {illeg} & the first city wch reigned over a{illeg} {Rome} – – – – – between Egypt & Euphrates. Numa was the first lawgiver of the Romans – – – – & cultivate arts & imployments conve\nie/nt for life. The first ships were small round vessels of burden with oars for sailing \upon lakes &/ between the Islands of that shallow sea wch lies between Egypt & Arabia: & the first long & tall ships with sails were built by Ammon & Sesostris in the days of David & Solomon & the Ship Argo was the first long ship built by the Greeks built after the form of the ship {illeg} wch Danaus brought from Egypt \wch was the first long ship built by the Greeks was built 40 years/ after the death of Solomon in imitation of the a ship wch Danaus brought from Egypt. The earth in those early ages was overspread with woods & infested with wild beasts, & the first men lived in planes well wat\r/ed with rivers such as were those upon Tigris & |ye| Nile: & \where kingdoms & civility began/ the beasts have been destroyed & the woods cut down to make room for man Phœnicia & the regions upon Tigris – – – – – – – fled from Ioshua conquered Egypt. \Corn was not known in Europe before the days of David. And Diodorus tells us that the Libyans/ Diodorus tells us that the Libyans {sic} say that Vranus |the father of Hyperion & grandfather of Helius & Selene that is Ammon the father of Sesac| was their first king & caused the public who then wandred up & down, to dwell in towns & cities, & reducing them from a lawless & salvage course of life taught them to use & lay up the fruits of the earth, & \do/ many other things useful for mans life.

& Arabia Petræa & Nabatea as well as Phœnicia have been peopled by the seed of Abraham besides the nations prung {sic} from Keturah whom Abraham sent eastward. And the remoter regions of Libya & Europe were peopled still later & civilized still later, & a great part of Tartary is not yet civilized. Corn was not known

<51r>

Of the Empire of the Greeks

When Amosis drave out the Shepherds out of {illeg} all Egypt, some of them under the conduct of Cecrops Lelex {illeg} Inachus & others fled into Greece. \Before that time Europe was peopled only from the backside of north side of the Euxine {sea} {illeg}/. Misphragmuthosis & made the {remaining} |ye {sic} shepherds {go}| \out of Egypt/ into Phenicia where they mixed principally wth the Philistines & made their armies \of the Philistims/ very numerous \against Saul/. The victories The victories of David over the \Philistims C{arm}ites & other/ {nations} round about him, made many of them under the conduct of Cadmus {illeg}blyarius                                          {illeg} seek new seats in Asia minor Greece & Libya. \These nations brought into Greece their arts & sciences & the worship of ye dead several of the posterity of Cadmus & his sister Europa being d{eified}/ [Cadmus brought letters into Greece & it is not likely that any thing done in Europe above an hundred years before the use of Leters could be remembred.] Sesak {illeg} Sesak or Sesostris \came out of Egypt in the 5t year of Rehoboam & spent {a y in that expedition} {illeg} was one {illeg}/ invaded Asia minor Thrace & Greece {illeg} the Argonautic expedition. ffor the ship Argo \being the {illeg} \{first}/ long ship of the Greeks/ was built in imitation of the long ship in wch Danaus wth his 50. daughters fled from his \{returning}/ brother Sesostris &           the son of Anymone the daughter of Danaus was one of ye Argonauts. By the expedition of Sesostris the Gods & Oracles of the Theban kingdom \of Thebes/ in Egypt were brought into Greece in the days of Theseus \& applied to the Heros of Greece/. {and} Cadmus was the father of Polydorus the father of Labdacus the father of Laus the father of Oedipus the father of Eteocles & Polynices, who slew one another in their youth in the war of the seven captains at Thebes {illeg} which happened within soon after the Argonautic expedition, And suppose about 50 years after the death of Solomon. And therefore recconing about 28 years to a generation by the eldest sons, {illeg} Cadmus was a young man in the beginning of Davids reign, & \& into Greece with his young son Polydorus a little before the middle of his reign, might fly into Greece {illeg} with his young son Polydorus/ The sons of \many of/ the Argonauts were at the Trojan war & therefore that war was one generation later yn the Argonautic expedition, & so might happen about 70 or 75 years after the death of Solomon. The |At| return of that time flourished Memnon Amenophis or Menes the founder of the \first/ Dynasty of |ye| Ethiopian Kings \of Egypt/ reigning at Memphys. Homer wrote soon after & celebrates Thebes, but makes no mention of Me\m/phis. That city was not yet grown famous. The return of the Heraclides into Peloponnesus was about 70 or 80 years after the Trojan war, being in the fourth generation from Hercules the Argonaut ffrom ye time of that return there reigned two races of kings at Sparta in one race; in one race nine kings, in the other ten & in a race of In ye end of the first Messenian war, & in the same interval of time there were ten kings of Messene & nine of of Arcadia: wch at 18 or 20 years to a reign one reign wth another make up about 180 \200/ years. ffor Between ye end of that war \said return/ & the battel at Thermopyle in the end of the sixt year of Xerxes there six yea were seventeen reigns in each race of the kings of Sparta wch at 18 or 20 years a piece to a reign make up about 340 years. To wch if And \therefore/ the destruction of Troy was about 420 years before the battel of Thermopylæ. For Kings reign one with another but \only/ about 18 or 20 years a piece at a Medium \according to ye course of nature. Accordingly Herodotus reccons {illeg} Homer & Hesiod but 400 years older then himself/ But the |{last}| Greek Chronologers making \{reccon}/ the reigns of Kings equal to generations & recconing about 36 years to a generation have made the said 17 reigns equal to {illeg} 622 \years/ wch is about 280 years too long. And this Chronology was feigned by Timæus Siculus about sixty years after the death of Alexander the great. The former Chronologers, \as/ Pherecides Athenensis, Epimedicdes, Acusilaus, Hellanicus, digested the antiquities of Greece only by Genealogies & the reigns o successions of kings or Priests. Timæus was the first who reduced these antiquities & to ye Olympiads & in {so} doing {illeg} {he set do}wn what number of years he pleased to the reign of every {king} & made the number of reigns \years/ much too long for the course of {nature.} {illeg}

<51v>

The Introduction

1 Ctesias & the ancient Greek & Latin writers – – – – – to please his reader. If these fables be layed aside, the Assyrian Empire will appeare no older then ye days of Pul

The Greeks have made the kingdom of Sicyon as old as the flood within 200 years & above seven hundred years older then Cadmus, whereas Cadmus was the first ma letters were first brought into Europe by Cadmus & it is not likely that Cadmus & it is not likely that the actions or names of kings or any thing done in Europe could be remembred above \80 or/ one hundred years before the use of letters. || [ffor making this kingdom ancient the Greks have made two kings of two names of one king Apis & Epopeus \divided Apis the son of Phoroneus into two kings taking his two names Apis & Epopeus for two men/ & between them \have/ inserted {illeg} 12 names feigned names of kings between \who did nothing memorable/ & made them reign 620 years wch is above 50 years a piece one wth another: whereas kings according to the course of nature reigne one with another one with another at a medium but about 18 or 20 years a piece; & there is not \scarce/ an instance to be found in any kingdom where the reign of 12 kings taken together has equalled 300 years. So instead of one Minos & one Ariadne some of the Greeks have made two Minoses & two Ariadnes, & instead of one Pandion one Erechtheus kings of Athens they have made two, giving the name of Erechthonius to the first Erechtheus. And whereas Inachus had seveal sons {illeg} Phoroneus                                          reigning in several parts of Argos & these again divided their dominions amongst their sons, the Greeks have to make the kingdom of Argos look ancient have reduced several of these collateral into one race of kings reigning successively at Argos.

So in the kingdom of Damascus wch was founded by          in the latter end of Davids

So Iosephus tells us that ye Syrians of Damascus worshipped their kings Adar & Rezon \Hazael/ as very ancient though they reigned not it was \not knowing that they were but novel, it being then/ not        eleven hundred years since their reign. ffor that kingdom was founded in ye latter end of Davids reign by Rezon who was succeeded by Tabrimon, Hadazzer,Benhadad, Hazael, Benhadad II \& grew great under/ & grew gret|a|t in ye days of Iehosaphat & Ioas under her kings Benhadad & Hazael the two kings whom they worshipped und by the names of Hadar or Hadad

2 The kingdom of the Syrians of Damascus was founded \by Ben/ in the end of Davids reign, & \&/ grew great under its kings Benhadad {illeg} & Hazael in ye reign of Iehosaphat & {sic} Ioas & worshipped these two king Iosephus tells[52] that they worshipped these two kings as Gods for their benefactions recconing them very ancient & not knowing boasting their antiquity & not knowing that they were novel & lived not above 1100 years before his days. And Iustin tells us[53] that ye Syrians worshipped also Arathes (the wife of the of those things \founder of the city/ as a Goddes

In like manner the Ægyptians made their deified kings as old a very ancient, though they were no older then the days of David Soloman {sic} & Rehoboam. These Gods reigned at Thebes & were the first kings who reigned over all Egypt including Thebais. And the next race of kings reigned at Memphys & adorned that city. Thebes therefore Homer celebrates Thebes but makes no mention of Memphys & therefore the Gods of Egypt reigned a little \had & adorned Thebes/ before Homers days & the Kings of Memphys had not then made but Memphys was not yet th{illeg} grown splendid & famous \afterwards/ by the reign of her kings. \but Memphys by the reign of her kings grew splendid & famous afterwards./ The Egyptians reccon Meres the that Meres reigned next after their Gods & {illeg} founded \built/ Memphys & the b \the/ magnificent Temple of Vulcan \therein/: & by consequence that one of his sons built his palace in that city. Menes was therefore the founder of the Dynasty of kings who reigned at Memphys & so could not be much earlier then Homers days. four of his successors Rhampsinitus, Mœris, Asychis & Psammiticus built four sumptuous Porticos to that Temple, & Psammiticus reigned \above/ 300 years later then Sesak & it is not likely that that Temple could be above \above/ 300 years in building. & therefore Menes was not so old as Sesak. {illeg} But the Egyptians for magnifying the antiquity of their Gods & Kingdom have made him older then the world flood \world/ & for making out this recconing have multiplied the names of their kings & given us a very confused account of their antiquities. Herodotus tells us that the Egyptians read out of their books the names of 330 kings who reigned between Menes & Sesostris who is Sesak, & yet Sesostris reigned at Thebes & Menes then afterwards & his successors reigned afterwards at Memphis.

In the days of the patriarchs kingdoms were but small & almost every city had its king. The lower Egypt – – – & made the great lake of Mœris with two Pyramids in it. In the reigns of Asychis & Anyses, Egypt became divided into several kingdoms. Gnephactus – – – – – – – – & then Egypt & Ethiopia were invaded & conquered by the Assyrians.

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4 Inachus had several sons who reigned in several parts of Peloponnesus, as Phoroneus & there built towns as Phoroneus who built Phoronicum afterwards called Argos from Argus the|i||s| grandson, of Phoroneus Ægialeus who built Ægialea afterwards called Sicyon from Sicyon the grandson of Erechtheus, Phegeus who built Phegea aftward {sic} called Psophis from Psophis the daughter of Lycaon. And these were the oldest towns in Peloponnesus. Phoroneus had also several children & grandchildren who built new t reigned in several places & built new towns as Apis Car Spartus Apis. And this division & subdivision of territories has made great confusion in the {illeg} history of the kingdoms of Peloponnesus. But the later Greeks to make the kingdom of Argos look ancient have collected several of thes collateral kings \Princes/ into one series of kings \pretended to/ reigning successively at Argos.

5B Apis was the grandson of Ægyaleus by the fathers side & the grandson of Phoroneus by the mot his mother Niobe {illeg} by |t|his|e| mother|s| Niobe side, being the son of Niobe the daughter of Phoroneus & Herodotus tells us that Apis in the Greek tongue is Epaphus. But the later Geeks {sic} \to make the kingdom of Sicyon look ancient/ have made two men of these two names & {illeg} \Apis & Epopeus &/ between them inserted 12 feigned \names of/ kings between them \who did nothing/, making those kings the reign 620 years wch is above 50 years a piece one wth another: whereas kings according to the course of nature reigne one wth another at a medium but 18 or 20 years a piece, & there is scarce an instance to be found in any kingdom where the reign of 12 Kings taken together has equalled 300 one half of 620 years.

6. And as of one Apis or Epaphus the Greeks have made two kings so of one Minos & one Ariadne some of the Greeks have made two Minoses & two Ariadnes, & of one Pandion & one Erichtheus \king of Athens/ they have made two, giving the name ofone Erechthonius to the first Erechtheus, & of one Inachus & one Io his daughter they have made two, corruptly writing Iasus for the second Inachus.

3 And whereas The Greeks before the times of the seven wise men wrote only in verse & had no history or Chronology in prose but recconed times only by genealogies & {sic} \by/ the reigns of k number of kings reigning successively \in any Kingdom/ & the number of Priests succeeding one another in any Temple; & the Greeks who first wrote of these things in prose made it their busines to collect the Gre genealogies & generations|alogies| \of men/ & reigns & |ye| successions of \Kings &/ Priests & the names of the successive Olympic victors: at king Then they conjectured at the number of years {illeg} by the number of generations or reigns between things done, & at length Timæus Siculus sixty years after the death of Alexander the great adapted these recconings to ye Olympiads, & \so/ framed a chronolgy {sic} by the Olympiads wch wth very little alteration has been ever since followed by the Greeks. But in doing these things the Greeks have multiplied the reigns number of reigns beyond the truth & made the reigns of \single/ kings very much too long for the course of nature

4|5| The kingdom of Sicyon founded by Ægialeus the brother of Phoroneus, the Greeks have made as old as the flood within 200 years & above 700 years older then Cadmus whereas letters were first bought into Europe by Cadmus & it is not likely that that {sic} the actions \or names/ of kings or any thing done in Europe could be remembred one hundred years without the use of letters. Apis was the grandson of Ægialeus – – – – one half of 620 years.

7 The intervall between the {illeg} return of the Heraclides into Peloponnesus & the invasions of Greece by the Persians, the Greeks have made stated by the reigns of the kings of Sparta in that interval \recconing a reign equal to a generation &/. There were two races of these kings & seventeen successive kings in each race. And recconing a reign equall to a generation, they have made these kings reign one with another about 36 years a piece, \& thereby/ they have made this interval about 370 years too lo great. {illeg} ffor kings reign one with for the co ffor kings according to the course of nature reign but about 18 or 20 years a piece one with another at a medium. And by this means all things done in Greece before the return of the Heraclides are made \were represented/ 270 years older then the|y| truth would otherwise have been

[Editorial Note 22]

As the churches both Greek & Latin in the days of Tertullian accounted accounted the Montanists guilty of polytheism: so here the Bishops of the Greek Church declare the opinions \of Montanus/ about the Deity to be blasphemous & with r with relation to the opinions of Sabellius Paul of Samosat & Marcellus & such like heresies call him the father of ringleader of all the hereticks, that is of all wch flourished after him. And And this was \continued to be/ the opinion of the Greek church concerning Montanism till the middle of the fourth Century.

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The chief of the Gods of Egypt were Osiris & Isis & the ancient Greeks |who| \made the fables of the Gods/ recconed that they were not so ancient as Phoroneus. {the son} ffor they feigned that Apis the son or grandson of Phoroneus, & Io the sister or daughter of Phoroneus went into Ægypt & there became the Osi Apis Osiris & Isis of the Egyptians. The Gods of Egypt \therefore/ reigned at Thebes & adorned that city & were the first kings who reigned over all Egypt. between the days of Phoroneus & Homer.

# Be{fore}|cause| the Sesostris cut channels from ye Nile to all the cities of Egypt & thereby made that river very usefull, the Egyptians dedicated that river to him & after his death named called him by its names Ægyptus, Sihor or O-siris, & Nilus.

decreed the supremacy of the Bishop of Rome over all the churches of the Christian world \in cases of appeal/ & thereby actually set it up over their own churches in the west & in Egypt for a time \& endeavoured to set it up over the eastern con/ four or five years. At the end of wch time Constantius the Emperor Constantius \conquere {sic}/ the western part of the Empire, & caused the western Bishops to desist from their pretence of superiority over the eastern – – – – & made him rest contented with his provincial power \authority/ over the {illeg} suburbicarian Churches. An

[Editorial Note 23]

Sesac called by the Greeks Sesonchosis & Sesostris, came of Egypt in the {illeg} of Rehoboam, spent 9 years in invading the nations, came over the Hellespont conquered Thrace & invaded Greece but was repulsed by {illeg} the joynt forces of the Greeks under the conduct of Perseus & of the Scythians under Perseus \commanded by Perseus & of ye Scythians calling ym by them &/ commandin|ed|g the Greeks & by                 the Scythians. The {Scythians} Then he returned back into Egypt wth many captives in the {illeg} Rehoboam \amongst wch was Tethonius the sister {illeg}/ & his brother Danaus \at the same time/ fled from him into Greece wth his 50 daughters in a long ship after the pattern of wch the ship Argo was built. This was the first long ship built by the Greeks. The builder was Argus the son of Danaus; & Nauplius the son of Amymone one of the daughters of Danaus, born after her coming into Greece, was one of the Argonauts. The expedition \or Embassy of the Argonauts/ was therefore above 20 years after the return of Sesac \into Egypt/ & might happen about 36 or 40 years after the death of Solomon [being occasioned (as I conceive) by the civil wars of Egypt \in the reign of Asa/ & |ye| victory of Asa over Zerah whereby the Theban Empire was boke in pieces, & ffor the Expedition was \looks like/ an Embassy to all the Princes upon the coasts of ye Euxine & Mediterraneans {sic} seas wch had been subject to Egypt.] Cadmus was the father o The Phenicians Cadmus was the father of – – – reigning at Mempys [Hesiod recconing\ed/ up five ages or generations of men in the first of wch Sesac Chiron the son of Saturn & Phy|i|li|y|ra was born, {illeg} the third ended wth ye Argonautic expedition & death of Talus the \brazen/ Son of Minos & last man of the brazen age, the fourth ended with the wars at Thebes & Troy & the fift was to end when the men who were contemporary to Hesiod should grow hoary & drop into ye grave. Hesiod therefore & his contempory {sic} Homer wrote when within one generation after the destruction of Troy, & Homer celebrates Thebes the Egyptian Thebes but makes no mention of Memphys. That city was but newly founded by Menes & was not yet grown famous. Herodotus \the oldest Historian of Greece/ tells that Homer & Hesiod lived but 400 years before he|im| wrote his History: & therefore the destruction of Troy could not be earlier then we have assigned.

The Romans whom conquered Carthage & had opportunity to consult the records of that city, recconed tell us that Carthage stood 7 years & was built by Dido who fled from her brother Tyre & Virgil tells us that before her flight she conversed wth            w       who in the end of the Trojan war came from that war to Troy Cyprus. in the reign of her father. Carthage was destroyed Ann     Olymp.     Count backwards        years & the Encœmia of Carthage will                         & by or recconing, the destruction of Troy was about      years before.]

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In the time of the revolt of the lower Egypt under Osarsiphus & the retirement of Amenophis into Ethiopia the Amphicty the Greeks built Argo & sent in it the flower of Greece to Æates \at Cochos & to/ Prometheus & \many/ other Princes on the coasts of the Euxine & Mediterranean seas. And [such a project was scarce to be put in execution without the approbation & assistence of the kings \Princes/ & Coucils {sic} of Greece. ffor] this ship Argo was built after the pattern of an Egyptian ship \wth 50 Oars/ in wch Danaus with his 50 daughters a few years before sailed {illeg} for came from Egypt into Greece & was the first long ship with sails built by the Grekks. And such an improvemt of Navigation & the building of such an improvement of navigation wth a designe to send the flower of Greece to all the Princes upon the sea coasts of the Euxine & Mediterranean seas |was| too great a|n| designe \undertaking/ to be set on foot without the concurrence of the Princes \& states/ of Greece pursuant to an order \& the approbation/ of the Amphictyonic Council. This Council always met upon state affairs for the welfare of Greece. &c.

the letter Μ being worn out it so as to leave nothing more of ye word ΜΕΝΕΘΗΣ in the manuscript the {sic} ΕΝΕΘΕΣ or VΕΝΕΘΗΣ

pag. 29. lin 1. after Homer add. And therefore Homer flourished in the beginning of the reign of Mœris or but a not long before

In the Syria became subject to Egypt in the days of Tabimon & recovered her liberty under Benhadad, & in the reign of the last Rezen

l. 2. p. 36 l. 11. – & saw him. {illeg} He He seems to be the same man with Atlas, for both of them were sons of Neptune \& reigned over Afric,/ & both of {them} made war upon the Egyptians & contended with Hercules, & the names agree. Antæus might by the Egyptians be called Atal-Antæus cursed Antæus, & by contraction \Atlantes,/ Atlasis, or Atlas. In his wars wth Egypt Hercules took the Libyan world from his sholders & made him pay tribute out of his golden Orchard the kingdom of Libya & at length slew him. The invasion of Egypt by Antæus Ovid hath relation unto where he make {sic} Hercules say, – sævoqꝫ alimenta parentis Antæo eripui

\– eastward of Assyria./ The name Kaianides or Kaianians, seems to be taken from the word Kai wch signified a Giant or great King & was frequently \according to Herbedotius & is put before the/ put before the {sic} names of {illeg}|several| kings \in this \in this {sic} Dynasty named recied {sic} by him as Kaicobad Kaicaus Kaicosroes.// Whence we may reccon Cyaxeres or Kai-Axeres to have been one of them. He erected the kingdom of the Medes and a great Monarchy And by the names Kai Axeres of the Kings of this Dynasty we may conclude that it was the Medo-Persian Monarchy domin |a king of this Dynasty. He conquered the \kingdom of the/ Perians {sic} \called Elam in scripture/ & therein set up the Medo Persian Empire wch makes it probable that the Dynasty of the Pischdadians was this Kingdom of Elam. For this kingdom & that of the Medes continued distinct till the fourth year of| {illeg} Iehojakim or first of Nebuchadnezzar (Ier. 25.25) but soon after the beginng {sic} of the reign of Zedekiah or eighth of Nebucadnezzar Elam wth her King & Princes was conquered, Ier. 49.34.

So then the first great Empire in the world was that of Egypt founded by Ammon & Sesac & this Empire began to be shockt by civil wars in Egypt upon the death of Sesac & lost some Provinces upon ye Euxin & mediterraneans seas about the time of ye Argonautic expedition, but kept its dominion over {illeg} Chaldea, Susiana, Elam, \Assyria/ Armenia &c till the reign of Mœris or his successor Suphis. And then the|o||se| Persians nations becoming free from the dom set up the kingdoms of Elam, & Assyria, Babylon & Media. And these are the first great kingdoms in the world on this side India. Great Empires are always accompained {sic} with great imperial cities

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In Daniels prophesy \vision/ of the four Beast {sic} [the first is said to like {sic} a Lyon with eagles wings & second {sic} like a Bear wch wch raised it self up on one side & had three ribs in it's mouth] The |the first Beast agrees to the kingdom of Babylon including Susiana & his| Eagles wings \of the first/ agree to the kingdoms \Provinces/ of {illeg} Babylon & Media \Susa/ wch reigned till the conquest of Babylon by Cyrus. Then reigned \And the 2d Beast is agrees to/ the Medo-Persian Empire, wch raised \itself/ up on one side, the Medes getting up first, & it had \the/ three ribs in its mouth |agree \to/| the kingdoms of Babylon Egypt & Sardes. Those kingdoms were in its possession not as parts of its body but \only/ as limbs \bones/ in its mouth. |ffor the kingdom of Babylon was \the body of/ the first Beast that of Egypt & Sardes belonged to the body of the third.|

In Daniels vision of the Ram & he Goat the two horns of the Ram are \agree to/ the kingdoms of Media & Persia under one Monarch & the higher horn (that of Persia) rose up last.

The seventy allot weeks determined \decided or allotted or {sic} cut out/ upon the people & upon the holy city of Daniel, to finish the transgression, & to make an end of sins, & to make reconciliation for iniquity, & to bring in everlasting righteousnes & to seal up the vision & the prophesy, & to annoint the most holy, \agree to the intervall {illeg} of time wch/ ended {illeg} with the death of Christ & began with in the seventh year of Artaxerxes Longimanus \(Anno Nabonass 291)/ when Ezra \had/ obteined a commission \to return \from Babylon/ wth the {illeg} to Iudea to Ierusalem \captivated Iews/ &/ to restore the worship of God at Irusalem {sic} & to set up Magistrates & Rulers wch might judge \all/ the people \of Iudea/ &|a|ccording to the laws of God & the king. ffor thereby the Iews, after their body polytick had been dissolved by the captivity, \were again incorporated &/ became again a people & a holy city: {sic} And from thence to the death of Christ were seventy weeks recconing a day for a year as was usual among the Iews. See Gen. 29.27. (Num 14.34. {illeg} Ezek IV.4, 5, 6.) \& a week for a week of years. For/ The {sic} Iews had \by a week used a week sometimes for a/ weeks of days (Dan. 10.2) & \sometimes for a/ weeks of years (Gen 29.27, 28.)

Now the historie|y|s of these kingdoms is consonant to the description given of them by Daniel. In his vision of the four Beasts the first Beast answers to the kings of Babylon including Susiana & his Eagles wings to the Provinces of Babylon & Susa. And the second Beast answers to the Medo-Persian Empire wch raised it self up on one side, the Medes getting up first. And the three ribs in its mouth answers to the kingdoms of Babylon Egypt & Sardes, wch were in its possession but not as parts of it {sic} body, Babylon belonging to the body of the first beast & Egypt & Sardes to ye|t| body of the third.

In Daniels vision of the Ram & he Goat the two horns of the Ram answer to the kingdoms of Media & Persia under one Monarch & the higher horn (that of Persia) rose up last.

Of all things wch happened in the time of the Medo-Persian Empire the most memorable was the invasion of Greece by Xerxes, with an army of a million (some say ye two or three millions) of people: & this is thus described by Daniel There shall stand up yet three kings in Persia, & the fourth shall be far richer then they all: & by his strength through his riches he shall stir up all against the realm of Greece.

If from the seventh year of Artaxerxes Longimanus when Ezra came to Ierusalem with a Commission

T

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Herodotus tells us that \all/ Media was peopled by δήμοι unwalled towns with their villages untill they revolted from the Assyrians & built Ecbatane \the first city which they walled about/ with walls Troy was not walled before the days of Laomedon the father of Priam. Thebes was not walled before the reign of Amphion & Zethus who were contemporary to Laius the great grandson of Cadmus. And it will be difficult to name a town in all Europe wch was walled before the death of Solomon. \For/ Tools {sic} of iron for working in wood & stone were \not/ known in Europe before the days of Cadmus & Europa. The antiquities of Libya were not much older then those of Greece \Europe/: for Diodorus tells us that the Libyans had a tradition that Vranus the father of Hyperion & grandfather of Helius & Selene, that is Ammon the father {of} Sesak was their first king & |{sic} caused the people who \then/ wandered up & down to dwell in towns & cities & reducing them from a {illeg} lawless & salvage course of life| taught them to \use &/ lay up the fruits \taught them to {sic} use & lay up the fruits/ of the earth & do many things other things useful for mans life. And when Ioshua conquered the land of Canaan every city had its own kingof the Canaanites had it's own king \like the cities of Europe before the Olympiads/: which is an argument that towns began to be built there \in Canaan/ not many ages before For in the days of the Patriarchs they \wandred in Tents & through Canaan &/ fed their flocks wherever they pleased, the grownd fields of Phœnicia being not yet appropriated. {illeg} The eastern countries which were first inhabited by mankind were \in those days/ so thinly peopled that four kings from the coasts of Shinar & Elam invaded & spoiled the Rephaims \& the Zuzims & the remains/ & the inhabitants of the countries of Moab Ammon Amalec \Edom/ & Amalec & the kings of \the kingdoms/ Sodom Gomorrah Admal & Zeboim & yet were pursued & beaten by Abraham with an armed force of only 318 men, the whole force wch Abraham & the Princes confederate with him could raise. And Egypt was so thinly peopled before the death \birth/ of Moses that Pharaoh said the of the Israelites, Behold the people of the children of Israel are more & mightier then we, & to prevent their multiplying caused their & growing too strong, caused their male children to be drowned. [So the countries first inhabited by mankind were very thinly peopled in the days of Abraham, & the building of houses & towns which began upon the rivers Tigris & Euphrates was propagated thence into the neighbouring countries in the days of the Patriarchs & reached not Europe before the days of Eli & Samuel & David.] These footsteps there are of the first peopling of the earth by mankind not long before the days of the Patriarchs & of the build overspreading it with towns & cities untill & their growing into kingdoms first smaller & then greater untill the rise of the great monarchies of Egypt, \Elam,/ Assyria, Babylon, Media |&| Persia, Greece & Rome.

The third Beast

In the Vision of Daniels four Beasts |ye| third Beast \or Leopard answers to ye Greek Empire expresented by ye Goat & \&// reigned with four wings & four heads till the Romans conquered Macedon, & the fourth Beast answers to the conquering Romans. The three first Beasts had their dominion taken away: yet their lives were prolonged for a season (Dan 7 & time (Dan. 7.12,) that is \un/till the stone cut out of the mountain without hands falls upon the feet of the Image of four metalls & brake in pieces the iron the brass the silver & gold & they beca|o|me like chaff & we|a|re carried away by the wind (Dan & the stone beca|o|me|s| a great mountain & fille|s|d the earth, (Dan. 2.35 \Dan. 2.35/) that is untill the saints takethe kingdom (Dan {illeg} 2.3544 & 7.18. And therefore {illeg} all the four Beasts are still alive, {illeg} the first being \still/ the nations of Babylonia & Susiana, the second all the rest of the Persia beyond Tigris Euphrates, the third the nations of the Greek Empire on this side T Euphrates, & the fourth the nations of the Latine Empire on this side Greece. And the \second &/ third is|are| \further/ represented also \in another vision/ by the Ram & He Goat, the four heads & four wings of the third Beast \or Leopard/ denoting the same thing with the four horns of the Goat. Vpon the conquest of Macedon by the Romans the dominion \of the third Beast Leopard/ began to be taken away; yet its life was prolonged & in the \then under the type of/ the little horn \of the Ram Goat it/ grew exceeding great, but not by its own power, & upon the building of Constantinople & division of the Roman Empire between the Greeks & Latines the \Leopard he Goat {illeg} it/ survived in the Greek Empire & still survives in \under/ that of the Turks.

In Daniels vision of the Ram & He Goat, these Beasts denote the same thing with the Bear & Leopard in the former vision. As the Bear raised himself up on one side so the higher horn of the Ram rose up last. And as the Leopard had four heads & four wings so the Goat had four horns wch signify the same thing with the heads & wings of ye Leopard. The great horn between the eyes of the Goat – into smaller kingdoms.       All Daniels Beasts are still alive & the Goat still reigns by in his last horn but not by his own power.

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– but Hercules intercepted his recruits & at length slew him. In these wars Hercules took the Libyan world from Atlas & made Atlas pay tribute out of his golden Orchard the kingdom of Libya Afric. Antæus & Atlas were both of them sons of Neptune, both of them reigned over \all/ Afric to the very Ocean between Mout {sic} Atlas & the Mediterranean to the very ocean, both of them invaded Egypt & contended with Hercules, & therefore they are but two names of one & the same man. [The Egyptians might call Antæus, Atal-Antæus, cursed Antæus, & by contraction Atlantes, Atlans, Atlas.] ② The invasion of Egypt by Atlas Antæus Ovid hath relation unto where he make {sic} Hercules say – sævoqꝫ alimenta parentis, Antæo eripui. In the war of the Gods I delivered |rescued my fathers country| Egypt from Antæus] For ① The {noun} \name/ Atlas in the oblique cases seems to have been compounded of the name Antæus & someother word put before it. Thu in

And in the six year of the war, Anno Nabonass. 147, Cyaxeres wi & Alyattes by the intercession of Nebuchadnezzar & Siennisis king of Cilicia made peace with {illeg} \Cyaxeres having conquered/ as far as the river Halys, made peace with A Hlyattes king of Lydia, &

As far as the Mediterranean & the river Halys, & then turned their arms against the Persians. In the fourth year of Iehojakim For the kingdom of the Medes {sic} & that of the Medes continued distinct to the 4th year of Iehojakim or first of Nebuchadnezzar (Ier. 25.25) & even unto the first year of Zedekiah or 8th of Nebuchadnezzar (Ier 49.34.)

– at the taking of Babylon & therefore his fath grandfather Astyages was the father of A Cyaxeres & his mother Mandanes was the sister of Cy{ana} & his father. – Between Cyan The Oriental Historians therefore between Cyaxeres & Darius Hystaspis omit Darius Medius & Cyrus & Cambysses & confound the actions of Darius Medus wth those of Artaxerxes Longimanus. And whilst they

Chap. IV
Of the Kingdom of Elam.

The three first kings of this Dynasty they call Kai Cobad, Kai Kaus & Kai Cosroes, & derive the name Kaianides from the word Kai wch in ye old Persian language they say signified a Gyant or great king. The three next they call Lohorasp, Kischtasp, \&/ Bahaman & tell us that Bahaman was Ardshir Diraz that is Artaxerxes Longimanus, so called from the great extent of his power. And yet they say that Bahaman went westward into Mesopotamia & {sic} Syria & conquered Balthasar the son of Nebuchadnezzar & gave the kingdom to Cyrus his Lieuctenant general over Media Assyria & Chaldea: & here they take Bahaman for Darius Medus. By Kischtasp they mean Darius Histaspis ffor they say that he was contemporay {sic} to Zardust or Zoroaster & set up his religion |the legislator of the Ghebers or fire worshippers & established his doctrines| throughout all Pe\r/sia. They say also that this king was the son & successor of Lohorasp: whereas the Greeks tell us that he was the son of Hystaspes a Persian |Cyaxeres was too old to be the father of Darius Hystaspis & this Darius was the son of Hystaspes who a Persian who did not reign| who did not reign {sic}, & Lohorasp was too old to be the father of \Darius/ Hystaspes.

For the oriental historians say that Lohorasp was the first kīg of ye 2d Dynasty that who reduced their armies to good order & disciple {sic}; & Herodotus – – –] And by Lohorasp they mean Dariu Cyaxeres: for they say that Lohorasp was the first of their kings who reduced – – – – – taking of Nineveh. The oriental historians therefore between Cyaxeres & Darius Hystaspis omit Darius the Mede, Cyrus, & Cambyses, & confound the actions of Darius Medus wth those of Artaxerxes Longimanus. B{illeg} They say that Kischtasp was the son of Lohorasp whereas Darius whom they call Kischtasp was the son of Hystaspes a Persian who reigned not. They \By/ tell|ing| us that Lohorasp was the fourth king of the second Dynasty, they place the beginning of this Dynasty about three reigns or sixty years before the fall of Nineveh – – – an end to ye first Dy

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During \Vpon/ the revolt of the lower Egypt under Osar{illeg} Council sent the flower of Greece in the ship Argo on an Embassy to {Darius &} many other Princes \on the coasts of the Euxine & Mediterranean Seas/ subject to the king of Ægypt, to signify the distraction of Egypt & perswade them \{take} {sic} that opportunity/ to revolt & set up for themselves. And thus ended the great Empire of Egypt.

By the manufacturing of brass & iron they & making \of armour & of/ edged tools for hewing & carving of wood they brought into Europe a new way of making war & gave Minos an opportunity of setting out a fleet & gaining the dominion of the seas & set up the trades of Smiths & Carpenters in Greece wch are the foundation of all other manual arts. ffor at time Dædalus & his Nephew Talus \in the reign of Minos/ invented the chip-ax, & saw, & wimble, & perpendicular & compass & turning lath & glew, & therefore the trade of Carpenters was not older in Greece then the days of Minos Dædalus who was contemporary to Minos. |The fleet of Minos was without sails & Dædalus fled from it by adding sails to his vessel, & therefore ships with sails were not in use before the days of Minos.| And The same Curetes were as active about religion & for their skill & knowledge & mystical practises were accounted wise men & conjurers by the vulgar. In Phrygia their mysteries were about Rhea called also \Mater Deorum &/ Magna mater \& ma/ Deorum, & |from the places where she was worshipped| Idæa Phygia {sic} & Cybele {illeg} & Berecynthia & Pessinuntia & from the places where she was worshipped \& Dindyxene & Mygonia/.

the Curetes who thus introduced Letters & Music & poetry & arts, being a sort of Priests were no less active about religion

& be High Priest before Ezra wrote the sons of Levi in the book of Chronicles (Nehem XII.3) & in his High-Priesthood slay his younger brother Iesus before the end of the reign of the same king (Ioseph. Antiqu. l. xi. c. 7.) & Iaddua might be High Priest \before the death of Sanballat (Ioseph. ib) &/ before the death of Nehemiah (Nehem. XII.22) & \also/ before the end of the reign of Darius Nothus, & thereby give occasion to the Iosephus & the later Iews who took Da this king for the Darius whom last Darius, to fall into an opinion that Sanballat Iaddua & Manasses the younger brother of of {sic} Imanan \Iaddua/ lived till \the end of the reign of the last Darius who/ the days of \conquest of Darius by/ Alexander the great (who conquered the |last| Darius {sic}. (Ioseph. Antiq l. XI c. 7, 8.) And the said Manasses might mary Nicaso the daughter of Sanballat & for that offence be chased from Nehemiah in or neare the end of the reign of Artaxerxes Longimanus (Nehem. XIII.28) Ioseph Antiqu. l. XI. c. 7, 8.) & Sanballat might at that time be Satrapa of Samaria & soon after \in the reign of Darius Nothus or soon after/ build the Temple of the Samaritans in Mount Gerazim for his son-in-law Manasses the first High-priest of that Temple (Ioseph. Antiq. l. XI, c. 7, 8) & Simeon Iustus might be H. Prei\st/ when the Persian Empire was invaded by Alexander the great as the Iews represent \taking him for the same High Priest with Iaddua/ (Ioma fol. 69. 1. Liber Iuchasis. R. Gedaliah &c) & be dead sometime before the book of Eccleiasticus was writ in Hebrew \at Ierusalem/ by the gra\n/dfather of him who in ye 38th yeare of the Ægyptian Æra of Dionysius{illeg} that is in the 77th year after the death of Alexander the great met with & began to \a copy of it in Egypt & there/ translated it into Greek for the \use of the Iews in Egypt that country/ Ecclesiast. cap 4 in Prologo & cap. 4|5|0.) & Eliezer

[Editorial Note 26] <56v>

Hesiod reciting the fable of the four first ages of the world calls his own age the fift, & saith that the fourth ended it should end \& describes these ages to be so many generations each of wch ended when the/ when the men then living should grow grey grey with old age & \grew old &/ drop into the grave, & that the fourth age \was that of the Demi-Gods &/ ended with the warrs of Thebes & Troy The last {illeg}|m|an of the brazen age was Talus the son of Minos a \brazen man/ who was slain \in Crete/ by the Argonauts & therefore this age ended with the Argonautic expedition. Minos is called the son of Iupiter, but this phrase among the ancients signified nothing more then that he was the son of a king. Echemenes an ancient author cited by Athanæus \(lib. 13 p. 601)/ tells us that he was that Iupiter who committed the rape upon Ganimede. Chiron was born in the golden age being the son of Saturn & Philyra \He was also that Iupiter who was educated in mount Ida by the Idæi Dactyli & whose/ Sepulcher was shewn in Crete. Chiron was born in the golden age being the Son of Saturn & Philyra, He was born \& begotten/ (according to Apollodorus) while the Curetes Idæi educated Iupiter in the Cretan cave, & by consequence in the golden age & lived to the times of the Argonautick expedition. This Saturn was at length expelled Crete by his son & fled to Greece & thence to Italy where he was received by Ianus & from his lying hid in that country was called Saturn. So then this fable seem to have been a Cretan invention & signifies nothing more then the four first ages or {sic} \or generations/ of the Phœnician colonies wch came with Cadmus & Europa into Eup Europe, the first age comprehnding the reign of Asterius & Europa in Crete, the second that of Minos, the third the survivorship of his son Talus in Crete the children of Minos till the Argonautic expedition & death of Talus, & the fourth the age of his grandsons till the end of the Trojan war, A & Hesiod wrote in the fift. And these ages are nothing more then generations of an ordinary length, three of them making about an hundred years.

This is that Iupiter who \was famous \among the Greeks/ for justice & {illeg} \dominion &/ & who (according to Echemines/ committed the rape upon Ganimede (according to Echemenes an ancient author cited by Athenæus lib. XIII. p. 601,) & who that son so Iupiter the son of Saturn whose sepulchre (according to Cicero (de natura Deorum l. 3.) was shown in Crete. ffor the Scholiast upon Callimachus lets us know that this was the sepulchre of Minos.

This is that Iupiter who \expelled his father from his kingdom &/ was famous among the Greeks for justice & dominion, & who according Echemenes {sic} a[54] an ancient Author committed the rape upon Ganimede. Lucian b[55] tells us that the Cretans affirmed did not only relate that Iupiter was born and buried among them but also shewed his Sepulchre And Porphyrius c[56] that Pythagoras went down into the Idæan cave to see his Sepulchre. {illeg}

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may understand that he reigned in Crete after letters were brought into Europe by the Phœnicians & by consequence was Asterius the father of Minos & first king of Sicily \Crete/. ffor Saturn was a king. Apollonius Rhodius[57] lets us know tells us that while Iupiter was was {sic} educated by the \Idean/ Curetes in the Cretan cave, Saturn |then| |reigning| deceived Rhea & of Philyra begat Chiron. Here Saturn & |Rhea| |& their son| Rhea & Iupiter \& Rhea/ are Asterius & his wife Europa & their Son Midas, & \the two first kings of Crete {illeg} \to/ Rhea is/ his Queen Europa the mother of Minos \Europa & their son Minos/. Europa died|ying| first & therefore was deified first by the Curetes in Thra \Phrygia./ Asterius not favouring the Curetes in Crete {illeg} \them/ they deified her under the names of Rhea, Cybele & Magna mater: in imitation \& after the death of Minos the Curetes in Crete deified him under the name of Iupiter/ & the Latines deified Saturn Asterius under the name of Saturn, & the Cretans Minos under the name of Iupiter.

And as the Egyptians Phœnicians & Syrians in those {days} deified their own kings so upon their coming into Asia minor & Greece wth Cadmus & Sesostris they taught those nations to do the like. Herodotus tells us that the Phœnicians who came with Cadmus brought many doctrines into Greece. For amongst those Phœnicians were a sort of men called Curetes – – – – instituted their mysteries.

Now Minos King of Crete is that Iupiter who expe was educate in a Cave by the Curetes & expelled his father from his kingdom & was famous among the Greeks for justice & dominion being in those days the greatest king in all Greece, & who according to Echemenes, {sic} very ancient author cited by Athenæus,[58] committed the rape of Ganimede. Lucian tells us – – – – – – deified Asterius b under the name of Saturn. |In those days all kings were called Iupiters, & in that sense Minos was the son of called the son of Iupiter but Minos himself was the great Iupiter of the Cretans.|

And from these originals it came into fashion κτεριζειν parentare, to celebrate the funerals of their dead fathers – – – – & the Greeks did it all the eminent Grecians beginning with the Phœnician \them/ with sacrifices & invocations. The Curetes did it first to all the eminent Phœnicians & after their example the Greeks did it to all the eminent Greeks, & every man might do it to his ancestors. In this manner they worshipped honoured Europa the sister \of Cadmus as above/ & Minos & Rhadamanthus the|is| nephews & of Cadmus & Ino his daughter & Melicertes the son of Ina, & Bacchus the son of his daughter Semele & Aristæus the husband of his daughter Autonoe & Iasion the brother of his wife Harmonia. & In this manner they honoured \&/ Hercules the son of Alcmena {illeg} descended from Andromeda & Æsculapius the son of Apollo or Orus & Machaon the son of Æsculapius & Palemocrates the son of Machaon. In this manner they honoured Pandion & Theseus kings of Athens Hippolytus the son of Theseus, Pan the son of Penelope, Ceres, Proserpina Triptolemus, – – – – – – – – {Ialous} & {illeg} that they were of an Egyptian \so as to be called Dij magni majorum gentium./ Sesostris conquered Thrace & Deucalion Thrace \Amphictyon who was/ contemporary to Sesostris brought the \twelve Gods from/ thence into Greece. And b|B|y the names of the cities of Egypt dedicated to them you may kn many of these Gods & by their hieroglyphical symbols you may knw that they were of an Egyptian original.

For in those days the writing of the Thebans &c

Europa dying first was first deified. She was deified by her countrimen the Curetes in Phrygia the Curetes in Thrace n \Asterius not favouring/ the Curetes in Crete not being favoured by Asterius. Afterwards And \about the same time or soon after/ soon after {sic} Ceres was deified in Attica & Samothrace, & Asterius in Italy & Minos in Crete where they were buried & the|i|se were|as| the oldest & fals Gods in Thrace \original of Idolatry in Phrygia/ Greece & Italy.

About the same time the

Asterius not favouring the Curetes in Crete, {illeg} Europa was deified by the Curetes in Phry

About the same time that Europa was by her countrimen \& Asterius wer deified in Phrygia & Italy/ the Curetes in {illeg} deified in Attica & Samothrace. with And from these originals {illeg} the Baalim & As{illeg}teroth, the Gods & Goddesses of the nations {illeg} Gentiles sometime worshipped by the Iudg Israel in the {illeg}

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As the Egyptians \Priests/ had the ages of their Gods which lasted \& these ages lasted/ during the reign of Amosis, Amnon, Sesac & Orus, & recconed Menes \the first kings of all Egypt & Menes was recconed/ their first King who reigned after the Gods; ✝ < insertion from lower down f 55v > ✝ so the Curetes & Phœnician Colonies had the ages of who came into \Crete &/ Greece with Cadmus & Europa & Cadmus \imitating after the example of the Egyptians/ had the ages of their Gods wch lasted during the the {sic} reign of Asterius, Minos, Deucalion the son of Minos & Idomeneus \the grandson of Minos/ the four first kings of Crete the greatest kingdom then in Greece. For Hesiod < text from higher up f 55v resumes > so the Greeks had the ages of their Gods \beginning with the Phenician Colonies & ending with the Trojan war/ & these they recconed by the reigns of Asterius, Minos, Deucalion \the son of Minos/ & Idomeneus \his grandson {successive}/ kings of Crete the greatest kingdom then in Greece. & called the golden silver brazen & iron ages For Hesiod recconing up the four ages of the Gods \& Demigods/ tells us that the fourth ended with the wars of Thebes & Troy describes them to be \{each}/ so many generations each of which ended when the men of that generatio then living grew old & dropt into the grave, & tells us that the fourth ended with the wars of Thebes & Troy. And Apollonius Rhodius saith that when the Argonauts came to Crete they slew Talus the son of Minos a brazen man & the last man of the brazen age. [He was one of the sons of Minos & therefore the sons of Minos flourished in the brazen age & that age ended with the Argonautic expedition. And others tellus us that Chiron who lived till that expedition was the son of Saturn {illeg} \begot of Philyra/ in the golden age while |[{sic} that Saturn while he reigned in Olymp &| Iupiter was educated by the Idean Curetes in the Cretan cave \begot Chiron of Philyra]/. Talus was one of M the son of Minos & therefore the sons of Minos flourished in the brazen age & Idomeneus the \son of Deucalion &/ grandson of Minos was forc \was expelled/ the kingdom of Crete {illeg} at the end of the Trojan war, & Chiron \the son of Saturn born in the golden age/ lived till \after/ the Argonautic expedition & therefore might be almost as old as Minos & scarce older born in the reign of Alterius & not before.

Now Asterius & Minos were the two first kings of Crete & therefore the Saturn & Iupiter of the Cretans, & Europa was their Rhe ffor Saturn was a king & reigned in the same kingdom with his son \& Minos was the greatest king of the Cretans & therefor their Iupiter/. And Europa being the Queen of Asterius & mother of Minos, must be their Rhea. Apollonius Rhodius tells us that She came into Europe at the same time with the Curetes & therefore the Iupiter who was educated by the Curetes in the Idæan cave could not be older then her son. A He is In those days all kings were called Iupiters & in that sense Minos is called the son of Iupiter: but he himself was the t|g|reast {sic} king of in all Greece in those days & by consequence their greatest Iupiter Apollonius Rhodius tells us that Saturn, while he reigned on \over/ the {Trion} Olympus & Iupiter was educated by the Idæan Curetes in the Cretan Cave, deceived Rhea & of Philyra begot Chiron. Now Chiron lived in the reign of Asterius \& Europa/ & not earlier. Lucian tells us – – – – – Europe by the Phenicians & by consequence was not earlier then Asterius Europa dying first was first deified \under the name of Rhea. She was deified/ by the Curetes in Phrygia, Asterius not favouring the Curetes in Crete. {illeg} a|A|fterwards Asterius was deified by the name of \became the/ Saturn by \of/ the Latines & Minos by the name of th \being buried in Crete became/ |the| \celebrated/ Iupiter of the Cretans.

Now Asterius & Minos were the two first kings of Crete & Minos was their greatest king, & Europa the was the Queen of Asterius & mother of Minos; \the Curetes were her country-men & attendants/ & therefore these three must be the Saturn & Rhea & Iupiter of the Cretans. Minos is usually called the Son of Iupiter but Asterius could not be \the Cretan/ Iupiter the Son of \the Cretan/ Saturn because he was the first king of Crete. In those days all kings {illeg}|were| called Iupiters, & in that sense Minos was called the son of Iupiter, but he himself was the great Iupiter of the Cretans, being the greatest king of the Cretans & even the greatest king in all Greece in those days. Europa came into Crete at the same time with the Curetes, if not before them & therefore – – – – – her son. Apollonius Rhodius – – –

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Such was the Moloch whose worship was forbidden by Moses Levit. 20.2, 5. the Baal Peor \of Moab/ whom the Israelites worshipped in Shittim Num 25 & the Baalin & Asteroth of {sic} the nations or kings Gods & Godesses.

Such were the Baalim & Asteroth, the Gods & Godesses of the Canaanites of the Gentiles in the days of the Iudges                      & the Dæmons or Ghosts whom the Israelites were not to worship       & the Moloch to whom they were not to sacrifice their children.

\& every city \& people/ all first worshipped only its one {sic} Kings & Queens./ Such were their Gods & Godesses caled Baalim & Asteroth, the Dæmons or Ghosts of dead men to whom they sacrificed, & the Moloch to whom they offered their Children, in the days of \Abraham/ Moses & the Iudges. Levit. \17.7 &/ 20.2, 5. Num. 25.2, 3. Iosh. 24.2. Iud. 2.13 The worship of such Gods spread by degrees partly by alliances & partly by conquest untill Sesostris at length by conquest

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doves in the ancient fables of the Greeks are put for Priestesses, as Bochart has shewed. And, saith Herodotus, the Oracle at Dodona is the oldest in Greece & is very like that at the Egyptian Thebes, & the way of divining in Temples came from Egypt. ‡ < insertion from lower down f 57r > ‡ The chief use of Oracles was to back the authority of Lawmakers \in matters both civill & religious with divine authority/. Minos was a great \king & a great/ lawmaker & went every eight years into the cave of the Cretan Iupiter pretending that his laws were then dic at those times dictated to him by that God. Sesach was the greast ye greate King & the greatest lawmaker of Egypt. And he had an Oracle \of Iupiter/ in his royal city Thebes. {illeg} [This Iupiter the Greeks called the Theban Iupiter meaning Iupiter Ammon. ffor the Egyptian name of Thebes was Ammon-no, wch the Greeks translated Διόσπολις. Dio <57v> dorus tells us that the Oracle \Temple/ of Iupiter Ammon in Libya, where Alexander the great consulted the Oracle of that God, was built by Danaus, & no doubt he built it \in the reign of his brother Sesak/ for governing the Libyans & bringing them under the laws of Egypt. The Pelasgians erected the temple of Iup & Oracle of Iupiter Dodonæus, & this Temple was common to the whole nation, that is, the Deputies of their cities met at set times of the year to sacrifice & \mak/ {illeg} consult about \consider of/ the common welfare of the cities & consult the Oracle about it, & the people also met to feast & buy & sell \or cause it to be consulted for backing \laws & {kings sentiments}/ their sentiments with some authority./ \for giving authority to their counsels resolutions/ Before this Oracle was erected, the peop Grecians had no particular names of several Gods but called them all by the general name of Gods. By the dictates of this Oracle of Dodona the Pelasgians received the names of the Gods of Egypt & propagated them into all Greece.

One of the most famous Oracles of Greece was the Delphic – – – – Rehoboams when Sesostris was invading had left his brother Danaus governour of Egypt & was invading the nations but had not yet begun to invade Greece. By the dictates of this Oracle & the prophesying of Pegasus, Melampus & Orpheus \the Greeks received/ the worship of Bacchus was spread < text from higher up f 57r resumes > These being the Oracles of the Egyptian Iupiter were erected after the death of Ammon. For he was the Iupiter to whom the city Thebes (called Ammon-no by the Egyptians \& Διος-πολις by the seventy/) was dedicated; & Diodorus tells us that the Temple \of Iupiter Ammon/ in Libya, where Alexander the great consulted the Oracle, was built by Danaus. |And these examples were soon followed by erecting several other Oracles both in Egypt & Greece|

One of the most famous Oracles of Greece was the Delphic. Acrisius founding an Amphictyonic Council of about twelve neighbouring cities to meet every spring & autumn at Delphos, built the Temple \of Delphus for them to meet in & sacrifice in & make laws for the cities/ & set up this Oracle in it for {illeg} establishing their resolutions \& committed the temple to their care/. And the first Priestess was Phemonoe or Phanothea the wife of Icarius. She invented hexameter verses & gave her Oracles in them. Clemens saith that she began to give Oracles to Acrisius seven & twenty years before the days of Orpheus Musæus & Linus.[59] She \{illeg}/ predicted that the God Bacchus should come in the days of Icarius, & when came Icarius received from him a present of wine |he came he presented Icarius with wine & lay with his daughter Erigona|. From all which \circumstances/ I gather that this Oracle was erected neare the end of Solomons reign |or \in/ the beginning of Rehoboams wch|hen| Sesostris was invading the east nations.|

[60]In the beginning /Before Oracles were erected\ the Greeks had no particular names of Gods but called them only by the general names of Gods. The Delphic Oracle By the dictates of the Oracle of Dodona the Pelasgians received the names of the Gods of Egypt \before any other Oracle was erected/ & propa\ga/ted them into all Greece,[61] & \soon after/ by the dictates of the Delphic Oracle \& prophesying of M{eloipus}, Orpheus & Pegasus,/ the Greeks received the worship of Bacchus; but under these names \they/ worshipped their own dead men, it being usual to consecrate the dead by new names, as by giving the name of Bacchus to the son of Semele, the name of Hercules to the son of Alcmena, the name of Pan to the son of Penelope, the name of Iupiter to Minos, the name of Neptune to Erechtheus & Æolus, the name of Mars to the father of Alcippa, The name of Mercury to the son of Maia, The name of Thetis to ye mother of Achilles, the names of the Muses to the daughters of Pierus. And sometimes they gave them new Greek names, as the name of Leucothea to Ino the daughter of Cadmus{illeg} & that of Palæmon to {her} son Melicertes. And this confusion of names & persons has very much clouded the history of the {illeg} ages of the Gods.

The use of Oracles was to give laws to

[Editorial Note 27] <58v>

The use of Oracles was \were set up/ to give laws to the nations people. For this end they were originally set up by kings & great men & consulted \used/ by the ancient lawmakers. {Anacharses} \Zeleuchus/ pretended to receive his laws from the Goddes Vesta, Numa his from the Goddess Egeria, Minos his from the Cretan Iupiter, Lycurgus backt his laws by ye authority of the Delphic Oracle. When the Pelasgians built the Temple for all the city of of Iupiter Dodenaus for all the cities of Pelasgia, they set u & Acrisius built the temple of {illeg} \Apollo at/ Delphos for \all/ the Amphictyonic Council, they would me cities who met \there/ in the Amphyctionic Council & committed the care of the Temples to ye Councils who met in them \to consult of public affairs/: they would never have erected Oracles in those Temples \without knowing how to make use {of} them. For if the weomen of/ ffor {illeg} the Priestesses \weomen {sic}/ who delivered the Oracles \should have/ given other laws to Pelasgia & to the Cities of the under the Amphy|i|ctyonic council, then such as were agreeable to the mind of the Councils who governed the Temples & appointed the Priestesses which met & presided in those Temples, the Counsellours would have met to no purpose. The Councils had the government of the Temples in their hands & were able to inquire into every thing done therin & to put in & turn out any of the Priestesses & therefore could not be imposed upon by them, but knew how \by their means/ to impose upon the people by them who had it not in their power to inquire into what was done in the Temples. And the same is to be understood of the Oracles [erected {illeg} in the Temple of Iupiter in Thebes the Metropolis of Egypt & that erected in the Temple of Iupiter Ammon in Libya] of Iupiter in Egypt & Libya from whence the Greeks had the use of them Ammon & Osiris b The Temple in Theb of Iupiter in \Thebes/ the royal city of Egypt was {illeg} built by the king of Egypt t The king of Egypt who built ye Temple of Iupiter in his royal city Thebes, & his viceroy Dan{illeg}|a|us who built ye Temple of Iupiter Ammon in Libya, would never have permitted weomen to give laws to all Egypt & Libya by delivering Oracles in their Temples, had they not known how to give laws to ye weomen. Ammon & Sesostris \Osiris/ being great conquerors gave laws to their people & these Oracles shew by what method the & so did Isis after the death of her husband by the assistance of Mercury & these Oracles shew what method they \was/ used to establish their laws. //Osiris divided all Egypt into 36 Nomes or Provinces & built a Temple for every Nome & ordered the Temples in such manner that every No the people of every Nome met in their own Temple up at set times of the year to sacrifice \worship/ to their own God with sacrifices & feasting & to buy & sell & consult for ye welfare of the Nome & several {illeg} Nomes worshipped several Gods after several manners: & for Osiris to set up such a constitution \of many {illeg} religions/ in Egypt required the authority of an Oracle. Or, if you please, it required the authority of an Oracle in every Nome. And therefore he erected Oracles [in the Temples of the Nomes for the use of the Counsel wch m of the Nome wch met in he Temple. T Some of wch Oracles remained in vogue till the days of Herodotus, Th a] to ye several Gods of the Nomes some of wch contiued {sic} in use th \vogue/ till the days of Hercules Herodotus,[62] as the Oracles of Hercules, {illeg} that of Apollo, that of Minerva, that of Diana, that of Mars, that of Iupiter. But of all the{illeg} Oracles that at Buti of Latona in the city Buti remained most in credit. These Oracles were not all alike, but delivered themselves after different manners. {illeg} \Whence/ it seems to me that as every Nome had its own Tem God & its own Temple & its own Counci way of worship & its own Council wch met in the Temple of its God, so it had an Oracle of its \own/ God for ye use of the Council \by wch the King Council/ gave laws to the Nome till the religion of every \the/ Nome was established. And these were the means by wch Osiris set up the worship of his father Orus Ammon & Isis & Orus set & Mercury set up the worship of their dead friends in Egypt as fast as they died.

And after the example of the Ægyptians did the like the kings of Greece did the like in their kingdoms. Before Oracles began to be erected in Greece, the Greeks had not several names for several Gods but called them all by the general names of Gods.

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And for ye same reason the principal temples of Egypt & Greece wch were in the hands of lawmakers had Oracles in them, as the Temples of Delphos where the Amphictyonic Council met to make laws for Greece: the Temple at Dodona wch the Rh Pelasgians built by the Pelasgians for all their nation, the Tem

Oracles were set up by kings & great men for giving laws to the people Zeleucus pretended to receive his laws from ye nymph the Goddess Vesta, Numa his from the Goddess Egeria, \Minos his from the Cretan Iupiter/ Lycurgus backt his laws by authority of the Delphic Oracle. Minos his by the a \{illeg}/ When Acrisius erected the Amphictyonic council & built a Temple for their use to meet in & sa at Delphos for them to meet in, \to give credit to the Council/ he added set up an Oracle in the Temple \to give credit to the laws of yt Council/ [not for the woman who delivered the Oracles to give laws to ye Council, but for the Council by the woman \Oracles/ to give laws to all the Cities. ffor who sent Elders to the Council. ffor the Amphictyons or Elders of the Cities who met & composed the Council were had the management of the affairs of the Temple in their hands {illeg} wth authority to exam put in examin & turn out the Priestesses who delivered the Oracles.] And the same is to be understood of \all/ the Oracles of in all the Temples built by public authority such as were the Temple of Iupiter Dodonæus at Dodona built by the Pelasgians for all {illeg} their cities, \the temple of Iupiter Olympus in Olympia neare Elis,/ the Temple of Iupiter at Thebes the Metropolis of Egypt built by the king of Egypt, the temple of Iupiter Ammon in Libya built by Danaus in the reign of his brother Sesostris, & as many of the Temples of the Nomes or Provinces of Egypt as had Oracles in them. For \Sesostris divided Egypt into 36 Nomes & built a Temple for every Nome and/ all these Temples were gove \had thei/ had Councils ove had their Councils of Elders who met at set times of the year to consult of the \common/ affairs of the Cities \Nome &/ {sic} \its/ gover\n/ment of the Temple & to sacrifice & feast the people \of the Nome/ also comming together to sacrifice & feast & buy & sell. ffor ye severall Nomes had their several Gods & several ways of worshipping their Gods & these Gods had their Oracles, the Herodotus tells that there was one Oracle of some of which continued in vogue till the days of Herodotus as the Oracles of Hercules Apollo \in their cities, that of/ Minerva \in the City Sais/ Diana \in the city Bubaste, that of/ Mars \in the city {Pamuretonis} that of Iupiter – {illeg} that in the {illeg}/ Iupiter: but of all the Oracles that of Latona in ye City Buti remained most in repute. And indeed I see not how Sesostris coud set up 36 religions in Egypt And these Oracles were not all alike but delivered themselves after different \manners/. And in{deed} I do no {sic} see how Sesostris could have set up 36 so many religions in Egypt as there were Nomes & Temples if he had not furnished every |the| Temple of every Nome with an Oracle in the beginning.

\ tells us that/ Before the Greeks began to set up Oracles they had no variety of names for various Gods, but called them all \only/ by the common name of Gods. By the dictates of the Oracle of Dodona & – – – history of the ages of the Gods.

When Bacchus invaded Greece he was entertained by Amphictyon & Pegasus the sons of Deucalion, & in memory thereof there were made set up \at Athens/ in a cell consecrated to Bacchus many earthen statues & amongst them the statue of Deucalion enterteining Amphy|i|ctyon enterteining Bacchus & {illeg}the{illeg} Gods & in in a banquet. And amongst them was \that of/ Pegasus of Eleutheris who first introduced the worship of Bacchus amongst the Athenians, & did it by the authority of ye Delphic Oracle. This is that Amphictyon who by the advice of Acrisius erected the Amphictyonic Council, appointing it to meet every spring & autumn both at Delphos in the Temple of Apollo & at Thermopylæ in ye temple of Ceres \or at at {sic} one of those places in spring & at the other in autumn/. They tell us that when the rain fell wch overflowed Thessaly \& {Pellion}/ he fled where he reigned \& caused his flood/, he fled from the rain to Athens & in memory of his escape built there a Temple to Iupiter φιξιος φεύξιος \Phixius/. This cannot be understood litterally bu wthout a miracle, for Athens where the Temple of Iupiter Phyxius stood was lower then Thessaly & {Pellion} & no man wthout a divine admonition would fly from rain before the he was in danger by the rising of the water \& then the water would/ so high <57v> as to hinder his flight. Iupiter Phyxius signifies the \ye/ Iupiter ye savior \saviour/ of them that fly, [that is of them that fly from an enemy \danger/] And this|e| enemy I take to be \flood from wch Deucalion fled I take to be the invasion of his kingdom by Bacchus/ Bacchus {sic}. When Bacchus wth his army invaded the kingdom of Deucalion, h|H|e fled wth his son Amphictyon to Athens |&| There {sic} they \they/ made their peace wth Bacchus. & \For there/ Amphictyon entertained Bacchus \Bacchus/ & his men great men at a feast \& erected an altar to him/ & \there/ Deucalion erected an altar to ye 12 Gods \of Egypt & in memory of his escape instituted an annual ffestival to/ [& a Temple to {sic} Iupiter Phyxius in memory of his escape] And by these & such like practises the worship of the Dij magni majorum gentium was set on foot in Greece. Deucalion is reputed a scythian & commin probably coming with an armed forc a body of Scythians invaded Thessaly \& erected a kingdom there/ a little before the expedition of Sesostris. Some tell us that Hellen the father of {illeg} Æolus Zathus & Dorus was the son (from \whom/ the Greeks were called Hellens) was the son of Deucalion others that he was the son of Iupiter. Certainly he was older then Bacchum the \not the son of/ Deucalion who the father of |yt| Amphictyon who enterteined Bacchus.

<59r>

Herodotus tells us[63] that the Phœnicians who came with Cadmus brought many doctrines into Greece. ffor amongst those Phenicians were a sort of men called Curetes[64] who \were skilled in arts & sciences above other men &/ setled some in Phygia {sic} where they were called \also/ Corybantes, some in Crete where they were called Idæi Dactyli from the mountain Ida & the use of their hands in manual arts they were called Idæi Dactyli, some setled in Samothrace where they were called Cabyri, some in Rhodes where they were called Telchines, some in Eubæa where \before the invention of iron/ they wrought first in Copper in a city call thence called Chalcis, & some in Lemnos, Imbrus & other places. And a considerable body of them setled in Ætolia wch was thence called the country of the Curetes untill Ætolus the son of Endymion invaded it & called it by his own name. Where they setled they wrought \first/ in copper & then in iron, & when they had made themselves armour they danced in it at the sacrifices appearing seized with a divine fury with tumult & clamour & bells & pipes & drumms & wepaons wth wch they struck upon one anothers armour in musical time, appearing seized with a divine fury. And this is recconed the original of music in Greece. Studium musicum inde cœptum cum Idæi Dactyli modulos crepitu & tinnitu æris deprehensos in versificum ordinem transtulissent: Solinus Polyhist. c. 11. Studium musicum ab Idæis Dactylis cœptum. Origen l. 14. c. 6 Clemens[65] calls the Idæi Dactyli barbarians & saith that they were reputed the first wise men to whom both the letters wch they call Ephesian & the invention of musical rhimes is re
ferred. It seems that when the Phenician letters ascribed to Cadmus were bought into Greece they were \at the same time/ brought also into Phrygia {illeg} & Crete by the Curetes who setled in those countries. {illeg} Ephesian letters from ye place where they were taught in Phrygia & called Ephesian from the city Ephesus where they were first taught. [66]For the Curetes & particularly the Idæi Dactyli who found out iron, invented man & taught many other things usefull to life & for their skill & knowledge \& mystical actions/ were accounted \wise men &/ conjurers. In Phrygia their mysteries were about Rhea called Cybele & Magna mater: in Crete they were about her son Iupiter. They represented that when Iupiter was born in Crete {illeg} his mother Rhea caused him to be educated in a cave in mout {sic} Ida under their care & tuition & that they danced about him in armour with a great noise that his father Saturn might not hear him cry & when he was grown up assisted him in conquering his father Saturn, & in memory of these things instituted their mysteries in Crete

And hence I conclude that the Iupiter of the Idæi Dactyli was Minos. For they came into Crete with Europa & her brother Atymaus just before Minos was born, attended on him all his life & went with him into Sicily just before \went with him into Sicily &/ were left by him in Sicily \there/ at his death. Asterius & Minos were the two first kings of all Crete mentioned in history & on that account the Saturn & Iupiter of the kingdom. Minos was the most potent & potent \famous/ of all the kings of Crete & on that account |so| deserves the name of \the Cretan/ Iupiter above them all. He was the Lawmaker of Crete & was so famous for justice as to be accounted the chief judge of Hell, & {illeg} hence justice became the distinguishing character of Iupiter. Minos \He/ was the greatest warrior & \having the dominion of the seas was the/ most potent king in of all the kings of Greece in his time \& the first who gained the dominion of ye seas having the dominion of the seas/ & therefore deserves above them all to be painted wth a scepter in one hand & a thunderbolt in the other. He was the Law maker of Crete & was so famous for justice as to be accounted the judge of hell & hence justice became the principal chracter of Iupiter. Europa being a Phenician would be apt to commit the care of her child to her countriemen the Curetes who came with her into the Island \& by their instructions he became so wise & just./ Mount Ida was excavated by art wth \many/ walks & <59v> intricate passages wch they called the Labyrinth & \there/ they might secure & educate the child. There they \might/ dig exca minerals & make armour first of iron & then of copper & then of iron & by the help of this armour after Minos was grown up \they might/ overcome the native Cretans expell Asterius & set Minos on the throne, & then celebrate these actions by by {sic} dancing in armour at the sacrifices. He was buried in the same {illeg} cave where he was educated: for d[67] Pythagoras went down into the Idæan cave to see his sepulchre. Whence Lucian e[68] tells us that the Cretans do not only relate that Iupiter was born & buried among them but also shew his sepulchre. And Cicero f[69] in numbring three Iupiters saith that the third was the Cretan Iupiter Saturn's son whose sepulchre was shown in Crete & the Scholiast upon Callimachus g[70] lets us know that this was the sepulchre of Minos. By Saturn Cicero who was a Latine understands the Saturn of the Latines: for when Saturn was expelled his kingdom he fled from Crete by sea into Italy. In those days the Greeks called all kings Iupiters & all their sons bastard sons the sons of Iupiter & in that sense Minos was called the son of Iupiter. But becaus the \father of Minos/ {sic} fled into Italy & there lay hid from th |Minos was \absolutely/ the greatest king of \Crete/ the Cretans & their lawgiver they worshipped him above all other kings & {their} & his worship under the name of remained after their other kings were forgotten. And because his father fled into Italy & there lay hid| the Latines called hs|m| \father/ Saturn & their country \Saturnia/ Latium & themselves Latines. //About the same time, some other Greeks carried colonies into Italy as Oenotrus the younger son of Lycaon & Ianus who received Saturn into part of his kingdom. And this was the first memory of things done in Italy. |For the reign of this Saturn was the golden age of ye Latines.|

The Saturn who according to the Latine Poets reigned in the golden age \& was expelled by his father/ was the Saturn of the Latines, & therefore the Iupiter who reigned in the silver age was Minos. For Deucalion's flood wch preceded the four ages, was, according to the Marble, about 10 years before the coming of Cadmus into Europe \that is, just before the reign of Asterius or in the beginning thereof/. And Apollonius tells us[71] that Chiron was begot of Phylira by Saturn in the golden age when Iupiter was educated among the Idæi Dactyli, [72]& that Talus \who was/ the son of Minos & guarded the Island Crete \in copper armour/ was the last man of the brazen age & died when the Argonauts in returning home arrived at that Island. These \three/ ages therefore had a particular respect to the kingdom of Crete in the days of Asterius, Minos & the sons of Minos, & Hesiod tells us expresly that ye fourth age ended with the destruction of Troy. therefore \& by consequence/ the fourth age was the age in wch the grandsons of Minos flourished: for Hesiod tells us expresly[73] that the fourth age ended with the wars at|of| Thebes & Troy.

Hesiod describes these four ages to be four generations of men every one of wch ended when ye men of the generation dropt into the earth & were deified \& a new generation arose/, & saith that he himself lived in the fift age wch should come to an end \be destroyed by Iupiter/ when the men of that age \should/ grow hoary headed; & describing every age to be worse then the former \he/ translates the name of the iron age from the fourth to his own as being the worst of the five. And since Chiron was born in the golden age & lived till the Argonautic expedition or a little longer, the silver age & copper age could not exceed the length of ordinary generations. {ffrom} the coming of Europa & \&/ Cadmus into Greece to & the Curetes into Crete & Greece to ye destruction of Troy was about 134 years which being divided into four equal parts \ages/ {illeg} makes a allows about 33 or 34 years to a generation an age or an hundred years to three ages & of this length were \the two first ages together extending to the death of Minos/ the third {illeg} ages extending fom the death of Minos to ye end of ye Argonautic expedition & the fourth extending from thence to the taking of Troy. |I begin these ages wth the coming of the Idæi Dactyli into Crete because by what has been said above there|at| \para {sic}/ seems to be a parable {feigned} by them in Crete in honour of their Iupiter.|

In the first of these four ages men lived on \spontaneus fruits of the earth such as were/ roots, hearbs, berries apples, peares, acorns & other spontane In the & other spontaneus fruits of the earth without \the labour of/ plowing & sowing. In the second Ceres & Triptolemus taught the Greeks \began/ to plow & sow & make bread & grow potent at <60r> sea & by the invention of iron to multiply arts. In the third they grew more warlike but used armour & weapons & utensils of copper, iron bei the use of iron, as Hesiod lets us know, being not yet spread abroad. In the end of the third & beginning of the fourth they \invented the constellations &/ built a long ship & began to make long voyages at sea. In the fourth they increased their riches in metalls, improved navigation & grew more injurious & violent then before. And these are the characters of the four ages given by \according to/ the Poets.

Before the first age men worshipped the supreme Iupiter Iove. In the end of the first age, {illeg} out of flattery, they began to call all kings by the name of Ioves Iupiters, & continued to do so till the beginning of the third: whence Iup Niop|b|e ye daughter of Alcmena \Phoroneus/ is called \accounted/ the first woman & Alcmena the last with whom Iupiter lay. In this interval therefore we are to look for the reign of Iupiter & \&/ the silver age.

The people of Elis in giving an account of their own originals say [74]that Saturn reigned first in the kingdom of heaven & that the men who reigned in \were called/ the golden age built a temple to him in Olympia, & that his wife Rhea when Iupiter was born committed the custody of the child to the Idæi Dactyla {sic} otherwise called Curetes & that five of these Idæi Dactyli (whose names were Hercules, Pæonius, Epimedes, Iasius & Idas{)} coming afterwards from \mount/ Idas in Crete Ida a mountain in Crete into Elis, there instituted the game of racing once in four years, wch was the original of the Olympic games. The Iupiter of the Idæi dactyli & the Parable of the reign of Saturn & Iupiter in ye golden & siver {sic} ages was certainly brought by them into Greece & being formed by them commenced with their first coming into Crete.

And because they brought the celebration of the Olympic games into Greece, it may be recconed \concluded/ that they came from Phœnicia. For those games were celebrated at Tyre \in honour of the Tyrian Hercules/ before the conquest of Tyre \Phœnici/ by Alexander the great Phœnicia by the Greeks

And since those games were celebrated at the end of every four years & Minos consulted Iupiter every eight years about his laws |the space of eight years was the a[75] Annus magnus of Cadmus & b[76] Minos & was used c[77] in many religions of Greece as in celebrating the Ludi Pythici at {Greece} Delphos| we may reccon that the Octaeteris & Tetraeteris was|ere| brought \from {Greece}|Phœnicia|/ into Greece b Crete & Greece \from Phœnicia/ by the Curetes. The Dieteris was soon after brought into Greece by the Egyptians in celebrating the Bacchinalia. ffor knowing upon what days the festivals were to be observed the ancients had \could not be without/ a Calendar, & this|eir| Calendar \year/ consisted of 12 months \&/ each \month/ of 30 days., Whence in all of 360 days whence came the division of a circle into 360 equal parts. But in applying this |So when the Athenians whose year was Lunisolar erected 360 statues to Demetrius Phalareus according to ye number of days in the year, they numbred the days in their Calendar year. But in applying this| Calendar to ye course of the Sun & Moon, the Priests dropt a day or two in the month as often as they found the Calends Calendar month too long for ye course of the Moon & added a month to ye year as often as they found a month the Calendar year too short for the course seasons of the year. |And| B|b|y adding a month every other year except once in eight years they formed the Dieteris, Tetraeteris & Octaeteris. For Herodotus[78] Dionysius Halicarnasseus \Plutarch/ & Censorinus let us know that the \ancient Greeks & Latines/ added a month every other year to ma & this intercalary month must be lunar, that the year may be Lunisolar, & be omitted once in eight years to make <60v> the year agree wth the heavens. \For the ancient Greeks & Latines intercaled but three months in eight years/ And this I take to be the {illeg} \ancient/ constitution of the Lunisolar year before the Greeks reformed it. |And| C|c|ertainly it was very ancient: for Moses reccons the duration of the flood by the Calendar months ffor during the time of the flood the|y| other months could be used \were to reccon by the Calendar months/ because the Moon did not appear \the weather being cloudy/, & these \those calendar/ months in \the history of the flood written by/ Moses were of 30 days.

ffor knowing upon what days of the moths of the year & da

The g|G|reeks kept {illeg} \their monthly festivals according to the course of the Moon &/ their festi annual r[79] festivals upon certain \at/ /according to the\ season of the year, the same festival \being always kept/ at ye same season. ffor several of their festivals related to the seasons of plowing \&/ sowing, first fruits & harvest, & vintages \gatherin \the/ gathering of/ ripe fruits & \the/ vintage, & for knowing upon what days of the years they were to keep their annual festivals, a calendar was necessary. [80]The And their \Now the ancient/ Calendar \year/ conteined twelve months. & every m Calendar month 30 days, so that there were 360 days in the Calendar year. For when they recconned 30 days to a Lunary month & 12 Lunary months to a year, wch \& this/ is to be understood \only/ of their Calendar Months & \Calendar/ years. And from this form of the year it came to pass |that the Athenians whose year was Lunisolar erected 30 days statues to Demetrius Phalereus according to the number of days in the|ir| Lunisol year, & that the Zodiac| that {sic} the Zodiac was divided into twelve signes \answering to the months/ & every signe into 30 equal parts \answering to the days/, so that this Calendar year is as old as the division of a circle into 360 degrees |But| In keeping an account of time they recconned the dropt a day or two in |they recconed by the Calendar months when the Moon did not appear as in the time of Noahs flood a[81] but \in fair weather/ dropt a day or two in| the Calendar month two {sic} long {illeg} for ye course of the Moon & added a month to the Calendar year as often as they found 12 \lunar/ months too short for the return of the seasons, & {illeg} \& this/ was b[82] every other year except once in eight years. For they added c but three \Lunary/ months in eight years. ffrom the adding a month every other year came the Dieteris. ffrom the omitting the additional \month/ once in eight years came the Octaeteris & the mean between these was the Tetraeteris. And this I take to be the constitution of the ancient Luni-solar year of the Phœ Egyptians Phœnicians Greeks & Latines before the Greek Astronomers undertook \began/ to amend it began to alter it. ffor the ancient Lunisolar year of the Latines as well as that of ye Greeks e[83] consisted of \12 mon/ 360 days & f[84] had a month added every other year, & g[85] a day or two omitted in the month as often as the course of the Moon required.

<61r>

Chap
The Monarchy of Egypt at Memphys.

Herodotus & Diodorus tell us – – – – – Theban letters & was deified. |for the use of the temples, & was therefore called the second Mercury|

Menes reigning next after the Gods & semi-gods & being the sucessor of Orus, lived in the times of the Argonautick expedition & Trojan war & so was contemporary to Memnon. For Memnon being feigned by the Greeks to be the son of Tithonus, was born soon after Tithonus was carried captive into Egypt by Sesostris & being said by the Greeks to be slain \to come from Susa to |Troy {&} to be {there} slain by Achilles|/ by Achilles {sic} in the last year of the Trojan war, \he/ reigned at Susa in the time of that war. And indeed the names Menes, {illeg} & Memnon are but several names of one & ye same kings corruptly from his formed by the Greeks from his Egyptian name Amenoph. {illeg} From Amenoph(or (wth ye Greek termination) Amenophis, by omitting the first were formed M\e/{illeg}|n|oph, Moph, Noph, Menphis Memphis, the names of his royal city, & Menes, Memnon his own names. The name Menes is by Eratosthenes interpreted Iovius Διόνιος Iovius & therefore came from the word Ammon or Amenoph the Egyptian name of Iupiter. This king is also called Amenephthes by Eusebius, Imandes, Ismandes Isimander by Strabo, Osimandes by Hecatæus, Osimandues by & Mendes by Diodorus.

Iosephus tells us out of Manetho that this Amenophis was a contemplator of the Gods as was Orus a former kings – – – – – who called in the the mistake that Osursiphus was Moses, & it will run thus amount to this, that when ye army of Zerah \the Ethiopian/ was beaten at Mareseh by the Iews, the remainder of the shepherds in the lower Egypt {illeg} (who being originally Phenicians were inclined to ye leprousy) revolted from the Ethiopians, & were forced by them to retire to Pelusium, called in the victorious Iews to their assistance & under the conduct Of Osarsiphus forced the army Amenoph the Ethiopian army then commanded by Amenophis, to retire to Memphis, & after he \& that after Amenophis/ had fortified that pass, to go back he \& built a Palace there {illeg} he left \for/ his Queen \& son/ there & he left them there &/ went up into Thebais & Ethiopia leaving his Queen at Memphis \{w}here he reigned 13 years./ That India or some part thereof being in subjection to Egypt he sent for a body of Ethiopians from thence to strengthen him self & gave them seats above Egypt: for Eusebius tells us, sub Amenophe Æthiopes ab Indo flumine consurgentes juxta Ægyptum consederunt. T And that after 13 years he returned wth what force he & his young son Ramesses could make & conquered Osarsiphus & drove out the Iews {sic} the remainder \with as many/ of the shepherds as were in arms against him. And to this action Ramesses seems to relate when he inscribed on his Obelisk (as Hermapion interpreted it) that he had saved Egypt by expelling forreiners.

Manetho saith that the shepherds obteined Egypt 511 years. If Amenophis may be supposed to have 4 or 5 years in opposing Osarsiphus & building the Queen of Amenophis was with child when Amenophis retired from O \5 or 6 years may be allowed/ between the victory of Asa & the retiring of Amenophis into Ethiopia may be allowed 5 or 6 years for opposing the shepherds & Iews under Osarsiphus & fortif \for/ building & fortifying Memphis & 13 years more till the expulsion of the shepherds & Iews, their expulsion will be about the 33th year of Asa. Count backwards 511 years <61v> and – – – – – by Ioshuah.

Amenophis having recovered – – – – – regulation of the year.

The Before men began to observe ye cou by astronomical observations to reduce the courses of the sun & Moon to a rule they kept time \only/ by the returns of the Moon & seasons of the year, & this made the first years of nations at first to be Lunisolar. But after they began to keep festivals upon certain days of the month & to distinguish days into fasti & nefasti, & by consequence to make Calendars for knowing what those days were, it became necessary to reduce the \Calendar/ year to such a forms some certain form & this could not be done wthout reduc putting a certain number of days for a month & a certain number of months for a year. And this hence they framed a Kalendar year of 30 days to a month & 12 months to a year, reserving to ye Priests of every nation a liberty of correcting this year by the courses of ye sun & Moon so as to omit a day in the month when\ever/ they found 30 days too long \for ye course of the Moon/ or to add a month to \the/ year when\ever/ they found 12 months too short for the return of ye seasons of the year. And |this Kalendar year seems to have occasioned the division of the Zodiac into 12 signes & of every signe into 30 degrees. Then| finding by long observation |yt| there were three {illeg} months to be added in every eight years, they formed made ye years to consist of 12 & 13 Lunary months alternately, excepting that omitting the intercalary month once in eight years & thence came the Octaeteris teraeteris & dieteris of ye ancients. Then \Afterwards/ the Greeks found out an exacter rules of intercaling seven mon lunary months in 19 years. But these \Luni-solar/ years consisting of no certain number of days & so being unfit for Astronomical uses, the Egyptians after they began to apply themselves to Astronomy, tryed to reduce the year to certain length & for that end first took ye Calendar year of 360 days, but soon finding that too short, they added five days to ye end of it & so composed a year consisting of 12 Kalendar months & five days, & the Romans added a day more once in four years to make this year answer more exactly to ye course of the Sun.

For |the Israelites brought a Lunisolar year out of Egypt, & Hyperion \called Ammon/, that is Osiris \Ammon/ used this year as above, but| in ye holy Isle of Nile neare Phylas was a sepulchre built to Osiris religiously revenced {sic} by all the Priests of Egypt wherein they laid up 360 {illeg} bowles – – – time by such a year. And the golden T{illeg} border or circle in the tumb of Memnon being divided into 365 days wth the risings & settings of the stars in every day shews that they lengthened added 5 days to the 360 either in his reign or upon his death or consecration. For the Egyptians dedicated those five additi days to Osiris, Isis, Orus, Typhon & Nephthe the wife of Typhon & therefore they \these five days/ were added to ye year after the death \reign/ of those five mon Kings & Queens.

Tis agreed that this regulation of the year was first made by the Egyptians. So Herodotus: The Egyptians – – – – & 12 months & 5 days to a year.

The Lunisolar \year/ wch ye Iews used \of the Israelites/ in Egypt \& by consequence of the Egyptians/ began in Autumn If the new solar year upon forming a new year they began it {in} Spring, as Moses did the new \year/ of the Iews, it will co the Æra thereof will commence about the time that Amenophis died. For this Ægyptian year was the same with the year of Nabonassar <62r> and began always on ye same day, & therefore in the year of ye Iulian Period 3821, & for three years after, it began on the third of April wch was then the first day after the vernal Equinox according to ye suns mean motion, & yt year of the Iulian Period was 55 years after the victory of Asa over the Ethiopians, & so long Amenophis might reign. For his reign in Ethiopia – – – – – reigned 62 years.

Censorinus tells us: Novissime Arminon ad tridecim menses & dies quinqꝫ annum Ægyptium produxisse. Here 13 months should be 12 (as Scaliger & Salmasius note) and Arminon should be Ammonem or Amenoph, |that is Memnonem.|

Next after Amenophis reigned his son Ramesses Rameses or Rha\m/pses above mentioned. He is called Rhampsinitus by Herodotus & Remphis by Diodorus, & Pliny tells us that in his reign Troy was taken, meaning that he succeed his father in ye last year of the war {illeg} as the Greek In Heliopolis – – – – his own Statue before it \of a thousand thousand/

|Pliny tells us that ye first Obelisk was made by Mires who reigned in Heliopolis, & afterwards other kings – – – – – – – – one of 80.|

Between Osimanduas & Miris (i.e. Memnon & Mœris) Diodorus places one Vchoreus – – – – – – By these works I take Vchoreus to be either Memnon himself or the successor of \his son/ Ramesses.

Among the stupendious works of Egypt the kings of Egypt is to be recconed that vast lake of Mœris with two Pyramids – – – – – – – added porticos. He is called – – – – mistakes.

In the Canons, Suphis the founder – – – – of state.

The three great Pyramids – – – – long staff.

After these kings the monarchy became divided & Gaephachthus & his son Boccharis reigned successively at Memphys – – – – – and afterwards by the Assyrians.

Sabacon invaded Egypt about the time that the Æra of Nabonassar began, & its pro\ba/ble that that Æra was set on foot by some Egyptians who fled from Nabon Sabacon. For that year is one & the same with the Egyptian & Astrology invented |a little before by Nicepsos, was propagated to Babylon with that year & put the Bab|Cha|ldeans upon observing the heavens.|

The reign of the Ethiopians \over Egypt/ according to Herodotus – – – – Nabonassar as above.

The dominion of the Assyrians over Egypt lasted two or three years. Herodotus \Diodorus/ calls it an interregnum \anarchy/ of two years. Isaias represents |it| by going \naked &/ barefoot thee years. The Lord said, Like as my servant Isaiah hath walked naked & barefoot three years for a sign & wonder upon Egypt & upon Ethiopia: so shall the king of Assyria lead away the Egyptians prisoners & the Ethiopians captives young & old naked & barefoot Isa. 20.3. And now the Monarchy of Assyria was in its height for in the end of these three years upon a great incursion of the Scythians {illeg} into Asia minor & Syria & the neighbouring regions |the death of Assar-haddon a great incursion \first of the Cyrreneans &/ of the Scythians {sic} into Asia & then of the Scythians into Asia| several nations fell off from the Assyrians, & Manasses returned from captivity & the Egyptians divided their te Egypt into 12 Kingdoms & set up 12 Kings over the {sic} twelve Princes of Egypt by consent shared that kingdom amongst themselves & reigned 15 years. One of these Princes – – – – – – – became King of Egypt. He beseiged Azot – – – – – ever since in servitude.

|In the 12 year of Darius Nothus the Egyptians revolted from ye Persians & continued <62v> under their own kings Amyrtæus, Nepherites, Achoris, Psammites, Nepherites II, Nectarebis, Tyos, Nectanebos untill Artaxerxes Ochus \king of Persia in/ ye 14th year of his reign conquered the last of them & reduced Egypt to obedience. At that time Artaxerxes carried away all the records|

Manetho has given us a {illeg} the Monarchy of Egypt reign of Osiris & Isis above 10000 years older then {illeg} the reign of

The Egyptians in contending with other nations about their antiquities have made their empire much \monarchy many thousands of years/ older then the truth. And Manetho who wrote after {illeg} Artaxerxes Ochus had carried away the records of the Egyptians, has given us the corruptest account of it. ffor he has set down many Dynasties of kings succeeding Menes, all wch take up above five thousand years, & yet all his Dynasties \except those of the shepherds/ began after the days of Moses.

The first & second Dynasties of Manetho – – – – – to make their nation look ancient.

Herodotus travelling into Egyt {sic} before the reign of Artaxerxes Ochus, has given us a less erro the best \{a} much better/ account of the|is| monarchy of Egypt, though. He sets down the kings of Egypt in this order Menes * * * * Nitocris * Mœris, Sesostris, Pheron, \the son of Sesostris,/ Protuus, Rhampsiattis, \the son of Proteus/ Cheops, Chephren frater, Mycerinus Chephren's frater, Asychis, Anysis Sabachus, Sethon, duodecim reges, Psammiticus, Nechus, Psammis, Apries Amasis; \& saith {sic}/ that Menes built the m Memphis & ye north Portico \{illeg} therein the/ ye stately temple of Vulcan \therein/, \&/ Mœris added the north|ern| Portico, Proteus added the Temple of Venus Rhap|m|psinitus the western portico, & Asychis the the {sic} eastern portico of that temple, & that between Menes & Sesostris reigned 330 kings none of wch except Nitocris & Mœris did any thing memorable. \Now/ That {sic} so many kings should reign between the building of that Temple & \the building of/ its porticos is incredible. Let Menes who built Memphis be set after Sesostris who built Thebes, & let Mœris who built a portico of the temple be of Vulcan be set after Menes who built ye temple & let Nitocris who built the third of ye three great Pyramids at Memphys be placed among the kings of Memphys who built those Pyramids \where she is placed by Manetho/, \the two successors of Sabachus be added out of Manethos dynasties to dynasties &/ {sic} the series of se series of Herodotus will be {illeg} \become this/, Sesostris, Pherō, |the son of| Menes Proteus \or/ Menes, Rampsinitus, Cheops, Cephren, \Nitocris,/ Mycerinus, Nitocris, Asychis Anasys, Sabachus, Setho & Sevechus, Tarachus, Sethon, 12 Reges Psammitichus, Nechus, Psammis, Apries, Amasis. And this is the series of kings wch I have followed above. [ffor Proteus reigned \at Memphis/ in the time of the Trojan war & was according to Herodotus & so was \being/ contemporary to Memnon, was either Memnon himself or his Deputy. The word Proteus is not a Proper name of a man but an a \an/ a appellative word translated into Greek as Herodotus tells us, & signifies a Prince & so may agree to Memnon.] And if he was the father of Remphis, as Diodorus affirms, he must be Memnon himself. On the south side of the Temple of Vulcan he built the temple of Venus hospita, that is of ye Cyprian Venus

for which {illeg} end several kings who reigned after Sesostris are in the Dynasties of Manetho set before him & several names of the same king & even the same name variously written \several corruptions of the same name/ are set down for several kings. Osiris is the same king wth Sesostris & Menes reigned after Sesostris but in the Dynasties of Manetho Osiris & Menes reiged {sic} above 2000 year

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Of the kingdom \Empire/ of Egypt.

When Ioshua drove out ye Canaanites, great multitudes of them fled into Egypt & through Egypt in Libya & Afric & two pillars erected by them in Afric remained there till the days of Procopius with this inscription: We are Canaanites & flee from the face of Ioshua the robber. Was not the kingdom of the sheppherds in Egypt erected by these Canaanites?

At length the Coptites, so called from their city Coptus, growing potent came down from the upper Ægypt & drave out the shepherds. [The kings of the Coptitees in those days were Misphragmuthosis Tuth \Misphragmuthosis,/ Amosis his son or Tuthmosis, Mephamuthosis, Chebron Amenophus\nis/ or Ammon, Sesach or Sesonchosis called also \Sethos/ Sethosis Sesochris & Sesostris. Tuthmosis       & Mephramuthosis |& Amosis| drave out the Shepherds] in the days of Eli & Samuel, by wch means the armies of the Philistims became exceeding numerous & Gr Greece received also some colonies from Egypt |& David afterwards driving out the Philistims \{illeg}/ made new colonies {illeg} Edomites & Syrians made new colonies of Phœnicians fly into Greece & Afric. Vnder {sic}| Ammon \in ye reign of Solomon/ conquered Libya & all Ammonia & Æthiopia. Sesak in ye y prepared a fleet of long ships in ye wth sails in ye red sea & another in the mediterranean & \& in his fathers lifetime {illeg} conquered Ethiopia & Troglodytica & afterwards/ went as far westward as the straits mouth, & in the 5t year of Rehoboam came out of Egypt wth a great army & conquered all the East as far as India & all \past through/ Asia minor & into came th & Thrace [but {illeg} \being there/ repulsed by the Greeks & \the/ Scythians & upon the Danube meeting with a repulse & hearing that his brother Armais called Danaus by the Greeks, to whom he had left ye governmt of Egypt, revo returned through Syria into Egypt wth a great multitude of captives & caused upon his entrance into Egypt, his {illeg} brother Armais (called Danaus by the Greeks) being in a state of rebellion against him, fled wth his daughters in a long ship into Greece in a long ship after the pattern of wch the Greeks built the ship Argo. the first long ship built by the Greeks in the next generation. ffor the son of Amymone the daughter of Danaus was one of the Argonauts.

In those days it was customary among the heathens to consecrate & worship their dead kings. & the Cities worshipped the kings of cities & nations the kings of nations, & \so that/ by the extent of their worship may be gathered the extent of their dominion. So the extent of the Dominion of He A worship of Ammon shews the largeness of his dominion

Quamvis Æthiopum populis Arabumqꝫ beatis

Gentibus atqꝫ Indis unus sit Iupiter Ammon.

\setting up pillars in all his conquests/ & these conquests God foretold by the prophet Shemajah, 2 Chron. 12.8.

When Sesak had spent 9 years in \making/ these conquests he returned back into Egypt wth great multitudes of captives & by {whose} wch he employed in rebuilding th cutting channels from the Nile to all the great cities of Egypt, raising the grownd of the cities wth the earth cut out of the channels & rebuilding the temples of the Egypt cities \& particularly he rebuilt the City Thebes & {illeg} \the seate of/ his father, calling |it| No-Ammon that is, the city of Ammon/. And when he had spent about 11 years in these works he was slain by his brother & Egypt fell into was \& Libya were/ invaded \first/ by the Libyans & soon after conquered \& then by the Ethiopians/ by the Ethiopians & both Egypt & Libya \were invaded &/ conquered by the Ethiopians. After wch \And then/ Zerah the Ethiopian came out of Egypt wth a|n| great army of Egyptians \army of a thousand thousand/ Ethiopians & Lybians. Their way was through Egypt & therefor Egypt was now subject to Zerah. In the mean time Asa king of Iudah during ye intestine broiles of Egypt had respite ten years in wch time he built the fenced cities of Iudah & got up an army of 580000 men wth wch \in the 15th year of his reign/ he {illeg} met & routed Zerah so that he \Zerah/ could not recover himself. And thus the great Empire erected by Ammon & Sesac fell. But the Ethiopians notwithstanding continued to reign over Ægypt & <63v> in the reign of Amenophes or Memnon (wch I take to be the son of or nephew of Zerah) built Memphis making it the metropolis of their kingdom. |From him the city had its name Menoph & corruply {sic} Moph or Noph & in the Greek idiom Memphis. The Greeks feigned yt| < insertion from the left margin of f 63v > ◇ he was the son of Tithonus the brother of Laomedon & therefore he was born soon after Tithonus was carried captive into Egypt & Egypt was subdued \invaded/ by the Ethiopians, that is soon after the {illeg}|{5}|t year of Asa. ffor Memnon was an Ethiopian. < text from f 63v resumes > |So when David had conquered Syria & Hadad       who founded a new kingdom at Damascus & was ever after worshipped by the Syrians as their God.|

It was the custome of the nations in those days to consecrate & worship their dead kings. The kings of cities were worshipped by their cities & the kings of Nations by the nations. Whence the largeness of their dominion may be {illeg} conjectured by the laregeness of their extent of their worship. So from ye extent of the worship of Ammon it seems \probable/ to me that he reigned over Æthiopia & Arab subdued not only Libya & all Ammonia but also Ethiopia \& the Indians above Egypt &/ Arabia fælix. & the Indians above Egypt

Quamvis Æthiopum populis Arabumqꝫ beatis

Gentibus atqꝫ Indis unus sit Iupiter Ammon. Lucian.

From his conquering Libya a country abounding in sheep & cattel they painted him wth ramms horns. The eldest son of Iupiter was Hercules. And by the pillars wch Sesostris set up in all his conquests he seems to be the {illeg} great Egyptian Hercules. The several nations he was \of the conquered nations/ worshipped \him/ by several names. The Egyptians worshipped hi called him Osiris, the Arabians Bacchus, the Chaldeans & Assyrians Belus, the Thracians Mars, the Greeks Ægyptus & (if I mistake not) the Phœnicians Hercules

The Greeks wrote only in verse till the days of the seven wise men & when they began to write in prose history in prose they recconed time only by {illeg} the generations of men, {illeg} equalling thre gen generations to an hundred years at a medium \But at length But Chronologers/ counting the generations one wth another to be the third part of an hundred years &, conjectured & making no difference between the generations of men & the reigns of kings, conjectured at the years in wch things were done & the later Chronologers following the {illeg} conjectures of the earlier they have framed the Chronoly {sic} now extant: whereas \generations by the eldest sons make but about 27 years a piece &/ the reigns of king one wth another make but \about/ 18 or 20 years a piece. In \{illeg}/ the times therefore between the Argonautic expedition & the reign of Darius Hystaspis in wch |interval| the Greek Chronology of ye Greeks is begins to be \un/certain let the be shortned let ye reigns of kings be shortned in the proportion of 3313 to 19 {illeg} {illeg} |Recconing therefore recconing ye 4 generations in the family of Hercules till the return of the Heraclides into Peloponnesus at about 27 years a piece & the reigns of kings in the two races of the kings of the Lacedæmonians & the race of the kings of Corinth to be one at about 19 years a piece till the middle of ye reign of Darius \Hystaspis/ when the Chronology of the Greeks began to be certain, the Argonautic expe| < insertion from f 64r > expedition will be about in wch Hercules was in his vigour

And at this rate the four generations in the family of Hercules from the Argonautick expedition to the return of the Heraclides into Poloponnesus {sic} will take up about 108 years, & the                 reigns of kings in each of the two races of the kings of the Lacedemonians & in the race of the kings of Corinth will take up about be shortned in the proportion of 3313 to 19 between the time of the return of Heraclides & the battel at {illeg} Marathon when the Chronology of the Greeks began to be ascertained by that of the Persians that interval of time will take up about {illeg} 348 years more, & so place ye Argonautic expedition upon the middle of ye reign of Asa & the Trojan war upon the middle of the reign of Iehosaphat. & it ffor the Trojan war was one generation later then ye Argonautic expedition. And the \expedition of/ Sesostris celebrated by the Greeks will being one generation older then that of the Argonauts will fall in with that of Sesak mentioned in Scripture. And Homer & Hesiod will be 400 about 400 years older then Herodotus, as Herodotus himself aff the oldest historian of the Greeks affirms.

Herodotus the oldest historian of the Greeks affirms that Homer & Hesiod were not above 400 years before himself. Homer was the scholar of Demodocus who sung to the woers of Penelope the wife of Vlysses. Hesiod {illeg} recconing four flourished in the fift age or generation \in the within the memory of the Greeks/ recconing the fourth to end with the Trojan wars, the third with the death of Talus the last man of ye brazen age slain by the Argonauts, & that Chiron was born in the first |tells us that he lived in the age next after the taking of Troy, wch age wo would end when the men then alive grew grey headed & dropt into the grave|. And by this recconing the Trojan war could not be above 460 or 470 years after the \before the/ age of Herodotus & so will fall upon the in with the reign of Iehosaphat as above.

The Greeks wrote only in verse till the days of ye 7 wise men & when they began to write history in prose, they recconed time only by generations of men without & after the death of Alexander the great they days of Herodotus they began by degrees to reccon by \conjecture at {illeg}/ numbers of years, & at length framed the Chronology now extant This Chro by the years of the Olympiads. This Chronology since the battel first invasion of Greece by ye persians & the battel of Marathon is ascertained by the chronology of the Persians but before the times of the Persian Empire there is nothing certain but the number of genealogies & of the kings wch reigned in |ye| several cities of {illeg} Greece.

In framing the Chronology now extant the Greeks have recconed 3|t|he ancient genealogies & the reigns of kings at about 34 years a piece one with another whereas genealol|g|ies by the eldest sons take up but about 27 years a piece & the reigns of kings but about 18 or 20 years apiece one wth another \according to the course of Nature/. Hence it comes to pass that the Geeks {sic} have made the times of the expedition of Sesostris, the Argonautic expedition & the Trojan \war/ much too ancient. Let {illeg} the genealogies by the eldest \sons/ be recconed at about 27 years apiece & the reigns of kings at about 18 or 20 years a piece & 3 the expedition of Sesostris will fall in wth that of Sesac, \&/ the Trojan war wth the reign of Memnon & 2 the Argonautic expedition to with the fall of the Empire of Egypt & 1 the Trojan war \will fall in/ wth the reign of Memnon, as they ought 4 the colonies of Phenicians in the days of Cecrops & Lelex with the flight of the shepherds in Egypt from the Cophtites.

As the Greeks called M{illeg}oph Memphis so they called Sesach \Sesonchis &/ Sesonchosis &            tells us that Sesonchosis left a colony of Egyptians at Colchos under Ætes wth Chronological tables o Geographical tables of his conquests. And therefore the Expedition of Sesach was not above one generation before the Argonautic expedition. Danaus the brother of Egyptus or Sesostris {illeg} The ship Argo was built after the pattern of the long ship in wch Danaus the {sailed} \fled/ with his daughters from Egypt into Greece &          the son of Amymone one of his daughters was an Argonaute & Danaus fled from his brother Sesostris when Sesostris returned into Egypt & Iosephus tells us that what the Greeks relate of Sesostris agrees wth the history of Sesack.

The records of Carthage fell into the hands of the Romans & Solinus tells us that Carthage stood 737 years & Virgil that Teucer the son of Telamon & Hesione after the taking of Troy came to Cyprus when Belus the father of Dido the froundres {sic} of Carthage was conquering that Island. Therefore Troy was take {sic} a little before the reign of Pigmaleon the Brother of Dido & by consequence in the reign of Iehosaphat as < text from f 63v resumes > the Sesostris of the Greeks who was one generation oldern then the Argonautic expedition, will fall in \wth/ the Sesak {} mentioned in the Scriptures & the Trojan war wch was one generation later then then {sic} the Trojan w Argonautic expedition will fall in with the reign of Memnon; wch synchronism gave occasion to the story of the Greeks that Memnon came to the Trojan war; & the coming of            from the Trojan war to ye Island Cyprus will fall in with just precede the reign of Pigmaleon the brother of Dido, as it ought to do according to Virgil; [& Tithonus the brother of Priam will be carried captive into Thebais at that time when Sesostris returned into Egypt wth a great multitude of captives; wch might give occasion to ye Greeks to fable that he was the father of Memnon And the coming of Cecrops, flight of Danaus from his brother A with his daughters {illeg} \from his brother Ægyptus/ will fall in wth the return of Sesac into Egypt as it ought to do: ffor because          the son of Amymone the daughter of Danaus was one of the Argonauts. And the coming of Cecrops, Lelex & some others with colonies from Egypt into Greece will fall in wth the expulsion of the shepherds by the Coptithes. And the coming of many colonies of Phœnicians from into Greece & Libya in the days of Cadmus will fall in with the flight of the nations from David. And the Argonautic expedition will be synchronal to the fall of the empire of Egypt, & might be an embassy sent \by the Greeks/ to all the nations upon the sea coasts to promote their falling off from Egypt. |And the city T Egyptian Thebes will be in its prime in ye days of Homer, & the city Memphys not then grown considerable enough to be celebrated by him nor its Pyramids \or labyrinth/ yet built.|

If these things be so, they give some light to ye sacred history & confirm it but whether they be so or not I leave to be considered examined.

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In the religion propagated with mankind from Noah & his sons men worshipped one God with prayers & praises & {illeg} giving of thanks accompanied with significant ceremonies, such as were sacrifices of th & oblations first fruits \whether/ by way of \expressing praise &/ thanksgiving for benefits received, or by way of prayer for obteining \bene/ things wanting pardon of offenses & other benefits desired. And for such sacrifices a fire was set apart such as was that wch \in/ Abraham carried with him \as Abraham/ when he went to sacrifice his son Isaac \& Moses in the Wilderness & the Æneas in his voyage ‡/ < insertion from lower down f 65r > ‡ voyage from Troy & the ancient kings of Persia in their Progresses < text from higher up f 65r resumes > carried with them {illeg} /the sacred\ fire set apart for such sacred uses |sacrificing & Nadab & Abihu were slain for offering strange fire wch God commanded them not| so it is to be conceived that {illeg} in all his travels b upon ye first peopling of the earth the sons {illeg} of Noah & their posterity every family upon in travelling from place to place carried with them a sacred fire for sacrifices, the father of the family being as well Priest as king. Hence Whence it became the custome of all nations to keep {illeg} perpetual fires in their sacred places. The Iews did it in their Temple, the Egyptians & ✝ ✝ Chaldeans in theirs, the Persians in their Pyrethra, the \cities of ye/ Greeks & Latines \Italians/ in all their {illeg} cities {purpos} |&| the cities of the Greeks & Latines in their Prytanies & Vestal Temples. And The ancient sacrifices of ye \first/ nations were {illeg} \useful/ vegetables \fit for food/ & clean beasts & birds. ffor the distinction of Beasts into clean & unclean was as old as ye days of Noah. Of vegetables the first fl|r|uits & tenths were gods lot & of animals the first born. And this seems to have {been} the religion of ye world before the rise of Idolatry. But after cities began to unite into kingdoms, the people began to flatter their kings & at length to carry on the flattery after to them after death by supposing that their souls survived as & were {illeg} resided about their graves & sepulchres \& gravestones/ [or in rude stones \Bætils & Altars \Trees/ rivers Mountains/ or bruit beasts \& Birds/ & vegetables consecrated to them, or in the Sun Moon & stars & elements, things consecrated to] & could do men good & hurt ] or in things as rude stones Bætils Altars & other things consecrated |& on that account invoking them {illeg} they invoked them & honoured \worshipped/ them with sacrifices|] the succeeding kings thinking themselves honoured by this flattery of their ancestors. [And consecrating to their {service} \memory/ rude stones, Bætils, Altars, Trees, rivers, Mountains, Seas, Bruit beasts, Birds, |the| Elements & the Sun Moon & starrs they supposed their souls to inhabit things consecrated to them, as the soul of] & could do men good & hurt & on that account they \began to/ invoked them & built|d| Altars to them & worshipped them with sacrifices oblations & sacrifices & at length to worship the stones themselves as inhabited by these feigned Deities. [Then calling {illeg} the parts of the world by their names giving their names to the parts of the world then as th (vizt to ye Sun, Moon, Stars, Elements, Seas, Rivers, Mountains, Trees, Beasts, Birds &c they worshipped all these supposed their souls to reside in the things thus dedicated worshipped all those things as inhabited by their souls] And at leng{illeg}|th| when men grew skilful in carving & casting figures, they made the images of the kings & worshipped the Images as inhabited by their souls, & set up these images in their places of worship of Gods worship of their dead kings & building sepulchres in yeform of Temples, set up the Images in ye Temples & worshipped them as inhabited by the souls of ye dead kings.

<66v>

In the times

Before the times of these four ages, the Egyptians, {illeg} Syrians & nations of Egypt Syria & Chaldea \Mesopotamia/ worshipped their kings & benefactors. The Egyptians worshipped theirs in the shapes of Birds Beasts & ffishes as appears by the {illeg} prohibition in ye 4th Commandment. The {illeg} Philistims had their Dagon, the Zidonians their Asteroth, the Moabites The Chaldeans had their household Gods or \Syrians of Mesopotamia had their Images/ Teraphims \or household Gods/ before Abraham went from thence Gen 31 & Ios 24.14, 15 The Midianites had their Baal Peor, The Philistims their Dagon, the Zidonians their Asteroth, the Ammonites their |Moloch &| Milcom, T|t|he Moabites their Chemosh, & the several nations of Canaan their several Baals. {illeg} But these {illeg} But these Gods had not yet spread into Europe. |As| They {sic} being \were/ kings of small kingdoms \so/ their worship was of small extent,|.| {illeg} {illeg} & the Dij magni majorum gentium were not yet in being. {illeg} In the times of the four Ages the Phœnicians first \by their/ brought Idolatry into Europe & the Egyptians by their conquests {illeg} spread the worship of the Egyptian Gods into all their conquests. And about thtat time Amon & his children applying themselves to Astronomy & forming the Asterisms Constella dividing the Zodiak into 12 signes & 360 degrees & froming the Constellations & {illeg} twelve signes \Asterisms/ of ye Zodiak & naming them after th & the sun Moon & Planets after the kings & great men of Egypt, they set on foot the worship of their kings & great men in the Planets, & signes & Constellations, They a as if the souls of those men resided in the Stars & constellations & animated them. So they feigned that {illeg} souls of ye daughters of Atlas resided in the Peiades {sic} & Hyades, the souls of Orus & Bubaste{illeg} or Apollo & Diana in ye Sun & Moon, the souls of Ammon & his father in ye Planets Iupiter & Saturn those of Hercules Venus & Mercury in the Planets of Mars Venus & Mercury & so of the rest: \&/ according to the temper & disposition of ye men they ascribed {illeg} qualities to ye stars. Orion is a tempestuous constellation becuase the man was be turbulent, the Hyades signify rain because the weomen died weeping, one of the Pleiades \or seven stars/ is a dull one because the woman married a mortal, the Planet of Saturn is malevolent because the old man was morose, that of Iupiter bengne {illeg} bec\a/use the man \Ammon/ was a happy \prosperous/ & auspicious to ye Egyptians that of Mars governs war because th \& valour/ & that of Venus love because the man was a warrior & the woman amorous & that of Mercury rules Merchandise, Embassies, Thefts \the high ways/ & Arts & Sciences because of the qualifications & actions of the man. {illeg} [At first the Egyptians had but eight celestial Gods, namely \seven of wch were/ ye seven Planets & ye {earth}, but \soon/ afterwards adding the four Elements they made up the number 12. The eight {illeg} Without the Elements they {illeg} recconed the Planets in this order Saturn, Iupiter, Mars, Sol, Venus Mercury Luna, & with the Elements in this; Saturn, Iupiter, Mars, Venus, Mercury Sol, Luna, Ignis Aer, Aqua, Terra, putting the sun always in the middle \& concealing the earth/. The twelve signes they dedicated to the twelve Gods Whence came the \as their houses &/ thereby spread the doctrine notion of those Gods theology of those Gods {illeg} making them their houses. & t Whenc {sic} Homer[86] makes all ye celestial Gods go to feast wth the Ethiopians & after 12 days to return & to heaven & sleep in this their several houses built for them by Vulcan. And Herodotus {illeg} says yt ye Greeks had the 12 Gods from ye Egyptians & others that Æneas brought them from Troy into Italy.

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driven out by the {illeg} Cophtites or inhabitants of Thebais under the {illeg} \{Mephres} or/ Mephamuthosis & Thmosis Thomotis Amosis or Ammon

Whence Pliny tells us: Ægyptiorum bellis attrita est Æthiopia vicissi{illeg} peritando serviendoqꝫ clara et potens usqꝫ ad Trojana bella Memnone regnante. Plin l. 6. c. 29. Memnon (or Amenophis built Memphis calling it by his own name & there founded the magnificent temple of Vulcan, & his success successors Rampses, Vchoreus, Mœris, Suphis, {illeg}|C|ephren Mycerinus, Asyphis Asychis, Gnephactus, \&/ Boccharis did other great works \in Memphis/ Rampses built \added/ the western portico of the temple of Vulcan, Mœris the northern portico thereof & Asychis the eastern portico wch was very magnificent Vchoreus fortified Memphys & adorned it wth palaces whereby it became the seat of ye future kings. Mœris built the northern portico of the temple of Vulcan & made the great lake of Mœris wth two large pyramids in it & a Labyrinth neare it. Suphis Cephrene & Mycerinus followed his example in building pryramids {sic}. & Asychis built the very beautiful eastern portico of the temple of Vulcan & In his days Egypt became divided into several kingdoms. Gnephactus & Boccharis succeeded him at Memphis. Stephanates Nicepsos & Nechus reigned successively at Sais, & others reigned at Tanes or Zoan. In the days of Boccharis & Nechus Ægypt was again subdued by the Æthiopians under Sabacon. . . . . . . till the death of Assarhadon. ffor Assarhadon conquer invaded Ægypt about three years before his death.

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1000=872 oz=218l0.0.04 5.09.00 1.16.40 225.05.40 01.00.312 224.05.012 222.1∷225.5.4 65.40 13400 78400 11800 700 0 1l.0.3127777 a. b.-- 2000. 359.0 6ba 2154. 179.5 154. 20.5 5ba 0 18100. 9500. 739) 310 273 0370 0351 00190 00156 000340 000312 0000280 0000273 (017947 35894 0 0 34.19000 611. 18330 7332 24440 20774 4485.012 0 4.53239. 1222 1.11 11609(34112 102 0140 0136 0049 4s.6d1801000+12000= 4.6359.2000. 4.53239. 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 4.6211= 4.534.00 12547 4.534340 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

<68r>

Strabo tells us that Phidon was the tenth from Temenus, not the tenth king, for between Cisus & Phidon they reigned not, but the tenth by generation from father to son including Temenus or the ninth excluding him If 27 years be recconed to a generation by the eldest sons, & the whole time of 270 years be deducte the nine intervals will amount to 243 years which being subducted from the 49th Olympiad in wch Phidon flourished they will place the return of the Heraclides about fifty years before the beginning of the Olympiads \as above/. But \the artificial/ Chronogers {sic} reccon about 518 years from the return of the Heraclides to ye 49th Olympiad & account Phidon the seventh from Temenus, which is after the rate of above 74 85|6| years to a generation & therefore not to be admitted.

The artificial Chronologers – – –

Macrisi an Arabian historian \cited by Vansleb/ represents that Ischemun, Atrib, Sa & Coptus, four sons of Mizraim reigned over four equal parts of Egypt: Coptus over the upper part of Egypt from Isvan (or Siene) to the City Coptus, Ischemun the over all the country below cop Coptus to the city Menuf, Atrib over (or Memphis, Atrib over the lower Ægypt \now/ called Delta, & Sa over the continent \of Libya/ between the Delta & Barbary. Ath And that Coptus overcame all his bretren {sic} & Chose the city Menuf or Memphis for his royal seat, & |yt| from him the race of the ancient Egyptians have been ever since called Coptites, & their country {illeg} Ægypt \or/ the Greeks giving land of the Coptites the Greeks giving \it/ that name by changing K into G. And that Coptus continued the royal seat of the kings of Egypt untill Nebuchadnezzar sackt it And thus much of this relation may be true, that the \Coptites had their names from the city Coptus & that the kings of the/ kings of the {sic} Coptites conquered /reigned\ first the upper Egypt as far as Syene, then \& then conquered/ the middle Egypt as far as Memphis, then \and after that/ the lower Egypt expelling the Shepherds & then Libya as far as Barbary, & that they placed their royal seat first a in the time of these conquests they placed their royal seat first at Thebes \Thebes or Ammon-No/ in the reign of Ammon, thence called Ammon No, & \calling it Ammon No,/ & then at Memphis or Menuf in the the {sic} reign of Amenophis, \calling it Amenoph or Menuf/ & continued to reign in that city {illeg} till the Babylonians \Assyrians & soon after them the Babylonians/ invaded Egypt. And thus much of this relation If by the four sons of Mizraim you understand not four single men but four nations sprung from Mizraim whose kings reigned over those \the aforesaid/ four regions, there may be much of truth in this history. The people of Coptus might \conquer Thebais above Coptus &/ reign over all the uppper Egypt from Isnan or Siene to Coptus & give the name of Coptites to all this people, {sic} conquer first \afterwards conquer/ the middle part of Egypt down from Coptus to Menuf or Memphis, then \& afterwards/ the lower Egypt expelling the Shepherds & lastly the Li people of Libya as far {illeg} as Barbary \& give the name of Coptites to all their conquests/. And in the time of these warrs the Coptites might remove their royall seat to Thebes \suppose/ in the reign of their king Ammon, thence calling that city No-Ammon, the people of Ammon; & in the reign of \Menes or/ Amenophis they might remove their royal seat to Memphis \thence/ calling that city {illeg} Amenoph or Menuf.|,| And from \as above/, & continue to reign in that city till first the Ethiopians under Sabacon, then the Assyrians under Asserhadon & lastly the Babylonians under Nebuchadnezzar invaded them. And \from the Koptites/ the Greeks might give the name of Egypt or Αἰα Κόφτος Ægypt to all the land Kingdom \of the Coptites/ & that of αἰα Θεοφι, Æthiopian \& Thebais/ to that the kingdom of Thebes \called/ before the Coptites conquered it. For Homer gives the name of Ethiopia to that part of Egypt which is above Coptus places Thebes in Ethiopia, & \calls/ in the uper {sic} parts of Egypt the Nile was anciently called Ægyptus gives the name of Ethiopians to the inhabitants of Thebais in the upper parts of Egypt \above Coptus/ & that of Egyptians to the people below Thebais, & {illeg} as where he introduces Menelaus \speaking/ thus to Telemachus,

– – – Κὰς Αἰγυπτίους ἐπαληθεὶς

Αἰθίοπας δ᾽ ἐκόμην.

Per Ægyptios {illeg}vagatus

Æthiopes adij –

i.e. \vini/ in Thebaida. Nam Homerus dicit Menelaum \For Homer saith that Menelaus/ |came to| Thebas. venisse And Philostratus places the Temple & speaking statue of Memnon |which| in|was| Ethiopia that is in Thebais, is placed by Philostratus in Æthiopia

<68v>

The kingdom of Macedon \(according to/ was founded by Ph Caranus the brother of Phidon & after him \(according to Herodotus & Iustin)/ reigned Perdiccas, Argeus, Philip, Aeropus, Alcetas, Amyntas, Alexander & others. Alexander was contemporary to Xerxes king of Persia, By recconing above 36|5| years apiece to these kings one wth another they have made Caranus older then the Olympiads. At A reign of about 18 or 20 years a piece will counted from the death of Xerxes will place the beginning of this kingdom in the 42|3|th Olympiad or thereabouts. And it could not be much ancienter because Leocides the son of Phidon \& Megacles the son of Alcmæon at the same time/ courted Agarista the daughter of Megacles the Athenian \Clisthenes/ Clisthenes king of Sicyon |as Herodotus tells us. And Megacles & Clisthenes & Clisthenes were| ({illeg} Clisthnes were two of the {ten} Commanders of the army of the Greeks w appointed by the Amphictyons by the advice of Solon; & Alcmæon the son of Megacles an A to command their army against the Cyrrhæans & Alcmæon the son of Megacles was another of those commanders And the Cyrrhæans were conquered An 2. Olymp. 47 according to the Marbles. & [And Alcmæon enterteined & conducted the messengers wch Crœsus sent to consult the Oracle at Delphos, & for so doing was sent for by Crœsus & rewarded with much riches] Phidon therefore was contemporary to Alcmæon & both of them to Clisthenes & Solon, & they all flourished between the 40 & 50th Olympiad.

– – of the artificial Chronology of the Greeks.

The kingdom of Macedon was founded by Caranus & Perdiccas who being of the race of Temenus king of Argos fled from Argos in the reign of Phidon the brother of Caranus. between of the posterity of Temenus who entred Peloponnesus wth the Heraclides & became Temenus entred Peloponnesus with the Heraclides & reigned at Argos after him \& his son Cysus/ the kingdom of Argos \ceased &/ became divided amongst the family \posterity kindred of Temenus/ untill Phidon reunited it, expelling his kindred. He grew potent, appointed weights & measures in Peloponnesus, & removing the Eleans presided in the Olympic games but was soon after subdued by the Eleans & Spartans Herodotus & Thucydides reccon Perdiccas the first king of Macedon [& Perdiccas \Alexander/ the eighth \seventh/ & that Perdiccas \Alexander/ was contemporary to Xerxes. And Herodotus sets down the names of the intermediate kings telling us that after Perdiccas reigned Aræus (or Argæus) Philip, Aeropus, Alcetas, Ampitas, Alexander] Iustin calls Perdiccas the successor of Caranus Later writers \as Livy Pausanias, Suidas/ make Caranus the first king Iustin calls Perdiccas the successor of Perdiccas Caranus & Solinus \saith/ that Caranus was \Perdiccas/ succeeded by Perdiccas who \Caranus &/ was the first that obteined the name of king. Its probable that Caranus & Perdiccas were contemporaries \& fled at the same time from Phidon Argos/ & at first erected small principalities wch after the death of Caranus became one under Perdiccas. Herodotus tells us that after Perdiccas reigned Aræus (or Argæus) Philip Aeropus, Alcetas, Amyntas, \&/ Alexander. After Alexander was contemporary to Xerxes & after him \Alexander/ reigned Perdiccas; & Pausanias tells us that there were eight kings before Archelaus the son of Perdiccas. Now by recconing about 35 or 40 above 40 years apiece to these kings Chrolnologers have made Caranus older then the Olympiads. Whereas if we should reccon their reigns at about 18 or 20 years a piece, the first seven or eight reigns counted backward from the death of Xerxes will place the beginning of |ye| kingdom of Macedon under Perdiccas & Caranus, upon the 45 Olympiad or thereabbouts. It could not be older because Leocides the son of Phidon, & Megacle the son [Iphitus presided both in the temple of Iupiter Olympus & in the Olympic games & so did his successors til – – – – ancient right of presiding in the games) of Alcmæon \an Athenian/ at one & the same time courted Agarista the daughter of Clisthenes king of Sicyon (as Herodotus tells us) & the Amphictyons by the advice of Solon made Alcmæon the son of Megacles & Clisthenes & Eurolycus king of Thessaly commanders of their army in their war against Cyrrha & the Cyrrhæans were conquered an. 2 Olymp. 47, according to the Marbles. ② [87]This Alcmæon enterteined & conducted the messengers which Crœsus sent to consult the Oracle at Delphos & for so doing was sent for by Crœsus & rewarded wth much riches. ① Phidon therefore & his brother Caranus were contemporary to Alcmæon, & all of them to Clisthenes & Solon. Megacles the son of Alcmæon married Agarista, & Pisistratus married the dau when he obteined the tyranny married the daughter of Alcmæon Megacles, & Clisthenes the son of Megacles & Agarista expelled the sons of Pisistratus An. 1 Olymp 67, according to the marble. And by all these circumstances, Phidon & Caranus flourished about the 48th or 50th Olympiad –

Iphitus presided both in the Temple – – – – – – right of presiding in the games.

<69r>

480 years from the coming out of Mesopotamia | Egypt to the building of the Temple

A morte David
Solomonis
0Solomon, reigns 40 years 1 King 11.42
40Rehoboam 17. 1 King 14.21. 2 Chron. 13.1
5|1|7Abijah 3. 1 King. 15.2. 2 Chron. 13.2
20Asa 41 1 King. 15.10 2 Chron. 16.13
61Iehosaphat 25. 1 King 22.42. 2 Chron 20.31
86Iehoram 8. 2 King. 8.17. 2 Chron. 21.5, 20.
94Ahziah 1. 2 King. 8. 26. 2 Chron. 22.2.
95Athaliah
0Athalia 612 2 King. 11.3, 4. 2 Chr. 22.12
612Iehoash 40 2 King. 12.1. 2 Chr. 24.1
4612Amaziah 29. 2 King. 14.2. 2 Chron. 25.2
7512Azariah 52. 2 King 15.2. 2 Chr. 26.3
12712Iotham 16. 2 King 15.33 2 Chr. 27.1
14312Ahaz 16. 2 King. 16.2 2 Chr. 28.1
15912Hezekiah 29. 2 King. 18.2. 2 Chr. 29.1
18812Manasseh 55. 2 King 21.1. 2 Chr. 33.1
24312Amon. 2. 2 King. 21|2|.19. 2 Chr. 33.21
24512Iosiah 31. 2 King. 22.1 2 Chr. 34.1.
276
40Ierobam {sic} 22 years 1 King. 14.20
22Nadab. 2 years 1 King. 15.25
24Baasha 24. 1 King 15.33
48Elah 2. 1 King. 16.8.
50Zimri 7 days. 1 King. 16.15. Tibni 5 Omri 6
50Omri 12. 1 King. 16.23
62Ahab 22. 1 King. 16.29
84Ahaziah 2. 1 King. 22.51.
86Iehoram 12. 2 King. 3.1.
98Iehu
0Iehu 28 2 King. 10.26.
28Iehoadaz 17. 2 King. 13.1
3|4|5Iehoash 16. 2 King 13.10
7|6|1Ieroboam 41 2 King 14.23
102Zecharaiah 6 months. 2 King. 15.8
10212Shallum 1 month 2 King. 15.13
10212Menahem 10 2 King. 15.17
12|1|212Pekahiah 2 2 King. 15.23
12|1|412Pekah 20. 2 King. 15 27
14|3|412Hoshea 9
14312

Ieroboam began in the 15th year of Amaziah 2 King. 14.23

Azariah began in ye 27th of Ieroboam. 2 King. 15.1.

Zechariah began in ye 38th of Azariah. 2 King. 16|5|.8

Shallum began in ye 39th of Vzziah or Azariah 2 King 16|5|.13

Menahem began in ye 39th of Azariah 2 King 15.17

Pekaiah began in the 50 of Azariah 2 King 15.23

Pekah began in the 52th of Azariah. 2 King 15.27

Iotham began in ye 2d year of Pekah 2 King. 15.32

Ahaz began in ye 17th y. of Pekah. 2 King. 16.1

Hoshea began in ye 12th of Azaz. 2 King 17.1

Hezekiah began in ye 3d of Hoshea 2 King. 18.1

Rehoboam \Abijam/ began in ye 18th of Ieroboam 1 King 15.1

Asa began in ye 20th of Ieroboam. 1 King. 15.9

Nadab began in ye 2d year of Asa 1 King. 15.25

Baasha began in ye 3 year of Asa 1 Kin 15.33

Elah began in ye 26t of Asa 1 King. 16.8

Zimri began in ye 27 of Asa 1 King. 16.10, 15

Omri reigned after Tibni in 31th of Asa 1 King. 16.23

Ahal {sic} reigned in ye 3{illeg}|8|th of Asa 1 King. 16.29

Iehosaphat reigned in ye 4th year of Ahab 1 King 22.41.

Ahaziah began in ye 17th of Iehosaphat 1 King. 22.51.

Iehoram began in ye 2d year of Iehoram son of Iehos. 2 King 1.17

Iehoram son of Ahab in 18th of Iehosaphat. 2 King. 3.1.

Iehoram son of Iosaphat began in 5t of Ioram son of Ahab. 2 King 8.16.

Rehoboam 1734

Abija 212

Nadab 123

Baasha 2334

Elah 123

Omri 513 + 613

<69v> [Editorial Note 28]

# And he tells us that from their first king (Menes) to Se{th}on, the Priests recconed 341 kings, So that according to their recconing, there were eleven kings {illeg} from Sesostris to {illeg} Sethon. inclusively or tw To wch if Psammiticus & his five su{ccessors} be added there will be 17 \successive/ kings of Egypt from Sesostris to the end of the Egyptian Monarchy {illeg} invasion of Egypt by Cambyses, according to the recconing of the Priests of Egypt, 19 from Amosis who expelled the shepherds & thereby reduced all Egypt into one Monarchy. to the The same Priests of Egypt recconed to Herodotus from the reign of Pul to that of Amasis 15000 years & from that of Hercules {illeg} to that of Amasis 17000 years & in recconing 341 generations from Menes to Sethon Herodotus put three generations equal to an hundred years, at wch \rate/ Menes will have reigned above 11{illeg}|3|00 years before Sethon put \repulsed/ Sennacherib to flight & above 11500 years before Cambyses conquered Egypt. But we meddle not with the state of Egypt before [the reign of Misphragmuthosis who reigned over all Egypt except the whose Ancestors had subdued all the upper Egypt & who] it was reduced into a monarchy. {illeg} Its probable that the when the memory of the many little kingdoms into wch Egypt (like all other nations) was at first composed \divided/ began to be lost they collated into one list the names \of as many/ of the old kings as they could meet with in the Archives of the head cities of those little kingdoms & perhaps inserted into the list the names of some famous men who reigned not, & repeated the names of some of the kings with a little variation till \& the {illeg}/ they had a list of 330 kings who reigned before {illeg} Sesostris [one of 341 kings who reigned between Menes & the repulse conquest of Egypt by Senacherib.] but did nothing memorable except Nitocris & Mœris \& then in honour of their Gods prefixed their names to this list/. But the kings who reigned before {illeg} \the Monarchy of Egypt was Misphragmuthosis erected by Misphragmuthosis/ Amosis Ammon & Sesac [erected the Monarchy of Egypt] we do not meddle with. Sesostris reigned in the age of the Gods being deified by the names of Osiris Bacchus & Hercules as above: & therefore I set down Menes, Nitocris & Mœris are to be placed after him. They were Monarchs of \reigned over/ All Egypt & therefore are to be placed amongst those Monarchs |the kings of that Monarchy. And being added to the rest will make up the number of 22 kings counted from Amosis inclusively.| Mœris is set down – – – Amasis Psammiticus.

While the Shepherds reigned at Abaris over the lower AEgypt, that part of Ægypt anciently called Misraim was called also Aeria \I think/ from the capital city \Abaris or Avaris (Αούαρις)/ by a small corruption of the name, & the upper Ægypt was called {illeg} Ægypt, from the Αἰα Κοφθου from the city Αἰα Κόφθου the lan \Thebais/ from {sic} the city Coptus. For \And/ Herodotus tells us that Thebais was anciently called Ægypt by that n Ægypt., that is in the days of the Shepherds. But after the expulsion of the shepherds the name of Ægypt \(Aiam Copti)/ was extended to the whole. Whence its probable that the kings of Coptos conquered all the upper Ægypt & then drave \Thebais/ out the shephers {sic} before the d reign of Misphamuthosis \who/ & then \He ruled This king/ made war upon the shepherds, & shut them up in Abaris, & \Then/ his successor Amosis or Tethmosis made them retire out of \Abaris & gave the name/ Egypt |giving that name to the whole kingdom of Egypt to the whole kingdom. And before the reign of Amon|, [& Ammon by the arms of his son Sesostris added Troglodytica Ammonia & Æthiopia to the monarchy as above, & Sesostris enlarged it eastward to ye Indies & westward to Thrace & the borders of Afric mouth of the strait

Pheron is by Herodotus called the son & successor of Sesostris &c.

before the reign of Misphamuthosis, who made war upon the shepherds & shut them up in Abaris. Then his successor Amosis made them retire out of Abaris & extended the name of Egypt to his whole kingdom, & \then/ Ammon & Sesostris carried on their conquests westward to the mouth of the straits, & eastward to India, & northward to \Colchos/ Caucasus & Thrace.

Pheron is by Herodotus called the son & successor of Sesostris &c.

Archilachus (\reputed/ the oldest of them them) flourished \(according to Herodotus)/ in the reign of Gyges \the fif|our|t of the four/ kings of Lydia, & he recconing upwards from \whom reigned \{next}/ before/ Crœsus: & by con \&/ whos\e/ reign might therefore began in \30/ about the 34th 33th Olympiad or thereabouts after the 26th Olympiad after the institution of the Carnea.

<70r>

These are the oldest historical books now extant & the only {illeg} wch with the Chronological Canon of Ptolomy, & some {illeg} Herodotus \& the books of {illeg}/ Tobit, Iudith, Herodotus & the {illeg} Thucydides, the Annals of Tyre & Carthage, & what has been taken from ancient {command}ments & records by Diodorus, Strabo, Pausanias, Iosephus, & a few others, can give us any light into ye {anci} history & Chronology of the first ages down to the reign of Darius Nothus king of Persia.

History wthout Chronology is confused, & the Chronology of the the {sic} first ages

The {illeg} year of the Greeks consisted \therefore/ of \{illeg}/ twelve Lunar months & ye civil months of thirty days & the last day of the month th

The way of recconing by months of 30 days was in use in all Greece & calling the last day Triacas Τριακὰς was use The name T Τριακὰς The last day of the civil month was called Τριακὰς till the by all Greece till the days of Thales. who called He called it by this name but Solon called it ηνην ἕνην καὶ νέαν the old & the new. ffor he introduced months of 30 & 29 days \alternately/, making the last day of every \other/ month to be the first day of the next month. And this \new/ way of recconing prevailed by degrees in a great part of Greece. To the Calendar-year of 360 days Cleobulus one of the seven wise men alluded in his Parable of one father who had 12 sons each of wch had 30 daughters half {illeg} white & half black. But as the Greeks corrected these months by the course of the Moon as often as they found them too long so they they correc{ted} the year by adding a month to ye end of it as often as they found it too short for the return of the \four/ seasons. This they did every other year {illeg} wch made their Dieteris (as Herodotus Gemnius \Censorinus/[88] mention And because this recconing made the year too long by a month in eight years they omitted an intercalary month once in eight years, wch made their Octaeteris, with the Tetraeteri one half of wch was their Tetraeteris consisting alternately of 25 & 26 months. And these Periods seem – – –

<71r>

{illeg}s, Gregorius, Barrones, Slusius \{illeg}/ rem Tangentium tractament per differentias Ordinatas {illeg}m fecit jam a multo tempore. Sed clarissimi Slusij \&/ Cum \vero/ a Newtono didicisset Clar{illeg} {illeg}lodum \Tangentium/ nondum esse absolutam & meth sed corollarium esse methodi generalis quæ {illeg} entendet \citra {illeg} ullum calculum/ ad abstrusiora problematum genera & ad quantitates surdas, & Curvi {illeg} minime hæreretis quinetiam \etiam jam/ Problemata inver methodi tangentium inversæ alio {illeg}adant & ad quantitates surdas, & Curvas Mechanicas minime hæret{is}: cœpit jam {illeg} methodum tangentium per differentias Ordinatarum \Newtoni exemplo/ jam longe generalius tr{illeg} superiore Problemata difficiliora ab æquationibus non pendere dicit scripsit.

his age & in his age & actions he agrees with Neptune {illeg} relation unto where {illeg} The invasion of Egypt by Antæus & his war with Her{illeg} /his war wth Hercules & t{illeg}\

Hercules say,

sævoqꝫ alimenta parentis

Antæo eripui

But as its difficult to state these things exactly so its of small consequence.

{In} his age dominion & actions he \he/ agrees wth \those of/ Neptune himself. The invasion of Egypt by Antæus & {illeg} {Herc}ules Ovid has relation unto where he make {sic} Hercules say, – sævoqꝫ alimenta pare{ntis An}tæo eripui Antæo eripui.

but to state these things exactly is difficult & of small consequence.

<71v>

{illeg} Gods or ancient Kings {illeg} Egypt & Syria of Damascus have been made much ancienter then the truth, so ha{illeg} Assyria. For Ctesias & the ancient Greek & Latine writers who copy from him &c. – – – {illeg} kings were no longer called kings of Nine{veh} but kings of Assyria. & founder of his {illeg}

I have hitherto written of the I Ages wch the Greeks accounted fabulous, & of wch {it} \An exact {illeg}/ {is} not to be expected. that I should write {illeg} If I have mended some of the principal errors {illeg} Chronology, \{illeg} shewed that so far as appears in history there {illeg} great Empires in the world before the days of {illeg}/ it is all I designed. I {illeg} \proceed/ now to describe the times wch began with the Olympi{illeg} of the Assyrian Empire.

Diodorus saith that when Osyris made his \great/ expedition {illeg} {illeg}

<73r>

that is 100 years before the reign of Darius Hystaspis.

Plutarch a tells us that the Philosophers anciently delivered their opinions in verse as Orpheus, Hesiod, Parmenides, Xenophanes, Empedocles, Thales, but afterwards left of the use of verses. And that Aristarchus {illeg} did not make Astronomy the more contemptible by describing it in prose then Eudoxtes, Hesiod, Thales who wrote of it in verse. Among those yt wrote in verse are to be recconed Pythagoras b[89] & Solon c[90] {illeg} \d[91] Epimenides/ ffor Solon wrote \in verse/ the Atlantic {illeg} discourse \in verse/ as he had learnt it of the Priests \of Egypt/ but did not finish it. {illeg} Parmenides wrote some things in verse & others in prose. |{illeg} the Greeks wrote only in verse & while the {illeg} no chronology nor any other history then such as was mixed with Poetical fancies. Pliny| Pliny {sic} e[92] tells us in recconing up the inventors of things tells us that Pheresydes {illeg} in the reign of Cyrus taught to write \{illeg} {discoveries}/ in prose in the reign of Cyrus & Cadmus Milesius to write History & in f[93] in another place he saith that Cadmus Milesius was the first who writte in prose. < insertion from the right margin of f 73r > And Anaximenes the successor of Thales affirmed that all the seven wise men were addicted to Poetry. < text from f 73r resumes > And Iosephus saith[94] that there were no inscriptions in the temples \& publick monuments/ of the Greeks so old as the Trojan war. And that the oldest publick wrting was the laws of Draco a little before ye days of Pisistratus. \Suidas that Draco made his laws in the 18th Olympiad & that among the Greeks there was no public Table older then these laws. Iosephus saith further that the Greeks who first attempted – – – / And that they \Greeks/ who first attempted to write History that is Cadmus Milesius & Acusilaus Argivas & those that followed them were but a little before the {illeg} expedition of the Persians against the Greeks. And that they wrote v these first writers varied much from one another about the same things. Hellanicus frequently differed from Acusilaus about the Genealogies, & Acusilaus corrected Hesiod & Ephorus corrected Acusilaus & Timæus Ephorus very often. It seems that these first Historians endeavoured out of the old Poets \& the {Chrologies of the reigns} of kings written in some cities/ to {recover} \{state}/ the Genealogies of the ancient Greeks \formi/ that by them \& the {comi}ssions of kings or Priests conserved in some cities/ they might recover an account of times past. One of these Historians was Pherecides Atheniensis who in the reign of Darius Hystaspis wrote or soon after wrote a large book of the Antiquities & ancient Genealogies of the Athenians \in ten books/ & was one of the first European writers of this kind, whence he had the name of Genealogus. \Another was Epimenides who also wrote of \the ancient/ Genealogies. Acusilaus/ Hellanicus {illeg} in \digested/ his History by the ages (or successions) of the Priests of Iuno Argiva; others by those of the kings \Archons/ of Athens \or kings of \the/ Lacedemonians/ & some other cities. And hence it came into fashion \in those days/ to reccon times past \either/ by the number of generations & {illeg} \or successions of kings/ by round numbers of \years/ gathered from thence as you may see in Herodotus. \So Diodorus \in his {Preface}/ tell us that from the name of Troy / & some others [: as when they tell us that Pheidon was the 10th from Temesius that Battus was the 17th from Lycurgus was ye 11th from Hercules without Pheidon was ye 11th from Hercules, or yt Archias was the tenth from Temenus, or \&/ Battus the 17th from Euphemus, or that Naxus & {Megara} (the first great cities in Sicily) were built in the 10th generation after the {illeg} of Troy, or that the laws of Lycurgus continued in use 500 years during the reign of the 14 kings succeeding him till the reign of Apis. {illeg} In these & such like cases by recconing the number of kings of successive Kings or Priests in any city & by putting about 100 years for 3 generations the                 the chronology that I can meet with of the Greeks that I can meet <73v> with during the times of the Persian Monarchy. {sic}

But towards \about/ the end of that Monarchy [when the argument about genealogies & successions of kings was pretty well exhausted] the Greeks began to affect a more artificial sort of Chronology. And first ffor hitherto they {used no} Æra but computed by no Æra \but/ now began to adjust use the Olympiads \& set down the lengh of every kings reign/. And first Hippias, as Plutarch tells us, published a breviary of the Olympiads supported by {illeg} certain arguments. It seems This having no foundation in antiquity \was derided by Pla{to} &/ gained credit but slowly. ffor the Arundelian Marbles were composed 60 years after the death of Alexander the great \{illeg}/ & yet mention not the Olympiads: so that this Æra was not then received tho it became \reputed/ the principal Æra of the Greeks. It seems the Author wanted an \Gre{illeg}eks had no ancient/ Æra, for |t|he|is| \author uses none but/ reccons upwards from his own {illeg} \He sets down but a few of the more principal periods of time. And/ In {sic} the next Olympiad Timæus a very learned writer author wrote a History \in several books \down/ to that time down to his own time/ according to ye Olympiads compares|ing| the Ephori the Kings of {illeg} Sparta, the Archons of Athens & the Priestesses of Argos with the Olympic victors, {illeg} \so as to make all things suit wth {illeg}/ according to ye best of his judgment & where he left off Polybius began & carried on the History. And this seems to be the beginning of the Æra of the Olympiads {illeg} original of counting by the Olympiads, But the times being stated without due authority of the {illeg} \k{illeg}l/ chronology of the Greeks But for want of authority from {illeg} ffor this set chronologers \were thereby set/ on work to examin {illeg} & correct this chronology \& add to it/ till it came into the form we now have it: which how uncertain it \is/ {illeg} & how little credit it gained among the Greeks of those times may be under understood by this passage of Plutarch. The congress, saith he, of Solon with Crœsus some think they can confute as feigned by Chronology: as feigned b|B|ut I a history so illustrius & ratified by so many witnesses &, wch is more, so agreable to ye manners of Solon & worthy of the greatness of his mind & of his wisdome, I cannot perswade my self to reject because of some chronical {illeg} Canons, as they call them, wch six hundred {illeg} correcting, them have not yet been able \have not yet been able have not yet been able/ to constitute any thing certain in wch they could agree amongst themselves about repugnances

Nor was the chronology of the Latines {illeg} more certain. {illeg} Numa was the scholar of Pythagoras & yet in ye Canons is made much older. Plutarch represents great uncertainty in the originals of Rome, & so doth Servius. The old records of the Latins were burnt by the Gauls 64 years before the death of Alexander ye great & Q. Fabius Pictor the oldest historian of the Latines was lived 100 years later then that king.

The chief error of these Chronologies was in making all things before the Persian Monarchy too ancient. ffor \Now it is to be considered that –– –/ all nations before they began to keep exact accounts of time – – – – – was about 88 years after ye death of Solomon that king.

And Pindar tells us that Battus who led a colony from the Island Thera into Libya & there built Cyrene was the 17th from Euphemus who was contempory {sic} to Medea & the Argonauts

Pindar introduces Medea prophesying \to the Argonauts/ that Battus the 17 from Euphemus \the son of Neptune & Europa/ should lead a colony from the Island Thera into Liby & there build Cyrene. The 17 successors I do perswa I take to be kings of Thrace |Euphemus was one of the Argonauts & his {illeg} 17 successors seem to be reconed by the reign of so many kings.| ffor some cities \of Greece/ preserved a cataloge the names of their kings for many successions, Pindar calls them generations for s |as in the instances abovementioned| And the Greeks in the days of Pindar, recconed times \in recconing times/ <74r> taking \past took/ such successions for so many generations \the fathers being usually succeeded by their sons. Now/ Battus was succeeded by Arcesilaus & he by Battus ye second in whose days many Greeks sailed to Cyrene & invaded the Carthaginians & beat the Egyptians in the last year of Vaphres king of Egypt, that is 49 years before the reign of Darius Hystaspis. ffom that time count backwards nineteen successions inclusively or reigns inclusively or 18 intervals recconing 20 years to an interval & the \reign of Euphemus &/ time of the Argonautic expedition will happen 34 years after the death of Solomon & by consequence the destruction of Troy about 65 or 70 years after his death.

Again from Æsclapius to Hippocrates – – – after ye death of Salomon. {illeg} Whereas according the {sic} vulgar account Æsculapius & Hercules flourished about 250 years before ye death of Solomon, that {illeg} about 750 years before the middle of the reign of Darius Hystaspis wch make {illeg} about 43 years apiece to the generations \one with another/ by the fathers side, wch is surely \much/ too long & 40 \a piece/ by the mothers side, wch is surely much too long.

Yet \Again/ Polydectes & his brother Lycurgus \the Lawgiver/ were in the race of the kings of Sparta were the tenth inclusively from Hercules inclusively, Recconing & The nine intervals at 20 years a piece amount to 180 years according to Pausanias or the ninth according to Herodotus {illeg} if with Herodotus we omit {Sapus} one of the Kings. Polydectes died in the reign of Lebotas the eighth from Hercules \inclusively/ in another race of the kings of Sparta, & Lycurgus flourished in the reign of Dorissus the successor of Labotas & ninth from Hercules inclusively & the eight intervals at 21 years a piece amount to \make/ 168 years \the intervall/ from the time that Hercules flourished \was in his {illeg}/ to ye time that Lycurgus flour was in his {illeg} that is from the Argonautic Expedition to the beginning of the Olympiads. ffor Phlegon tells us that ye Olympiads were restored by Lycurgus Iphitus & Cleosthenes & Aristotle g \&/ together {illeg} that Lycurgus was the companion of Iphitus in restoring the Olympiads Aristotle gathered from ye name of Lycurgus written in the Olympic Dicus in wch the name of Lycurgus was written. ffrom Now from ye first Olympiad count backwards 168 years & the recconing will place the {illeg} Argonautic expedition 38 years after the death of Solomon & by consequence the destruction of Troy (wch was about one generation later) about 74 years after the death of that King.

Plutarch tells us[95] that they who collected the times from the successions of the kings of Sparta as Eratothenes {sic} & Apollodorus shewed that Lycurgus was many years older then the first Olympiad. And hence {Eratosthenes} reccons 108 years from the {tuition} of Lycurgus to ye first Olympiad {illeg} & Phlegon reccons \the space of/ 28 Olympiads from Iphitus \{illeg} of the Olympiads/ to Coræbus the victor in the first Olympiad. But this disagreement proceeds from their putting the reigns of the kings of Sparta equipollent to generations & accordingly recconing them at ab three thr three reigns to an hundred years, {illeg} or about 33 years to a reign: whereas according to ye course of nature the reigns one with another {illeg} to be recconed at 21 years a piece. And if they \be/ recconned at 21 years apiece {illeg} the history of Lycurgus & reign of Iphitus will fall in wth the victory of Coræbus & first Olympiad as it ought to do.

Suidas reccons Homer two ages younger then Orpheus that is one age younger then the Trojan war. Crates saith that he flourished before the return of the Heraclidæ or within less then 80 years after ye Trojan war. And Herodotus in the life of Homer tells us yt Homers master was Phemio, that Phemio whom Homer in the first of his Odysses mentions to have sung at a feast of Penelopes Lovers within ten years after the Trojan war. He tells us also that Homer's mother <74v> married the same Phemio & that Homer when his sight began to fail lodged for some time with Mentor of Ithaca, that Mentor to whose trust Vlisses when he went to ye war of Troy committed the care of his house & family, & that Homer there learnt of Mentor many things concerning Vlisses & in gratitude made an honourable mention of Mentor in his Odysses. And Herodotus in the second book of his History tells us that ffom all wch it follows that Homer lived in the age next after the Trojan war. Now Herodotus tells us that {illeg} & Homer & Hesiod lived not above 400 years before him. Herodotus flourished in ye 84th Olympiad. Count 400 years backwards & Homer will flourish not above 6{illeg}7 years before the Olympiads, that is about 65 or 70 years {illeg} \140/ years after ye death of Solomon or about 60 or 70 years after the Trojan war.

{illeg}

Lycurgus the Legislator soono after the death of Homer going into Io{nia there met} with Homers verses copied them & & published them in Greece. {illeg} Some say that Lycurgus met with Homer himself, but this is certain that he was the first who published collected his scattered verses & published them & therefore he lived in the times next after Homer. |as Homer did in the times next after the Trojan war {illeg} wth {illeg} recconing| {illeg} lived in the age next after the Trojan {illeg} interval of above {illeg}|4|00 years between him \the Trojan war/ & the first Olympiad when Lycurgus flourished & {illeg} of above 4|3|00 between that \war/ & ye {illeg} Poets \next after Homer namely/ Tyrtæus, Telesilla, Alcmæon, Sesicorus, Mianorinus, Alcæus Arion, Alcæus &c, wch is surely too great {illeg} \For if Homer lived in the age next after the Trojan war/ his verses would have been lost before the age of Lycurgus & his language grown obsolete before the next Poets age of ye next Poets.

Altho ye Greeks \& Latines/ had no Chronology so old as the reign of Alexander ye great, yet the eastern nations {illeg} |Phœnicians had Annalls as ancient as the days of David|. And therefore if we can find any synchronisms of the \ancient/ actions of the Greeks with those of the {illeg} nations \Phœnicians w{hose} times are stated/ we shal by that means find that \determine the ancient/ times of the Greeks wth \much/ more certainty then ye Greeks could do by arguing \only/ from their Genealogies & reigns of kings. Now some old writers (as {Plinius} – – – coasts of Afric presently after the wars of Troy. At the same time {illeg} some of the Greeks {sailed} to Cyprus & there built cities. For Teucer after ye destruction of Troy being {illeg} – – – call him Matgenus. And Vpon {sic} these & such like grownds Virgil makes Æneas contempory {sic} to Dido & her father Belus. Now in what age Æneas \Belus/ & Dido \& {Camisses}/ lived the Greeks & Latins in the days of Virgil did not know but Iosephus has discovered it out of Tyrian annals. For according to those Annals as they are recited by Iosephus, Matgenus the father of Dido & Pigmaleon reigned nine years & died {illeg} 83 years after Solomon. Whence it follows that Troy was taken about 70 or 75 years after the death of Solomon.

Again, Tatian in his book against the Greeks – – – before he fled as we shal shew hereafter.

And we

<75r>

Addenda et emendanda

Sect. III. pag. 2. lin. 2 – wch rose up afterwards: [add] being only within the fertile planes of Chaldæa \& Chalonitis/ & Assyria watered by the Tigris & Euphrates.

S. I. p. 18. l. 9 – \who all of them delivered in their histories (translated into Greek by Lætus or Chetus,)/ under which king Europa was carried away, & [under wch] Menelaus came into Phœnicia. Mention is there made also of king Hiram who gave his daughter to Solomon in marriage to Solomon, king & furnished him with timber for building the temple: & that the same is affirmed by Menander of Pergamus. [The rapture of Europa & the coming of her brother Cadmus into Greece happened therefore within the time of the reign of the kings of Tyre whose history \reigns/ was|ere| conteined in these histories & by consequence not before the reign of Abibalus the father of Hiram nor before {illeg} nor before the{illeg} reign of David whose son Solomon married the daughter of Hiram was cotemporary {sic} to Hiram & married his daughter.] \Now/ Iosephus a lets us know that the Annals of – in the eleventh year of Hiram. And by the testimony of Menander & the \said/ three ancient Phœnician historians the rapture of Europa, & \by consequence/ the coming of her brother Cadmus into Greece, happened within the time of the reign of the kings of Tyre delivered in these histories & by consequence not before the reign of Abibalus the first of them, nor before the reign of king David his contemporary. The voiage of Menelaus might be after the destruction of Troy. Solomon therefore reigned – – –

Sect. 1. p. 20 l. 26. Then reigned 12 Archons for f life successively, wch being in in {sic} a new unsettled government, if we reccon their reigns one wth another at about 15 years a piece one with another, that is they will take up 180 years & so end in Ann. 2|1| Olymp. 37. Then reigned seven decenniall Archons some of wch dying in their regency; they might altogether take up about 40 or 50 years & so end Ann. 2 Olymp. 48 or thereabout.

Sect. 1. p. 20. l. 21. Ariadne was left in the island Dia by Theseus when Bacchus returned from India & then became his mistress, \that is about ten years after the death of Solomon./ And from that time reigned reigned \eight kings at Athens/ in {sic} Athena |vizt| Theseus, Menestheus, Demophaon, Oxietes, \Aphidas,/ Thymætes, Melanthus, \&/ Codrus, the fift & sixt of wch according to chronologers reigned but together but nine years according to chronologers. If to the other six we should allo reccon \all/ their reigns one wth another at 18 years a piece they would end to end about 154 place the death of Codrus about 184 |1154 {sic}| years after the death of Solomon or 51 years before the Olympiads. Then reigned twelve Archons for life successively, wch being {illeg} a new unsed|t|led government if we reccon their reigns at 167 \17/ years a piece one wth another 192 they wil take up about 192 \204/ years & end An. 2. Olymp. 36 \39/. Then reigned seven decennial Archons, some of wch dying in their regency, they might all together take up about 40 or 50 years & so end about An 3. Olymp. 47 \50/. And then followed the annual Archons, amongst whom were the legislators Draco & Solon. Soon after the death of Codrus, his second son Neleus not bearing the reign of his lame brother Medon at Athens

\Sect 1./ P. 21. l. 28 And th to this recconing the Roman history may easily be adapted by shortning the reigns of all their kings in the proportion of about 7 to 4 or 2 to 1. 11 to 6.

Sect. II. p. 3. l. 29. After founder & people add: unless you had rather say that the word signifies the people of the upper & lower Egypt.

I. p. 17. l. 2 relates. ffor Herodotus in the beginning of his first book relates that the Phenicians coming from the red sea to the mediterranean, & beginning to make long voyages with Egyptian & Assyrian (he means Syrian) wares, among other places came to Argos, & having sold their wares carried away \into Egypt/ some of the Greecian weomen who came to buy them, \&/ amongst w|t|hom|se| \weomen/ was Io the daughter of Inachus, & carried \went with/ them into Egypt. The Phenicians therefore came from the red sea in the days of \Io & her brother/ Phoroneus the brother of Io & king of Argos & by consequence about |at| that time when David conquered the Edomites & made them fly into Egypt \& Phœnicia/ & other places; & [They \would be apt to fly/ chiefly to the Philistims their next neighbours & the enemies of David] \And/ This {sic} flight gave occasion to the Phœnicians to call &c.

<75v>

All nations before they began to keep exact accounts – – to Amosis 47000 years And Callisthenes the disciple of Aristotel sent Astronomical Observations from Babylon into Greece of 1903 said to be of 1903 years standing till the before the times of Alexander the great. And the Chaldeans boasted that they had been observing|ed| the starrs 473000 years. {illeg} And others made the kingdoms of Assyria \Media &/ Damascus & Sicyon much older then the truth.

Someof the Greeks called – for the first 60 or 70 Olympiads.

The Europeans had no Chrononlogy – let us reexamin that computation.

The Egyptians recconed the reigns of king {sic} equipollent to generations \as above/ & so did the Greeks & Latins & accordingly they have made them reign one with another an age a piece recconing three ages to an hundred years – by equalling their reigns one wth another to generations.

Whilst Bacchus made his expedition into India Theseus carried left Ariadne in the island Dia & succeeded his father Ægeus at Athens, & Aria upon the return of Bacchus from India Ariadne became his mistress & accompanied him in his triumphs. And fr And this was about the ninth tenth or eleventh year after the death of Solomon. And from that time reigned eight kings in Athens till the death of Codrus: wch at 18|9| years a piece one wth another will \might/ take up about 144|52| years & end \about/ 44 years before the Olympiads. Then reigned 12 Archons for life which at 1612 | 17 years a piece (the govern state being then troubled \changeable/) might take up 198 | 204 years & end An. 2 | 4 Olymp. 39 | 40. Then reigned seven decennial Archons wch are usually recconed at seventy years but some of them dying in their regency they might not take up above 40 or 50 years & soe end about Ann {illeg} 2 | 4 Olymp. 50 | 51. Then succeeded the annual Archons amongst whom were \the legislators/ Draco & Solon

<77r>

In this tradition ye Egyptians honour their father Misraim \Osiris/ wth ye whole administration. If you correct them in this point & make {illeg} Ham the Lord of all & conceive {illeg} journey of |yt| Osyris to be took this journey {illeg} southward to search his inheritance you will here have ye division of ye Countries of Ham amongst his children. For Hercules is Chus, Misraim is Osiris is Misraim, {illeg} & Antæus is Phut & Busiris is Canaan as I find by other records compared wth this. |So then wth this division begins the brazen age.|

So then wth this division begins ye brazen age & this was ye first an age of discord. So Hesiod discord & {illeg} Tertia post illam succes \Now this was an age of/ discord wherein & war, as Hesiod & Ovid {illeg} write, tho not so wicked & cruel wth so much \injury &/ cruelty & wickedness as {illeg} ye next. For in this was \age arose/ ye war between ye Gods & Gyants. on this occasion \The manner was/ as follows. Misraim {illeg} \{illeg}/ had vitiated {illeg} Maia ye daughter of Phut & \on her/ begotten Thoth. To revenge this injury Phut tried to treacher ma treacherously drowns Misraim in ye river Nile & invades the possessions of his posterity, & thereupon they \flee &/ call Chus to their assistance & the two parties fight wth clubs wth various success. \ffor this is yt war of wch a[96] Hyginus \thus/ speaks: say Afri et Ægyptij primum fustibus dimicaverunt, postea Belus Neptuni filius gladio belligeratus est: unde bellum dictum. And from this flight of ye Egyptians arose ye fable of ye flight of ye Gods upon from ye Gyants. ffor Phut & his sons Otus Ophialtes & ye rest, \rep {sic}/ are sometimtimes represented by so many \severally by/ Giants, sometimes \collectively/ by one Gyant wth 50 heads & an hundred hands. {illeg} This that {sic}/ At length Thoth on whose account this war arose was acting ye part of an em a mediator or embassador between them composed ye war difference by an agreement that Phut should live at a distance. And hence Thoth, whom we call Mercury is said to reconcile two fighting serpents by casting his rod between them. Chus therefore carried Phut to San as far as ye western Ocean & {illeg} \there/ in memory of this journey there erected the pillars called Hercules's pillars. //And now the war being ended, Isis ye wife of Misraim {illeg} by the advice of Mercury governed {illeg} the whole family as Queen & instruc|itu|ted the an annual commemoration of the death of her husband by certain rites wch \of seeking his scattered limbs wth lamentations & drowning an ox, wch rites/ at length degene became a part of ye religion of ye Egyptians. And this kind of worship being at legt length propagated into some other countries was applied by the Assyrians to their Gods Venus & Adonis wth some alteration of the fable \history fable/ to suit it to those Gods.

About this time also Thoth setting in an in honour of his family to gratify his kindred & propagate their memory gave their names to the starrs & formed their hieroglyphical figures.

<79r> <80r>

360000 ped. Ang. in Iaon. 342360 ped Gall.

These things I mention because they have not been {illeg} understo{illeg} & {Protogenes}

And from \by/ these generatio circumstances Aethlius, Sisyphus, \{Atlantas}/ Æolus, Zuthus & Danaus were about the same age with Erechtheus \Iasion/ & Cadmus; & Hellen was about one generation & Deucalion about two generations older then {illeg} Erechtheus.

And after Bacchus was routed by Perseus & the war was composed, the Greeks did him \great honour,/ & built a Temple to him at Argus & called it the temple of the Cresian Bacchus because Ariadne was buried in it, as Pausanias relates

Bacc This Bacchus was therefore one generation older then the Argonauts & being king of Egypt at the same time with Sesostris they are \one &/ the same king. ffor they agree also in their actions. Bacchus invaded Greece & after he was routed by \the army of/ Perseus, & the war

ffor they came with a great multitude of Phenicians not to seek Europa but to seek new seats & being armed beat \routed/ the natives.

<80v>

65435) 1760713 (26911026 13007 452213 1346986(20508688 39261 13087 596130 38286 969101 (1481013 (209860453 588915 377175 65435 9530142390 00 7215 00 568500 0 314751 0 621480 (94976694 0 469857610 000 67150 00 523480 0 26174 0 588915 42885640755 00000 6065 000 45020 0 53011 00 32565 299633 (45790937 0 4100120245 0000 1715 000 39261 00 52348 0 26174 26174 38120569564 0000 1309 000000 5759 000 6630 00 6391 0 37893 00 288063289 000000 406 000000 5235 0000 65435 00 588915 0 327175 9533625062 0 2859042717 0000000 524 00000 8650 000 50985 00 51755 0 4290131278 00000 65435 000 458045 00 458045 00 3813450020 000 21590173 00000 9531422858 00000 21065 0000 43805 000 59505 00077269005 00 190602848 000000 42891402861 (20983217 0000 39261 000 588915 00 3336768772 000 25298882 0000000 38125691432 00 20342214 00000 4544 00000 61350 00 9598087752 000 23825355 0000 9998462578042 000 16951845 000000 6179 00000 2459 000 401912248 0000 1473527 0000000 1537421958 0000 13561476 000000 5829 00000 1963 000 381345002 00000000 14297131287 00000 10171107 0000000 290 000000 496 0000 20567246 000000 16941845 0000 19095612 00 221852185834 00000 1471634 00000 1430044 0000000 41590 9534608778 0 42905739501 00 33371130723 1077085293 228848795815 000 2860382633 0 953142286 0 221852185884 9999897686366 00 83943087 0 2218488 (3390369 5235628071(209891 0000 102313634 00 47657114 0 196305 0 9528743858 000000 95346088 00 36285973 00 255438 00 471256142 0000000 6967546 00 3336 00 196305 00 42879347361 0000000 4767304 000 292 00 (26910895 000 59133 000 4246266839 0000000 2200242 65435)1760913 000 888915 000 38114975432 0000000 190692 000000 130870 00000 2415 000 2058510 0000 4347692958 00000000 293322 0000000 452213 00000 196305 0000 4287934736 0000000 392610 000000 45195 000000 59758222 00000000 59603 000000 38261 4765703788 000000 47643719 00000000 588915 0000000 5934 0000 (209832600 000000 12114503 0000000000 7115 0000000 5889 00 9531407576 0000000 9528744 0000000000 65435 000000000 45 000 468592424 0000000 2585759 00000000000 5715 00 428913340921 0000000 2382186 00000000000 51348 0000 39679083 00000000 203573 000000 9628152 0000 381256303 00000 15534527 00000 14297111 000000 1237416 0000000 953142 0000000 284275 0000000 285942 0000000 1667 16146540 0 13455545 00 10764360 0000 8073279 0000 13455045 176091368745 65435) (205850997 1346986 00 33370 130870 00 327175 00 38286 0000 6525 00 327175 0000 588915 000 55685 00000 63585 000 523480 00000 58891 0000 33370 000000 4694 0000 196305 000000 2691090 (209860452 9530142416 469857584 42885640872 0 4100117528 0 38120569664 000 2880605616 000 2859042725 00000 21562891 00000 190602848 000000 25026062 000000 238253 0000000 12007 9532562578 0 42896531565 00 3813029021 999965813593 000 34186407 000 33363969 00000 822438 00000 476628 00000 345810 00000 2015 00000 2216 00000 22286 00000 2549 00000 2885 00000 3181 000000 211 0000000 71 000000 212 000000 257 000000 242 00000 1294 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

To Sr Isaac Newton,
Present

<81r>

Di{illeg} to represent yt Osiris & Isis \were/ {two generations older then} Sesostris, saying that after Orus the son of Osiris & Isis, reigned Sesonchosis. And this opinion seems to have given occasion to the people of Naxus to feign that there were two Minoses & two Ariadnes, the first of wch were contemporary to Bacchus & the last to Theseus & by consequence to Sesonchosis. ffor by the consent of all antiquity & the testimony of Herodot the Egyptians themselves Osiris & Bacchus were one & the same king of Egypt. Seing therefore there was but one Minos & one Ariadne, Bacchus or Osiris & Sesonchosis or Sesostris \or Osiris & Sesostris or Sesonchosis/ who were contemporary to them must be contemporary to one another & so be one & the same king of all Egypt & Isis must be the Queen of Sesostris his Queen, that is, ye Queen of Sesak.

Apis king of Sicyon was the grandson of Ægyalis

There could be no memory of things done in Greece before ye above 100 years before the first use of letters, & therefore the coming of Cecrops, Lelex, Inachus, Æzeus, Pelasgus & other Egyptians with colonies into Greece could scarce be above 80 years before Cadmus came & & with brought in letters, Inachus had several sons who reigned in several pa & by consequence chronologers have made the kingdoms of Argos & Sicyon much older then the truth. Inachus had several sons who reigned in several parts of Peloponnesus, & there built towns as Phoroneus who built Phoronicum afterwards called Argos from Argus his grandson, Ægyalus who built Ægyalea afterwards called Sicyon from Sicyon the grandson of Erechtheus, Phegeus who built Phegea afterwards called Psophis from Psophis the daughter of Lycaon. Phoroneus had also several sons & grandsons as Car, Spartus, Apis who reigned in several places & built towns where there were none before. And so Lycaon the son of Æzeus, or as some say of Pelasgus built Lycosum recconed the oldest town in Greece & left his kingdom divided between his 24 sons each of wch built a town. And these were the oldest towns in Peloponnesus. Now the divi except Oenotrus who sailed into Italy. & there built towns And these were the oldest towns in Peloponnesus. Now this division & subdivision of kingdoms has made the history of Peloponnesus in those early times, very confused & intricate, & Chronologers collecting into one series the names of kings who reigned in several parts of the kingdom \territories/ of Phoroneus, have made the kingdom of Argos much too ancient. And the kingdom of Sicyon founded by Æg they \have made/ much older by dividing Apis (called b[97] Epaphus by the Egyptians) into two kings called Apis & Epopeus \(or, as Hyginus calls him, Epaphus)/ & inserting the feigned names of 12 feigned kings between them & making those kings reign one with another above 50 years ap a piece, wch is very much beyond the course of nature.

4 Nicteis the daughter of Nicteus

4 Polydorus the son of Cadmus married Nicteis the daughter of Nicteus & dying left his kingdom & young son Lycus Labdacus {illeg} under the administration of Nicteus. Then Epopeus king of Ægyalus (afterwards called Sicyon) stole Antiopa the daughter of Nicteus & thereupon Nicteus made war upon him & in a battel wherein Epopeus overcame, both were wounded & died soon after. Nicteus left the tuition of Labdacus & administration of the kingdom to his brother Lycus & Epopeus or (as Hyginus calls him) Epaphus, left his kingdom to Lamedon who presently ended the war by sending home Antipa, & she in returning home brought forth Amphion & Zethus. Labdacus being grown up received the kingdom of Lycus & afterwars {sic} dying left it again to his administration. When Amphion <82r> & Zethus were but 20 years old, at the instigation of their mother Antiopa they killed Lycus & made Laius the young son of Labdacus fly to Pelops {seized} the city Thebes & compassed it with a wall. Amphion married Niobe the sister of Pelops & by her had several children amongst whom was Chloris the mother of Periclymenus who \was/ one of the Argonauts. Amphion & Zethus, Niobe & Pelops, Lamedon & Laius were therefore about two \little/ generations older then the Argonauts, |& Epopeus \& \Nicteus/ Polydorus/| \was three generations older./ Agamemnon & Menelaus the sons of Plisthenes the son of Atreus the son of Pelops were at the Trojan war, & so were Idomeneus & Menones the grandsons of Minos. & Europa \And Deucalion the Argonaut was the son of Minos & grandson of Iupiter & Europa according to Homer/. And by all these circumstances, the coming of Cadmus & Europa into Europe is determined to be about \not about/ three ordinary generations or an hundred years before the Argonautic expedition & four ordinary generations before ye destruction of Troy.

There could be no memory of things done in Greece above one hundred years before the use of Letters: & therefore the coming of Cecrops Lelex Inachus, Æzeus, Pelasgus & other Egyptians with colonies into Greece could scarce be above 80 years before Cadmus came with letters.] |5| In the days of Erechtheus king of Athens & Celeus king of Eleusis, Ceres a woman of Sicily came into Attica in quest of her daughter & taught Triptolemus to sow corn the son of Celeus to sow corn. \She lay with Iasion the brother of Harmonia the wife of Cadmus/ & soon after her death Erechtheus was slain in a battel \war/ between the Athenians & Eleusinians, & for the benefaction of bringing tillage into Greece, the Eleusinia sacra were instituted to her by Celeus & Eumolpus & a sepulchre or Temple was built to her in Eleusine & {sic} the family of Eumolpus & daughters of Celeus became her Priests. And this is the first instance that I meet wth in Greece of deifying the dead wth Temples & sacred rites & sacrifices & initiations & a succession of Priests to perform them. Now by this history it is manifest that Erechtheus Celeus, Eumolpus, Ceres, Iasion, Harmonia \& Cadmus/ were all contemporary to one another, & therefore [since Celeus was the son of Rharus the son of Cranaus the successor of Cecrops it is manifest that Cecrops came into Greece about two reigns & a] flourished about an hundred years before the Argonautick expedition, & \& scarce above. For/ Zetes & Calais the sons of Orithyia the daughter of Erechtheus were Argonauts.

There could be no memory of things done in Greece above one hundred years before the use of letters, & therefore the coming of Cecrops Lelex Inachus, Æzeus, Pelasgus \Phorbas, Piræus, Æolus/ & other Egyptians wth colonies into Greece could scarce be above 80 years before Cadmus brought in letters.] |6| Celeus \the contemporary of Erechtheus/ was the son of Rharus the son of Cranaus the successor of Cecrops, & Car the son of Phoroneus {illeg} the son of Inachus built a Temple to Ceres in Megara & therefore outlived Erechtheus Ceres & Erectheus: & [by consequence Cecrops & Inachus the coming of Cecrops & Inachus into Greece was {illeg} but about two reigns & a generation {illeg} or between 70 & 80 years earlier then that of] Arcas Cadmus]. Arcas the son of Callisto the daughter of Lycaon the son of Pelasgus \(or according to Dionysius Halycarnassæus the son of Æleus)/ received corn from Triptolemus & taught his people to make bread of it. And Æsculapius the Argonaut was the son of Coronis the daughter of Leucippus the son of Amyelas the son of Lacademon & Sparte. <82Br> {illeg} < insertion from f 81v > \to ye next page but one/ And so might Lelex the father of Eurotas, Myles & Polycaon, & \Æolus/ Phorbas & Pirasus. for Lelex was the father of Eurotas Myles & Polycaon, & Eurotas was the father of Sparte the mother of Amyclas the father of Leucippus the father of Coronis the mother of Æsculapius the Argonaut. Cor Myles was the first who set up a hand mill \or Quern/ in Greece to grind corn. |And| Polycaon \the grand son of L{illeg}/ married Messene the daughter of Triopas the son of Phorbas the brother of Pirasus. \/ < insertion from lower down f 81v > ‡ And Æolus was the father of Æ Aëthlius the father of Endymion the father of Pæon Epeus & Ætolus. And {illeg} Aethlius was the first king of the Epeans, & \Pelops/ in the reign of Epeus Pelops \Pelops/ came into Peloponnesus \in the reign of Epeus/ & Ætolus slew Apis the son or grandson of Phoroneus. < text from higher up f 81v resumes > And \by/ these are the sta circumstances I gather that the Egypt Cecrops Inachus Pelasgus Æzeus, Lelex, Phorbas & Pirasus \& Æolus/ came from Egypt with colonies into G from Egypt into Greece about 70 or 80 years before \the coming of/ Cadmus & his contemporaries came with colonies from Phenicia. \Europa./ Certainly their coming \from Egypt/ could not be much earlier, because Cadmus brought in letters, & it is not likely that any thing done in Gree Europe \could be remembered/ above an hundred years before ye use of Letters. < text from f 82Br resumes > {illeg}

< insertion from f 81v >

&that Epopeus, Pelops, Polydorus,

< text from f 82Br resumes > < insertion from f 81v >

Celeus was the Son of Cranaus the so Rharus the son of Cranaus the successor of Cecrops & therefore Cecrops was not above two or three generations older then Cadmus Erechtheus. & Cadmus – He built Cecropia afterwards called \from Attis/ Athens. Inachus had several sons who reigned in several parts of Peloponnesus & there built towns & erected little kingdoms, as – – – – – – built towns where there were none before. And Car built a temple to Ceres in Megara & therefore outlived Erechtheus & Ceres, & his grandfather Inachus was of about the same age with Cecrops. Lycaon the son of Æzeus, built Lycosura one reputed the oldest town in Peloponnesus, & left his kingdom divided between his four & twenty sons each of wch built a town except Oenotrus the youngest who went into Italy & there built towns, & Arcas the son of Callisto the daughter of Lycaon built received corn from Triptolemus & taught the people to make bread of it, & therefore the children of Lycaon were contemporary to Ceres \Celeus/ & Erechtheus, & Æzeus was contemporary to Cecrops. Æolus was the father of Aëthlius the father of Endymion the father of Pæon Epeus & Ætolus, & who were contemporary to Pelops & Epopeus: {illeg} for Pelops came into Peloponnesus in the reign of Epeus & Ætolus slew Epopeus. Lelex was the father of Eurotas the father of Sparte the mother of Amyclas, the father of Leucippus the father of Coronis the mother of Æsculapius the Argonaut & therefore was also contemporary to Cecrops: And so were the brothers Phorbas & Pirasus. ffor Polycaon the brother of Eurotas married Messene the daughter of Triopas the son of Pirasus.

< text from f 82Br resumes >

But some of the later Greeks have mag out of vanity have made their antiquities \of Greece/ much greater. Acusilaus an Argive has made Phoroneus the oldest of mortals & feigned Pelasgus to be the son of even older then Pelasgus

7. The {Greeks} \Egyptians/ soon after their coming into Italy Greece, built towns there, & reigned in them as Kings, distributing their territories amongst their children. Inachus had several sons who reigned in several parts of Peloponnesus & there built towns, as Phoroneus who built Phoronicum afterwards called Argos from Argus his grandson, Ægyalus who built Ægyalea afterwards called Sicyon from Sicyon the grandson of Erechtheus Phegeus who built Phegea afterwards called Psophis from Psophis the daughter of Lycaon. Phoroneus had also several sons as Apis, Car Spartus who reigned in several places & built towns where there were none before. And so Lycaon \the son of Æzeus or Æolus,/ built Lycosura recconed the oldest town in Greece & left his kingdom divided between his four & twenty sons each of wch built a town except Oenotrus the youngest who sailed into Italy & built towns there. And so Aethlius built his & his brother Opus the city Opus the like is to be understood of the rest of ye Ægyptian ans & their children \colonies/. And this seems to be the original of towns in Europe. ffor before the seas began to be navigated, Europe could be peopled only by Scythians from the north side of the Euxine sea & lake Mœotis.

< insertion from the left margin of f 82r >

And accordingly the ancient Greeks who made the fables of the Gods have feigned that Apis or Epap the son of Phoroneus & Io his sister went into Egypt & became the Epa Apis or Epaphus & Isis of the Egyptians, making Apis Epaphus \the Apis/ & Isis of the Egyptians but \not above/ one generation younger then Phoroneus. Apis is the Osiris whom the Egyptians worshipped in the Ox Apis.

< text from f 82Br resumes >

8 The Greeks out of vanity have made some of their kingdoms much older then the truth. Acusilaus an Argive made Phoroneus the oldest of mortals even older then Pelasgus, & in favour of this opinion the names of several men \men who reigned in several {places} parts of Peloponnesus/ have been collected in one series as if they had all reigned successively at Argos, & of one Inachus & one Io they have made two, calling the last Inachus corruptly by the name of Iasus. And in the kingdom of Sicyon founded by Ægialus the brother of Phoroneus, they have divided one {illeg} Apis into two calling the last Epaphus or Epopeus: & between them have inserted the names of 10 or 12 feigned kings, making them b reign one wth another above 50 years a piece. And in the kingdom of Athens they have divided one Erechtheus & one Pandion into two, giving the name of Erechthonius to the first Erechtheus. And in the kingdom of \Crete/ some \the people of Naxus/ have divided one Minos & one Ariadne into two Minoses & two Ariadnes pretending that the first Ariadne married Bacchus & that the last was carried away by Theseus, & by this means they have made the great Bacchus two generations older then the truth. And accordingly Dicæarchus represents that Osiris & Isis were two generations older then Sesostris saying that after Orus the son of Osiris & Isis reigned Sesonchosis. For by the consent of all antiquity & by the testimony of the Egyptians themselves, Osiris & Bacchus were one & the same king of Egypt. So also the ancient Greeks who made

<83r>

Nabopolassar according to ye Canon began his reign in ye 123th year of Nabonassar & reigned 21 years. In ye 18 or 19 year of his reign he sent his son Nebuchadnezzar invaded Syria {illeg} & conquered Iudea as above & Ieh\oi/akim served him three years & yn turned & rebelled 2 King 24.1. Vpon Nebuchadnezzars returning back into Chaldea Iehojakim rebelled hencefo

| And tho their kings rebelled against him yet it prospered not. Iehojakim served the king of Babylon 3 years & then turned & rebelled (2 King. 24.1) & reigned eleven years incomplete & {illeg} was suceded {sic} by his son Iehojakin| |He served him in ye 4th 5t & 6t year of his reign & when Nebuchadnezzar was gone up to ye king of Bab back to Babylon rebelled in the 7th [& reigned in rebellion to {the} 11th year & then was succeeded by his son Iehojakin who reigned only 3 months & 10 days.{illeg}] so that the death of Nabopolasser happened between the fourth & seventh year of his reign Iehojakims reign, \& by consequence in the 2d or 3d of Nebuchadnezzars./ When Ieho\ja/kim had reigned almost {illeg} eleven years & incomplete & was succeeded by his son Iehojakin who reig Nebuchadnezzar in the 8th year of his reign in the return or beginning of ye I end of ye Iewish year sent & beseiged Ierusalem & after Iehojakin had reigned 3m & 10 days captivated him – – – –| Vpon Nebuchadnezzars returning back into Chaldea Iehojakim rebelled that is in ye year of Nabonassar 144. for Nebuchadnezzar Nabopolassar according to ye Canon began his reign in|with| ye year of Nabo Nabonassar 123 \&/ reigned 21 years. Hereupon Nebuchadnezzar in ye 8th year of his {illeg} reign & eleventh of Iehojakim over Iudea, upo at ye return \or beginning/ of the year Iewish year, that is in spring, came against Iehojakin with an army sent & |sent against Iehojakim & his son|, beseiged Ierusalem, \spoiled the Temple/ captivated Iehojakin & the Princes of ye Iews & craftsmen & smiths & all that were fit for war \& spoiled the Temple/ & leaving none but the poorest sort of the people made Zedekiah their king. After this \captivity/ Nebuchadnezzar reigned 37 years (2 King 25.37) & according to ye Canon died in ye 186t year of Nabonassar & therefore the year of th wch wth his first 8 years makes up his whole reign of 45 years \& some months over or under accordingly as you reccon the 37 years complete or incomplete/. But after the death of his father he reigned only 43 years according to ye Canon & Berosus, & therefore he reigned \over Iudea/ about two years before his fathers death as above.

In ye 9th year of Zedekiah in the 10 \Iewish/ month he Nebuchadnezzar beseiged Ieru about 390 years after the schism & apostasy of ye 10 ten tribes according to ye prophesy of Ezekiel, Nebuchadnezzar beseiged Ierusalem again & in the end of ye eleventh year \of Zedekiah/ in ye 19th year of Nebuchadnezzar \in ye 4th & 5t months/, after a siege of two years & an half took & burnt the city & ye temple. This conflagration was one or two years after the sabbatic yeare & therefore in ye year of Nabonassar 159 or 160. ffor in ye 10 year of Zedekiah Ezekiel was put in prison & continued in prison to ye end of ye siege & before he was put in prison Pharaoh came out of Egypt with an army to raise ye siege & \reproved the Iews for taking/ ye Chaldeans went up from Ierusalem to meet Pharaoh who came out of Egypt wth an army to raise the siege, & \Iew/ then the Iews being freed from their fear took back into bondage their servants whom {illeg} they \had/ newly set at liberty according to ye law \& serve/ of ye sabbatic year. ffor in their affliction they had humbled themselves & {illeg} made a solemn covenant in the temple that they would observe \observe/ this law of the seventh \sabbatical/ year {illeg}.

If from ye conflagration of ye Temple you count backwards the number of the years of the reigns of all the Kings of Iudah amounting to 430 years & 3 months to the founding of the Temple & also 479 year or 480 years & one month more unto ye Exit \or coming/ of the Hebrews out of Egypt you will have the Æras of the Exit & of Solomons \of the Temple/ Temple {sic} \& of the exit/ {illeg} And according to this re making the placing ye exit in ye year of ye Iulian Period 3217 so that ye first sabbatical year may begin in ye autumn of ye 53d yeare of the Exit as it ought to do. In ye \yeare wch be/ autumn of ye 46th year the land rested from ye six years war of Moses & Ioshua & \For/ The {sic} Hebrews began to make war upon the Canaanite {sic} in ye autumn of ye 40th year \of ye exit/, warred six years, & in the seventh year rested from war & divided the land & having \by lot/, in the six following years cultivated every man his own land \lot/ & in ye seventh (wch began in ye autumn of ye 53d year \of ye exit/ rested from agriculture.

Evil After the death of Nebuchadnezzar, Evilmerodach reigned

Nebuchadnezzar reigned after the death of his father 43 years \incomplete/ & after the captivity of Iehojakin 37 & died in ye \beginnning of the/ year of Nabonassar 186 & his son & successor Evilmerodach reigned two years & then for his lust & evil manners was slain by his sisters husband Nergalassir who in the name of his young son Laboasserdach the grandchild of Nebuchadnezzar reigned 4 years (according to Berosus & the Canon) & then Labasserdach (according to Berosus & Iosepus {sic}) reigned nine months more, And these are & then was slain in a feast by the conspiracy of his friends wth Nabonnidus a Babylonian to <83v> whom by consent they gave the kingdom & in ye 17th year of his reign as Berosus relates that is in ye year of Nabonass & who reigned 17 years untill the ta & ended his reign at the taking of Babylon b \(according to ye Canon)/ in the year of Nabonasser 210 at ye taking of Babylon in \by Cyrus wch year & this was/ the 70th year of \the reign of/ Nebuchadnezzar \& his successors/ reig over Iudea.

[Editorial Note 29] <84v>

Iudea was now in servitude under the king of Babylon being subdued in ye third year of Iehojakim so that the first year of his reign over Iudea was the 4th of Iehojakims (Ier. 25.1) And tho their kings rebelled against him yet it prospered not. ffor after Iehojakim had reigned eleven years wanting a few months & was succeeded by his son Iehojakin who reigned only 3 months & ten days, Nebuchadnezzar in the eighth year of his reign {illeg} in the return or beginning of the Iewish year sent & beseiged Ierusalem & took spoiled the Temple & captivated Iehojakin & the Princes of ye Iews & craftsmen & smiths & all that were fit for war & leaving none but the poorest sort of the people made Ieho Zedekiah their king, And when he had outlived the and reigned 37 years longer & \in all 45 years/ & then died in the year of Nabonasser 186 according to ye Canon & therefore began his reign over Iudea in ye 141st year of Nabonasser 141 in the about two years before his fathers death. ffor after his fathers death he reigned only 43 years, & his father reigned 21 years & died in ye year of Nabonassar 143 acording to ye Canon. Nebuchadnezzar therefore Zedekiah reigned full eleven years invaded Iudea & Syria in the 19th year of his father in the year of Nabonassar 141 & after three years hearing of his fathers death returned to Babylon & his armies followed him & then Iehojakim rebelled. [98]ffor Iehojakim served him three years & then turned & rebelled against him.

In ye 9th year of Zedekiah in the 10th month Nebuchadnezzar

In ye 9th year of Zedekiah the Iews in their distress humbled themselves & made a solemn convenant \in ye Temple/ that they would observe the law of the seventh year in dismis letting go their servants & accordingly they did let them go, but soon after the Egyptians com raised the siege for a time & then returned into Egypt & the ye Iews being freed from their fear took back their servants into bondage & were reproved for it by the prophet Ieremy. All this was done in the ninth year \of Zedekiah/ & beginning of the tenth \year of Zedekiah & 18th of Nebuchadnezzar/ before Ieremy was put in prison. ffor in ye 10th year \of Zed. & 18th of Nebuchad./ Ieremy was put in prison & continued in prison to ye end of ye siege, & therefore the ninth year of Zedekiah was this sabbatic year \was the {illeg} 9th year of Zedekiah/ & the began in autumn in ye year of Nabonassar 157 & the city was taken & burnt in ye summer in ye year of Nabonassar 160, in the beginning of {illeg} \Ann. 1./ Olymp. 48.

|– and was succeeded by his son Evilmerodach.|

Ierome tells us that the Evilmerodach having reigned in his fathers life time seven years while his father eat grass wth oxen, \&/ was afterwards imprisoned untill the death of \his fathers recovery put in prison/ wth Iehojakin Ieconiah king of Iudah till ye death of his father & then succeeded in the throne. Vpon his coming to ye throne in ye 12t Iewish month he brought Ieconiah out of prison after 37 ye & this was in ye end of the Iewish year \in ye 27th day of the 12t month/ so that Nebuchadnezzar died in ye end of Winter. In the 5t year of Ieconiahs captivity, {illeg} Belshassar <84r> was \accounted/ next in hono dignity to \his father/ Nebuchadnezzar & designed his successor (Baruch 1.2, 10, 11, 12, 14) & therefore Evilmerodach was even then in disgrace. & Belshazzar was the immediate his son Nergalasser Th & Belshazzar is hereby distinguished from Nergalasser who was but ye son in law of Nebuchadnezzar & & his young son Laboasserdach. After the death of Nebuchadnezzar Evilmerodach reigned two years – – – Persians.

<85r>

Aborigenes who came from the mountains: so they seem to have called those men Pelasgi who came from beyond the seas, the names Pelasgus & Pelagus being derived from one & the same original: unless you had rather say that the Pelasgi had their name from one or two of their kings called Pelasgus.

When Oenotrus the son of Lycaon carried a Colony into Italy he found that country for the most part uninhabited, & where it was inhabited peopled but thinly: & seizing a part of it he built towns in the mountains little & numerous as above. These towns were without walls. But after this Colony grew numerous & began to want room, they expelled the Siculi & compassed many cities with walls, & became possest of all the territory between the two rivers Liris & Tibur. And it is to be understood that these cities had their Councils & Prytanæa. For Dionysius tells us that the new kingdom of Rome as Romulus left it, consisted of thirty Courts or Councils in so many towns, each with the sacred fire kept in the Prytaneum of the Court for the Senators who met there to perform sacred rites after the manner of the Greeks. Whence the Senators were called Curiales. But when Numa the successor of Romulus reigned, he leaving the several fires in their own Courts, instituted one common to them all at Rome.

So also in Sicily the Sicanians who were reputed the first inhabitants of that Island built little villages or towns upon the hills & every town had its own king. And by this means they spread over the country before they formed themselves into larger governments with a common king.

The antiquities of Libya were not much older then those of Europe. For Diodorus tells us that Vranus the father of Hyperion & grandfather of Helius & Selene (that is Ammon the grandfather of Sesac) was their first king, & caused the people which till then wandered up & down, to dwell in towns & cities; and reducing them from a salvage lawless & salvage course of life, taught them to dwell in towns use & lay up the fruits of the earth, & do many other things usefull for mans life. And Herodotus tells us that all Media was peopled by δήμοι towns without walls, till they revolted from the Assyrians, which was about 267 years after the death of Solomon; & that after that revolt, they set up a king over them, & built Ecbatane with walls for his seat, the first town which they walled about. And Benhadad king of Syria had 32 kings in his army against Ahab, 1 King. 20.16.

When navigation was so far improved – propagated beyond the straits

The Sicanians were reputed the first inhabitants of Sicily. They built little villages or towns upon the hills & every town had its own king. And by this means they spread over the country before they formed themselves into larger governments wth a common king Philistus saith that they were transplanted into Sicily from the river Sicanus in Spain – – – first inhabitants of that Island & left the Sicani. For it was his custome to recruit his army – – – – contemporary to Evander.

The first inhabitants of Crete – – before & scarce above

And the island Cyprus – – – – Asterius & Minos.

All these footsteps there are – – & its islands. The antiquities of Libya were not much older – on this side India. Abraham was the fift from Peleg, & all mankind lived together in Chaldea under the government of Noah & his sons &c.

<86r>

But Diodorus tells us that the Phygian {sic} Rhe{a} was the daughter of {illeg} king of Phrygia & wife of Iasion [& that Dardanus Iasion & Harmonia w{illeg} \& that/ in Samothrace of the same parents, & that after the death of Iasion] The {illeg} of Ceres were instituted in Eleusis – – – of the same parents & after the death of Iasion, Dardanus \&/ Cybele went into Phrygia & carried thither the mysteries of the mother of the Gods & Corybas the son of Dardanus Iasion & Cybele

The first inhabitants of Sicily were the Sicanians. They were there before the death of Minos & by their having many cities on the mountains each with {illeg} its own king it may be concluded that they came into that Island not many very long before. Philistus a[99] saith that they were transplanted from the river Sicanus in Spain, & Dionysius b[100] that they were a Spanish people who fled from the Ligures in Italy. He means the Ligures c[101] who opposed Hercules when he returned from his expedition against Gerion in Spain \with part of his fleet/ & endevoured to pass the Alps out of Piemont into Italy. Hercules \that year got into Italy &/ made some conquests in Italy \there/ & after winter upon the arrival of the rest of his fleet from Erythra in Spain \in Spain/ sailed to Sicily, It w & left there the first inhabitants of that Island. ffor it was his custome c[102] to recruit his army with conquered people & after they had assisted him in making new conquests, to reward them wth new seats. This was the Egyptian Hercules who \who had a potent fleet sailed to the straits/ set up the pillars. ffor Erythra & the country of Gerion lay were without the straits. Dionysius represents him contemporary to Evander.

<86v> [Editorial Note 30]

And from the mountains where the where they \first/ lived, were called Aborigenes.

<87r>

places lying on the western borders of Medee

places in borders o the northern bordes

& placed them in the borders of his Empire in Halal & Habor (or Colchos & Iberia) & in H{illeg} Hara \[or Aria]/ & at the river Gozan at \places lying in/ the western borders of Media between

ffor Isaiah in ye 14 year of Hezekiah was commanded to walk bare foot 3 years, & in the end of that time he predicted the captivity of Egypt & Ethiopia by the king of Assyria & therefore it came to pass in the reign of Asserhadon./ This

<88r>

The Philistims were now grown very strong partly by the {illeg} access of the Edomites & {Sidon} being by their assistance took Zidon that that being a town convenient for those who fled from the red sea by reason of it {sic} trade upon the Mediterranean. And then did the Zidonians fly by sea to the Islands Tyre & Aradus. And when they

[Editorial Note 31]

& from him descended Sthenelus & his son Gelanor [who are recconed amongst the kings of Argos] who were succeeded by Danaus in the kingdom of Argus

<88v>

occasion to the tradition of wch Herodotus in \the beginning of/ his first book ascribes to the Persians & in the middle of his seventh book to the Phenicians themselves, vizt that the Phenicians came from the red sea to the sea coasts of the Mediterranean & presently undertook long voiages.

– occasion to the tradition \both/ of the ancient Persians & of the Phœnicians themselves, that the Phœnicians came

[Editorial Note 32]

in Sr I. Marsham's book where the paper is – |518|

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Et propterea si acta recta & secel rectam HK in N rectæ tres NK, AC, BD datas habemus rationes ad invicem.

Corol. Et recta illa HK ipsa Eα æquales (ob datas specie triangula EFC, EFL) datas habebit rationes ad EC et EE vel CD.

Corol: Et ob data {illeg} seu triangula EFC, EFL \datam {illeg} figuram EFLC/, recta tres EF EL, & EC. id est GD, HK, et EC, datas habeant rationes ad invicem.

untill we see the end [of the time times & half a time {illeg}] of the long captivity of the Iews predicted by Moses [above three thousand years ago] & the Prophets. Deut \ch/ XXVIII, XXIX, XXX. Hosea III.5, Ioel ch II.31, Amos & III.1, 2, 17, Amos ch IX.14, 15, Isaiah \ch/ LIX, LX, LXI & ch LXVI.20, Ier. ch XXIII.3, 6, 8 Ezek. XL.21, 24 ch XXXVI.24, 28, XXXVII.{illeg}12, 24, 25. & XXXIX.27, 28. Luke XXI.24. Rom. XI.25, 26. Acts I.6, 7 Isaiah II.2, 3, 4 Mica IV.1, 2, 3, 4, 7 Zeph. III.19, 20.

[Editorial Note 33]

untill the Iews shall return from their long {illeg} captivity as Moses & the Prophets have predicted {illeg}

untill the coming of the kingdom for wch we daily pray.

untill the return of the Iews from their long captivity predicted by Moses & the Prophets & untill the coming of the kingdom for wch we daily pray.

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In the end of the time times & half a time \(when the earth shall reel to & fro {illeg}/ then {shall we} better understand, & still better at the return of the Iews \{illeg}/ from their long captivity predicted by Moses & the Prophets Deut XXIX, & XXX. Hosea III.5 Ioel ch II.31 & III 1, 11, 17. Amos IX.14, 15. Isaiah II.2, 3, 4, & LIX, LX & LXI, & LXVI.20, |22.| Mica IV.1, 2, 3, 7. Zeph. III.19, 20. Ier. XXIII.3, 6, 8. Ezek. XXXVI.24, 28. & XXXVII.12, 24, 25, & XXXIX.27, 28. Luke XXI.24. Acts I.6, 7. Rom. XI.25, 26. Acts I.6, 7. Rom. XI.25, 26. And if there shall then go forth a {illeg} commandment to restore Ierusalem to its old inhabitants, the truth will fully appear within seven weeks

To the Hon: Sr Isaac Newton at his house near Leister Fields

[Editorial Note 34]

These things will be better understood

Herodotus makes Cyaxeres to be the son & successor of Phraortes & Astyages the father of {Mansone} & grandfather of Astyages to have been the son & successor of Cyaxeres, & Cyaxeres to have been ye son & successor of Phraortes & by this recconing inverts the order of the kings Astyages & Cyaxeres, [& makes Cyrus the immediate successor of his great grandfather Astyages] & attributes to Astyages what he should have attributed to Darius the son of Cyaxeres. Let the true order be restored & the kings of Media will have reigned in this order. Phraortes, Astyages, Cyaxeres, Darius, Cyrus: whereof Cyaxeres ordered the military affairs of the kingdom & distinguished the Monarchy into Provinces.

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– Abia & Asa. And Idomeneus the grandson of Minos was at the war of Troy. And Hiram succeeded – – – – fled to Europe. [So then according to the Annales of Tyre & the ancient Phenician historians who followed them, the coming of Cadmus & Europa \into Greece/ was not before the reign of Abibalus the father of Hiram.] And thus by the Annales of Tyre & the ancient Phenician histoans {sic} who followed them the Abibalus began h \Atymnus/ Cadmus & Europa fled from Ty Sidon about the sixteenth year of David|s| \reign/ & the Argonautic expedition being about three generations later will be about 300 \three hundred/ years later then where the Greeks have placed it.

And the \e/ Emperor Iulian in his fourth Oration: Nam cum cæteri omnes, ut uno verbo dicam populi menses ad Lunæ cursus accomodentꝫ nos soli cum Ægyptijs ad solaris circuitus annorum dies metimur.

Bacchus the conqueror loved two weomen a[103] Venus & b[104] Ariadne He was a[105] caught in Bed with Venus in Phrygia \according to a[106] Homer/ just before he came over the Hellespont & invaded Thrace, & according to b[107] Hesiod he married Ariadne the daughter of Minos, {illeg} \according to b[108] Hesion {sic}/. By the authority therefore of both Homer & Hesiod, who wrote before the Egyptians & Greeks had corrupted their antiquities, the great Bacchus was contemporary to Venus the mother of Æneas & to Ariadne the daughter of Minos & mistress of Theseus & sister of mother of Phlyas & Eumedon the \two/ Argonauts, & sister of Deucalion & therefore was but one generation made his Expedition into Asia India & Thrace \was/ but one generation before the Argonautic expedition. And by the consent of all antiquity Osiris this Bacchus was the same deified king of Egypt with Osiris. Herodotus c[109] tells us that this was the opinion of the Ægptians {sic} themselves & Diodorus d[110] that when Semele brought forth the Grecian Bacchus her father Cadmus referred his birth to Iupiter as if Osiris was born anew & that a report was thereupon spread that Semele the daughter of Cadmus had conceived Osiris of Iupiter.

By the authority of both Homer & Hesiod who lived b wrote before the Egyptians & Greeks had corrupted their antiquities, the great Bacchus was cont made his expedition into Syria, India & Thrace |a|b\o/ut one generation before the Argonautick expedition, ffor he w & therefore he \this Bacchus/ was one {&} the same king with Sesostris. ffor he was caught in bed with Venus the mother of Æneas just in Phrygia \according to Homer/ just before he came over the Hellespont & invaded Thrace: & he married Ariadne the daughter of Minos according to Hesiod, & by

– who were Argonauts. This Bacchus was caught in bed with Venus the \the mother of Æneas/ in Phrygia according to b[111] Homer just before he came over the Hellespont & invaded Thrace; & he married Ariadne the daughter of Minos according to c[112] Hesiod: & therefore by the authority of both Homer & Hesiod who wrote before the Egyptians & Greeks {sic} corrupted their antiquities, this Bacchus was one generation older then the Arganouts {sic}. And being king of Egypt at the same time with Sesostris they must be one & the same king. p. 15. l. 28. – – – – called him Osiris & Busiris. ffor all agree (even the Egyptians themselves) that Osiris was the same king of Egypt with B – – – – – before the birth of Minos 12, 16. 48. 192

And the builders of the Pyramids reigned at Memphis \& by consequence/ after Mœris.

p. 18. These articles being setled, \We have shewed/ that |3|4|| Troy was taken about 7{illeg}|9| years after the death of Solomon, |3| that the Argonautic expedition was about 45 years after it & |2| that Sesostris & the great Bacchus & by consequence also Osiris were one & the same king of Egypt with Sesac & that the came out of Egypt in the fift year of Rehoam {sic} to invade the nations: it remains that we shew h & |6| that the Ar return of the Heraclides into Peloponesus was 80 or almost 80 years after the taking of Troy & by consequence \or/ \about/ 159 or 155 years after the death of Solomon \/ < insertion from lower down f 90r > {illeg} & that Cadmus & E\u/ropa came into Greece about [a year or two before the birth of Minos the father of {Androgeus} Ariadne & by consequence about two generations before the expedition of Bacchus:] the sixteenth year of Davids reign \& Minos was born in the 20th or 22th year thereof/; |7| that Lycurgus reignd at Sparta & ga upon instituting the Quinquertium in the Olympic games gave the Disc ann 1 Olymp 18 or 273 years after the death of Solomon \the Quinquertium being at that time added to the Ol. games/: |5| that the Tyrian Phenicians of Tyre were driven from the red red sea & by the Edomites about 87 years after the death of Solomon, \&/ began to build shi & within a year or two began to make long viages upon the mediterranean under their Melcartus sailing to Spain & beyond under Melcartus. And these periods being settled it remains that we shew how the rest of the antiquities of Greece Egypt Babylon Assyria Chaldea & Media may suit wth these < text from higher up f 90r resumes > : it remains that we shew how the rest of the antiquities of Greece Egypt \&/ Assyria may suit with these recconings.

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& that the first Messenian warr ended about 350 years after the death of Solomon

We hav now shewed that Cadmus & Europa \the Phenicians of Sidon under the conduct of Cadmus & his brothers/ came into Greece \wth letters & other arts/ about the sixteenth year of king Davids reign \with letters & other arts & that Minos was then born of Europa/; that Sesostris & the great Bacchus & by consequence also Osiris were one & the same king of Egypt with Sesac & by conseque came out of Egypt in the fift year of Rehoboam to invade the nations; that the Argonautic expedition was about 44 years after the death of Solomon; that Troy was taken about 76 year or 78 years after his death; that the Phenicians \Phœnicians {illeg} of Tyre/ were driven from the red sea by the Edomites about 87 years after his death & within a year or two began to make long voiages upon the mediterranean sailing to Spain & beyond under their Admiral \a commander/ whom for his discoveries they honoured with the names of Melcartus & Hercules; 6 that the return of the Heraclides into Peloponesus was about 158 years after the death of that king; that Lycurgus reigned at Sparta & gave |ye| the|ree| Discs to ye Olympic treasury {the Discs} \An. 1 Olymp {illeg} 18 {illeg} 7 or/ 273 years after the death of that king, the Quinquertium being at that time added to the Olympic games \& that the Greeks began about the same time to build triremes/; |8| that the first Messenian warr ended about 350 years after the death of that king; And we shall shew hereafter & that Phidon was contempory {sic} to Solon & presided in the Olympic games in the 49th Olympiad that is 397 years after the death of that king \& that Solon visited Crœsus Ann. 4 Olymp 57 or 431 years after the death of that king/. And these periods being settled they nothing more re will be be\come/ a foundation for building the Chronology of the ancient times upon them: & nothing more will remains for setling such a chronology then then {illeg} to shew how al the rest of the antiquities of Greece, Egypt, Assyria, Chaldea & Media may consist with these periods.

pag. 21When the Greeks & Latins – – – – originals any further
Whilst Bacchus made his expedition – – – – his second son Neleus \was the Ionic Migration./
When Sesostris returned from Thrace – – – – – Rehoboam's or thereabouts.

688 Cyrus obit an. 4, Olymp. 62. Marmor structa ann 1, Olymp 129. Cyrus imperat Medis an. 1. Olymp 61. Diff. an 4, 68 = 272 631. 157. 3. 2. 28. 94. 3. / 1337 5357

that the Greeks began to send Colonies into Sicily in the 10th or 11th Olympiad & to build Triremes ten or twenty years or about &

that the Greek began to build triremes

– added to the Olympic games & that the Coni Greeks began about this time to build Triremes.

But the times set down in the Marbles \before the Persian Empire began/ being collected by recconing \the/ reigns of kings \one with another/ equipollent to generations & three generations to an hundred years, & the reigns of kings one with another being shorter in the proportion of \about/ 3 to 5 or 4 to 7: the Chronology set down in the Marbles before the conquest of Media by Cyrus will approach the truth much nearer by shortening the times before that conquest in the proportion of 3 to 5 or rather in the proportion of 4 to seven. Cyrus conquered the Medes Anno Nabonass An. 4 Olymp. 60, & the Cyrrheans were conquered An. 2 Olymp. 47 according to the Marbles. And the difference is 54 years. Which being shortned in the proportion of 4 to 7 to 5|4| becomes 31 \29/ years. And these years subducted from An being added to \subducted from/ An 4 Olymp 60 47 be pl produce an 1 Olymp. 53. And by the like correction of the Marbles ten Alcmæon enterteined & conducted the Oracle messengers whom Crœsus sent to consult the Oracle at Delpos An 2|1| Olymp. 58. And the tyranny of Pisistratus began at Athens An. 3 Olymp. 57. And Crœsus sent to the Oracle at Delphos An 2 Olymp. 58.

4. 60. 1. 53 = 37 = 31. 7. 4. :: 31. 124 (1727 = 4.2 2. 56 297. 29. 1612

Iphitus a presided both in the temple – – – – & therefore not to be admitted.

Cyprus took Babylon.

And by the like correction of the Marbles Alcmæon enterteined & conducted the messengers whom Crœsus sent to consult the Oracle at Delphos Ann. 1 Olymp. 58 \that is four years before the conquest of Sardes by Cyrus/: And the tyranny of Pisistratus began at Athens |wch by the marbles began at Athens Ann 4 Olymp 54 began Ann 3 Olym 57, & Solon died before the end of the next year.| Ann. 3 Olymp. 57. And by applying the same \like/ correction to the Chronology of Eusebius \Eusebius & other ancient Greeks/ the Legislature of Draco wch they place upon \the 4th year of/ the 39th Olympiad will fall upon Ann 4 Olymp 4{illeg}|8| \the 4th year of the 48th Olympiad the 1st year of the 49th/ And the Legislature of Solon wch they \Plutarch/ place|s| upon the Ann. 3 \3d year of/ Olymp. 46 will fall upon Ann 4 Olymp. 52 the 4th year of Olymp. 52, that is, \upon/ the year before the taking of Cyrrha: wch makes it probable that Solon was Archon of Athens when he devised the Amphictyons by his advice began that warr.

– latter part of his reign, & wh|e| have placed it upon the ninth year thereof, Ann. 3 Olymp. 57, & the legislature of Solon eighteen years earlier & that of Draco five|ft|een years earlier When Solon then that of Solon. When Solon left Sardes – – end of the year, suppose Ann 4 Olymp. 57. And by this recconing the objection of Plutarch –

– be inserted between Ramesses & Mœris

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291 The Cyrreans conquered An. 2 Olymp 47 − An. 1. 61 1 = An. 3. O. 13 = 55 An. | 3{illeg}|1|12 = {illeg} 312. 7 | An 1. O 53

Legislature of Solon An 3 Ol. 46. Diff A. 1. 61 = An 2 O 14 = 58. | 33 = 1. 8 | An 4. O. 52

Crœsus consulted ye Oracle at Delph. An 1. Ol. 56. Diff A 1 O 61 = O 5 = 20 | 1138 = 338. 2 | An 1 Ol. 58.

Legislature of Draco An. 4. Ol. 39. Diff An 1 Ol. 61 = A 1 O 21 = 85. | 4812 = 1012. 12 | An. 1 Ol. 49

Tyranny of Pisistratus An 4 Ol. 54. Diff A 1 O 61 = A1 O 6 = 25. | 1427. = 227. 3 | An 3 Ol. 57

Death of Solon

& dating their coming \(which is/ according to the course of nature) the {illeg} fourten reigns of of {sic} ye kings preceding \\the kings {sic} of Alba/ wch/ preceded the building of Troy may a may amount to about 280 years & these years dated counted from the {illeg} taking of Troy {illeg} end in the 37th Olymp. And the seven kings of Rome, five of wch were slain & one deposed), at about {illeg} \17/ yers {sic} al a piece (for five of these seven kings were slain & one deposed) may amout {sic} to {illeg} 105 years 119 years wch counted backwards fom the Regifuge & the beginning of the Consuls will end in the same 37th Olympiad & there place the building of Rome

– by ages they meant Reigns of the kings of the Latines at Alba, & recconed the first fourteen reigns at about 432 years & the following reigns of – – – – two {sic} long for the course of nature. {illeg} And by this recconing they placed the sixt or seventh Olympiad. Now these the p \the building of Rome upon/ upon {sic} the sixt or seventh Olympiad. Varro placed it in the first year of the seventh Olympiad & was therein generally followed by the Romans. But this can scarce be true. ffor I do not meet with any instance in all {illeg} history since Chronology was certain, wherein seven kings (most of wch were slain) reigned 200 \244/ years in continual succession. If to The four\teen/ reigns \of the kings of the Latines/ at 20 years a piece one with another amount unto 280 \years/, & these years counted from the taking of Troy end in the 38th Olympiad. And the seven Reigns of these kings of Rome, five of them being being {sic} slain & a sixt deposed, may at a moderate recconing \may/ amount to 14 or 16 years a piece one with another. Let them be recconed at 17 years a piece & they will amount to 119 years \And the interreg wch {illeg} of one year between the reign of {illeg} & {illeg} & the 20 years/ \wch/ counted backward from the Regifuge will end in the 38 Olympiad. And by these two recconings Rome was built about the s in the 38 Olympiad or thereabout. The whole All the The whole time of one & twenty reigns at 19 years a piece amounts to 399 years. And these years with the interregnum of one years counted backward from the Regifuge or beginning of the Consuls places the taking of Troy 74 years after the death of Solomon. / The 280 & the The Romans had no historian during the first 119 years together make \up/ 399 years & these w the whole time between the taking of Troy & the {illeg} regifuge. /And the same number of years arises by computing the 21 reigns at 19 years a piece.\ Let these years be counted backwards from the regifuge {illeg} & they will place the taking of Troy about 74 years after the death of Solomon. And

The five reigns following vizt those of Samedon, Sicyon, Polybus, Ianiscus, Phæstus Adrastus, after \the/ rate of 19|8| years ap a piece take up 95|0| years & end {illeg}|65| years after the the {sic} death of Solomon, & then reigned / Sicyon was the son of Pele And the next king And the next king Lamedon was contempory {sic} to Pelops. / Ac/ Sicyon was the son of Pelops as Pausanias reports from Ibicus, Adrastus reigned at Th Sicyon in the time of the first Theban warr against Thebes

pag 31. lin.

Ægialeus \was/ the first king of Sicyon \& yet/ is made much older \above five hundred years older then Phoroneus/ by \some/ Chronologers. But Acusilaus knew nothing of this. He & Anticlides an ancient author cited by Pliny & Plato in his Timeus accounted Phoroneus the oldest king in Greece \in Greece/ & Apollodorus d[113] tells us that Phoroneus was th Ægialeus was the brother of Phoroneus. Ægialeus died without issue & after him reigned Europs Telchin Apis Lamedon Sicyon Polybus Adrastus \The last of these Agamemnon./ And Sicyon gave his name to the kingdom – – as he ought to be. For Apis or Epopeus was slain & Nicteus the guardian of Labdacus were slain in battel as about the tenth year of Solomon as above; & the first four kings of Sicyon Ægialeus Europs Telchin Apis after the rate of about twenty years a piece to a reign take up about 80 years: & these years counted upwards from the tenth year of Solomon, place the beginning of the reign of Ægialeus upon the twelft year of Samuel or thereabout. And about that time began the reign of Phoroneus \at Argos/ Adrastus the last kin of the kings of \Homer mentions Adrastus reigning at first at/ Sicyon above \named is/ mentioned is named by Homer He is said to have reigned in the time of \was e[114] at/ the first war against Thebes. [Some place Ianiscus & Phæstus between Polybus & Adrastus, but wthout any certainty.] After Agamenon reigned Pelasgus {illeg} Xerxippus &c Apollodorus e[115] calls Adrastus king of Argos: but f[116] Homer tells us that he reigned first at Sicyon. He e[117] was at the first war against Thebes. Some place Ianiscus & Phæstus between Polybus & Adrastus, but without any certainty

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37 345) 20517 825 − 480 = 345. 912 − 655 = 257.

contemporary, & most probably, not before the reign of Hiram, the reign of Abibalus being passed over in silence by those ancient historians. – Abia & Asa. And Deucalion \Idomæneus/ the grandson of Minos was at the war of Troy. And Hiram – – – fled to Europe. So then the{illeg} Troj Argonautic expedition was about thre generations & the taking of Troy about four generations later then the coming of Cadmus & Europa into Greece

The Can\a/anites who fled from Ioshua retired in great numbers into Egypt, & there conquered Timaus, Thams or Thammuz king of the lower Egypt, & reigned there under their kings Salatis, Beon, Apachnas, Aphopis, Ianias, Assis &c untill the days of Samuel. They fed on flesh & sacrificed men after the manner of the Phenicians & were called shepherds by the Egyptians who lived only on the fruits of the earth & abominated flesheaters. The upper parts of Egypt were in those days under many kings reigning at Coptos, Thebes, This, Elephantis &c wch by degrees conquering one an other grew by degrees into one kingdom. And over this kingdom reigned Misphramuthosis in the days of Eli.

Anno ante Christum 1120. About this time Mephres reigned over the upper Egypt from Syene to Heliopolis & his successor Misphramuthosis made a lasting warr upon the shepherds soon after, & caused many of them to fly into Palestine, Idumea, Scythia & L Syria & Libya & under Lelex, Æzeus, Inachus, Pelasgus, Æolus the first, \Abas,/ Cecrops & others captains into into {sic} Greece. And these strangers built the first houses in Greece.

1070 Abbas the father of Acrisius & Prætus comes into Eulæo Greece.

625 Nabopolassar commander of the Assyrian forces in Chaldea revolts from the / & the Sidonians under

637 Phraortes slain by the Assyrians. Astyages succeeds him

635 The Scithians beat the Medes invade Media & from thence forward reign over Media 28 years

625 Nabopolassar

608 Nineveh taken

667 Asserhadon dyes & is succeeded by Saosducinus. Manasses is set at liberty

647 Saosduchinus is succeeded in Bab \king of Assyria {dies} &/ is succeeded by Chyniladon.

637 Phraortes slain by the Medes Assyrians & succeeded by Astyages

635 The Scythians invade Media & from thenceforward reign over the Medes 28 years.

625. Nabopolassar commander of the Assyrian forces in Chaldea revolts from the \Chynildaon {sic}/ king of Assyria & becomes king of Babylon & Chyniladon is succeeded either now or soon after at Nineveh by Sarac

608 Nineveh

* So Diodorus: They say that the Chaldæans in Babylon are \being/ colonies of Egyptians, became famous for Astrology having learnt it from the priests of Egypt.       Diodor. l. 1, p. 51, d.

{building}. The reign of Psammiticus began about 655 years before Christ, \& that of Menes/ & I place the founding of this Temple by Menes about 257 years earlier. But the Priests of Egypt.

– from Menes to Mœris (who reigned 200 years before Psammiticus) there were 330 –

The people all the sea coasts of the Mediterranean Philistims as far as Sidon & give the name of Phœnicia thereunto. About this time Abas the father of Acrisius & Prætus came from Egypt.

And Estiæus, who wrote an history of Egypt, said that after this disasterthe priests who survived this disaster, taking the sacra of Iupiter Enyalius came to Sennaar in Babylon /p. 26.\

Berosus wrote a history of 480 years. Plin. l. 6. c. 55. Biblioth p. 20.

Tyre built 80 or 90 years before the taking of Troy Biblioth. p. 24. 75 years. Boch. p. 860.

Strabo de Phœnicibus: Extra columnas Herculis progressi sunt et urbes condidere & in media Libyæ ora maritima poculo post Trojana tempore. Strabo l. 1. p. 48. Boch. p. 708

Plin. l. 7. cap. 56. Plumbum ex Cassitende insula primus apportavit Midacritus. Legendum Medacritus Melcartus id est Phœnicius Hercules. Nam Midacritus Græcum nomen est. Boch. p. 723

17.9141850140+5 or 10. 150. 0 501 145 356 0 501 150 351 17.9125 0 0

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Hercules having killed Augeas held his Olympic at Elis.

Teucer the son of Telamon built Salamis in Cyprus.

Crete so called from Cres one of the Curetes who nussed {sic} up Iupiter. Hi Cnosson & Cy{illeg} templum condiderunt Euseb. Chron.

Busiris Neptuni & Libyæ Epaphi filiæ filius {illeg} in Ægypto regnat. Euseb Chron.

In Creta regnvit {sic} I Apteras 0. II Lapis. 40. III Asterius 55. fferum reptū 85. MinMinos regnat in Creta 97, & Celeus in Eleusine.

Anno Abrahami nati 56 regnavit Cres in Creta vel 128. Anno 451 Cydon. An. 513 Apteras. 55|4|4 Lapis. 569 Asterius. 572 vel 57|8|7 Europa raptor |vel 694 vel 732.| 599 ferrum in Ida repertum. 611 Minos regnat. 765 Minos leges dat. 947 Codrus interficitur.

Eusebius tells us that Crete had its name from Cres one of the Curetes who nursed up Iupiter. And] Bochart shews [that the Curetes were a colony of the Philistims {illeg} &] that the Philistims were called Crethim by the Hebrews & their country Chreth, & that the Curetes were a colony of of {sic} Bochart the Philistims & had their name from thence. And Eusebius tells us that Crete had its name from Cres one of the Curetes who nursed up Iupiter. Whence we may reccon \its probable/ that when the Edomites fled from David {illeg} & mixed wth the Philistims, & the Philistims by their \assistance &/ skill in sea affairs took Sidon, & Europa was carried wth her brother \some of them went many of Phenicians fled thence to Crete with Europa & her brother/ Atymnus & a colony of Phenicians to Ty Crete, some \to seek new seats its probable I say that many/ of the Philistims were mixed with the|is|m \colony/; & \& that/ thence came the name of the Curetes & of the Island Crete. Some Egyptians might come to Crete in the days of Eli or Samuel; but I meet with no account of them.

This fable of the four ages seems to have been formed by the Curetes in about the times of the Trojan war \the time of the fourth age/. These \Curetes/ according to Bochart were Philistims. He shews that |ye| Philistims were by the Heberws Called Crethim or Cerethim & their country Creth, & thinks that the Curetes & the Island Crete had {illeg} their names from thence. And Eusebius saith that Crete had its name from Cres, one of the Curetes who nursed up Iupiter. [Whatever was their original they came into Crete at the sa wth \Crete & other parts /of\ Europe wth Cadmus &/ Europa & her brother Atymnus \& Atymnus & Cadmus/ & \in the warrs at The/ celebrated the reigns of their\ir/ first four kings \of Crete as (Asterius, Minos, Deucalion, Idomeneus/ {illeg} /by\ the first four ages of their new world, accounting the age in wch they lived to be the iron age as Hesiod called the 5t age to be the iron age because he lived in it] Whatever was their original they came into Asia minor & Europe with the Phenicians \of Sidon/ & particularly into Crete with Europa & her brother Atymnus & celebrated the \& this was about the time of Deucalions flood & they measured measured/ the first four ages of their new world since the flood of Deucalion by the reigns of their first four kings \of Crete,/ Asterius, Minos, Deucalion & Idomeneus, giving the name of the iron age to the age in which they lived, as Hesiod called the fift age the iron age because he lived {in} it. And because they came into Europe about the time of Deucalions flood, they \seem to have/ feigned that the world perished by that flood, & that was restored by Deucalion & Pyrrha throwing stones over their heads wch became \to produce new/ men & weomen & \that/ these were the first four ages of the new world. in the beginning of their golden age. This age therefore began about the 16th or 18th year of David. And about thirty years after when Minos was grown up might beg began the silver age [& upon his death began the silver \brazen/ age wch lasted till the Argonoutic {sic} expedition: for Deucalion \the son of Minos/ was in that expedition.] His son Deucalion was in the Argonautic expedition & his grandson Iomeneus {sic} warred at Troy.] Whatever was their original they came \with the Phenicians/ \from Sidon/ into Crete \{illeg}/ Asia minor & Europe with the \colonies of/ Phenicians of Sidon & particularly into Crete under wth \under/ Europa & her brother Atymnus about the time of Deucalions flood, & measured the first four ages of their new world by the reigns of their first four kings of Crete, Asterius the husband of Europa the Saturn of the Latines; Minos her son the just king |the Iupiter nursed up by the Curetes, who was celebrated for justice & in whose days the Greeks began to plow & sow &| whose sepulchre they shewed as the sepulchre of Iupiter, Deucalion his son who reigned till the Argonautic expedition & Idomeneus his grandson \who/ warred at Troy. So then Deucalions flood was about the 16th year of Deucalion David. [At that time Lycaon died & [his youngest son Oenotrus went soon after into Italy.] & Hellen the son of Deucalion began his reign in Thessaly] At that time the reign of Hellen the son of Deucalion began in Thessaly, & that of Lycaon \ended/ in Arcadia, Canaus then reignned {sic} in Attica & soon after was succeeded by Amphictyon the predecessor of Erechtheus.

– till the birth of his grandson Arcas & some years after.

Herodotus tells us that the Phœnicians who came wth Cadmus – & Idomeneus his grandson warred at Troy. So then the <92v> {flood} of Deucalion was about the 16th year of the reign of King David. At that time the reign of {illeg} Hellen the son of Deucalion began in Thessaly, & that of Lycaon ended in Arcadia. Cranaus then reigned in Attica, & soon after was succeeded by Amphictyon the predecessor of Erechtheus.

I have now carried up the antiquities of Greece as high as to the first walling of cities about –

– the Sun would move from the winter solstice 2deg. 0gr. 9′ & so be in 0gr. 9′ counting the signs from the Equinox.

Hesiod tells us – – – sunset. Its probable that he had this \by tradition/ from Chiron \Musæus/ & their assistants who {illeg} had newly a few years before made \formed/ the Asterisms & setled the Equinoxes & Solstices, & for that end observed the heliacal risings & settings of the stars as the Egyptians had done before. The suns Aphelium was then in Tauru 24gr And in the sixty days above mentioned & almost six hours more from noon to sun-set, the sun would move from the winter solstice 2 sig. 0gr 9′ [& the opposite point of the Ecliptic wch rose at the same time with Arcturus would move as much from the summer solstice. The north latitude of Arcturus is 30\gr/. 57′. And the elevation of the Pole at Mout {sic} Helicon neare Athens where Hesiod lived was 37gr 45′ according to Ptolomy, & at Mount Pelius where Chiron li near mount Parnassus where Chiron lived 39gr.] at mount Pelius where Chiron & the centaurs lived was 39° 20′ & also at mount Ossa & mount Olympus was 39gr 20′ according to Ptolomy. And from these data Ricciolus teaches how to Lib. VI Almagest. cap. XX Prob. VIII Ricciolus teaches how to compute the excess of the Longitude of Arcturus above \that of/ the afforesaid opposite point of the Ecliptic wch rose at the same time with Arcturus. And by the computation I find that this excesse is 11gr 52′.           Which added to 2\sig./ 0gr 9′ gives the Longitude of Arcturus from the summer solstic 2sig {illeg} 12gr. 1] And \And the center of the Sun was elevated by refraction {illeg} 32′./ t|T|he elevation of the Pole at Mout {sic} Helicon where Hesiod lived was 37gr 45′ according to Ptolomy, & in that Latitude an arch of the Ecliptic below the horizon wch answers to the altitude of 32′ is 40′.

When the center of the sun sets visibly it is 33′ below the Horizon being so much elevated by the refraction of the Atmosphere & the part of the Ecliptic between the horizon & the center of the sun is an arch of 60′ 40|1|'12. And when the star rises visibly it is 33′ below the horizon being so much elevated by the refraction of ye the {sic} Atmosphere & the part of the para stars parallel of Latitude be arch between the horizon & the star in the parallel of the stars latitude is about 100′ And these 14112' being added to the longitude of the star found above gives its longitude correct longitude 13. {illeg} 44| Which wants but 16 \1712/ minutes of the longitude of this star at the time of the Argonautic Expedition set down above vizt 13.24.52" [ 13.17.37.] And so small a difference may migh is \was/ scarce \sensible/ in the coarse observations of the ancients & might arise either from \some/ uneavenness in the visible horizon, or from the dazzeling of the eye by the setting sun so as to disable it from seing the rising star till a minute or two after sunset.

The Council at Delph Thermopylæ included 12 nations of the Greeks without Athens & therefore Amphictyon did not reign at Athens. He might endeavour to succeed Oranous {illeg} whose his father in li his wife's father & be prevented by Erechtheus.

[Editorial Note 35] <93v>

Eusebius ✝[118] tells us that Meon the father of Cybele reigned in Libya then Lydia then called Meonia from him. And Diodorus[119] tells us that Meon was the first king of Lydia & Phrygia. And Herodotus \p. 45/ mentions him twice by the name of Manis tells us the eldest king of Lydia ancestor to Atys. And Plutarch de Iside mentions him by the name of Mane|i|s the Phrygian Hero, from whom they called all Heroic actions Manica. And Dionys. Hal. makes Cotys the son of Manes. And Apollodorus places Electra in Phrygia the daughter of Atlas in Phrygia, & makes Teucer of the same age. Cotys married the daughter of Tullus an Autochthane. And the Autochthons got Phrygia not long after into their own hands & made it a distinct kingdom under Dardanus who married Teucers daughter Bat{illeg}|t|eia & founded the Trojan kingdom. Tyrrhenus the son of Atys the son of Cotys the son of Manis led a colony of Lydians out of Lydia into that part of Italy now called Tuscany And therefore this colony was but \not above/ 4 generations after the coming of Meon or Manes into Mœonia. From Lydus the brother of Tyrrhenus & son of|&| |successor of| Atys the the people were called Lydians & the country Lydia.

The war between the \Thessali called/ Centaurs & the Lapithæ about 20 or 25 years before ye Argonautic Epedition {sic}. The hunting of the Calydonian Boar \about/ a year or two after that Expedition. The war of the 7 Captains at Thebes about 8 or 10 years after that expedition. The coming of Oenotrus or Ianus into Italy about the 25t year of David The coming of {illeg} Asterius or Saturn into Italy about the 4th year of Solomon. The coming of Evander & his mother into Italy about the 3{illeg}|0| \or 35/ year of Solomon. The burning of Mount Ida in wch the Idæi found iron about the 24|5| year of David. The rapture of Ganimede {illeg} by Tantalus \& the coming of Pelops into Greece next year/ about the beginning \next year /25 year\/ of Solomons reign. The coming of Pelops into Greece about the middle of Solomons reign. Alba{illeg} built in Lavinium built in Italy about 5 or 10 years after the taking of Troy & Alba about 30 years after Lavinium. The Bœotians being driven from Æna by the Thessali seize Cadmeis & call it Bœotia about 60 years after the taking of Troy Codrus slain about 90 years after the taking of Troy & the Ionic migration about under the sons of Codrus about 5 or 10 years after. The kingdom of Tyre erected by Abibalus the father of Hirom about the 16th year of David. The reign of Hiram began in the 33th year of {illeg} David. Zanche built in Sicily 4     years after the flood of Ogyges &       years before the flood of Deucalion afterwards called Messena by the Messenians & then Mamertina by the Mamertines. Isthmian games instituted by Sisyphus King of Corinth in memory of Phryxus & Helle after their deaths about 2{illeg}|5| years after the death of Solomon. The second Æolic migration under (that under Archelaus \son of Penthilus/) 90 years after the Trojan war. The first {illeg} Æolic migration (that under Penthilus base son of Orestes) from Aulis) 50 or 60 years after the taking of Troy       The 3d remove of the Æoles under Grays the youngest son of Echelatus 6|5| years after the death of Codrus.

The kingdom of Tyre erected by Abibalus the father of Hiram about the 16th year of David. The death of Abibalus & beginning of the reign of Hiram in ye 33th year of David (             ) \The conflagration of mout {sic} Ida & invention of Iron about the 22th year of David/ The coming of Oenotrus or Ianus into Italy about the 25 year of David. The coming of Asterius or Saturn into Italy {illeg} about the 4th year of Solomon. The coming of Evander & his mother Carmenta into Italy about the 35th year of Solomon. The rapture of Ganimede by Tantalus about the 5t year of Solomon. The coming of Pelops into Greece about the 24th year of Solomon The birth of Perseus \& Minos/ about the middle of Davids reign. The birth of Theseus about the 32th year of Solomon. [The end of the silver age & birth of Alcmena Hercules the son Alc {of} Iupiter & Alcmena the last woman wth whom the mortal Iupiter lay in the days of his mortal reign \on earth/ about the 12th year after the death of Solomon.] The end of the golden age \& beginning of the reign of Minos/ & birth of Argus /Apis the father of Argus &\ the son of Iupiter & Niobe the daughter of Inachus {illeg} \she being/ the first woman with whom Iupiter during lay during his reign on earth, \was/ about the 2d |3d| or 3d|4th| year of Solomon & the coming of Asterius into Italy not alon was about the same time. The \death of Minos &/ end of the silver age & birth of Aster Hercules the son of Iupiter & Alcmena \she being/ the last woman with whom Iupiter the mortal Iupiter lay during his reign on earth, was about the 10th year after the death of Solomon. The birth of Æneas the son of Anchises & {illeg} \Callycopis the Venus of the Ancients/ & the marriage of Vulcan & Venus who \Vulcan & the same Venus (or/ Thoas & Callycopis) (or {sic} Vulcan & Venus) about 10 years after the death of Solomon. & adultery of Mars & \{sic} the same/ Venus (or Hercules Ægyptius & Callycopis) \& voyage of Thoas & the same Venus into Cyprus,/ about 10 or 11 years after the death of Solomon. The war between the Thessali called Centaurs & the Lapithæ about 20 or 25 years before the Argonautic expedition. The Isthmian games instituted by Sisyphus about king of Corinth about 20 in memory of Phryxus & Helle about 15 or 20 years before that expedition. The hunting of the Calydonian Boar about a year or two after that expedition. The war of the seven captains at Thebes about 8|9| or 10 years after that Expedition. Phemonoe \made/ the first <93r> Priestess of Iuno Argiva about the 12th year of Solomon. The erecting of ye Amphictyonic Coūcil at          by Amphictyon about the         year of David & at          by Acrisius by at            about the         year of Solomon III 198 (126.

1386

He built Lavinium

Vpon his coming into Italy he built Lavinium & Alba was built 30 years after Lavinium & became the seat of his successors. When Rome was built a[120] is uncertain. By Varro's account it was built The Romans \usually/ recconed that it was built 244 years before the Consuls. If the 396 wch is after the rate of 35 years a piece to the seven kings \of Rome/ one wth another. If the 396 years between the taking of Troy & the Consuls be divided in proportion to the number of \the 22/ kings reigning in that interval the seven last will take up 126 years wch is after the rate of 18 years a piece one wth another & by this recconing the building of Rome will be 126 about 126 years before the Consuls that is An. 3. Olymp. 34|6|. It can scarce \not/ be \much/ earlier because five of the seven kings were slain & the last one \a sixth/ was expelled before his death. About the same time that Rome was built, Battus went into Libya & built Cyrene.

The beginning of the Tyranny of Pisistratus 1

1The return of {illeg} Solon to Athens after a travel of ten years an 4 Olymp 57. 3The \{illeg}/ commencing of the Tyranny of Pisistratus an 1 Olymp 58. 2The death of Solon an. 3 Olymp. 58. 4The death of Pisistratus an 2 Olymp 65. The death of Herm his son Hipparchus an 3 Olymp 68 \& expulsions of the sons of Pisist/ an 1. Olymp. 69

<94r>

Sennacherib, called Sargon by Isaias (Cap. XX.1) in the 14th year of Hezekiah, invaded Phœnicia & took several cities of Iudah & attempted Egypt; & Sethon \or Sevechus/ & Tirhakah kings of Egypt Egypt & Ethiopia coming against him, he lost in one night 185000 men, as some say by a plague or perhaps by \lightning or/ a fiery wind which blows sometimes in {those} the neighbouring deserts, or as others by being disarmed by mise, or perhaps surprized by Sethon & Tirhakah; & returning in hast to Nineveh was there slain soon after by two of his sons who fled into Armenia, & his son Asserhadon succeeded him. At that time did Merodach Baladan or Mardocempad King of Babylon, send an Embassy to Hezekiah king of Iudah.

Asserhadon corruptly called Sarchedon by Tobit (ch. I.21) & Assardin by the Seventy \reigned at Nineveh in the year of Nabonassar 34 & at Babylon in ye year of Nabonassar 68, & then/ peopled Samaria with captives brought from several parts of Assyria, the Dinaites, the Apharsathchites, the Tarpelites, the Apharsites, the Archevites, the Babylonians, the Susanchites, the Dehavites, the Elamites (Ezra IV.2, 9) & therefore reigned over all these nations. Pekah & Rezin kings of Samaria & Damascus invaded Iudea in the first or second year of Ahaz, & within 65 years after, that is in the 21th or 22th of Manasseh, Samaria ceased to be a people, vizt (Isa. VII.8) vizt by carrying the remainder of Israel Samaria into captivity & placing these nations in their room. Then he invaded Iudea, took Azot, carried Manasses captive to Babylon, & captivated also Egypt Thebais & Ethiopia above Thebais, & by this war he seems to have put an end to the reign of the Ethiopians over Egypt, anno Nabonass. {illeg} 77 or 78.

In the reigns of Sennacherib & Asserhadon the Assyrian Empire seems arrived at its greatness, being united under one Monarch & conteining the Assyria, Media, Apolloniatis, Susiana, Chaldæa, Mesopotamia, Cilicia, Syria, Phœnicia, Egypt, Ethiopia & part of Arabia, & reaching eastward into Elymais & Parætacene. For Strabo reccons these two among the Provinces to which the Monarchy had given the name of Assyria, & Herodotus makes Parætacene a Province of the Medes. And if Chalach & Habor where Salmanasser placed part of the ten Tribes be Colchos & Iberia (as some think \& as is probable from the circumcision {illeg} \used in/ these nations in the days of Herodotus/) we are also to add these two Provinces with the two Armenias Pontus & Cappadocia, as far as the river Halys. For Herodotus tells us that the people of Cappadocia as far as to that river were called Syrians by the Greeks both before & after the days of Cyrus.

Yet the Medes revolted from the Assyrians in the latter end of the reign of the reign of Sennacherib, I think upon the slaughter of his army neare Egypt & his flight towards Nineveh. ffor at that time the estate of Sennacherib was troubled so that Tobit could not go into Media as he had done before (Tobit I 15) And sometime after Tobit advised his Son to go into Media where he \might/ expected peace while Nineveh, according to the prophesy of Ionah, should be destroyed. Ctesias wrote that Arbaces a Mede being admitted to see Sardanapalus in his palace, & observing his voluptuous life amongst weomen, revolted with the Medes & in conjunction with Belesis a Babylonian overcame him & caused him to set fire to his Palace & burn himself: But he is contradicted by other Authors of better credit. For Athenæus tells us that Duris a[121] & many others wrote that Arbaces <95r> upon being admitted into the Palace of Sardanapalus & seing his effeminate life slew himself, or perhaps was slain. And Cleitarchus[122] that Sardanapalus died of old age after he had lost his dominion over Syria, \suppose by the revolt of the western nations./ And Herodotus that the Medes revolted \first/ & defended their liberty by force of arms against the Assyrians without conquering them, & at their first revolting had no king but after some time set up Dejoces over them & built Ecbatane for his residence & that Dejoces reigned only over Media & had a peaceable reign, but his son & successor Phraortes made war upon his neighbours & invaded the Assyrians but was slain by them in that war, & that the Syrians also & other western nations at length revolted from the Assyrians being encouraged thereunto by the example of the Medes, who according to Herodotus were the first of the conquered nations that revolted.

Now Asserhadon seems to be the Sardanapalus who died of old age after the revolt of Syria, the name Sardanapalus being derived from Asser-hadon-pul, & his fathers Sennacherib being corruptly called Anacyndaraxis & Cynaraxis & Anabaxaris He |Anacyndaraxis, Cyndaraxis or Anabaxaris being corruptly written for Sennacherib. He |Sardanap.|| \Sardanapalus/ built Tarsus & Anchiale in one day & therefore reigned over Cilicia before the revolt of the western nations. And if he be Asserhadon he was succeeded at {illeg} by Saosduchinus in the year of Nabonassar 81. And by this revolution Manasses was set at liberty to return home & fortify Ierusalem. And the Egyptians also after the Assyrians had \conqu/ reigned three years over them (Isa. XX.3, 4) were set at liberty & created twelve contempory {sic} kings over themselves as above. |The Scythians of Touron or Turquestan beyond the river Oxus began in those days to infest Persia, & by one of their inrodes might give occasion to the revolt of the western nations.|

In the year of Nabonassar 101 he \Saosduchinus/ was succeeded at Babylon by Chyniladan & I think at Nineveh by that Nebuchadonosor who is mentioned in the book of Iudith. For the history of that king suits |best| with these times. For there it is said that Nebuchadonosor king of the Assyrians who reigned at Nineveh that great city, in the twelft year of his reign, made war upon Arphaxad king of the Medes & was then left alone by a defection of the auxiliary nations of Cilicia, Damascus, Syria, Phœnicia, Moab Ammon & Egypt, & without their help routed the army of the Medes & slew Arphaxad. And Arphaxad is there said to have built Ecbatane & therefore was either Dejoces or his son Phraortes who might finish the city founded by his father. And Herodotus tells tells the same story of a king of Assyria who routed the Medes & slew their king Phraortes, & saith that in the time of this war the Assyrians were left alone by the defection of the auxiliary nations being otherwise in good condition. Arphaxad was therefore the Phraortes of Herodotus, & by consequence was slain neare the beginning of the reign of Iosiah – For this \war/ was {illeg}|m|ade after the beginning of the reign of Iosiah Phœnicia, Moab, Ammon & Egypt had been conquered & revolted (Iudeth I.7, 8, 9.) & by consequence after the reign of Asserhadon who conquered them. It was made when the Iews were newly returned from captivity, & the vessels & altar & temple were sanctified after the profanation (Iudeth IV.3,) that is, soon after Manasseh their king, had been carried captive to Babylon by Asserhadon, & upon –

<96r>

The When Sabacon had reigned some time in Egypt (Herodotus says 50 years, Eusebius only 12) he quitted the government of Egypt, being terrified, saith Herodotus, by an Oracle & Sethon Priest of Vulcan, saith Herodotus, succeeded him there & in his reign Sennacherib besieged Pelusiū \called Libnah in scripture/ & there lost his army. Herodotus saith that in the time of this siege a great multitude multitude {sic} of feild mise eat the Quivers & Bow-strings & straps of the armour shields of his soldiers & then next day the Egyptians routed them wth great slaughter in memory of wch the Egyptians made the statue of Sethon wch {sic} a mouse in his hand & this inst|c|ription Let him be pious who looks upon me. This was in the 14th year of Hezekiah |&| therefore {illeg} the king of Egypt on whom Hezekiah trusted (          ) was Sethon, & Senacherib wa made war upon them both as confederates against him & besieged Libnah \that is Pelusium/ at the same time that he sent Rashakeh against Hezekiah, & Tirhakah the successor of Sabacon in the kingdom of Ethiopia came down with an army of Ethiopians to assist the Egyptians \to assist {illeg} Sethon/ & in conjunction wth ye Egyptians slew 185000 Assyrians & put the king of Assyria to flight. This victory being in ye 33th year of Nabonassar makes it probable that Sabacon invaded Egypt just {illeg} about ye beginning of the reign of Nabonassar & that some Egyptians flying \then/ from him \Sabacon/ carried the Egyptian year to Babylon & founded that Æra. of that king. ffor the years of Nabonassar are Ægyptian.

In the seventh year of Hezekiah \Hoshea/ & 4th |year| of Hezekiah, Salmanassar beseiged Samaria becau{se} h|H|oshea had conspired with Sua king of Egypt & sent paid no tribute the year before as he used to do year by year, & therefore Sua was king of Egypt in the 3d year of Hezekiah. Sabacon, Sabachus, Sabah, Suah are the same. Africanus places Sevechus \or Sebchus/ between Sabacus & Tirhakah, but so after Sabacus but these are also the same.

Tirhakah after this victory over the Assyrians became a considerable conqueror. Strabo calling him Tearco, saith that he went into Europe & as far as the straits mouth.

After these kings reigned Stephinates Niecepsos & Nechus the Herodotus saith that Nechus was slain by Sabacon, but Nechus the father of Psammiticus could not be so ancient. He was rather slain the Assyrians wars of |father of Psammiticus. Herodotus saith that Sabacon slew Nechus & put \his son/ Psammiticus to flight. But this was done rather by the Assyrians the| the {sic} invasion of Egypt by Sabacon being long before the days of Psammiticus. Nicepsos with one Petosiris is reputed the inventor of Iudicial Astrology & the first that wrote the art of predicting by the starrs. \And from Ægypt the study of Astrology went into Chaldæa./ Iulius Firmicus calls him Ægypti potentissimum Imperatorem.

At this time Ægypt was divided into \two or/ more kingdomes. then one One kingdom was at Memphys another at Tanis or Zoan & perhaps a third at Sais. Two are men the two first are mentioned by Isaias I will set, saith he, the Egyptians – – – – – shall serve the Assyrians.

In the days of these kingdoms Asserhadon king of Assyria invaded Iudea & carried Manasses captive to Babylon 2 Chron. 33.11 & Isa 19.24, 25. This conquest was therefore after Asserhadon became king of Babylon, that is, after the year of Nabonassar 67. The Iews say that Manasseh was captivated in ye 22th year of his reign, that is <96v> in the year of Nabonassar 71. Then the kin Asserhadon sent Tartan against Ashdod or {illeg} Azot a town of Palestine neare Egypt & he took it & afterwards the Assyrians invaded Egypt conquered & captivated Egypt & Ethiopia, Isa 20. And \But/ the dominion of the Assyrians over Egypt lasted only two or three years. Diodorus calls it an anarchy of two years. Isaias represents it by his going naked & barefoot three years. The Lord said – – – – – – almost ever since in servitude

In the 12t year of Darius Nothus – – – – – At that time Artaxerxes Ochus carried away all the records – – – – – years in that interval.

<97r>

The first great kingdom in ye world seems to have been that of Egypt. {illeg} For Pliny – – – – Nineveh & Ecbatane.

Ægypt is a long & narrow tract of land – – – Lord of both Thebais & Egypt. But how this union This was ye original of that monarchy out of four smaller kingdoms, but how those arose out of smaller is harder to relate by reason of the great antiquity of \Irtophanus/ the kingdoms. Yet some footsteps there are of their first origines yt \constitution &/ /original.\

|For| In {sic} the seven years of plenty – – – at Δήμοι of Greece. {illeg}

Now these cities were at first free & absolute & independent

The manner how the first villages & to cities of Egypt grew into kingdoms will be best understood by the constitution of Athens the kingdom of Athens. ffor the Athenians were a colony of Egypt – – – – – – – – – & by consequence that the Egyptian villages & & Cities in time of war convened in common councils to consult of their commō safety & solemnized those councils with great sacrifices & festivals for {illeg} assembling the people & by means of those Councils grew into kingdoms ye captains of their armies becoming their kings much after the manner of the Cities of Attica in ye reigns of Cecrops \Amphictyon/ & Theseus.

The occasion of the Egyptians growing from free cities into kingdoms so early seems to be ye incursions of ye Sheepherds or Arabians – – – – – – before ye days of Iacob. For to these enemies the new king of Egypt seems to have had respect who rose after ye death of Ioseph & his brethren seems to have had respect when he said Behold &c – – – – for a long time together.

Artaphanus tells us that Palmonothes king of Egypt was ye first that built a Temple in the lower Egypt & that he built one at Heliopolis the Metropolis of that kingdom. Also that his daughter Merrhis was married to one Chenephres king of a region above Memphis. For then, saith he, Egypt had many kings. He adds that this daughter was shee yt educated Moses & that Moses found out ye arts & philosophy of ye Egyptians & divided ye kingdom into 36 Nomi or counties \governments/ & assigned to each their rites of worshipping the deity & ye sacred letters. Which he did to that end that he might render ye Monarchy firm to Chenephres: because before yt time the multitude not being reduced into distinct order did sometimes eject & sometimes create kings & often ye same but sometimes others By all wch he got ye love of ye people & was honoured by the Priests wth ye name of Hermes or Mercury. Here Artaphanus being a Christian ascribes some things to Moses wch do not well agree to him, but yet he lets us understand that ye kingdoms of Egypt were at first like those of Greece, many in number & free fom Tyranny, the people placing & displacing their kings that is the captains of their armies till the government was {illeg} new modelled & reduced into ye 36 Nomi & that this regulation was as old as the first Temple in ye lower Egypt & by consequence \Whence I gather that it was/ older then ye Pyramids whose \very/ accurate & magnificent structures shew that {illeg} architecture was then grown to a good degree of perfection, When & that ye first Egyptians worshipped only on Altars wthout Temples like ye Patriarchs & the Persians in their Prytanea, untill their cities began to assemble in common councils & \at their common charges/ for ye use of those councils at ye \common/ expence of ye cities <97v> erected Temples. {illeg} where ye Coucills {sic} met as ye Greeks \{illeg}/ did afterwards in their principal cities their exawards in following imitation of ye Egyptians, & ye Latines in imitation of ye Greeks. He lets us understand also that the Egyptians attributed this regulation of their government to {one} him whom they accounted the author of their arts & sacred rites & letters & whom their Priests honoured by the name of Mercury or Hermes, that is {illeg} the Egyptian Thoth who reigned in Egypt soon after Isis And in that is to Thoth whom some would have to be Moses or Ioseph, but who was really an Egyptian & reigned in Egypt soon after ye days of \Osiris &/ Isis. {illeg} And indeed it is not at all improbable that Thoth who had seen Egypt divided & subd afflicted & almost oppressed by two great & very dangerous wars & the & by whose council they were saved from the ruin in them both, should consult how to strengthen his Egyptians against their enemies for ye future. He \who/ by \his/ policy had armed their \last/ enemies with iron weapons & sent them against ye eastern people to divert them from Egypt, would scarce fail \afterwards/ to arm his own Egyptians & take care that they should be trained up in ye use of their arms, for wch end it would be requisite that they should meet together at times appointed. While he saw Egypt dividing|ed| & subdividing amongst ye families of ye Sons of Misraim & every family daily dividing & subdividing into several cities it was obvious for so great a politician to consider how to unite & strengthen them by common councils. He that was ye author of by all antiquity reputed the author of merchandise was probably was most probably ye author of conventions for merchandising ffor what else means his being reputed ye God of publick ways but that he was the first who contrived the \free/ communication between |ye| cities of Egypt for uniting them in a good corespondence with one another, & assembling \them/ upon set occasions. He yt \And/ To {sic} whom can we better ascribe ye {illeg} sacred rites \& solemnities/ of the several provinces of or Nomi \Nomi/ of Egypt \in their solemn feasts/ then to him who contrived the figures \& solemnities/ of their Gods & \in particular/ instituted the sacred rites \& ffestivals/ of Osiris & Isis wch were observed by all ye Egyptians? ffor he was their great legislator both in things civil & sacred, & no man ever had a greater authority among them. Isis is indeed recconed their first Legislator \Law-maker/, but shee reigned \governed them/ by his counsil, & ye Egyptians were so retentive of his institutions yt it was difficult for \{any}/ following kings to alter them. [Every Nomus had its proper God [& every God his It seems to me therefore that proper worship & therefore every the \division of Egypt into/ Nomi were|as| as ancient as the worship of those Gods] & worshipped]

<98v> [Editorial Note 36]

And whilst in the first ages they placed & displaced their kings at pleasure \wch could not well be done wthout {illeg} assembling together/, it is to be conceived that they were originally free & absolute \cities/ & yt lost their liberty by degrees upon ye rise of wars whether among one another or against \the shepherds/ their common enemy the shepherds |{illeg}| convened in common Councils to raise armies & appoint \place or displace/ captains over them as they saw occasion, untill their Captains by means of their armies grew too potent & other artifices grew potent over the people after ye manner of the ancient kings of Greece & this was before ye days of Ioseph. ffor in his days ye K. of E. was \then grown/ so potent as to tell \say to/ Ioseph. According to thy word shall all my people be ruled – I am Pharaoh & without thee shall no man lift up his hand or foot in all ye land of Egypt. And Io \Gen 41. And/ after this Ioseph \reduced them to a further degree of subjection for he/ bought all the|ir| lands & persons of ye Egyptians for Pharaoh & revoved {sic} the people \to cities/ from one end of Egypt to the borders of Egypt to the other end thereof. Gen. 47.21. That is he new modelled the government for Pharaoh establishing ye dominion of Ph. & for yt end appointed ye Nomi wth their head cities & as they continued in after ages \either formed or new rather new/ regulated the distinction \division/ of ye Land into ye Nomi subordinate governments of \the Provinces called/ ye Nomi & removed many of the inferior people from the inferior cities to the head City of every Nomus, or fo one city to another for \breaking their interests/ peopling ye head cities of ye Nomi & bring ye \whole/ land into {illeg} a more regular subjection then before.

– & reduced into Nomi, & that ye Egyptians attributed the|is| \first/ regulation of their government to him whom they accounted ye author of their letters & \arts &/ sacred rites & letters \& arts/ & whom ye Priests honoured by the name of Mercury, & that this regulation was as ancient as ye first Temples in the lower Egypt, & by consequence |began wth the building of Temples in the hea the first Temples in the head cities of the Nomi. From whence I seem to gather these two things. ffirst, that this regulation| {was} ancienter then ye Pyramids; whose \{illeg} whose very/ accurate & magnificent structures {illeg} \argue/ |yt| architecture was grown to a great in Egypt to {illeg} a great degree of perfection before they were built. Certainly this regulation was ancienter then And secondly that the first Egyptians \originally/ worshipped in open Prytanæa a on altars only wthout Temples such as were the Prytanea of ye Persians & ye first built \their first/ Temples at ye common charge & for ye common worship of ye {illeg} several cities when & where they first began to convene in common Councils, as was al the Greeks \& Latines also/ did. afterwards

Plutarch tells us that One of ye Kings of Egypt for establishing his dominion divided ye land into dive various religions according to to {sic} ye number of ye Nomi, {illeg} |so| T|t|hat by their differences of religion they might be hindred from conspiring against their kings. But whilst I meet not wth any instances of a king setting up more religions yn one in his {illeg} kingdom, I it seems more probable that ye variety \diversity/ of religions in Egypt arose from the diversity of kingdoms there in ye first ages, ffor in Syria as it did in all other places. ffor in Syria & ye neighbouring regions every \several/ kingdoms had their several Gods & every kingdō trusted in his own God against in opposition to ye Gods of ye neighbouring nations & after these Gods \kingdoms/ as we shewed above.

<99r>

nothing of Carpentes before Sol the trade of Carpenters {illeg} before Solomon wrote \sent/ to Hiram to supply him with such artificers, saying that there were none in Israel who could skill to hew timber like unto the Zidonians: nothing of Astronomy before the Egyptians under Ammon & Sesac applyed themselves to observe the heliacal risings & {sic} settings of the stars & reduce the year to a certain length for the sake of Navigation Agriculture was first in unless Iob unless the Constellations mentioned by Iob [who lived in the land of Vz the son of Dishon the son of Seir from whom mout {sic} Seir had its name. & whose daughter Timna was the concubine of Esau to Eliphaz the son of Esau. And one of Esau's wives was Aholibamah the daughter of Anah the son of Zibeon the Hivite the son of Seir:] be \were/ a little older. For he lived \among the Edomites/ in the land of Vz the son of Dishon the son of Seir from whom mount Seir had its name & who was contemporary to Isaac the Patriarch & \one generation older then Abraham/ from whom mout {sic} Seir had its name. [\For/ Esau w \[For Esaw/ married Aholibamah the daughter of Anah the son \daughter/ of Zibeon the son of Dishon the son of Seir, & mixed with the \old former/ inhabitants of mount Seir] And the red sea had its name not from its colour but from Edom & Erythra the names of Esau. And some tell us that king Erythra was buried (that is Esau Edom & Esau) was buried in an Island of that sea \neare the Persian gulph/. Whence it follows that the Edomites navigated that sea from the days of Esau \& from them Iob might have his Asterisms & the Egyptians some of theirs./ Agriculture seems to have begun in Egypt: but \&/ scarce got [into Diodrus Ly|i|bya \& Europe/ before the days of Ammon. \And it is not probable that the oldest Council could be older./ ffor he taught the Libyans to lay up the fruits of the earth as above \& in his days Ceres brought it into Europe/. And Isaac sowed corn in Gerar next Egypt, & most probably leart {sic} the practise from the Egyptians. And we meet with no earlier instances of that kind in Canaan.] into Phœnicia before the days of Isaac who sowed corn in Gerar in the borders of Egypt nor into Libya or Europe before the days of Ammon who \For he/ taught the Libyans to lay up the fruits of the earth & in tho|i|se days the Ceres brought Agriculture into Greece.] And when all these things spread themselves beyond the bounds of Arabia petrea & Egypt \& came into Egypt Libya Asia minor & Europe/, then were they carried also into Chaldea & Persia. Agriculture began \is first heard of/ in Egypt.

Diodorus tells us – & here by Busiris they mean Osiris. So then Osiris \that is Sesac)/ carried Astronomy into Chaldea. And in those days architeture {sic} was also carried thither & beyond For Amenophis in the next age built the Memnonia at Susa. The first instance|s| of good Architecture was|ere| the Temple|s| of & Palaces of Solomon & Hiram & the next were those of the Temples built in all Egypt by Sesostris & the next were those o the Temple of Ceres at Eleusis. And the next were the Memnonia at Susa & the Temples of Venus the Gods & Godesses in Cyprus & V Cœlosyria at Damascus. In Persia they erected no temple to the dead till above four hundred years after those days.

His

Agriculture was \is was/ not heard of \\{illeg}/ mentioned/ in Phœnicia till Isaac sowed corn in Gerar in the borders of Egypt, nor in Libya till Ammon taught the Libyans to lay up the fuits {sic} of the earth: at which time Ceres brought \it/ also into Greece, & Sesostris \& {Meroe}/ at the same time might carry it into Chaldea, & Memnon into Persia Susiana. For he | Bacchus is painted with bulls horns because he taught to plow with oxen.

Letters are by some ascribed to Thoth the secretary of Osiris & Isis & therefore came into \began to be used in/ Egypt in his|their| days.

So then as Sesostris left colonies of Egyptians at \Colchos &/ mount Caucasus & Colchos & the river Them\odon/ so he carried Colonies

Sesostris therefore carried colonies into Chaldæa & there set on foot foot the Astronomy of Egypt & \the/ sciences of Egypt. And his successor Memnon buil built the Memnonia in Susa He might begin to do this in the days of Solomon in coasting Arabia felix & Persia wth his fathers fleet & so be the principal Oannes. [And his successor Memnon carried architecture into Persia, bulding {sic} the Memnonia at Susa] Solomon built the Temple in Iudea \Ierusalem/, the first instance of good Architectures. Sesostris built the Temples of Egypt, Hir&am those of Tyre & Cynyras & Benhadad those of Phenicia the oldest \Temples standing to this day/ wch Lucian had seen. And a|A|t the same time Temples began to be built in Europe{illeg}. Then Memnon built the Memnonia at Susa. And this was the And at length the Temple of Iupiter Belus was built at Babylon in the founder of the {illeg} Empire was built at Babylon \assisted by a new Colony (called Pul in scripture) of Egyptians who fled into Chaldea from Sal/ together with the old Palace, I think by Nabonassar or his predecessor Semiramis |upon the flight of the Egyptians into Chaldea from Sabacon the Ethiopian & set on foot Astrology & the Æra of Nabonassar|. Agriculture flourished And these are the Originals of good Architecture. Agriculture flourished first in Egypt \before the days of Abraham./ Then Isaac sowed corn in Gerar in the borders of Egypt. Afterwards Ammon taught the Libyans to \live in towns &/ lay up the fruits of the earth & at the same time Ceres brought agriculture into Greece. And then Osiris taught the nations to plow with Oxen. And these are the originals of {illeg} good Architecture & Agriculture.

– before Sesostris the founder of their Empire. Ægypt was at first divided into many small kingdoms like all other nations. And these kingdoms by degrees gres into \one/ Monarchy a little before the days of Ammon. The head cities of some of these kingdoms were Pathors & Coptos & Siena, \& Thebes/ & This & Mesir or Misraim & Thebes And after the particular histories of these kingdoms were lost, its probable that the Priests of Egypt <99v> {collected} the names of as many of their kings as they could meet meet {sic} with & inserted them into the list of their monarchs who reigned after Menes \before Sesostris/ And where one & the same man has had several \names/ whether genuine or corrupted, they \have/ made \them/ the names of several kings, & sometimes recconed famous men among their kings who reigned \not/, & thereby made a list of above 32|3|0 kings of Egypt who reigned after the Gods & before the invasion of Egypt by Asserhadon king of Assyria, that is within the space of 280 years \eleven thousand years before Sesostris/ And whereas Osiris was the name by wch they worshipped Sesostris as as {sic} a God, they have split these two names into two kings & between them inserted the 330 \– before Sesostris the founder of their Empire/ the two names Osiris & Sesostris into two kings, & between them inserted the 330 kings who reigned 11000 years. What kings reigned \before/ Misphagmuthosis, Amosis \&/ Ammon, & \the fathers of immediate Predecessors of Sesostris/ Sesostris {sic}, reduced Egyp all Egypt into one monarchy we do not undertake to describe. We meet with nothing memorable wch any of them them {sic} did & therefore we may with Herodotus omit them & consider only those whose actions are recorded & who reigned after \the Gods. Ammon/ Osiris & Isis \&/ Hercules Orus Hercules Anubis & Vulcan, & their next \oldest/ successor Menes. For those reduced into good \due/ order & {illeg} will give us all or almost all the kings of Egypt from the days of the first expulsion of the shepherds & erecting of the monarchy of Egypt \& reign of the Gods/ downwards to the conquest of Egypt by Lambyses. Sesostris reigned in the age of the Gods, being deified by the name of Osiris \Hercules/ & Bacchus as above. And therefore Menes Nitocris & Mœris are to be placed after him – – – Amasis Psammiticus.

<100r>

For Asserhadon king of Assyria in the 67th \or 68th/ year of Nabonasser (after he had reigned about 30 years over Assyria) became king acquired \invaded/ the kingdom of Babylon & carried many of the people from \the invaded countries of/ Babylon & Cutha & Ava & Hamath & Sepharvaim into Captivity placing them b in the Samaria & regions of Samaria & Damascus, & carrying from thence into captivity \Assyria & Chaldea Babylonia & Assyria/ the remainder of the people of Israel & Syria which had been left there by Til|g|lathpl|i|leser. This \captivity/ was about 65 years after the first year of Ahaz (Isaiah 7.1, 8 & 2 King. 15.37 & 16.5) & by consequence in ye 20th year of Manasses Anno Nabonass {illeg} \68 or/ 68|9|. \/ < insertion from lower down f 100r > ‡ And then Tartan was sent \{illeg} \by Sargon or Asserhadon// with an army against Ashdod or Azoth \(a town at that time subject to Iudea \2 Chron. 26.6/)/ & took it (Isa. 20.1) & soon after \this Post being secured/ the Assyrians beat the Iews & captivated Manesses & subdued Iudea & {illeg} in these wars Isaiah was sawn assunder by the command of Manasses for prophesying against him. And \Then/ the Assyrians invaded Egypt & subdued Egypt & Ethiopia & carried the Egyptians & Ethiopians into captivity & thereby put an end to the reign of the Ethiopians over Egypt & to the glory of T (Isa. 7.18 & 8.7 & 10.11, 12 & 19.23 & 20.4.) In this war \the city/ The No-Ammon or Thebes wch had hitherto continued in a flourishing condition was miserably wasted & led into captivity (Isa 19.22 & 20.3, 4 as is described by the pro Nahum (chap. 3.8, 9, 10.) For Nahum wrote after the last invasion of Iudea by the Assyrians (chap. 1.15) & therefore describes this captivity as fresh in memory. Asserhadon reigned And this \{&} other following captivities under Nebuchadnezzar & Cambyses/ put an end to the glory of that city. Asse\r/hadon reigned over the Egyptians & Ethiopians three years < text from higher up f 100r resumes > And soon after he invaded Iudea sent an army against Iudea wch beat Manasseh & carried \sent/ him captive to Babylon, & subdued Iudea & then in {sic} invaded & subdued Egypt \& Ethiopia/ & carried the Egyptians & Ethiopians into captivity as |& thereby put an end to the glory of Thebes & to ye reign of the Ethiopians over Egypt| (Isaiah 7.18 & 8.7 & 10.11, 12. & 19.23 & 20.4. The miserable captivity of {illeg} the city No-ammon or Thebes is described by the Prophet Nahum chap. 3.8, 9, 10. For Nahum wrote after the last invasion of Iudea by the Assyrians (chap. 1.15 & therefore describes this captivity as fresh in memory. Asserhadon reigned over the Egyptians & Ethiopians three years (Isa. 20.3, 4) that is, untill his death, wch was in the year of Nabonassar 81 [& therefore captiva conquered Egypt in the year of Nabonassar 77 or \or/ 78. But upon the death of Nabonassar Asserhadon] \& then/ Ægypt became subject to {illeg} twelve contemporary Princes Kings {illeg} who shared the kingdom among themselves & reigned together fifteen years \including the reign of Asserhadon whom the Egyptians reccon not among their kings/ & then were conquered by Psammiticus. He built the last Portico of the Temple of Vulcan founded by Menes about 260 years before, & reigned 54 years including the 15 years of the twelve kings: for he was one of them. Then reigned his son Nechaoh or Nechus 17 years; Psammis 6 years; Vaphres or Hophra 25 years, Amasis 44 years, & Psammiticus six months. – – – – – – – as was predicted by the Prophets.

<100v> <101r> <101v>

At that time {illeg} No-Ammon or Thebes was led into captivity by the Assyrians. Nahum 1.15 & 3.8, 9, 10.

& that Sennacherib sent Tartan \was sent by Sennacherib/ against Ashdod or Azoth who took it a town in the way to Egypt \& took it (Isa. 20.1)/ & that Tartan took Ashdod \(Isa. 20.1)/ & Tirhakah king of Ethiopia came to the Assistance of Egypt out to fight against Sennacherib (2 King. 18.21 & 19.9) wch makes it probable that when Sennacherib – by the Assyrians.

For Asserhadon king of Assyria in the 27th year of his reign \(an. Nabonass 667)/ became king of Babylon & \soon after/ being encouraged with this success, captivated the remainder of the people of Israel & Damascus \(Isa. 8.47)/ & brought thither people from Babylon & Cutha \& Ava/ & Hamath & Sephavaim. & after This was {illeg} about 75 years after the first year of Ahaz (2 King. XV.37 & XVI.5 & Isaiah 7.1, 8) & by consequence in the 3|2|0th year of Manasses (An. Nabonass. 7|6|8 or 7|6|9) And soon after he invaded firs \first/ Iudea & took Manasses prisoner & then Egypt \& Ethiopia/ & captivated Thebes, & thereby put an end to the glory of that city & to the reign of the Ethiopians over that city & this \Egypt Isa 7.18 & 19.23./ The miserable captivity of this city is described by the the Propet {sic} Nahum chap. 3.8, 9, 10. For Nahum wrote after the last invasion of Iudea by the Assyrians chap. 1.15. This captivity of Egypt \& Ethiopia/ was in the year of Nabonassar |77 or| 6|7|8. For Asserhadon reigned over the Egyptians \& Ethiopians/ three years (Isa. 20.3, 4.) that is untill his death, wch was in the year of Nabonasser 81. And But the Egyptians do not reccon him {illeg} among their kings, but call the two last years of the three an Interregnum. After his death Egypt became subject to twelve & then Egypt became subject to twelve

a+ bx+ cxx+ dx3= y3= +e + fx+ gxx  in y +h +ix  in  yy k +lx +mxx +nx3. +p +qx +rxx  in y Whence +s +tx  in  yy A +Bx +Cxx +Dx3 = H+Ix yy =a+ This & the first +E +Fx +Gxx y H + Ix = yy = a +bx +cxx +dx3 +e +fx +gxx +y y h ix Which by reduction becomes of this form K+ Lx+ Mxx+ Nx3+ Px4 =Vyy+ Wyyy+ xxyy +Q+ Rx+ Sxx+ Tx3 y Q+ Fx+ Gxx 0000 } = yy = A+ Bx+ Cxx+ Dx3 +E+ Fx+ Gxx y H+Ix . And by reduction α + βx+ γxx+ δx3+ εx4+ ζx5 θ+ ηx+ λx2+ μx3+ υx4 =y. ζ–––––––+ πx5 ρ–––––––+ σx4 =y As ① & ② give ③ & ③ & ① give ④ & ④ & ③ give ⑤ so ③ & ② give ⑥, & ⑥ & ③ give ⑦

a k+ blx+ cmxx+ dnx3 +epy+ fqxy+ grxxy s h+ tix = yy = A+ Bx+ Cxx+ Dx3 +Ey+ Fxy+ Gxxy H+ Ix a+ bx+ cxx+ dx3 +ey+ fxy+ gxxy + = y h ix × A+ Bx+ Cxx+ Dx3 +Ey+ Fxy+ Gxxy H+ Ix aH +dHx +cHxx +dHx3 +dgx4 +ag +bg +cg +Di +Ah +Bh +Ch +Dh +Ai +Bi +Ci eHy +fHxy +ghxxy +gIx3y Ay By Cxxy Dx3y

a k+ blx+ cmxx+ dnx3 +epy+ fqxy+ grxxy s h+ tix = yy = A+ Bx+ Cxx+ Dx3 +Ey+ Fxy+ Gxxy H+ Ix a+ bx+ cxx+ dx3 +ey+ fxy+ gxxy + = y h ix × A+ Bx+ Cxx+ Dx3 +Ey+ Fxy+ Gxxy H+ Ix aH +dHx +cHxx +dHx3 +dgx4 +ag +bg +cg +Di +Ah +Bh +Ch +Dh +Ai +Bi +Ci eHy +fHxy +ghxxy +gIx3y Ay By Cxxy Dx3y +eH +fH +gH +fH +eg +fg +Re +RFxy RGx2y +iG +ie +iF = Eyy+ Fxyy+ Gxxyy= EA+ EBx ECx2+ + EDx3+ EEy+ +2 EFxy +2 EGxxy+ FAx 0 + FBxx+ FCx3+ FDx4+ FWxy 0 + FFxxy +2 FGx3y+ GAxx+ GBx3. + GCx4+ GDx5+ + GExxy + GFx3y + GGx4y 00000000000 H+Ix 00000000000 00000000000 00000000000 aHH EA+ AHh ––––– + dfgx5 + Digx5 eHH+ AH EhH+ EE ––––– gggx4 + Dg Gigx4+ GGx4 = y. 0 ass 2ash+ ahh ksh+ ash ahh + khh ae+ ap+ ke + kp.

<102r>
1722
Iune6, 8add 6 8 or 10′ to Aphel Apog.
Iune19add 5′ to Apog
Iul|19,| 21add 8|6| or 8′.
Aug.14.aufer 8 or 10′ 5′.
Aug26add aufer 6′.
Sep.11…aufer 8′
Octob8add 5′
Octob20aufer \add/ 12′
Novem5add 8′
18add 10′
Dec.2add
Dec.16add
31add

I have now carried up the Chronology of the Greeks as high as to the first manufactur{e} of copper & iron in Europe & the first beginning of the trades of Smiths, Cartenters {sic}, Turners, Potters Brick-makers, Potters & carvers \in Greece,/ the first walling of cities about & \the first/ building of Temples therein, the first use \original/ of Oracles, the erecting of the Amphictyonic Councils, the first plowing & sowing, the beginning of navigation \by the starrs/ in long ships with sails|,| by the starrs the first use of letters, the four first ages of the Gods of Greece called the golden, silver, copper & iron {a}ges & the flood of Deucalion wch immediately preceded them. The flood of Ogyges might be two or three ages earlier \then that of Deucalion/ & not much above. ffor \among such wandering people as were then in Europe/ there could be no memory of things done \{in} Europe among them/ above three or four ages before the first use of letters. {T}he times of \Io, {Inach} Phoroneus/ Cadmus, Europa, Asterius, Minos, Dedalus, Ægeus &c are setleld {sic}

these these

[Editorial Note 37]

p. 34.

I have now carried up the chronology of the Greeks as high as to the flood of Deucalion & the four \firs {sic}/ ages of the Gods of Greece wch immediately followed it; the first use of letters in Asia minor & Greece \& the first plowing & sowing in Europe/, the first manufacturing of copper & iron in Europe & the inventing \beginning/ of the trades of Smiths Carpenters, Ioyners, Turners & \Brick makers/ Potters & painters carvers; & [the first \or almost the first/ uniting of scattered villages under into goverments {sic} under market towns &] the first uniting of market towns into governments under cities walled about, & the first building of Temples in those cities; & \&/ the coming \first setting up/ of Oracles from Egypt \in Greece {illeg}/, & the erecting of the Amphictyonic Councils at Thermopylæ & Delphos. & the be first plowing & sowing in Europe. The flood of Ogyges was two or three ages earlier then that of Deucalion \These are the {illeg} ages of the Greeks/ & there could \scarce/ be no|any| memory of things done in Europe above three or four generations befo{re} the first use of Letters & the flood of Deucalion In those day{s} they began \first/ to build villages of clay & bows of trees \& brick/ & soon the{n} to unite the villages into governments under corporation towns, \some of the/ the {sic} shepherds who fled out of Egypt in the days of Eli or Samuel which coming in small numbers into Egypt \escaping into/ Greece & teaching them to do it. \Cranaus who flourished – – –/

Cranaus who flourished &c

<102v>

Semiramis perhaps the widdow of Pul

[Editorial Note 38]

pag. 26

By all these things it may be understood that when David conquered the Edomites & made them & their neighbours upon the red sea fly to other \places,/ some fled into Ægypt & there set on foot Navigation Astronomy & Letters. Others fled to the Philistims, the enemies of David & assisted them by their skill in Sea affairs assisted the Philis enabled the Philistims to take Sidon \a place convenient for Sea-affairs/, & the Zidonians to extend their trade upon the Mediterranean as far westward as to \Ægypt &/ Libya & \Asia minor &/ Greece, & from their name of Erythreans translated into hebrew gave the name of Phœnicia to all the sea-coast of Palestine from Gaza to Zidon. And when \Zidon was taken &/ the Zidonians fled from the Philistims, some of them fled to Tyre, & Aradus, & the sea coasts of \Cilicia/ Asia minor Crete & Greece under Abibalus Cadmus, Cilix, Theseus \{&} other Captains/ & carried thither Letters, navigation & the working in minerals \& gave the name of Phanice to Cana/. But the Tyrians were not yet heard of in Europe. They being chiefly such as had fled from Sidon were enemies to the Philistims & friends to David \For Hiram a[123] was always a lover of David. And/ {sic} by their skill in navigation & \their mixture with Edomites & Midianites who had/ knowledge of the red sea /they\ assisted Solomon & his successors \& perhaps David also/ in \setting on foot & carrying on/ their trade on that sea untill the revolt of the Edomites from Ioram king of Iudah. And \the Tyrians/ being by that revolt driven from the red sea, they began a trade upon the Mediterranean to under the conduct of their sailing to \sailing under the conduct of their Hercules to remote/ places not yet frequented by the Zidonians \& searching the sea coasts of Spain as far as {the banks} of the river Bætis/. & {illeg} And at the same time Dido flying \fled/ from her brother Pigmaleon to the coast of Afric & built Carthage. And this was within 20 or 30 y presently after the this was presently after the taking of Troy while Æneas was \& Teucere were/ yet alive, Carthage (according to the records of that city) being built 737 before the Romans destroyed it. And by theses things you may understand the meaning of the tradition wch Herodotus ascribes in \the beginning of/ his first book to the Persians & in the middle of his 7th book to ye Phenicians themselves: [Hi Phœnices, saith he, (ut ipsi memorant quondā mare rubrum accolebant illine transgressi maritimæ Syriæ habitant Is tractus Syriæ et quicquid Ægypto tenus est, Palæstina vocatur.] \vizt/ that the Phenicians came from the red sea to ye sea coasts of Syria \Phœnicia/ & not long after \presently/ undertook long voiages upon the mediterranean |vizt first under the Zidonians who went as far as Greece & Libya & then under the Tyrians who went to the straits mouth of the straits & beyond|. And these things being setled, it remains now that I touch upon the antiquities of Greece contemporary to these \act thing {sic}/, that the conformity \chronology/ of the whole may appear.

When Sesostris returned into Egypt – – – one generation earlier.

I have now carried up the Chronology of Greece as high as to the four first ages of the Gods of Greece & the flood of Deucalion wch immediatly preceded them. The flood of Ogyges might be two or three generations earlier, but the things done in that interval are very obscure

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do use to quit their country in multitudes without compulsion. Now looking for the occasion of this flight, I observe that Inach was in servitude under the Philistims till the second year of Saul, then Saul & David had great wars with the Philistims, \Edomites Moabites Ammonites Syrians/ & other nations round about \round about/ & conquered \them/ all their neighbours from the red sea to the Mediterranean river Euphrates, driving the Edomites from their seats & thereby enlarging the dominion of Israel very much. By these victories the Edomites were forced from their seats & fled some of them to to {sic} Egypt & other places & the Philistims being beaten And such an occasion there was in Davids reign in an eminen extraordinary manner. ffor David \beat the Philistims in many battels &/ conquered his neighbours round about & {illeg} brought the monarchy of Israel to thighest ye highest degree of power its height before the birth of Solomon & made his enemies fly from their seats as appears by the flight of the Edomites into Egypt. |Rehoboam \the eldest son of Solomon/ was 41 years old when he began to reign & therefore he was born a year before ye death of David. If \at that time/ Solomon may be supposed about 20 or 21 {illeg} {might} \above 20/ old & under 26 years old he will have been born before /after\ the {illeg}|13|th & before ye 19th year of Davids reign & at a middle recconin|

Altho the Greeks & Latines had no certain Chronology ancienter then ye Persian Monarchy, yet the Phenicians had Annals as ancient as the days of David. And Tatian an Assyrian, in his book against the Greeks relates that amongst the Phœnicians flourished three ancient historians Theodotus Hypsicrates & Mochus &c – – – – should record it but Agenors losing his daughter & sending his sons wth a great body of people to seek new seats under find her or return no more affected them. For Lucian tells us that the Sidonians built a {illeg} & thence we may be certain that the rapture of Europa [happened but a little before the building of the Temple suppose in the reign of David. a] & expedition of Cadmus could not happen {illeg} \above/ 260 years before the building of the \Solomons/ Temple or above as Chronologers reccon, but was nor above a kings reign before it, but might well happen {illeg} in the reign of David where we have placed it. And the times \age/ of Cadmus & Europa being thus fixt \but suits perfectly with the reign of David where we have placed it./ \Thus/ by the authority of the Phenician \Annals &/ h|H|istorians|es| who|i||ch| were \much/ older then any historians annals & historians|es| of the Greeks, fixes \also/ the times of the Argonautic Expedition, Trojan war & return of the Heraclides, where we have placed them \the intervals being limited/ by the genealogies of Cadmus, Europa & Hercules. And these times being thus fixed determined, we may now by their help] we have fixed the the age of Cadmus & Europa is fixed, & thereby the times of the Argonautic expedition, Trojan war & Return of the Heraclides are also fixed, the intervals being limited by the ages \genealogies/ of Cadmus Europa & Hercules. And having thus by the genealogies & reigns of Kings, by the Precession of the Equinox \by the analogy synchronisms of the actions of the Greeks & Oriental nations/ & by the authority of the oldest & surest chronologies records fixed these times: {illeg} by their help proceed \with mo/ more safely to determine {illeg} all the rest. we cannot err much in determining the rest. ffor Cadmus was the first who brought letters into Europe & it is not things done in Europe could not be remembered f above three or four generations before the use of Letters, & therefore we have already brought chronology \almost/ as high as the first memory of things.

|Polydorus the son of Cadmus – – – – – under age to succeed him.|

Erechtheus \an eminent/ king of Athens had severals {sic} sons Cecrops, Pandion – – – – & in the beginning of Solomons. Homer ✝[124] calls him the son of the earth nurst up by Pallas \& Diodorus saith he was an Egyptian, & that/ In {sic} a time of famin he procured a great quantity of corn from Egypt, & for this benefaction the people of Athens made him their king & therefore he did not inherit his fathers kingdom but succeeded by righ by right of Election.

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Cecrops had an Egyptian \who came from Sais a Province of Egypt {putting} {illeg}/ who led a colony of Egyptians into Attica, married his daughter to Cranaus & was expelled the kingdom by Cranaus his son in law & Crnaus {sic} was the father of Rharus the father of Celeus king of Eleusis in the reign of Erechtheus & therefore Cecrops was almost three generations older or about 75 years older then Erechtheus, \or/ & so was 55 years older then David. He is recconed one of the first Egyptians who led colonies into Greece. He was the first that civilized the people of Attica & gathered them into towns & cities. He joyned one man & one woman & first called Iupiter God & set up an altar at Athens & after him came in all the whole genealogy of the Gods of Greece.

When The Phœnicians began to trade wth Greece & bring Corn thither out of Egypt {illeg} a little before the days of Erechtheus &

When Erechtheus sent fr

When the Phenicians began to trade wth Greece & bring corn thither out of {illeg} \Egypt/, they would be apt to bring weomen thither out of Egypt to teach the Greeks how to grind it & make it into bread. And this I find done in the days of Erechtheus. ffor at time Ceres is said to Athens. She pretended to come in quest of her daughter – – – – – & therefor Car was contemporary to Solomon & Poroneus {sic} to David. & Saul

Perseus was the father of Alcæus – – – – to grind corn.

Polydorus the son of Cadmus – – – corruptly written for Inachus.

After Lamedon above mentioned had reigned some years at Ægyale – corruptly written for Inachus – – – – Danaus & {illeg} was |& his son Longinus & daughters were| younger then Perseus the granson {sic} of Acrisius. {illeg} \{illeg}/ Sthenelus whom I take to be the son of Perseus & Andromeda mentioned by Homer λ β being but \scarce/ one generation older then the Argonauts as was shewed above. And there

Egyptians any more. Zerah is called an Ethiopian & so is his successor Memnon. ffor af but that's no objection against his being king of Egypt for his successor Memnon was also an Ethiopian. Libya was \in those days/ a province of Egypt

They seem to have received it from the Phenicians & \in the beginning/ to have used the same Octaeteris in all Greece & Italy & their Islands, allowing only a liberty to the Priests of intercaling or dropping \omitting/ a day \or two/ in the month or a month in the Octaeteris \as often as it should be found necessar requisite/ to make ye months agree wth the Moon & the years wth the sun,

And if the Athenæa & games of Minos were celebrated upon the first year of the Octaeteris {illeg} as is most probable, the expedition of Theseus will be 24 years after the death of {illeg} Androgeus. ffor the Athenians paid a tribute of Chilren {sic} three times, & \in the/ third payment Theseus put an end to this tribute. Now supposing that Androgeus \Androgeus &/ the tributary children were of a paid for him \by way of recompence/ were of about the age same age that is been or that Androgeus & Theseus were still beardles young men of about 20 years of Age, \& since Theseus was born about 9 years before the death of Solomon/ the expedition of Theseus will happen about 10 or 11 years after the death of Solomon & the birth of Androgeus about the 8 7th {illeg} years & soon after the death of David \of Solomons reign/ & by consequence the birth of Minos about [& rapture of his mother Europa] about the midle of Davids reign, or within two or three years after. [or that Minos was about 70 years old when Theseus sailed to Crete & stole Ariadne] Now Dædalus being an Athenian nearly related to Theseus assisted Theseus & Ariadne {illeg} the daughter of Minos in their falling in love wth Theseus Dædalus an Athenian nearly related to Theseus assisted [them in their escape love & escape. ffor] |her| in saving Theseus helping Theseus to {illeg} escape out of the Labyrinth & escaping with him. ffor wch or some other crime Minos imprisoned Dædalus & Dædalus escaped by the help of sails & came to Theseus at Athens & Minos demanding him of Theseus he fled thence to \Cocalus king of Crete/ [& was pursued thither by Minos but perswaded the daughter of Cocalus {illeg} to kill Minos & there contrived the death of Minos who pursued him thither. So that {illeg} the reign of Minos ended soon after the expedition of Theseus, suppose about two \or three/ years after, he being then about 72 years of age.

Now Theseus & Ariadne in their way to Athens sailed to the Island Dia & there Bac met wth the forces of Bacchus who was \being much/ stronger at Sea then Theseus took Ariadne from him & had children by her two of which Phi called Philias & Eumedon were Argonauts & therefore born before the 17th year of Rehoboam. If in that \ye Argonautic/ expedition the elder of them may be supposed about 25 years old (for ye Argonauts were young men) his birth will fall upon the 12 year of Rehoboam, & Ari thus Ariadne might be carried away by Bacchus about the 11th of Rehoboam as above. This Bacchus was not the son of Semele but another Bacchus who was potent at sea & led an army as far as India – – – – because Ariadne was buried in it (Pausan l. 2. c. 22. And by these circumstances this Bacchus was Sesostris. Both This Bacchus This Bacchus & Sesostris were \both of them/ kings of all Egypt reigned at the same time, were great mariners le very potent by sea & land led {illeg} eastward as far {as} India & eastward over the Hellespont into Thrace & Greece & these {illeg} their expedition & in all their conquests set up Pillars wth inscriptions, & therefore \agreeing in all these things they/ must be one & ye same king & by consequence the rap captivit rapture of Ari{adne} <104r> happened at the time when Sesostris invaded the Ilands of Cyclades that is between the 5t & 14th year of Rehoboam & nearer to ye 14th then to ye 5t & by {illeg} being {towards} the latter end of his expedition so yt ye error cannot be g in placing it on {his returning} canot {illeg} \{illeg} {illeg}/ as above. This Bacchus gave the kingdom of Lycurgus to {illeg} [Homer knew but of one Minos {illeg} Iupiter & Europa & brother of Rhadamanthus & father of {Idomeneus} Deucalion the Argonaut & grandfather of Idomeneus \who warred at Troy/ (Il. ν & ξ \& Odys. χ ν./ Apollodorus (l. 3 c. 1.       & Hyginus |fab. 40, 41, 42, {ινα}| say that Minos the son of \& brother of Ph/ father of Androgeus Ariadne & Phædra was the son of Iupiter & Europa & brother of Rhadamanthus & Sarpedon. And {divers other}] Bacchus who married Ariadne was contemporary to Theseus as we have shewed & therefore there was but one Ariadne Minos. \Homer/ Hesiod, \{Thucydides}/ Strabo & divers other Authors knew of but one Minos. |And| Homer describes him to be the son of Iupiter & Europa {illeg} & brother of Radamanthus & Sarpedon & the father of Deucalion ye Argonaut & grandfather of Idomeneus who warred at Troy & that he was the Legislator of Crete & Iudge of Hell (Il. α & ξ Odys λ et τ) & Apollodorus (l. 3, c. 1) & Hyginus (fab 40, 41, 42, 178) say that Minos the father of Androgeus Ariadne & Phædra was the son of Iupiter & Europa & brother of Rhadamanthus & Sarpedon. {illeg} The rapture of Europa & voiage of Cadmus in quest of her, happened therefore just before the birth of this Minos, suppose about he 16th or 20th year of David.

The games in Crete were said to be performed in a l Labyrinth built by Dædalus, & as Androgeus was wounded or slain \perished/ after his victory so Theseus was after his victory was to perish in the Labyrinth unless he could find the way out But Ariadne the daughter of Minos seing the performance of Theseus in those games fell in love with him & by the contrivance of Dædalus helped him out of the Labyrinth & escaped with him out of T Crete, & in their way to Athens they sailed to \landed in/ ye Island Dia or Naxus & there Thes met wth the forces of Bacchus

[This splitting of Minos & Ariadne into two seems to have proceeded from [the opinion \mistake/ of Chronologers [that ye great Bacchus was {illeg} two generations older then Theseus whereas we] who made t] hence that the Chronolog] It seems chronologers made ye great Bacchus who carried married Ariadne to be \two generations/ ancienter yn the son of Semele \Theseus/ & {illeg} in defending this opinion they split Minos & Ariadne into two: where But we have shewed that this Bacchus invaded Greece in the days of \Ægeus &/ Theseus & therefore there was but one Ariadne & one Minos. Homer,

Herodotus \l. 1/ makes Minos & Rhadamanthus the sons of Eropa {sic} contemporary to Ægeus

{illeg} In the {illeg} Saul was made king to deliver Israel out of the hand of the Philistims his reign was maintained a doubtful His reign was troublesome & inglorious & they prevailed over him at his death. But Davids reign was very victorious. He beat the Philis

– the year before David beseiged destroyed the Ammonites & besiged {sic} their Rabbah their Metropo{lis} & saw Bathsheba \naked that is three years before the birth of Solomon,/ he beat the Ammonites & Syrians I & put garrisons in Syria of Dan & thereby enlarged the kingdom of Israel as far as the river Euphrates, putting garrisons in Syria, & by this victory David gat him a name & brought the monarchy of Israel to its \height/ having smote the Philistims in many battels & subdued them & Moab & Edom & Amalek befoe & taken Gath with her towns out of the hands of the Philistims. And after this David beat the Philistims in three battels more & subdued them – – And by these victories David made his enemies fly from his {illeg} him for an instance of wch you have in the Edomites who fled \from him/ into Egypt. When therefore David conquered his enemies round about & brought the kingdom of Israel to its height (wch I take to be between ye 12th & 20th year of his reign) then did {illeg} the a mixt multitude of Zidonians, Philistims \Edomites/ & Arabians fly from him under the conduct of Cadmus & to seek new seats in Asia minor \&/ Greece & this I take to be

Solomon begat Rehoboam a yea Rehoboam was born a year before the death of David & if Solomon may be supposed at that time between 20 & 25 years of age his birth will have been between the 14th & 19th year of David. Two years before his birth David {illeg} destroyed the After David removed to Ierusalem he beat the Philistims in several battells \& took Gath with its cities from them &/ {sic} subdued them & Moab3 & Edom1 & Amalek\2/ & Ammon4 & Syria5 {& the kings} \of Zoba &/ reigning \conquering/ all |ye| countries fom the red sea to Euphrates \& made his enemies fly from their seats as appears by the flight of the Edomites/. {illeg} The victory wch completed his greatness was that over Edom & Syria three years before the birth of Solomon, that is about the 14th year of Davids his reign. ffor Rehoboan {sic} was born an year before Solomons \Davids/ death, Solomon being then a young man, suppose of about 22 o years of age. {illeg}

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Now Phenicia properly s lay on the north of Iudea between [the mountains Libanus & Antilibanus & The head cities thereof were Sidon, Tyre Berylus, Byblus, Tripolis, Damascus, & from thence westward to the sea & comprehended Do] Tyre & Tripolis & the mountains Libanus & the mountains Libanus & Antilibanus cities of Damascus and west Now Phœnicia lay \on the/ north of Iudea between partly on the sea coasts & partly \{illeg}/ between the mountains of Libanus & Antilibanus {illeg}{illeg} The conquest of this country made the inhabitants fly to Zidon & there take {illeg} under the conduct of {illeg} Cadmus to seek new seats. And therefore \And if/ this expedition must be placed presently after the {illeg} \may/ be placed the year after the conquest it will fall upon ye 15th year of David. The \{illeg} {Hermitts} in mount {Hermœa}/ Hevœians are called Cadmonian in the b \Gen. 15.19/ that is Orientals Gen. 15.19 \& Tabor & {Hermœa} are put for west & east Psal       & from the names of Cadmonites Hermonites & {Hivites} came/ {sic} from the Cadmoni of mount Her{mœa} \{illeg}/ came {sic} the names of Cadmus & Harmonia, & from their being {illeg} the fable of their being transformed into serpents \argued that they were {illeg}/ as Bochart \(Phaleg l. 4. c. 38 & Chemaon l 4 c. 19.)/ well observs. For {illeg} חויא signifies Hevæus in the Syriac signifies a serpent When some of the Cadmonites fled to seek new seats in Asia minor & Greece others fled to seek new seats to the coasts of Afric. {illeg} \{illeg} neare/ the {borders} & between them & there {illeg} also left the names of Cadmus & {sic} Harmonia |{illeg} new seats the {illeg} another|. {illeg} Nonnus saith that \{they built}/ an hundred \walled/ cities on that coast. And that {to the} east of those cities many Libyans followed {illeg} ye only {illeg} Bacchus in his wars. And therefore the great Bacchus was later then Cadmus as we affirmed above

[Editorial Note 39]

Numa the second king of Rome is recconed a Pythagorean & the disciple of Pythagoras & yet Chronogers {sic} make Pythagoras \Numa/ above an hundred years older then Pythagoras. {illeg} This happens by their making the reigns of the kings of Rome too long & the ages of the ancestors of Pythagoras too long. \The kings of Rome were elective &/ all the five kings who succeeded Numa were either slain or deposed & such reigns at a moderate recconing \are but half ye length of others &/ scarce exceed 10 or 12 years a piece one wth another. And therefore allowing 20 years \more/ for the reign of Numa his reign will \therefore/ begin about 70 or 80 years before ye Consuls. At the return of ye Heraclides into Peloponnesus Costus \Temenus/ became king of Corinth & was succeeded first by his elder son Cisus & yn by his younger son. Phalces the second son of Temenus {illeg} invaded Sicyon & led R\h/egnidas the son of Phalces \the second son afterward of Temenus/ invaded Phlyas[125] expelling the king thereof who fled to Samus, & whom Laertius calls Cleonius the father of Euthyphron the father of Hippasus the father of Marmacus (or Mnesarchus) the father of Pythagoras. Whence Pythagoras was \about/ six generations or about 200 years younger then Temenus & by consequence \began to/ flourished about 222 years before the Consuls. |If we may allow about 35 years a piece to these generations & suppose| Cleonius |to| may be supposed 10 or 20 years younger then Rhegnidas Pythagoras will be about 220 or 230 years younger then Temenus that & by consequence about [{illeg} or 100 years older then {illeg} only] 30 | 2 or 20 | 2 years older then Numa, & so might be his Tutor 20 or 17 years older then Numa & so might be his Preceptor master \& so might flourish about 90 or 100 years before the Consuls & be Tutor to Numa./ Psammiticus[126] by the help of the Ionians & Carisus became king of Egypt \about 142 years before ye death of Cyrus/ & in gratitude gave them seats upon the Pelusiac ostium of the Nile, ffrom that time & sent to them Egyptian children to be taught the greek tongue. And from this time on {illeg} till \on commerce was {illeg} between the Greeks & Egyptians/ |& ye| Greeks hav|d|ing free access to Egypt, wch occasioned a revival of Gr learning in Greece: Pherecydes Syrus \Thales & Pythagoras & their scholars/ reviving Astronomy \Geometry/ & Philosophy; Amon \Archilocus/ Tyrtæus Thal Alcmon, Stesicorus, Mimnermus, Alcæus, \{sic}/ Sappho \revived/ poetry; Arion \& Terpander/ musick {illeg} If we may suppose that [Pythagoras & his scholars Thales & his scholar Pythagoras began to flourish soon \went into Egypt within 50 or 60/ after the opening of this commerce between Egypt & Greece, suppose Phercydes within 20 or 30 years after, & \&/ Thales & Pythyon within ten & Pythyon wthin 10 or 20 years after Phercydes Pythagoras will be of about the same as old as we have represented above. And this \supposition/ agrees wth what Pliny[127] tells us of Pythagoras \affirms of Pythagoras/ namely that in Olymp 42 & V.C. 142 {illeg} \Pythagoras Pythagoras found/ that Venus was sometimes the morning, star & sometimes the evening star

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Lydiats Canones Chronologici

|185| Andr. Libavij. Syntagma

Bernard Cæsius de Mineralibus

Eman. Cönig Regnum minerale

Gabr. Clauderus de Tinctura universali.

Mich. Maieri scrutinium Chymicum

De Alchymia opuscula complura veterum Philosoph.

|Io.| Braceschi de Alchemia libri \Dialogi/ duo

Bayeri Vranometria

Chr. Hugenij Systema Saturnium

Magni Philosophorum Arcani Revelator \Geneva/ 1688

|954| Arabia seu Arabum vicinarumqꝫ gentium Orientalium origines

Natural experiments made in the Acadmy del Cimento 1684

L. Addisons present state of ye Iews.

Vansleb's present state of Egypt

180. 7 27. 3 153. 4 40. 3290. 15 . 6 3483. 19 6

180. 7. 0 31. 12. 10 148. 14. 2 00 11. 13. 6. 13. 4. 0 2. 5. 6 4. 9. 10 21. 13. 2. 31. 13. 10 180

ght {}rt &c {}row of

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In the mean time Nabopolasser cho \But/ T|t|he \king of/ Assyrians being \in the mean time/ subdued by the {sic} Assuerus & Nebuchadnezzar, {illeg} \& the conquerors being by that/ {sic} the dominions of {illeg} Syria westward falling to ye lot of ye Babylonians Nabopolasser |by that {sic} means {illeg} Mesopotamia \{restored} Mesopotamia &/ Syria Mesopotamia & part of Syria & the conquerors being by that means entituled to the countries of Assyria Mesopotamia & Syria, they led their forces against the king of Egypt. For| Nebuchadnezzar assisted by Astibares (that is Assuerus) king of the Medes, came wth an army \came with/ in the third year of Iehojakim wth came with an army of – – – – to the river of Euphrates. This king of Egypt Berosus calls the Satrapa of Syria & This victory |& this victory over him \put an end to his reign over Syria &/ gave a beginning to the reign of Neb. over Syria And by these conquests over Assyria \Mesop/ & Syria the Babylonian Empire {illeg} was erected.|

Whilst Nebuchadnezzar was acting in Syria – – – – Teredon

And from hence forward he applied himself sometimes to war conquering \Sitagene,/ Susiana, \Arabia/ Ægypt & {illeg} Edom \Edom/ & some other countries, & sometimes to peace, adorning

Nebucha Cyrus r

After the taking of By|a|bylon Cyrus reigne went to Ecbatane & succeeded Darius in the kingdom & reigned over all Media & Persia seven years according to Xenophon, but over Babylon he reigned nine years, two years under the king of ye Medes & seven years alone & in the first year of his reign over the whole Empire he set the Iews at liberty to return from Babylon to Ierusalem & rebuild their Temple. For the Iews remained in captivity at Babylon untill the reign of the kingdom of Persia 2 Chron. XXXVI.20, & were set at liberty in the first year of ye reign of Cyrus king of Persia over all the kingdoms of the Earth Ezra I.1, 2, 3.

Doctor 8 ( 2. Apoth. 4|5|. Niece \&c/ P. 5. S. 7. Globes 8. Treat 13. Butcher 56|5|. Pocket 28. Excheq. 3 Math. 3. Coach 40. Fanc 8.

And such a body Nineveh & \wth/ its villages seems to have been in the days of Ionah {illeg} that is about 100 or |in the reigns of Ih|e|hoahas & Ioas Kings of Israel when the kingdom of Israel was in great bitter affliction under the Syrians (2 king. 14.25, 26) wch was \in the reigns of Iehohahas & Ioas/ about reigns 120 years before the captivity| 120 years before the captivity {sic} of the 10 Tribes. It was then a large city of large extent but full of pastures for cattel so that it conteined but about 120000 persons. {illeg} It was not yet so \great &/ potent as not to be terrified at thi|e| preaching \of Ionah/ & to fear being invaded \by its neighbours/ & ruined wthin 40 days. Its kings wer|as|e not yet called king of Assyria but only king of Nineveh, & his proclamation for a fast was not published in several nations nor in all Assyria, but only in Nineveh & {sic} the perhaps the villages thereof. But soon after when the Dominion of Nineveh was established at home & exalted over all Assyria, & his kingdom with \& this kingdom began/ [the Assyrians are spoken of as \an united/ kingdom wth wch Israel made a covenant, {illeg} Iareb king \then/ their king, \whose king Iareb made a covenant with Ephraim/ Hos. V.13 & X.6 & XII.1 And after \{illeg}/ this kingdom began to invade a its neigbours And aft This seem And after this kingdom was established at home &] began it|to| make war upon the neighbouring nations, its kings were no longer called kings of Nineveh but were constantly called kings of Assyria. {illeg} Amos When Ieroboam the son of Ioash king of Israel had newly subdued the kingdoms of Damascus & Hamath, the Prophet Amos thus reproves Israel for being lifted up. Ye wch rejoyce – – – wilderness. This nation therefore was not then raised up – – – – – a potent Monarchy. When the Iews were newly – – – – names of the Conquerors |that is, notwithstanding your prsent greatness I will raise up above you from a lower condition a nation whom you yet fear not & they shall {illeg} you. ffor so the word תהם signifies when applied to men, as in Amos 5.2. 1 Sam. 2.8. 2 Sam 12.11. Psal. 113.7 Ier. 10.20, & 50.32. Hab. 1.6. Zech. 11.16.| This nation therefore was not raised up till after ye conquest of Damascus & Hamath by Ieroboam,. t & prophesy of Amo Amos [& what nation it was Amos doth not so much as name] In the prophesies of Isaiah, Ieremiah, Ezekiel, Hosea, Micah, Nahum Zephany & Zechary wch were written after the Assyrian Monarchy grew up this monarchy is openly named upon all occasions; but in this of Amos no{t} once tho the \{illeg}/ captivity of Israel Syria & Israel thereby be the subject of {the} prophesy & that of Israel be often threatned. Zech. 11.16. Amos indeed m{entions} the Assyrians once, but it is only only {sic} to tell us that they had been in captivity. Have {not I} brought up Israel out of the land of Egypt & the Philistims from Captor & the {Syrians} from Kis Kir. Amos. 9.7. They were therefore lately returned from captivity, & w{ere to} be raised up against Israel \after the taking of Damascus & Hamath by Ieroboam &/ after the writing of this Prophesy, & by conseque{nce} {illeg} up in ye days of Pul & his successors – – – – accounted the founder of this Mon{archy.}

The prophet Amos about 65 or 70 years before the captivity of the {Iews} thus threatens them with what had – – – – – & thereby set up this Monarchy.

He prophesied when Israel was in affliction under the Syrians & this was in the {reigns of} Iehoahaz & Ioas kings of Israel, or \2 King 14.25, 26, that is & by consequence/ about 120 years before ye captivity of the {10 Tribes}

<106v> [Editorial Note 40]

Assarhadon reigned died in the year of Nabonassar 81 & was succeeded at Baby{lon by Saos}duchinus. But whether Saosduchinus was king of all Assyria or of Babylon alone o{r was Satra}pa of Babylon under the king of Assyria may be doubted. T The last king of Assy{ria by the} consent of all historians was Sardanapalus. He was the son of Anacyndaraxis & {illeg} tells us that Anacyndaraxis was {illeg} \also/ king of Assyria. And therefore Nebuchadonos{or mention}ed in the book of Iudeth reigned between Asserhaddon & Anacyndaraxis. If And in {the} book of Iudeth there is mentioned another king of Assyria called Neb{ucado}nosor., whose \His/ history suits {well enough} \best/ wth the times between Saos n{ext} after Saosducinus, & therefore {illeg} he seems to be either the same king wth C{hiniladon} the successor of Saosduc\h/inus at Babylon or contemporary to him. For \in the 12 year of {illeg}/ he ma{de war} upon the king of the Medes [& overcame & slew him] & in that war he was le{ft alone} by a defection of the auxiliary forces nations of Cilicia Damascus Syria Phœ{nicia} Moab Ammon & Egypt & without their help overcame the kin routed the a{rmy of} the Medes & slew their king {illeg} Arphaxad: {illeg} \in the 12t year of his as is mentioned in the book of Iudeth/ & Herodotus tells the same story {of} a king of Assyria who routed & slew the Medes & slew their king whom he ca{lls} Phraortes & the death of Phraortes he places 104 or 105 years before the death {of} Cyrus that is in ye 14th year of Chiniladon \& seventh of Iosiah/ & tells us that in the time of th{is war} several nation the Assyrians were left alone by the defection of the auxiliary n{ations} being otherwise in good condition. \Arphaxad was therefore the Phraortes of Herodotus. For/ This {sic} war was made when the Iews were ne{wly} returned from captivity – – – – – & the ancients of Ierusalem. And {illeg} Iosiah in {the} 8 year of his reign Nebuchad\o/nezza|oso|r in ye 13th year of his reign (according to Ieroms ver{sion)} sent Holofernes wth an army against the revolting nations of Syria & while – – – – – of all the kings of Iudah.

Nabopolasser the successor of Chiniladon at Babylon contracted affinity wth ye Medes – – – – – – – & Ctesias to both.

For this war was made after the {illeg} Phœnicia Moab Ammon & Egypt had been conquered & by consequence after the reign of Asserhadon who conquered them. It was made when the Iews

Affiction {sic} makes men pious & the best kings of Iudah & Israel have been made so by affliction \in their youth: David by his \was/ afflicted {illeg} in his youth under Saul/. The power of Egypt over Iudea \& the invasion of Zerah/ made Asa & Iehosaphat more pious then ordinary \&/ Asa & Iehosaphat under the kings of Egypt untill the invasion of Zerah & Ezekiah & Iosiah under the Assyrians & Manasses \a very wicked king {illeg}/ by captivity became pious. Iosiah in the 8th year of his age reign while he was yet young began to seek after the God of \David/ his father (2 Chron 34.3) & in the 12th year of his reign after he was delivered from the army of began to purge Iudah & Ierusalem from Idolatry & to destry {sic} the high places & groves & altars & Images of Baalim. When ye king of Assyria made war upon had vanquished the Medes & threatned the western nations with war \& sent Holofernes against them/, then were the Iew{s} terrified & fortified Iudea & cried unto God wth great fervency & humbled themselves in sackcloth & put ashes on their heads & cried to ye God of Israel that he would not give their cities & their wives & children & their cities \for a prey/ & the Temple for a profanation & the High priest & all the priess {sic} put on sackcloth & ashes & offered dayly burnt offerings wth wth {sic} vows & free gifts of the people (Iudeth IV.) & then began Iosiah to seek ye Lord. And after Iudeth had slain Holofernes & the Iews Assyrians were fled & the Iews who purused them were returned to Ierusalem they worshipped the Lord & offered burnt offerings & free offerings & gifts & continued feasting before ye sanctuary for ye space of three months. {illeg} (Iudeth XVI.18) & then did Iosiah purge Iudah & Ierusalem from Idolatry

Affliction \& danger/ makes men pious. Asa & his son Iehosaphat upo

In times of {adu} prosperity the children of Israel were apt to go after fals gods & in times of affliction to \repent &/ return to ye Lord [as is manifest by many instances] in the days of ye Iudges &] So Manasses a very wicked king being captivated by the Assyrians repented & being released from captivity restored the worship of the true God. And so when we are told that Iosiah – – – – & Images of Baalim we are to \may/ understand that these acts of religion were occasioned by the \impending/ dangers & escapes from danger. from Idolatry. When the king of Assyria had vanquished the Medes – – – – & Ierusalem from Idolatry.

The two last kings of Assyria by the consent of all historians was Sardanapalus. the son of \And his father/ Anacyndaraxis, who according to Suidas was the king before him. In the reign of Sardanapalus, Nabopolassar the king of Babylon \& the successor of Chiniladon/ – – – & Ctesias to both.

<107r> [Editorial Note 41]

{illeg} the of Darius the word of ye Lord came to Zechariah, & the Angel of ye {Lord} said, O Lord of hosts, H|h|ow long wilt thou not have mercy on Ierusalem {& on} ye cities of Iudah against wch thou has {sic} had indignation these threescore & {ten} years. Zech. I.7, 12. And by all these Characters the years of Iehoja{kim}, Zedekiah & Nebuchadnezzar seem to be sufficiently determined.

In these recconings \{W}hereby/ its to be understood that the years of these kings mentined {sic} {in} scripture began in spring. For as the Chaldeans counted the reign of their kings . . . . . {y}ear of his reign & thereby the Chronology of \the Iews in/ ye old Testament is connected with {t}hat of other nations. {illeg} For the rei years of all the reigns of \all/ the king {sic} of {I}udah Now Abraham received ye pro between the death of Solomon & the captivity of Zedekiah being summed up together amount to 393 years \incomplete/, whereof 390 years reach end wth \to/ the 9th year of Zedekiah {illeg} wherein Nebuchadnezzar invaded Iudeah & began to beseige Ierusalem: & therefore Ezekiel is commanded to as is also signified by Ezekiels lying so many \ten/ years upon 390 days upon his left side to bear the iniquity of the ten tribes so many years untill the siege. Ezek IV.5, 6. And therefore the ten tribes & division of the Isr death of Solomon & division of Israel into two kingdoms was in ye year of Abr. 1020 complete, & the founding of ye Temple 36 years & some months before was in the year of Abr. {illeg}984, & the coming of ye Iews out of Egypt 479 {illeg} 480 years before was in the year of Abr. 504 complete. And the birth of Abraham 505 years b] & thereby the Chronology of the Iews in the old Test. is connected wth that of ye reigns of other other nations. ffor between the death of the two kingdoms of Israel & Iudah \later times/ ffor between the death of Solomon & ye 9th year of Zedekiah wherein Nebuchadnezzar invaded Iudea & besieged Ierusalem there were 390 years, as is manifest both by the prophesy of Ezek. chap. IV. & by summing up the years of the kings of Iudah. [And from the coming of Israel out of Egypt to the death of Solomon there were 516 years, vizt 460 years incomplete to the founding of the Temple & 36 4th year of Solomon inclusively \in wch year the Temple was founded &/ {sic} 36 years more to his death. And from the birth of Abraham to the coming of the Iews out of Egypt, were 505 y. whereof 75 preceded the promisses, & 43] & from ye 9th year {of} Zedekiah inclusively to ye vulgar æra of Christ were 590 years, both wch numbers to ye {illeg} wth half the reign of Solomon make up a thousand years, & from the middle of Solomons reign to the birth of Abraham were another 1000 years, vizt to the death of Eli & beginning of the reign of Samuel 100 years & thence to ye birth of Abraham 900 years. Whence arise several Epochas, as \that/ of \birth of/ Abraham beginning 2000 years before Christs of the coming o \the vulgar æra of Christ that of/ Moses & the law beginning 1496 before this æra of Christ, that of the Iudges beginning 1449 years before this vulgar \vulgar/ æra of Christ, that of Samuel beginning 1100 years before this vulgar æra of Christ {illeg} that of Solomo Solomons Temple beginning 1016|7| years before Christ \this æra/ & that of Solomons death & d|t|he division of the kingdom of Israel beginning 980 years before this same vulgar æra.

or that there was an Assyrian Empire now standing. ffor he supposes that the Medes reigned all this time & that that ye Assyrian Empire was at an end above 250 years before it began.

The kingdoms of \Israel, Moab Ammon Edom Philistia Sidon/ Damascus, \&/ Hamath {illeg} \Sidon/ were of ancient standing \& so was the house of Eden Amos 1.5)/ & therefore Syria was not conquered by ye Assyrians before the reign of Pull & his successors. {illeg} The house of Eden held the scepter till the days of {illeg} Amos the Prophet (Amos 1.5)

\The kingdoms of/ Israel, {illeg} Edom Moab Ammon Edom Philistia Sidon Damascus Hamoth continued subject to other Lords till the reign of Pul & his successors, & so did the house of Eden (Amos 1.5)            Gen 21.10 \12/ 2 King 19.12)

Amos prophesied in the reign of Ieroboam the son of Ioas king of Israel about the time that Ieroboam conquered \subdued the kingdoms of/ Damascus & Hamath or soon after, that is about 70 or 80 years before the captivity of the ten tribes, & he thus reproves Israel for being lifted up by those conquests. Ye rejoyce

– & that after they revolted they lived a while \first/ without a king \for a while/ & then had they lived under kings 150 years till the reign of Cyrus, wch years being counted backwards, will place their revolt in the & anarchy in the re in the of the Medes will fall up begin presently after the slaughter of Sennacheribs army in Palestine

For there I place it because Tobit – – – former king.

Sardanapalus was contemporary to Nabopolasser k. of Babylon the successor of Chiniladon. Poly\h/istor takes them for the same king but Herodotus & others make Sardanapalus king of Nineveh. Nabopolasser

<107v>
[Editorial Note 42]

Chap.
Of the Babylonian Empire.

By the fall of the Assyrian Empire, the Ch Kingdoms of the Chaldeans & Medes wch had hitherto been small & inconsiderable, grew great & potent. The reigns of the kings of the Chaldeans are stated in Ptolomy's Canon: for understanding wch you are to note that every kings reign in yt Canon, began with the last Thoth of his predecessor, & ended wth the last Thoth of his own reign; the odd months & days of the last year of every king being neglected in summing up the years of the kings, & the rest of the year in wch the next kings reign began, being recconed to him for his first year, as I gather by comparing the reigns of the Roman Emperors in that Canon, wth their reigns recorded in years months & days by other authors. Whence it appears from that Canon that Chiniladon king of Babylon died in the year of Nabonasser 123, Nabopolasser in the year 144 & Nebuchadnezzar in the year 187. This last king died in the 37th year of Iehojakins captivity (2 King. XXV.27) & therefore Iehojakin was captivated in ye 150th year of Nabonassar, Anno Abr. 140{illeg}3. This captivity was in the eighth year of Nebuchadnezzar's reign over Iudea (2 King. XXIV.12) & eleventh of Iehojakim's. ffor the first year of Nebuchadnezzars reign was the fourth of Iehojakims (Ier. XXV.1) & Iehojakim reigned 11 years before this captivity (2 King. XXIII.36 2 Chron. XXVI.5) & the 10th year of Zedekiah, that is, the 10th year of Iehojakins captivity was ye 18th year of Nebuchadnezzar (Ier. XXXII.1) & the 11th year of Zedekiah \in wch Ierusalem was taken/ was the 19 of Nebuchadnezzar (Ier. LII.5. 12.) & therefore Nebuchadnezzar began his reign in Iudea in the year of Nabonassar 142. An. Abr. 1395 \that is two years before the death of his father Nabopolasser/ & Iehojakim succeeded his father Iosiah in the year of Nabonassar 139, Anno Abr. 1392, |& Ierusalem was taken \& the Temple burnt/ in the year of Nabonassar 160, Anno Abr. 14{illeg}|0|3.|

< insertion from the right margin of f 107v > ✝ Darius H

✝ The reign of Darius Hystaspis by the Canon & the consent of all Chronologers & by several eclipses of ye Moon began in spring in ye year of Nabonassar 227, that is An Abr. 1480. And in the 4th year of Darius

In the ninth year of Zedekiah in the tenth month in the tenth day of the month Nebuchadnezzar invaded Iudea & the cities thereof & in the tenth month \of yt year/ & tenth day of tha|e|t month he & his host beseiged Ierusalem (2 King. 25.1 Ier. 34.1 & 39.1 & 52.4) ffrom this time to the tenth month in ye second year of Darius are just 8 70 years. And on the {illeg} 24th day of the 11th month of this year second

< text from f 107v resumes >

As the Chaldeans counted the reign of their kings beginn by the years of Nabonassar beginning wth the month Thoth, so the Iews (as their authors tell us,) counted the reign of theirs by the years of Moses, beginning every year with the Month Nisan. ffor if any king commenced his reign a few days before this month began it was recconed to him for a whole year, & the beginning of this month was accounted the beginning of the second year of his reign. According to wch recconing the first year of Iehojakim began with the month Nisan Anno Abr. 1392, tho his reign might not really begin till 4|5| or 6 months after.

In this year therefore Pharaoh Nechoh the successor of Psammiticus came with an great army out of Egypt against the king of Assyria, & being denyed passage through Iudea, beat the Iews at Megiddo or Magdolus before {Egypt}, \slew Iosiah their king/ marched to Carchemish or Cerce

<108r>

1 0 9.0 7.0 55.51 2.0 13. 31.40 4.0 2.0 30.22 9.0 12.0 11.51 8.0 28.0 33.14 585 3.0 55.51 00. 06. 55.40 3. 09. 03. 20 06. 05. 50. 00 10. 10. 55. 33 36. 08 00. 01. 06. 40 05. 24. 14. 56 15. 20. 00. 03. 17. 20. 54 11. 29. 47. 28 00. 04. 10 10. 00. 05. 47 06. 23. 25. 50 03. 06. 41. 46 00. 04. 09. 28 08. 07. 30 07. 03. 24. 03. 01. 13. 35. 50 05. 04. 58. 13 09. 03. 46. 23 02. 05. 24. 10 08. 29. 06. 19 07. 28. 36. 01. 02. 03. 31. 27 June 2 05. 000. 018. 14 21 07. 05. 59. 18 00. 17. 02. 44 08. 06. 07. 02. 04. 34. 37 02. 05. 24. 31 04. 05. 06. 37 08. 15. 38. 45 01. 25. 09. 27 5d 0 00. 04. 55. 42 1 02. 05. 52. 55 33. 25 + 000015. 53 01. 29. 38. 55 02. 05. 24. 30 01. 29. 13. 42 08. 15. 05. 20 01. 25. 09. 27 +50 00 + 000002 003 0 027. 27 14 0 7 01. 29. 40. 58 02. 05. 24. 30 01. 29. 41. 09. 08. 15. 05. 34 01. 25. 09. 20 02. 05. 24. 30 08. 15. 05. 34 Anom. 11. 24. 16. 28 05. 14. 35. 35 May 28th.12h.3oLond + 11. 17 5.30.00 9.45 in Asia 01. 29. 52. 15 24.11.9 2.23 00 03. 14. 01. 29. 44. 23 66854 00 + 00042. 20. 02. 00. 26. 43 01. 29. 52. 15 00. 00. 34. 28 1 00 09. 07. 55. 51 02. 13. 31. 40 04. 02. 30. 22 09. 12. 11. 51 08. 028. 33. 14 500 003. 45. 52. 06. 56. 40 3. 09. 03. 20 06. 05. 50. 00 10. 10. 55. 33 80 00. 36. 08 01. 06. 40. 05. 24. 15. 56 15. 20. 00. 03. 17. 20. 54 5 11. 29. 47. 28 4 010 10. 00. 05. 47. 06. 23. 25. 50 03. 06. 41. 46 00. 04. 09. 28 00. 08. 07. 30 07. 03. 24. 03 01. 14. 35. 50 05. 04. 58. 13 09. 03. 46. 23 02. 05. 24. 10 08. 29. 06. 19 07. 27. 36. 01 02. 03. 31. 27 May 28 04. 25. 52. 33 20 05. 00. 06. 23 16. 29. 18 07. 50. 14 ha  212 05. 10 02. 05. 24. 30 01. 22. 21 42 20 Med 000 01. 29. 44. 06 02. 00. 35. 03 08. 14. 6. 1 01. 25. 40. 53 Apog 02. 05. 24. 30 Apog 08. 14. 06. 1 00. 14. 00. Anom 11. 24. 19. 36 Anom 05. 16. 29. 03 08. 14. 20. 01 01. 25. 55. 00 00. 11. 08. 02. 44 02. 00. 37. 47 00.24.30.44 Med mot 02. 00. 37. 47 001. 56. 45 Loc ☉ 01. 29. 55. 14 An. Arg 00. 00. 42. 33 01. 28. 41. 02 01. 28. 51 01. 29. 08. 56

<108v>

In the kingdom of Athens, after the Trojan war reigned Demophon Oxyetes Thymætes, Melanthus, Codrus wch at at {sic} 18 years apiece take up 90 years. Then followed {illeg} twelve Archonites Archons during life. Elective

306. 376/ In the kingdom of Athens the 17 kings wch reigned next after the Trojan war might tot reigne about 16 years apiece one wth another \in all about 272 years/ {and} the 8 decennial Archons might reign about 60 years some of them dying in the middle during before the expiration of their ten years. And the Annual Archons might succeed them in the time of the second Messenian war An. Olymp. 50.

85,1360 10880 680 1 Ao 11560 0 1440 11920 7482) 448920 .(14767. 304) 144900 121600 23320 21280 2040 1824 216 00 1335, 86000 ( 86000 25880 15480 5160 11696 0 0 00 20,6420 5,1605 825700 77,4100 1dig = 99056 ped= 112dig = 99056 dig= 82∟570 ped 2752 79∟818 880 0 0

[Editorial Note 43]

|to| Crœsus. \And/ who|e| \reigned 14 y &/ began his reign about 28 years before the death of Cyrus. Count backwards 80 years for the \reigns of the/ four preceding reigns of the kings of Sparta, to ye end of ye second \first/ Messenian war & 190 years more{illeg} to ye return of the Heraclides: & this return will bee about 298 \or in round numbers 300/ years before the death of Cyrus. Subduct the years of the Olympiads & there will remain about 51 {illeg} years between the return of Heraclides & the first Olympiad. Whereas the followers of Ephorus place the return of Heraclides \{illeg} to/ abou 32{illeg}6 years before the first |Ol| & 562 \573 573/ years before the death of Cyrus \& 326 years before the first Olympiad/, wch is {illeg} 275 years too early And this is the fundamental error of the artificial Chronology of the Greeks.

After the Trojan war & coming of Æneas into Italy there were 14 Kings of Alba to the founding of Rome & seven of Rome to the the {sic} beginning of the Consuls. The 14 at 20 years a piece might take up 280 years & the seven at about 12 or 13 years a piece for six of them wch were either slain or deposed & 20 or 25 years for ye seventh might take up about an hundred years more & so place the Trojan war \death of Æneas/ about 380 years before the consulship of first consuls of Rome & the Trojan war 387 years before them

<109r>

To Sr Isaac Newton Master and Worker of her Majties Mint In the Tower of London These

Eandem Newtonus sic assignobi{illeg} assignat, y= 2x xx + ox 2x xx {illeg}el y{illeg} vel \sic/ y = 2x xx + ox 2x xx . Ubi {illeg} pro x scribi potest epa{illeg}uch amitas si x fluit uniformiter vel symbolum quadquan qua fluxis {illeg} inæquabilis ipsius x designatur et omitti potest coefficiens o. & {illeg} & \insuper/ pro x vel sic y= 2x xx + ox 2x xx scribi potest unitas si \modo/ x fluat uniformiter. Hæc æquatio Newtono est y= 2x xx + ox 2x xx , vel y= 2x xx + ox 2x xx . Ubi cof|e|fficiens o omitti potest & insuper pro x scribi potest unitas si modo x fluat uniformiter.

Sent people|d| into several Provin Samaria wth captives brought from several parts of Assyria, the Dinaites, the Apharsathchites, the Tarpelites, the Apharsites the Archevites the Babylonians the Susanchites, the Dehavites & the Elamites (Ezra IV.2, 9) & therefore reigned over all these nations. In the year of Nabonassar 68 he began to reign \immediately/ over Babylon. immediat He invaded Iudea

Asser-haddon seems to be the \{wealthy}/ Sardanapalus & the ancients \of Herodotus/ the name being taken derived from Asser-haddon-pul. He seems to be \the/ Sardanapalus who reigned over Media till the Medes \& Babylonia till those nations/ under Arbaces \&       {illeg}/ revolted. Clearchus saith that he died of old age after he had lost his dominion over Syria. Others [say that he was the son of Anacyndaraxis or Anabaxaris (I suppose \perhaps/ they mean Sennacherib) & that he built Tarsus & Anchiale in one day. Others tell us of two Sardanapaluses, the \first/ stout & valiant the last effeminate

Asserhaddon seems to be the Sardanapalus who reigned over Media & Babylonia till those nations revolted, the name being derived from Asser-haddon-pull. Clearchus saith that he died of old age after he had lost his dominion over Syria. Herodotus represents that the Medes revolted first & by force of arms defended their liberty & gave occasion to other nations to revolt. And that \Dejoces not/ long after Dejoces was elected king (according to Herodotus & {illeg} built Ecbatane. The reign of Asserhadon over Babylon ceased Anno \in the year of/ Nabonassar {illeg}|8|1 & by the revolt of the Babylonians \& western nations {illeg}/ Manasses was set at liberty to home return home & fortified Ierusalem. And the Egyptians also (after the Assyrians had reigned three years over them, Isa 20.3, 4) were set at liberty & created twelve – – – Nechao.

After the revolt of the \Medes &/ Babylonians from Asserhaddon, the kings who reigned at Babylon were – – & those at Ecbatane Dejoces – – – But the series of the kings who reigned at Nineveh I do not find recorded. One of them seems to be that Nebuchadnezzar who is mentioned in the book of Iudeth, for the history of that king suits with those times.

T &

Ctesias represents that the luxurious & effeminate life \of Sadanapalus {sic}/ gave occasion to the Medes to revolt under the conduct of Arbaces. His old age might also promote the revolting of the nations. He is said to be the son of Anacyndaraxis or Anabaxaris, (I suppose \perhaps/ they mean Sennacherib) & to have built Tarsus & Anchiale in one day. After him reigned at Babylon – –

The last king of Assyria is called Saracus by

<109v>

Anno Leibnitius ipse ubi p

Idem fecerunt D. Barrow in ejus Lect. 10, Anno 1669 impressa & I. Gregorius Chap in ejus Geometria parte universali Prop. 7, {illeg} impressa anno 1668 {illeg} impressa, idqꝫ

Idem \Hoc idem/ fecit D. Barrow \per differentias Ordinatarum/ in ejus Lect 10, Anno 1669 impressa \idqꝫ methodo consimili/ ut et D. Gregorius in ejus Gemoetria universali Prop. 7 anno 1668 impressa, \Prop. 7/ {illeg} math {illeg} Idem D. Leibnitius facere potuisset jam a multo tempore. Sed inversa tangentium Problemata & alia similia per {illeg} differentias Ordinatarum {illeg} \tractare/ æquationes defferentiales \& aliarum linecum/ tractare jam a multo {illeg} anno superiore tractare jam {illeg} \aut/ ad æquationes differentiales {illeg} \aut/ & \&/ Quadraturas reducere anno jam anno superiore minime dedicerat \{illeg} \{illeg}// /dedicerat\ \novere (vide pag. 65)./ Cum verò a Newtono didicisset Clarissimi Slusij Methodum Tagentium nondum esse absolutam, sed Corollarium esse methodi generalis quæ extenderet se citra molestum ullum calculum ad abstrusiora problematum genera, etiam ad Problemata metho inversa tangentium problemata |&| aliaqꝫ|qꝫ| difficiliora, {illeg} \& quæ/ ad quantitates surdas et Curvas Mechanicas minime hæreret: cœpite D jam \is/ methodum Tangentium per differentias Ordinatarum \ab alijs traditam/ {illeg} jam longe generalius tractare, & {illeg} \quam Barrovius aut Gregorius {illeg} antea & ad abstrusiora/ problematum genera applicare & nominare methodum differentialium et indita {illeg} manum in methodum injicere quasi jam a multo tempore methodum \indita methodi differentialis nomine/ quasi nihil \omnino/ a Newtono didicisset, sed Methodum per differentias quantitatum Newtonianæ similem jam a multo tempore longe generalius tractasse {illeg} habuisset & cujus ope Quadraturæ redderentur facilioresret: cœpit is methodum Tangentium per differentias Ordinatarum \ab/ alijs traditam jam longe generalius tractare quam antea & ad abstrusiora problematum genera applicare [{illeg} \verum tamen attamen &/ quasi nihil omnino a Newtono didicisset, prætendit | ere se methodum Newtonianæ similem jam a multo tempore habuisse. {illeg} \Nam Et/ alibi dicit se hoc inventum aliquam nonum is annum prescisse, id est, se ante annum 1675 Problemata methodi tangentium inversæ & alia \id genus/ multa similia ad æquationes \differentiales/ et quadraturas reducere didicisse, ablitus eorum quæ anno superiore contra Newtonum scripserat p. 65 l. 14.]

Hoc fecit\erunt/ Gregorius in \ejus/ Geometria sua universali anno 1668 impressa, {illeg} et Barrovius in Lect 10 anno paulo generalius in ejus Lect 10 anno 1669 impressa, idqꝫ methodo consimili. Hoc Idem facere D. Leibnitius facere potuisset jam a multo tempore. Sed inversa tangentium Problemata – – – – – problematum genera applicare et nominare methodum differentia

[Editorial Note 44]

Minerals some Alkali Gold & running \Mercury/ taken fresh from the mines & circulated together in a due manner may reject some of their mineral feces, & some Alchemists pretend that by this operation they become the Principles of ye great Elixir: for preventing the mischiefs that may be done by \handing about/ this plausible pretence \as a secret/ it has been thought fit to make the same publick.

<110r>

So And Stephanus tells us that this sea was called Erythra from Erythra the Hero, & Strabo that on ye coast of Carmania southward was in ye open sea was the island Tyrrhina in wch was the sepulchre of Erythra being a great heap of earth planted wth palm trees & |yt| Erythra reigned in those parts & left his name to that sea. But Erythra is a Greek word of the same signification wth Edom in Hebrew & red in English, & therefore king Erythra is usually taken for Edom or Esau. & \Certainly/ the red sea, the Iul Erythrean Sea & the sea of Edom are prases {sic} of the same signification & the \inhabitants of that sea or/ people of Edom are by the Greeks called Erythreans & had their name from Edom or Esau, & being driven from that sea by David, & his successors mixed wth ye Phenicians & Greeks & \&/ traded upon the Mediterranean, ffor & \there/ built several cities upon ye coasts of that sea t called Erythrean by the Greeks For Herodotus tells us – – – Gades. Silius l. 19.

Carmania, & therefore the lot of Nimrod fell somewhere among them. But he | inheritance For Nimrod being two generations older then Peleg, flourished at ye dision {sic} of ye Earth into languages| being a mighty hunter & by making war upon wild Beasts inclined to make \being/ enabled \& inclined/ to make war upon men, he was & by the goodness of the soil invited to invade the lands of Senjan \Shinar/ & Assyria, he erected a kingdom there. |And| \And/ T|t|his was \at or/ presently after the division of \the earth & confusion of/ languages: ffor he was two generations older then Peleg in whose days the earth was divided, & the this division & confusion being was made by the hand of God against m in opposition to the designes of men. & Till then they lived together & by conversing with one another the whole earth was of one language & one speech & as they journied together \(suppose in tents)/ they found a plane in the land of Shinar & they dwelt there. And & built the city Babylon & a Tower whose top might reach unto heaven, to make themselves a name & prevent their being scattered abroad upon the face of the earth; that is, they built a tower so hight that it might be seen from all parts or in feeding in seeking for food for themselves & their heards & flocks cattel they might see the same from all parts of the great plane of the land of Shinar & know whether to resort least they should be scattered fom their main body. But God \the Lord/ came down to see the city & tower & said, The people is one & they have all one language; & this they have begun to do: & now nothing will be restrained from them wch they have imagined to do. Go to, let us go down & there confound their language that they may not understand one th anothers speech. So the Lord scattered them abroad from thence upon \the face of/ all ye face of {sic} the earth: & they left off to build the city. That is, by the violence of Nimrod {illeg} they w God forced them to counsel of God they were forced to leave the City Babel & the \fruitful/ land of Shinar to Nimrod & were scattered from thence abroad to seek new seats going in several bodies to several parts of the earth according to their tribes & families, & \{illeg}/ there building new cities \& becoming various nations \tongues/ & langauges,/ ffor the beginning of Nimrod's kingdom was Babel. There he reigned first &in other new cities Erech or Arecca & Acchad or Archad & Calneh in the land of Shinar. And while he seated himself in this land his brethren the other sons of Chus seated themselves in all the coasts of the Persian Gulf & \in/ Arabia {felix} The \other/ sons of Ham went towards Egypt & Canaan & Afric. The sons of Iaphet toward Asia minor & the sons of Sem seated (vizt Elam & Asshur & Arphaxad & Lud & Aram \& his sons/) seated themselves in Persia \Elymais/ & Assyria & Araphachitis above Assyria & Syria Mesopotamia Syria & Armenia. But Nimrod invaded Assyria & there built Nineve & Rehoboth & Calah the metropolis of Calachene & Resen (le Resen, Larissam) betwen {sic} Nineveh & Calah. And hence Ninev Assyria is called the land of Nimrod the same being peopled as well by Nimrod as by Asshur.

<111r>

For before the days of Peleg the grandfather of Serug the whole earth was of one language & of one speech, & as they journeyed from the east (suppose in Tents) they found a plane in the land of Shinar & they dwelt there & built made bricks & built the city Baby|e|lon with its tower to make to themselves a name least they should be scattered abroad upon the face of the whole earth (Gen 10.25 & 11.1, 2, 3, 4.) that is the sons of Noah hitherto lived together as one society of & \one/ body po politick & by conversing together and spake had but one language & built the city Baby|e|lon with its tower as the seat \& habitation/ of their society from which they would not wander, & there also \they/ built a high Tower whose top might reach unto the heavens that while they wandred in the fields seeking for food for them selves & their cattel they might know wh see the tower from all parts & thereby know whether to resort.

And while they thus lived together \or were but newly divided/ Nimrod the grandson of Noah being two generations older then Peleg, became their king began to be a mighty one in the earth, Gen 10.8 that is he became their king \began to reign over them/. ffor he was a mighty hunter before the Lord \& by conquering wild beasts became able to conquer men/ & by showing his valour & purging the land from various wild beasts gained their affections of the people & became their king \being strengthened by his fellow hunters/ And the beginning of his kingdom was Babel (the city wch they \first/ built for the seat of their society) & Erech or Arecca & Accad \or Archad/ & Calneh, cities \built afterwards/ in the land of Shinar & when he had buil men began to spread abroad upon the face of the earth. And when he had built these cities he went out of the land of Shinar into Assyria & built the cities Nineveh & Rehoboth & Calah (the metropolis of Calacene) & Resen (Le le Resen, Larissam) between Calah a great city between Nineveh & Calah. Thus makind began to spread upon the face of ye earth & after the build|ing| cities in such places as were ferti well watered & fertil. And after the death of Nimrod his sons & grandsons & other such others as \other/ great men shar reigning in the under him in ye several cities wch he had built been shared his kingdom among them becoming absolute inherited the cities in which they reigned. much after the manner that the sons o it being the custom in the first ages for all ye children to share the fathers territories as we explained above. And this division of his kingdom \might/ give a beginning to the variety of languages mankind from thence forward spreading more &more upon the face of the earth & remote kingdoms for want of conversing with \conversation varying from/ one another {illeg} in their modes of speaking.

<112r>

As the first kings of the Greeks who founded or greatly enlarged their cities & kingdoms were honoured after death as be by their friends successors & friends as benefactors & had Tem \stately/ sepulchres erected to them in the form of T magnificent houses or Temples with their statues over their graves or tumbs to represent them & Altars & Priests to perform pious ceremonies anually & sometimes \monthly weekly or/ daily upon them \Alars {sic}/ for perpetuating their memory; all wch gave a beginning to the Idolatrous religion of the Nations of Greece: so it is to be conceived that the Idolatry of the Egyptians, Phenicians Syrians & \Phœnicians/ Assyrians \& Chaldeans/ had its rise from the \like/ honour paid \after death/ to the first kings of founders of the cities & kingdoms of those \of/ \in those/ countries by their \friends &/ successors after their & friends at their sepulchers after death of those countries; & by consequence that the building of towns began in those countries scarce above three or four generations \a little/ before the rise of idolatry & scarce \but not much/ above three or four generations before. And by consequence, since And therefore since {illeg} the ancestors the Chaldeans were idolaters before the days of Abraham & drove out Abraham because he would not worship their Gods (Iosh. 24.2. Iudith. 5.6, 7) & since Laban the grandson of Nahor the brother of Nahor \Abraham/ worshipped images (Gen 31.30) & his Nahor was an \& his father Terah were/ Idolaters (Ios. 24.2) & Terah, according to the Iews, made Images or statues of Earth {illeg} & proposed them to be worshipped as Gods (               ) that {illeg} is, to be set up in the Temples over the Tumbs of the dead where the people worshipped them. Some say that Idolatry began in the days of Serug the grandfather of Terah.                     \Whence the building of cities & erecting of Kingdoms might begin two or three generations before/ For In the days of Eber \Peleg/ the grandfather of Terah Serug the earth was divided, & therefore the city Babel & the T its Tower was built in the days of Eber the father of Peleg & gra great grandson of Sem \& scattered abroad/ that is separated into several kin nations languages & kingdoms, each of wch & began to build several cities, having in the days of his father Eber \the people having before this division/ built Babel & its tower for their common seat before they became brake \before they became divided/ into more kingdoms then t languages & kingdoms then one \& by that means having learnt the manner of building cities/.

By this recconing h mankind began to be scattered over the face of the earth & build cities \in several places of N/ almost two hundred years before the birth of Abraham. At that time the thirteen sons of Ioctan the brother of Peleg began to dwell from Mesha as thou goest unto Sephar a mountain of ye east ({illeg} Gen. 10.26) {illeg} wch is to be understood of their dwelling their several \in/ cities. And at that time also Nimrod seems to have erected a kingdom at Babel supose by conquering the kingdom wch \built Baby|e|lon for a Metropolis &/ reigned there till the division of languages. For he reigned first over Babel & Erech & Accad & Calneh in ye principal cities in the land of Calneh & Shinar, & went into Assyria & there built Nineveh & Rehoboth & Calah & Rhesen principal cities of Assyria{illeg}, & therefore he \reigned/ presently after the division of languages \the kingdom of/ Babel into various \cities nations &/ languages.

<112Ar>

for sacred uses she was bound to accept it & follow the stranger. And she yt is chosen first {derides} her neighbours as her {worthy} It was the custome {illeg} of the Babylonians to let their daughters to strangers for money & of their weomen to strip themselves by degrees in feasting & drinking wth ye men till they became stark naked

Chap. 4.
|Of| The {sic} {reign} \Empire/ of the Medes & Persians.

Æschylus who flourished in ye reigns of Darius Hystaspis & Xerxis \is thus to \{begins}// reccon|s|ing the kings of this \Medo-Persian/ Monarchy down to in order to Xerxes begins with the Medes \in this manner/

Μηδος γὰρ {illeg} ἠν ὁ πρωτος ἡγημὼν στρατου.

Τὸ δε ἄστυ Σούσων ἐξηκείνὼσε πεσόν.

Ἄλλος δε ἐκείνου παις τὸ δ᾽ ἔργον ἤνυσε.

Τρίτος δ᾽ ἀπ᾽ ἀυτου Κυρος, ερδαίμων ἀνήρ. &c

He yt first led ye army was a Mede

He emptied ye falling city of Susa

The next who was his son finished ye work

The third from him was Cyrus a happy man.

The Poet leaves out in recconing the Kings of the \Medo-/ Persians \{illeg}/ \here/ omits Dejoces who was king only of ye Medes & begins wth Phraortes ye first King of ye Medo- \{Phraortes king of} \Medes & Persians & founder of that Empire.// Persians. {sic} Empire being making \After Phraortes begins \{illeg}/ \by conquest became King of/ the Persians he {illeg}|made| a/ war upon ye Assyrians \empire &/ took Susa from them & his son Cy-axeres finished the work by destroying Nineveh \finished the work wch his father had begun. The Poet omits/ T He is the first from Phraortes, the second {illeg} who was Astyages ye Poet {illeg} omits |Astyages {illeg}|a| slothfull Prince the second from Phraortes \or his son/ is omitted by ye Poet & Cyrus is named {illeg} the third, a happy man for his great successes.| & names Cyrus for the third from Cyrus

After the fall of {illeg} Nineveh, Cyaxares \who reigned 40 years/ made war upon Alyattes king of Lydia five years \together in ye end of his reign/ wth various fortune & in ye sixt year {illeg} \of ye war/ & 38th of Cyaxes Anno Nabonass 14|5|1 upon a total Eclips of ye Sun wch was predicted by Thales & happened in ye middle of a battel |(Iul. 9. anno Iul. Per. 4117) \almost/ 38 years {after ye} reign of Cyrus| they |they {sic}| parted & made peace. {illeg} \[128]Tully, Pliny, Eusebius & Solinus/ place this battel & eclips in ye reign of Astyages & its probable that Cyaxares began the war & Astyages being a less warlike \pecefull/ Prince ended it by a treaty \in the beginning of his reign/. |According to this recconing Astyages reigned 38 years or above \& was from {illeg}/. Eusebius & Syncellus make his reign 38 years & a Canon published among the Isagogical Canons published by Scaliger makes it 46.|

Astyages married his daughter Mandane to Cambyses a Persian & of them was born Cyrus who solliciting the Persians to a defection & overco|a|ming|e| Cyaxeres obteined the crown \Astyages/ succeeded him \in the Medo {illeg} /Persian\ Kingdom/ & gained the crown set the Persians above the Medes. |He founded no new kingdom but only by a civil war set the Province of the Persians above that Mede of the Medes. And therefore well does Æschylus reccon Phraortes the founder of this Monarchy.|

Not long after he made the \Cyrus/ overcame also Crœsus king of ye Lydians whose reig \& thereby became Lord of all Asia Minor. [129]For Crœsus/ reigned at Sardes over all Asia Minor on this side the river Halys except ye Cilicians & Lycians, & thereby \& his kingdom was rich & flourishing as well as large./

\Cyrus/ Afterwards {sic} in ye 21th \and beginning of ye 22th/ year of his reign \{illeg} invaded Babylonia & the next year/ hee took Babylon & {sic} put an end to ye Assyrian Monarchy & thenceforward reigned \almost/ nine years {illeg} over all Asy|i|a: Xenophon says but seven years.

Then \And/ his son Cambyses succeeding him|s| \father Cyrus/ conquered Egypt & reduced it into a Province. And now this kingdom was arrived to its greatness.

Daniel represents this kingdom by the silver breast & arms of ye Image the branches of \two/ arms denoting the Media & Persia. He represents it also by a Bear wch raised it \self/ up on one side: the kingdom of Persia rising up after that of Media. He The three ribs wch this Bear held in his mouth <112Av> are Sardes Babylon & Memphys the three fortifie strong imperial cities of the {illeg} Kingdoms of {illeg} \the/ Lydians Assyrians & {illeg} Egyptians. He holds them in his mouth \between his teeth as if he were eating them/ to signify that they are \conquered nations/ distinct from his \own original/ body. & he is bid to arise & eat much flesh to signify the largeness of his conquests & of the riches he should draw from them.

Daniel signifies this kingdom also {illeg} by a Ram wth two horns the fi one of wch was higher then the other \(the Persian then the Medic)/ & {illeg} came up after it. \last./ & saith that this Ram wth ye two horns are ye \Kings (that is/ kingdoms) of Media & Persia, & that ye Ram pusht westward & northward & southward so that no Beast could stand before him. For the Medes & Persians carried on their \wars &/ conquests into those quarters by invading Assyria & Asia Minor & Egypt & Greece.

The Iews know nothing more of the Babylonian & Per Medo-Persian Monarchies then they what they have out of ye sacred books of ye old Testamt & therefor own no more Kings nor years of Kings then they can find in those books. The Kings they reccon are only Nebuchadnezzar Evil Merodach, Belshazzar, Darius the Med{e} Cyrus Ahasuerus & Darius ye Persian This Darius they reccon to be the Artaxerxes in whose reign Ezra & Nehemiah came to Ierusalem accounting Artaxerxes a common name of the Persian Kings. Nebuchadnezzar they say reigned 45 years (2 King 25, 27 Ier 25.1) Belshazar three (Dan 8).1) & therefore Evilmerodach 23 to make up 70 the 70 years captivity excluding ye first year of Nebuchadnezzar in wch ye Prophesy \of the 70 years/ was given. To this Darius they assigne one year or at most but two (Dan 9.1) to Cyrus 3 years incomplete (Dan. 10.1) to Ahasuerus 12 years till ye casting of Pur (Est. 3.7) one year more till ye Iews smote their enemies (ch. 9.1) & one year more till Esther & Mordecai wrote ye 2d letter for ye keeping of Purim (ch 9.29) in all 14 years & to Darius they allot 32 or rather 36 years (Nehem 13 6) so that the Persian Empire from ye building of ye second Temple in ye 2d year of Darius flourished according to their recconing only 34 years untill Alexander the great overthrew it. Thus the Iews reccon in their greater Chronicle called Seder Olam Rabbah. Iosephus out of the sacred & other books reccons only these kings of Persia Cyrus Cambyses Darius Hystaspis, Xerxes Ataxerxes Longimanus & Darius; making but one king of Darius Artaxerxes Longimanus Artaxerxes Mnemon & Artaxerxes Ochus & another of Darius Nothus & Darius Codomannus. For supplying the defects of these accounts we must have recourse to ye records of the Greeks. ffor by them its certain \appears/ that the \Medo/ Persian Kings reigned as in the following Table account.

Cyrus bega by the common consent of all Chronologers \ancient & modern/ began his reign in Persia in Spring an 1 Olymp. 55 an. Iul. Per. 4155 in spring & reigned full 30 years & died in Spring an I.P. 4185.

Cambyses reigned 8 years including the seven months reigns of Smerdes the Magician who succeeded him.

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Darius Hystaspis began his reign \in the end of winter or/ spring A.I.P. 4239 4139 reigned 36 years \orderin fought the Greeks at Marathon/ & died in spring An. I.P. 4229. Xerxes reigned almost 21 \In the first year of his reign the Temple was finished/

Xerxes reigned almost 21 years \made war upon the Greeks with a vast army but without success/ & was slain by Artabanus.

Artabanus was slain in reigned 7 seven months & \upon suspicion of treason against Xerxes/ was slain by in autumn by Artaxeres {sic} Longimanus (the son of Xerxes) \an. I.P. 4250/ who reigned 40 years including \either/ the 7 months reign of Artabanus & died in winter in ye end of An. I.P. 4289 or beginning of the year following. Then reigned Xerxis II ye second two months & Sogdian seven months or the nine months reign of his successors. He died in Winter in the or 41 years including both. He died in Winter in ye end of An. I.P. 4289 or beginning of the year following & then reigned Xerxes ye second two months & Sogdian seven.

Darius Nothus began his reign in Autumn an. I.P. 4290 reigned 19 years & died in summer an. I.P. 4309.

Artaxerxes Longimanus reigned 40 years \including the two months reign of Xerxes & seven months reign of Sogdian his successors, &/ died in winter in the end of An. I.P. 4289 or beginning of the year following. Then reigned \And then/ Xerxes ye second two months & Sodian seven months.

Artaxerxes Longimanus reigned forty years including the two months reign of Xerxes & seven months reign of Sogdian his successors or forty & one years including the also ye reign of Artabanus, & died in winter in ye end of I an. I.P. 4289 or beginning of ye year following. |In ye 7th year of his reign he sent Ezra to restore ye worship & polity of the Iews & in ye 20th year hs sent Nehemiah to build the walls of Ierusalem.|

Darius Nothus began his reign in autumn an I.P. 4290 reigned 19 years & died in summer an I.P. 4309 An. 4 Olymp 4

Then reigned Artaxerxes Mnemon about 43 years, Artaxerxes Ochus about 23 years, Arses between 3 & 4 years & Darius Nothus almost 5 years unto ye battel of Arbela whereby the Persian Monarchy \beca was tr/ fell, Kal. Oct. an I.P. 4383 was translated to ye Greeks Oct 2 An. I.P 4383. But Darius was not slain till a year & some months after. Whence Africanus reccons that this Monarchy stood 230 years & Agathias 228 that is from the {illeg} beginning of ye reign of Cyrus.

The years of Cambyses & Darius Hystaspis are fully determined by three eclipses observed at Babylon & recorded by Ptolomy. Those of Xerxes by the battel at Marathon four years & some months before the death of Darius & by the passage of Xerxes over ye Hellespont to invade Greece in the beginning of his sixt year in the time of the Olympic games \an 1 Olymp. 75/: T|t|hose of Artaxerxes Longimanus by ye coincidence of his twentith {sic} year wth ye 4th year of ye 83d Olympiad as Africanus informs us & by the news of his death coming to Athens in winter in ye seventh year of the Peloponnesian war as Thucydides a writer of those times has recorded: those of Darius Nothus by the coincidence of his 13th year or some part thereof in winter with the 20th year of the Peloponnesian war as Thy|u|cydides has also set down & by his death a little after ye end of that war in the same Olympic year as Diodorus informs us. For ye war began in April an. 1 Olymp 87 lasted 27 years & ended Apr 14 an 4 Olymp. 93, as all chronologers agree. These things are so well determined by Eclipses & Olympic games & other records of good credit that & so far agreed <113v> upon by chronologers that I do not think it material to enter into any dispute about them. But the history of the Iews in the time of this Monarchy wants some illu set down in the Books of Ezra & Nehemiah wants some illustration. And first I shall state ye history of the Iews under Zerubbabel in the reign of Cyrus Cambyses & Darius Hystaspis.

This History as conteined partly in the three first chapters of the book of Ezra & first five verses of the fourth &c – –

Darius began his reign in spring An I.P. 4193 & reigned 36 years by ye unanimous consent of all Chronologers. In ye 2d year of his reign ye Iews return began to build ye temple by ye prophesying of Haggai & Zeh {sic}. & finished it in the sixt year. In October an. I.P. 4224 Darius fought ye Greeks at Marathon in Octob an. I.P. 4224 \ten years before ye battel of Salamis/ & died in ye 5t year following. |The years of Cambyses & Darius are determined by three Xerxes was eclipses of ye Moon so that they cannot be disputed, & by those eclipses & ye Prohesies of Hag. & Zech compared together its manifest that his years began after ye 24th day of ye 11th Iewish month & \before/ the 25t day of April {illeg} & by consequence in March or April.|

Xerxes spent ye first five years of his reign & something more in preparations for his expedition against the Greeks & this expedition was in ye time of ye Olympic games an 1 Olymp 75 Calliade Athenis Archonte [28 years after ye Regifuge & Consulship of ye first Consul Iunius Brut ann] as all Chronologers agree. The passage of his army {illeg} over the Hellespont began in ye end of ye 4th year of ye 74th Olympiad (yt is in Iune an I.P. 4234 & took up as month & in autumn after 3 months more \die Munichionis 16 Plenilunio/ was the battel at Salamis & a little after that an Eclips of ye Moon wch by the calculation fell on Octob. 2. His first year therefore began in spring an I.P. 4229. {as above.} He reigned almost 21 years by ye common consent of all writers [& died toward to his reign agrees the story of Hester & Mordecay.] & was succeeded by Ar

Artabanus reigned seven months & upon suspicion of treason against Xerxes was slain in autumn by Artaxerxes Longimanus the son of Xerxes an. I.P. 4250. He & Artaxerxes Xerxes together reigned some months above 21 years & by consequence he was slain \an I.P. 4250/ in ye autumnal half year an I.P. 4

Artaxerxes reigned – – – – year following, & therefore began \his reign/ in Autumn an I.P. 4250

I have now stated the history of the Iews in the reign of Cyrus Cambyses & Darius Hystaspis. It remains that I state their history in the reigns of Xerxes & Artaxerxes Longimanus. For I place the histories of Ezra & Nehemiah

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Chap. 1.
Of the uncertainty of the ancient chronology of the ancient Greeks.
|Of| The {sic} Lunisolar year originaly in use amongst all nations. To the twelve calendar months of this year the Egyptians of Thebais added five days

Chap. 1.
The uncertainty of the ancient Chrol|n|ology of the ancient Greeks. It was collected in the times of Persian empire by putting th from the number of reigning the ancient cities of in duration of the ancient kingdoms of Greece & that duration was collected from the number of kings reigning therein by putting their reigns equipollent to generations, & allowing about an hundred or 120 years to three generations one with another.

<115v>

14d − 11′ pr an. {illeg} 100d − 4400s in 400 years. 90d − 3960′ in 360 years. 3960′ = 66 hours = 3d − 6′ 4d − 64′ in 16 years. 376 years

[Editorial Note 45]
538
1.131.
2.262
3.393
4.524
5.655
6.786
7.917
8.1048
9.1179
10.1310
11.1441.
12.1572.
13.1703.
14.1834
15.1965
16.2096
17.2227
18.2358
19.2489
20.2620
21.2751
22.2882
23.3013
24.3144
25.3275
26.3406
27.3585|7|
28.3668
29371|9|
303930

Troy was taken about 80 years before the return of the Heraclides into Peloponnesus, & by consequence about 131 years before the first Olympiad{illeg}, or 75 years after the death of Solomon; And the Argonautic expedition being one generation earlier was about 43 years after the death of that king: as was collected above by arguments taken from Astronomy. And this recconing will be still \further/ confirmed when it shall appear that Sesostris was Sesach & invaded Greece one generation before the Argonautic expedition & returned out of Greece in|to| Egypt in the 14th year of Rehoboam; & that Danaus upon his arrival first coming into Egypt Danaus immediately fled from him into Greece with his 50 daughters & became king of Argos about one generation before the Argonautic expedition; & that Memnon who reigned in the time of the Trojan war & built the Memnonia at Susa was Amenophis who reigned in Egypt next after Orus the son of Osiris \Sesostris/; & that Cadmus fled from Sidon in the reign of David. & that the merchants of Tyre were driven from the red sea by the Edomites in the reign of         the son & successor of Iehosaphat king of Israel & then built ships built began long voiages \earlier times/ upon the mediterranean began to navigate the Mediterranean But before we begin to consider these things \proceed to these arguments/, it will be convenient to describe \to {sic} take notice of/ the affaires of Greece which followed the taking of Troy & were contempory {sic} to the things already described.

And the truth of these things will be further confirmed when it shall appear that the Greeks had no chronology before th collected the time of the return of the Heraclides into Peloponesus, from the number of kings reigning in Sparta between |after| that return & their own times by recconing the reigns of kings one wth another \at/ about 35 or 45 years a piece one wth another, wch is much too long for \double to their length by/ the course of nature [kings reigning \(one wth another/ but 18 or 20 years a piece at a medium; & |And they will still be still further confirmed when it shall apear that Sesostris was| that {sic} Sesostris was Sesac & invaded Greece one generation before the Argonauic expedition, & returned out of Greece into Egypt in the 14th year of Rehoboam; & that upon his return \his brother/ Danaus immediately fled from him into Greece with his 50 daughters & there became king of Argos in a long ship wth 50 after the pattern of wch the {illeg} ship Argo was built \by his grandson/; [& that Memnon who reigned in the time of the Trojan war was Amenophis the successor of Orus the son & successor of Sesostris:] & that Cadmus fled from Sidon into Greece in the reign of David. [All these things \& some others/ conspire to fix \the times of/ the Argonautic expedition & the taking of Troy, & th where we have placed them.] And that the distraction of Egypt by the invasion of the Ethiopians & victory of Asa & revolt of Osarsiphus |& insurrection of Osarsiphus| gave occasion to the Argonautic expedition: And that Cadmus fled from Sidon to Greece \upon the taking of Sidon by the Philistims & Edomites/ in the reign of David. [All these things conspire to fix the time of the Argonautic expedition where we have placed it.]

<116r>

Αὑτὰρ ἀπ᾽ ἐυβοίης Κάνθος κίε. Τόν ρα Κάνηθος

Πέμπεν ἀβαντιάδης λελγημένον

[130]Ex Eubœa porro venit Canthus, quem Canethus

Abantis f. amandavat nec invitum.

<117r>

Chap. IV
Of the Babylonian Empire.

After the regions upon Tigris & Euphrates became free from the dominion of Egypt, Babylon \a city built soon after the flood)/ continued for some time under its own kings [one of which was Nabonassar or Nabo-adon-asser. [In his days a body of Egyptians flying from Sabacon carried thither the Egyptian year & founded the Æra in the y \of Naonassar as above/ beginning the years thereof on the same day with the years of Egypt, & set on fo introduced also the Astronom Egyptian practises of Astronomy & Astrology. And in the year of Nabonassar 68, Assarhadon king of Assyria conquered this city & made it the Chaldea & Susiana & captivated the people placing many of them in Samaria & carrying the people of Samaria captive into Assyria. And hence forward he resided for the most part \eith {sic}/ at Babylon & built it more sumptuously according to Isaiah. Behold, saith he, the land of the Chaldeans, this people was not till the Assyrian founded it for them \[the Arabians]/ that dwell in the wilderness: they set up the towers thereof, they raised up the Palaces thereof, & he brought it to ruin.] This king was most probably \of/ an Arabian \family/ set up \over Babylon/ by one of the kings of Assyria \suppose Pul or Tiglathpileser/. ffor Isaiah saith: [131]Behold the land of the Chaldeans, This people was not till the Assyrian founded it for them that dwell in the wilderness They set up the towers thereof they raised up the Palaces thereof, & he brought it to ruin.]

In the days of Nabonassar \And at length reigned Nabonassar in whose days/ a body of Egyptians flying from Sabacon to carried to Babylon the Egyptian year & founded the Æra of this king as above, beginning the years thereof on the smae day with the years of Egypt. [They introduced also the practical Astronomy & judicial Astrology \& divinations/ of the Egyptians & built the Temple of Belus in form of a Pyramid, & appointed a woman to keep it as the Temple of Iupiter Ammon in \at/ Thebes was kept by an \Egyptian/ woman, & freed the Priests from taxes as was done in Egypt.

|And| In {sic} the year of Nabonassar 68 Asserhadon king of Assyria conquered Chaldea & Susiana & captivated the people placing many of them in Samaria & carryin|ed|g the people of Samaria captive into Assyria. And henceforward Chaldea & Susiana became Provinces of Assyria for some time: but at length revolted & in conjunction with the Medes destroyed Nineveh.

By the fall of the Assyrian Empire &c –

<117v>

a104 + b100 + bb 100 + b3 aa + b4 a3 + b5 a4 + b6 a5 + b7 a6 + b8 a7 &c in a ab aa = aa ab ab ab bb ab = 2500. 2000. abb+b3 aa aabb + ab3 + b4 a3 a3bb + aab3 + ab4 + b5 a4 abb + a5b3 + a4b4 + a3b5 + aabb + ab7 + b8 a7 104)10000 (95∟153846 (92∟455621 (88∟899635 (85∟480418 (92∟1927096 (79∟0312592 0000 936 0 255 0 925 0 569 0 228 0 939 00000 640 00 473 00 935 00 499 00 200 00 327 000000 160 000 578 00 1036 000 836 000 964 000 150 0000000 560 0000 584 000 1002 00000 435 0000 281 0000 269 00000000 400 00000 646 0000 936 000000 190 00000 738 00000 616 00000000 312 000000 220 00000 661 0000000 860 000000 10000 000000 960 000000000 880 0000000 120 000000 370 00000000 64 0000000 240 0000000000 480 0000000 580 00000000000 64 104)1000000 (96∟1538461 (92∟455621 (88∟8996355 (85∟4804187 (82∟1927102 (79∟0314521 00000 640 00 255 00 925 00 569 00 228 00 939 000000 160 000 473 000 935 000 499 000 200 0000 327 0000000 560 0000 578 000 1036 0000 836 0000 964 00000 151 00000000 400 00000 584 0000 1002 000000 435 00000 281 000000 470 00000000 312 000000 646 000000 661 0000000 195 000000 738 0000000 542 000000000 880 0000000 221 0000000 370 00000000 910 0000000 107 00000000 220 0000000000 480 00000000 13 00000000 580 000000000 78 000000000 30 000000000 120 00000000000 640 0000000000 6 000000000 60 000000000000 160 104)79∟0314521 (75∟9917809 (73∟0690201 (70∟25867315 0000 623 00 319 00 269 ( 79∟0314521 (75∟9917809 (73∟0690201 (70∟25867317 0000 1031 000 0717 000 610 (0 623 0 319 00 269 000000 954 00000 938 0000 902 (0 1031 000 717 000 610 0000000 185 0000000 209 00000 700 (000 954 0000 938 0000 902 00000000 812 000000000 10 000000 761 (0000 185 000000 209 00000 700 00000000 728 0000000 330 (00000 812 00000000 10 000000 761 000000000 841 00000000 180 (000000 841 0000000 330 0000000000 090 000000000 56 (00000000 900 00000000 180 000000000 760 0 96∟1538461 0 92∟4556212 0 88∟8996355 0 85∟4804187 0 82∟1927102 0 79∟0314521 0 75∟9917809 0 73∟0690201 0 70∟2586732 745∟5331580 2500 0 745∟533158 1756∟466842 × 160000. 1053∟880105 2810∟346947 2810346 li . 18 s . 11 d . 0 0 0 94 0 188 1128

<118r>

105)100000 (95∟238095238 (90∟70294784 (86∟38375985 (82∟27022748 (78∟3525976 00000 550 00 738 0 670 0 238 0 877 000 4 000000 250 0000 309 00 402 00 283 00 370 0000000 400 00000 995 000 879 000 737 000 552 00000000 850 000000 502 0000 394 00000 259 0000 272 000000000 1000 0000000 823 00000 797 000000 498 00000 627 00000000000 55 00000000 888 000000 628 0000000 785 00000 1024 000000000000 25 000000000 48 000000 1034 00000000 500 0000000 798 00000000 890 000000000 80 00000000 630 108)1000000 (95∟238095238 (90∟702941845 (86∟38375985 (82∟27024748 (78∟35261664 00000 550 00 0738 00 670 00 23 00 877 000000 250 000 638 000 402 000 283 000 370 0000000 400 00000 309 0000 879 0000 737 0000 552 00000000 850 000000 995 00000 394 000000 259 00000 274 000000000 100 0000000 502 000000 797 0000000 498 000000 647 00000000000 55 00000000 823 0000000 628 00000000 785 0000000 174 000000000000 25 000000000 888 0000000 1034 000000000 500 00000000 698 0000000000 480 000000000 895 0000000000 80 000000000 680 00000000000 6 0000000000 55 0000000000 5 105)78∟35261664 (74∟62153965 (71∟0681330 (67∟6839362 (64∟4608916. 00000 485 00 112 00 806 00 468 000000 652 0000 715 000 718 000 483 0000000 226 00000 853 0000 881 0000 839 00000000 161 000000 139 00000 413 000000 936 000000000 566 0000000 346 000000 983 0000000 962 0000000000 416 00000000 315 0000000 380 00000000 170 0000000000 1014 00000000 650 000000000 65 000000000000 690 0000000000000 60 105)78∟35261664 (74∟62153965 (71∟0681330 (67∟6439362 (64∟4608916 00000 485 00 112 00 806 00 468 000000 652 0000 717 000 718 000 483 0000000 226 00000 853 0000 881 0000 639 64 00000000 161 000000 139 00000 413 000000 936 128 000000000 566 0000000 346 000000 983 0000000 962 77 0000000000 416 00000000 315 0000000 380 00000000 170 10313742600 0000000000 1014 00000000 650 000000000 65 2062748∟53200 000000000000 690 000000000 20 0000000000000 6 0 95,238095238 0 90,702947845 0 86,38375985 0 82,27024748 0 78,35261664 0 74,62153965 0 71,06813300 0 67,6839362 0 64,4608916 710,78216750 200000 0 7107821675 128921,78325 7735306995 2062748∟5320 2062748 li 10 s 8 d

<118v>

But Astrology was invented in Egypt by Nechepsos one of the kings of the lower Egypt & Petosiris his Priest, a little before the days of Sabacon. And this makes it probable that the Priests of Egypt who fled from Sabacon carried their Astrology with them into Chaldea, & there introduced the Egyptian year & began for the sake of Astrology began to observe the starrs at Babylon as diligently as they had done before in Egypt. And at that time or not long before, the king of Babylon might erect the Temple of Iupiter Belus in the form of the Egyptian Pyramids. For this Temple was a solid tower or Pyramid a furlong square & a furlong high with seven retractions

& Atreus the son of Pelops, & Hercules the son of Alcmena successively & at length Iphitus made them quadrennial.

N = a. b. bb a . b3 aa . b4 a3 +  in  a b = aa b5 a3 00000000000000000 = aa ab . 00 aa b 10 a 8 ab . 00 b10 a8  in  ab . 00 b11 a9  in  ab 160000 6400 000 166400 = A. 0 160000 = b. 160000 11 166400 9 × 6400 = 0000000000 160000 11 166000 × 8000 = 104.100.  /  101.100 a.b. Ai4 4Ai4 10Ai4 Ai3 3Ai3 6Ai3 10Ai3 Aij 2Aij 3Aij 4Aij 5Aij Ai. Ai. Ai. Ai. Ai. Ai  0000 0 Ai4 5Ai4 Ai3. 4Ai3 10Ai3 Ai2. 3Ai2. 6Aij 10Ai2 Ai. 2Ai. 3Ai. 4Ai. 5Ai A. A. A 000000000 I + i = 1∟01. Log. 0.0043213 0.403213 0 806426 2∟7451. 0.4838556 .   3∟0469. 4. 00000000 0.403213 00 800000  per an in 0.03225704 In  27 14  years. 4.435470 00 4032 00 4.439502 00 A = 30000000 i = 200000 34902000  in 30 years A = 15000000 i = 150000 .   I + i  as  1∟01 101.6  Log.  0.0043213 25 12  years. 0 43213 000 43213 30 12  years 000 259278 27492 443964408 17492 34985 0 0 0 40255. Log. 0.00403213 000 30255 403213 0 000 15127 2016065 40255. 00 0.6048195 0 00000 Log.  0.0043213 0 0.43213 00 0.43213 0 086426 0 518556 0 172852 4.5358412 0.43213 0 86426 12964 0.531520 0 34003 0 24003 A = 17500000 i = 175000 0 43213 00 43213 0 86426 4.4839856 30479 0 20479 0 43213 00 153593 43213 0 358387 43213 4.4796643 301765 00 201765 00 151324 00 353089 00 000000 0 34343 0 2∟4343 0 121715 365145 0 0 0 0 33666 23666 11835 9195 35499 0 0.43213 00 86426 000 86446 0.5271986 104.100 000000 00 0.0043213  Log. 1∟01 00 .43213 000 86426 0000 43213 4.5228773 0 0 0 3.3333 2.33333 1.16666 3.5 105,105 5 = 2100. 00 2100. x 105 2205 2100 104,104 4 = 104,26 . 12600 33600. 0 208 2600 0 2100 00 624 2600000 2100000 2704000 156 126 1622404 4160000 3360000 4326400 160000 160000 4000000 3200000

<119r>

892. The Edomites revolt from Iudea & interrupt the navigation of the Iews & Tyrians on the red sea. The Tyrians build ships on the Mediterranean & there begin long voyages to places not yet frequented by the Zidonians And hence came the opinion that the Phenicians came originally from ye red sea.

|890 Dido flys to Carthage \to {sic}/ Afric|.

883 Dido built Carthage & she & Æneas still alive according to Homer \Virgil/

1048 The Edomites are conquered by David. & Their mariners fly from the red sea to the Mediterranean & there begin to build ships & {illeg}

1049 The Phenicians begin to sail as 1045 The after sailing as {sic} far as Greece, carry away Io the daughter of Inachus. |The Greek seas begin to be infested with Pyrates.| Acrisius marries Eurydice the daughter of Lacedemon & {Eparta}

1044 The Syrians of Zoba & Damascus are conquered by David. The Phenicians begin to sail as far as Greece

1042 Nyctimus the son of Lycaon reigns. Deucalion still alive. The king of Ascalon assisted by the Edomites, takes Sidon & makes the Sidonians under the conduct of Cadmus, Cilix, Phœnix, <119v> Membliarius, Nicteus Tharus, Atymnus & other captains \fly/ to Tyre, Aradus, Cilicia, Phrygia Crete Greece & Lybia with letters music Poetry – & Idæi Dactyli. Abibalus now made king of Tyre.

714. Sennacherib besieges Pelusiū & is put to flight by by {sic} Sethon (perhaps Sabaton king of Egypt & Tirhakah (his son) who came down with an army from Ethiopia

700 Tirhakah king of Egypt & Ethiopia

Romulus 14. Numa 354

628 Romulus. 614 Numa.

578 Tullus Hostilius.

Mr Christian Wegensloy Merchant in Marine Square by yeDanish Church

<120r>

by the name of Vulcan. ffor Vulcan was most celebrated in Egypt & is by Homer called a king, the \first/ King of Lemnus & Cyprus And these are further instances of De deifying men \& weomen/ & weomen in Syria & & the parts adjacent.

So also in Greece {illeg} between the days of Cadmus & the Argonautick expedition when cities were first built \there/ & began to grow into kingdoms, the Geeks {sic} deified their kings & Heroes & erected sepulchres or Temples to them wth \colleges of Priests/ Priests {sic} consecrated for their worship. Such was the Temple \deifying/ of Ceres a woman of Sicily who taught the Greeks to sow corn in the reign of Erechtheus king of Athens & soon after his death had a {Temple} erected to her in Eleusine where the family of Eumolpus became her Priests

ffor Vulcan was most celebrated in Ægypt the husband of Venus & by consequence king of Cyprus. Homer calls him a king, meaning king of Lemnus. He was most celebrated \chiefly/ \by the Egyptians/ for assisting their kings with armour. Th Ad They built a {illeg} very magnificent Temple to him at Memphys & \by it/ another to his Venus. by it And this was done {illeg} in the reign of Amenophis about the times of the Trojan wars or soon after.

<121r>

1497 The Midianites & Edomites on the borders of the red sea had letters & Astronomy Iob.

1450. The Canaanites who fled from Ioshua go in great numbers into Ægypt & some stay there others go thence into Libya & Afric.

1445 The Canaaintes {sic} who stay in Egypt conquer Thammuz king of the lower Egypt thereof, & reducing all the lower Egypt into subjection as far as Heliopolis & Mesir reig reign at S erect a kingdom at Pelusium \Aevaris,/ Abaris or Pelusium. where they Their first six kings were Salatis Bæon Apachnas, Apophis, Ianias, Assis.

1120 Mephres a king reigning in the upper parts of Egypt takes Heliopolis from the Shepherds

110{illeg}|5| Misph{illeg}|r|agmuthosis makes \a lasting/ warr uppon the shepherds & drives them out of the greatest part of Egypt. \They fly into Palestine, Idumæa, Syria & Libya, & under Lelex Æzeus, Inachus, Pelasgus, & Æolus {illeg} & other captains into Greece/ They \rest/ shut themselves up in a part of the lower Egypt called Abaris

1100 The Philistims stregthned by the access of the shepherds conquer Israel & take the Ark. Samuel judges Israel.

<122r>
Anni
ante
Christum
1497Moses populum ducit ex Ægypto
1458Timaus vel Tammuz regnat in Ægypto inferiore
1451Ioshua victis Canaanæis Terram dvidit inter Tribus decem undecim Canaanæi fugientes invadunt Ægyptum inferiorem & regnum Pastorum ibi condunt.
1141Eli judicat Israelem
1115Ægyptij \pastores a Thebanis fugat/ sub Cecrope, Lelege, Æzeo, Inacho, Pelasgo, Æolo primo \& Cecrope/ &c in re domo Græciam veniunt &c domos omnium primas ibi construunt Antea Cimmerij Nomades a tergo maris Euxini in Europam venen{tes} Scytharum more sine domibus viventes.
1101Samuel judicat Israelem
108|9|1Lycaon Lycosuram, Phoroneus Phoronicum, Ægialeus Ægialeam, Phegeus Phegeam oppida omnium in Peloponneso antiquissima condunt. Antea domus per agros spargebantur. |Sub idem tempus Cecrops Cecropiam ædificavit. Et hæc oppida initium dederunt regnis Atheniensium, Areorum, Sicyonorum|
1071Saul regnat in Israele Amosis Pastores ex Abari in Palæstinam fugat..
10
1061Davit {sic} regnat.
1051Idumæi a Davide victi. Phœnices a mari rubro fugientes littora maris Mediterranei incolunt & ad Græciam usqꝫ mox navigant. Io rapitur. Tyrus conditur a Sidonijs. Abibalus ibi regnat.
1043Europa \rapitur &/ {illeg} & alij Phœnices in Creta veniunt
1042\{Europa rapitur &}/ Phœnices sub Cadmo Cilice Phœnice Thaso \Membliano Atymno/ & alijs ducibus \a Davide fugientes/ in Asiam minorem \Cretam/ & Græciam veniunt, & literas aliasqꝫ Phœnicum artes & scientias introducunt.
1040\Orcus Molossorum rex Proserpinam rapit Cereris, fæminæ siculæ filiam rapit./ Ceres venit in Atticam et fruges serere mox docet. |Erechtheus regnat in {Attica}|
1032Ammon regnat in Ægypto.. Hic naves longas et proceras cum velis primus construxit. Antea ratibus navigabatur in mari rubro inventis. Ægyptijs astra observare incipiunt navigandi gratia. Vnde nata est Astronomia.
1026Nicteus et A|E|paphus vel Apis \Phoronei filius/ cæsi. Amphion & Zetus nati.
1021Solomon regnat…
1020Arcas filius Callistûs & Eumeles rex primus Achaiæ frumentum accipiunt a Triptolemo.
1017Templum fundatur a Solomone. Ferrum in Monte Ida \Creta/ ab Idæis Dactylis repertum.
1015Musæus canit raptum Proserpinæ
1014Eumolpus, mortua Cerere, Mysteria exhibet in Eleusine & patris Musæi poemata edit. Templa primum condita in Græcia.
1012Cecrops II regnat in Attica. Caucon Mysteria Cereris docet in Messene.
1011Pandion \Cecropis frater/ regnat in Attica. Pelops venit in Peloponnesu{illeg}|m|.
1010Car Phoronei filius templum erigit Cereri. Mino
1009Minos regnat in Atticam per Creta pulso patre Latinorum Saturno. Ferrum in{ventum} in Monte Ida per Idæos Dactylos repertum
100{illeg}|2|Ferro per Idæi Dactylos in monte Ida reperto, Minos classem parat & Colonias ad minores Græcorum insulas mittit, antea non inhabitatas. Peloponnes Peleponnesi veniunt
998Sesac regnat in Ægypto & patri Ammoni Templa et Oracula per in Thebaide Ammonia et Æthiopia condit.
996Thebaide Ammonia et Æthiopia condit. /Cœpheus Ioppam tenet. Perseus ejus filiam Andromedam rapit.\
994Ægeus regnat in Attica
1002Concilium Amphictioneum fundatur ab Acrisio. –
990Dædalus et Talus Serram, tornum, dolabram et alia fabrorum lignamorum instrumenta inveniunt. Dædalus statuas pedibus disjunctis efformat.
985Oraculos conduntur in Græcia, & cultus mortuorum \mox/ passim introducitur.
981Rehoboam regnat.
977|6|Sesac a Græcis Sesostris dictus Syriam Persiam Indiam invadit
97{illeg}|2|Theseus regnat victo Minotauro.
970Sesac transito Hellesponto {illeg} Thraciam occupat. Hercules natus
968Sesac a Græcis et Scythis victus regreditur per Syriam in Ægyptum, & relinquit Amazones sub Mar{illeg}\thesia/ et Lampente ad fluvium Thermodo \seu/ Caduca
<123r>
sub Æete ad Colchos, & alios Ægyptios sub Prometheo ad Caucasum montem reliquit. Tabulas etiam Geographicas reliquit in Colcho: et inde nata est Geographia. Phryxus & Helle fugiunt per mare
96{8}|{7}|Sesac distribuit Ægyptum in nomos, conditis Nomorum templis & constitutis Dijs Oraculis et religionibus. Distribuit etiam agros Ægypti inter milites, et inde nata est Geometria. Phyrxus & Helle
967Danaus cum filijs Ægyptum fratrem, id est Sesacum, fugiens, in Græciam venit
958Sesac occiditur. Orus regnat.
948Zerah Æthiops, id est \זרה/ Orus, vincitur ab Asa.
945Orus ab Æthiopibus mergitur in Nilo. Menes seu Amenophis regnat \& Memphim ac Templum Vulcani condit/.
941Theseus \quinquagennius/ Hellenam \decennem/ rapit. |940| Chiron format Signa cœlestia.
939Expeditio Argonautica. \Hercules /Prometheus liberatus\ a monte Caucaso recedit, ab Hercule liberatus/. 936 Hercules Laomedonitem occidit
933Amenophis Iudæos pellit Ægypto. \Priamus regnat in Trojam. 93{illeg}|0| Venatio apri Chaledonij./ 928 Theseus moritur.
926
925\Atreus moritur./ Paris Hellenam rapit. \7|8|90/ Hellus occiditur. 937|0| Hercules & Æsculapius in Dios relati
920|32|Bellum Thebanum. 920 Bellum Epigonorum.
905Troja capta.
896|5|Teucer Salaminem in Cypro condit
890Ramesses vel Rhampsinitus Amenophis filius regnat in Ægypto
882|3|Dido Carthaginem condit
870Moeris regnat in Ægypto. Hic lacum, Moeridis dictum, effodit, & in ejus fundo Pyramides duas lateritias contruxit. Hesiodus floret
865Hesiodus floret.
86|5|6Homerus floret
852Cheops regnat in Ægypto. Hic Pyramidem maximam construxit
845Migratio Ionica 845 Migratio Æolica. Bœotia prius Cadmeis ducta a Bœotis occupata
825Reditus Heraclidarum in Peloponnesum
780Pul regnat in Assyria \fundat Imperium Assyriorum/ Nichepsos & Petosiris Astrologiam excogitant in Ægypto
776Æra Olympiadum. Semiramis floret.
770Migratio Ionica. 760 Semiramis floret. Sanchoniatho scribit.
750Sabacon Æthiops Ægyptum occupat in varia regna divisum. |Ægypti Sacerdotes in Chaldæam fugentes Astronomiam Astrologiam & /annum\ Ægyptiorum annum & {menses} introducent|
747Æra Nabonassaris.
742Tiglathpilaser rex Assyriorum capit Damascum & Syros abducit captivos.
727So vel Sua regnat in Ægypto
723Salmanaser rex Assyriorum Tribus decem in captivitatem abducit.
717Tirhakah regnat in Ægypto
714Asserhadon regnat in \occupat regnat in/ Assyria
708Lycurgus floret
681Asserhadon regnat in \occupat/ Babylonem
674Manasses captivus Babylonem abducitur Iudæis ab Asserhadone victis
672Asserhadon invadit Ægyptum.
671Reges duodecim sub Asserhadone regnant in Ægypto
668Medi, Babylonij, Syri, Phœnices, Ægyptij ab Assyrijs deficiunt, Asserhadon veterum Sardanapalo cæso.
656{illeg} Psammiticus rex Ægypti totius superatis reliquis undecim regibus. Is jam a morte patris regnaverat annos undec quindecim.
< insertion from f 122v >
651
654|5|Bellum primum Messeniacum incipit
650Primus Atheniensium Archon decennalis Charops.
< text from f 123r resumes >
642Scythæ Medos et Assyrios invadunt
628Phidon Argivorum rex floret.
< insertion from f 122v >
{illeg} /597\ \616/Bellum secundum Messeniacum incipit. 604 Roma Condita.
< text from f 123r resumes >
614Psammiticus moritur. Nechaoh regnat in Ægypto. Cyaxeres fugat Scythas.
610Cyaxeres rex Medorum et Nebuchadonosor filius regis Babyloniorum Ninevem evertunt.
608Primus annus Nebuchadonosoris in Phœnicia
|591| 607Cyaxeres bellum infert Aliatti Lydorum regi bellum infert.
< insertion from f 122v >
{illeg}|600|\Primus/ Atheniensium Archon annuus primus Creon
< text from f 123r resumes >
596|7|Persæ a Cyaxere debellati.
588Templum Solomonis inconditur
585 \Maij 28./ 597 585\6h 11h A.M./ Eclipsis Solis a Phalete prædita bellum inter Medos & Lydos dirimit.
< insertion from f 122v >
585\An. Nabonass 163/ Maij 28. {illeg} 6h P.M. Eclipsis Solis a Thalate prædicta, bellum inter Medos & Lydos dirimit.
58|7|8Draco Atheniensium Archon leges tulit[132]
56{illeg}2Solon Legis Atheniensium Archon leges tulit.
554Crœsi et Solonis colloquium. Æsopus floret
552Pisistratus tyran Athenis tyrannidem occupat Archonte Comia.
< text from f 123r resumes >
544Sardes capitur a Cyro.
{illeg} 539Babylon capitur a Cyro
537Cyrus victo Medorum rege Dario imperium transfert ad Persas. Iudæi redeunt a captivitate Babylonica
530Cyprus perit in bello. Cambyses regnat.
<123v>
522Darius Hystaspis filius regnat, Magi occiduntur. Hystaspes et Zoroaster abolitis Provinciarum religionibus diversis, novam Magorum religionē per totum Persarum imperium instituunt.
520Templum secundum ædificatur, jubente Dario.
513Harmodius et Aristogiton Hipparchum interficiunt Pisistrati filium Atheniensium Tyrannum interficiunt.
[Editorial Note 46]

Lacedæmon fil. Eurotæ fil.

<124r>

The {Oriental} historians tell us that {illeg} Lohorasp the fourth king of Persia of the second Dynasty called Kaianides conquered \went/ eastward & conquered {many provinces} of Persia & had warrs with the Kings of Touran or S\c/ythia beyond the river Oxus \{& made the city Balk} the seat of his Empire/ & \that/ sent that his General sent Gudarz \that {sic}/ one of his Generals whom the Hebrews call Nebuchadnezzar \& other {sic} call Rahan & Gudarz/ went westward & conquered all Syria & Iudea & took the city Ierusalem. \And here by Lohorasp they seem to understand Cyaxeres./ They say also that Kithtasp the fift King of Persia in the same Dynasty, was \{illeg}/ contemporary to Zaradust or Zoroaster the legislator of the Gebers or fire-worshippers, & embrased his doctrines & established them throughout all Persia: & that Bahaman the sixt king of Persia in the same Dynasty & the grandson of Kishtasp, having been {illeg} went westward into Mesopotamia & Syria & conquered Balthasar the son of Nebuchadnezzar & gave the Kingdom of Babylon to Cyrus his Lieutenant generall over Media Assyria & Chaldea, & being married to a Iewess, caused the Iews to be released from captivity. Here these Historians confound the his \erroneously/ take Kishtasp {f}or Hystaspis the father or Grandfather of Darius \Bahaman/ a king of Persia & confound referr the actions of Darius the Mede to Darius Hystaspis whom they call Bahamā & by Lohorasp understand Cy-Axeres Ardshir Diraz confounding Darius the Mede Darius Hystaspis & Arataxerxes Longimanus with one another.

The Saracen Historians tell us that Kis\c/htasp the fift king of Persia in the Dynasty of the Kaianides was contemporary to Zaradust or Zoroaster the legislator of the Gebers or or {sic} fireworshippers, & embraced his doctrines & established them throughout all Persia. Whence I gather that \this/ Kishtasp was the Hystapes & that he was the grandfather of \Bahaman/ the next | sixt king of Persia [whom they call \surname/ Ardschir Diraz] & Bahaman was the son of Asfendiar the son of Asfendiar Kischtasp, & that Asfendiar reigned not, but was slain \before his fathers death/ by Rostam {the} governour of Sablestan & Segestan in the east{ern} border of Persia. Whence I {gathe}r that Kischtasp was that Hystaspes from whom Darius Hystaspis {illeg} {illeg} Hystaspis that this Hystaspes reigned after the Persians {illeg} that time when \{till}/ they were conquered by the Medes, that Asfendiar was slain B{ahamahan} was Darius Hystaspis & that his father Asfendiar was this Darius was the Grandson of Hystaspis & then with so & then ceased to reign till the days of his Grandson Banamah] |the master of the {Medes} who by the assistance of Zoroaster set up the religion of the Magi throughout Persia:| & that Bahaman \the grandson of Kischap/ was that King whom the Greeks call Darius Hystaspis. |For the next kings (Xerxes Artaxerxes Longimanus Darius Nothus &c) were the sons of kings.|

They say also that Bahamahn went westward into Mesopotamia & Syria & conquered Balthasar the son of Nebuchadnezzar & gave the kingdom of Babylon to Cyrus his Lieutenant general of over Media Assyria & Chaldea, & being married to a Iewess caused the Iews to be released from captivity & here they confound Darius Medus with Darius Hystaspis, & with Achsuerus

T They say also that Bahaman was surnamed Ardschir Diraz & {illeg} \hereby/ they confound the two Darius's wth Artaxerxes Longimanus, taking Diraz \perhaps/ for Darab or Darius.

They say also that Lohorasp the fourth king of Persia in the second Dynasty \{w}as the first of their kings who reduced their armies into discipline & that he/ went eastward & conquered many Provinces of Persia & had wars with the kings of Touran or Scythia beyond the river Oxus, & made the city Balk the seat of his empire; & that one of his Generals whom the Hebrews call Nebuchadnezzar & others call Rahan & Gudarz, went westwars {sic} & conquered all Syria & Iudea & took the city Ierusalem & destroyed it. And by these circumstances I gather that by Lohorasp they mean Cyaxeres, pretending that whilst he went eastward against {the Persians} he sent Nebuchadnezzar against Syria & Phœnicia.

The {sic} say also that Cyrus was the son of {Granah} the son of {illeg} & having married the sister of Zerubbabel released the Iews from {captivity} & that Kischtasp \the grandfather of Bahaman/ was also the son of Lohorasp. And thus they make Darius Hystaspis \about/ one generation younger then Cyrus & three generations younger then Cyaxeres.

They say also that ye first Dynasty of the Kings of the Kings {sic} of {Persia ended} in Kischtasp the son of Zab who slain in battel by the Touranians & that {Afrasiab} King of Touran had slain in battel Naudar the last king but one of that race.

They say also that Afrasiab king of Touran or Turquestan beyond the river Oxus invaded Persia with a great army, sleu Naudar the last king but one \in the first Dynasty/ & beseiged {illeg} {illeg} Zer the father of Rostan got up an army & drove the {illeg}the river Oxus & set Zab upon the throne of Persia & that Afrasiab <124v> returned with an army & in {illeg} the son of Zab, & put an end {illeg} to this Dynasty of the kings of Persia the Monarchy of the first race of of {sic} Persian Kings called Pichdadians. But Zal Zer set up caused \& his son {illeg} set up/ {Kaianid} the first King of the second Dynasty {illeg} & {illeg} drove out the Touranians a second time, & \then/ in the {illeg} returning with a fresh {illeg} reign of Caicorrou {illeg}

<125r>

The third from him was Cyrus a happy man.

The Poet here attributes the founding of the Medo-Persian Empire to the two {sic} |pre| Predecessors of Cyrus, that is to Dar Assuerus & the first of wch was a Mede & the second was his son. The second was Darius the Mede the immediate predecessor of Cyrus according to Daniel & therefore the first was {Assuerus the} father of Darius \Assuerus, Oxyares,/ Axeres or Cy-Axeres. ffor Daniel tells us that Darius was the son of As|ch|suerus (or Ahasuerus as ye Masorets called him) of the seed \(or royal family)/ of the Medes. This is that Assuerus who together with Nebuchadnezzar took \& destroyed/ Nineve according to Tobit, \wch action is by the Greeks ascribed to Cyaxeres./ By this victory over {illeg} the Assyrians at Nineveh & subersion {sic} of their kingdom he began to erect the Medo-Persian Mo Empire & his son Darius the Mede finished the work by conquering the kingdoms of Lydia & Babylon, & the third king was Cyrus a happy man for his great successes under Darius & large dominion in his own reign. [But before all this it is to be understood that the Persians (not all Persia the country now called Persia but a Province thereof) were conquered by the Medes & became one kingdom wth the Medes tho not of so considerable extent as to be taken notice of by Æschylus before the reign of Cyaxeres] {illeg} is that Cyaxeres This Cyaxeres \gave his daughter to Cyrus & \according to Xenophon// was the son of Astyages king of the Medes & according to Xenophon |& gave his daughter to Cyrus| [& Cyrus \according to both Xenophon & Herodotus was/ was the grandson of son of Mandane the daughter of Astyages according to both Xenophon & Herodotus, so that & married the And therefore we rest these kings {illeg} reigned successively over ye Medes \& Persians/. Astyages, Cyaxeres, Darius & Cyrus] {sic} Astyages according to both Xenophon & Herodotus gave his da\u/ghter Mandane to Cambyses a Prince of Persia & of them was b Cyrus was the son of Cambyses & Mandane & according to Xenophon & O{illeg} the son of Astyages |by them was the Grandfather of Cyrus, {sic} Cyaxeres ye son of Astyages & brother of Mandane| according to Xenophon gave his daughter to Cyrus \the son of Cambyses & Mandane/. & left him heir to the kingdom having no male issue of his own Xenophon tells us \that she was reported to be very handsome &/ that Cyrus used to play with her in his childhood & that she was reported to be very handsome \& that she \then/ used to say that she would marry Cyrus/: whence I gather that \Cyrus was of the same age wth the Children of Cyaxeres/ Cyaxeres was some years older then Cyrus & \& Cyaxeres {illeg} then Darius the Mede & that he/ married his daughter to him in her youth \Cyrus in her youth/ {not} after long be not long before ye taking of Babylon \& married Mandane \his daughter// not after the taking of Babylon when she would have been an old woman but in her youth |long before| while she was in her beauty \young & beautiful/ & Cyrus a young man, & that she was old enough \of a just age/ to be the sister of Darius the Mede. ffrom all wch being compared together |For Cyrus lived 70 years (according to Tully) & took Babylon nine years before his death (according to Ptolomys Canon) & that is, at the age of 61 years: at wch time Darius was 62 years old acording to Daniel. From all which compared together| I ga we may certainly conclude that these four kings Astyages, Cyaxeres, Darius & Cyrus reigned successively over the Medes. Herodotus seems to invert the order of the kings Cya Astyages & Cyaxeres, by making Cyaxeres for he tells us that Cyaxeres the father \{illeg}/ of Astyages was the more warlike then his predecessors & brought the army & discipline of ye Medes into better order & discipline then & subdued the Scythians & Assyrians: all wch \answers/ the character wch Æschylus gives to that king of the Medes who reigned next but one before Cyrus, & therefore it seems to me |& \so/ confirms my opinion| that the kings of the Medes reigned in this order Dejoces, Phraortes, Astyages, Cyaxeres, Darius, Cyrus &c, as was said above

How Dejoces fo in the ki the first king built Ecbatane & about a extended ye kingdom westward through Armenia into Cappadocia as far as ye river Halys & how Phraortes conquered the Persians \(not all the nations now called Persia but a Province thereof)/ & invaded the Assyrians & was slain by them we have told you above. Astyages did nothing memorable. In his reign a great body of Scythians commanded by Madyes invaded Media, beat ye Medes in battel & brought them into subjection & going thence towards Egypt were met in Phœnicia & bought off by Psammiticus,

When therefore ye Angel told Daniel that he would return to fight wth ye king of Persia for when he was gone out the Prince of Greece should come & that in the first year of Darius he stood to confirm & to strengthen him: the meaning is that \he was to assist the k of G in warring ag the P/ as {sic} he had assisted Darius in his warring against the Chaldeans, so he came to assist the king of Greece in his war against the Persians \as {sic}/.

The Persians being conquered by the Medes about the middle of the reign of Zedekiah \being conq. by the Medes/, continued \still/ in subjection under the|m| Medes, & Cyrus who was of the royal family of ye Persians was not yet an absolute & independant king. But after the taking of Babylon when he had the command of a victorious army \at his devotion,/ it was easy for him to revolt.

This victory was about 2 years after the taking of Nineveh Babylon. ffor \the reign of/ Novonidus the last king of the Chaldees whom Daniel calls Belshazzar ended in the year of Nabonassar 210, nine years before the death of Cyrus; according to the Canon, but after the deth translation of the kingdom of the Medes to the Persians, Cyrus reigned only seven years according to Xenophon, \&/ spending –– – – 212, An. Abr. 1465. \And/ If {sic} the seven years reign of Cyrus, be

<125v>

but instead of Darius who reigned between them he has placed Astyages

[Editorial Note 47]

Phraortes was succeeded by \his son/ Cyaxeres \& Cyaxeres by his son Astyages/ according to Herodotus but Xenophon tells us that Cyaxeres was the son of Astyages wch is more probable For Æschylus who died in the 76t Olympiad, flourished in ye reigns of Darius Hystaspis & Xerxes & died in ye 76th Olympiad, reccons the kings of ye Medo-Persian Monarchy down in order to Xerxes in this manner.

Μηδος γὰρ &c

He that first led the army was a Mede

The next \who/ was his son finished the work

The third was Cyrus a happy man &c

The precedecessor {sic} of Cyrus (according to Daniel) was Darius the son of Achsuerus (or Ahasuerus as the Masorets call him) of the seed of the Medes that of is of the royal seed & seed royal: & therefore his father Achsuerus that is Oxyares Astibares, Axeres, or Art{axares} {illeg} \or/ Cy-Axeres) was that Mede who first had ye army of the Medes & by {illeg} conquering founded the Empire. [He conquered made war upon the kingdom of Lydia & \slew the Scythians &/ conquered as fa westward as far as the river Halys, & fought ye |Alyattes| king of Lydia in ye time of t|a| total Ecyps of the Sun predicted by Thales & {illeg} {illeg} overthrew the Assyrian Monarchy, & his son Darius conquered the kingdoms of Lydia & Babylon & thereby finished the work of erecting the monarchy of the Medes. Astyag Then reigned Cyrus a happy man for his victories both under Darius & in his own reign.] \Cyrus lived 70 years according to Cicero/ [Ahasuerus is called by the Greeks \Art{axares}/ Oxyares, Astibares, & Cy-Axeres that is Prince Axeres. He gave his daughter to Cyrus \as/ not after the taking of Babylon but in her y] Cyrus reigned 9 years after ye taking of {illeg} after th Nabonides the last king of Babylon according to Ptolomies Canon & seven years after the death of his Cyrus reigned seven years over Media Persia \over Media Persia & Babylon/ after the death of his Predecessor according to Xenophon & nine years over Babylon after Nabonnedus \the taking thereof/ according to Ptolomies Canon, & therefore Darius the Mede reigned 2 years over Babylon. Cyrus lived 70 years according to Cicero & reigned nine years over Babylon according to Ptolomy's Canon & therefore was 61 years old at ye taking of Babylon, at wch time Darius the Mede was 62 years old, according to Daniel & therefore Darius was two generations younger then Astyages. ffor Astyages by the common consent of Herodotus & Xenophon gave his daughter Mandane to Cambyses a Prince of Persia & by them became the granfather {sic} of Cyrus. And Cyrus (acc Cyaxeres the son of Astyages (according to Xenophon) gave his daughter to Cyrus. This daughter saith Xenophon was reported to be very handsome & \used to/ play wth Cyrus when they were both Children & to say that she would marry him: & therefore Cyrus & Darius were one generation younger then Cyaxeres. So then these kings reigned in order Astyages Cyaxeres Darius & {illeg} Cyrus. \Astyages did nothing glorius. Cyaxeres (as Herodotus tells us)/ Herodotus tells us) {sic} that Cyaxeres {sic} \was more warlike then any of his Predecessors & that he/ was the first who distin brought the confused army of the Medes into disciple & order & discipline. He slew the Scythians who had invaded Media. He conquered westward as far as the river Halys & after a war of five years with Alyattes king of Lydia he fought the Lydians in the time of a total Eclips predi of ye Sun predicted by Thales, & afterwards he & Nebuchadnezzar overthrew the Assyrian monarchy founde seated at Nineveh. This He was therefore ye first who led the army in setting up the Monarchy of the Medes as Æschylus describes. & \The next, was/ his son Darius, \wh/ by conquering the kingdoms of Lydia & Babylon, finished the work. The third \from him/ was Cyrus a happy man for his victories both under Darius & in his own reign.

How Phraortes conquered the Persians.

<126r>

to Zidon. And hence came the tradition of the Persians & of the Phœnicians \themselves/, as Herodotus {illeg} affirms, that the Phœnicians came originally from the red sea. The Zidonians who fled from the Phenicians build Tyre & Aradus, & make Abibalus \& take Zidon/ – And translating the word Erithræa into Phœnicia ga|i|ve the name of Phœnicians to themselves & that of Phœnicia to {illeg} all the sea coast from Azoth to Sidon. And hence came the tradition of the Persians & of the Phenicians themseves, mentioned by Herodotus, that the Phenicians came originally from the red sea. The Zidonians who fled from them build Tyre, & Aradus, & make Abibalus the father of Hiram the first king of Tyre

1048. The Edomites are conquered by David. And some of them fly {illeg} into Egypt with their yong {sic} king Hadad & carry thither their arts & sciences amongst wch were their letters navigation Astronomy & letters. For in Idumea they |had| letters2 and constellations1 before the days of Iob \& there Moses learnt to write the law in a book/. And there Moses met with Letters. The {sic} Their mariners fly \now fly from David/ some to the Persian gulf & others from the red sea to the mediterranean & fortify Azoth against David & take Zidon & carry letters & Astromy {sic} to all places. And translating the word Erithræa into that of Phœnicia they give the name of Phœnicians to themselves & that of Phœnicia to all the sea coasts of of Palestine from Zi Azoth to Zidon. And hence came the tradition of the Persians & of the Pheni\ci/ans themselves, mentioned by Herodotus, that the Phenicians came originally from the red sea, & presently undertook long voiages upon the Mediterranean. The Zidonians who fled from them, build Tyre & Aradus, & make Abibalus king of Tire

1048. The Edomites are conquered by David & some of them fly into Egypt wth their young king Hadad, others fly to the Persian gulf \with their commander Oannes,/ & others from the /fly from the red sea\ to the coasts of the Mediterranean & fortify Azoth against David, & take Zidon. And the Zidonians who fled from them build Tyre & Aradus & make Abibalus king of Tyre. These Edomites carry to all places their arts & sciences amongs {sic} wch were \their/ Navigation Astronomy & Letters. For in Idumæa they had Constellations & Letters before the days of Iob who mentions them & there Moses learnt to write the law in a book. These Edomites who fled to \the/ Mediterranean, translating the word Erythræa into that of Phœnicia, give the name of Erythræ Phœnicians to themselves & that of Phœnicia to all the sea coast of Palestine from Azoth to Zidon. And hence came the tradition of the Persians & of the Phœnicians themselves, mentioned by Herodotus, that the Phœnicians came originally from the red sea & & presently undertook long voiages on the Mediterranean.

1002 Thoth prescribes the forms of letters to the Egyptians

1045 Oannes appears in the Persian gulph.

– 1017 – – fleet upon that sea. The Tyrians & Aradians who assisted him in that navigation build T new cities {but} in the Persian gulf called Tyre & Aradus.

<126v>

To Sr Isaac Newton
in St Martin's street
near Leicester Fields

<127r>

And now the Philistims whom Sesostris had carried into captivity & placed Cappadocia in Caphtor were at liberty to return home, and The {illeg} & did so according to the Prophet. H{am} A I Amos 9.7. The Greeks tells \us/ that Prometheus first reigned on \a very/ wise man & the first & skilful in {illeg} manual arts by & an inventor of arts by fire first reigned in the lower Egypt & then for his skill in \those/ Arts by fir & {illeg} \teaching/ them to men was chained to mount Caucasus for 30 years together & then afterwards set at liberty by Hercules. The meaning seems to be that for his skill in minerals & excocting metals out of them he was sent by Sesostris to preside over the Ægyptians & Philistims then \who were placed/ in Captor at the foot of Mount Caucasus, & there to searching those mountains for mines of \to implloy the people in Philistims as slaves in digging those mountains for/ gold & silver. & digging such mines as were \or should/ already found. For that country th was then |in those days| celebrated for its riches in gold & silver dug out of those mountains. And since he staid there 30 or as others say 34 years & then was set at liberty, the return of the captivity of the Philistims will fall in or \happen/ a little after the victory of Asa. The story of Hercules setting him at liberty by killing the vultur wch gnawed his heart looks like a figment of ye Grecians in honour of their Hercules & if it signify any thing the the true meaning it seems to imply that the Egyptian Hercules \at length/ revolted from the Egyptians & by making war \joining \together/ with the Ethiopians/ made war upon them \them/ & thereby set \Prometheus &/ the Philistim Cap{illeg}|ht|oreans at liberty to return home. The Philistims are said also \(by a Prolepsis)/ to come out of Casluhim Gen 10.14 & therefore were imployed by the Egyptians in|as| slaves in digging the mines both at Colchos & Caphtor, & returned from both places into Palestine

In these new broiles in wch Egypt was now engaged, Orus was slain by the Titans & found dead in the Nile & Amenophis succeeded him after him reignd Amenophis called Amenephthes by Eusebius Imandes Ismandes & Isimandes by Strabo, Osimandes by Hecatæus Osimanduas & Mendes by Diodorus \& most commonly Memnon by the Greeks/. He placed on his mothers statue three c|C|rowns to signify that she was the daughter wife & mother of a king. Manetho saith that he was the son \& successor/ of Rhampses who was ye eldest son & successor of Sethos or Sesostris. Whence Rhampses seems to be the same king seems to be the proper name of Orus & Orus his name as a God. Hesiod & the Greeks say |And perhaps Rhampses (if that was the name of the father of Amenophis) was the son of a Sesostris by an Ethiopian woman. ffor the Greeks always recconed Memnon an Ethiopian.| Iosephus tells us out of Manetho that this Amenophis g{illeg} was a contemplator of the Gods as was Orus one fit a former king & was perswaded by one of ye Priests to purge Egypt from leprous & impure men & for that end gathered them out of all Egypt & granted them the city Avaris to inhabit \Abaris/ the city of Typhon to inhabit. Whereupon they conceiving this a fit place to make a rebellion made Osarsiphus Priest of Heliopolis their captain & fortified their cities & prepared for war against Amenophis, & called in the Iews from Ierusalem who came \to Pelusium/ wth an army of 200000 to their assistance. That \That this was the second invasion of Egypt by the Shepherds & that/ Amenophis-g{illeg} came against them wth an army of 300000 \leaving his young son Ramesses/ but left before he fought them returned back to Heliopolis & Memphis & went thence with into Ethiopia wth all his ships & multitude where he stayed \reigned reigned/ 13 years wth all his s while Osarsiphus & the Iews reigned at Pelusium. That when he led his army against Abaris \Osarsiphus/ he {illeg} commended his young <127v> son Ramesses a child of five years old to ye care of a friend & after 13 years when the child was gro Ramesses was grown up he That Osarsiphus was Moses & made laws for the people at Abaris & {illeg} wasted the cities of Iuda Egypt. But after 13 years Amenophis came out of Ethiopia wth a great army & his son Ramesses joyned him wth another great army & they fought the shepherds & polluted people & dar drove them out of Egypt pursuing them as far as the borders of Syria. And the same story is told by Cheræmon wth some variation of circumstances. Let the story be purged from ye figment \mistake/ that Osarsiphus was Moses & from ye calumny that the Egyptians who called in the Iews were leaprous & it will run thus: that Memnon being an Ethiopian as he is always called by the Greeks was engaged with |was either the same man with Zerah or his king or warred warred {sic} under him in| the army of th Ethiopians & Libyans & wch Zerah \who subdued/ against {illeg} Orus & wch invade wch subdued \wch subdued {illeg}/ Egypt & put an end to the reign of Orus & then was led on by Zerah against Iudah \invaded Iudea/; that this army being beaten by A \by the Iews/ at Maresah, a body of Egyptians soon after revolted \from the Ethiopians/ at Pelusium & {illeg} made Osarsiphus their captain & finding themselves too weake called in the victorious Iews to their assistance; T|t|hat Memnon led the Ethiopians against Osarsiphus & was either beaten or feared to venture a second battell against the Iews retired {illeg} \and was called back by to succeed Zerah & settle his dominion in Ethiopia. He/ {retired} into Thebais & Ethiopia & & setled his kingdom there {illeg} after thirteen years returned with what force he & his young {illeg} son \Ramesses/ could make & drave out conquering |& in the mean time built & fortified Memphys to stop the progress of the Enemy & then returned back to that city without venturing a battel a second battel against the Iews & from thence retired Iudia continuing in subjection sent for a body of Ethiopians from thence \Indiæ/ by sea to strengthen himself & gave them seats above Egypt. For this Eusebius insinuates in telling us: Sub Amenophe Æiopes ab Indo flumine consurgentes juxta Ægyptum consedessent|runt|. That after thirteen years he returned with what force he & his young son Osars Ramesses could make & conquering Osarsiphus drave| Osarsiphus drave {sic} out the Iews. And to this action Ramesses seems to relate when he inscribed on his Obelisk (as Hermapion interpreted it) that he had saved Egypt by expelling forreigners. Eusebius tells us: Sub Amenophe Aethiopes ab Indo flumine consurgentes juxta Ægyptum consederunt. Probably these Ethiopians were called in & seated there by Amenophes that they might be ready to assist him.

Manetho tells us \says/ that the shepherds obteined Egypt 511 years. & take If the Iews {illeg} \(whom Manetho takes to be the Shepherds)/ entered Egypt a year or two after the battel at Maresah & reigned 13 years at Pelusium the last |Amenophis after another year or two retired into Thebais & Ethiopia & reigned there 13 years before he returned back against Osarsiphus the last| expulsion of the shepherds will be about the \30th or/ 32|3|th year of Asa. Subduct \Count backwards/ 511 years & the beginning of the \first/ reign of the shepherds in Egypt will fall begin about seven \eight or more ten/ years after the division of conquest & division of the land of Canaan by Ioshuah. Which agrees well wth what we said above.

Amenophis having recovered Egypt & being now inured to war led his army out of Egypt &c – – – nor the Precession of the Equinox.

Herodotus & Diodorus tell us that from ye Egyptian Priests that \Orus the son of/ Osiris & Isis was the last of the Gods who reigned in Egypt & that after {illeg}him & Typhon the Egypt was governed by men the first of wch was Menes. So also Eratosthenes – – – – not much out in ascribing them to him.

[Editorial Note 48] <128v>

Rhampsinitus, Amenophis & Ramesses.

Rhampsinitus called by Manetho Rhampses – – – army of a thousand thousand men. But all this is to be understood of his {illeg} his power & riches in the beginning of his reign. ffor he being a quiet Prince the conquered nations had rest from the times war during his reign & \though they might pay tribute for a time yet they/ fortified their cities & strengthened themselves in order to a|n| \open/ revolt. And first the Ethiopians \& Libyans/ revolted & subdued Egypt |maintained their liberty & at length against Egypt with success & victory.| ffor in ye 15th year of Asa king of Iudah Zerah the Ethiopian with an army of a thousand thousand Ethiopians & Libyans invaded Iudea. \Their way was through Egypt & their wars wth Egypt before they was of some continuance/ – – – But when Israel in their trouble did turn unto the Lord & sought him he was found of them. By this victory – – – Empire.

Next reigned Amenophis called Amenephthes by Eusebius, Imandes Ismandes & Isimandes by Strabo, Osimandes by Hecatæus, Osimanduas & Mendes by Diodorus \& Mem\n/on most commonly by the Greeks./ His a mother was a Queen & he was the b son of Rhampses. Iosephus tells us out of Cha Manetho & Chæremon that in the reign of Amenophis (that Amenophis – – – – nor the Precession of the æquinox.

It was the general opinion of all antiquity that Sesostris was lived before Memnon & \before/ the times of the Trojan war & that Memnon lived in the times of that war \& about that time came into Phrygia/ < insertion from lower down f 128v > ✝ Homer speaks of Thebes as in its glory & greatness wth 100 Gates & 20000 Chariots & immense riches in the time of the Trojan war & this description could not agree to Thebes before the days of Sesostris. Pausanias relates that in a public building        made their weapons Hesiod makes Memnon to be the son of Tithonus & Aurora; wch Tithonus, saith Diodorus, was the son of Laomedon & brother of Priamus, & warring in the eastern parts went as far as Ethiopia (that is was carried captive by Sesostris into Thebais) whence came the fable of Memnon's being born of Aurora. Memnon was therefore one generation younger then Tithonus & Priamus, & by consequence contemporary to the {} children of Priam & to ye Trojan war. And this synchronism is confirmed by its giving occasion to a story related by Pindar Pausanias & Diodorus & others of ancients of Memnons being at the war of Troy & there slain by Achilles the Greeks taking occasion from ye Synchronism to frame this story in honour of their nation. And thus far the story seems to be true that about the time of that war \or immediately before a very little before/ he came into Phygia {sic}, not to assist the Trojans, but in carrying on his conquests, Pausanias relates that in a publick building {sic} Delphos – – – then made their weapons Now \Now From/ all these things being compared it seems that {illeg} Tithonus a beautiful youth was one of ye captive Sesostris invaded Gr Asia & Grece in the days of Laomedon king of Troy & captivated \amongst a great multitude of captives carried away/ his son Tithonus a beautiful youth, Priamus \escaping because/ being not yet grown up. That Tit Memnon was born soon after \suppose about 6 or 8 years (that is soon after ye 14th year of Rehoboam)/ & therefore feigned by the Greeks to be the son of Tithonus. That he might \be born {illeg} ye {illeg}/ therefore be about 20 years old when <128r> he was carried captive into Aethiopia & about 36|5| or 40 years old when he returned back & \about/ 74 years old when in ye year of ye Iulian Period 3821 when the \new Egyptian/ year of 365 days was instituted.

And by this recconing the dstruction of Troy was about 60 or 65 years after the death of Solomon, counting about 15 years to ye birth of Memnon & 45 or 50 more to ye taking of that city.

If in ye 14th year of Rehoboam when Tithonus was captivated he & Priam may be supposed about 20 years old, & when Troy was taken Priam being an old man, may be supposed about 70 years old the difference of about 50 years will make 6 added to 14 will make 64 years.

Vpon the return of Sesostris into Egypt his brother Danaus fled wth from thence with his 50 daughters in a long ship \& 50 oars/ called πεντηκό\ν/τορος & came first to Rhodes where he built a Temple to Minerva & then sailed to Argos. This was the first long ship wch came into Greece & after the pattern of this \ship/ the Greeks built the ship Argo \of 50 oars/ wch was the first long ship built by ye Greeks. Reccon \from ye death of Solomon/ 14 years to the flight of Danaus, 2 or 3 \more/ years \more/ his stay in Rhodes, 10 or 15 years more his star till \to/ the building of Argo \Argonautick expedition/ & a generation or 33 years more till the destruction of Troy & the whole summ will be about 60 or 64 years.

Theseus was about 50 years old when he stole Helena & she was then about 10 years old, reccon her 20 years old when she was stole by Paris & add with \according to/ Homer add 20 years more till the destruction of Troy & if Bacchus took Ariadne from Theseus about ye 8th or 10th year of Rehoboam & Theseus was then about 25 or 30 years old being in his prime strength when he slew the Minotaur, this recconing will make about 60 or 65 years to th from the death of Solomon to ye destruction of Troy. Let Minos be supposed about 65 years old when Ariadne went away wth Theseus & to be born two or three years after the rapture of Europa & that rapture will happen about the middle of the reign of David

And this recconing agrees nearly with Virgils Chronology who makes Æneas contemporary to Dido. ffor Dido fled from Tyre \from Phenicia to Africa/ in the seventh year of \the reign of/ her brother Pigmaleon \king of Tyre/ wch was about 90 years after the death of Solomon

Hesiod tells us of \describes/ five ages of the Greece the Gods, the first was the golden age in wch Saturn reigned & men lived hapily wthout care & trouble. When age {sic} was dead they were made Gods & there arose a second generation a silver age inferior to ye ye former & when they died there arose a third of brass violent & strong in

When Theseus overcame ye Minotaur we may reccon Minos about 60 or 65 years old. ffor he had many children who were then grown up, |&| His {sic} eldest son Androgeus was Slain above 16 years before & was then {illeg} \a/ man, being victor in the Panathenæa a little before his death. Coūting therefore 65 years backwards the birth of Minos & coming the bringing of letters into Europe by Cadmus will be about the middle of Davids reign as we recconed above, that is about 120 or 125 years before ye taking of Troy. Etrocles & P About the same time that Troy was taken Eteocles & Polynices \two young men/ the sons of Oedipus the son of Laius the son of Labdacus the son of Polydorus the son of Cadmus & Harmonia were slain in ye war of ye seven captains against Thebes. {illeg} These being a succession of eldest sons, \let us/ reccon about 24 or 25 years to a generation & {illeg} years for ye age of Etio & the whole summ will be about 120 or 125 years \time/ from the marriage of Cadmus & Harmonia to ye war of ye seven captains will be about 125 years < text from higher up f 128v resumes > Pausanias relates[133] |yt| in a publick building at Delphos were \he saw/ several pictures made by Polygnotus (an {sic} eminent \famous ancient/ painter contemporay {sic} to Artexerxes Longimanus) & |yt| in one of them were painted Hector Memnon & Sarpedon all of them with beards & Paris {illeg} \a/ beardless youth, & by Memnon a naked Ethiopian boy. And {illeg} saith Pausanias Memnon came to ye war of Troy not fom Ethiopia but from Susa a city of Persia conquering all those \the intermediate/ nations as far as Choas the river Choaspis. And that the Phrygians still shew by what way he lead his army while he led his army the way being distinguished by mansions.[134] In memory of this expedition the Nicomedians kept \Memnon's/ a sword of Memnon in the temple of AEsculapius \a/ one of Memnons swords wch a brazen \copper/ sword wch they said was Memnon's. It was certainly a \very /an\/ old monument becaus made of copper after the metal of wch the nations Greek Greeks & Trojans then made their arms weapons.

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rapture of Europa of Europa will be about ye 23th year of David where we placed it above.

After \Considering that/ Bacchus came over the Hellespont \before/ Oeagrus begat Orpheus of Calliope, Whence if we may suppose that Orpheus at ye time of the Argonautic expedition was about 20 or 24 years old, & that it was not above so many years before the Greeks \had/ built the ship Argo after the pattern of the long ship in wch Danaus came into Greece, the Argonautic expedition will be about 35 or 40 years after the death of Solomon. And from thence to ye taking of Troy will be about 30 or 35 years \more/, whereof 20 or 21 passed between the stealing of Helena & ye destruction of Tro taking of that city |In that {time} \|&| Before {sic} ye stealing of Helena/ Hercules sackt Troy \& {illeg}/ |&| took away Hesione {illeg} & Priam built the walls of Troy & sent an \{fruitless}/ Embassy into Greece to demand satisfaction & built the walls of Troy & Hesione bare Teucer who warred against Troy went to ye war at Troy.|

Since Bacchus came into Europe in the days of Amphictyon the son of Deucalion & in the beginning of the reign of Theseus: it discovers to us the occasion of uniting first the twelve cities of Attica into one polity under Athens by Theseus, & then Athens & many other head cities of Greece under the Amphictyonic Council. at Delpos. by this Amphictyo I know that in the series of the kings of Athens Amphictyon is \made/ some generations older then Theseus: but that series is wth me of no great credit. Athens was not {illeg} then ye metropolis of Attica \before the reign of Theseus/ & in what cities those kings reigned is uncertain. Some of them might be contemporary & some of them only several names of the same king. And whether Amphictyon was king of Athens may be doubted. I mention not ye other Amphictyon who about ye same time or not long before erected another Council at Thermopylæ. The name might be given him \only/ from his being sent to ye Cou\n/cil: ffor all the Senators were called Amphictyons. Besides this Council there were some others in Greece the chief of wch met at Thermopylæ, & was founded about the same time with that at Delphos or not long before. This Council met every half year at in spring & autumn at The Delpos & Thermopylæ alternately & was instituted by Acrisius the grandfather of Perseus & king of Argos. When Acrisius went from Argos into the regions of Thessaly & Macedonia where they say he was accidentally killed by his son \grandson/ Perseus, it is to be understood thathe went from Argos \not to avoyd Perseus as they tell us but suppose, but/ to convene the nations of Greece fortheir common safety against Sesostris, & that he then ordeined & formed this Council & by their advice & assistance raised the army wth wch his grandson Perseus opposed the Egyptians. & slew many of the Mœnades.

As Bacchus lov

Amongst the weomen loved by Bacchus the most famous was deified by the name of Venus. ffor Alexander {Colys} Aphrodisiensis saith that Bacchus was in love with Venus & Ariadne & Diodorus that Priapus was {illeg} reputed the son of Bacchus & Venus. And others tell us that these two were the only Gods worshipped by the Arabians.

Bacchus for his warlike atchievements was so much celebrated by the accients {sic} as to be accounted the God of war. So Macrobius: Pleriqꝫ

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You have heard how Ammon was much addicted to ye observation of the stars Astronomy & from him the study descended to his children & grandchildren |\Sasyches or Sesach/ Hyperion Sasyches or Sesac| \Osiris/ Atlas, \Typhon/ Mercury, Memnon, Prometheus. For the last {illeg} How ye court of Egypt came to be so much addicted to this study I do not find in history, but if room may be allowed for conjecture I suspect that the Merchants trading upon the red sea were the first that found out letters \numbers/ & Arithmetic & Ast observed the stars, these things being usefull in their trafiqꝫ, & that when the Court of Edom fled from David into Egypt they carried these things with them to ye Court of Pharaoh, & on that account were there received \enterteined/ wth generos \as much \extraordinary// favour. as i Ammon divided the day into hours but the year which he used was lunisolar as you heard above, & this year being \{illeg} of an uncertain lenth {sic} & therefore/ unfit for Astronomical uses a new year was to be invented for keeping an exact account of time before Astromy could be brought to any competent degree of perfection. T And the first attempt that I meet with towards {illeg} of that kind was in the reign of {illeg} Osiris.

ffor in the

At first the nations {illeg} destitute of \Astronomy &/ Arithmetic determined the lengths of months & years not by any certain number of days \or other astronomical rules/ but by the visible returns of the sun Moon & stars & seasons of ye year, afterwards – – – – – & therefore it may be accounted as old as those religions & festivals & by consequence brought into Greece by the Ph{illeg}ps the first Phenicians & Egyptians who sailed into Greece \thither/, such as were Cadmus & Cecrops. For Herodotus tells us – – – – by that one true natural year.

When the ancients – – – – invention of Astronomy while the Octaeris. And after the invention of ye Octaeris they corrected their year by the heavens at the end of evry eight years, & at length ye Greeks found out new modes of an Octaeris more exact then the former \& rules for the length/ & still proceeding to more exactness they found out the Ennea{illeg}decataeris & \then/ made Almancks {sic} for 19 years together. But in \doing/ these things the Greeks received light from the Egyptians ffor Strabo tells us that Eudoxus – – – Chaldeans.

The Egyptians were therefore the first who reduced found out the leng \true/ length of the year. ffor while And their first attempt so far as I can find \of this kind yt I meet with/ was by instituting the solemnity of the milk bowels for counting \all/ the 360 days in the reputed year ffor by repeating this recconing they soon found that this year of 360 days was too short by 5 days – – – – Osiris as you heard above. At this time therefore Astronomy was in its infancy: for while men knew not the just number of days in the solar year but supposed them to be 360 – – – observations.

The \filling/ 360 milk-bowles \in ye sepulchre of Osiris/ are a plain indication that ye solar year at ye time of that institution was reputed but to consist of no more then 360 days. The five additional days were called by the names of Osiris reputed the birth days of Osiris Isis & while they tell us that these five days were added \to the year/ when Rhea was with child by Saturn or as Diodor according to Diodorus, when Iupiter was with child by Iuno these 5 days were added th to the intent \these 5 days were added/ that their children Osiris Isis Typhon \&/ Nepthe might be born \in/ out of ye year sent out of ye {illeg} no part of ye old year & then Iuno brought forth Osiris Isis Typhon &c on these five days: they ascribe this emendation of the year \is ascribed/ to Ammon the father of Osiris & Isis. But \I had rather trust/ the \monuments of the milk bowls & the/ golden monument \border/ /border circle\ & ascribe it to his grandson \the younder {sic} Ammon/ Ammon or Amenophis whom ye Greeks call Memnon, & the year it self \of 365 days/ points at him for the author.

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And if ye months were alternately of 29 & 30 days & the intercalary months of 30 days & a day was omitted at ye end of every two years, the Octa \or if the months intercalary months were of 29 days & as day was omitted at ye end of every 4 years the Octa/eris would agree well enough wth ye course of ye Moon so that there would be no need of examining these artificial years & months by the sun & moon oftener then once in eight years/ But after they observed that found out ye rules of reconing by months of 29 & 30 days \alternately/ for two years together & of intercaling three months in eight years they became able to keep a recconing of time without correcting their recconing by the heaven above once in two, four or eight years & by further experience they \Greeks/ mended their rules till they found out the Enneadecataeris whereby they became able to put o publish Almanacs for 19 years together. But in doing these things.       {sic} And therefore its vey probable that the Astronomers of Egypt by the milk solemnity of the milk bowles, intended to found a new Æra for keep|ing| an exact reconing of time by years of 360 days & in honour to Osiris dated this Æra from his Apotheosis, |& kept appointed Priests to keep the recconing in his Temple|

But in a few year this year was | being soon found too short by five days & therefore Men

The Egyptians

By The {illeg} fable of the Egyptians that when Rhea was

[Editorial Note 49] <130v>

ffor Homer | or in a poetical manner discovers to us that ye Cyprian Venus was the daughter of Otreus king of Phrygia |yt| her nurse was a Trojan & thereby she understood both languages the Phrygian & the Trojan, |yt| Her {sic} \proper/ name was Calycopis, & {illeg} \& that/ She {sic} first lay wth Anchises a Herdsman of Troy & by him had Æneas upon mount Ida Then Vulcan bought her & paid a dowry for her to her father & suspecting her fidelity feigned a voyage to Lemnos & returning \home/ unexpectedly caught Mars in in {sic} bed wth her, And this matter being \Vulcan thought of returning her to her father & demanding {back his dowry}. But this matter being otherwise/ composed Mars \presently/ went \wth {force}/ over ye Hellespont into Thrace & Venus sailed in rich apparrel to Cyprus & landed at Paphus [Homer. Odys. 7. & Hymn 1 & 2 in Venerē where she was washed & annointed by the Graces & lived splendidly in golden \costly/ apparel adorned with gold. |And| In {sic} her way to Cyprus she sailed first to Cythara an island of Greece between Peloponnesus & Crete. Hesiod. Theog.

This Venus lived \in Cyprus/ wth Cinyras the son of Thyas king of Crete Cyprus, wch Cinyras was an inventor of arts & found – – – – sec. 3.//

By means of Venus Cinyras seems to have received great favoursof Bacchus for Ilus (that is that is El or Belen) \(as Sanchoniatho calls him)/ gave ye city – – –

And Cinyras with being an inventor of Arts & an eminent artificer in the fire. amp; making armour & other works for those Princes who were his friends answers in all things to ye Vulcan of the ancients. He first exercised arts by fire & made |Vulcan was contempory {sic} to {Pallis} Pallis, Bacchus & the other Gods & therefor also to Cinyras. He first exercised arts by fire & {illeg} de in Lemnos & made| armour in Lemnos (Hellenicus in comment. de ædificatione Chij Cicero de natura Deorū l. 3. apud Natal. Com. Mish. l. 2.p. 150.) whence its probable that he fled thither when Sesostris took Cyprus \his kingdom/. ffor this ye ancients seem to intimate by his fall from heaven into that Island. {He} \/ In Lemnos there were only two cities Hephæstia & Myrina so called from Hephæstus ye greek name of Vulcan & Myrra the daughter of Cy|i|nyras & thence the Island was called Dipolis Δίπολις. \/ He trusted none of ye Gods except Bacchus whom he trusted very much & who when he had made him drunk with wine reduced him back into heaven {illeg} (Pausan. Attic. c. 20) that is reduced him back into his kingdom. ② In Lemnos – – Δίπολις. Aglaia the youngest of the 3 weomen who attended on Venus in Cyprus & were called ye Graces became Vulcans wife & therefore he lived wth Venus in Cyprus, ffor his skill on ye Harp he was called Cynyras. The people of Cyprus honoured Cinyras exceedingly as their great benefactor |& Cyprus was his kingdom wch is the character of Cinyras.| Pindar tells us |yt| the \applause dis{illeg} of the/ inhabitants of Cyprus resounded about Cinyras g whom Apollo loved extremely he being ye \Chief/ Priest of Venus as a Ram \is/ ye captain of ye flock, & that they were impelled to {sic} thus to celebrate him out of gratitude for the favours he had done them. He being therefore king of Cyprus & part of Phenicia \& in so great esteem & honour among them as their benefactor/ tis not to be doubted but they that after his death they deified him \in those places there/ according to ye custome of that age. Sanchoniatho calls him Vincul Diamichiū In several respects he had several names. {illeg} ffrom his skill on ye Harp he was called Cinyras, from his skill in manual works by fire he was called אב אסת Ephaistos \Ηφαιστος/ {illeg} Ignis-pater, & fro Dia-michius or Belus \Δια-μίχιος     ,      Baal/ machinator & from the place where he was worshipped Belus Baal-Cana, V{u}|o|lcanus, ye God of Canaan.

When Osiris undertook his expedition through ye world he left ye goverment {sic} – – – – to Antæus (Diodor. l. 1. c. 1, 2)

They deified all their dead in various manners according to their various circumstances \& abilities/ {illeg} Some were only in private families, others were by erecting alt{illeg}|a|rs to them in public for annual sacrifices, others by building {illeg} \also/ sepulchres to them in form of Temples, & sometimes some by appointing

Hesiod describes five|our| ages of ye world {illeg} before his own \Gods/, \first/ a golden age under ye reign of Saturn wch began with the birth of ye Gods, & was void of labour & trouble & in wch men lived of ye spontaneus fruits of ye earth, A silver After these men died they were made Gods & there arose a second age of silver much worse then the first in wch a boy was nursed an hundred years by his mother untill he was grown up. And after they were grown they lived a while in trouble but being injurious to one another & not worshipping ye Gods nor sacrificing as they ought to do they were laid in ye grownd & had wth due honour & Iupiter raised a third age of brass vehement & strong warlike & fierce who had {illeg} weapons & houses of brass, by reason that iron was not yet found out And when these die overcoming one another died & were buried & Iupiter raised a fourth age of Heros who were called Semigods & these also were destroyed by evil war & battels some at <130r> Thebes fighting for ye wealth of Oedipus & others at Troy contending about Helena. And now saith Hed|s|iod I wish that I did not live in the fift age for now is the iron age laborious & miserable & full of cares, but Iupiter shall destroy this age of men of several \various/ languages after that their heads shall grow grey hoary. Thus far Hesiod. By ye ages its plain that he means ages genera ages of mans life for & therefore he himself lived in ye age next after the war of Troy, suppose \that is/ |within| 30 or 40 \or at most 6|5|0 or 7|6|0/ years after thi|e|s war \of Troy/. He makes ye 2d age of above 100 years duration but it is because he makes men live \much/ longer in yt age then in his own. The Egyptians made four ages of their Gods |There were four ages of the Gods of Egypt ~ ~ reigning at Thebes|, the first \was/ of Saturn who expelled the shepherds & whom Mercury painted with two faces & four wings \doing this wth respect to the times before & after ye expulsion of the shephers {sic}/, the second of Iupiter Ammon the third of Osiris \or Mars/ & the fourth of Orus Is & Mercury & the residue of the \surviving/ Tribes \Gods/. The first was peaceable, the second more unquiet, the third very warlike the fourth warlike troublesome & miserable. And Hesiod living in ye age next after these four & & applying this all Parable to ye ages \Gods/ of ye Greeks, make adds his own age a the age yt he lived in |& living in the age next after the four he counts this \his own/ age| for ye|a| fift & calls that \that/ ye Iron age \as being the last & worst/. The fourth age he ends with the wars of ye seven captains Thebes & Troy. & since Niobe the daughter of Phoroneus was the first \{illeg} woman/ & Alcmena the last {wch wth wch} wch Iupiter lay with \with & Alcmena ye last/ we may reccon the interval for \to be/ ye reign of Iupiter according to ye ancient \ancient/ Theology of the Greeks.// The Oriental nations represented a kingdom by the world consisting of Sun Moon & stars heaven & earth & thence the first \four/ ages of the Monarchy of Egypt have been taken for the first ages of ye world. |Greece knew nothing older then these four ages of the Gods & therefore recconed them the four first ages of ye world.|

The same oriental nations represented an invasion of a kingdom by a flood. The Lord bringeth upon them the waters of the river strong & many even the king of Assyria & all his glory & he shall come up over all his channels & go over all his banks & he shall pass through Iudah he shall overflow & go over he shall reach even to the neck Isa. 8.7. Waters rise up{illeg} out of the North & shall be an overflowing flood & shall overflow the land & all that is therein the city & them that dwell therein: then shall men cry at ye noise of ye horses &c Ier 47.2. Consdering therefore that Sesostris invaded Greece in the days of Amphictyon the son of Deucalion \& that Deucalion / I suspect that the colonies of ye Egyptians & Phenicians have sometimes spoken of \called/ this invasion a flood &

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Marcellin in his Chronicle tells us, Alterio et Ardabure Coss Iudic X Pannonicæ quæ per annos Orebantur \quinquaginta annos/ retirebantur, a Romanis receptæsunt

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For Athanaric according to Isidorus began his reign in the fift year of Valens, & by consequence before the death of Hermaneric.

And Ammian tells us that their king Mellobaudes was made Domesticorum comes by the Emperor Gratian A.C. 374. And Rechomer another noble Franck was made Comes domesticorum & magister utriusqꝫ militias & A.C. 384 Consul with Clearchus. He was the father of {illeg} Theudermir He was a great favorite of the Emperor Theodosius, & accompanied him in his war against Eugenius, by|u|t died in the expedition. And the Salian Francks afterwards made his son Theudemir their king.

00 255∟555gr in cubico digito aquæ 0 102222 00 204444 0 1226,6666gr  in cub. dig. miner. 00 3044444 000 76,1111gr  ☽ puræ in dig mineral. 00 608,88888888 0 4871∟11111111  in 4 dg □ 0 1217,77777777 000 202∟96296296 dwt 0000 10,148148148 oz 0000 30,444444444 0000 44444 274∟000000000 oz  in ped □ 0000 22,8333333lb  in ped 0000 68,5 li 00000 685 000000 1141666 0000 754641666  in pede cubico 0000 75 li . 9s. 1d, in pede cubico

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A Monsieur le Chevalier Newton Londres

Yet it must be allowed that the kingdom of the Salian ffranks within the Empire was strengthened by the access of other Fraks {sic} from beyond the Rhene both in the reign of Pharamund & in that of his successor Clodio. For the father of Pharamund was king of a body of Franks in Germany in the reign of Theodosius as above. And in the last year of Pharamunds reign Ætius took – –

Yet Phar the father of Pharamund being king of a body of Franks in Germany in the reign of the Emperor Theodosius as above, Pharamund might reign of the same Franks in Germany before he succeeded Theudemir in the kingdom of the Salians within the Empire & even before Theudemir began his reign. But we are not here to regard his reign in Germany. We are here to date this kingdom from its \first/ reign within the Empire, & to look upon it as \only/ strengthended {sic} by the access of other Franks coming from beyond the Rhene in the reign of this king & in that of his successor Clodio. For in the last year of Pharamunds reign Ætius took from him.

In the {beginning} Or Goar & Gundicar went over to \in conjunction with/ a party of the Romans & \at Ments/ set up Ioannus Emperor against Honorius)

In the time of this war some Franks \from beyond the Rhene/ invaded Gallia under the conduct of Genobald Marcomir & Suno but were repulsed by Stilico, & Marcomir being slain was succeeded in Germany by his son Pharamond.

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If this was not the first building of Tyre wch Iosephus put

Sidon was anciently the principal city of Phœnicia trading by Sea.

Ioppa an ancient city \of Phœ/ bordering sea port town of Phœnicia seems \also/ in these days to have been invaded either by the Shepherds \people/ coming out of Egypt or by the Egyptians upon some following occasion. For there reigned Cepheus the father of Andromeda in the days For Stephanus de in Ιὸπη tells us that this town was built by Cepheus the father of Andromeda & Conon Narrat 40 that the kingdom of Cepheus extended from the Mediterranean sea to the Arabian upon ye Red sea & Apollodorus (out of Euripedes) makes \this/ Cepheus & \his brother/ Phineas \to be/ the sons of Belus \a/ king of Egypt & \that Belus who was the reputed the/ brother of Agenor the father of Cadmus, & the time agrees well with the age of Perseus the grandfather of Euristheus who was contemporary to Hercules & the Argonauts.

Sidon was anciently the principal city of Phœnicia trading by Sea & on that account most celebrated by the Greeks so that the inhabitants of the sea the Phœn the inhabitants of the sea is so that ye inhabitants of the sea coast \before Tyre grew famous/ |So| {illeg} Homer often mentions names Sidon & Sidonians but makes no mention of Tyre. ffor this city grew up later & is therefore \by Isaiah/ called the daughter of Sidon And Trogul|s| lib 18 tells us A rege Ascaloniorum expugnati Sidonij Tyrum urbem ante annum Trojanæ cladis condiderunt. Whence Isaiah calls Tyre the daughter of Sidon the inhabitants of the Isle whom the Merchants of Sidon that pass over the Sea have replenished.

Trogul lib 18 tells us t

When David made war – sackt it. Kings upon founding or much enlarging their kingdoms usually build their royal cities more large & sumptuous as David & Solomon did Ierusalem & \some/ other cities of their kingdom & the Temple, Sesostris the cities & temples of Egypt, Nebuchadnezzar the City Babylon, Dejoces Ecbatane & Augustus Rome. And so we may reccon that the new building of Tyre was occasioned by a new dominion of the Tyrians. For Trogus lib 18 tells us A rege Ascaloniorum expugnati Sidonij Tyrum urbem ante annum Trojanæ cladis condiderunt. \{A}nd hence Isaiah calls Tyre the daughter of Zidon the inhabitants of the Isle whom the merchants of Zidon have replenished./ This \{original}/ I understand not of the \first/ building it a little town or city \of the town/ wch Iosephus saith was done 240 years before the building of Solomons Temple: but of the making it a \gre here/ populous trading city like that of Sidon & building \it/ accordingly. \For the Sidonians build|t|ing it for that purpose./ Whence And this seems to have been in the days of Hiram & his father Abibalus [the first king of Tyre {illeg} named in history] \the firs {sic} kings of Tyre named in history/. Not later because Tyre \grew great &/ was built in their days \as above/ nor much sooner because Solomon \in the begin̄ing of his reign/ calls the servants of Hiram Zidonians: I will give hire |My servants shall be wth thy servants & unto thee I will give hire| for thee thy servants according to all that thou desirest for thou knowest that there is not any amongst us any that can skill to hew timber like unto the Zidonians 1 King. 5.6. The new Tyrians \inhabitants of Tyre/ had not yet lost the name of Zidonians, nor \had/ the old Tyrians \inhabitants (if there were any) considerable number of them)/ gained the reputation of the skill of the new ones \for skill/ in hewing of Timber occasioned by shipping as they would have done had shipping been long in use at Tyre. We may reccon therefore that the king of Ascalon sackt \took/ Sidon in ye reign of David or not long before. ffor then were the Philistims in their greatest power \most powe \potent &/ active in {illeg} invading their neighbours/ & from the hostility between the Philistims & Sidonians it seems to have happened that David had friendship with the king of Tyre while he made warr upon the Philistims. [From this original of Tyre Isaiah calls it the daughter of Sidon, the inhabitants of the Isle whom the Merchants of Sidon that pass over the sea have replenished.] Tyre therefore grew great & was built in the reign of Abibalus & Hiram the two first kings of Tyre named \in/

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By the victories of David the Edomites being entirely vanquished so that \&/ the King of Edom {illeg} fled|ying| into Egypt & {illeg} \the/ Ports of the Red Sea at Eloth & Ezion gebar coming \thereby/ into Davids possession the Merch & Solomon & the Tyrians traded in those ports & & \so that/ the Israelites & Tyrians traded in those ports in the days of Solomon & some say in the days of David: it may be \thence collected/ concluded that the merchants who traded in those Ports before, all \{illeg} Edomites retired & being enemies to Israel retired &/ fled to other places & principally to Zidon then in the hands of the Philistims \who were also the enemies of Israel/, & being used to long voyages \in small vesels/ on ye Red sea began to sail upon the Mediterranean to remoter places then the Zidonians had done before & particularly to Greece. ffor in those days the Zidonians grew famous among the Greeks while Tyre was scarce known to them. Homer often names Sidon & Sidonians &|b|ut makes no mention of Tyre. And upon this {illeg} \new/ trafiqꝫ \soon/ gave occasion to new discords by teaching the Greeks navigation & by \{occasioning}/ the rapture of {illeg} \several/ weomen. For Herodotus tells us that the Phenicians were the authors of dissentions who coming from the coasts of the Red sea to the coasts of the Mediterranean streightway sailed on this Sea to remote regions with Merchandice of Egypt & Syria & coming to Argos when they had there in five or six days sold almost all their Merchandize & Io the kings daughter came wth other weomen – improvement of navigation.

When David vanquished \the/ Edom|ites| & Ioab smote every male in Edom, the Edomites fled from their country. Hadad their young King fled with his servants into Egypt & others fled to

By the victories of David the Edomites being entirely cont vanquished fled th from \their country/ the neighbouring Princes. Hadad their \young/ king fled into Egypt & \{illeg}/ anothers of their Princes seems to have fled to {illeg} fled to ye Philistims. ffor Stephanus in Azot tells us saith ταύτην ἔκτισαν εἱς των ἐπανελθόντων ἀπ᾽ Ευρ Ερυθρας θαλάσσης φυγά δων an exul or fugative from ye Red sea built Azot or Ashdod, that is, as I interpret fortified it strongly wth a Prince of Edom \flying thither/ fortified it \strongly/ against the Israelites. By the same victories the Ports of ye Red sea at Eloth & Ezion Gebar \with the trade thereof/ coming into Davids /the\ possession \of David & Solomon/ so that the Israelites & Tyrians traded in those Ports the Merchants who had traded in those Ports before were also obliged to fly to other places, \for their lives. These Merchants/ retiring \therefore/ principally to Zidon \a great Merchant City/ then in ye hands of the Philistims \who were/ the enemies of Isral|e|l & ye principal Port upon the red sea Mediterranean, & being used to long voyages in small vessels on the Red Sea & {illeg} in such wch by reason of its shallowness might be safely navigated in such small vessels as were then in use, \{illeg} & avoyding to molest the \native/ Zidonians in their ancient trade/ they began to sail upon ye Mediterranean to remoter places then the Zidonians had done before & particularly to Grece. ffor in those days – – improvement of Navigation.

The Story of Sesach in Scripture agrees perfectly to Sesostris so far as relates to Iudea \& I meet wth nothing else in scripture wch can agree to it/ [& if it {be} objected that the wars of Sesostris in Asia Vom & India are not mentioned in |other countries Arabia & Ethiopia| & his great Acts in Egypt are not told of Sesach it must be considered that the sacred history \constantly/ passes over all the Acts |trans|A|a|ctions of forreign nations excepting wherein Israel is not concerned]

\We are told in Scripture that/ Sesach came out of Egypt wth 1200 chariots & three 60000 horsmen & foot wthout number of of Lybians Troglodytes & Ethiopians (wch shews that he had conquered those was \then beco{me}/ king over all those nations) & he took ye fenced cities of Iudah & God said {illeg} the Princes of Israel shall be his servants that they may know the /my\ service of me. (that is of {illeg} \or {illeg} servitude (that is the servitude of Israel)/ & the servitude of \מהלכות מאהציט/ the kingdoms of the earth \2 Chron 12. The last/ wch words imply that after Sesak had subdued Israel he went on & subdued the kingdoms of the earth. All wch answers fully to the story of Sesostris. {illeg} He wa The Lybians Troglodites & Ethiopians were therefore \subdued &/ become the servants of Sesak before he came out of Egypt & <136r> afterwards he came out \wth a very great army/ & subdued Iudea he went on & conquered the kingdoms of the Earth. This answers fully to the story of Sesostris & there is nothing else in scripture wch answers to it nor is there any other king of Egypt mentioned in profane {illeg} Authors whose history a besides Sesostris whose history answers to that of Sesak in scripture. If it be objected that the victories of Sesak over the kingdoms of ye earth are not particularly described {illeg} in scripture it must be considered that the sacred history \is short &/ uses to take little or no notice of foreign the affairs of forreign kingdoms further then \unless so far as/ they affect the people of Israel.

This O Osiris is the great Bacchus \of ye east/ who was worshipped all over the East with his armies overran the went through the world & \Thrace & far as the Indies, slew Lycurgus in Thrace/ taught the pe nations the planting of Vines & use of wine, & was worshipped in all the east \slew Lycurgus in Thrace &/ having pillars in the Indies \with inscriptions/ returned back to Thebes., & was worshipped in all the east. Diodor l. 3. c. 4 Apollodorus l 3 c. 5. ffor Bacchus was the Egyptian Osyris. Diodor. ib. Herod. in Euterpe. And the same Bacchus (not the son of Semele) was enterteined by Amphyctyon in Attica by Semachus in the reign of Amphictyon the son of Deucalion. Symet p. 157.c. Hieron in Chron apud Euseb (Euseb Chron Gr) & by Amphyctyon himself in whose \to him was built a Temple his/ temple was a in Attica with a vault in wch were earthen statues of Amphictyon enterteining Bacchus & ye \other/ Gods & of Pegasus – Pausan in Attias

In the \holy/ Isle of \Nile neare/ Phylas was a sepulchre built to Osyris relgiously reverenced by all the Priests of Egypt wherein were laid up 360 bowles wch certain Priests appointed for that purpose filled every day wth milk & called upon ye Gods by name wth mourning & lamentation. Theo Diodor. l. 1. c. 3. These bowles In answer to ye 360 days in ye old \calendar/ year & the designe of the solemnity \filling them {illeg}/ seems to be for counting by the \the days & by them the/ years of 360 days [to observe the difference between these & the true solar years. And therefore the year of 365 days was of a later invention. This solemnity confirms that You heard above that Sasyches or L{illeg} Sesostris here called Osyris taught Astronomy \& his sacred scribe Mercury observed the stars/ & this monument confirms it & that the year in his days \age reign/ was but of 360 days. [But after they began to reccon by this year it was soon found to be short by 5 days, & therefore Amenophis was soon after augmented by 5 days]

When he undertook his journey through ye world he left the government of Egypt to his wife Isis & joyned with her mercury his sacred scribe as her chief counsellour of state [& left Hercules general of all his forces in Egypt Busiris governour of ye sea coast lower Egypt near Phœnicia & Anteus governour of Libya] And after his death Isis & Mercury celebrated his funerals wth sacrifices & divine honours & {illeg} [as to one of ye Gods] & instituted many sacred rites & mystical ceremonies in memory of his great works. This Mercury was the first that observed the motion of the stars invented Arithmetick & the art of curious graving & cutting of statues. Diodor l. 1. c

This is that Bacchus of whom Eusebius speaks

This is that Bacchus of whom Chronologers speak when they tell{illeg} us Vitis inventa a Dionysio verum non a Semeles filio & again Deucalionis f [sub Amphictyone] Deualionis {sic} f. Dionysius verum non ille Semeles filius quum in Atticam pervenisset hospitio receptus a Semacho, filiæ ejus capreæ pellem largitus est. Apud Euseb. in Chron. And Pausanias [writing of ye same Bacchus tells us | where he saith] that from the Temple of Bacchus {illeg} in Attica went a vault in wch were many \certain/ earthen statues namely \of/ Amphictyon king of Athens enterteining Bacchus & other Gods [Pausan. in Attica] [& of Pegasus who taught ye wo] & of Pegasus who taught ye worship of Bacchus in Attica by authority of ye \Delphic/ Oracle wch predicted his coming in the days of Icarius

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ffor Lycurgus was contemporary to Tharops the grandfather of Orpheus and & Triptolemus ffor Lycurgus & Triptolemus lived but one or two ages \generations/ before the expedition of the Argonauts, a[135] Lycurgus being contemporary to Tharops the grandfather of Orpheus & b[136] Triptolemus to {Persepone} \Persephone/ the daughter of Ceres & wife of Aidoneus or Orcus king of the Molossi in Epire whose daughter Proserpina \Proserpina/ Theseus & Perithous attempted to steale away.

This is that Bacchus who with his armies over\r/an the whole world \taught the planting of vines/ & slew Lycurgus king of Thrace (Diodor. l 3 c 4) the second Bacchus whom Diodorus calls the son of Io daughter of Inachus ib Diodo |For Osiris is the Eyptian Bacchus. Diodor l. 3. c 4| Some accounted him the son of Io the daughter of Inachus, \Diodor. l 3. c 4)/ that Io whom ye Phœnicians carried into Egypt, & therefore by their recconing he lived about the times of Cadmus.

Cadmus bought an Ox at coming into Phocis bought followed an Ox wch he had bought of the herdsmen of Pelagos & wch was marked on both sides with a white spot in the form of ye resembling the full Moon. Pausan l 9. c 12. This \was in imitation of the Ox Apis &/ shews that he was of the religion of the Egyptians who worshiped {illeg} that Ox & thence its probable that as the Israelites by then in the time of Moses, & Ieroboam in the time of Solomon, by staying in Egypt learnt the worship of the Calf so did the family \ancestors/ of Cadmus & therefore during the stay of the shepherds in Egypt. |during the stay of the Shepherds in Egypt| & therefore we may reccon the {man} \him/ descended from ye shepherds who came out of Egypt in the reign of the shepherds. And s|S|ome represent that the Ancestors Letters \also/ wch Cadmus brought out of Egypt into Europe came originally out of Egypt, [& Conon in his 32th Narrations tells us that Cadm when Cadmus came into Europe he was accompanied by Proteus an who fearing the tyranny of Busiris came out of Egypt & that the Phœnicians having then subdued a great part of Asia placed their royal seat at Thebes in Egypt.] being formed upon ye Egyptian Papyrus or \a/ flagg wch grew on the \banks of/ Nile in ye lower Egypt.

\Diodorus tells us that/ When Osyris tooke \above mentioned made undertook/ his expedition over ye world he left {illeg} Egypt an that Busiris in that {illeg} \the lower/ part of Egypt next Phœnicia & Conon in his 32th & 37th Narrations tells us \saith/ that when saith that Proteus fearing the tyranny of Busiris came out of Ægypt & accompanied Cadmus into Europe, & that the Phenicians \[he means the army of Sesostris mixt of Egyptians & Phœnicians]/ at {sic} |having at| that time having subdued a great part of Egypt Europe Asia placed their royal seat at Thebes in Egypt. Here he seems to take the Phœnician shepherds for those |Conon seems to confound take the Phœnicians that is the {Shi} with for| Egyptians who \reigned at Thebes &/ in the days of Sesostris reigned at {illeg} and subdued Egypt Asia & {illeg} to make Sesostris contemp \Busiris Cadmus Busiris &/ Sesostris & Cadmus contemporaries. Its probable that ye Phœnicians & Egyptians were in those days pretty much intermixed, many Phœnicians shepherds being left in Egypt & many Phœnicians flying thither from David & many Egyptians being \afterwards/ left in Phœnicia \& th/ by Sesostris, all wch might give occasion to the Greeks sometimes to confound them two nations.

Herodotus

Herodotus

D

– Herodotus

Diodorus tells us that when Osyris abovementioned undertook his expedition over the world he left Busiris in the lower part of Egypt next Phœnicia. &|A|nd Conon in his 32th & 37th Narrations saith that Proteus fearing the tyranny of Busiris came out of Egypt & accompanied Cadmus into Europe, & that the Phœnicians \[he means the Phenicians & Egyptians intermixt]/ having at|b||out| that time subdued a great part of Asia placed their royal seat atThebes in Egypt. [By the Phenicians he seems to mean either the nations wch fled from David & mixed wth ye armies of Sesostris or the shepherds wch afterward returned into Egypt & reigned there in the days of Asa, or both without distinguishing the times or \else/ the Egyptians who seated themselves in Phœnicia such as \{illeg}/ Agenor the father of Cadmus & Cepheus the father of Andromeda are reputed to be. ffor Cepheus was descended \came/ from Thebais & reigned at Ioppe in Phœnicia his kingdom extending from ye Red \Mediterranean/ Sea to those Arabians who inhabit the Red Sea.

<136Ar>

After the destruction of Troy & death of Æneas there reigned 14 Kings at {Alba} untill the building of Rome wch at 20 years to a reign one with another will take up 280 years. And the seven kings of Rome \before the Consuls/ six of them being either slain or expelled, might take up about 90 or \90 or/ 100 years more: [in all \Thus there are/ about 380 years from the death of Æneas to the consulships of the first Consuls Iunius Brutus & Valerius Poplicola.] And this recconing places the death of Æneas {illeg} the flight of Dido as Virgil has represented \in the reign of/ Pigmaleon, & the destruction of Troy in that of his Predecessor.

Diodorus saith in his 40th book – – – – in the days of Eli Samuel & David

After Amosis had conquered all the lower Ægypt, his son & successor Ammenemes or Ammon by his conquests laid the foundation of the Egyptian Empire. In his days &c – – – Hiram & Adad – – – unus sit Iupiter Ammon

The ancient Egyptians – – – – – – before the reign of Amenophis

Sesach the son & successor of Ammon first warred under his father being the son & successor Hero or Hercules of the Egyptians during his father's reign – – – – – – Hiram & Adad.

In the days of Amosis Ammon & Sesak the writing of the Thebans & Ethiopians was – – – – in the shapes of these creatures.

And while this new kingdom thus deified her Princes – – – – then the Gods of any other kingdom had been before, so as to be called the Dij magni majorum gentium. For by the hierophical {sic} figures of many of these Gods you may & the towns in Egypt dedicated to them you may know that they were of an Egyptian original.

& Zerah was succeeded by Memnon who lost the lower Egypt & recovered it again about 20. or 25|4| years before the Trojan war.

When Asa

When Zerah – Ioshua

The Greeks feigned that Memnon was the son of Tithonus the elder brother of Priam king of Troy went into Æthiopia & was the father of Memnon. When {Sesostris} returned into Egypt with many captives he took Tithonus along with him And Whence I seem to gather that {illeg} Memnon was born soon |Tithonus the elder brother of Priam went into Ethiopia, being carried thither I think, by Sesostris among many captives b by Sesostris, & the Greeks before the days of Hesiod feigned that Memnon was his son Tithonus the elder brother of Priam & the Greeks feigned that Memnon was the son of Tithonus| after the return of Sesostris into Egypt, suppose about 18 or 20 years after the death of Solomon |Memnon therefore in the opinion of those ancient Gree the opinion of the ancient Greeks was born after the return of Sesak into Egypt| He reigned long is said to have lived \very/ long, & if he lived to ye age of 75 or 80 \so might die about 90 or about / years his death might \might/ happen \& dye/ about 90 \or 100/ years after the death of Solomon where we placed it \as we recconed/ above. His mother in a statue erected to her in Egypt was represented the daughter the wife & the mother of a king: \& therefore he was the son of a king/ wch makes it probable that he succeded Zerah in the kingdom by right of inheritance. whom he succeeded was his father. in the kingdom, was his father.

Historians agree – – – – – – – gave occasion to the building of it. He outlived Cynyras the Vulcan of Egypt \of Egypt/ who furnished the kings of Egypt with armour & upon his death might found that famous temple to Vulcan in Memphys.

Herodotus the oldest historian next after Solon who wrote of the \Egyptian/ antiquities \of Egypt/ & had what he wrote from the Priests of Egypt, tells us that those Priests recited out of their books the names of 330 kings who reigned after Menes their first king but did nothing memorable except Nitocris a Queen, & Mœris, & Sesostris, Pheron, Pheron Proteus, Rhampsinitus, Cheops, Chepren, Mycerinus Asychis, Anysis, & Sabacus \an/ Æthiopian. The Egyptians before the days of Solon had made their antiquities 9000 years older then the truth, & here to make it out they reccon to Herodotus a succession of above 300 kings. But before the use of letters they could not write down the names of their kings \They could only represent them by Cyphers & write down their histories of the men represented by \those cyphers// & if wth Herodotus we omit the names of those kings who did nothing memorable the kings of Egypt who reigned after Menes \at Memphis/ will \will/ be as follows.

After Menes reigned {illeg} \He was succeeded by/ his son Ramses called by Herodotus Rhampsinitus. He built the western Portico of the Temple of Vulcan, & Mœris built the northern Portico & therefore reigned after them both. He built also the Lake of Moeris

<136Av> [Editorial Note 50]

Cinyras the \husband of Venus & the/ Vulcan who made armour for his benefactors the kings of Egypt lived till the times of the Trojan war & by his death might then give occasion to the building of the Temple to him by Amenophis at Memphys. The kings of Egypt reigned first at Thebes & then at Memphis & Thebes was famous in Homers days \being the royal city of Ammon, Osiris & Orus/ but Memphys grew famus afterwds {sic} & therefore became not the seat of the kings of Egypt before the days of that Poet, nor were the Pyramids & other famous works \at Memphys/ {next} Memphys made neare Memphys by the kings of that city. In a plane         Cyn Cinyras the Vulcan who married Venus & made for Me Cyn Menes who founded |then erected. Menes who built that city translated made it the seat of the kingdom & he & his successors adorned it after the times of the Trojan war.| Cy|i|nyras the husband of Vulcan who married Venus & under the Kings of Egypt reigned over Cyprus & part of Phœnicia & \being subject to those kings/ made armour for them those his Kings lived till af \after/ the taking of Tr\o/y. And upon his death Menes \or Memnon/ might \deify him &/ found the T famous Temple of Vulcan in that city \for his worship/ but not live to finish it. In a plane not far from Memphys are – – – – – – – & princes of that city.

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Saosduceus suceed {sic} Assarhadon in ye year of Nabonasser 80, & reigned 20 years & was succeded by Chiniladon in ye year of Nabonassar 100 was succeeded by {illeg} Chiniladon who reigned 22 years & left the Monarchy divided between Nabopulassar king of Babylon & Sardanapalus king of Nineveh whence arose a new Æra of the kingdom of Babylon mentioned \used/ by Ezekiel \ch. 1.1/ For in ye 5t year of Iehojakins captivity wch was the 30th of this Æra, Ezekiel tells \us/ that in the 30th year in ye 4th month he saw the visions of God It came to pass, saith he, in ye 30th year in ye 4th month in ye 5t day of ye month, wch was in the 5t year of Iehojakins captivity, that ye word of ye Lord came expresly unto Ezekiel ye Priest in the Land of the Chaldeans by ye river Chebar. Ezek. 1.1.

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For
The Much Honoured
Isaac Newton Esquire,
Master of the Mint,
at his house in Germin Street,
near St Iames's Church.
Westminster. London

<138r>

{illeg}l fair mille Compliments {illeg}ct; il luy en{vo}ye l'argene {illeg} mal notte, e '{ur} a dies {illeg}uy en fair ses excuses; 'd {illeg}on cu stem reccouis, en il {illeg}des tuin, si mouriur {illeg}pas hounitimeme fair {illeg}aujourdhuy

{illeg}que l' autre Millet {atoic} {illeg} ction mal notte; {mounicus}{illeg} & vouloir {Muim} le faire {illeg}iuil

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14 B: pcs – 16 li – 6 B: pcs – 658 li – 3 B: pcs – 2716 li 10 B: pcs – 812 li – 3 B: pcs – 300li 24 B: pcs – 2038 000 4 B: pcs – 878 000 1 B: pcs – 001116 000 7 B: P – 339 000 2 B: pcs – 228 000 7958 000 15 317 16(191316 143 302932 0 206 0091532 1944 1859 0051:10 0025:15 0006:08:9 1937:13:9 00 00 00 8 B: P– 134 19 B: P– 11316 21 B: P– 1316 34 B: P– 11516 12916 696 55 3230 32300 35536 17760 8880 170 9050 8960 590 91332 90 810 022:10 011:5 003 846

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\are to be placed after him And/ And {sic} I take the due order to be this. Ammon, Sesostris \{illeg}/, Pheron, \{illeg}/ Proteus Menes \{illeg}/ & Proteus \& Osarsiphus Menes,/ Mœris Rhampsinitus \or Rameses/, Mœris, Cheops, Cephren, Mycerinus, Nitocris, Asychius Gnephactus &c \Gnephactus, Boccharis/ Anysis, Sabacus & c. And the names of these Kings variously {corrected} make up a great part of the Dynasties of Manetho. |Anysis reigned in the lower Egypt & therefore I put Gnephactus & Boccharis in his room as kings of Memphys|

Peron is by Herodotus

Pheron is by Herodotus called the son & successor of Sesostris & so sems to be the same king with Orus, called Pharaoh or Pheron after his fathers death. Pliny calls him Nuncorcus.

Zerah reigned before the death of \the Gods/ Isis Bubaste & Thoth

Proteus reigned in the lower Egypt when Paris sailed thither with Helena that is 20 years before the taking of Troy & so might be \either/ Osarsiphus \or a Viceroy/. The name Proteus signifies a Prince \or President/ & Herodotus tells us that it was the kings name translated into Greek, & that he rose up from among the common people Conon calls him an Egyptian Prophet, that is, a Priest, & Iosephus tells us that Osarsiphus was Priest of Heliopolis. He revolted from Amenophis & was conquered by him.

Amenophis reigned next after the Gods & by conquering Ze Osarsiphus became king of all Egypt & built a palace at Abidus & the Memnonia \&/ Susa \By corruption of his name/ He {sic} is called \M{illeg}\asni// Menes, \Exephnes, Nenephes,/ Osimandes, Memnon, Arminon. After he had built – After this king had built Memphys & the Temple of Vulcan he was succeeded by his son called by Herodotus R\h/ampsinitus & by others Ramses, Rameses Ramesses, Remphis, Rhampses. This king built the western portico of the Temple of Vulcan, & Mœris built the northern Portico thereof \more sumptuously/ & therefore reigned after them both. He also made – – – – – Thuoris &c.

Diodorus places Vchoreus between Osimanduas & Myris or Memnon & Mœris, & says that – – – – corruption of the name. We may reccon therefore that Mœris \Vchoreus/ translated the seat of the kingdom from Thebes to Memphys, & that he was either Mœris or his immediate predecessor.

After the example of the two brick Pyramids made by Mœris the next Kings Cheops, Chephren & Mycerinus built three great Pyramids of Marble. Cheops is also called Chembis, Chemnis, Phiops, Phius, Suphis Sanphis, Sipphoas, Siphaosis, Soiphis, Siphuris, Anoiphes, Anoysis, Apappus maximus. And Mycerinus is called also Bicheres, Cervinus, Chœres, Moscheres, Mencheres. This king died before the third Pyramid was finished & his sister & successor Nitocris finished it. Then reigned Asychis who built the eastern Portico of the Temple of Vulcan very splendidly, & a large Pyramid of brick made of the mud dug out of ye Lake of Mœris. And these are the kings who reigned at Memphys & spent their time in adorning that city untill Egypt became again divided into many small kingdoms. ffor Nitocris & Asychis were succeeded at Thebes & Memphys by Gnephactus (otherwise called Neochabis, Nectabis & Technates) & his son Boccharis, at Sais by Stephanates Nicepsus & Nechus, at Tanis by Petubastes Osorchon Psammis & Zet or Sethon & at Anysis or Hanes (Isa. 30.4) by {illeg} Anysis \or Amosis/ a blind man of that city. Herod. l. 2. And Egypt being weaked {sic} by this division was again invaded & conquered by the Ethiopians under Sabacon or Sabacus who slew Boccharis & Nechus & made Anysis fly.

Isaias speaking of – – – – serve the Assyrians.

Among the great works of the kings of Egypt were their Obelisks And Pliny tells us that the first Obelisk was made by Mitres (that is Mephres) who reigned in Heliopolis, & afterwards other kings in the same city made others, Sachis (that is, Sesochis or Sesak) four, each of 48 cubits in length Ramises two, Smarres (that is Manus or Mœris one of 48, Eraphius (or Hophara) one of 48 & Nectabis one of 80.

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Some And perhaps the conjecture \is not {illeg} improbable/ that the names of Æthiopia & Ægypt \Αἰα Θηβων & Αἰα Κοπτου might/ come from the cities Thebes & Coptus being \once/ the royal cities \seats/ of two kingdoms, & \that they/ signify \ffor/ Αἰα-Θή{illeg}\βον/ & Αἰα Τ Κόπτου \signify/ the land of Thebes & the land of Coptus. [And so The land of Pathros might originally signify the land wch was \anciently/ under the dominion of the City Pathros. And so Mizraim might \anciently/ signify the land on both sides the Nile under the dominion of the city Mesir. But in time, these name the \these names might acqure a larger/ signification of these names might be enlarged so that Ethiopia should include \extending to all/ the people upon the Nile below the lower Cataract. That the land of Pathros should comprehend \to/ all Thebais & {illeg} Mizraim \to/ all the lower Egypt peopled from Misraim after the invention of corn.

And perhaps the conjecture is not improbable that the names of Æthiopia & Ægyptus came \originally/ from the cities Thebes & Coptus being once the royal seats of two kingdoms, the Hebrew word AI or Greek word Αἰα being prefixed to signify the land of those cities, & the name Æthiopia being afterward extended to all the country upon the Nile above Thebais \Coptus/ & that of Egypt to all the country upon the Nile below Syene. \For Herodotus tells us that Egypt was anciently the name of Thebais./ And so [the land of Pathros might at first signify only the land under the dominion of the city Pathros, &] Mizraim might at first signify only the land on both sides the Nile under the dominion of the city Mesir & afterwards be extended to all the lower Egypt peopled from Mizraim \thence/ upon the invention of corn. And the And the land of Pathros might originally signify ye land under the dominion of the city Pathros /As Homer places Thebes in Ethiopia so Herodotus tells us that Ægypt was anciently ye name of Thebais \that is of the upper Egypt including Coptus & \to this day/ the Egyptians {illeg} call themselves Coptites/\ \whence its probable/ – that Ægyptus & Æthiopia \& Egypt/ were originally \the names of/ two kingdoms under the dominion of Coptus & Thebes, the hebrew word Ai or Greek word Αἰα wch signifies a land, being prefixed to denote the Land of Coptus \Thebes/ & the land of Thebes \Coptus/ & that the names were afterwards extended by conquest, the one \Æthiopia/ to \all/ the people upon the Nile \{illeg}/ above t|T|he|bes| Cataract & the other \& Egypt/ to all the people upon the Nile below {illeg} Syene. {illeg} \For Herodotus tells us that Egypt was anciently the name of Thebais, that/ And so Mizraim might at first signify \only/ the people {illeg} on both sides the Nile subject to the city Mesir \next above the Delta/, & afterwards be extended to all the lower Egypt peopled from the kingdom nation after \thence by/ the invention of corn.

From the 15th year of Asa to the beginning of Æra of \in wch Amenophis began his reign, to the beginninng of ye Æra \of// Nabonassar {illeg} \were/ 200 years & this space intervall of time allows room for about 10 or 11 years a piece reigns at \about/ 18 or 20 years a piece. And so many reigns there were according to ye accounts of Herodotus & Diodorus compared together as above.

[Editorial Note 51]

Osarsiphus, Osorcho, Osocher, Tosorthrus Tosertasis.

Mœris, Maris, Myris Miris, Masrus, Ayres, Biyres, Soris, Vchoreus, Lachasis, Labacis Tuoris. Tyris.

Sesochris, Mesochris, Sesostris, Sethos, Sethosis. Sesonchosis

Amenophis, Amenoph, Menoph, Moph, Noph, Venephes, Osimanduas, Menes Amenophtis

Soiphis, Siphuris, Suphis, Phius, Phiops, Saophis, Apappus, Siphoas, Siphaosis, Anoyses, Cheops, Chambis, Chemmis, Anoiphes

Cephren Suphis, Saophis, Sensaophis, Mente-Suphis, Metha-suphis, Echeseos, Aches{illeg}eus-Ochares

Mycerinus, \Bicheres,/ Cerimus, \Chœres/ Moscheres, Mencheres, Cerpheres, Chœris, Mo

Gnephacthus, Neochabis, Nectabis, Technates

Mense Menop

<142r>

[137]& the death of Codrus & beginning of the Archons for life about 200 years before the decennial archons

The \flood of Deucalion &/ beginning of the golden age about the 16th year of David. The birth of Chiron & end of the golden age about the beginning of Solomons reign. The end of the golden age & beginning of the reign of Minos about the {illeg}|4|th year of Solomon. The birth of Apis or Epopeus king of Argus the son of Iupiter by Niobe the daughter of Inach Phoroneus the first woman with whome Iupiter lay during his reign among men called the silver age, about the 5t year of Solomon The death of Minos & en The birth of Hercules the son of Iupiter by Alcmena the last woman with whom Iupiter lay during his reign on earth called the silver age about the 8th or 10th year of Solomon Rehoboam. The death of Minos & end of the silver age about the 9th or 10th year of Rehoboam. The Kingdom of Tyre erected by Abibalus the father of Hiram about the 16th year of David. The death of Abibalus & beginning of the reign of Hiram in 33th year of David. The coming of Asterius or Saturn into Italy in conflagration of mount Ida in Crete & the invention of iron The birth of Minos & Perseus about the 20th or 22th year of David. The coming of Asterius Oenotrus or The conflagration of Mount Ida in Crete & the invention of iron about the 23th year of David. The coming of Oenotrus or Ianus into Italy about the 25th year of David. The coming of Asterius or Saturn into Italy about the 4|5|th year of Solomon. The coming of Evander & his mother Carmenta into Italy about the {illeg}|25|th year of Solomon. The expedition of Hercules to the mouth of the straits & his setting up the two pillars there & conquering Gerion in Spain & carrying his cattel with the Sicani through Gall. & Italy into Sicily, {illeg} thence called Sicany, about the {illeg}|24|th year of Solomon. The invasion of Sicily by the Siculi under the conduct of Siculus the son of Italus about the {31th} 29th year of Solomon. The rapture of Ganimede by Tantalus about the 5t year of Solomon. The coming of Pelops into Greece about the 28|14|th year of Solomon. The coming of Ceres into Greece about the {illeg} \2{illeg}|4|th/ year of David. \Solomon David. The death of Ceres &/ And T|t|he institution of the Eleusinia Sacra \& death of Erechtheus/ about the 12|4|th year of Solomon. Phœmonoë made the first Priestess of Iuno Argiva about the 12th       year of Solomon. The Amphictyonic Council instituted by Amphictyon at Thermopylæ about the {30}/26\th year of David & by Acrisius at Delphos     about the 8th       year of Solomon. The birth of Theseus about the 32|1|th year of Solomon. The death of Androgeus the eldest son of Minos about the 30th year of Solomon. The expedition of Theseus against to Crete against the Minotaur \& death of his father Ægeus/ about the 18th year of Rehoboam The rapture of Hellena by Theseus about the year before the Argonautic expedition, she being he being then 50 years old & she but seven or at the most but ten. The rapture of Hellena by Paris about ten years after that expedition The war between the Thessali called Centaurs & the Lapithæ about 20 or 25 years before the Argonautic Expedition. The hunting of the Calydonian Boar about a year or two after that Expedition. The war of the seven Capitains at Thebes about 10 years after that Expedition. The Isthmian games instituted by Sisyphus king of Corinth in memory \honour/ of Phryxus & Helle the children of his brother Athamas, about the 36|8| year \end/ of Solomons reign or beginning of Rehoboams reign. The birth of Æneas the son of Anchises & Callycopis the Venus of the ancients, about eight \nine/ years after Solomons death, the marriage of this Venus with Vulcan or Cinyras {illeg} then king of Lemnos & her adultery with Mars, {illeg} the next year. Lavinium built in Italy about 5 or by Æneas about 5 or 10 years after the taking of Troy. Alba built there about 30 years after Lavinium. Hellus slain by Echemus about The Bœotians being driven from Æna by the Thessali seiz Cadmeis & call it Bœotia about 60 years after the taking of Troy. Codrus the last king of Athens slain |The death of Codrus the last king of Athens & the Ionic migration under his sons| about {illeg} {illeg} 7 years after the taking of Troy or {illeg} 7 years after the return of the Heraclides. Then Athens was governed by 13 Archons for life. the last of wch reigned only two years {illeg}. The other 12 \Archons/ at about 16|5| years at a a piece one wth another reig might take up about 2{illeg}|180| years. Then succeeded seven decennial archons wch if one or two of them died in his regency might take up about {illeg} 50 years. Then reigned annual Archons the first of \which/ called Creon might be created elected about the 47th or 48th Olympiad. Among these {illeg} were \the two law-makers/ Draco about the 49th Olympiad & Solon about 5{illeg}|4|th. Within 5 or 10 years after the death of Codrus was the Ionic migration under the sons of Codrus. The first Æolic migration (that \from Aulis/ under Penthilus base son of Orestes) from Aulis) about 50 years after the taking of Troy. The second Æolic migration (that under Archeleus \Ech{elatus}/ the son of Orestes Penthilus) about 80|5| or 90 years after the taking of Troy. The third remove of the Æoles under Grays the youngest son of \Archelaus or/ Echelatus about 120 years after ye taking of Troy. The Romans recconed it about 244 years before ye Consuls that is an. 1 Olymp. 7. Varro made it two years earlier following the opinion of Ternu Tarutius an Astrologer who pretended to discovered \it/ by his {illeg} art.

<142v>

Acrisius marries Eurydice the daughter of Lacedemon & Sparta & of her begets Danar, about the tenth \14th/ year of David. \Asuerus comes to Crete &/ The {sic} Phœnician merchants begin to sail as far from Sidon as far as Greece & carry away Io the daughter of Inachus about the 18th year of David. The mysteries of Ceres at Eleusine & those of Rhea in Phrygia instituted about the 18th year of Solomon. The death of Erectheus about the 12th year of Solomon.

Amphion & Zetus slay Lycus put Laius the son of Labdacus to flight & reign in Thebebes about the 30th year of Solomon. Oedipus kills his father Laius about 22 years after the death of Solomon. Euristheus & Galanor the sons of Sthenelus reign in Mycenæ & Gelanor expelled by Danaus about 36 years after the death of Solomon. Theseus being 50 years old steals Helena then seven years old, or at the most 10 years old. Perithous the son of Ixion endeavouring about 43 years after ye death of Solomon & the same year Perithous the son of Ixion endeavouring to steal Persephone the daughter of Orpheus king of the Molossians is slain by the dog of Orcus & his companion Theseus is taken & imprisoned, & Hellena is set at liberty by her brothers Castor & Pollux. And the next year was the Argonautic expedition, & nine or ten years after was the war at Thebes. And the next year, after the death of Hercules Euristheus drove the Heraclides out of Italy & was slain by Hyllus the son of Hercules & Hyllus was slain three years after by Echemus

[Editorial Note 52]

And his contemporay {sic} Ennius made Rome above an hundred years older then the Olympiads.                 Theseus might be slain within 4|3| or 4 years after ye Arg. Exp. years before the death \birth/ of Minos. |&| After {sic} Theseus, Attica had six kings till the death of Codrus & \the/ Ionic migration under his Sons, & then was governed by twelve successive Archons for life, & then by seven decennial Archons: \And if there were so many,/ The kings \at 16 or 17 years a piece/ might take up 100 year the Archons for life 200 years & the decennial archons 40 or 50 years two or three of them dying in their regency. And according to this recconing the annual Archons might begin about the 48th Olympiad. Fo

Aminocles governed the first ship of the order of The Triremes

\There have been various {illeg} opinions about the original of Rome/ Ennius who was contemporary to Quintus Fabius Pictor the oldest historian of the Romās made Rome {sic} \that city/ above 100 years older then the Olympiads. Varro {illeg} \dated it from {illeg}/ an. 3 Olymp. 6. The following therein the opinion of Tarutius an Astrologer who pretended to find it out by his art. The common opinion placed \dated/ it \from/ an 3|1| Olymp. 7. By the preceding account, if 22 reigns at 18 / & Rome will be built about the 36th Olympiad. [According to the common opinion it \was/ built an 1 Olymp 7. in the seventh Olympiad. Varro Varro dated it an. 3 Olymp. 6 following the opinion of Tarutius an Astrologer who pretended to find \out/ by his art. Ennius \M. Portius/ Cato who was Consul an. 2. Olymp. 146 dated \made/ the city 432 years later then the taking of Troy. And upon this foundation was grounded the vulgar opinion of the Romans that the city was founded \built/ An 1. Olymp. 7. But this opinion was not received in the days of Ennius the Poet. ffor he made it above an hundred years older then the Olympiad. Varro dated it – – – – out by his art.

A & Rome will be built about the 36 Olympiad. |M.| Portius Cato who was Consul an 2 Olymp. 146 made the city 492 years later then the taking of Troy, wch is after the rate of \almost 33 3334/ 3245 years a piece to the reigns of the 15 kings between the buil destruction of death of Aeneas & the building of Rone {sic} {illeg} We allow but 18 years a piece to those 15 Kings. He placed the destruction of Troy \about 408/ 433 years before the first Olympiad: we place it but about 132 years before. Before the recconing of Cato became the vulgar opinion Plinius Ennius who flourished in the 143|4| Olympiad, recconed the building of Rome above an hundred years older then the Olympiad. And Varro followed the opinion of Tarutius who being an Astrologer pretended to determin{illeg} the time of building this city by his Art./ This deduction is grounded upon allowine allowing only 18 years apiece one to the 15 Kings between the taking of Troy & the building of Rome & to ye seven one with another; that M M. Portius Cato wch was set on foot wch was generally received by the Romans was set on foot by M. Portius Cato who was Consul an. 2 Olmp. 146, & was grownded upon allowing about 32 years a piece to these kings one wth another [22, 33. 676] wch is much too long for the course of nature. Before this opinion was set on foot by Cato, Ennius the Poet who reconed the building of Rome above an hundred years older then the tenth Olympiads. And the oldest Roman his/ But The Romans recc \M. Portius Cato/ putting the reigns of their kings equal to generations made the city//. The Curetes sacrificed children – – – – nursed up Iupiter, But according to Diodorus when the Iland had its name from the Curetes, or Eteocrites \whatever was was {sic} the original of the name of the Island/, it doth not appear to have been peopled above two or three generations before the reign of Asterius.

<143r>

About 60 years after the destruction of Troy, the Bœotians being driven from Arna by the people of Thessaly invaded Cadmeis (then the country subject to The{bes)} & called it Bœotia. And about 100 or 110 years after the destruction of Troy Co \was the war between the Athenians & Ionians in which Co/drus king of Athens devoted himself for his country, & his sons {illeg} soon after led the Ionians into Asia minor. And about 200 years after the taking of Troy the Corinthians began to build \large/ ships with three orders of oars called triremes & \soon after/ {illeg} after \more/ ship Amenocles {illeg} center of Corinth \their builder/ built four such ships for those of the island Samus. |This {was} almost 300 years before the end of the Peloponnesian war. Theod. l. 1 Chap.| Hitherto the Greeks had used long {vessels of} 50 oars, like that of the Argonauts, but henceforward they began to apply themselves to sea affairs. And about 20 or 40 \or 30/ years after This \or 660 years before Chr/ there was a sea fight between ye Corinthians & Corcyreans wch was the oldest sea fight of the Greeks. This fight is by Thucydides placed not above|ut| 260 years before the end of the Peloponnesian war. & not above, that is about 660 years before Christ. And \even allow/ thenceforward sent out several Colonies by sea \And/ Archias a Corinthian led a colony into Sicily about 656 years before Christ \soon after/ & built Syracuse

The Scythians

till the times of the Trojan war. Cicero mentions six Hercules: One of wch [was \the son of Iupiter & Luciter contended wth Apollo, another/ the son of Alcmena, another one of the Idæi Dactyli, another the \the {sic} Tyrian the/ son of Iupiter & A Asteria, another the Egyptian the son of Nilus, another the Indian called Belus. But the three last seem to be one & the same.] was the Ægyptian the son of the Nile, another the Indian called Belus, & a third the Tyrian the son of Iupiter & Asteria. But these three seem to be one & the same. The Indian Hercules called Belus by the Assyrians & Chaldeans can be no other then him that conquered India & there set up the Pillars. And the Tyrian Hercules sems to be him to whom \according to Suidas was contemporary to Minos &/ the Tyrian soon after the Trojan war built a Temple unto \him/ in the Island Gades. {illeg} And think was the Egyptian. ffor he was the first who discovered that Island T It was by the favour of this Hercules that Solomon & the Tyrians had a fleet upon the red sea. Vpon that account the Tyrians might compliment him in the do wth the title of Melec-cartus & build a Temple to him in Tyre & another in Gades

And About 20 years before the return of the Heraclides & sixty years after ye taking of Troy was \(according to Thucydides)/ the Bœotians seized invaded Cadmeis & called it Bœotia (according to Thucydides) & about 20 or 30 \100 or 110/ years after that return war was the death of Codrus \&/ the Ionic Migration under the conduct of the|is| sons. of Codrus. And

Thucydides (in his sixt book) tells us that the Greeks almost 300 years after the Siculi had out of Italy had invaded Sicily with a great army & put the Sicanes to flight the Greeks \began to/ come into Sicily. And first Thucles those of led a colony from \Coalvis in/ Eubea & \built/ Nanus in Sicily & the next year Archias came from Corinth \to Sicily/ & built Syracuse. And about the same time Lamis came into Sicily with a colony from Megara in Achaia & lived first in Trotilum, then in Leontini & then at Thap{illeg}|s|us neare Syracuse where Lamis \he/ died. And after his death they were bid \invited/ by Hylba to Megara & from him called Hybleans. And after they had lived there 245 years, they were driven out from thence by Gelo king of Sicily. Now Gelo reigne flourished about the year \before Christ/ 4{illeg}|7|{illeg}|8|. Count backwards \then/ 245 years & the reign of the a little more I suppo the add the about {illeg}|10| years more for{illeg} the reign of Lamis, & the building of Syracuse by Archias will be about \{illeg}/ I {illeg} 27 years before Christ. Count backwards a {illeg} almost 300 years more \or about {illeg} 27 years/ & the invasion of Sicily by the Siculi will be 1021 \almost 1033 or abou {sic} almost 10{illeg}|00| years/ years {sic} before Christ, that is, a {illeg} after the 17th year of David or about the end of Davids reign. This invasion Mr Dowell from Dionysius Halicarnasseus places five ys after the Sicani were left there by Hercules. |[or about the 12{illeg}th year of Solomons reign {illeg} The migration of the Sicani into Italy Mr Dowel from Dioys {sic}. Halicarn. places five years earlier.| \that being the distance of time between the two first migrations out of Italy into Sicily/ And according to this recconing the \{western}/ Expedition of Hercules in wch he set up the pillars conquered Gerion & left the Sicani in Sicily, was not ancienter then the last half of ye reign of David & |end of Davids reign or the beginning of Solomons, {illeg} reign {illeg} reign of Solomon &| this Hercules was contemporary to Sesac. So then the Greeks in the days of Thucydides had not raised their antiquities so high by far as they did \{so many} years/ afterwards by admitting the fables of Ctesias.

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Aminocles naupegus Corinthius ad Samos se contulit annis prope \ferre/ 300 ante finem belli Peloponnesiaci [A. ante Chr. 104] & ibi naves quatuor compegit Thucyd. l. 1. p. 10 Et Corinthij primi ex omni Græcia Triremes condiderunt [A. an. Ch. 7{illeg}|26|. vel 706.

{illeg} Vetustissimum navale prælium fuit inter Corinthos et Corcyrenses annis ad summum {illeg} 260 ante finem illius belli [A. an. Ch. 6{illeg}|6|4{illeg} or 670]

Corcyra built by the Corinthians

When the Corinthians began to send out Colonies by sea they sent out a colony wch built Corcyra, sup [An. 1 Olymp. 18{illeg} Euseb. Chr.] An. ante Chr. 708 And And some years after this, the Corcyreans sent out a Colony under the conduct of Phalius a Corinthian wch built Epi{illeg}damnus a city of Macedonia upon the Adriatic sea. This city being afterwards in distress & being denyed assistance by the Corcyreas {sic} submitted it self to the Corinthians upon obteining their assistance. And thence arose a this occasioned a battel at fight at sea between the Corinthians & Corcyreans, wch was the oldest sea fight in memory of history. This fight according to Thucydides was about 260 years before ye end of the Peloponnesian war, that is 664 years before Christ 40 years after the coming of Aminocles to \Samus/ Corinth & perhaps about 60 or 70 more after the first be Corinthians \And the Greeks/ began to build Triremes \& send out Colonies by sea/ not long before. From the colonies wch they sent into Sicily & the southern parts of Italy those regions had the name of Magna Græcia. They built Leontini in Sicily eleven years after Italy \Syracuse/ & Gela 45 years after Syracuse & Selinuns 100 yeaf|r|s after Megara & Acracante 108 years after Gela

Thucydides tells us that Aminocles a ship-builder of C

Thucydides tells \us/ that the Corinthians were the first of the Greeks who built T ships wth three orders of Oars called Triremes & that Aminocles a ship-carpenter of Corinth \went to Samus/ about three hundred years before the end of the Peloponnesian war or \&/ built four such ships for the Samians: & that the two hundred & sixty years before the end of that war there was a sea fight at sea between the Corinthians & S Corcyreans wch was oldest sea fight upon record \mentioned in history./ This fight was therefore 664 years before before {sic} Christ & Aminocles went from Corinth \to Samos to build Triremes/ 704 years before Christ, & the Corinthians began to build Triremes a few years before

Thucydides tells us that \when the Greeks began first to send out Colonies by sea/ [the Greeks began to come into Sicily almost 300 years – – – – – \& about 12 years more for the reign of Lanus/ & the building first coming of the Greeks into Sicily & their] building of Naxus & Syracuse will be about 734|5| years before Christ. Ahd there Eusebius & \later other/ Chronologers now place them. Hitheto {sic} the seas were infested with Pirates, but now the Greeks beginning to build Triremes, they were enabled \thereby/ to send out Colonies without danger of the pirates, & by the Colonies wch they sent out henceforward into Italy & Sicily those countries obteined the name of Magna Græcia.

Hellanicus (an author one generation older then Thucydide) tells us tells us that the Siculi came \out of Italy in/ into Sicily three \in the third/ generations that is (according to the recconing of Chronologers in those days one hundred years) before the Trojan war, \before the Trojan war/ in the 26 year of the priesthood of Alcione Priestess of Iuno Argiva; [that is, (according to the recconing of Chronologers in those days) about 90 or 100 years before that war. [And this \was/ almost 300 years after the Sicul before the end of the Peloponnesian war wch agrees with the recco] or about a thousand years before Christ. And this is confirmed by the above mentioned recconing of Thucydides. And \He tells us also/ that there were two migrations out of Italy into Sicily, the first of the Elymi of {illeg} who fled from the Oenotri, the other of the five years after of the Ausones fleeing under the conduct of Siculus the son of Italus from whom the people & Island had its name. And Philistus of Syracuse tells us that this last \{illeg}/ colony was \a colony/ of the Ligures \under Siculus the son of Italus/ 80 years before ye Trojan war & that there And Dionysius Halycarn. tells us that this Colony passed into Sicily almost 300 years before the Greeks \first/ coming of the Greeks \came/ into Sicily {illeg} when they \that Island/ \&/ build|t|ing Naxus & Syracuse, that is almost 1035 years before Christ <144r> He tells us further that the first Colony wch the Greeks sent into Sicily came from Chalcus in Eubæa under the conduct of Thucles & built Naxus, & that Archias came \into Sicily/ the next year with a colony from Corinth & built Syracuse, & that Lamis about the same time came into Sicily wth a Colony from Megara in Achaia & lived first at Trotilum then at Leontini & then at Thapsus neare Syracuse where he dyed; & that after his death the Colony was invited by Hyblo to Megara \in Sicily/ & lived there 245 years till Gelo king of Sicily expelled them. Now Gelo flourished about the year before Christ 478. Count backwards the 245 years & about 12 years more for the reign of Gelo: & the recconing will place the building of Syracuse about 735 years before Christ. And there Eusebius & the late Chronologers place it. And the building of Trir{illeg}|emes| wherein those Colonies might be sent without danger of the Pirates wch till those days infested the Greek seas, might begin about 10 or 20 years before

Hellanicus tells us that there were two migrations out of Italy into Sicily the first of the Elymi \(so named in Sicily)/ who fled fom the Oenoti & the other of the Ausones \(or Ligures)/ under the conduct of Siculus & five years afward {sic} who \& that these last/ fled from the Iapyges {illeg} |under| whose king was Siculus the conduct of Siculus the son of Italus, wch Iapyges were \a part of/ the Aborigines & Pelasgi together wch Iapyges were a mixture of the Aborigenes & Pelasgi. The Elymi therefore were the Sicani whom Hercules left in Italy & who soon after fled into Sicily fom the Oenotri into Sicily & were there called Elymi

Dionysius Halyc. tells us that in the time of the Trojan war Latinus was king of Italy \the Aborigenes in Italy/, & that in the sixteenth age after that war Romulus built Rome. By ages he means reigns of kings. for he begins & ends his recconing with two \naming/ two kings Latinus & Romulus, & in this interval \after Latinus/ there reigned sixteen kings over the Latines, (viz. Latinus, Æneas, Ascanius, Posthumus, Æneas II, Latinus II, Alba, Capetus, Capys, Capetus, Tyberinus, Agrippa, Alladius, Aventinus, Proca, Amulius, \&/ Nunitor & Romulus in whose reign Romulus built Rome. Now if to these sixteen And a|A|fter Romulus there were six reigns \reigned six kings/ over Rome to the time of the beginning of the Consuls. Now And \Now And/ these 22 reigns at about 18 years a piece \(for many of these kings were slain)/ amount to 396 years wch counted back from the Consulship of the first Consuls Iunius Brutus & Valerius Posticola place the taking of Troy \& the coming of Æneas into Italy about & death of Æneas and Latinus about/ 78 years after the death of Solomon |as above, & ye death of Æneas in the reign of Pigmaelon where Virgil places it places it. And the seven last reigns counted backward place the| & the 7 seven last reigns counted backwards place ye {sic} building of Rome about 126 years before the said consulship. But the history of Rome before \untill/ the Consuls is very uncertain taking of the Capital by the Gauls is very uncertain. / But Chronologers by taking reigns of Kings for ages & ages for generations have placed \made/ the taking of Troy almost 700 years before ye C \Trojan war about/ {illeg}|27|6 years earlier \earlier/ & the building of Rome about \about/ 120 years earlier then they were.

Two Pelasguses one the son of Æzeus the other the son of

Pherecides Atheniensis (apud Dionys. l. 1. p. 10{)} tells us that Lycaon the father of Oenotrus was the son of Pelasgus & Deianira; & Dionysius tells us further (I think from Pherecides) that this Pelasgus was the son of Niobe the daughter of Phoroneus & that Deianira was the daughter of \an elder/ Pelasgus the son of Æzeus.

Lycaon the father of Oenotrus & Callisto was the son of Pelasgus & Deianira & Deianira was the son Pelasgus was the son of Niobe the daughter of Phoroneus: & Deianira was the daughter of an elder Arcas Pelasus {sic} the son of Æzeus. Arcas the son of Callisto received bread corn from Triptolemus & taught the people \in Achaia/ to make bread of it. And so did Eumelus the first king of a region afterwards called Achaia from Achæus the brother of Ion & son of grandson of Hellen & Erechtheus.

Dionysius tells us that in Peloponnesus there were anciently two kings called Pe\lasgus/ & that the elder was the son of Ezeus & father of Deianira, & that the younger was the husband of Deianira & son of \ &/ Niobe the daughter of Phoroneus, & that Lycaon was the son of Pelasgus & Deianira & father \of/ Oenotrus, Peucetius & twenty other sons. And these things he seems to have had from Phercydes Atheniensis the oldest & best genealoger of the Greeks. ffor he tells us that Pherecyd wrote concerning the kings of Arcadia that Lycaon was <144v> {the} son of Pelasgus & Deianira & married Cyllene {illeg} \Ph{illeg} \{illeg}// /by whom he had Oenotrus & Pentalius & many\ & other children. Dionysius /{sic} other children.\ \& {illeg} Pausanias/ tells us further that Arcas the son of Callista the daughter of Lycaon \the son of {illeg} Ezeus/, received bread corn fom Triptolemus, & taught his people how \in Arcadia how/ to make bread of it. And so did Eumellus the first king of [Achaia [after Achaius] a region afterwards called Achaia. And therefore Arcas & Eumelus were contemporary to Triptolemus & to his father Celeus \Oenotrus &/ Callisto to Rherus \Celeus &/, Lycaon to \Rherus &/ Cranaus, & Pelasgus II & Deianira to Cecrops; \Pelasgus I to Niobe/, & Phoroneus \&/ Æzeus to Ogyges. But Lycaon died befoe Cranaus so as to leave room for Deu\c/alions flood between their deaths.

< insertion from higher up f 144v >

Syria became subject to Egypt in the days of Tabimon & recovered her liberty under Benhadad II, & in the days of Ieroboam II king of Israel Zacharaiah & Menahem kings of Israel they became] Benhadad II they became subject to Israel during till the reign of the last Rezen

< text from lower down f 144v resumes > [Editorial Note 53]

About 110 | an 100 years after Troy taken invaded Codrus \K of Athens/ in a war between the Athenians
& Spartans, devoted himself for his country. [Then was Athens governed by twelve Archons for life which at about 18 years each might take up 196 ys about 216 years. Then reigned seven decennial Archons, which they did not all {illeg} reign live the tenn years might take up about 50 years more. All wch years being subducted from the year {illeg} in wch Troy was taken, place the beginning of the \annual/ Archons to in the year before Christ 531 or thereabouts] And thes sons of Codrus about ten years after {illeg} his death was \his sons {illeg} & others under him led/ the Ionic migration from Athens into Ionia in Asia minor where they built Miletus & \many/ other cities.

Thucydides p. 8, 9. Bœoti qui nunc sunt 60mo ab eversione Ilij anno ex Arne ejecti a Thessalis incoluerunt terram quæ nunc Bœotiam prius Cadmeis vocabatur. – Dores octagissimo post bellum Trojanum anno cum Heraclidis Peloponnesum tenuere Ægre autem longo tempore plane pacata Græcia nec ultra sedibus suis ejecta colonias emisit; et Ionas quidem ac plerosqꝫ ex Insularis, Athenienses collocarent [i.e. 110 vel 140 annis post captam Trojam;] Italiam vero Siciliamqꝫ maxima ea ex parte Peloponenses & quædā reliquæ Græciæ oppida [colonijs missis ornarunt] Omniæ hac post bellum Trojanum sunt condita. – Deinde nauticæ rei incumbebat Græcia Corinthij primum triremes ædificarunt. Aminocles Corinthius naupegus Samijs quatuor naves compegit annis \ferme/ trecentis ante perfectum bellum Peloponesiacum. Deinde vetustissimum omnium quæ novimus navale prælium inter Corinthios & Corcyræos 260 annis ad summum ante hoc tempus [belli sc. perfecti] &c

Thucydides intio lib VI pag 337, 338, 339, 340. Cyclopes atqꝫ Læstrygones Siciliam primo habitarunt tunc Trinacriam dictam deinde Sicani a flumine Sicano quod est in Iberia a Ligybue ejecti, a quibus Insula Sicania dicta est. Hi loca Insulæ ad occasum vergentia incoluerunt. Cæterum capto Ilio quidem Trojanorum in Sicyliam applicuerunt et collocatis sedibus in finibus Sicanorum sunt Elymi vocati: urbes eorum Iopa & Ecceta. His accole accesserunt nonnulli Phocenses, e Troja in Libyam delati tempestate delati, et inde in Siciliam transmigrantes. Siculi autem ex Italia fugientes Opiros, in Italiam trajecerunt ratibus, annis prope trecentis ante Græcorum in Siciliam adventum.

Dionysius [de situ Orbis] tells us that the Nile was called Siris by the Ethiopians & Nilus by the people of Syene

& particularly either in this or a former expedition he set up two pillars in the further parts of India So in the mountains neare the mouth of Ganges. So Dionysius \in {Perestegosus}/ de situ Orbis

Ενθὰ τε καὶ στηλαι &c

Vbi etiamnum columnæ Thebis geniti Bacchi

Stant extremi juxta fluxum Oceani

Indorum ultimis in montibus: ubi et Ganges

Claram aquam Nysseam ad planiciem maritimam devolvit

The posterity of Median (the son of Abraham & Ketarah) were Merchants (Gen 37.28, 36) & Moses learnt letters among them.

[Editorial Note 54]

1 Phoron & Ezeus. 2 Pelasgus I & Niobe. 3 Pelasgus II & Deinira. 4 Oenotrus \Lycaon/ 5 Oenotrus Peucetius, Callisto. 6 Arcas.

[Editorial Note 55]

Anno 60 post captam Trojam Bœoti qui nunc sunt ex A{illeg}rana Thessalis ejecti Bœotiam incoluerunt prius Cadmeis vocatam

Anno 80 post captam Trojam Dores cum Heraclidis Peloponnesum tempore \occuparunt/

Anno 104 post Trojam captam Codrus Athenarum rex se pro patria devovit & post annos alios septem, ducibus ejus filijs; Iones in Asiam minorem migrant ubi Miletum et urbes alias plures condunt

Anno 1|2|90 post Tr. capt. \Anno A.C. 614/ Corinthij naves triremes condunt.

Anno 2|3|01 post Tr capt. \A.C. / Aminocles Corinthius naupactus naves quatuor pro Samijs compegit

Anno 254 post Tr. ca     Ante Ch. 65{illeg}|8| Corinthij Corcyreos vincunt per mare

Ante Chr. 680 Corinthij triremes fabricant.

<145r>

tion upon the river Nile & when they were shut up in Abar expelled Egypt retired \went/ back into \their own country/ Phœnicia where for want of room they applied themselves to navigation more then before \they had done in Egypt/ & sent colonies into remoter regions.

Polemo – 1 Sam. 13. Their great numbers at this time & their many battels wth Saul & David before they could be subdued argue a {illeg}|grea|t mixture of forreigners. ffor there was sore war against the Philistims all the days of Saul & when Saul saw any strong or valiant man he took him unto him 1 Sam 14.52. & David beat them in many battels before they could be \fully/ subdued. And from this Dominion of the Philistims the whole land of Israel hath been ever since called Palestine, that is ye land of the Philistims. – – – – till Nebuchadnezzar beseiged & took them.

Pliny a[138] tells us Nave primus in Græciam ex Ægypto Danaus advenit: inter ratibus navigabantur inventis in mare rubro inter insulas a rege Erythra. Navigation therefore began first in the Red Sea & was thence propagated \in/to the mediterranean. ffor the Red sea being shallow \being/ |very \{illeg}/| shallower & much \for that reason/ calmer then the Mediterranean, {illeg} it was easier to saile there \from Island to Island/ in such small vessels as were at first found out. The invention of these |such| vessels on that sea is attributed to king Erythra, that is to the king of Edom ffor Esau Edom & Erythra are words of ye same signification & signify red whence that sea was called mare Erythræum, the red sea or Sea of Edom. M From these Edomites the Phœnicians seem to have had their rise for the Phœnicians traded first upon the red sea & went from thence to ye mediterranean as they themselves & ye Persians related to Herodotus & so Pliny (l. 4    ) Tyrij orti ab Erythræo mari ferebantur & Solinus Tyrij a mari rubro profeti. Hence Dionysius Afer calls ye inhabitants of Phœnicia Erythræans & his old Interpreter thinks the name taken from ye red sea. And Strabo tells us some take ye words Phœnicia (Punicus) & Erythreæan to be words And Strabo tells us that some report that ye Phœnicians & Sidonians were colonies of the inhabitants of the Ocean & that they were called Phœnicians \[Punici]/ because ye sea is red. According to wch opinion a Phœnician \(Punicus, red)/ is a word of the same signification wth Erythæan {sic} or Edomite How & when ye Phœnicians came from ye red sea is|m|ay be gathered from the History of David. ffor when David smote Edom, Ioab stayed there wth all Israel six months untill he had smitten every male in Edom 1 King. 11.15, 16. This made the Hadad the young king of Edom fly {illeg} \into Egypt wth certain Edomites/ his fathers servants, & as many of ye Edomites as could escape fled to the Philistims & to Sidon & Tyre & other places where they could be protected. \So Stephanus in Azot tells us τατην – – – – – – – – Israelites – – – – – – –/ And David put garrisons in all Edom whereby the Edomites were kept from returning home And b|B|y this tr victory the {illeg} of sea por \over the Edom{illeg}ites/ Ezion Geber & Eloth \{illeg}/ sea-ports of ye Edomites on ye Red Sea) came into the hands of David, & his son Solomon built a Navy – – – – a Navy on the Red Sea. Thus the trade of the Edomites on ye Red Sea came into the hands of Solomon & Hyram. & the \And David \having/ put garrisons in all Edom whereby the Edomites were kept from returning home & therefore they/ begun a new trade upon the Mediterranean in such vessels as they had used before on ye Red sea. In these vessels they sailed by the shoars till they came as far as Grece, & this sort of navigation continued in use till the Egyptians invented long ships in one of wch with 50 oars Danaus came into Greece. In imitation of this ship the Greeks built the ship Argo \Then Dædalus invented Sails & Masts/ & navigation still improving the Phenicians soon after the Trojan war \(as Strabo relates{)}/ sailed to ye middle of ye coat {sic} of Afric where they built cities & went out beyond the Pillars of Hercules into the Atlantic {illeg} Sea. These Phenicians <145r> seem to be \chiefly {illeg}/ Zidonians \the Edomites flying to the enemies of Israel/ ffor in those days the Zidonians grew famous among the Greeks while Tyre was scarce known to them. Homer often names Zidon & Zidonians but makes no mention of Tyre

Now this new T trafick upon the mediterranean soon gave occasion to new discords by the rapture of weomen. For Herodotus tells us – – – driven from ye Red sea by the wars of David.

The expulsion of the shepherds out of Egypt Polemo places in the time of Apis the son of Phoroneus as above, but this Apis was a little later being supposed by the Greeks to be the Egyptian Osy|i|ris who was Sesostris as we shall shew hereafter. Iustin Martyr (in Cohortatione ad Græcos) tells us that Apion the son of Possidonius in his Commentary against the Iews & in his 4th book of Histories saith that when Inachus was ten reigned at Argos the Iews under the conduct of Moses departed from Amasis King of Egypt: & that the same thing is reported by Ptolomy the Mendesian an Egyptian Priest who wrote ye affairs of Egypt & by Hellanicus & Philocorus who wrote the Acts of the Athenians, & by Castor & Thallus & Alexander Polyhistor. The shepherds were therefore expelled Egypt & the Monarchy of Egypt was erected in the days of Inachus the father of Phoroneus & Io & this is confirmed by the rapture of Io wch Herodotus places – – – David over Edom. Its confirmed also by the Acts of Phoroneus who is reported the first who made laws & erected Courts of Iustice at Argos & reduced the people from a \rude &/ salvage way of life to a civil one & erected an Altar to Iuno. ffor these things the Greeks learnt of the Egyptians \& Phenicians/ & therefore Phoroneus reigned after the Phenicians began to saile as far into Greece & by consequence after the expulsion of the shepherds & Edomites.

Cecrops is recconed the first Egyptian who led a colony into Greece He a[139] first called Iupiter God & set up an Altar at Athens & erected a Statue to Minerva & after him came in the whole genealogy of ye Gods of Greece. Whence it may be collected that he was contemporary to Phoroneus & came into Greece in the reign of Dave David or Saul when ye shepherds were newly expelled Egypt. The marble plat|c|es him 72 years before the coming of Danaus into Greece that is about the middle of Davids reign. ffor Danaus sailed into Greece \about/ the 15th year of Rehoboam as shall be shewed hereafter. [He seems to have been one of the shepherds because he went first into Phœnicia & a Colony wch he left in Cyprus sacrificed yearly a man to his daughter Agraulis, an impiety the genuine Egyptians were free from.] Athens is reputed a Colony of Egyptians coming from Sais where Minerva was worshipped but Sr Iohn Marsham notes well that Cecrops their Leader took shipping from Phœnicia & in his way to Greece arrived first at Cyprus. \He seems to be one of the Shepherds because he went first into a colony which he left in Cyprus sacrificed yearly a man to – – – free from./ By the like colonies the sacrificing of men came also into Greece. For \a/[140] Erechtheus sacrificed his daughter \& therefore was one of the shepherds./ But circumcision (a part of the religion of the Genuine Egyptians) was not any where introduced by them.

What we have hitherto said concerning the expulsion of the shepherds & their coming into Phœnicia & Greece is confirmed by Diodorus b[141] who in his 40th Book of saith that \in Egypt/ there {illeg} were formerly multituds {sic} of strangers of several nations who used forreign rites & ceremonies in worshipping the Gods for wch which {sic} they were expelled Egypt – – – before ye days of Seostris

<146v>

– Hercules from thence.

Polemo in the first book of his Greek Histories saith expresly – – built Ierusalem round about.

Diodorus in his 40th book saith yt in Egypt there were formerly – – – days of Sesostris.

It seems to me therefore that as when David invaded Edom & – – – – navigation upon the river Nile & when they were expelled Egypt they retired into Phœnicia

<147r>

Solon having discoursed with the Priests of Sais in Ægypt, wrote what he had \there/ learnt in a Poem called Atlantis wch fell into ye hands of Plato but was not finished. In this Poem he relates that [9000 years ago [there was at the straits mouth called Hercules pillars, a great Island called Atlantis] the Gods \by consent/ divided the whole earth between themselves partly into larger portions & partly into smaller & instituted Temples & sacred rites to themselves & that an great \great/ island called Atlantis seated at the mouth of the straits fell to the share of Neptune who & was by him divided amongst his children Atalas, Gadixus who \who divided it amongst his children &/ made his eldest son Atlas king thereof & gave of the whole.

Solon having travelled into Egypt & conversed wth the Priests of Sais about their antiquities, wrote a Poem of what he had learnt but did not finish it, & this Poem fell into the ha\n/ds of Plato, who relates out of it that at ye mouth 9000 y \9000 years ago before there was an Island called Atlantis/ at the straits mouth called near hercules pillars, was a great island called Atlantis out of wch came an innumerable {countless} army of enemies wch conquered \there was an Island called Atlantis/ the people of wch \9000 years before the days of Solon/ reigned over {illeg} Libya as far as Egypt & over Europe as far as the Tyrrhene sea & all this force collected into one body invaded \{illeg} invaded/ Egypt2 & Greece1 & what ever was conteined within the pillars of Hercules but was resisted \& stopt checked/ by the Athenians & other Greeks, & thereby the rest of the nations not yet conquered were preserved. He saith also that in those days the Gods by consent divided the whole earth amongst themselves partly into larger partly into smaller portions, & instituted Temples & sacred rites to themselves & that the Island Atlantis fell to the lot of Neptune who made his Eldest Son Atlas king of ye whole island |or part of| his & that \the Ocean was thence called Atlantic & from ye second son of Atlas/ a part of which island was called Gadir, & that in ye history of the said wars mention is|was| made of Cecrops Erechtheus Erechthonius, Erisichthon & others before Theseus, & also of the weomen who were warred wth ye men, & of the habit & statue of Minerva, be the study of war in those days being common to men & weomen. By all wch the \circumstances/ it is manifest that the wars wch Sesostris & his Admirall made upon the nations by land & sea \& the invasion of Egypt by Antæus/ are here described & how after the death of his Sesostris his captains divided \shared/ his conquests between themselves \among them (as Alexanders captains did his {illeg} conquests long after)/ & instituting Temples & Priests & sacred rites to themselves caused themselves to be worshipped as Gods, & For tho the Priests of Egypt represented these things done 9000 years before the days of Solon, yet by that the Island \Gadir or/ Gades fell to the lot of Neptune. For there Homer places \Vlysses being shipwrackt Island was received by/ Calypso the daughter of Atlas \& her lover Vlysses as Homer relates./ He calls it the Ogygian island, that is the Ocean island or island sea in the Ocean, the words Ogene Ogygius, Ogenus, Oceanus coming from ye same original & places it 20 degrees days sail \westward/ from the Island Pheacia, or Corcyra, &|A|nd so far it was \is now/ from |Corcyra to| Gades, recconing with the ancients about 1000 stadia to a days saile.

The Egyptians in magnifying their antiquities \the stories of their Gods/ represented this little Island {illeg} \Atlantis/ bigger {illeg} \then/ all Afriqꝫ & Asia \& well peopled,/ but Homer speaks of it as a small Island destitute of Shipping & cities |&| inhabited only by Calypso & her weomen, who lived in a Cave in the middle of a wood, there being no men in the Island to help Vlysses to build a ship, or to accompany him in his voyage from thence \from thence/ to Corcyra. They magnified also the antiquities|y| of their Gods making them \as if they had lived/ 9000 years older then the \before/ Solon. And yet they|ose| divided \Gods shared made war & shared/ the <148r> earth between them in the days grand days of Neptune the Grandfather of Calypso, & by consequence \that is/ but two generations before the destruction of Troy, \Troy was destroyed/ & by consequence but \about/ 400 years before Solon went into Egypt. And this being understood puts an end to all the fabulous antiquities of Egypt

\And it is further observable that/ This {sic} island is by Homer described a small one \like {illeg} Gades being/ destitute of shipping & cities & inhabited only by Calypso & her weomen who dwelt in a cave in the middle of a wood, there being no men in the island to assist Vlysses in building a ship or to accompany him from thence to Corcyra \which description agrees well to the Island Gades/. {illeg} And the time when the Gods made war & shared the earth & caused themselves to be worshipped as Gods is here \by Solon/ limited to the age of Neptune the grandfather of Calypso & so was but two generations before the destruction of Troy \or about 400 years before Solon went into Egypt/. But ye Egypt Priests of Egypt in magnifying the stories of their Gods made the Island Atlantis in those 400 years had \had/ magnified the stories & antiquity of their Gods so exceedingly, as to make them {illeg} nine thousand years older then Solon, & to represent the Island Atlantis bigger then all Afric & Asia together & well peopled full of people. And because in the days of Solon they \this great {illeg}/ island did not appear they pretended that it was sunk into the Sea with all its people. Thus great was ye vanity of the Priests of Egypt in magnifying their antiquities.

[142]Pausanias tells us that the golden age lasted till Rhea commended the newborn Iupiter to the custody of the Idæi Dactyli otherwise called Curetes, inhabiting the foot of Mount Ida in Crete. I had rather say that it lasted till Iupiter was grown up & succeded Saturn in the kingdom.

<149r>

And Geminus \who writ about 30 years before I. Cæsar corrected the Kalendar/ tells us that all the Greeks by their it was proposed {to} the ancients to reccon the months by the Moon & the years by the Sun {illeg} whilst they \& what the Ancients/ were commanded by the laws & by the Oracles that they should sacrifice according to three things {illeg} customes \as institutions/ of their countrey, months, days, & years; so they {illeg} \& accordingly that/ all the Greeks \accordingly the/ recconned their years by the Sun & their days & months by the Moon. Now to reccon their years by the Sun \saith he/ is to per offer the same sacrifice to the Gods about the same seasons of the year, \the/ spring sacrifices in the spring the summer sacrifice in the summer & in other seasons other sacrifices so yt ye same sacrifice fall alwas {sic} on ye same season For this they accounted acceptable & gratefull to the Gods, & {illeg} in doing this they recconed that they sacrificed \κατὰ \τά/ πάτρια/ according to ye institutions of their country. And to reccon their days by the Moon was to name them according to the illuminations of the moons, calling that day Νεομηνια Novilunium in wch the new Moon first appears & the the {sic} next day the second & so on. Thus far Geminus.

|natural year.| Aratus \& his commentator Theon/ describes the months of the Greeks to be Lunar & Herodotus that the Greeks used intercalary months to make their seasons year agree wth the seasons (Lib 1 & 2) And Solon commanded the Athenians to Athenians to count the days by the Moon[143] & called the day of the conjunction ἐνὴν καὶ νέαν the old & the new referring to the old month that part of the day wch preceded the conjunction & the rest of the day to the new month. And Hesiod makes Lenæon a winter month & begins the \Theban/ year after \with/ the rising of ye Pleiades.[144] And the Olympic games |Olympic games & other| feasts of the Greeks were alw wch fell upon certain days of certain \their/ months were celebrated at certain seasons of the year {illeg} particular. And t|T|he Olympia|c|ds were celebrated at midsummer \games wh were always ~ ~ which & {illeg} fell/ on the full moon in the middle of the first month of the year, And were always celebrated at midsummer. And the Greeks generally rec used the Dieteris |the |Dieteris was used in recconing the Orgia of Bacchus wch were as old as Orpheus & Melampus. The Tetraeteris was used in celebrating the Olympia|c|ds \games/ wch were first instituted by Hercules one of ye Idæi Dactyli|| & Tetraeteris & Octaeteris wch \were/ cycles of Lunisolar years & this they did from the oldest memory of things. ffor the Octae\te/ris was the Annus magnus of a[145] Cadmus & b[146] Minos & was c[147] used in many religions of Greece, & in celebrating the Ludi Pythici at Delphos & {illeg} the Olympic games when \as/ instituted by Hercules And therefore it may be accounted as old as those religions & festivals & by consequence brought into Greece by the first Phenicians & Egyptians who sailed thither, such as were Cadmus & Cecrops For Herodotus tells us that the Greeks had their ffestivals & Oracles from Egypt, & ffestus Avienus seems to attribute a regulation of the year to Cecrops where speaking of the Enneadecaeteris of Harpalus turned into the Enneadecaeteris by Meton he saith

Illius ad numeros prolixa decennia rursum

Adiscisse Meton Cecropia dicitur arte.

And the like is to be understood of the Latines & other ancient nations of Italy. For Censorinus tells us that ye several &c c[148]

So then ye nations at first used Lunisolar years Lunar months & solar | \Lunisolar/ years, but these months & years being of no certain lenghth {sic}, were unfit for computation, & therefore \when/ the nations when they were to speak of \reccon/ times past or to come used \took/ /without seeing the Sun Moon, \they/ took\ the \next/ round numbers of 30 days to <149v> a month & 12 months to a year, & so formed a year of 360 days & instead of the Lu used this year as convenient for computations & equipollent to the Lunisolar year & exact enough for such pop purposes as they applied it unto. \This was their Kalendar/ And according to this way of recconing they supposed the Lunisolar year divided the Zodiac into 12 signes & every Signe into 30 parts or degrees, so that a degree might answer to ye Sun's motion in a day. And this seems to have been the original of dividing a circle into 360 equal parts degrees, the ancients \first Astronomers/ recconing that in 360 days the Sun ran round the \whole Zodic {sic}/. ffor whilst before the use of letters & invention of Astronomy, it is not to be supposed that men knew the just length of the solar year. This year of 360 days they used \without correction/ in recconing time past or to come where the\y/ir recconing could have no assistance from the \courses of the/ Sun & Moon, but in r to correct it but in recconing time present they always corected it by the courses of the sun & moon omitting a day or two in the month as often as they found it requisite to make the months agree with the course \30 days too long for the course of the Moon/ of the Moon & adding a day or two {illeg} to month to the year as often as they {illeg} found twelve lunar months too short for the seasons retur \course/ of ye \Sun & return of ye/ seasons. ffor Cicero tells us[149] that the Sicilians & other Greeks to make their days & months agree with the courses of the sun & moon sometimes took away a day or two from the month & sometimes made the month longer by one or two days. And Herodotus in speaking of the year of \12 months or/ 360 days tells \us/ yt the Greeks \(usually)/ added a thirteenth month every other year \(vizt as often as it was requisite)/ to make the seasons agree.

When therefore Moses {illeg} reconing 150 days equal to 5 And this {illeg} way of keeping an acc sort of yeare seems to have been generally received by those ancient \the {illeg} \ancient// nations \who used the Lunisolar year/. ffor the Egyptians first used this added five days to ye end of it & Moses in describing the flood puts five months equal to 150 days, & Daniel puts a time or \artificiall/ year for 360 days, every day being put \taken/ for a \natural or/ solar year \natural or/ Lunisolar year; or (if you please) for a year of 360 days to be corrected by the courses of ye Sun & Moon

After the

But While \After |As|/ the nations used this year of 360 \days/ only in recconing time past or to come \as a convenient approach of the Lunisolar year/ & in applying it to the time current corrected it perpetually by the courses of the Sun & Moon \& still adhering to the Lunisolar year/, \so/ they \{illeg}/ found out \afterwards {illeg} other/ rules for determining the Lunisolar year more exactly. according to those courses of the Luminaries And the 1st rule seems to \have/ been of intercaling three months in eight years. ffor they \old Greeks \(Solinus c 3. Macrob l 1 c 13.{)}// added a 13th month every other year as often as was requisite to make the se (Censorinus H |excepting once in eight years, forming their years of 12 & 13 months alternately to make it agree with the seasons as Censorinus & Herodotus inform us| (Censorinus c. 18. Herod l. 1. 2) for wch end they omitted this intercalation once in eight years. And hence arose the Dieteris \Octaeteris/ of the Ancients consisting of 99 Lunar months & the Tetraeteris consisting alternately of 49 & 50 Lunar months & the Dieteris consisting three times of 25 Lunar months & once of 24. Afterwards when Astronomers grew more exact they inserted the intercalary months not every other year but |in other manners| every third year excepting \twice & every other year/ once in eight years, wch made other forms of the Octaeteris, & at length they inserted it seven times in 19 years, that is \twice every other year &/ five times every third year wch made the En\nea/decaeteris.

And The next rule seems to have been of recconing the Lunar months to consist of 29 & 30 days alternately. For the Greeks at first recconed 30 days to a Calender month but \as above/ & afterwards 30 & 29 alternately, as Geminus c. 6 informs <150r> us, & the custome of recconing 30 & 29 alternately seemes to have been introduced among the Athenians by Solon who for that end called the 30th day ενην καὶ νεαν the old & the new. Afterwards the

Afterwards the Greeks to make to bring the years more nearely to an equality added the intercalary month not every other year but in the 3d 5th & 8th year of ye Octaeteris as Geminus tells & at length to make the Calendar months agree more exactly wth the Course of the Moon they intercaled three days at the end of \{illeg}/ every sixteen years. And hence arose several new forms of the Octaeteris called the Ocaeterides of {illeg} Cleostratus, Harpalus & others. |us. And because the Lunar months exceeded 2912 days by some minutes of time, Astronomers allowed for the excess by adding three days at the end of every 16 years. ffrom wch emendations came the Octaerides of Cleostratus Harpalus & Eudoxus.| \And/ At {sic} lenghth \Meton/ finding that the in\ter/calation of three months in eight years was not sufficiently exact, Meton proposed to \found out the/ intercaled seven months in 19 years & \& Calippus took away a day from four Periods of Meton or 76 years in the mo/ Calippus in four of Metons cycles that is in 76 years added And because the Lunar months \succeeded 29{illeg} days & an half/ were \found/ something bigger then {39} days, the Astronomers allowed for the excess by intercaling {illeg} adding \on a day or two or three days/ at the end of every {illeg} \16 years/ 16 years, {illeg} ffrom all wch emendations came the cycl Octaerides of Cleostratus Harpalus & Eudoxus & the Cycles of Meton & Calippus.

Thus the nations in reducing the Lunisolar year \to rules/ formed various Calendars, first that of 12 months to a year & 30 days to a month, then the the Octaeteris, Tetrae Dieteris, Tetraeteris, Octaeteris, Ennea Hexcædecaeteris, Enneadecaeteris &c {illeg} \For/ as often as they found their Calendars disagree from the {illeg} courses of the Sun & Moon they corrected by their courses them \followed their commandments/ /corrected them by adding or subducting a day or two or a month\ \adding or omitting a day or two in the month or a month in the year/ & sought out new rules till they \had/ made their \Calendars/ as exact as they could. But the Egyptians neglecting the course of the Moon added five days to ye end of the 360 to make their year agree \only/ with the course of the sun: wch correction was afterwards found too short by about six hours, & therefore Iulius Cæsar added a day in every four years. And if a week week were omitted in 900 years the correction which makes the year too long by a week in 900 or 940 years.

<150v> [Editorial Note 56]

– of Egypt used the Lunisolar year. So also the Arabians, Syrians & people of Asia minor used lunisolar years And so the {illeg} ancient Chaldean year wch the Iews brought back wth them from the Babylonian captivity kept to the was Lunisolar & kept to the seasons. And upon the sixteenth day of the month Lous the Babylonians annually celebrated the feast Sacæa as Athenæus (Lib. 12) relates out of Berosus, that is upon the sixteenth day of the Babylonian month wch fell in with the month Lous of the Macedonians & wch was therefore Lunar & kept to the course of the Moon & to the same season of the year, the month Lous being a summer month answering to the month Ab of the year wch the Iews brought from Babylon. This month Ab had its name from the אב wch signifies the green corn & other vegetables {illeg} of the earthe gr in that state when they are most green & flourishing. And the next month אלול \Elul/ signifies the time when the earth is new reaped & emptied of corn. Which names being the names of the Chaldean months shews that they their months were fixed to certain \the/ seasons. So also the years of the Arabians, Syrians & {illeg} |The Chaldea was peopled by Arabians & the Arabian months are lunar to this day. And anciently their year was lunisolar as were also ye years of ye Syrians & Theodorus Gaza in his book de Mensibus recites out of Simp| people of Asia minor & were Lunisolar /Athenians & Romans.\ ffor Simplicius in his commentary on the 5t of Aristotels Physical Auscultations Acroasis \(apud Theodor. Gazā de mensibus)/ tells us ἁς δὲ ἡμεις ποιούμεθα ἀρχὰς. Quæ facimus initia, anni quidem vel ad æstivum solstitium ut Attici, vel ad Autumnale æquinoctium ut terræ (quæ nunc Asia dicitur incolæ, vel ad brumam ut Romani, vel {illeg} circa æquinoctium versum ut Arabes & Damasceni: mensis verò [initium] ut quidam volunt, \[est]/ plenilunium aut novilunium. And Galen: Quod tempus Romæ est September, Pergami apud nos mensis Hyperberetæus, Athenis vero Mysteria: ea namqꝫ erant Boedimione.

<151r>

Diodorus \(l 9) saith/ lets us know that the people of the country being \natives were/ dispersed by this \Deucalions/ flood & thence called Spartus & after the \&/ upon the building of Cadmus Thebes by Cadmus returned thither from all par{ts} [wch makes me suspect] that this flood was nothing else then an inundation of Greece by the Phenician Colonies.] & were thence called Spartus.

The forces of the Amphictyons were commanded by Clysthenes Alcmæon & Eurylochus. And these were contemporary to Phidon. ffor Leocides the son of Phidon & Megaelis the son of Alcmæon at one & the same time courted courted Agarista the daughter of Clysthenes

575 The Amphictyons make war upon the Cirrheans by ye advice of Solon & take Cyrrha. Clysthenes Alcmæon & Eurytosthenes commanded the forces of the Amphictyons & were were contemporary to Phidon. ffor Leocides the son of Phidon & Megales the son of Alcmæon at one & the same time courted Agarista the daughter of Clysthenes.

Vpon his Sepulchre (visited by Pythagoras) was this inscription ΤΟΝ ΔΙΟΣ, the seplchre {sic} of Iupiter.       – & according to Diodorus was an Egyptian invaded many Provinces of the world & set up the pillar in Afric.

942. The son of Semele deified by the name of Bacchus with ceremonies appointed by Orpheus. ffor it came now into fashion for the Greeks to deify their own men by the names & with the ceremonies of the Egyptian Gods. An So Alcæus the son of {illeg}|Alcmena| was deified by the name of Hercules & the son of Penelope by the name of Pan & the daughters of <151v> Pierus by the names of the Muses. He seems to be also the Belus who led a colony of Egyptians to Babylon & there instituted Priests \who were/ free from taxes after th \& observed the starrs/ as in Egypt [& after the manner \example/ of the Egyptians observed the starrs. [& by the Babylonians were called Chaldeans]]

Dus Hugo Medicus Regius

<152r>

Greeks relates[150] that amongst the Phænicians flourished three ancient historians Theodotus, Hypsicrates & Mochus who all of the delivered in their Histories (translated into Greek by Lætus) that under one of the Kings happened the rapture of Europa, the voyage of Menelaus into Phænicia & the league & friendship between Solomon & Hiram when Hiram gave his daughter to Solomon & su{illeg}|p|plied him with timber for building the Temple & that the same is affirmed by Menander of Pergamus. [151]\Iospehus tells us that lets us know that/ Hiram's friendship to David/Solomon\ & the assistance he gave him in building the Temple of Jerusalem was recorded in the Annals of Tyre|.| as Iosephus The expedition of \the Phænicians under/ Cadmus in quest of Europa \was \very/ more memorable \&/ deserved much more to be recorded/was much more memorable, being of the greatest consequence to all Phænicia. \And the record conioyning these things as done about the same time/But the \{illeg}ar/voiage of Menelaus to \the coast of/ Sidon was of so little moment that it may be doubted whether the Phenicians entered in their Annals. The Phenician Historians might have it from ye Greeks. And the \record/testimony \by the test/ of the three Phenician Historians conioyning the|se| \things as done within a short compas of time/rapture of Europa & the league of Solomon & Hiram within the compass \as it were/ of {illeg}|a| kings reign, /is inconsistant with\\{illeg}there is/is wholy inconsistent with the opinion of the Greek Chronologers who make the rapture of Europa 260 years ancienter then that league \the building of the Temple/, but it suits perfectly well with or opinion that it was but {illeg} about 25 years ancienter. At least The Phenician historians being were very ancient & consulted the ancienter records of their country as I gather from {illeg} is manifest \by what is here cited out of them &/ by what Iosephus cites out of Dius & Menander, & therefore \they/ deserve much more to be credited then the Greeks Chronologers of the Greek|c|e who were neither ancient nor had ancient records \annals/ to consult, nor agree wth one another.

The red sea being very shallow – into the hands of Solomon & Hiram

Herodotus tells us that the Phenicians were the authors of dissentions

The red sea being very shallow – – into the hands of Solomon & Hiram.

When the Edomites were driven from their seats it may be presumed that they sent out some colonies upon the Mediterranean either under Cadmus or before, & of this there are some footsteps – – – – – came from the Erythrean sea.

Herodotus tells us that ye Phenicians were the authors of dissentions who coming from the red{illeg}" sea – – – – From these passages of Herodotus {illeg}|it appears| that the navigation of Herodotus the {sic} trade of the Phenicians to Greece began upon their{illeg} coming from the red{illeg} sea & so was not ancienter then the reign of David victory of Da reign of that Io the rapture of Io happened in the very beginning of this trade & that these things were but a very little before the rapture of Europa & by consequence was soon \was committed soon/ after \in revenge of/ the rapture of Io. being commi the one being committed in revenge of the other And therefore since the rapture of Europa happened after \about/ the 18th year of {illeg} Davids reign & the Edom about {illeg} 6 years before David drove the Edomites \were driven by David/ from {illeg} the red sea about five or 6 years \little/ before whereby the trade of that {illeg} sea came into the hand of the Israelites: its reasonable to beleive that these Edomites \driven out by Da/ were the {illeg} \Erithrean/ Phœnicians who came from the read Sea to the Mediterranean & {illeg} there building such round vessels as had been invented {illeg} & {illeg} by king Erythra being deprived of their estates & country & made & thereby \of {illeg} by David were/ necessitated to seek out a new trade upon the Mediterranean for getting a livelihood \&/ by such vessels as they had {used before} \consequence that the rapture of Io/ happened between the 8th year of Davids reign when he was made king of all Israel & removed to Ierusalem & {illeg} his /18 year when Cadmus came \to Greece/ in quest of Europa\ < insertion from the right margin of f 152r > And therefor \Io & her brother Phoroneus {illeg} flourished in Davids reign & their father/ Phoroneus {sic} the brother of Io flourished at the same time {illeg} Inachus their father flourished in the reign of Samuel & Saul. And since the Greeks feigned that Io having \after she was/ carried into Egypt became the Goddess Isis, the reign of Osiris & Isis in Egypt according to ye opinion of the Greeks ancient Greeks who made the fable, happened was later then the eighth year of Davids reign.

< text from f 152r resumes > <152v>

her invented in the red Sea by king Erythra, & began a trade between Syria Greece & Egypt. ffor they carried Io into Egypt & therefore traded both with Greece & \also with/ Egypt as Herodotus affirms. {illeg} From ye days of Moses to ye days of D Saul I meet no mention of Egypt. There In all this time there seems to have be] When David destroyed Edom, {Hadad} ye young king of Edom fled with certain Edomites {illeg} into Egypt & found great favour in the sight of Pharaoh so that Pharaoah gave him a house & land & victuals & the sister of Taphenes ye Queen to be his wife, & his young son Genubah was brought up in Pharaohs house among {illeg} And this great favour of Pharaoh to these Edomites {illeg} the {illeg} \{illeg}/ & those Edomites Merchants of Edom who fled from the red Sea to ye Sea coast of Phenicia. & began a trade upon the mediterranean. And perhaps the former trade of these merchants upon the red seas had procured them a {commission} wth Egypt before & thereby laid the foundation of all that friendship wch Pharaoh shewed to Hadad their king In Iacobs days the Midianites traded to \between Gilead &/ Egypt upon Camels (Gen 37 25) & {illeg} in a time of famin \when/ all countrys {illeg} sent into Egypt to buy corn & the sons of Iacob went upon {asses} to buy {illeg} \corn/ among those that came from Canaan Gen 41.57 & 42.5, 26) \& the Sidonians had {illeg} coasts of Phenicia/ but of the trading of the Phenicians upon the mediterranean I meet with no instance before that of those Merchants who carried away {illeg} Io \from Greece/ into Egypt.

{illeg} The principal trafic with Egypt has in all ages been for corn This was a commodity wth wch Ægypt \{illeg} from the {illeg}/ abounded with & Greece then wanted ffor plowing & sowing was not yet in use among the Greeks. Now corn was first brought into Greece in the days \a little a little past gefore the reign of/ of {sic} Erechtheus king of Athens & a little before & in the days \reign/ of Myles the son of Lelex king of Laconia. – – – – from all wch compared together I conclude that Erechtheus was about 85 older then Theseus, that & by consequence about 32 years old at ye coming of Cadmus into Europe. \In time of famin/ H|h|e procured a great quantity of corn from Egypt & for this benefaction the people of Athens made him their king

When the Phœnicians began the trade of bringing corn from Egypt to Greece they would be apt to bring weomen out of Egypt to instruct – – – – – about the 10th or 15th year of Solomons reign for Erechtheus reigned long. Then reigned his sons Cecrops & Pandion & grandson Ægeus \successively/ in the days of Solomon & Rehoboam. Pandion had war with Labdacus the grandson of Cadmus.

Arcas – – – earth.

In the reign of Car – – – Phoroneus to David.

Perseus         learn to grind corn

Gorgophone the daughter or Perseus \the son of Danae the daughter of A{illeg} Eurydice the Daughter of Sparte the daughter of Eurotas the son or \brother of Myles the son of Lelex// was the Grandmother of the Argonauts Lynceus, Idas, Castor & Pollux, & of Phœbe & Ilaira the wives of Castor & Pollux & of Clytemnestra & Helena \their sisters/ & of Penelope the wife of Vlysses.

Lelex was an Egyptian his son& Myles first of any man set up a hand mill in Greece in a place thence called the Mill or Alesia that is, the Mill or Quern, & taught his people how to grind corn. [This was done therefore upon the first coming of corn into Greece suppose about the 10th or 12t year of Davids reign. But Myles was then ab sev an old man. ffor] he \Myles/ was either the father of or brother of Eurotas the father of Sparte the wife of Lacedemon {illeg} \wife of Lacedæmon &/ mother of Amyclas & Eurydice. \by {illeg}/ Amyclas was the father father of Cynortes the father of Perseus the husband of] And Eurydice was the husband \wife/ of Acrisius & mother of Danae the mother of Perseus the father of Gorgophone \& Sthenelus/ And Amyclas was the father of Cynortes the father of Perieres the husband of Gorgophone. And Gorgophone was the Grandmother of the Argonauts Lynceus, Idas, Castor & Pollux & of Phœbe & Ilaira the wives of Castor & Pollux & of Clytemnestra & Hellena their sisters & of Penelope the wife of Vlysses. {illeg} \Perseus was the father of/ Sthenelus was the <153r> father of Erystheus who was born at the same time with Hercules & slain By these genealogies I reccon Perseus about 60 years old at the death of Solomon & {illeg} \{illeg}/ \was between 60 & 70 years old/ in the war between him & Bacchus, & Acrisius about 40 \45 or/ 50 \{illeg}/ years older then Perseus so that he flourished or ten years younger then David \or 60 years old at the death of {illeg}/ & Lelex about 80 \or 100/ years older then Acrisius or 60 years old at the death of Eli [And that Lelex & his colony fled from Egypt in the days of Eli {illeg} & brought corn with them for their sustenance, venturing out to sea in such vessels as were then in use upon the Nile & sea coasts of Egypt] So that P Acrisius flourished in the reign of David & Lelex in the days of Eli. Whence its probable \it seems/ that Lelex & his Colony fled from Egypt in the days of Eli & brought corn with them for their sustenance \to live upon while it lasted/. [venturing out to sea in such vessels as were then in use upon ye Nile & sea coasts of Egypt between them of Egypt, or {illeg} or such larger vessels as they built for ye purpose] venturing out to sea in such vessels made of the Egyptian papyr. or as were then in use upon the Nile.

The erecting of the Amphictyonic Councils is by some ascribed to Acrisius by others to Amphictyon king of Athens. They both flourished \at once/ in the reign of David & therefore that Council was erected in Davids \his/ reign by the joynt endeavours of these kings. And the time of erecting this Council discovers the occasion of erecting it. ffor in those days Greece {illeg} abounded with many forreing {sic} nations. T Strabo tells us[152] that almost all Greece was anciently inhabited by barbarous nations speaking two languages & {illeg} \& as/ ye Phrygians brought thither by Pelops, the Egyptians by Danaus, the Dryopes, Caucones, Pelasgians, Leleges, & others within the Istmus, & without it by the Thracians who came with Eumolpus, the people of Tereus in Daulis of Phocis, the Phœnicians in Cadmeia, the Aones, Tembices & Hyantes in Bœotia. And Thucydides \saith/ that in a region called Acta neare mout {sic} Athos conteined several cities, as the Andrean colony, & Thyssus & Cleonæ & Acrothous & Olophyxus & Dion wch were inhabited by promiscuous barbarous nations speaking two languages & by some of Calcidon but chiefly by the Tyrrhenian Pelasgians who once inhabited Lemnos & Athens & by the Bisaltes & Crestones & Edones living disperst in villages. And among these nations were the Odomantes a people {illeg} who used circumcision & loved onyons & therefore came either from Egypt Idumæa or Palestine & perhaps had the name of Odomantes from Edom.[153] \The Iones who past into Asia minor were originally Petosirians & so were the Æoles/ Now \while/ Grece was in this the confusion a common council was very necessary for preventing or composing wars \& commotions & {illeg}/, \doing justice/ adjusting matters between the several nations, {illeg} granting or refusing seats to newcomers \& consulting the common safety of Greece./ And therefore its reasonable to belive {sic} that the \Amphictionic/ Council was occasioned by \erected about the middle of Davids reign upon/ /occasioned by\ the coming of Cadmus with many new colonies & seating them in several parts of Greece \& by consequence that it was erected about the middle of Davids reign./ It was composed of the \twelve senators the/ representatives of twelve states & met every half yeare, once in spring at Therm \Delphos/ Delphos & once in Autumn at Delph Thermopylæ.

<153v> [Editorial Note 57]

Celeus the was an \was {sic}/ the son of Rhearus the son of Cranaus the successor of Cecrops \& therefor/ was contemporary to Erec\h/theus & therefore Cecrops was almost three generations older then Erechtheus \for Celeus & Erec for Celeus & Erechtheus were contemporary/ & flourished in the days of Eli. {illeg} \{illeg} Between/ Cranaus & Erectheus reigned \Chronologers place/ Amphictyon \Erechthonius & Pandion supposing this Pandion/ & between Amphictyon & Erectheus some \Chronologers/ place Erechthonius & Pandion representing \this/ Pandion to be the father son of Erechthonius & father of Erechtheus. But As they have split Minos & Ariadne into two so have they here spli splitting Erechtheus & his son Pandion into two. For {illeg} Erechtheus did not whereas Erechthonius & his son Pandion are the same men wth Erechtheus & his son Pandion. ffor Homer calls Erechtheus the son of the eart ffor Erechtheus is called the son of the earth by Homer & therefore his father was unknown to the Greeks. He did not inherit his fathers kingdom but was elected by the people for his benefaction of corn. He was the first that called A{illeg}thens by that name & therefore instituted ye games wch from h which were first called Athenæa & then Panathenæ & are ascribed Erechthonius. And if there was an Erechthonius two generations older then Erechtheus he would \have/ been contemporary to Cranaus \whereas he is represented to succeed Amphictyon the successor of Cranaus/. Amphictyon therefore was the predecessor of Erechtheus & reigned at that time when Erechtheus procured a great quantity of corn from Egypt, & Erechtheus was a forreigner who came into Greece either at \about/ the same time wth {illeg} Cadmus. or soon after. Diodorus saith he was an Egypti\an/ {but} By his sacrificing his daughter I take him \he seems/ to be a Phœnician but \but/ Diodorus saith he was an Egyptian, & he might be one of the Phenician Shepherds who a little before were driven out of Egypt, & now came with Proteus & Cadmus into Greece. For the colonies wch came from Phen\ic/ia & Egypt \& other places/ into Greece were much more numerous then is described in history. {illeg} ffor instance Thucydides tells us that a region called Acta neare mount Athos {illeg} conteined several cities, as the The colony of the Andrians, & Thyssus & Cleonæ & Acrothous & Olophyxus & Dion wch were inhabited by {illeg} promiscuous barbarous nations speaking two languages & by some of Chalcedon but chiefly by the Tyrrhenian Pelasgians who once inhabited Lemnos & Athens & by the Bisaltes & Crestones & Edones living village by {illeg} disperst \in/ villages. (Thucyd. l. 4 p. 325. The Bisaltes were a Colony \And among these nations were the Odomantes a people who wer used circumcision./ We told you above that Cadmus placed a colony in Calcis & another in Bisaltia but {illeg} \when &/ how the rest of these barbarous nations [here mentioned who spake two languages] is not \came hither/ I do not find mentioned in history. Some think that the Edones & Odomantes are Edomites Its probable that some of them came wth Cadmus, & that the Odomantes were Edomites as some think.] And Strabo tells us that almost all Greece was anciently {illeg} inhabited by barbarus nations as the Phygians {sic} brought thither by Pelops, the Egyptians by Danaus, the Dyopes, Caucones, Pelasgians & Leleges & others wthin the Isthmus, & without it the Thracians who came wth Eumolpus, \the people of/ Terens & his people in Daulis of Phocis, the Phenicians in Cadmæia, the Aones & Tembices \{illeg}/ & {illeg} Hyantes in Bœotia [whereof ye Aones & Tembices or Tempices came from Sumium.] Strabo l 7. p 321 [& l. 9, p. 401.]

And \called it Thebes./ Pelops was born about ye 10th year of David|s| \reign:/ not much sooner because his sons Atreus & Thyestes lived till about 56 years after the death of Solomon, nor much later because Pelops was the father of Pitheus the father Æthra {sic} the mother of Theseus. Amphic Amphion & Zethus were about 25 years younger then Pelops, not much younger because Amphion married \Niobe/ the sister of Pelops & Perebynesus the son of Chloris the daughter of {illeg} Amphion & Niobe \by her had Chloris the mother of Arichimneus who/ was one of the Argonauts, nor much older because Laius the grandson of Polydorus was born \some time/ before \Lycus was slain by/ Amphion & Zetus slew Lycus \& Lamedon the father of Lynceus/ [Epopeus & {illeg} the son or successor of Epopeius [after he had reigned sometime at Ægyale] made war upon Archander \{illeg}/ & Architeles \who marr married the daughters of Danaus & were/ the sons of Achæus the grandson of Erectheus & married the daughters of Danaus Amphion & Zethus were therefore born & Epopeus & Nicteus slain about ye 35th year of David & Thebes was compassed with a wall about the middle of Solomons reign After Amphion had reigned sometime at Thebes he & almost all his family perished of \by/ the plague & Zethus soon after dying – – – – to succeed him.

In the war against Archander & Architeles Lamedon was assisted by Sicyon the son of Metion – – – whom Manetho calls {Sethosis}.

<154r>

After the death of Osiris, I his wife a[154] Isis & Mercury celebrated his funerals with sacrifices & divine honours as to one of ye Gods & instituted many sacred rites & mystical ceremonies to this in memory of the mighty works wrought by this Hero now deifieda[155]. You have heard how {illeg} \he set on foot/ the study of Astronomy. was set on foot in his reign. He & Atlas & Mercury are all of them celebrated for \as/ Astronomers. And hence one of the mystical ceremonies instituted in memory of \his/ works was Astronomical. For b[156] in the holy Isle of Nile neare Phylas was a sepulcher built to Osiris – – – – For c[157] Herodotus tells us that Sesostris was the only king that enjoyed the Empire \while he {gover}/. d[158] He was murdered \in autumn/ by his wicked brother Typhon who mangled his body into 26 | many pieces & gave to each of his confederates a piece in the treason a piece & by that meanes to bring them all within the same {illeg} guilt & thereby the more to engage them to advance him to the throne & to defend & preserve him in the possession. d[159] Hereupon the Princes of Egypt those Gods so much celebra fled & absconded \hid themselves/ & by the advice of Minerva sent for Hercules who commanded the forces of Egypt & he coming to their assistance a civil war insued. with various success |untill Mercury the Grandson of Typhon \interceded &/ made peace in memory of wch \he/ is painted wth an Embassadors rod wth wch he reconciled two contending serpents| This is that famous war between the Gods of Egypt & the Gyants, so much celebrated by the Poets, in wch the Gods {illeg} were feigned to fly from Typhon \Typhon/ & hide themselves in various shapes & Typhon {illeg} \till Hercules came to their assistance &/ the Giants were feigned to have many heads & hands to signify that they were not single persons but bodies politick or squadrons of Typhons army. In this war \Hercules &/ Orus the son & successor of Osiris bestirred himself & Diodorus tell{illeg}s us that one of ye Oru \{sic}/ fought {illeg} \& overcame/ Typhon at a Village \wch wa/ called Antæa from Antæus e[160] & {illeg} \\wch was/ one of the the proper/ names of Typhon as we shewed above \& there {illeg} took him prisoner./ And {illeg} to ye same \this war/ war {sic} Ovid alludes relates when he makes Hercules say

– sævoqꝫ alimenta paterna parentis

Antæo eripui.

\Diodorus \Plutarch/ tells us that in/ In this war Typho was assisted by Aso queen of the Ethiopians

So then the civil wars in Egypt wch commenced at ye death of {illeg} Plutarch tells us[161] that Typhon that Typhon was assisted by Aso Queen of the Ethiopians, & that & Pliny that saith [162]Ægyptiorum bellis attrita est Æthiopia vicissim imperitando serviendoqꝫ clara et potens etiam usqꝫ ad Trojana bella Memnone regnante. In the reign \days/ of Sesostris Egypt reigned over Ethiopia, after his death Ethiopia reigned over Egypt. ffor in the 15th year of Asa king of Iuda, Zera the Ethiopian with an army of a thousand thousand Ethiopians & Libyans invaded Iudea. \The mixture of Ethiopians & Libyans shews that they came through Egypt/ Asa had long expected their coming {illeg} & while the land was yet before him sought the Lord & destroyed Idolatry & fortified the cities of Iudah wth walls & barrs towers & gates & barrs & prepared an army of five hundred thousand & eighty thousand men & wth these he met the Ethiopians & Libyans army of Zera & routed them totally at Mareshah a town of Iudea towards Egypt & pursued them to Gerar & smote the cities about Gerar & as he returned wth much spoile – – – was found of them. The Ethiopians there

By this victory – – – flourished in power & wealth for many years.

<154v>

The successor of \Orus who succeeded Osiris or/ Sesostris is by Herodotus called Pheron by Pliny Nuncoreus & by the & the successor of Osiris is by all writers called Orus. He did nothing glorious placed two \He/ placed in Heliopolis two Obelisks an hundred cubits long & {sic} eight broad, one of wch was carried to Rome by Caius. He is said to have fallen blind & recovered his sight by such miracles as {illeg} \seem/ fabulous make the story seem fabulous

Then \did/ Isis & Orus took the kingdom \take upon them government of Egypt/, but Isis afterwards let go Typhon whereupon followed another battel or two in wch Hercules was taken prisoner \by the sons of Typhon/ & after 13 months set set at liberty by Mercury, the wife of Typhon shewing \him/ where Hercules was kept prisoner \imprisoned/. T And then Mercury agreed the difference \interceding composed the war/ & in memory thereof is painted wth an Embasadors rod writhen by wch he reconciled \the/ two contending serpents nations signified by \writhen about wth/ two serpents about his rod wch signify the two contending nations reconciled by his embassy. This w

② Diodorus tells us that Isis & Mercury celebrated the funerals of Osiris &c – – – – – for want of knowing the just number of days between the Observations.

|① Orus| T|t|he \son &/ successor of \Osiris or/ Sesostris is by Diodorus3 Herodotus called 3 Pheron \that is Pharaoh ye common name of ye kings of Egypt/, by Diodorus 2 Sesostris the second & by 2 Pliny Nuncoreus. He placed in Heliopolis two Obelisks an hundred cubits long & eight broad one of wch was carried to Rome by Caius. He \is/ said to have fallen blind of & recovered his sight by such miracles as make that part of his story look fabulous. He made no wars abroad and After & seems to have reigned but a short time, being drowned in the Nile by his enemies. In his reign Isis & Mercury made laws for Egypt.

② Diodorus tells us that Isis & Mercury – Observations

The three great Pyramids neare Memphy|i|s are all of them by Herodotus & Diodrorus ascribed to Kings who reigned after Sesostris, the biggest to this king \Suphis/ the next to his brother Cephren (called also Suphis, Saophis, Seno\s/aophis – Mencheres. And besides these Pyramids there were 18 others small ones \others/ neare the Mummies one of wch {was} is recconed by Greaves to be equal to the greatest of ye three above mentioned but the rest \most of them/ were small much smaller. We may reccon the small ones were built first, & when such buildings grew in fashion the Kings built them bigger & bigger to outvie one another. Whence by \so that from/ their bigness shews \may be gathered/ in what order the kings \who built them/ reigned. who founded them. The Canons tell us that {illeg} Enephes fou built Pyramids in Cochome prbably {sic} those were the small ones above mentioned but who Venephes was we did not fin I know not unles the word be corruptly \imperfectly/ written for Amen Menophes w Amenophes. The Pyramids of Mœris were of a middle size & those |of Suphis & his {followers} the biggest brother & successor \sons/ the biggest.|

[Editorial Note 58]

– – – For Herodotus tells us that Sesostris was the only king that {enjoyed} the Empire. Vpon his death Egypt fell into civil wars as shall be presently explained & those warrs \gave quiet to Iudah &/ set Asa at liberty to revolt & fortify the cities of Iudah. Whence it follows that Sesostris died in the f Sesostris therefore began his reign – describes.

While Osiris

Hercules is painted wth a club because the people \nations/ above Egypt gave \for the most part/ used clubs wth bows & arrows & of such \people/ his army for ye most part consisted. He entered the Mediterranean{illeg} & at Sesostris & at the m & went westward to ye mouth of ye straits \invading Italy Spain & Mauritania &/ setting |up| pillars there as the bounds \{illeg} in memory/ of his conquests, as Sesostris did in the east.

The Pyramy|i|ds were a \very/ particular sort of buildings & therefore must be built \wthin a short compas of \time// out of an humour then in fashion, the small ones first & the bigger afterward as the humour to outvie the former. There \were/ many small ones. Greaves saw 18 toge{ther} in a plane towards Libya. The Canon says Venephes \Rex/ Pyramides struxit in Cochomes Perhaps Venephes is corruptly written for Am Menephes or Amenephes. Those built by Mœris were of a middle size & those built by Suphis & his brother & their children the biggest, wch shews in what order the|se| kings reigned.

<155r>

\He was also called Menes, for/ Herodotus \& Diodorus/ tells us \from the Egyptian Priests/ that Orus the son of Osiris & Isis \& Isis/ was the last of the Gods who reigned in Egypt. [& \Some say/ that he perished by the hands of Typhon who succeeded him, Others say that Typhon pe was slain by the darts of Apollo, who the Egyp \who is/ Orus. After them reigned Menes the] & that Menes the first king who reigned after them \& Typhon/ was Menes & that after the Gods & Typhon men reigned \long/ in Egypt the first of wch was Menes. So also \also/ Eratosthenes, Manetho, Africanus, Eusebius & Syncellus \with one consent/ make Menes the first king of Egypt\{illeg} a/[163]. He taught the people the adoration of the Gods & the manner of divine worship & how to adorn their beds & tables wth rich cloaths & coverings, & was ye first that brought in a delicate & sumptuous way of living a[164]. b[165] He was the first that instituted written laws feigning that he received ym from Mercury b[166]. c[167] He made a bridge over the Nile at Memphys & \twelve miles/ above Memphys by making a great banck of earth turned the River \into a new Channel/ through the middle of the mountains. He built Memphys And the old ol channel being dried up he there built Memphys on ye western side of the river & therein built the most magnificent & memorable Temple of Vulcan c[168]. By all wch he lived after Sesostris \& Mercury/ & so was the same king wch {sic} Amenophes whom the Greeks call \Amenophis &/ Memnon. ffor Sesostris used used writin The Egyptians calle |his works were too great for any former age, &| Memphys was by the Egyptians called Moph & Noph, wch names \as also the names Memnon, Menes, Mneuis Men or Menes, & {illeg} & Mneuis/ seem derived from his name Amenoph by omitting the first vowel. ✝ < insertion from f 155v > |{illeg} \For/| The {sic} name Menes in {illeg} was \is/ \is by Eratosthenes/ interpreted Διόνιος Iovinus \Iovius/ & therefore came from the word Am{illeg}\m/on \or Hammon/ by corruption omitting the first vowel the Egyptian name of Iupiter & should be written Amenes, or Hame

This record makes Menes an age or two older then Sesostris & ascribes the

By this record should not be much older then Cadmus nor much younger then Mercury \Menon or Menas is Menes &/ This {sic} record gives us the|his| age & Mercury \near or/ very nearly by a double character, \the first/ that he lived in \or about/ the ages of Phoroneus & that he lived when let wch brings us neare the truth, & the next that he lived when letters began first to be used in Thebais. < text from f 155r resumes > Pliny tells us: [169]Anticlides \literas/ in Ægypto invenisse quendam nomine < insertion from f 155v > ‡ nomine Menona tradidit quindecim annis ante Phoroneum {illeg} antiquissimum Græciæ regem, idqꝫ monumentis approbare conatur. By this record we have the age of Men Menon \Menes/ or Menas very nea wth respect to ye times of Greece very nearly. [He being the first king who reigned \in Thebes/ after Mercury began to introduce letters {sic} Theban \there/ & \the first/ who set downe laws in writing, it may be recconed that writing came first into use in his rein The letters at Thebes in his reign & that might give occasion to \thence/ Anticlides might reccon argue out of \old/ records that he was the author of letters.] \The Theban/ Letters are attributed to Mercury, but if Mercury framed the|m| Theban Letters in ye beginning of |t|his|e| reigne \of Menes or/ {illeg} neare the end of \the reign of/ Orus's, so that the Thebans began to use them in this|e| reign \of Menes/ (for he was ye first that set down laws in writing) Anticlides was not much out in ascribing them to him. < text from f 155r resumes >

Amenophis is called Amenephthis by Eusebius, Imandas Ismandes & Isimandes by Strabo, Osimandes by Hecatæus, Osimanduas & Mendes by Diodorus. His a[170] mother was a Queen \the daughter & wife of a king/ & he was the son of Rhampses & Manetho calls his father Rhampses. On his \a/[171] mothers statue he placed three crowns to signify that she was the daughter wife & mother of a king. \Hesiod &/ The {sic} Greeks who called him Memnon say that he \this Memnon/ was the son of Tithonus & Aurora wch Tithonus, saith Diodorus was the son of Priam Laomedon & brother of Priam, & warring in the eastern parts went as far as Ethiopia (that is was carried captive by Sesostris into Thebais,) whence came the fable of Memnons being the son of Aurora. Pindar calls Memnon the b[172] son of Aurora & Cousin german of Troilus, wch Troilus was {illeg} one of the sons of Priam. Memnon was therefore one generation younger then Tithonus & Priam & by consequence contemporary to Alexander Helena \the children of Priam/ & the Trojan war. And this synchronism is confirmed by its giving occasion to a story related by Pindar Pausanias & Diodorus & other ancients that Memnon was at the war of Troy & was there slain by Achilles, the Greeks taking occasion from this synchronism to feign the story \of his death/ in honour of their nation. And since they made him ye son of Tithonus its reasonable to beleive that he was born soon after ye return of Sesostris \returned/ into Egypt wth Tithonus amongst his captives, that is soon after the 14th year of Rehoboam \the 14th year of Rehoboam when Tithonus was carried captive in Sesostris returned/ into Egypt wth the cap carrying along with \him/ the captives of ye nations he had invaded amongst wch I reccon Tithonus. For he was \then/ a youth beautiful to a miracle \proverb/ & ye son of a king & therefore very fit to be chosen by Sesostris, & he spent his life in following the armies of Egypt \going/ first as far as far as \going first into/ Ethiopia or Thebais where Memnon was born & yn following \the armies of/ Memnon in his warrs to Susa. <156r> And thus far the story might be true that about the time of that war or immediately after he came into Phrygia not to assist the Trojans but in carrying on his conquests. Pausanias[173] relates that in a publick building at Delphos he saw several pictures made by Polygnotus (a famous ancient Painter contemporary to Artaxerxes Longimanus) & that in one of them were painted Hector Memnon & Sarpedon all of them with beards & Paris a beardles youth & by Memnon \was painted/ a naked Ethiopian boy. And saith Pausanias Memnon came to the war of Troy not from Ethiopia but from Susa \a/ city of Persia conquering all the intermedate nations as far as ye river Choaspis. And the Phrygians still shew by what way he led his army the way being distinguished by mansions. In memory of this expedition the Nicomedians kept in the Temple of Esculapius a copper sword wch they said was Memnon's It was certainly an old monument because made of copper the metal of wch the Greeks & Trojans \then/ made their weapons. T Now from all these things compared it seems that Sesostris invaded Asia & Greece in the days of Laomedon king of Troy & amongst a great multitude of captives carried away his son Tithonus \the son of Laomedon/[174] a youth beautifull to a proverb: & that Memnon was born soon after \about that time/, that is soon after \about {illeg}/ the 15|4|th year of Rehoboam \or soon after/,) & therefore feigned by the Greeks \of those ages/ to be the son of Tithonus. But whether he wa Its probable that he was ye grandson of Sesostris but whether by Orus or some other son of Sesostris is uncertain |But seing he|is| mother was the daughter & wife of a Queen its probable that he was ye grandson of Sesostris| d[175] Manetho saith that he was the son \& successor/ of Rhampses the eldest son \& successor/ of Sethon or Sesostris. Which makes it probable that R\h/ampses was ye proper name of Orus, ffor & Orus his \as a man & that he was/ surnamed Orus as a God & Orus his \sir/name as one of the Gods & |yt| Orus \was/ his sirname as a God. Whence it follows that he was about 25 years old when he {illeg} retired into Ethiopia, 38 \or 40/ when he drove the Iews out of Egypt & 74 when he constituted the new year of 365 days. wch was about about 2 years before Arbacce (according to Ctesias & his followers erected the Monarchy of ye Medes & Persians

The Atlantides or people of Cyrene (as Diodorus re related \had a tradition that/ that {sic} Vranus \/ < insertion from f 155v > ‡ Vranus was the|ir| first king who reduced them caused the people who then wandred up & down to dwell in {illeg} towns & cities & reducing them from a lawless & sal|v|age course of life taught them to use & lay up the fruits of ye earth & many other things usefull to man's life. That he had under his dominion the gre a great part of the world especially towards the west & North. that he was much addicted to Astrology \was familiarly acquainted wth the rising & setting of ye Stars/ & {illeg} measured the year by the course of the Sun & the Months by the motion of the Moon & divided the days into hourse and after death for his merits & art in Astrolognomy was honoured as a God, & seing his merits transcended all the honours that could be attributed to him he was called the eternal king of ye Vniverse. He had 45 children – < text from f 156r resumes > had 45 Children whereof 18 were T by his wife Titæa & therefore called Titans, the principal of wch were Hyperion, \Saturn/ Atlas, Basilea & Rhea \whom som {sic} call Pandora/: that Hyperion married Basilea & by her had Helio & Selene, & that his brothers the Titans conspired against him & slew him & drowned Helio in Eridanus, whereupon Heli Selene threw her self down from the house-top & Basilea ran up & down like a woman distracted with & at length disappeared. That the Titans divided the kingdom of Hyperion amongst them & Atlas obteined the country of the Atlantides bordering upon ye ocean, & Saturn Italy Sicily Africa & the western parts of ye world, {illeg} & that Saturn was very profane & covetous & married by his sister Rhea or Pandora had Iupiter sirnamed Olymp{us}|ius|. That Saturn by the help of ye Titans made war upon his son but Iupiter overcame him in battel & gained the kingdom & then went through the world doing good to all. In this story by Vranus Hyperion, Basilea, Helio & Selene I understand {illeg} Osiris, Isis, Apollo & Diana \Apollo & Diana or/ Orus & Bubaste. And therefore \Eridanus is the Nile &/ Vranus \the Astronomer & first king of Cyrene/ is Ammon ye father of Osiris, & Saturn the husband of Pandora & their son Iupiter are Epimetheus (or Hercules) & {illeg} Amenophis \& brother of Atlas is Epimetheus the brother & his son Iupiter is/ Ammon junior or Amenophis \the younger/ whom the Greeks \call/ Memnon. And <156v> Vranus the first king of Cyrene is Ammon the father of Osiris who conquered Libya. So far as his \By his own & his sons co/ conquests extended so far he was worshipped as a God |his worship as a God was propagated into many nations|. Lucan lib. 9,

Quamvis Æthiopum populis Arabumqꝫ beatis

Gentibus atqꝫ Indis unus sit Iupiter Ammon. Lucan. lib. 9.

In his reign therefore Astronomy began to be studied, & till then the Egyptian years were solar & the Months Lunar, & the day without distinction of hours. He distinguished the day into 24 hours & his sons Osiris Atlas & Mercury distinguished the put used a year of twe distinguished ye year into 360 days & \distinguished/ the Equator & Ecliptic into 360 degrees & delineated the Egyptian Constellations & his Grandson Memnon added 5 days to ye yeare |by his example studied studied Astronomy & using a| & regulated the year distinguishing it into twelve months of 30 days each & to ye end of this year Memnon added 5 days. to make it Atlas also for distingished {sic} the Globe by And \while these things were doing/ Atlas found out ye Globe wth its circles & constellations in memory of wch it was {illeg} \ever after/ painted upon his shoulders. And this I take to be the first rise & progress of Astronomy in Egypt.

The Atlantides say further that after the death of Hyperion & Helio the Titans divided the kingdom of Hyperion amongst them & Atlas obteined the country of ye Atlantides bordering upon the ocean & Saturn Italy Sicily &|A|frica & ye western parts of ye world & that Saturn was very prophane & covetous & by his sister Rhea or Pandora had Iupiter \sirnamed/ Olympius: that Saturn by the assistance of ye Titans made war upon Iupiter & his son but Iupiter overcame him in battel & gained the kingdom & then went through ye world doing good to all. And Thymætes {illeg} a very old writer saith that Rhea fled from Ammon ye father of Bacchus & stirred up the Titans against Bacchus. Whenc Whence it seems that this Iupiter was Ham Amenophis or t the younger Ammon or Memnon & that his father Saturn whom ye Atlantij called Saturn was he \not Sesostris but his brother/ /he\ whom ye Greeks called Epimetheus & the Egyptians Hercules, \& whom Sesostris set over the armies of Thebais & Ethiopia Ara above Egypt/ By these stories it should seem that after the death he & the Titans he was the prime he affected the dominion of Egypt & for that end slew Orus Helio or Orus but was checkt {illeg} first by the army of Iews at Maresah (the Bætulus wch he could not concoct) & then by the force of \his/ son Amenophis & who & so being driven of his kingdom retired into Sicily & Italy whence he invaded {Spain} the western & that he was expelled Egypt \that dominion/ by his son \& then reigned in the west/ but the manner of the war is not to be met wth in history. If there be room for conjecture Perhaps the army of ye Iews was the Bætylus wch |t|he|is| \Saturn/ could not digest & that being beaten at Maresah his son revolted & expelled him \for his venality & ill manners/. For it was a particular custome of ye Phœnic \the people revolted & set up his son./ A Bætylus was such a stone as Iacob consecrated & called Bethel It was a particular custome of ye Phenicians There were many such consecrated stones in The Phœnicians consecrated many such stones in mount Libanus & thence a Bætylus might be used as a symbol of ye people of Phœnicia. Thymethes a|n| writer \author/ as old as ye Trojan war, wrote writes yt Rhea was ye wife of Ammon ye father of Bacchus & fled {illeg} from him to Saturn by whom she had Iupiter & that she stirred up the Titans against Ammon \Ammon the father of Bacchus married Rhea the sister of/ Rhea the daughter of Cælus & Sister of Saturn & the other Titans, that Rhea \Ammon had Bacchus by Amalthæa at wch Rhea being displeased, she/ fled from Ammon to the Titans & married her brother Saturn & stirred up the Titans against Ammon, that the Titans beat Ammon in battel & \Saturn/ having gained the kingdom governed cruelly & marcht with an army \to Nysa/ against Bacchus, but Bacchus & Minerva routed Saturn & the Titans & took them prisoners & made f \& forgave them {illeg} & thereby/ made them {illeg} \their/ friends by forgiving them, & that about that time Iupiter was born of Saturn & Rhea had a son called Iupiter who after the death of Ammon & Bacchus became lord of ye Vniverse.

<157r>

II. 17. princes of Egypt. The Egyptian priests related to Herodotus that Menes built the Magnificent temple of Vulcan, & that Rhampsinitus built the western & Mœris the northern portico thereof.

Herodotus tells us \from the Priests of Egypt/ that from Menes to Mœris \inclusively,/ there were 330 kings who reigned 11000 years \recconing 3 reigns to an hundred years/ & from Menes to Sethon 341 & \inclusively to/ the beginning of the reign of twelve kings there were th 341 reigns. And this is all one as to tell us that from the death \beginning of the reign/ of Mœris to the beginning of the reign of the twelve kings there were twelve reigns \of kings/ that is four hundred \two hundred & forty years/ years {sic}. The {illeg} Asserhadon Egypt was subdued by Asserhadon & an end Anno Nabonass Whether Setho & an end put to the reign of the & whether Sethon or Tirhaca was the last of the kings of Egypt {illeg} who reigned before the twelve kings Æ Egypt was conquered by Asserhadon & an end put to the reign of those kings in the year of Nabonassar 69. Count backwards {30}|24|0 years & they will place the beginning of the reign of Mœris eleven \sevent{illeg}y and one/ years after the death of Solomon or in the time of the Trojan warr. So then the Egyptians in the days of Herodotus had not \much/ raised the antiquities of their kings who reigned at Memphys from the days of Mœris. [who translated the seat of the Empire thither from the days of Thebes Herodotus tell \Herodotus tells us that/ The {sic} eleven kings who reigned after Mœris, Herodotus tel were Sesostris Peron Proteus Rhampsinitus Cheops Cepren Minerinus Asychis Amysis Sabachus & Sethon. But Sesostris Pheron Proteus & Rhampsinitus reigned before him \reign {sic} at Thebes & are to be omitted/ & Nitocris reigned after him & is to be added. And thus nine kings will reign at Memphis before the conquest of Egypt by Asserhadon, & /And\ if Tirhacah be added, he will make a tenth And these nine \or ten/ reigns at about 20 years a piece amount to about 180 or 20\0/ years wch counted back from the year of Nabonassar 69 place the beginning of the reigns of Mœris about 91 {illeg} 121 \121/ years after the death of Solomon And thereabout we have placed it. |It could not be earlier because Homer celebrates Thebes as in glory in his days & makes no mention of Memphys.| Whence it may be understood that the Chronology of the kings of Egypt as we had who reigned at Memphis, as we have deduced it from the hath not been much corrupted. The corruption lay in inserting 330 kings of Thebes between Menes & Mœris who translated the seat of the empire of Egypt from Thebes to Mempis the last of them.

Now Herodotus tells us that from the Priests of Egypt that from Menes to to {sic} Mœris inclusively there were 330 successi kings who reigned 11000 years recconing three reigns to an hundred years, & \that/ from Menes to the conquest of Egypt by the Assyrians under Asserhadon king of Assyria which put an end to the reign of the kings of Æthiopia over Egypt there were 34 reigns & by consequence & from the death \reign/ of Mœris \inclusively/ to that conquest of Egypt |wch was in the year of Nabonassar {7}8| there were eleven twelve reigns. These eleven reigns according to Herodotus upon \reigns of/ kings. These kings according to Herodotus were \Mœris/ Sesostris, Pheron, Proteus, Rhampsit|n|itus, Cheops, Cepren Micerinus, Asychis, Anysis, Sabacus & Sethon. And these reigns at the rate of 20 years to a reign will pla amount unto 20|4|0 years, wch counted back from the year of Nabonassar 78 place the beginning of the reign of Mœris upon the 71 years after the death of Solomon, or in the time of the Trojan warr. The Egyptians therefore in the days of Herodotus had not much corrupted the revised \augmented/ the antiquity of their kings who reigned at Memphis. from the days of Mœris. For they reignd at Thebes till Mœris translated the seat of the empire from Thebes to to {sic} Memphis. They Sesostris, M Pheron, Proteus, \&/ Rhampsinitus reigned at Thebes & Proteus was only deputy to Memnon king Thebes was the seat of the Empire during the reign of Sesostris Pheron Proteus & Rhapsinitus {sic} & therefore Mœris should have been placed after them. And Nitocris reigned at Memphis & therefore should have been placed after him. And Sethon reigned contempo \& Tirhakah/ vanquished the army of the Assyrians in the middle of the reign \14th year/ of Hezekiah & in the \that is in the/ year of Nabonassar 35|4|. And between this time & the 78th Olympiad

<158r>

From the days of Ammon \to/ the kings of Egypt reigned at Thebes till Mœris translated the seat of the empire of Egypt from Thebes to Memphis. And the priests of Egypt recconed to Herodotus 330 kings who reigned between Menes & Mœris These therefore reigned at Thebes. [They recconed further eleven kings who reignd at Memphis after Mœris untill Asserhadon king of Assyria invad] Menes built the body of the temple of Vulcan, Ramesses his son & successor the western portico thereof & Mœris the norther Portico these three kings we have placed in continuall succession, & th but the Priests of Egypt ha to make their Gods & nation look ancient have inserted 330 kings {illeg} of Thebes between {illeg} Menes & Mœris & by consequence between Ramesses & Mœris as if the temple had stood 11000 years between the building of the first & second Portico.

pag. 19.       have omitted. These{illeg} kings reigned before Mœris & by consequence at Thebes. For

for the reigns of the three hundred & thirty nameless king

Mœris translated the seat of the empire from Thebes to Memphis. They reigned between Menes & Mœris & by consequence between Ramesses the son & Successor of Menes & Mœris. \For Ramesses was For Ramesses was the son & successor of Mœris: Now/ Menes built the body of the temple of Vulcan, Ramesses the first portico thereof & Ramesses the third Mœris the third \second portico./ But the Egyptians for making their Gods & kingdom \look ancient/ have inserted 330 kings between the building of the {illeg} fir who reigned eleven thousand years \of Thebes between the/ between the building\ers/ of the first & second Portico of the|is| temple of Vulcan if you can beleive it & \& supposed that/ these kings reigned 11000, {illeg} if you can beleive eleven thousand years, \as/ if you can beleive that this temple \had/ stood \if any temple could stand/ so long. between the building of these two Porticos. This being a manifest fiction, we have with He corrected it by omitting those kings whom Herodotus names not. & placing Mœris next after Ramesses the builder of the second portico next after Ramesses who built the first. And thus the reign of Osiris falls in with that of the great Bacchus as it ought to do, \For/ he & his son Orus reined next before Mœris Menes. the predecessor of Ramesses

<159r>

Tully tells us that the great Eclips predicted by Thales happened in the reign of Astyages. And from this opinion might arise the opinion that Astyages reigned after his father Cyaxeres tho Astyages was did not reign in the time of that Eclips.

Sir

<160r>

Abram was born 360 after the flood

Noah lived 950 years

Noah was500whenShem was born
600whenArphaxad born
635whenSalah brn {sic}
668|5|whenEber born
699whenPeleg born
729Rue
761Serug
so that791Nahor
Noah died890Terah
10 years95|6|0beforeAbram was born
Shem was100Arphaxadwas born
135whenSala
165Eber
199Peleg
229Rue
261Serug
291Nahoz
390Terah
460Abram
560Isaac
600whenIsaacmarried
[Editorial Note 59]

Noah 300 300

<160v>

100 when Isaac born

127

<161r>

re Censorin. cap. 20. The intercalary months shew that the a Before the first a The first ages before they applyed themselves to make Astronomical Observations cont Men at first contented themselves with numbring the months by the revolutions of the Moon & the years by \ye revolutions of the sun & by the/ the {sic} returns of the four seasons & of the fruits of the earth & harvest \or the overflow of the Nile/ & some who lived neare the Oceā as the old Saxons recconed by the returns of the tydes. But at length growing more curious the {sic} began to limit \more exactly/ the solar length of the solar years by the return of the Sun to ye same fixt starrs & determin that return by the heliacall risings of the starrs, & others thereby (or by ye return of the sun to the Tropics or Equinoxes) to number the days hours in the Solar{illeg} year. And the first man who And while this was They limited not ye \just/ length of ye year by any nu any certain number of days or months but \& tho they found about 30 days in the month & 12 months in the year yet/ as oft as they found 12 lunar months too short for the return of the sun & the annual seasons, they added a 13th, & as oft as 30 days proved too slow long for the month they omitted a day, governing themselves not by rules of Art but \by/ the appearance of the Luminaries. And if at any time they recconed by the artificial year of {ye} 12 months consisting each of 30 days the \Yet/ at ye same time they they might consider ye year in Theory as consisting of 12 \equal/ months {illeg} each of 30 days, taking the next round numbers without regard to fractions, & might reccon by such years as oft in their computations as oft as they were to reccon \by/ the days or months in any \year or/ number of years past or to come, {illeg} there being the then no better rule to reccon by.

But at length men began l when men began to applied themselves to observe the courses of the Sun & Planets & measure the le{illeg}|ng|th of the yeare more exactly the Eg Amenophis \the Egyptians found/ found that it consisted of about 365 the days, then \afterwards/ the Greeks in the mi when in ye time of the Persian Empire when they applied themselves to ye study of Philosophy fell into various opinions about it. Tempus anni saith Censorinus quot dierū esset ad certum nondum astrologi reperire potuerunt. Philolaus annum naturalem dies habere prodidit CCCLXIV & dimidiatam. Aphrodisius CCCLXV & partem diei octavam. Calippus autem CCCLXV, & Aristarchus Samius tantundem & præterea diei partem MDCXXIII. Meton verò CCCLXV & dierum quinqꝫ undevigesimam partem. Oenopides CCCLXV & dierum duum & viginti undesexagesimam partem. Harpalus autem CCCLXV & horas æquinoctiales tridecim . At noster Ennius CCCLXVI. And at the same time they \Greeks/ \The nations also/ endeavoured also {sic} to reduce reduce the intercalation \addition/ of the 13th {illeg} \Lunar/ month to a rule certain rule And first \And particularly {illeg}/ they greeks \Greeks first added/ intercaled it every other year, \or every fourth year,/ then Cleostratus & others thrice in eight years & Meton seven times in 19 years, |[Philotanus 21 times in 59 years & some used months of 29 & 30 days alternately some other lengths| Calippus 28 times in 7 years Democritus 28 times in 82 years, Hipparchus 112 times in 304 years And & other &c And by such years the use of such like rules months & years were introduced wch in process of time were found the determin months & years \various sorts of \artifical/ years & months/ were introduced wch \in time were found to/ disagreed with the heavens courses of the Sun & Moon.

[Editorial Note 60]

In the race of the Kings of the Latines Æneas is placed 67|6|8 years before the Roman Consuls But the records of Rome being burnt by the Gauls 120 years after{illeg} their Consuls began there is \there is {sic} no certainty in the Chronology preceding/ The years of their kings were afterwards assigned by guess & are made much too long for the \ordinary/ course of nature. Between Æneas & the Kings Consuls reigned 21 Kings, wch after ye rate of 20 yeares a piece (wch \considering that the succession {illeg} was not always from father to son)/ is a moderate allowance) took up 420 years & this brings down the reign of Æneas 24{illeg}|8| years lower, & agrees very well will {sic} the time of the Trojan war \here/ assigned. So in the several cities of Greece the reigns of the ancient kings are feigned much too long for the course of nature.

After ye Captivity the Iews called their months by \The Iews Babylonian in their return from the Babylonian captivity carried along with them/ the names of the Chaldæan months not \{illeg}/ of the months of the \solar/ year of Nabonassar wch the Babylonians learned from ye Eg{illeg}t \but of those/ of ye Lunar \ancient Lunislar/ year of the Chaldees, wch was ancienter And the Samaritans used the same {illeg} did the like \when they were transplanted by Salmanasser/ bringing with them into Samaria the Lunisolar year of the Assyrians with the names of its months. when they were transplanted thither by Salmanasser, {illeg} \& also an Æra of the Assyrians wch/ they accounted {illeg} the Æra of Salmanassar tho it was really older then him & seems to be the Æra of the Assyrian monarchy as that of Nabonassar was the æra of the Babylonian. ffor it \began 32 years before the Æra of Nabonassar &/ was about five years older then the reign of Pul Menahem in whose days Pul being the first founder of the Assyrian monarchy \monarch/ Empire began to infest Israel. The first year of this Æ was {illeg} From the beginning of this Æra the Assyrian Empire stood

<161v>

Iosephus relates out of the Phœnician records that Tyre \in the reign of Ithobalus King of Tyre that city/ was beseiged by Nebuchadnezzar thirteen years together. in the reign of its king Ithobalus & In the end of that siege Ithobalus their king was slain (Ezek. 28.8, 9, 10) & after him according to ye Tyrian records reigned Baal & other ten years, Ecnibalus & Chelbes one year Abbarus three months Mytgonus & Gerestratus six years, Balatorus one year, Merbalus four years & Iromus twenty years & in the 14th year of Iromus say the Tyriā records the reign of Cyrus began in Babylonia. Therefore the siege of Tyre began ended 35 years \{illeg}/ {illeg} began 48 years before the first year reign of Cyrus in Babylonia Now Cyrus It began after ye eleventh year of Iehojakins captivity when or 159th year of Nabonassar in wch when Ierusalem had been newly taken & burnt wth ye Temple (Ezek 26) & therefore the reign of Cyrus in Babylonia began after ye year of Nabonassar 207. |& by consequence after the eleventh year of Iehojakins captivity or 159th year year of Nabonassar & therefore ye reign of Cyrus in Bab. began after ye y. of Nabonassar 207.| |and| It {sic} ended in or a little before the seven \eight/ & twentith {sic} year of Iehojakins captivity (Ezek 29.27) that is a or 176th year of Nabonassar (Ezek 29.27) And therefore the reign of Cyrus in b|B|abylonia began on |or| \after year of Nabonassar 207 &/ before the year of Nabonassar {illeg} 211. /of Nabonassar 211.\ By this argument the first year of Cyrus was one of the 3 intermediate years 208, 209 & 210. And this con agrees well wth ye Canon wch makes |it| the year \of Nabonassar/ 4|2|10. to be the first year of Cyrus. It shews also that as the Iews recconed \dated/ the reign of Nebuchadnezzar from his inading {sic} & conquering Iudea {illeg} in life \the/ life time of his father so the Phœnicians recconed \dated/ the reign of Cyrus from his invading & conquering Babylonia in the life time of Darius. And whilst the author of the Canon uses the same recconing, its probable that this was the most usual recconing of the oriental nations, & that \according to the same recconing/ ye Iews were released from captivity in ye first year of Cyrus according to this recconing while Darius was yet living alive, that is before the month Nisan wch followed next after \in the Iewish Iewish year wch began with the Month Nisan in/ the year of Nabonassar 210. {illeg} before ye month Nisan next ensuing & was the {illeg} seventith {sic} year of Nebuchadnezzars reign over Iudea. ffor otherwise \if it was the first year after the death of Darius/ there will be two years between ye fall of Babylon & ye release of the Captivity, & 72 years from t between ye conquest of Iudea in the {illeg} 3d \third/ year of Iehojakim & the release of ye Captivity in the first of Cyrus.

And yet I do not find that any nation ever kept an account by such y in their civil affairs by such a|n| \artificial/ year. In all antiquity there is no mention of any æra of such years. |Nor is it probable that such an Æra could have been lasting because in the space of 35 years it would turn winter into summer & summer into winter.| Moses tells {illeg} us that at ye Creation God appointed the Sun & Moon for signes & for seasons & for days & for years, & years defined by the course of the sun must be \answer to/ summer & winter years. |And thefore {sic} the first ages measured times & seasons by the visible revolutions of the sun & moon, that is by lunar months & solar years. No other years were fit for determining the the {sic} returns of summer & winter seed time & harvest wch are the seasons here spoken of.| Ioseph interprets {illeg} seven {illeg} \fat/ kine & seven ears of corn to signify seven Egyptian years, a fat O \or lean/ ox being put for a type of \put for/ a plentifull \or barren/ year of grass & a \a good or bad/ ear of corn for a \good or bad/ harvest of corn, as in ye Poet post septem aristas. And this shews that ye years of the Egyptians then in use were measured by harvests \numbred according to the/ returns of \summer &/ harvest Such was the year which the Iews brought out of Egypt. It was lunisolar & began always in autumn till Moses changed the{illeg} beginning. Whence \it came to pass yt/ the Iews had a double year, one for civil affairs wch began always in autumn like as in Egypt \& wch they {illeg} brought out of Egypt/ the other for sacred /use\ which \was the same wth ye former excepting yt it/ began always in spring according to ye appointment of Moses So the In like manner the \other/ oldest Greeks \Nations/ used a luni solar year \year/ wch consisted of Lunar months & began with yt first Lunar month wch happened at a certain season of the years, as the Olypic {sic} years & Attic \Macedonic/ years wth ye Lunar months wch happened at \in or next after/ the summer solstice, the Attic, Bœotic, Laconic & Syracusan years with ye Lunar month wch happened in the winter solstice, the ancient year of the Chaldeans \& Arabians/ wth ye Lunar month in y wch happened in the autumnal æquinox. And so in Italy, i|A|lium Ferentini, alium Lavinij, itemqꝫ Albani vel Romani haubuerunt annum: ita et aliæ gentes. Om\n/ibus tamen fuit propositum suos civiles annos, varie intercalendis mensibus, ad unum verum illum naturalemqꝫ corrigere. Censorin. cap. 20.

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In the days of Iacob the Patriarch

The Ishmaelites & Midianites who were desended {sic} from Abraham & dwelt upon the north east side of the red sea neare mount Sinai \Horeb/, were merchants as early as \in/ the days of Iacob & traded betwen Arabia & E{illeg} (Gen 37.25, 26, 27. 28) & by their merchandice they \Midianites/ abounded with Gold \in the days of the Iudges/ because they were Ishmaelitlites {sic} (Iudg. 8.24.) The Ishmaelites therefore began practised that trade of Merchants upon the red Sea wch at length came into upon conquering the Edomites {illeg} & getting possession of the Ports of Elo Achan \Eloth/ & Ezion Geber came into the hands of David & Solomon. And its probable that for writing down & keeping an account of their trafic those Merchants invented Letters, & that Moses leart {sic} them in Midian & that repor the Edomites upon their flying from David carried them into several countries, \Syria/ Egypt, \Syria, Æthiopia/ Chaldæa, Persia, \Syria/ Asia Minor, & Greece before the end of Solomons reigne <162v> For letters were then in use \among the posterity of Abraham/ upon the north east borders of the red sea neare |the| Mouts {sic} Horeb \& Sinai/, the Law being written there by Moses on Tables of stone & in a Book by Moses long before. He leant {sic} them among the Midianites who wer with the Ishmaelites were merchants as early as in the days of Iacob (Gen 37.28, 36) & \the Midianites/ by their merchand37.28, 36ise abounded with gold in the days of the Iudges {illeg} because \in/ he were they \in those days grew rich by/ practised|ing| that trade upon the red sea wch at length \by conquering their neighbours the Edomites/ came into the hands of \David &/ Solomon. [And its probable that for writing down & keeping an account of their trafic they invented letters before the days of Moses, & that he learnt them of his father Iethro in Midian. & that when the Edomites who bordered upon Midian Ismael & Amalex, fled \every way/ from David they carried letters into Egypt, Ethiopia, Chaldea, Persia, Syria, Asia minor, & Greece.] And when the Edomites fled from David they might {illeg} carry Letters & Astronomy into Ægypt & Chaldæ. For Helladius tells us that – – – – Asia minor & Greece.

[Editorial Note 61]

the

<163r>

Newton

The \{illeg}/ ancients represented peoples by waters, kingdoms by rivers & invasions by floods & a \{sic} kingdom by the world/ & after the invasion & conquest of the lower Egypt \& the erect erecting of a new world politic by the conquest of ye country/ the reign of {illeg} Thomosis {might} be peaceable. That of Ammon was slendid {sic} & victorious, That of Sesostris \Osiris was still/ more warlike \victorious/ & turbulent. And that of Orus \was/ a miserable vexatious iron age to the Egyptians by reason of their civil wars. The Saturn of the Egyptians had two faces {illeg} because he had two kingdoms an old one & a new. For men & beasts with two or more faces or heads were \of a man or beast are/ emblems of two or more {illeg} dominions. He had a syth in his hand in memory of his conquering a corn cou the lower Egypt an exceeding fertile corn country. \And/ Their {sic} Iupiter had rams horns in memory of \his/ conquering Libya a country abounding with sheep. Vpon his conquering Libya, he had an Oracle \an Oracle for influencing the people, an Oracle was/ there erected to him, called the Oracle of Iupiter Hammon. And after the example of this Oracle several Oracles were soon after \presently/ erected in Greece by forreigners in Greece for influencing the natives. For houses towns \altars temples/ cities & kingdoms \altars temples & religious {statues}/ were first erected {illeg} in Greece \& arts & sciences {were invented} \{illeg}/ there by them/ by forreigners [& arts & sciences & idolatrous religions were first introduced by them] \& arts & sciences & forreign religions were first introduced there by them/ while the rude & ignorant natives \continued {illeg} Canibals &/ lived in dens & caves of the earth like bruit \wild/ beasts & came \not/ out thence \but/ by degrees to mix wth ye forreigners & live \with them in houses &/ in towns as they became civilised. |but by degrees, as they could be induced to leave of their {illeg} salvage customes & become civilized.|

[Editorial Note 62]

Vpon this victory of Asa the Egyptians fell into great troubles & The people of the lower Egypt & the|ir| monarchy empire of Egypt flew in pieces. For the people of the lower Egypt flew in revolted from the Ethiopians & called in to their asistance 200000 Iews, & \thereupon/ the Argonauts were sent by the Greeks to the nations upon the Euxin & {illeg} Mediterranean seas to sollicit them to revolt, & Prometheus with his people after 30 years stay at Mount Caucasus was released & the Philistims whom Sesostris had carried into captivity & placed in Caphtor or Cappadocia, were set at liberty to return home, & did so according to ye Prophet. Have – – – – Amos. 9.7. And thus ended the \first dynasty of the/ Empire of the Egyptians seated at Thebes.

This Empire – – – four ages of their Gods. For The first of those four kings they \was properly/ painted wth a syth in memory of his conquering a fertile corn the lower Egypt a very fertile corn country, & the second they painted with rams horns in memory of his conquering Libya a country abounding with sheep. Certainly Am̄on was the Iupiter of the Egyptians & therefore his father was their Saturn, & the ages in wch they reigned were the golden & silver ages, & the next age was the age of the sons of Iupiter represented by the brazen age. And the fourth age was a miserable \vexatious/ iron age to the Egyptians by reason of their civil wars.

The Egyptians in those days writing by hieroglyphics represen affected {sic} to represent all things by symbols & {illeg} & made |represented all put symbols for their Gods making by symbols, making putting| a man with a syth the symbol of \for/ Saturn in memory of his conquering the lower Egypt a fertile corn country, a man with rams horns ye symbol of \for/ Iupiter Ammon in memory of his conquering Libya a country abounding with sheep, a man with riding on an eagle with a thunderbolt in his hand the symbol of|or| Iupiter Belus a great warrior king soaring warrior a king soaring high in dominion by great warrs & making great wars, & a man with a dogs head the symbol of|or| \a/ Mercury a sagacious man, a flood the symbol of|or| an invasion, Deucalions flood for the invasion of Greece by ther {sic} armies of Sesostris \in the reign of Deucalion/, a horn of the sea for a river, \Amaltheas/ horn filled with flowers for \a/ river wth fertile meadows on both sides given to Amalthea \by Ammon/ for her maintenance. A man \or Beast/ wth two or more heads faces or heads for a king wth as many kingdoms. A man or woman wth the tail of a fish for a mariner. A woman with many breasts for ye Earth. \A man wth Goats feet for a Dancer. A Dragon for an army/ And such symbols being rightly understood may give \some/ light into the history of the fabulous ages \{illeg} Golden things/ (as the golden age golden apples, golden fleece) for things \things/ excellent things & valuable. A man \fighting/ with a three-{pointed} spear for an Admiral commanding a fleet composed of three squadrons. A woman with the taile of [A woman with the tail of a fish for the Cyprian Venus] A me A Mermaid \Siren/ or A{illeg} for a Venus.

<163v>

– – – abounding with sheep. The Eg writing of the ancient Egyptians in those ages was by hieroglyphicks & this made them affect put hieroglyphic figures for their Gods. [And the \first oldest/ histories of those times being written in such figure characters, [are scarce better to be understood then by knowing the signification of those characters.] \& therefore/ we are to look upon those characters not as fabulous, but as \significant/ words by wch real things were signified & of a|n| real signification ancient language \in wch the histories were originally written/ signifying things by their real pro & princ properties:] [the understanding \interpretation/ of wch is a sort of criticism \wch may be/ usefull for understanding the histories originally written in these characters the language.

In the time of this Empire of Egypt the Oracles of the Heathens had their rise. The oldest Oracle I \mentioned/ was in the royal city Thebes dedicated to Iupiter the next interp \the/ next in Libya & the third at Dodona \in Greece/ all three dedicated to Iupiter. Herodotus was told by the Priests of the Theban Iupiter that two weomen Priestesses were carried from thence one into Libya & the other into Greece & erected the first Oracles in those nations \countries/. These were the Oracles of Iupiter Ammon & of Iupiter Dodonæus. He was told also by the chief Priestesses of the Temple of Dodona (Promenea, Timarta, Nicanora & the rest) that two black {illeg} Doves flew from the Egyptian Thebes one into Libya the other to Dodona & sitting upon a beach tree spake wth a humane voice that they should erect oracles of \Iupiter/ there & |one to them which sitting upon a beach tree spake with a humane voice that an Oracle should be erected there to Iupiter; & the other to the Libyans which commanded them to erect an Oracle to Iupiter Ammon. Doves in the ancient| & thereupon the Oracle of Iupiter Ammon was erected in Libya & the Oracle of Iupiter Dodonæus fables \of the Greeks/ are put for {illeg} Priestesses as Bochart has shewed. And, saith Herodotus, the Oracle at Dodona is the oldest in Greece & {illeg} is very like that at the Egyptian Thebes, a|A|nd the way of divining in Temples is brought \came/ from Egypt. And \Herodotus tells us also that/ by the dictates of the Oracle of Dodona, the Pelasgians were first induced to receive the names of the Gods from forreign & the B wch came from the Barbarous nations |from forreign the Barbarians of Egypt| \Egypt abroad Ægypt/] & propagated these \names/ into the rest of Greece: For at first they \Greeks/ had no \particular/ names of the Gods but called them only Θεούς. \For he is the Iupiter to whom they were / Oracles therefore began to be erected in the reign of Iupiter Ammon. or soon after his death. ffor Diodorus tells |upon the death & consecration of Ammon. For For they were \at first/ erected to him, as a God, & he is h the Iupiter to whom they were at first erected & Diodorus tells us| us {sic} {illeg} that the Temple of Iupiter Ammon, where Alexander the great consulted the Oracle was reputed \of that God, was said/ to be built by Danaus. \and/ After |ye| example of these Oracles several others were soon erected \to several Gods/ in Greece Egypt & Greece & by their dictates the worship of the Gods of Egypt & Phenicia overspread | was brought into \Greece/ the Greeks worshipping their own men under the names of those Gods. For upon consecrating the dead it was usual to call them \by/ new names. The first Priestess of Iuno {illeg} was P The Oracle of Apollo at Delphos was erected {illeg} in reign of Acrisius \Amphyctionic Council & who erected an Amphyctionic Council & appointed {illeg} {illeg}/. And the first Priestess {illeg} \& Prophet {illeg} of this Temple of Apollo the Delphic Apollo/ was Phemonoe or Phanothia the wife of Icarius {illeg}. She gave Oracles |annually every spring & autumn in this Temple| in hexameter verse & is reputed the {illeg} She invented Hexameter verses & gave Oracles in that {manner} those verses them. Clemens saith that she gave \She began to give She first of any/ oracles to Acrisius 27 years before the days of Orpheus Musæus & Linus. \(Clemens        ) &/ Her husband Icarius & this Oracle \She/ prædicted that ye God Bacchus should come in the days of Icarius (Pausan l. 1 c 2) & when he came Icarius received from him a present of wine & was translated into the heavens (Hygin. Poet. Astronom. in Arctophylacte) & by her By all wch I gather that this Oracle was erected neare the end of Solomons reign or beginning of Rehoboams. When [Acrisius \at that time/ appointing this Amphictyonic Council, {illeg} building the {illeg} |Delphic| Temple for their use & {illeg} & setting up an Oracle in it to back their decrees with divine authority & as At that time Acrisius appointed an Amphictyonic Council of about 12 cities to \neighbouring cities to/ meet every Spring & Autumn at Delphos, & built a temple there for their use, & committed to them the care of the Temple, & erected in it an Oracle to confer back their decrees. & promote their author

[Editorial Note 63]

Thucydides who wrote \long/ before the Chronology of the Greeks was invented, tells us that the Lacedemonians had a long time used {good laws & been} free from tyranny & that there were about 300 years & something /a few\ more from the time that ye Lacedemonians had used the same administration of their common wealth {to} ye end of the Peloponesian war. If from the end of the Peloponnesian war you count backwards 300 years the recconing will end at ye 19th Olympiad & therefore the laws of Lycurgus were made a little before \about the time of/ that Olympiad \or a little before/ according to the recconing of Thucydides.

< insertion from the right margin of f 163v >

Communis ana Herculis et Musarum. Plutarch. Quæst Rom. p 278

Argivi ex agris in planiciem ab Inacho primum deducti. Quæst Græc p 303

Historia Pelopis Laij Chrysippi & Hippodaniæ vide Plutarch p 313.

< text from f 163v resumes > <164r>

– Ecbatane.

About ten \or twelve/ thousand furlongs from \above/ the Nil mouths of the Nile southward \in the northern latitude of about 14 degrees \or 15/ degrees/ stood the city Meroe in a great Island \or Peninsula/ of ye same name This compassed by two arms of the Nile called \Astaboras & Astapus \or Astusapes/ flowing down from certain Lakes &/ meeting 700 furlongs below the city. Thence the Nile flowed northward two 2000 furlongs more & then bending almost backward ran south west 3700 furlongs till it came almost over against Meroe. Then it ran to {sic} again to ye north wth some inclination eastward 5300 stadia to ye great Cataract & from thence \northward/ 700 stadia to the less Cataract & from thence it ran northward in a right line through the middle of Egypt to the 5000 stadia to ye red s Mediterraneā.

On the Arabic or western \a[176] eastern/ side of the Nile above a from the less Cataract \up/ to Meroe & beyond it were the \Arabic/ Ethiopians called Megabars & Blemmyes & in scripture Chus. \b[177] Iuba makes them not Ethiopians but Arabians./ And over against them on the other side the Nile were the Nubians \or Assyrians/ called Ludd. The Nubians were not subject to ye Ethiopians but but \were anciently divided into/ lived in many little politics kingdoms under kings of their own & frequently made warr upon ye Ethiopians \on the other side the river./ The Megabar Ethiopians \were next Egypt, lived in tents &/ used lances & bucklers & lances & clubs knotted with iron & \thereby differed from/ the other Ethiopians \who/ used \great/ Bows & Lances. \/ Iuba makes these inhabitants of the Nile to be not from Syria to Meroe to be not Ethiopians but Arabians. |These Ethiopians were sometimes subject to Egypt & sometimes reigned over it & from them was Egypt sometimes called Ethiopia {sic} accordingly the whole was sometimes called Egypt & sometimes Ethiopia.| Next above the less cataract was Phylæ a city common to ye Arabians & Ethiopians & Egyptians & next below this Cataract were Elephantine & Syene \now called {Asna) a} \& Elephantine the most southern/ cities of Egypt seated/ in ye southern border of Egypt a cities of Egypt in the mid way between Meroe & the Mediterranean. For Mer Meroe was 10000 furlongs from the Mediterranean. |under the Tropic of about 5000 furlongs from ye midd in the midd way between Meroe & the Mediterranean. This city Syene \Elephantine/ was in an Island of the Nile of the same bigness with it self & between it & the Cataract was the City Elephantine. three miles below the lesser Cataract. And Syene was a little lower & lay just under the Northern Tropic \of Cancer/ that is in ye latitude of 2312 degrees.|

Egypt called in scripture Misraim Masor & the land of Ham is a \long &/ broad valley between mountains & desarts running north & south on both sides the Nile from Syene to the Mediterranean & Syene half a much

Egypt (called in scripture Misor & Mizraim & the land of Ham) is a long & broad valley or meadow \on both sides the Nile/ between mountains & Desarts running north & south on both sides the Nile from Syene to the Mediterranean. It consists of two regions \called Mizraim that is the two lands of Misor: vizt/, the upper \lying/ on both sides the single streame of the Nile & the lower & the {sic} lower lying upon ye mouths of the Nile in form of a triangle \about/ 3600 furlongs in compass. The cap This lower was called Delta by the Greeks & Rahab in scripture. The upper was again divided into two parts, the upper \southern/ called Thebais & in scripture the land of Pathros, & the lower \northern/ called Heptanomis. The Metropolis of Thebais was Thebes called in scripture Ammon No \(now Minio) the that is/ the city of Ammon or Iupiter & by the Greeks \called it/ \(or as the 70 name \interpret/)/ Diospolis & now \it is/ corruptly \called/ Minio. The Me|It stood on both banks \banks of/ the Nile \at the distance of about 480 stadia from \below/ the lesser cataract/ & is now corruptly called Minio. Neare it on the western side of the Nile was the city This anciently the metropolis of a kingdome wch at length came under the dominion of Thebes. The Metropolis of| tropolis of {sic} Heptanomis was {illeg} Noph Moph or Memphis a city on the west side of the Nile a mile or two above the place where the Nile begins to dive it self into several streams \just above the Delta & about 1000 stadia from ye mediterraneā/. Not far from Memphys were \to ye southwest are/ /were\ the fields where the Egyptians buried their dead & built Pyramids to their memory.

<164v>

Egypt is sometimes taken only for Heptanomis & Delta sometimes for Delta alone, or for the Kingdom therein next Iudea.

About a mile below Memphys \or less/ the Nile \or less/ begins to divide it self into several streams to water ye Delta. The main \direct/ stream wch runs \right on/ through the middle of the Delta & is called the Thermusiac River or Sebennic Ostium. The first stream wch parts from it is runs on ye eastern side of ye Delta & is called the Bubastic river & \or/ Pelusi{illeg}\an/ Ostium. The next stream wch separates from the main \direct/ channel runs on ye western side of ye Delta & is called the Canobic Ostium. These are the three biggest streams & between them run several others

In the way from Syria into Egypt at ye entrance of Egypt about three miles from ye sea \& at some distance from the Pelusiac Ostium of ye Nile eastward/ stood Pelusium called also Sin Abaris Sethron & Pithon & westward from it upon the eastern side of ye bank of the Bubastic river \same Pelusiac ostium/ stood Ramesses \Ramesses/. These were the two cities wch the Israelites built for Pharaoh & between them lay the land of Goshen where Israel was in bondage & on ye other side of this river was the field & city of Zoan or Tanis \& higher upon \the eastern bank of/ the same stream was {illeg} the city Bubastis called in scripture Phibesneth/. On the eastern border of Egypt about 1500 furlongs from above Pelusium stood the city On Aven or Heliopolis whose Priest Potiphera married his daughter Asenath to Ioseph. The way between these two cities was through a Desart over wch there was through a Desart over wch there was an open access from the east into Egypt untill Sesac fenced Egypt on that side with a ditch great ditch of water carried from Pelusium to Heliopolis.

Between Egypt & the Red sea were several sorts of Arabians called Trogloditæ & in scripture Sukkijm. And in Thebais between the Nile & the red sea not far from Thebes was Coptus or the Nome Coptites & the Coptus a common city of the Egyptians & Arabians & the Metropolis of the Nome Coptites. This people gave the name of Coptites to all the Egyptians & thence the Greeks formed ἀια Copti, Ægyptus. Probably the Coptites founded Thebes & thereby spread their name wth their dominion. But \Yet/ Egypt is often taken by writers for only \for/ Delta & Heptanomis & sometimes only for Delta.

Sr Iohn Ma

Manetho in his an Egyptian Priest \has/ gives|n| us {illeg}|the| names of many kings reigning in several parts of Egypt as at Elepantine \at Diospolis or Thebes,/ at This, at Memphys, \at Heracleapolis at Bubastis at Sais at Xois/ at Tanis & Eratosthenes has \also/ given us a list of the kings of Thebes. Whence its probable \it may be concluded/ that there have been several many kingdoms in Egypt at once. But to give a true \a certain/ account of these|ir| rise magnitude duration & fall is now {illeg} not to be had. |Yet| This {sic} is certain that before the reign of Solomon Sesac they were all <165r> {swallowed} up by the kingdome of Thebes. {illeg} In the days of Iacob & Moses there was a kingdom in the lower Egypt of a considerable bigness whose kings \were called R/ resided at Ramesses. ffor where the Iews resided \were in bondage/ there Pharaoh & his daughter came out to resided Gen 2.5, 7 8 & 7.15, 20 & 8.3 & & there Moses/ For in the City where Pharaoh & his daughter \& servants/ resided there the Iews were in bondage Gen \Exod/ 2.5, 7, 8 & there the Moses did his miracles Gen 7.15, 20 & 8.3 & 9.33. And when the first born were smitten wch was at Midnight Pharaoh rose up in the night & called for Moses & Aaron & sent \ordered/ them & the people of Israel to get them out of the land & the same night the people borrowed of the Egyptians Iewels & Egyptians lent the Israelites Iewels & rayment & urged them to be gone & the next morning Moses & Aaron led the Children of Israel from Ramesses \out of Egypt & they journed {sic} that day with their flocks & herds/ to Succoth a town in the wilderness \between Egypt & the red Sea/. Gen 11.8 & 12.29, 30, 31, {32, 33, 56} 37, 38 \41/. Num 33.3 Ramesses was therefore the royal seat of this Kingdom, & it comprehended also |under its dominion were| the cities {illeg} On, Pithon & Zoan wth their Nomes {illeg} or couuntries {sic}, belonging & so \that this kingdom/ lay on both sides the Bubastic river. \But/ By the story \writings/ of Moses it seems to have comprehended but a part of ye Delta & to have been as old as the days of Abraham. Its kings are// The kings of Ramesses are \not/ mentioned by Manetho except Timaus the last king whom ye Shepherds conquered. Nor did he \Manetho/ know any thing of the peregrination & servitude of Israel in Egypt \but takes the Shepherd Kingdom for the Israelites/, wch makes me suspect that \the kings in/ his Dynasties are generally \almost all of them/ later then the days of Moses. ffor he being a Priest of Heliopolis wch was under the dominion of Ramessis it may be presumed that he would be most diligent & particular in the story of his own country. And [The building of Pyramids by the 4th King of This & \the/ 10th \King/ of Memphys argues \that/ those kings to have lived long after the times of Moses. And so did Sesochris the 16th King of This if he be Sesach. From these Dynasties therefore I shall not venture to inferr any thing more for Nor is it likely that that {sic} the Pyramids should be built after one another at so great distances of time as are represented in those Dynasties]

The first & second Dynasty of Manetho kings[178] contains 18 \17/ kings of This, the first of wch is Menes \accounted/ the oldest king in all his Dynasties, & the 16th is Sesochris who reigned 48 years & was \high/ 5 cubits high & 3 broad. It should be 5 cubits & 3 palms. high |& 3 palms high ὃς ἐιχεν υχος ε, πλάτος γ lege ὑχος πηχων ε πλαιστων γ who was 5 cubits 3 palms high|

The 3d 4th & 6t \Dynasties/ contein 25|4| kings of Memphys the 18|7|th of wch is Sesochris who reigned 48 years & was 5 cubits & 3 Palms high, & is therefore the same Sesochris with the former that is Sesach or Sesostris the conqueror ffor Sesochr|str|is was |very| tall. Diodorus says that yt his statue \he was of the same height with his Statue wch was/ was {sic} 4 cubits & 4 Palms high. Eusebius that he was 4 cubits & 4 Palms high. Eusebius that he was 3 palms & 2 digits high.

The 11 & 12 Dynasty|ies| conteins 23|4| kings \of Diospolis or Thebes/ the 20th of wch is Sesostris who reigned 48 years & su|in| nine years subdued Asia & part of Europe{illeg}, & set up his statue where\ever/ he went. By the length of his reign he is the same Sesach \king/ with Sesochris in the former Dynasties. His Predecessor was Ammenemes.

The 18th & 19th Dynasties contain another series of 22 kings of Thebes the 17th of wch is Sethos [the Successor of Amenophes & predecessor of Rapsaces \or Ramses/ & Amenephthes or \Ramses &/ Memnon & therefore the same king with Sesac. His reigne in these Dynasties is put 51 years, & in some copies 55.] Iosephus[179] reciting out of {illeg} Manetho the Kings of thi|e|s|e| series two Dynasties \& their actions/ saith that Sethos <165v> < insertion from the left margin of f 165v > {(or} as he calls him Sethosis) was the brother of Armais or Danaus & having forces by land & Sea invaded Cyprus & Phœnicia & the cities of the East. & \He was/ therefore the was the same king with Sesostris or Sesac.

< text from f 165v resumes >

\According to the same Dynasties of Manetho/ The {sic} 15 kings of This before /who preceded\ Sesach reigned 487 years. The 16 \17/ of Memphys before \who preceded/ him reigned 498 /470\ \498/ years. The 18|7| of Diospolis before \who preceded him/ in the first Canon of those kings reigned & the 143 years      & the 16 in ye seco before \who preceded him/ in ye second Canon reigned 287 years. So that in all these Dynasties of Manetho there is not one king who reigned above 498 \487/ /498\ years before Sesac, & therefore they are all later then the servitude of Israel in Egypt. And yet by adding all the years of these & other Dynasties together the Egyptians made their kingdome much older then the flood Adam. Which shews that ye Egyptian chronology was fabulous \Priests knew not when their own kings reigned/.

Eratosthenes has given us another Dynasty of 38 kings of Thebes the first 19 of of wch was Menes & first 19 \of wch/ reigned 574 years & ye 20th 21th & 22th \called Apappus E{illeg}cheseos & Nitocris {were}/ seem to be the same with the 3 last \kings/ of Memphys /Phiops {illeg} Methesuphis & Nitocris\ in ye sixt Dynasty who reigned after 20 others whose reign took up 586 years so that \Menes the first king in/ this {illeg} Menes the first king in Dynasty of Eratosthenes is no older then \the first King in/ those of Manetho. {illeg} ffor Apappus & Phiops reigned each one hundred years \& therefore are but two names of one king/, Echeseos & Methesuphis reigned each one year & Nitocris was a Queen of the same name in both canons. Now \before/ these 3 kings in ye sixt Dynasty reigned after 20 other kings of Memphys whose reign took up 586 \558/ /586\ years \was is refer according to ye 3 4 & 6 Dynasties of Manetho/, & therefore Menes the first king \of Thebes/ in the Dynasty of Eratosthenes was not {illeg} \reigned but 16 years old by 12 years as before/ /was not so old by 12 years as\ the first king of Memphys in ye Dynasties of Manetho. ffrom all wch it seems to me that in all these Dynasties of Machnetho & Eratosthenes there is nothing so ancient as the coming of Israel out of Egypt.

Africanus makes dates ye reign of the kings \Menes the 1st king of/ of {sic} Thebes from the 10th year of the reign of ye shepherds \mentioned set down in the 15 16 & 17/ & their reign began after the days of Moses as I shall shew hereafter.

[Editorial Note 64]

Dy \Dynast 1 & 2/ 17 Kings of This the last 16th of wch is Sesochris or Sesach a man 5 cubits & 3 p{illeg}s \palms/ tall \who reigned 48 years/. The 4th built Pyramids in Cochone. They all reigned till Sesach 487 Then Sesac reigned 48 and his successor 30. All together 565. At 21 years a piece the first 15 Kings reigned 321 years. Menes is ye 1st King.

\Dynast 3 & 4/ At Memphys reigned \18 Kings vizt/ 17 Kings \498 years/ before Sesochris This is the same Sesochris or Sesach being 5 cubits 3. palms high, Th & reigning 48 years. The Eleventh Suphis wrot built ye greatest Pyramid & wrote a sacred book.

\Dynast 11 & 12/ At Diospolis reigned 19 kings before Sesostris, that Sesostris who reigned 48 years & in 9 years time subdued all Asia wth part of Europe. His redecessor Amenemes was killed by his Eunuchs.

Dynast 18 & 19 Another series of 22 kings of Diospolis the 17th of wch is Sethos or Sesostris the successor of Amenophes & predecessor of Rhapsaces Sethos in this Dynasty reigned 51 years & his 16 predecessors 287 years.

Dynast 22 {illeg} Nine kings of Bubastis the first of wch is Sesonchis or Sesochis

Dynast {illeg}6 {illeg} Six Kings of Memphys after Sesochris the 3 last of wch are the same with the 20th, 21th, 22th of the Eratosthenes Dynasty of 38 Theban Kings.

Dynastia T 38 Regum Thebanorum ab Eratosthene condita. Rex primus est Menes, vigesimus secundus Nitocris quæ in Dynast 4 & 6 est sextus a Sesach.

By all wch I gather \1st/ that ye Egyptians knew not the names of above 15 or 20 Kings before Sesach wch at a moderate recconing of 20 years a piece will not make above 400 years &

<166r>

The surest arguments for determining \times past/ are those taken from Astronomy. And of this sort there is that wch we have that which follows. {illeg}

And in general all the southern parts of Africa are \continue/ divided into many \small/ kingdoms to this day. The East India was \continued/ divided into such kingdoms till \the reign of/ Alexander the great, invaded it {illeg} Germany \& the northern part of Europe/ till the Empire of the Romans & {all} America till the \invasion of ye/ Spaniards. invaded it So

But

For better understanding the ancient state of the nations & how the four Monarchies arose, out of small kingdoms we are the Chronology of those times is to be rectified. That of the Oriental nations is stated by the chronology of the scripture the Annales of the Phenicians & the Æra of Nabonassar, but that of the Greeks & Latines wants is very uncertain. ffor the Europeans – – – conjecture. Plutarch

And since the Octaeteris was in use in the days of Cadmus & Minos as above, the we may reccon that this cy\c/le also came in wth ye Phœnicians.

The {illeg} The Phœ The Phœnicians upon the sea coasts o \Stephanus tells us that the City Itanus in Crete was built by Itanus a Ph/

The Philistims were anciently called {illeg} \Crethim or/ Cretans & Gaza one of their five head cities was anciently called Minoa \whence came the names of Crete & Minos/ & Minoas the God of Gaza was the same God wth Iupiter Cretensis, wch {illeg} \& the city Itanus in Crete was built by Itanus a Phenician/ all wch argues that the Island Crete was peopled \principally/ from the sea coasts of Palestine.

The Iupiter \of Crete/ whose worship the Idæi Dactyli introduced \was a Phenician God For he/ was woshipped {sic} at Crete by at {sic} Gaza in Palestine by the name of Marnas that is \wch signifies/ the Lord of Men. {illeg} In his worship the Idæi Dactyli \Curetes/ danced about him in armour wth drums & noisy \& warlike/ musick & {illeg} to guard him \from/ his father Saturn who \fearing the loss of his kingdom/ would have devoured him but in his room wa stead was presented with a stone in cl in a cloth resembling him & when he found himself deceived was melancholy & sought in all places for Iupiter to kill him \who hid himself in a/ who lurked in caves & secret places wth an arm who was hid in a cave \but Iupiter lay hid in caves & secret places & at length inherited the kingdom/ The story ceremony sems formed by some of the Philistims in memory of Davids living among them when he fled from Saul. ffor Saul & David were the two first kings of Israel & in that respect might be compared to S considered as their Saturn & Iupiter; And when David was newly become the son in law of Saul & Saul sought Davids \& Saul sought Davids/ life fearing least he should deprive him of the kingdom, & sent for David in bed to slay him his wife Michal cloathed an Image with a cloth or shirt & laid it in the bed in |ye| Davids place place of David & let David escape & then Saul searched in all places for David & David |hid himself| in caves & secret places \& among the Philistims/ wth an armed multitude about him & at length escaped to the Philistines & at length inherited \succeeded in/ the kingdom expelling the house of Saul, & became the greatest king of that age as Iupiter was ye greatest God. The stone wch Saturn devoured was a Bætylus or Beth-el or Gods house or for so the Syrians called their Idols \ye stones wch they worshipped supposed inhabited by their Gods./ These Bætyls were at first rude stones like that Iacob's pillow, then they carved them formed them square or round & at lenth {sic} \(as art increased)/ carued them in the shape of men & worshipped them as the houses or habitions {sic} of their Gods Damascius ascending mou saw many round Bætyls \lying/ on the top of mount Libanus. & By the name {illeg} of the stones & \the/ place where they were worshipped \& the God of Gaza/ you may know that the story came from Phœnicia. {illeg} And probably it came from Byblus. ffor Apollodorus tells ye story as if Epaphus the son of Io was hid by the Curetes in Syria & educated by the wife of the king of Byblus.

The Corybantes in Idæi Dactyli in Cret the Co Corybantes in Phrygia were such another sort of men as the Idæi Dactyli in Crete & so were the Telchines in Rhodes & the Cabiri in Samothrace Lemnos & Imbrus, being all of them branches of the Curetes \or Priests/, a sort of men who danced were skilled in arts & sciences & danced in armour about the sacrifices as attendants on ye Gods. [The Telchines came last from Cyprus & were among the first artificers who wrought in brass & iron & were so skilful in arts as by the ignoran

The When the Idæ Dactyli came from Phrygia they seem to have left there the Corybantes a people perfectly] The Corybantes set up in Phrygia the worship of the Magna Mater a Syrian Goddess {illeg} & in her sacrifices danced in ar dancing in armour in her sacrifices \And she was a Syrian Goddess./ ffor Lucian makes this|er| Goddess the same wth the Dea \Syria/ in the temple at Edessa on Euphrates that Goddes like {illeg} Cybele being drawn wth Lyons & having a drum & a corona turrita on her head{illeg} & her worship being performed in like manner wth pipes & cymbals. \/ < insertion from the left margin of f 166r > The worship of this Phrygian Goddess was {illeg} in a Bætyl, her Priests feigning that /first set up in Phrygia in a Bætyl\ or rude stone wch as her Priests pretended fell \down/ from heaven on one of the mountains of Phrygia. The Marble places the fall in the reign of Erechthonius. Her worship was set \up/in Prygia {sic} in a Bætyl or rude stone wch as her Priests \the Corybantes/ pretended fell down from heaven on one of the mountains of Phrygia < text from f 166r resumes > < insertion from the right margin of f 166r > As the Idæi Dactyli set up the worship of Iupiter in Crete so the Corybantes set up the worship of his mother in Phrygia. < text from f 166r resumes > The Gods of Samothrace or Dij Cabi|y|bi were also Phenician. Bochartus proves that their names were Phenician & that they were the Gods of Berythus a city on ye sea coasts of Phenicia neare Sidon. The same Gods were worshipped also in the Illands {sic} Imbrus & Lemnos. The Telchines in Rhodes came last from Cyprus & wrought in brass & iron & were so skilful in Arts as by the unskilful Greeks to be accounted Conjurers.

<167r>

Phidon was the 10th fm Temenus, not the tenth king (for between Phidon & Cisus & Phidon they reigned not) but ye 10th by generation from father to son including Temenus or the ninth excluding him & these 9 generations taking up 240 year fm Temenus to Phidon {illeg} there were about 80 years to 3 generations wch is a moderate recconing for generations by the chief of a family. But if with Chronologers you reccon about 513 years from ye return of ye Heraclides to ye {Ethiopian le} reigning of Phidon about 61 years before ye death of {illeg} Cyrus there will be 57 years to a generation wch is much too long.

Some make Phidon as ancient as Iphitus & tell us that ye kingdom of Macedō was founded by his brother Caranus \before the Olympiads/. But old Herodotus {illeg} \who/ lived nearest those times & was \best/ able to inform himself is most to be trusted and he tells us that Perdiccas founded that kingdom & that from ye founding thereof to his own times reigned only these kings Perdiccas Argeus Philippus Aeropus Alcetas Amyntas Alexander, the last of wch was contemporary to Xerxes. And \Let/ their reigns \be/ recconed \at about 18 or 20 years a piece one with another/ recconed backward from ye death of Xerxes at 21 years a piece one wth another \& they will/ place the founding of yt kingdom about {illeg} \70/ years before ye death of Cyrus, & by consequence in the days of Phidon. Which recconing agrees wth the

Herodotus makes \\For// [180]Anaxandrides & Aristo \kings of Sparta were/ according to Herodotus were {sic} contemporary to Crœsus.

Perdiccas was of the posterity of Temenus & came \went \fled// f\r/om Argos into Macedonia {sic} \& flying thence \went/ /into Macedonia\/ & ye same is \seems/ true of Caranus because \he/ was the brother of Phidon king of Argos. Which makes \And this Whence/ its probable yt Phi Caranus & Perdiccas were companions in some common expedition & led Colonies from Argos into Macedonia the war whereby Phidon recovered the kingdom of Argos \& grew potent/ providing giving occasion to their flight.

Midas king of Phrygia \who/ was two generations or about 60 years older then Crœsus & rich abounded in wealth of gold & silver, & his wife coyned gold in

Herodotus tells us that ye the people of Lydia \{illeg}/ were the first who coyned gold & silver money for use {illeg} & that Crœsus {illeg} sent two golden staters a piece to the people of Delphos. There is extant a coyn of Atys whom I take to be the son of Crœsus

There Myles king of Phrygia & gold & silver abounded earlier then in Europe. \became luck {illeg}/ Mydas king of Phrygia & Crœsus who was two generations younger then Mydas were rich to a proverb & \{Acrendice}/ the wife of Mydas coyned cold for the Cumæans. Crœsus coyned the {illeg} \pieces \of Gold/ called {illeg} {κοσιονικε μυνηρξε}/ & there is extant a \silver/ coyn of Atys whom I take to be ye son of Crœsus. \Darius the Mede conquering Crœsus coined Darics of Gold./ Phidon brought coynage into Greece \coyned silver/ for the use of of {sic} the merchants of Ægina. There \he/ he coyned silver money. & Philip the father of Alexander \was the first Greek \{illeg}/ {illeg} coyned gold began the coynage of gold./ {illeg} coyned the Philippei {illeg} The Roman {illeg} were ye first coyned golden staters called Philips & was the first \of the P/ king of Macedon mentioned in history who coyned gold. Gelo king of Sicily \in ye reign of Darius Histaspis/ making war upon {illeg} the Libyans his wife Demarete coyned golden staters {cut} for her husbands use. In the reign of Xerxes, Demarete the wife of Gelo king of Sicily coyned for her husbands use the Starerus Domestic {illeg} of \melted down/ the golden ornaments of ye weomen {illeg} & thence coyned {illeg} Stateri Domestici for her husbands use /& buying & selling meale\ & drink for \money/

Herodotus was of opinion that ye coynage of gold & silver began in ye kingdom of Lydia where those metals abounded more then in Europe. < insertion from lower down f 167r > \Certainly/ Crœsus coyned staters of gold called {illeg} \uses/ & there is extant a coyn of Atys whom I take to be ye son of Crœsus {illeg} & Darius ye Mede who conquered Crœsus coyned Da staters of gold called Darics. Phidon brought coynage into Greece coyning silver in Ægina for ye use of Merchants. Philip the father of Alexander coyned staters of gold called Philip [Gelo king of {illeg} \{illeg}/ Sicily coyned g in ye reign of Xerxes & Philip ye father of Alexander coyned staters of gold.] The Romans being poorer coyned no copper money before the reign of Ancus Martius no silver money till about three – – after that. But Gelo king of Sicily coyned gold in the reign of Xerxes. < text from higher up f 167r resumes > Phidon brought coynage into Europe, coyning silver in Ægina for ye use of Merchants.

<167v>

Thucydides \agrees wth Herodotus. For he/ tells us there were 8 kings of Macedon before Archelaus ye son of Perdiccas the son of Alexander, & therefore there were but six before Alexander as above. He tells us also that the progenitors of Alexander were of the posterity of Temenus & came from Argos & obteined the sea coasts of Macedonia & reigned there expelling the inhabitants of Pieria by war: [This is to be understood of ye expedition under Perdiccas the first of ye eight kings of Macedon] in all wch he agrees wth Herodotus wch is to be understod of the expedition under Perdiccas the first of ye eight kings. Vnder him they \Temenides/ left their seats in Argos & sought being drive to Phidon |the {violent} \conqueror/| & sought new seats in Macedonia, expelling the Pierians who \in like manner/ fled from /from thence /their seats\\ to Pangæum.

And this was the original of the kingdom of Macedon.

\days/of Euphemus his grandchilds grandchild the Greeks

days of the children of the /fourth descent\ great grandchildren of Euphemus fourth descent from Euphemus

Pindar {illeg} \mentions/ Medea's prophesying to ye Argonauts in ye Island Thera that Battus in the 17th generation from Ephemus \who was/ the son of Neptune & one of the Argonauts should lead a colony from that Island into Libya & there build Cyrene, & that in ye fourth generation |ti time of ye 4th children descending from Euphemus| the Greeks should come \thither/ from Lacedæmon Argos & Mycenæ that is under ye conduct of Theras. By this [Here Medea reccons five \four/ generations from the Argonautic expedition to ye migration of Theras \including that of Euphemus/ & 12 more to ye migration of Battus, in \all 17 including that of Euphemus./ This Battus was succeeded by Arcesilaus & he by Battus II \the second/, in whose days many Greeks sailed to Cyrene, inva (flying perhaps from Phidon) & invaded ye Carthaginians & beat & beat the Egyptians in the last year of Vaphres king of Egypt, that is 41 years before the death of Cyrus. {illeg} That from Thus from Thus The time from ye migration of Theras to ye this victory is almost 259 years [Thus from ye days of Theras to ye days of Battus II there are \were/ about 259 years & \answering to/ 14 generations inclusively or 14 intervalls wch make 1812 years to an interval a generation. And thence its probable that these 14 generations were recconed by ye \reigns of/ the kings of Thera.] Now from ye return of the Heraclides to this battel were about 259 years & this time being taken up by the 14 generations make 1812 years to a generation] The four first generations agree wth those of the posterity of Hercules extending from the Argonautic Expedition to the return of the Heraclides & reign of Theras \first/ in Sparta \& then in Thera/ as above, ye the {sic} fourteen last extending thence to the battel aforesaid take up about 259 years that is one wth another about 1812 years a piece, & therefore seem to be numbred by putting {illeg} the reigns of the kings of Thera for generations.] So then Theras was in ye fift generation from Euphemus & Battus in the 17th from Euphemus from Euphemus inclusively & Battus in he 13th from Battus inclusively /Theras.\ \Chionis or Anchionis who was victor in ye 3rd Olympiad accompanied Battus into Afric &/ I Battus was succeeded by – – – death of Cyrus. If the reigns of Theras & his successors are here \Kings in Lacedæmonia Sparta & Thera/ were recconed for so many generations {illeg} \(as was usual {among the Greeks} \{illeg} the last// Battus the II was the 15th king from Theras inclusively & from the return of the Heraclides to ye aforsaid Battel that is in the space of 259 years, there were 14 reigns & a part of a reign wch {illeg} make about 18 years to a reign one reign wth another.

In|By| the preceding computations we have recconed the Argonautic expedition \was about/ 453 years earlier then the death of {illeg} Cyrus, & by consequence about 39 years later then ye death of Solomon. |Now| The {sic} Trojan war was about one generation later then that expedition. ffor the sons of the Argonauts were at that Trojan war. And therefore \Whence/ AEsculapius whose sons Podalirius & Macheon were at |yt| war, was contemporary to the Arognauts. Now from Æsculapius to – – – in part by ye eldest sons we may reccon about 80 or 90 years to three generations. And thus the 17 intervals by the fathers side & 18 by the mothers will at an middle recconing amount to about 490\7/ years wch counted backwards from \about/ the middle of the reign of Artaxerxes Long. when Hippocrates flourished will reach up to the 40th \39th/ year after the death of Solomon, & there \we I/ place the Argonautic expedition \as above/. But Chronologers reccon about 790 years from ye Argonautic expedition \to the middle of the reign of Artax. Long./, wch being after the rate of about 45 years to a generation one generation with another is much too long for the course of nature

<168r>

We have hitherto recconed by the genealogies & reigns of kings this being the foundation of ye Chronology for ye Greeks. And by shewing how erroneously the Greeks \have/ recconed from thence & how the {illeg} artificial their chronology] \{illeg} to rectify/ {sic} setting right the recconing we have brought Chronology nearer \to/ the truth \& obviated {illeg} taken from ye {illeg} of the Greek Chronologers/. To confirm And because arguments drawn from Astronomy are accounted the surest, we shall now confirm or recconing by an argument of that sort.

Astronomy began in Egypt, was carried into Chaldea by {Belus} & {illeg} came into Greece in the age preceding \preceding/ the Argonautic|s| expedition for {illeg} for {illeg} Alaus, Atreus |&| Orpheus & Palamedes are celebrated for their skill therein. Homer & Hesiod mention several Constellations & therefore the constellations were formed before their days & Sophocles \Achilles Tatius out of Sophocles/ tells us that they were formed by Palamedes the {illeg} |(that Palamedes who invented numbers & measures & {weights before} {illeg} {illeg} time) & improved the art of war & navigation & was so much honoured by the Greeks as to {illeg} in the {rome} of Agamemnon for some time. Vlysses to avoid| Vlysses to avoid {sic} going to the Trojan war feigned himself mad & Palamedes discovered {the fraud} & Vlysses in revenge & after they went to ye war Vlysses by a fraudulent accusation caused Palamedes to be slain by the Greeks {illeg} Then Nauplius in revenge of his sons death, when the Greeks had taken Troy & were returning home, made a fire \in ye night/ upon the \high/ rock Caphareus in Eubæa in the night {illeg} \where he was king/ & the Greeks sailing towards ye light as to a safe port split many of their ships against the rocks. ffrom all wch I gather that Palamedes was a young man when he went to ye war of Troy & formed the constellations before the beginning he went thither the beginning of that wars. \And/ Hence {sic} all the first Constellations relate to ye Argonautic expedition & \times preceding the Troja/ the {sic} times preceding it \the Trojan war/. In the constellation of Perseus – – – \/ < insertion from lower down f 168r > ✝ preceding. There is \nothing/ in them relating to the times after that expedition & therefore the constellations were formed presently after – – – of yt honour < text from higher up f 168r resumes > – presently after that expedition or rather about 20 \or 25/ years \after/ when \Iason/ Hercules, Castor, Pollux, \Leda/ Orpheus, Leda \&/ Æsculapius, Leda Iason & the rest who were were \were newly dead & deified so that might they might be/ honoured wth in ye Constellations were dead. In all the first Constellations there is nothing relating to the Heros who warred at Thebes or Troy & therefore nothing of a later date then the Argonautic expedition & therefore they were formed before those Heros{illeg} began to be celebrated but \&/ the Heros who warred at Thebes & Troy \lived after that expedition/ were not yet \in so much honour credit as to be/ capable of that honour.

– were formed. \by Palamedes. & I speak – – before./ Thales revived Astronomy & by observing the motions of ye sun & moon became able to predict Eclipses. In his youth the Equinoxes follow the beginning of th were passing out of the 12th into ye 11th degrees of ye {illeg} ye signes \or Asterisms/ of Aries & Chelæ, & he|is| might observations might place them in ye 12t degrees. Meton & Euctemon observed the solstice Anno I. Per. 4282 at wch time the {illeg} cardinal points were passing out of the 9th into the 8th degrees of the signes. \And Calumella saith that Meton placed ym in the 8th degrees./ Afterwards Hipparchus finding the Equinoxes gone \further/ backward about 4 degrees more |nearer the beginning of the signes| concluded that the|y| Æquinoxes & Solstices had a motion backwards in respect of the fixt starrs, & then \at length/ Ptolomy found them in the beginning of the signes. Yet the opinion So then Palamedes formed the Asterisms of the Zodiack in such manner that the Equinoxes & Solstices might \then/ fell upon ye middle of the Asterisms of Aries, Cancer, Chelæ, & Capricorn. & But Palamedes contrived to have in the middle of the As signes that the first month of the Lunisolar year might begin wth the new moon in the first signe around

Achilles Tatius tells us that the Gree Egyptians were the first who measured the heaven & earth, & inscribed the knowledge thereof in columns for ye use of posterity. That the Chaldæans translated it to themselves, tran ascribing the invention to Belus And that ye wise men of ye Greeks|ce| ascribe it partly to their Gods, partly to their Heros & partly to the wise men who flourished after them. The first Astronomers \I meet wth/ in Greece were Endymion, \Aristæus, Linus, Musæus/ Chy|i|ron, Areus, Orpheus, Palamedes. All these flourished \a little/ before the Trojan war. Then came on ignorant \dark/ times till Thales revived Astronomy. [He wrote of the Tropics & Equinoxes & was the first who predicted Eclipses but] Homer & Hesiod mention several constellations & therefore the constellations were formed before their days & by consequence [bef they were formed in the age of the Astronomers who flourished] before the destruction of Troy, there being no astronomers celebrated between that war & the days of Thales. Sophocles tells us that Palamedes measured the son of Nauplius found out Arithmetic & measuring & the heavenly signes & the measures & revolutions of the stars & bendings of the Beare & sitting of the dog, & improved navigation & the art of war. This

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{illeg}

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first of the Eg|t|hiopians & then of ye Assyrians over Egypt wth the following interregnum of two years took up 60 years.

So then ye Monarchy of Egypt founded by Sesak \Sesostris/ & recovered by Amenoph Memnon continued till the \founding of the Assyrian Monarchy that is for above 200 years {in wch we}/ Æra of Nabonassar. I invasion of the Ethiopians {illeg} founding of the Assyrian Monarchy \in wch time were done all those great works of the Temples Obelisks & Pyramids & the Labyrinth & statue of Mœris/. Then this|e| /Monarchy\ brake into several kingdoms {illeg} & the nations wch fell off from it {illeg} invaded it. & f invaded it ffirst it became subject t the Ethiopians invaded in the it & thereupon the Priests who by the help of the certain years \first/ of 360 & \then of/ 365 days had observed the stars from ye days of Sesostris, fled hom to Babylonia & there continued their observation of ye stars by the \same/ Egyptian year of 365 days \perpetuated/ counted from the beginning \first year/ /beginning\ of ye reign of Nabonassar \in the/ æra of Nabonassar. & Then the Assyrians conquered |It continued under the Ethiopians about 50 years or between 50 & 60. Then the Assyrians invaded it conquered| it but soon lost it again: after wch it continued a continued a private kingdom under kings of its own untill the reign of the Persians \reigning at Sais/ for about 14612 years until Cambyses \king of Persia/ in the fift year of his reign invaded {illeg} invaded it. The first royal seat of this Monarchy was Thebes {illeg} a City built very sumptuously by Sesostris & called Ammon-No the City of Am̄on because his father Ammon reigned in it. The next \royal/ seat was Memphys a city built by Menes, or Memnon & more conveniently situated \& better fortified/ then Thebes, for wch reason the following Kings made it their seat as I gather by the great works wch they did there, vizt the \as by the building of ye/ very great & magnificent Temple of Vulcan wch was the \gradual/ work of several of these kings, & \by/ the Pyramids & Lake of Mœris & Labyringth. Then reigned the Ethiopians & Assyrians successively over Egypt about 75 years & afterwards Sais a City in ye Delta upon ye mouth of the eastern side of the most western mouth of ye Nile became the royal seat of ye Kings of Egypt for about 148|6| years more.

[Editorial Note 65]

You heard above that the rapture of out of ye Phenician records that Eur ye rapure {sic} of Europa happened a little b in ye beginning of Solomons reign or sometime in Davids, & since it was done by way of revenge \requital/ for ye rapture of Io, the time between these two raptures could be but short. You have heard also out of Diodorus out of that the family of Cadmus \Agenor ye the father of Cadmus & Europa/ /Cadmus\ came out of Egypt with the shepherds & being {illeg} Slunica & |Apollodorus \l. 2/ tells us that Cadmus (the father of Cadmus) came out of Egypt into Phœnicia & there planted the seat of his kingdom, & Eusebius & others derive the family of Cadmus from the Egyptian Thebes| & there are several arguments that confirm it. ffor Cadmus being sent in quest of his sister Europa & coming – – – – Busiris had fled out of Egypt, Proteus seems here to be not the proper name of a man but a title of honour signifying Primus or Princeps, a Prince, & he seemes to have been one of the Princes {illeg} \or Rulers/ or chief Ruler Governours of ye Shepherds who fled from ye King of Egypt here called Busiris. These things I mention – – – – Red sea by the wars of David Herodotus tells us that ye Gephyreans \a people of Athens/ came ori (as they themselves afirmed) came originally from Erethyia \as they themselves affirmed/ & that upon enquiry he found that they were some of those Phœnicians who came wth Cadmus into Boe\o/tia & being ex at lenght {sic} expelled thence by the Argives were came to Athens. By the name of their original city or territory country Erethria, they seem to have come originally of be some of those Phenicians who came from ye Red Sea.

Before letters began to be in use there were could be no \standing/ laws in writing & thence I gather that Phoroneus \therefore/ the co rapt coming of Cadmus into Erope {sic} was ancienter then ye Amphy|i|ctyonic Counsels & even then then {sic} the reign of Phoroneus who made laws & erected judicatures.

Cadmus was the first \[in Erope {sic}]/ who found out ye making of Copper vizt in Europe where \(Hygin. fab 274) {Thence}/ ye copper stone is still called Cadmia. Afterwards the Idæi Dactyli in the Island Crete found out ye making of Iron. Before this to Whence The Europeans \therefore/ had no weapons or other instruments of {illeg} Copper or Iron \or iron/ before the days of Cadmus, & {illeg} before {illeg} before none of iron before & before ye {illeg} from his days they began to use weapons \& armour/ of Copper. & afterwards Those of iron came into use afterwards \were of a later date./

Et prior æris erat quam ferri cognitus usus. Lucret. l. 5. v 1286.

006 002 054 017 025 04412 14812 223 07412

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If Cadmus fled from Sidon wth his wife Harmonia as the Sidonians relate[181] his eldest son Polydorus might be born before he fled.

The invasion of Egypt by Sabacon seems to have{illeg} been about ye about the beginn immediately in the first year of Nabonasser or the year before immediat in the beginning of ye Æra of Nabonassar in ye first year of Nabonassar or a year or two \immediately/ before. {illeg}

Pausanias tells us Belus Babylonicus a Belo homine Ægyptio Libyæ filio nomen habet

The Egyptians report \saith Diodorus/ that many Colonies out of Egypt were dispersed over all parts of ye world: that Belus (who \accordin/ was reputed the Son of Neptune & Libya) led a Colony into ye Province of Babylon & fixing his seat at ye river Euphrates consecrated Priests & according to ye custome of the Egyptians freed them from all publick taxes & impositions. These Priests ye Babylonians call Chaldeans who observe the motion of ye stars in imitation of ye Priests Naturalists & Astrologers of Egypt Diodor l. 1. c. 3, And again Diodorus tells us that They affirm that ye Chaldeans in \Also saith And again: The Chaldeans are colonies of ye Egyptians/ & {illeg} have their Astrologers have attained to that degree of reputation by the knowledge they have learnt of ye Egyptian Priests (ib. c. 6.) By their using ye Egyptian year of 365 days \used in ye Æra of Nabonasser/ & beginning the year on the same day with the Egyptians \as in Egypt/ I gather that that they came newly out of Egypt when that year \æra/ was instituted They say also \In & by their name/ |This learning was Hence this Colony came out of Egypt after Nicepsos & Petosiris had invented Astrology, & And {sic} since in ye Æra of Nabonassar they used| the Egyptian year of 365 days & beginning \began/ it on ye \very/ same day with the Egyptians {illeg} I gather that they instuted that æra upon their {illeg} coming out of Egypt while kept a recconing of time by the Egyptian year until in their journey from Egypt into Chaldea & then \by that recconing/ instituted the Æra of Nabonassar. Now considering that Nations do not use to quit their country wthout compulsion \& that Egypt was about this time invaded by Sabacon/ & |I| that ye Ethiop reccon that this colony \of Egyptians/ fled from ye Ethiopians & therefore place the invasion of Egypt by Sabacon upon the summer before ye first year of the Æra of Nabonassar \or the year before that is {illeg} in ye 270th \or 271/ year of ye Temple/ or 234 years after the death of Solomon. Hestieus speaking of the transmigration of Belus & saith of this Colony saith that ye Priests who escaped (vizt for from ye invasion of \their enemys invading/ Egypt) snatching the sacra of Iupiter ἐνυάλιας Enyalius came into Sennar a country \territory/ of Babylonia. Iupter Enyalius is Martial Belus. [Pliny (Nat. Hist. l. 6. c. 26) Durat adhuc \tells us/ that ye temple of Iupiter Belus {illeg} in Babylon continued till his days & that he was ye inventor of the science of the stars.]

Sabacon according to

The reign of the Ethiopians – – – – behalf of Hezekiah (2 King. 18.21, 24 & 19.9) Whence Tirhakah succeeded So between the 4 & 14th year of Hezekiah {illeg} If you take a middle recconing {illeg} by a middle recconing the reign of So ended \about/ ye 9th year of Hezekiah, that is /or\ ye 298th of ye Temple, the reign of Sabacon & So together will take up 28 years & the reign of Tirhakah will end] & therefore the reign of Sabucon & So together took up between 23 & 33 years |wch agrees wth the recconing above. ffor if Sabacon reigned 12 years & So {illeg} 14 their reign will end in ye 26 or 27th year of Nabonassar that is in ye 7th or eighth year of Hezekiah.|

Herodotus giving an acct how the Army of the Assyrians were slain who who were slain – – – – captive to Babylon 2 Chron. 33.11 & Isa. 19.24, 25,

After Egypt was freed from ye Dominion of the Assyrians Ethiopians (wch seems to have been by this victory over the of the Assyrians,) & after the Egyptians recovered their liberty als \also/ from the Assyrians there was an interregnum for two years & then reigned twelve kings for 15 years. \12 Princes of Egypt by consent shared the kingdom of Egypt amongst themselves & reigned 15 years./ Then Psam̄iticus the son of Nechus – – – – in servitude.

Cambyses conquered Egypt in the 5t year of his reign & 223 year of Nabonassar. Count backwards the reigns of the last kings of Egypt abovementioned & \the interregnum of two years wch preceded/ the reign of the 12 contemporary kings will begin in ye 60th year of Nabonassar wch was ye 11th or 12|4|th year of Manasses & therefore the reign

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① When Moses led \came wth/ I|t|he Israelites \came/ out of Egypt they Go{illeg}|d| led them not through the way of ye land of the Philistims although that was near, for God said Lest peradventure the people repent when they see war & they return into Egypt but God led the people about though {sic} the way of ye wilderness of the Red Sea. Exod. 13.17. Hence it may be concluded that when the shepherds went out of Egypt into ye land of Canaan they either made war upon the Philistims who lay next Egypt or else |And therefore the Shepherds upon leaving Egypt were to expect war with the Philistims unless {they} took care to prevent it by a treaty.| {illeg} made a lega covenanted with made a league with them to & invaded the rest of the inhabitants of Phœnicia & the latter is more probable. ffor these reasons. ffirst Shepherds would scarce covenant \with ye Egyptians/ to leave Egypt peaceably till they had taken what care of new what care before they knew whether to retire, {illeg} & the event makes it probable that the Philistims {admitted} received them. ffor In ye 20th year of {illeg} Samuel the Phil The Philistimes in those days reigned long over Israel so as {illeg} to give the name of Palestina to the whole land of Canaan. They ffrom ye days of Sampt|s|on to ye 20th year of Samuel they reigned 40 years over Israel. Then Samuel by one single victory shook of ye \their/ dominion of ye Philistims & took from them the cities wch they had taken from Israel from Ekron even unto Gath, & put an end to that war so that ye Philistims came no more into ye coasts of Israel \1 Sam. 7./. But a while after they became again Lords over Israel before Saul was {anno} chosen king (1 Sam. 9.16) & then put Garrisons in ye land & suffered not a smith to be in ye land of Israel least ye Israelites should make thems\elves/ Swords & Spears, but the Israelites went to ye artificers of ye Philistims to sharpen their axes & shares & coulters & axes & Mattocks so that ye Philistims & in ye 2d years of Saul when Ionathan smote a garrison of ye Philistims \& Saul/ the Philistims came against Saul with an army of 3|t|hirty thousand Chariots & six thousand horsmen & foot as the sand on ye sea shore in multitude 1 Sam. 13 so that ye people of Israel were in a strait & hid themselves \for fear/ 1 Sam 13. And there was there was {sic} thence-forward sore war against the Philistims all the days of Saul & where Saul saw any strong or valiant man he took him unto him 1 Sam 14.52 And David beat them in many battels before they could be fully subdued. Now The great difference between the the power of the Phi Now the very great numbers of the Philistims in \the beginning of/ their war wth Saul & {illeg} \&/ David & the great|nes| excess of their power in this war above what it was in the war of with Samuel seems no way so well to be accounted for as by supposing that {illeg} when the Philistims being beaten by Samuel found themselves too weak to stand against \invade make war wth/ the Israelites & Hebrews, & the Shepherds being beseiged {illeg} in Abaris found themselves also too weake to stand against /invade\ the Egyptians \the Philistims & Shepherds {illeg} agreed to assist one another & {illeg}/ the Philistims \thereupon/ received the shepherds \into their cities /into their territories\/ & joyntly with them made war upon \& subdued/ the Hebrews & seated them in Phœnicia untill Saul & David \with success/ & gave them seats in Palestine {illeg} until {illeg} Saul \revolted & he/ & David by many victories by a tedious & difficult \war/ bea subdued the Philistim \recovered/ the liberty of the Hebrew subdued their enemies recovered the liberty \& enlarged the dominion/ of the Hebrews. Manetho therefore \& Diodorus/ knowing no other original of ye people of Israel \For/ ② Manetho tells that the Shepherds \being beseiged in Abaris/ covenanted wth ye Egyptians that they by a when shut up \beseiged/ in Abaris covenanted wth th Thummosis wth an army of 480000 {illeg} soldiers \armed men/ beig|s|eiged {sic} ye shepherds in Abaris & untill he despaired of forcing them & then covenanted with them that they s if they should \if they would leave Eg/ leave Egypt & go \they should go safely/ whether they pleased quietly & without d safely & then \& thereupon/ they went out of Egypt \through the desert into Syria/ with all their possessions & family to the number of 240000 & built Ierusalem They were not driven out of Egypt but retired voluntarily |wth their heards & flocks & therefor had taken care of a place to retire into. They were numerous & must first enter the land of the Philistims who lay next Egypt|. {The} Philistims were the \the nation/ nearest nation to Egypt \to them/, & the & their great number of the Shepherds explains how the army of ye Philistims |& the {sic} army of the Philistims about that time thereupon became thus exceeding great even| {illeg} 30000 chariots 6000 horsmen & foot in number as ye sand of ye sea shore, \waged a tedious war/ & could not be subdued \any more/ till they had been beaten in many battells & subdued {illeg} & by this great power the Philistims reigned \again/ over Palestine till Saul revolted, Manetho therefore knowing &c \& while the Israelites came formerly out of Egypt/ & it was easy for <171v> Manetho & & Diodorus to take the revolting Israelites \who came from {illeg}/ for the Shepherds who or Phœnicians who came out of Egypt \who came {illeg} out of Egypt/ & so to ascribe the building of Ierusalem & ye Temple to these|m| Phœnicians \these Phenicians/. For some – – – Canaanaites Phenicians especially since the Israelites came also out of Egypt & were now made war upon the Philistims who reigned over {illeg} Palestine |a sucessful {sic} warr upon the Kingdom of Palestine (if I \may/ so call the Kingdom \lands/ of ye Philistims)| & are by some of ye ancients recconed among the Phenicians as by Herodotus a where he saith that in Palestine some of the Phenicians are circumcised. And tho we now give the name of Phenicia only to ye country on the north of Palestine wch was subject to ye kingdom of Tyre, yet anciently the land of Canaan \Palestine/ /the land of Canaan\ was also called Phenicia & the Canaanites Phœniciansb[182].

as if |ye| they be upon {illeg}tting wars wch the Israelites \Saul & David/ made upon the {illeg} Philistims had been those by wch the shepherds seated themselves in Palestine \{illeg}/ \invaded Palestine & seated themselves in Palestine/. ffor the Egyptian & Roman Historians knew that the Israelites came out of Egypt, but not knowing that they came out \they/ knew not when they ca that when they came out, nor that more nations then one came out of Egypt & invaded Palestine successively, & therefore \they/ took the \two nations of the/ Israelites & |ye| Shepherds to be the same one & ye same nation, & hearing some of them hearing that Moses led out the Israelites \out of Egypt/ they took him to be captain of ye Shepherds. & by consequence to have lived in {illeg} in as if he had lived immediately before ye building of Ierusalem & the Temple

[Editorial Note 66]

It is observable

Samuel by one single victory subdued the Philistims so that they restored unto Israel the cities wch they had taken from Israel even \they restored/ from Ekron even unto Gath & came no more into ye coast of Israel, that is he freed Israel from servitude & put an end to the war. But they desisted from carrying on that war any further But in the next war their \very great/ numbers were so great that Saul had war with them all his days & their many battels with Saul & David before they could be subdued argue \such/ a new access of strength as may best be accounted for by supposing that \after/ the Philistines finding themselves too weake for Israel after they were beaten by Samuel finding themselves too weak to {illeg} they & they shepherds were shut \were/ beseiged in Abaris, both party|ies| finding themselves severally too weak to oppose their enemies agreed to assist one another in invading Iudæa. And then the Shep ther then the Shepherds retired out of Egypt & thereupon the & by that means the Philistims brought subdued Israel again & or brought & their army was w & & had sore {illeg} became so potent that I there was ffor the Philistims became now so potent as to subdue Israel again and ther ffor they {now} subdued Israel again & \whereupon/ there was sore war against them all the days of Saul & when Saul saw any strong or valiant man he took him unto him 1 Sam. 14.52, & David beat them in many battels before he could put an end to the war.

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For the whole Assyrian monarchy seems to have risen out of such little kingdoms as these not long before ye captivity of the ten tribes. {illeg} For about {six} seven years after that captivity when Hoshea came up agt {illeg} Sennacherib came against Iud Ierusalem \warred in Syria/ his messager he sent this message |agt| to Ierusalem |Beho to ye king of Ierus \Iudah/: Behold thou hast heard what ye kings of Assyria have done to all lands by destroying them utterly: & shalt thou be delivered|. Have ye gods of ye nations delivered them whom my fathers have destroyed, as Gozan & Haran \[or Carrhæ/ & Rezeph & the children of Eden wch were in Thelassar? Where is ye king of Hamath & ye king of Arphad & ye king of ye city of Sepharvaim \[or Sipphera a city of Mesopotamia near Babylon]/ of Henah & Ivah? \2 King. 19./ This destruction of \all/ {ye ye} lands round about Assyria \by Assyria & particularly of the kingdoms here mentioned/ is recited here urged as fresh in the memory of ye Iews & therefore was not this monarchy was but newly grown up. To these kingdoms may be added the kingdom Halah & Hazor & ye Cities of ye Medes & Cuth or Susiana & To ev wch It |It| was ye manner of ye Kings of Assyria when any people was conquered t|f|o|r| captivate them {illeg} & transplant them out of one another conquered country into another \preventing the rebellion of people newly conquered/ to captivate & transplant those of several conquered countries into one anothers {illeg} lands & intermix them variously. so Israel was carried into Halah & Hazor \by {illeg}/ & ye Cities of ye Me & thence I gather \it appears/ that Halah & Hazor \& Gozan/ & ye Cities of ye Medes into wch ye ten tribes \Galilæa & Samaria/ were transplanted, |& Kir into wch Damascus was transplanted & Captor or Cappadocia into wch the Philistims were translated| & Babylon & \Arecca &/ Cuth or Susiana & Hamath & Ava & Sepharvaim were newly conquered \& Elymais part of all/ whose inhabitants were transplanted \led captive/ {illeg} into ye Samaria \2 King.      Ezra 4.     / were all of them newly conquered. To these countries add the Kingdoms of Damascus & Israel \& the Philistims/ & Chabneh |of| Charchemish or Circusium a city of Mesopotamia & |of| Calneh a city standing on wch was built by Nimrod where Bagdad now stands & whose region called Chalonitis was pretty large & by {illeg} So bordered on the south side of Assyria. For that these are to be added I gather from ye scriptures. For |For Amos thus {illeg}|threatens| ye ten tribes, Pass ye to Ca wth ye kingdoms with \with the fate of {ruined} kingdoms/ Pass ye to Calneh & see & from thence go to Hamath the great, then go down to Gath of the Philistims. Be they better then these kingdoms? Amos 6.2. And| Isaiah thus introduceth ye |K. of| Assyria speaking /boasting:\ Are not my Princes altogether Kings? Is not Calno \[or Calneh]/ as Charchemish? Is not Hamath as Arphad? Is not Samaria as Damascus? Shall I n As my hand hath found the Kingdoms of ye Idols, & whose graven images did excell them of Ierusalem & of Samaria: shall I not as I have done unto Samaria & her Idols {illeg} so do to Ierusalem & her Idols Isa. 10. & Amos saith a litle befo Rezeph, Hena, Dinaites, Apharsachites, Tarpelites, Apharsites, Dehavites & Ivah? 2 King. 19 And Isaiah thus introduceth ye King of Asyria {sic} speaking Are not – – – Idols. Isa. 10. And ye Prophet Amos

For ye prophet Amos when ye captivity of ye ten tribes was at hand thus threatens them wth what had befallen to other kingdoms. Pass ye saith he to Calneh & see & from thence go to Hamath the great, then go down to Gath of Philistims. Be they better then these kingdoms? Amos 6.2. And about 7 years after ye captivity – – – Isa. 10. All this desolation of all the \{illeg}/ kingdoms is spoken of as if newly done fresh in memory & \recited as fresh in memory to terrify the Iews & these desolations/ these kingdom \(to shew ye largeness of ye conquests{)}/ are called all kingdoms that lands, that is all round about Assyria. It was ye manner – newly conquered. In these conquests are invovled C{illeg} \first/ the kingdoms of A Syria whose royal seats were \Samaria, Damascus, Gath,/ Hamath the great or Antioch, \Ivah or Ava on ye east of Iudea &/ Arpad or Aradis ye seat of ye Aradij \whose kingdom lay/ between Antioch & Sidon {sic} Ivah or Avah \whose kingdom lay/ between {sic} Iudea & the river Euphrates: Secondly the Kingdoms of Mesopotamia whose {illeg} head royal seats were Cham Haran or Carrah |&| Carchemish or Circusium & Sepharvim or \a city upō Euphr. near B. by Berosus \&/ Abydenus {illeg} or Sipphara by Ptolomy called {illeg} called Sipparæ & by Ptolomy/ Sipphara) a city upon Euprates {sic} near Babylon: thirdly the kingdoms beyond Tigris on ye south east \side/ of Assyria whose seats {illeg} seats were Cuth or Susa{illeg} \the metropolis of Susiana/ & Calneh or Calno which stood where Bagdad now stands & \by its dominion/ gave ye name of Chalonitis to a \pretty/ large region lying between that & Assyria. And lastly \on the north & East of Assyria lay/ the regions of Kir /Cappadocia\ & Halah & Hazor & Hara & Gozan & ye <172v> Cities of ye Medes, & Kir or Kirne a large people region neare Elimais Isa 22.6.

In these conquests are involved {illeg} \{illeg} \on the west \& south/ of Assyria the// Kingdoms of Mesopotamia seated at Haran or Carrhæ, Carchemish or Circusium & Sepharvaim called Sipparæ by a city upon Euphrates neare Babylon called Sipparæ by Berosus Abydenus &         & Sipphara by Ptolomy; |& \also/| the Kingdoms of Syria seated at Samaria, Damascus, Gath, Hamath ye great or Ivah or Ava, Hamath ye great or Antioch \besides the nations captivated by Tiglathpilaser 2 Kings 15.29/, & Arpad or Aradis. the seat of the {illeg} seat & kingdom of ye Aradij between Antioch & Sidon \On the south was Also {sic}/ The {sic} kingdom of Chaldea \seated/ at Babylon. |On the south east were the Archenæi or ye people of Aressa by Moses called Erech on ye south /east\ side of Pasitioris below Apamia &| the kingdoms of Cuth or Susiana & the kingdom of Calneh or Calno a city Calneh or Calno whose territo a city wch stood where Bagdat now stands & gave ye had a large territory \extending thence towards Assyria/ to wch it gave the name of Chalonitis. On the East & northeast \& & northeast were Elymais &/ the cities of the Medes & Kir a large region neare Elimais call (Isa 22.) \wch Iosephus makes to be upper Media./ On the North east & north between Assyria & ye Caspian Sea \{illeg} were/ Halah & Hazor & Hara & Gozan \regions/ extending from Assyria to ye Caspian sea & on ye northwest Cappadocia. And no doubt there were others not mentioned in history: so that the King of Assyria \in the heat of so{illeg} many conquests/ might well threaten Ierus. wth these heat of these armies which had conquered \destroyed/ all lands.

Its observable also that each these several nations had their several Gods religions. ffor when \Rabshekah boasted how none – – – – peculiar God & when/ several nations were transplanted into Samaria, every nation made gods of their own & put them in ye houses of ye high places wch ye Samaritans had made every nation in their cities wherein they d{illeg}welt: the men of Babylon made Succoth Benoth & the men of Cuth made Nergal & ye men of Hamath made Ashima & the Avites made Nibhaz & Tartask & ye Sepharvites burnt their children to Adramelech & Anamelech. So many nations so many Gods wch is an argument that they had never [And so when Rabshe|a|ka|e|h boasted how \none/ ye Gods of ye Nations could not deliver them out of ye hand of ye King of Assyria \& asks where are the Gods of this & that nation/ he speaks as if every nation \wch he named/ had its own \peculiar/ God.] Which \variety/ is an argument that these nations had not till now |never till of late been united long united| under one common government./ The prophet Ionas is supposed to have lived in the reign of Ioas & Ieroboam kings {of} Israel that is about an hundred years before ye se captivity of ye ten tribes & then Nineveh (including its Gardens & suburbs for feeding of Cattel) wa Levit      Ionas 4.11) was \indeed/ a great City & by but yet not \then/ grown so potent as to above its neighbours as to be out of fear of being ruined by its neighbours some \by some of them/ within 40 by som days, as is plain by their repenting at ye preaching of Ionas \for fear of such a ruin/ & thence I gather \it follows/ that it was after the days of Ionas that this kingdom of Nineveh overtopt outgrew its \overtopt/ its neighbours & conquered all the nations round about. The king {illeg} till then \according to ye old custom when \wch began when every/ cities|y| were|as a| kingdoms/ was only called king of \is called only king of the City/ Nineveh (Ionas. 3.6) but after his conquering all Assyria & ye regions round about he is \constantly/ called King of Assyria. Homer who lived a little before Ionas |was a good Geographer & magnifies {illeg} little kingdoms| knew nothing of this Monarchy. There is not a word of it in scripture before the days of Ionas reign of Phul & Tiglathpileser.

< insertion from the left margin of f 172v >

were {illeg} Habor or Chaboras a mountainous region on ye north of Kir & the Apharsa{illeg}hites a people or men of Araphachitis a region placed by Ptolomy between Chaboras & Assyria & ye Mountain Chaboras & on ye north between Assyria & ye {illeg} Gordican \{illeg}/ mountain was {illeg} /{Haran} or\ Chala{illeg}\c/h the city built by Nimrod ye Metropolis of Calachena \built by Nimrod/. And beyond these upon the Caspian Sea was Gozan called Gauzania by Ptolomy. And lastly on the north west was Caphtor or Cappadocia.

< text from f 172v resumes > [Editorial Note 67] <173v>

his territories amongst all his sons (as Moses describes) untill there was no more room for division: & by them of two of Attica & the two families those of Attica the Ath the Kingdoms of Athens & Argis how all the little parts \scattered families & little societies into wch the earth was thus divided,/ when for want of more room they began to invade one anothers possessions, united again into polites greater & greater in their own defence. A further instance of which we have in the peopling of Italy A further instance of

A further instanceof this we have in the peopling of Italy. For Dionysius Halicarnassæus writes how the territory of ye City Rome \region where Rome was afterwards built/ was first peopled by barbarians called Siculi. Their original he knows not, but we may take them to be a part of the posterity of Cittim who according to Moses & Daniel \first/ peopled Italy. This region, saith he, was afterwards taken from them by a long war by the Aborigines, who till that war \then/ lived in the mountains in towns without walls spread all over ye region but at length being after they were Pelasgi & other {illeg} Greeks {illeg} \were/ intermixed with them & helped them in their war against their neighbours, the Siculi being expelled, they compassed many cities wth walls & became possest of all the territory be{illeg}tween the \two/ rivers Liris & Tiber. \He speaks of/ The {sic} Aborigines & Pelasgi & he speaks of here as |of| two peoples intermixt but a little after he takes them to be but two names of one & ye same people led \brought/ hither \out of Peloponnesus/ by Oenotrus the son of Lycaon as above, & thus describes how \in the beginning/ they peopled the western part of Italy. Œnotrus, saith he, having found a large region fit for pasturage & a large one fit for tillage, but |yet| for the most part uninhabited & where it was inhabited, peopled but very thinly; in a certain part of it purged from ye barbarians he built cities little & numerous in the mountains: wch manner of building was familiar to ye ancients. Then he tells how after they were grown numerous so as to want room they made \war/ upon ye Siculi \as above/ & forced them to leave Italy & seat themselves in the next Island wch was ever since from them called Sicily.

Now tho the Aborigenes had afterwards Kings for a long time before the founding of Rome, yet could not the Cities wch upon occasion of these wars they walled about, be perfectectly {sic} united under one polity till \after/ the reign of Numa. ffor when Romulus founded Rome[183] the dominion of Kingdom of ye Latines, tho but a small part of Italy, yet consisted of thirty Courts or Councils in so many towns each wth ye sacred fire kept in the Prytanæum for of ye Court for ye senators who met there to perform sacred rites after the manner <173r> of the Greeks Whence the Senators were called curiales. But when Numa ye successor of Romulus reigned, he leaving ye several fires in their own courts instituted one common to them all at Rome. – Afterwards Servius Tullius, the feild being divided, as above, into about 30 parts, on the mountanous place hills & such places as being fortified by ye nature of ye place {illeg} might easily protect ye husbandmen he prepared refuges wch ye greeks call δημους \villages/ fortified villages {illeg} Villages \corporations towns incorporated villages/ Hither every body fled when ye out of ye feild when any enemies came, & here they often staid all night. These had also their magistrates to whose care it belonged to know ye names of the husbandmen \who contributed/ wthin ye limits of that village, & their farms whereby they were maintained got their living & as often as it was necessary to call them countrymen to their arms or to lay a tax upon them, those magistrates called ym together & taxed them. But that And that the number of the country people might easily be known & recconed he commanded them to build & dedicate altars to ye Gods who were inspectors & keepers of the village, wch altars they should yearly honour wth sacrifices being all being all assembled together & instituted an most honourable feast wch they called the village-feast, & wrote laws concerning these sacra wch ye Romans still observe. – Then being very desirous to unite & conjoyn ye cities of the Latine nation into one body politick & polity body politick least being weakned by intestine discords & wars they should be deprived of their liberty by the neighbouring barbarians, he called together the chief men out of ye several cities declaring to them {illeg} for what great things great designe {illeg} \about/ their common advantage he had called them together convened them – And by this speech he perswaded them to build a temple wth an inviolable refuge at Rome at the|ir| common charge in wch ye people of all the cities being yearly assembled might perform publick & private sacrifices & by|u|y & sell at set times & if any quarrel or difference arose betwen them, it might be determined at these sacra the {illeg} dicision of the controversy being permitted to the {illeg} arbitriment of the rest of the cities. He built therefore at the common charge of the cities the temple of Dian in the hill Aventinus & wrote ye laws of the compact made between these people in a pillar of brass wch remains to this day being erected in the temmple of Diana & hav|s|ing the characters of the greek letters wch Greece used of old. Thus far Dionysius. By |this| unquestionable record you may see how difficult it was to <172v> {unite} the divided cities into one polity. You have also in the fortified villages a specimen of the first cities & kingdoms into wch men convened when they began to make war upon one another [many of wch villages convened afterwards under one c each of the thirty cities, as all those at length did under the city Rome]

<174r>

Out of Prideaux's connection of the o & new T.

K. David began the trade upon the red sea pag. 9|5|, 6).

In the 14th year of Ahaz dyed Tiglath-Pilesar king of Assyria after he had reigned nineteen years. pag. 14.

In the 9th year of Hezekiah dyed Sabacon or So after he had reigned 8 years over Egypt & was succeeded by his son Sevechus or Sethon. pag. 20.

Salmanasser king of Assyria died after he had reigned 14 years & was succeeded by his son Sennacherib or Sargon who reigned 8 years. pag. 20.

Esserhadon began his reign in the 18th year of Manasseh & in the 22th of Manasseh captivated Israel & planted Samaria wth new colonies p. 30.

The twelve contemporary kings of \Egypt/ began to reign in the 13th year of Manasseh & were conquered by Psammiticus in the 28th year of Manasseh ,|(|pag 33) & in the 31th year of Manasseh Esserhadon died. pag. 35.

In the 1st year of Evilmerodach at Babylon Crœsus succeeded his father Alyattes at Sardes & reigned 14 years. p. 107.

Ieshuah the high Priest of the Iews at Ierusalē died in the 53th year of his High Priesthood & Iojakin his son succeeded him in that Office pag. 232.

<175r>

When Sesostris undertook his expedition through \Syria &/ Asia he left Egypt to be governed by his brother Armais in his absence & {now there} but Armais revol \his brother/ at legnth revolted & upon the return of Sesostris {illeg} into Egypt attempted set |plotted to have destroyed him by visiting him in a feast & setting fire to the house. But Sesostris & his wife & {illeg} \{four}/ children escaped by stepping out of the fire over the bodies of two others of his children who were burnt. Whereupon {illeg} his bro| fire to ye house {sic} in Pelusium where he was with his wife & six children & burnt two of ye Children. Manetho tells us that this brother {illeg} was \was called/ Armais & the by ye Greeks called him Danaus & by Ægyptus & Danaus understood Sesonchis & Armais. Whence I colled|c|t that Armais ende destroyed all the male children of Sesostris which came into left in Egypt & upon the return of Sesostris failing of his designe of destroying him fled immediately out of Egypt \with his 50 daughters &/ towards Greece & therefore his flight fell upon the 14th year of Rehoboam. by the M And Sesach they called Ægyptus the Egyptian by way of ennoble eminence \called him Danaus and that {illeg} Sethosis was {illeg} called called also Ægyptus./ Danaus had {illeg} \about/ fifty daughters by his wives & concubines & having married them to ye sons of {illeg} his brothers sons he commanded his daughters to slay their husbands, wch they did \wch they did excepting Clytemnestra/ but failing of his designe to destroy his brother fled to Rhodes {illeg} with his daughters \& Linceus the husband of Clytemnestra/ to Rhodes & thence to Greece \in a long ship of 50 oars./ This flight being conjoyned with the return of Sesac into Egypt fell upon the nineth year of Sesachs expedition wch was the 14th year of Rehoboams reign. [Danaus [& Lynceus were of the city Chemnis in Thebais.] was the first that made a ship & sailed to carried a ship into Greece. Till that time they sailed |upon ye Mediterranean| |in great| Boats found \or Barges first invented/ in ye red sea among the islands by king Erythra.] He was the first of he built a ship wch he called had 50 oars having 50 oars they c

In Solomons days the Phœnicians & Israelites traded together upon the red sea & spent three years in \each/ voyage \wch shews yt/ navigation being \was/ then in its infancy. For The Phœnicians traded first upon the red sea & came \retired/ from thence to the sea coasts of Syria & one of them \Phœnicians/ who fled from ye red sea built Azot. Its probable that upon Sesac's {illeg} building long ships \too bigg for them to grap/ & conquering the inhabitants of the Red sea they \the Phenicians/ left their trade in that sea & betook themselves to the Mediterranean. Yet the Egyptians \{illeg} /in Sesacs time\/ outdid them there also in great shipping {illeg} as is maniest by the ship of Danaus, \the first ship wch came into Greece &/ in imitation of wch the Greeks built the ship Argo. \For this ship had 50 oars like yt of Danaus & was ye first ship built by the Greeks./ And as Sesostris |as he| was the first Egyptian who build|t| long ships so his carried he \much/ exceeded all others of \those time/ his age in shipping \both for number & greatness of ye vessels/ having a fleet of 400 sail in ye Me Red Sea & building one ship wch was 280 cubits long. After his example Minos got a fleet & had ye dominion of the seas neare Greece & \in his reigne/ Dedalus added found out \the use of/ masts & sailes {illeg} [whereby navigation was shipping was brought to great perfection] so that shipping in the age of Seach & Minos (who were contemporaries) shipping seems received its greatest improvement. ffor before Danaus brought sailed into \came to/ Greece wth \in/ one of Sesac's ships, they sailed upon the Mediterranean only in great boats or barges, invented in the red Sea among the Islands by king Erythra.

[Editorial Note 68]

And yet \Asia Minor was conquered \conquered/ & Greece/ Sardes was taken \brought into danger/ by the \power of ye/ Medes according to Theognis who lived in the time of that warr

Πίνωμεν χαριεντα μετ᾽ ἀλλήλοισι λέγοντες

Μηδὴν τὸν Μηδων δειδιότες πόλεμον. v. 761

Let us drink \(saith he)/ talking pleasant things wth one another

Not fearing the warr of the Medes. And again

Αὐτὸςδ δὲ στρατὸν ὑβριστὴν Μήδων ἀπέρυκε

Της δε πόλευς &c v. 773.

Let Apollo drive \thou away/ the injurious army of the Medes

ffrom this city & that the people &c that ye people may with joy send him choice hecatombs in

Send him|thee| choice Hecatombs in the Spring,

Delighted wth ye Harp & chearful feasting

And Cho{illeg}\ruses/ of Pæans & acclamations about his|thy| Altar.

ffor truly I am af\r/aid, beholding the folly & sedition of ye Greeks

And sedition of ye Greeks wch corrupts ye people. But thou Apollo

Being propitious keep this our city.

The Medes therefore reigned till the th after the invasion of Asia minor & taking of Sardes by Cyrus And by \according to Xenophon &/ the scriptures tis certain that they reigned till \after/ the taking of \Sardes &/ Babylon as Xenophon also writes. ffor Xenophon tells us that after ye taking of ye City \Babylon/ Cyrus went to \the King of the Medes at/ Ecbatane & there married the |Kings| daughter of the King of ye Medes & then succeeded him \in the Kingdom/. And {illeg} the Scriptures tell us that Babylon was destroyed

But Theognis who was contemporary to Cyrus \& Crœsus/ \lived in the time of those wars/ lets us know that the Medes then reigned & by conquering Asia Minor brought Greece into danger

ffor Darius was contemporary to ye grandchildren of Astyages being of ye same age with Cyrus his grandchild ffor Cyrus b was 70 years old when he died & therefore 61 or 62 years old at ye taking of Babylon & Darius was at ye same time 62 years old.a

<175v> [Editorial Note 69]

The Marble makes Amphy|i|cti|y|on the son of Deucalion contempory {sic} to Cadmus & by consequence to Solomon & perhaps to \Pausanias saith that he treated Bacchus whence it follows that he was contemporary to Rehoboam/ but the Greeks {sic} \chronologers/ make him \almost/ 5{illeg}|0|0 years older \then Solomon/. And Cecrops who planted \brought/ a colony of Egyptians to into Attica they make 550 years older then Solomon \& Darius they make ten years older/ tho the Shepherds reigned in Egypt till the days of Samuel or David & had no commerce with foreign nations but sacrificed strangers & the Phœnicians & Israelites in Solomons days traded in ye Red sea but while the Mediterranean was infested wth Pyrates & invented shiping convenient for trading the shipping was not yet found out convenient for \long voyages in/ the Mediterranean, & Danaus was reigned in Argos after Sthenelus & he \some time/ after Phoroneus the son of Inachus So also Danaus \another Ægyptian/ they make 450 years older then Solomon tho he reigned in Argos after sometime after Phoroneus, & could not be older then Rehoboam. It seems The Egyptians ha We read of no commerce between the Egyptians & their next neighbours the Iews Israelites between the days of Moses & ye reign of David Solomon. After Then began navigation \in large boates/ to be improved first in the Red sea by {illeg} & then in the Mediterranean {illeg} untill Danaus wth \untill Danaus made a ship. In this ship he & his daugh {sic}/ his daughters \& son in law Linceus/ came fom Egypt into a ship \of fifty oars wch was/ bigger then ye Greeks ever saw before \to {sic} Argos/ & the Greeks built \imitated it in/ the Ship Argo wch was bigger then any they had built before & Minos got a fleet & freed the sea from Pyrates & Dedalus found invented sails. Manetho tells us that Danaus was the brother of Sesostris wch agrees very well whence his coming Sethosis or Sesach was ye brother of Danaus & drew him out of Egypt. Manetho tells us |for these two ships had each of them 50 oars & were the first of that bigness. Then Dedalus invented sails & while navigation was thus improving, Minos got a fleet & freed the Sea from Pyrates.| The Mythologists make Danaus contemporary to Cadmus Danaus & Ægytus {sic} to be ye sons of Belus & Belus & \& Cadmus to be the son of to be ye brother of/ Agenor the father of Cadmus to be brothers but Manetho tells us that Ægyptus Sethosis was called Ægyptus & Armais was his brother Danaus makes Danaus a generation or two younger. ffor he tells us that when Sethosis | Sesonchis undertook his expedition {illeg} against Phœnic & ye other nations \through Phœnicia & Asia/ he left his brother Armais governor of Egypt, but Armais \at length/ rebelled & Sethosis upon notice thereof made hast back into Egypt & that Sethosis is cal was called Ægyptus & Armais Danaus his brother Armais was Danaus. And So Herodotus tells us, that Sesostris with his wife & six children d \upon his returning into Ægypt/ had like to have been burnt of in Pelusium with his wife & six children by the treachery of his brother to whom in his absence he had committed the government of Egypt, & that two of his six children were burnt Whence its probable that Sesach Armais \to gain the kingdom/ slew as many of ye children of Sesach as he could lay his hands on in Egypt & th upon ye return & escape of Sesac fled with his family daughters to Greece, & by consequence the coming of Danaus into Greece {illeg} was in ye 14th year of Rehoboam when Sesac returned into Egypt. And in imitation of his ship the Greeks \soon/ built the ship Argo was built soon after in imitation of the ship of Danaus.

<176r>

a 0 b 0 0000 574. 292 a b = 2b2 2 b a = 10 56 b 28a = 280 29 a 57b = 2

Per \Ex/ Observationibus fflamstedij Mensibus Ianuarij & F \Cometæ hujus quas \a/ Flamsted\ius/ {mecum} \habuit \factis/ mense D. Ian & Feb//

A mensis Ian dum Cometa \hicce/ transijt ab 5gr 6′ {illeg} per signa piscum {sic} & Arietis ad usqꝫ 16.58′: \factas/ Halleius anno 168{0} Orbitam determinavit quamproxime in Parabola: deinde post annos aliquot obserationes {sic} quadam Cometæ hujus a Dno Kirk in Germania habitæ {illeg} ad manus nostras pervenerunt, quarum prima et per earum primam Novem 3.17h. 2′ tempore apparente Londini Cometa erat in 29gr. 51′ cum Lat bor. 1gr. 17′. 45″. Et eodem tempore per computū in orbita parabolica prædita cometa erat in 29gr. 30′. 22″ cum Lat. bor 1gr. 25′ 7″. Error, Orbis hujus ad distantiam sex signorum fuit tantum 20. 38″ in lo\n/gitudine {illeg} \&/ 7′ 33 22″ in {illeg} latitudine. Et hic error substituendo o\r/bem Orbem Ellipticum prope evanuit

Flamstedius hunc Cometam \priorem/ Mensibus Decemb. Ian. & Feb observavit, et ex hujus observationibus, \interea/ dum Cometa transijt ab 5gr. 6′ per signa piscium & Arietis ad usqꝫ 16gr 58′, factis, Halleius Orbitam \motum/ ejus determinavit in Parabola \trajectoriam appropinquante/. Deinde post annos aliquot, obervationes quædam cometæ hujus initio mensis Novembris præd|c|edentis a Dno Kirk in Germania habitæ \factæ/ ad manus nostras pervenerunt. Eo tempore Cometa erat in fine Leonis et principio Geminorum Virginis. Et per harum observationum primam \Cometa/ Novem. 3d. 17h. 2′ tempore apparente Londin. st. v Cometa erat in 29gr 51′ cum lat. bor. 1gr 17′. 45″. Et eodem tempore \Cometa/ per computum in orbito \trajecttoria/ prædicta Parabolica, cometa erat in 29gr. 30′. 22″ cum lat bor 1gr. 25′. 7″. Error in Orbis hujus |motus in trajectoria hacce| ad distantiam signorum plus quinqꝫ a locis ubi Flamstedius eum \Cometam/ viderat, fuit tantum 20′. 38″ in longitudine & 7′. 22″ in latitudine. Et hi errores substituendo Orbem Ellipticum \pro Parabola/ prope evenuerunt. Cometa utiqꝫ in hoc orbe per signa novem absqꝫ errore trium minutorum \primorum/ cursum tenuit. Viderint igitur Astronomi si motus Cometarum in alijs quibusvis {illeg} Trajectorijs tam accurate exhiberi possint.

<177v>

Vnder which of the kings happened

[Editorial Note 70]

– Polydorus, Eurycrates, Anaxander, Erycratides, Leon, Anaxandrides, \Cleomenes,/ Leonidas

– Theopompus, Anaxandrides, Archidemus, Anaxileus Leutichides, Hippocratides, Ariston, Demaratus, Leutychides II.

Some place Cleomenes the elder brother of Leonidas before him but Herodotus tells us that Cleomenes died before his father Anaxandrides

Hercules, Hillus, Cleodæus, Aristomachus, Aristodemus, Eurysthenes & Procles.

22 × 20. 440

– a piece to the nine. – above 40 years a piece

In the race of the Spartan kings descended from Eurysthenes, after Polydorus reigned these kings, Eurycrates, Anaxander, Erycratides, Leon, Anaxandrides, Cleomenes, Leonidas, &c & in the other race after Theopompus reigned \these/ Anaxandrides, Archidemus, Anaxileus, Leutichides, Hippocratides Ariston, Demaratus, Leutichidas II \according to Herodotus/ These kings reigned till the sixt year of Xerxes in wch Leonidas was slain by the Persians at Thermopylæ. & Leutichides soon after flying from Sparta dyed to Tegea & dyed there. The seven \reigns of the/ kings of Sparta descend \wch/ following Polydorus beig|n|g added to to {sic} the nine \reigns/ above mentioned \wch/ beginning wth \that of/ Procles make up also seventeen reigns. And these 17 reigns at 20 years a piece \one with another/ amount unto 340 years. Count those 340 years upwards from the sixt year of Xerxes \& one year more for the reign of Aristodemus the father of Eure/ & they will place the return of the Argonauts \Heraclides/ into Peloponesus 160 years after the death of Solomon, that is \of/ 45|4| years before the beginning of the Olympiads. whereas Chronologers usually make \But the followers of Timæus place/ this return \of the Heraclides/ 282|3| years earlier. And this is the fundamental error of the artificial Chronology of the Greeks.

By these arguments the ancient Chronologers have \lengthed {sic} the time between tha|e|t return \of the Heraclides into Pelop./ & the first Messenian war \adding to it about 190 years/ & thereby made that return/ made the return {sic} of the Heraclides into Peloponnes] about {illeg} 190 years older then the truth [supposing that they have rightly stated the time of the first Messenian war. But they have also made that warr almost an hundred years war too old] by lengthening the time between that return & the first Messenian war]. And they have also lengthend the time between that war & the ti rise of the Persian empire [And thereby made the return of the Heraclides about 280 years older then the truth] And this is the fundamental error of the artificial Chronologi|y|es of the Greeks. The Chronologers of the Greek h And this being the computation upon wch the Chronologers of the Greeks have found|ed| the Chronology of their kingdoms wch were ancienter then the Persian empire, that chronoly {sic} is to be rectified by shortning the times wch pr\e/ceded the death of Cyrus in the proportion of 574 to 292 of almost 2 to 1. ffor the times wch follow the death of Cyrus are |not| pretty well stated much amiss.

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Notes taken out of a {illeg} \a book called/
A Discours of ye terrestrial Paradise printed at London 1666.

The head of Euphrates in ye Northern part of Armenia major, at its first rise is called Pyxirates say Strabo & Pliny, or rather (as Iunius corrects them) Puc-perath, i.e. profusio Eufratis cap 3. pag. 9. Vide Plin l 5 nat. Hist. cap. 24.       Oritur \in Caramitide Armeniæ majoris præfectura/ sub radicibus {montis} quem Capoten incolæ nominant {illeg}

The stream of Euphrates called Naharmalca fals into Tigris at Seleucia & borrows its name \(Hi{racael})/ from thence. c 4 p 14.

Herodotus in Clio, n. 193 (seu l 1. n. 193) says Exit ex Euphrate in Tigin {sic} alterum flumen ad quod urbs Nivus sita erat. l 5 p 18 & l 6. p 29.

Tigris & Euphrates spring out of ye same fountain & incircling Mesopotamia give it its name. l 7. p 31.

Strabo sets ye fountains of Tigris & Euprhates 2500 stadia, or 312 miles distant. Ptolomy sets ye latitude of ye fountains of Tigris in 39d 40m, of Euphrates in 42d 40m between wch there are but 3degr or 180 miles difference. But Procopius may seem to draw them nearer together, for thus he writes de Bello Pers. l. 1. Mons non valde præruptus in Armenijs est a Theodosiâ civitate 42 stadia distans, ad boream pertinens, unde duo exeunt fontes totidem flumina constituentes, Euphratem dextrorsus Tigrim vero sinistrorsus. What this Theodosia was (514 miles to ye north of wch ye two rivers had their springs{)} is hard to determin. In ye same book he mentions a city of yt name not far fom Nisibis: Anastasia civitas condita est ab Anastasi{illeg} ubi erat Dara in Mesopotamia a Nisibi 98 stad distans, in Romanorum Persarumqꝫ confinibus cui vicina Theodosia. But this Theodosia being wthin Mesopotamia could not be ye same wth ye former. – Isidorus Hispalensis Orig. l. 13. c. 21, thus quotes Salust ye historian (whose works are lost;) Salustius autem author certissimus asserit Tigrim & Euphratem uno fonte manare in Armenia qui per diversa euntes longiùs dividuntur spatio medio derelicto multorum millium, quæ{illeg} tamen terra quæ ab ipsis ambitur Mesopotamia dicitur. St Ierom de loc. Heb. voce Euphrates quotes ye same place of Salust: but his quotation seemes to have ben corrupted. – Lucan Pharsal l. 3, tells us

Quaqꝫ capud|t| rapido tollit cum Tigride magnus {illeg}

Euphrates, quos non diversis fontibus edit {illeg}

Persis; & incertum, tellus si misceat amnes,

Quod potius sit nomen aquis.

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By Persis here he means (as ye writers of those times commonly do) \{illeg}/ the countries wch were then under ye Persian \or Parthian/ Empire, amongst wch was Armenia. His learned commentator Farnaby (in l{illeg}\o/cum) though he be of another opinion, yet confesses: Vulgò tamen creditum {illeg} unum habuisse fontem. And ye learned Boetius De Consolat. Philosoph. l. 5. carm. 1.

Rupis Achæmeniæ scopulis ubi versa sequentûm

Pectoribus figit spicula pugna fugax,

Tigris et Euphrates uno se fonte resolvunt

Et mox adjunctis dissociantur aquis &c

The expression tellus [incertum, tellus si misceat amnes, Quod potiùs sit nomen aquis] (that is if ye rivers running near one another overflow so as to touch, it is uncertain by wch name they shall be called) seems to relate to ye report of Cl. Cæsar mentioned by Pliny l 6. c 27. Tam vicinū A\r/saniæ fluere eum (sc. Tigrim) in regione Arrhene Claudius Cæsar author est, ut cum intumuere, confluant, nec tamen misceantur leviorqꝫ Arsanias inuatat 4 mill. fere spatio, mox divisus in Eufratem mergitur. This Arsanias I suppose is Eufrates, & ye same wth Plutarch's Araxes where he saith (lib. De fluvijs) Tigris est fluvius est Armeniæ deflusus in Araxem simull et Arsacidem paludem. Which lake Arsacis Strabo calls Arsene, Pliny Arethusa, Ptolomy Arsissa, & ye country about it Ptolome calls Arsea, others Arsena, but Procopius always either Arzane or Arxane, wch sounds so neare Araxis that one might well take ye name from ye other.       To ye same purpose wth Plutarch speaks a credible Author Cl. Marius Victor Genes. l. 1.

Tertius hinc rapido percurrens gurgite Tigris

It comes Eufrati, juncta quos mole ruentes tellus

Tellus victa cavo sorbet patefacta barathro

Donec in Armeniæ saltus ac Medica Tempe

Quos non sustinua|i|t, nec jam capit, evomit Amnes.

This falling into ye earth was after they had passed ye Lake Arethusa as Pliny writing of Tigris tells us l 6. c 27 influit lacum Arethusam omnia illata pondera sustinentem &c. Fertur autem et cursu et colore dissimilis transvictusqꝫ occurrente Tauro monte in specu mergitur, subterqꝫ lapsus a latere altero ejus erumpit. Locus vocatur Zoroanda. After this emerging they run into ye forests \& groves/ of Armenia & & then forthwith they fall into another Lake Thomitis (as Strabo & Dionysius) Thospites or Thespites (as Strabo & D Ptolome & Pliny call it) for so it follows Alterum dein transit Lacum qui Thospites appellatur & immediately after it hath acquit it self rursus in curriculos mergitur & post 25 mil. pass. circa Nympheum redditur.

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By all this it appears that ye fountain of these rivers is in Armenia major in ye Region of Sophene on ye south side of Taurus in a most pleasant place viz: there where Ptolome places ye fountain of Tigris, in ye latitude 39d. 40m.

Fluvius \Auxius/ (saith Æthicus) nascitur de monte Armeno: transiens per Mesopotamiam pergit. In ea vero provincia alius ei adjungitur fluvius Pactolus qui dicitur ex ipso monte caucaso nasci &c. Per Pactolum hic intellige Pixiratem, {illeg} per Auxium Araxem vel Eufratē. nam Ambros De Paradiso l 3 scribit Eufratem ab Hebræorū et Assyriorum prudentius Auxen dictum esse.

The river wch Dion calls Arsanias Tacitus calls Arasanetes Annal l 15. And Ptolom|in|y l 6. c 9 puts ye town Arsamote (ye same I suppose wth Ptolome's Arsamosata & Geogr. Nub's Tal-Aresias.

Iacet autem Tal Aresias ad magnum quoddam flumen quod e montibus excurrens tandem Eufrati se miscet infra Samosata. Geogr. Nubiens.

Nicephorus calls Adiabene an Indian region Hist Eccles l 9. c. 18 Adiabene verò regio est Indica amplo et Celebris. The arm of Tigris wch compassed it & flowed towards on ye north |&| east was called Indus. And one Theophilus for being sent embassador by ye Emperour Constantine to ye Adiabenians was called got ye name of Theophilus Indus Niceph \Hist/ l 9 c 18. Discourse of ye terrestrial Parad chap 10. p 71

Paulus Diaconus relating ye expedition of Heraclius ye Emperour agt ye Persian writes thus. Kal. Decemb. venit ad fluvium magnum Zabam: & cum hunc transi{illeg}sset castramentatus est juxta Nine|i|ven. Now opposite to ye ruins of this Ninive was Mosul built in Mesopo{p}|t|amia, ye river only parting between them, & that also joyned by a bridg. Benjamin in Itinerario pag 62 Edit. Elzevir. Ista civitas (sc. Al-Mozal) jam inde a diebus priscis maxima, Persidis initium est, ad Tigrim flumen sita, inter quam et Nineven pons tantum intercedit. Hæc devastata est, ut multos pagos et arces habet A Nineve Arbeelem usqꝫ una est Parasanga, Ninive autem Tigridis ripæ imminet. The like hath Geogr. Nub. part. 6. clin. 4. Mausel est urbs ad occidentalem Tigridis ripam \partem/ exstructa, habetqꝫ territoria ampla & provincias magnas ac præ cæteris territorium Lino (i.e. Nini) urbis vetustissimæ sitæ ab orientali latere Tigris e regione Mausel.

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After the same manner was Greece also peopled at first by men free to calling free towns villages & free towns & these|n| soon grew into \by/ many small kingdoms. ffor a[184] Dionysius Halicarnassæus \Pausanias/ tells us that all Greece was at first peopled by governed by Kings before commonwealths were instituted. And because every city was at first free & absolute thence it came to pass that πολιτεία Polity the government of a City called \the word/ πολιτεία Polity, wch signifies the government of a City, was used by the Greeks for \the government of a kingdom or/ any /other\ absolute & supreme \complete/ government. How their {illeg} \head cities {illeg}/ Kingdoms grew up out of free tow \out of free towns & cities/ you will understand by the following instances history of the Cities of Attica thus set down by Thucydides. Vnder Cecrops, saith he, & the ancient Kingsuntill Theseus – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – at Athens. To the same purpose Plutarch relates how that ye people of Attica [185]were till ye reign of Theseus divided & difficu coul difficult to be called together to consult about their common safety affairs & sometimes disagreed & made wars upon one another till Theseus perswaded them to convene into a|o||ne| free polity wch should be free & have the whole power lodged in the people excepting only that he would manage their wars & put their laws in executions. To wch when they agreed he dissolved the Prytanæa & Courts & Magistracy wch they had in their several towns Cities & erected one common in Athens one Prytanæum & Court {illeg} common to them all: wch {illeg} remained till ye age of Plutarch \wch/ saith Plutarch, is still |there| to be seen. Here you see \So then/ the government of every City was at yt \at {first}/ complete & aboslute in matters both civil & sacred. Every city had its court for civil matters & every court had its Prytanæum or \vestal/ Temple adjoyning to it for sacred ones. The Prytanæum accompanied the Court because the Civil magistrates in those days were also the Priests. Polemon[186] as he is cited by Strabo tells us that in this body of Attica there were 70 an hundred & seventy free towns or \[187] separate free towns or bodies politick/ /δημοι distinct peoples or polities\ |cities| one of wch was the city Eleusis so famous for her sacred mysteries. These were all free \separate & free cities/ till the reign of Theseus \Cecrops/ their first \common Captain or/ King. ffor Philochorus[188] relates that when {illeg} Attica was infested by sea & land by ye Cares & Bœoti, Cecrops first of any man reduced the multitude (that is ye 170 cities \cites {sic}/ free towns or cities) into twelve cites {sic} whose names were Cecropia, Tetrapolis, Epacria, Dececlea, Eleusis, Aphydna, Thoricus, Brauron, Ch Cytharus, Sphettus, Cephisia, Phalerus & that Theseus afterwards contracted these 12 cities into one wch was Athens. These twelve Cities comprehending many others under them grew in time to be accounted twelve nations \of Attica/ for so they are called by By this you may perceive that \Cecrops/ the first king of Attica was only a Captain of their army /forces\ \of all the Cities/ {illeg} \elected/ in time of war \danger./ He <182r> was made their captain or King about ye time that Moses was born & {illeg} Theseus reigned about 320 years after being \He was/ /being\ ye predecessor of Menestheus |who went to ye war of Troy.|

The original of the Kingdom of ye Argives was much after the same manner. For saith ✝[189] Pausanias, Φορωνεὺς δὲ ὁ {illeg} ἀνθρώπου Ινάχου τοὺς ἀνθρώπους συνάγαγε πρωτον {ἐστι} κοινὸν σποράδας τεώς καὶ ἐφ ἑαυτων ἑκάστοτε ὀικουντας καὶ τὸ χωρίον ἐς ὁ πρωτον ἠθροίσθησαν, ἄστυ ὠνομάσθη Φορώνικον. Phoroneus ye son of Inachus was ye first who gathered into one community the Argives who till then were scattered & lived each \every where/ apart. And the place where they were first assembled was called ye city of Phoroneus. Others add that he a[190] set up an Altar to Iuno & b[191] ordeined them laws & judicature & c[192] reduced them from a brutish & salvage life to a civil one. The Altar was doubtless for the worship of the common assembly & ye salvage life from wch he reduced them was that of warring upon one another. He reigned about ye time of Abraham's death.

The \people of Arcadia were at first called \a branch of the/ Pelasgi & the/ Pelasgi are accounted on of ye oldest nations of Greece. \They peopled Arcadia/ {illeg} Probably Pelasgus from whom they had their \first/ name was one of ye sons of |yt| Elisha who \first/ peopled Peloponnesus: for Pausanias Hesiod & Æschinus account him ye son of a a native of ye Country & Pausanias tells us[193] that he first taught ye \ignorant/ people to build houses for defending themselves from heat cold & rain & to make them garments of skins & instead of hearbs & roots wch were sometimes noxious, to eat {illeg} ye acorns of ye beech tree: {illeg} that all Peloponnesus was at first called P from him Pelasgia, & that ye City which {illeg} Lycosura wch was built by his son Lycaon was the oldest of all ye cities either in the Continent or in the Islands. This, saith he, was ye first city wch ye sun ever saw & after ye pattern of this were other cities built. He saith also yt Lycaon gave ye name of Lycæus to Iupiter & instituted ye agonalia Lycæa Lupercalia to his honour, but \its more reasonable to beleive that/ this worship & honour was rather given to the hono Lycaon by his posterity long after his death. Lastly he saith that in the time of ye sons of Lycaon the whole region was much increased in ye number of cities & people that ye territories of Lycaon were divided amongst his sons who in the sons of Lycaon \who were about {illeg} 25 in number/ |in ye time of the sons of Lycaon the whole region was much increased in the number of cities & people & & that those his sons who were about 25|4| in number| shared his territories among them & built each of them one or more cities the names of wch he \there/ sets down. Only \Oenotrus who the was/ the youngest of the brothers sailed thence wth his people into Italy. And this is recconed the first colony wch the Greeks sent abroad. The same division of ye Kingdom of Lycaon amongst his sons is mentioned also by Dionysius Halicarnassæus. And hereby \By this instance/ you may understand how upon ye first peopling of Greece every father shared

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Tzetzes tells us that Cecrops sent Argus into Sicily & Libya commanding \him/ to get together \procure get together/ corn wch grew there & send it into Greece, So corn grew in Libya Scily befo so \& thence it seems/ that the sowing of corn was propagated into fom Egypt into Libya & \from Libya into/ Sicily before it came into Greece. Erechtheus in a time of famin procured

{illeg} When corn was brought \out/ of the corn countries into Greece it may be presumed that the Merchants would endeavour to bring weomen along with the corn to teach \instruct & assist/ the Greeks how to in the making of bread espec And particularly when a great quantity of corn was brought out of Egypt & perhaps some other places for Erechtheus. ffor at that time Ceres is said to have come to Athens.

To Sr Isaac Newton
{illeg}ther M{illeg}

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349=2,3,7,7. 94. . (6512. .

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were named after their Gods. Every Temple had its proper God & {illeg} worship & for annual festivals for sacrificing & {illeg} meeting of the Council & people |of| |{the} nome| to \do justice &/ sacrifice & buy & sell. \But Osiris & Isis were worshipped in them all./ Lucian upon viewing these Temples recconed them as old as the temples of Phœnicia built by Cinyras, & older then the Temples built by the Assyrians in the time of their empire. ① Apollonius Rhodius a[194] & his Scholiast tells us that Sesonchosis king of all Egypt (that is Sesach) invading all Asia & a great part of Europe peopled many cities wch he took, & that Æa remained stable ever since his days with the posterity of those Egyptians whom he placed there & that they preserved pillars or tables in wch all the journeys & the bounds of sea & land were described for the use of them \that/ were to go any whether. These tables therefore gave a beginning to geography.

③ From his digging channels from the Nile to the capital cities of Egypt to make it usefull that river was consecrated to him & he was called by its names Ægyptus, Siris & Nilus. From the word Nahal a torrent the river was called Nilus & Diodorus \(l. 1. p. 39)/ tells us that Nilus was that king who cut Egypt into canales to make the river more usefull. From Sihor In scripture this river is called Schichor or Sihor {illeg} [whence came the greek names both of the river &the king Seris Siris Sirius O-siris So Diodorus (l. 1. p. 7.) Some of the ancient Greek Mythologists call Osiris Dionysus & Si sirnamed him Sirius. And Hermæus in Plutarchi Let him be called Osiris, or Omphis, or Nilus, or Siris, or by any other name used by the Priests &c. And Plutarch (de Osiride et Iside) {illeg} Some say that the Egyptians by Osiris understand the Nile – others that he is the Sun called Sirius by the Greeks & that the article O put before ye word makes it scarce understood by the Egyptians.] Thence the Greeks formed the words Siris, Sirius, O-Siris. But Plutarch tells us that ye {illeg} article O put before ye word by the Greeks made it scarce intelligible to ye Egyptians. Sometimes they omitted this article. So Diodorus \(lib. 1 p. 7)/ tells us that some of the ancient Greek Mythologists called Osiris Dionysus & sirnamed him Sirius. ffrom ye word Bacche Bacche, wch signifies great, great the Arabians called him Bacchus, & from the word Ma-fors \valiant/ the Thracians called him Mars. \/ < insertion from lower down f 184r > Pleriqꝫ Liberum cum Marte conjungunt unum Deum esse montrantes. Vnde Bacchus ἐνυάλιος cognominatur, {illeg} quod est inter propria Martis nomina. Macrob. Saturn. l. 1. c. 19. Thymætes who was contemporary to Orpheus & wrote a Poesy of the actions of Bacchus in very old language & character saith expresly that the father of Bacchus was Ammon a king reigning over part of Libya, that is, a king of Egypt reigning of over all that part of Libya called Ammonia He saith also that a part of the army of Bacchus were Libyan weomen commanded by their Queen \like/ Minerva \of the ancients/. Apud Diodor. l. 3. c. 4. p. 130. |& Diodorus tells us that this Queens name was Myrina.| < text from higher up f 184r resumes > // Soon after |t|his|e| death \of Sesostris/ his empire brake in pieces by civil wars & was shared amongst \between/ his captains Then \& his son Orus/ by treaty. Then the Ethiopians invaded Egypt & Libya & under Zerah their king came out against wth a great army to pursue their conquests but were beaten by Asa, & the people of the lower Egypt revolted from them under Osarsiphus Priest of Heliopolis & called in the Iews to their assistance. But Amenoph \an Ethiopian/ the successor of Zerah (called Amenophis \Amenophes & Memnon/ by the Greeks \& corruptly Venephes, Imandes, Ismandes Osimandes/) drave after a few \thirteen/ years drave them out again. And this |is| by Manetho called the second expulsion of the shepherds. Of these times Pliny tells us Ægyptiorum bellis attrita est Æthiopia vicissim imperitando serviendoqꝫ clara et potens etiam usqꝫ ad Trojana bella Memnone regnante. And Herodotus, that Sesostris alone enjoyed the Empire of Ethiopia.

Amenoph \reigned also over Susiana & adorned Susa with buildings. In Egypt he/ built Memphi|y|s from him called Menoph & by contraction Moph & Noph, & there founded the magnificent Temple of Vulcan. And his successors Rameses & {illeg} Mœris Asychis & Psammi{illeg}|t|icus built the western northern eastern & southern Porticos thereof. The Egyptian Priests said that Menes who reigned next after the Gods built Memphys & this temple of Vulcan. Whence it|I| seems|e| to me that gather that Menes was Menoph or Amenoph & not an ancienter king. ffor Psammiticus who built the last Portico of this temple, reigned three hundred years after the victory of Asa over Zerah; & it is not likely that this Temple could be above \two or/ three hundred years in building.

Amenoph was succeeded by \Ramses & he he w or Rampses & he by/ Moeris otherwise called Maris Myris Marrus, & corruptly

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Mœris |otherwise called Maris, Myris, Marrus & corruptly Ayres, Biyres, \{Venereus}/ Sorus, Lacharis, Labaris, \{illeg}/ Thoris & {Thuor} /Tyris, {illeg}\. These come chiefly {by} changing the letter Μ into Α, ΝΙ, Σ, Λ Θ. He fixed his seat at Memphys, adorned the City &| built also \also/ the famous Labyrinth & made neare \neare it/ & made the great lake of Mœris wth two great Pyramids in it, & between him & Asychis reigned two or three other kings \called by Herodotus {illeg} Cheops Chephren Mycerinus, Nitocris & by Diodorus Chembes Cepheus & Mycerinus or Cherrinus/ who built other Pyramids \& Asychis made one of brick/. By the works of these kings in the territory of Memphys you may know that they made Memphys the seat of their kingdome |reigned at in that City & so were later then the kings who reigned at Thebes & by consequence then the Trojan war.| In the days of Asychis or soon after \or his successor Mycerinus/, the|i|se kingdom of brake into three or four kingdoms. \Anysis or Amosis succeeded Asychis at Memphys./ Gnephactus & his son Boccharis \(otherwise called Neochabes Nectabis Technatis Tallecothis Tallecophis{)}/ reigned \successively/ at Memphis \at Thebes & was there succeeded by his son Boccharis/, Stephanates Nechepsos & Nechus successively at Sais, \Petubastes, Osorches, Psammus, Zen at Tanis or Zoan, & Sesonchis Osorthon & Tasellothis at Bubaste./ & Anysis & some others \at Zoan & perhaps in some/ in other places I think at Zoan & Xois \I think at Zoan & Bubastis/. And in the time of these kingdoms {sic} Ægypt was again invaded & subdued \& reduced to a Monarchy/ by the Ethiopians under Sabacon & who slew Boccharis & Nechus & put Anysis to flight. \Diodorus calls him Achisanes./ At that time some Egyptians fleeing to Babylon carried thither the year of Egypt & the study of Astronomy & Astrology wch gave occasion to the Æra of Nabonassar. Hestiæus thus mentions this transmigration. The Priests who escaped [that is, who escaped from Sabacon] taking the sacra of Iupiter ἐνυάλιος [that is of Bacchus or Osiris] came into Senaar a field of Babylonia.

All nations at first de recconed months by the course of the Moon & years by the returns of winter & summer spring & autumn. And in making Kalendars for their festivals they recconed 30 days to a \Lunar/ month & twelve months to a year. So in the time of the \Noahs/ flood when the Moon could not be seen, Moses recconed 30 days to a month. But if the Moon appeared upon the 30th day that |day| |was| recconned both for the last day of the preceding month & the first day of the following. And therefore \Thales called the last day of the month the thirtieth/ Solon called it {illeg} |ἔνην| καὶ νέαν the old & the new. And if twelve months were found two {sic} short for the sea return of the seasons of the year they added a thirteenth. This the Greeks did in the days of Herodotus every other year except once in eight years: wch made the Olctaeteris or Annus magnus of the ancients. When the Egyptians applied themselves to Astronomy they observed the course of the sun by the heliacal risings & settings of the stars, & in the sepulcher of Osiris counted the days of the Calendar by filling 360 bowles with milk, one bowle every day. And finding this recconing too short by fiv about five days, they made their year to consist of twelve equal months & five days & in memory thereof made placed in the sepulcher of Memnon a circle of 365 cubits in compass plated over wth gold & divided into 365 equal parts to represent all the days in the year & noted upon each part the heliacal risings & settings of the stars on that day. And this \Astronomical/ year the Priests ca of Egypt carried to Babylon. ffor the yeares of Nabonassar & the year of Egypt began on one & the same days. And for determining the cardinal periods of the year the Astronomers of those days observed the Solstices. Aristæus the Astronomer married the was born & educated in Libya & was T there tutor to Bacchus & brought from thence into Greece the skill of observing & determining the solstices by the risings & settings of the stars, & married Autonoe the daughter of Cadmus & therefore was two or three generations older then the Argonauts. Now the first year of Nabonassar began upon \with/ ye 26th of February 747, |&| thirty & thre days \years {sic} before the vulgar Æra & eight hours five hours/ before the Equinox according {illeg} to the Suns mean <185r> motion. For it is not likely that the Suns æquation of the suns mean motion was \should be/ known in the infa\n/cy of Astronomy. Now recconing that the Egyptian year wants 5 hours 49′ of the Equinoctial year, the fir beginning of this year {will} move backwards 33 days & 8|5| hours in {illeg}|1|3{illeg}7 years & by consequence this year began upon ye \day of the/ vernal equinox according to the suns mean motion 13{illeg}7 years before the Æra of Nabonassar began \& upon the day next after the equinox five years earlier/, that is, in the year of the Iulian Period 383{illeg}|0|, or in the one hundred & three \two/ \ninety eight/ years after the death of Solomon. And there the death of Amenophis may be placed. ffor he was an infant when Osarsiphus called in the Iews. And if it began the day next after the Vernal Equinox it might begin two or three years sooner. And there the death of Amenophis may be placed. ffor he is mentioned by Homer & Hesiod as one generation younger then Tithonus ye elder brother of Priam.

The first month of the Lunisolar year began sometimes a week or a fortnight before the Equinox & sometimes as much after it And this gave occasion to the first Astronomers {illeg} who formed the Asterisms, to f place place the Equinoxes & solstices in the middle of ye signes \Aster Constellations of Aries Chelæ Cancer Cancer Chelæ & Capricorn/. [Afterwards they were found in the twelft degree & then in the eighth & at length in the fourth \first/ degree of the signes. In order to publish the Lunar cycle of 19 years Meton & Euctemon observed the solstice in ye year of Nabonassar 316 & Columella tells us that they placed it in the eighth degree of Cancer that is of the constellation] Achilles Tatius tells us that some anciently placed the Solstice in the beginning of Cancer, others in the eighth degree of Cancer, others about the twelft degree & others about ye 15th degree. This variety of opinions proceeded from the Precession of the Equinox \then/ not known to the Greeks. When the \celestial/ sphere was first formed the equinox was in ye 15th degree or middle of the Constellation of Cancer Then it came into the 12th 8th & 1st degree successively. Eudoxus in describing the sphere of the ancients placed drew the Colure of the E placed the solstices & Equinoxes in the middle of ye Constellations of Aries Chelæ Cancer & Capricorn as is affirmed by Hypparchus Bithynus, & appears also by the description of the Equinoctial & Tropical circles in Aratus who copied after Eudoxus & by ye position of the Colures of the equinoxes & solstices in {his} wch in the sphere of Eudoxus \described by Hipparchus/ went through the middle of those constellation {sic}. as Hi Now Chiron the master of Iason the Argonaut delineated σχήματα ὀλύμπου the Asterisms as Clemens Alexan the ancient author of Gigantomachia cited by Clemens Alexandrinus informs us. {illeg} [Strom 1. p 306, 332] And Musæus the master of Orpheus the Argonaut & one of the Argonauts made a sphere & is reputed the first among the Greeks who made one [Laertius Proæm. l. 1.] And the sphere it self shews that it was designed in the time of the Argonautic expedition. ffor that expedition is delineated in the asterisms wth several other ancienter histories of the Greeks. But nothing later then that expedition is delineated there. It seems \therefore/ to have been formed by Chiron & Musæus for the use of the Argonauts. For the people of the Island Corcyra attributed the invention of the sphere to Nausicae the daughter of Alcinous king of the Pheaces in that Island, & its most probable that she had it from the Argonauts who in their return home sailed to that island & made some stay there wth her father. At that time therefore the solstice was reputed in the middle of the constellation of Cancer. Afterwards when Thales & Pherecides began to revive Astronomy & wrote a book of the Tropicks & Equinoxes, they \it/ was found in the 12th degrees of the|at| signes. And at length Meton {illeg} in order to publish the Lunar cycle of 19 years Meton & Euctemon observed the solstice in the year of Nabonassar 316, & Columella tells us that they placed it in the eighth degree of Cancer, wch is seven degrees backwarder then at first. Now the Equinox goes backward one degree in 72 years & seven degrees in 504 years. Subduct those years from the 316\th/ year of Nabonassar & the Argonautick expedition will fall upon the 45th year after the death of Solomon, & \so/ the epedition {sic} of Sesostris wch was one generation earlier, will fall in wth that of Sesak.

Its probable that when Chiron & Musæus formed the sphære they did not observe the equinox \solstice/ themselves, but placed it where it had been found a little before <185v> by Atlas who made the first sphere or by the Egyptians of his days {Aristæus & |by|} the Egyptians \or Greeks/ of their days. For after they had once determined the Equinox solstice by the risings & settings of the stars it is not likely that they would alter the determination before the Equinox had moved sensibly from its first place. Its probable also that in those days they divided the Equator only into 360 equal parts taking a part for a days motion of the sun according to the Calendar of the Lunisolar year, & had not yet begun to divide a degree into 360 60 minutes. And by consequence, when Meton found the Equinox \solstice/ in the 8th degree of the signes, we may understand that he found it somewhere in the eighth degree without determining precisely in what part of the eighth degree, & by consequence that the solstice since the first determination of its place by the Greeks had gone back between seven & eight degrees: And |&| therefore its {sic} was first determined between 504 & 576 years before the Observation of Meton, that is, not later then the 45th year after ye death of Solomon nor earlier then the 13th year of his reign. And this interval of time falls in wth ye days between Aristæus \one of/ the T tutors of Sesostris \Bacchus/ & the Argonautic expedition, & so makes Bacchus or Sesostris contemporary to Sesak.

T When the Romans conquered the Carthaginians, the archives of Carthage came into their hands. And thence Appion in his history of the Puic wars tells us that in round numbers that Carthage stood 700 years. And Solinus adds the odd number of years in these words. Hadramyto & Carthgeni {sic} author est a Tyro populus. Carthaginem (ut Cato in oratione Senatoria autumat) cum rex Hiarbas rerum in Libya potiretur, Elissa mulier extruxit domo Phœnix, & Carthadam vocavit dixit, quod Phœnicum ore exprimit civitatem novam; mox sermone verso Carthago dicta est; quæ post annos septingentos triginta septem exciditur quam fuerat extructa. Elissa was Dido, & Carthage was destroyed in the Consulship of Lentulus & Mummius in ye year of the Iulian period 4568, from whence count backwards 737 years, & the Encœnia of or Dedication of the city will fall upon the 16th year of Pigmaleon the brother of Dido. She fled in ye 7th year of Pigmaleon but ye Æra of the city began wth its Encœnia. Now while Virgil & his Scholiast Servius relate that Teucer & Telamon came from the war of Troy in days of Dido a little before the reign of her brother Pigmaleon \& that her father assisted them her father against Cinyras, & those of Cyprus & Theopompus / < insertion from lower down f 185v > Th Theopompus \[l 12 apud Photium] in relating the affairs of Cyprus/ that the Greeks who followed Agamemnon (meaning Teucer Agapenor & their companions) seized Cyprus & ejected Cinyras: why might not \{illeg}/ the Romans \& Theopompus/ have these things, the first from the records of Cyprus & the second from those of Carthage & Cyprus? Which being granted, the destruction of Troy will just precede \be in/ ye reign of Pigmaleon the predecessor of Pigmaleon, or about 70 or 80 years later then ye death of Solomon < text from higher up f 185v resumes > : why might not the Romans of those days have these things from the Carthaginian records. For they had them not from ye \{Chronology} of the/ Greeks

Tatian {illeg} in his book against the Greeks relate that amongst the Phœnicians flourished three ancient historians Theodotus, Hypsicrates & Mochus who all of them delivered in their histories (translated into Greek by Lætus) that under one of the kings happened the rapture of Europa, the voyage of Menelaus into Phœnicia & the league & friendship between Solomon & Hiram when Hiram gave his daughter to Solomon & supplied him with timber for building the Temple, & that the same is affirmed by Menander of Pergamus. Vnder one of the kings, that is, within the compas of the age of a man: for so the phrase is used by Isaiah chap XXIII.15. Iosephus lets us know that the Annals of the Tyrians from the days of Abibalus & Hiram were extant in his days & that Menander of Pergamus translated them into Greek, & that Hirams friendship to Solomon & assistance in building the Temple was mentioned in them. And by the testimony of Menander & the three ancient Phenician historians above mentioned, the rapture of Europa happened in the same age wth ye building of Solomons temple, & by consequence she & her brother Cadmus came into Europe in the reign of David, as above, & Minos the \her/ son of Europa \Minos/ was contemporary to Solomon & Bacchus who the great Bacchus who loved Ariadne the daughter of Minos & mistress of Bacchus to Rehoboam Theseus & \of/ of the great Bacchus \the great/, to Rehoboam.

<186r>

above 12

Chap 2.
Of the Assyrian, Babylonian \Chaldean/ & Persian Monarchies

The earth was at first divided into many small kingdoms according to ye number of cities. These by conquering one another grew greater & greater till they arrived at ye bigness they are now at. For in Abrahams age they were so small that when four kings had beaten five, Abraham pursued ye wth 318 men beat ye conquerors. When Ioshua entred Canaan he found there above 30 kings. Egypt, Greece, Italy, Spain, Gallia, Brittain in ye first memories we have of them consisted many kingdoms \of small/ kingdoms & governments not yet grown to The first kingdom of any great tho not so small as those of Syria in ye earlier times of Abraham & Ioshua. The first kingdom of great extent was ye Assyrian & this grew great not long before ye captivity of ye ten tribes. Which shews \{illeg}/ that ye affords a good argument yt ye world was peopled not long before ye age of Abraham.

Tis true that Nimrod was potent in ye earth in ye first age & he reigned first in the land of Shinar & then in Assyria \whence Assyria/: but when {illeg} the world was not yet peopled we are not to conceive |yt| of \he founded a standing/ his kingdō was \a standing {sic}/ like any of those now in being. He {illeg} What he possest was rather to people \{illeg} & plant/ wth his {illeg} posterity, then to propagat to rule reign to reign over to form into a standing kingdom & therefore he as {illeg} |he is said to found divers cities that is to plant families in several places wch {illeg} at length grew into cities & \{the}refore/ as Phœnicia is called ye land of Canaan| as Phenicia is called the land of Canaan because peopled by Canaan so Assyria is called ye land of Nimrod Mica 5.6. The custome of the first age was to distribute his territories among their|is| posterity. |When Noah & his sons had distributed their former father territories wthout making any one son lord {illeg} over ye others territories.| So Noah distributed the whole earth amongst his \three/ sons. Iaphet distributed Syria Asia minor & Greece among his, Sem distributed Mesopotamia Asia major amongst his Iaphet These distributed their {illeg} portions amongst theirs < insertion from between the lines > sons & these amongst theirs. {illeg} For {illeg} \when/ Moses was \had/ describing|ed| ye division of the earth amongst the sons of Noah to the fourth generation [he subjoyns allots \tells how/ Europe \was given/ {illeg} to Iaphet, Asia to Sem & Afric to Ham & then subjoyns each each of these portions was \in like manner/ again divided & subdivided among ye posterity of Sem sons & grandsons of Sem Ham & Iaphet. For reccon when he had recconed up the sons & Grandsons of Iaphet he subjoyns: By these were the Isles of the Gentiles (that is Europe) divided in their lands] he subjoyns These are the families of the sons of Noah after their generations, in their nations, & by these were the nations divided in the earth after the flood. Which is as much as to say, that as Noah divided the whole earth amongst his sons giving Europe to Iaphet, Asia to Sem & Afric to Ham without making <left margin of f 186v> any one lord of ye whose {sic}, so each of these divided their parts amongst their sons & they their portions amongst theirs untill the whole earth was distributed into coordinate & independent Nations, tribes & families. < text from f 186r resumes > Chus the eldest Son of Ham \not content with his own lot/ invaded the lots of Sem's posterity & placed his sons round about the Persian gulf from ye furthest part of Arabia felix to ye {illeg} furthest part of Carmania giving to each as large a portion as to Nimrod, {illeg} ( <186v> as Bochart in his Geography has shewn) giving to each as large a portion as to Nimrod in the land of Shinar & no doubt all these \(Nimrod as well as the rest)/ according to ye law received from their ancestors still divided their portions among their posterity. And as Noah left not \any/ one of his sons lord over the rest nor Ham \left/ any one of his sons lord over the rest nor Chus in his new conquests nor Chus left any one of his sons lord over ye rest so its reasonable to think that Nimrod left \no one of his sons lord over the rest/ his conquest whether in Shinar or Assyria \the sons of Chus Nimrod as well as the {illeg} left/ the sons of Chus observed the same law & therefore that Nim{illeg}rod left no one of his sons lord over ye rest in his conquests whether in Shinar or Assyria |but planted them in {illeg} several places where of his territory where they|ir| grew seats grew {illeg} at length into cities. And this| And this I take to be ye cause why the world in ye times of Abraham & for a good while after became divided into \almost/ as many kingdoms as cities: & why the we have no \so little/ history of those early times. For whilst kingdoms were so small their wars & other actions were scarce considerable enough to deserve \lasting/ memory.

When \therefore/ Moses tells us that Nimrod {illeg} went forth of ye land of Shinar into {illeg} Assyria & built several cities there: we are to understand only that he placed several families in several parts of T Assyria wch at length grew to be cities being left independant of one another at length grew to be cities each wth their \its/ {illeg} proper a king & government of its own. ffor in all countries where the king resides thither the people resort from all places of ye kingdom & |there the people resort from all parts of the kingdom &| there the city grows great by ye resort of people from all places of ye kingdom & the {illeg} \great: &/ according to ye bigness of the kingdom \dominion/ is ye growth of the {illeg} city city. {illeg} When therefore Moses tells us that {illeg} Resen between Nineveh & Calah was a great city we may conclude from thence that it was \or at least had been before the time of Moses/ the seat of a great King & by consequence that ye dominion of Nineve did not yet \from the beginning/ extend it self over all Assyria. ffor as As now we take a city for ye seat of a Bishop so originally it was the seat of civil government & to be a citizen was to be the member of a common wealth: But \but/ when one city was conquered by another {illeg} \the conquered city/ became only the seat of a Province, & when the conqueror was con

<187r>

Chap. IV.
The Monarchy of Egypt seated at Memphys

|By these you may learn the greatness of the Dominion \Empire/ of Memnon. ffor Ramesses inherited his fathers dominion without inlarging his kingdom.] reigned over only over his fathers dominions.|

Iosephus tells us out of Manetho that Amenophis was a contemplator of – – – – – & it will run thus. That the army of Ethiopians & Libyans commanded by Zerah being beaten by the Iews at Mareseh – – – – their assistance, that Amenophis the son of Hercules here called Zerah led an army of Ethiopians against Osarsiphus

[The first King of Egypt who reigned [at Memphis was Amenophis | after the Gods was Menes or {Menois} called Amenophthes by Eusebius, Imandes, Ismandes & Isimandes by Strabo Osimandes by Hecatæus & Mendes by Diodorus & most commonly Memnon by the Greeks. He was also called Menes & Mnevis, for] Herodotus – – – – very little from Amenophis. He was This is |ye| Iupiter so much celebrated by the Atlantides for his vertuous qualifications, who expelled his father Saturn & large dominions whose father Sa the son of Saturn & Rhea or Pandora. Pliny tells us: Anticlides – – – – bring them into use There were The fa There were two Mercuries

Herodotus &Diodorus \& Africanus out of Manetho/ tell us – – – – expulsion of ye Shepherds. He made a bridge over the Nile – – – – – before the reign of Sesostris. He was the first that instituted written laws – – – – letters & was Deified.

Sanchoniatho tells us that Taauthus whom the Egyptians call Thoth was the first that found out Letters & ye art of writing for ye help of memory & Socrates that one of the ancient Gods to whom ye bird Ibis was sacred & whose name was Theuth was ye first who found out Numbers & computation & Geometry & Astronomy & ye plaing {sic} at dice & letters, & distinguished vowels from consonants & mutes from liquids & taught ye art of Grammar. And Diodorus that Mercury found out letters & instituted the worship of ye Gods & observed the motion of ye stars & invented Arithmetick & the art of curious graving & cutting of Statues. All this is to be understood of the first \Thoth or/ Mercury \Trismegist/ who was the secretary & chief Councellour to Osiris /& Isis.\ {illeg} ffor // Manetho tells us of two Mercuries, the first called Thoth, the second the son of Agathodæmon & father of Tat – – – Temples of Egypt. By the \{illeg} inscriptions of Thoth & ye/ Obelisks made by Sesostris & some of his successors it appears yt ye Egyptians \of Thebais/ used the Hieroglyphic writing {illeg} of Sesostris \till the death of Sesostris & a good while after/. {illeg} Thoth formed the Egyptian letters but it was \would be/ some time before this way of writing {illeg} \could/ come into use & then the second Mercury translated of the Hieroglyphicall inscriptions into books & laid up the books in the Temples. Pliny tells us that: Anticlides literas in Ægypto invenisse quendam nomine Menona tradidit quindecim annis – – – – when letters began first to be used in Thebais, t into use. And when Menes began to set down laws in writing then it is to be supposed that ye secon did the Secretaries of the Kings of Egypt begin to use writing & then I conceive {illeg} ye second Mercury \did the same \same/ secretaries of Horus/ translate the hieroglyphical inscriptions into Books. For \And therefore/ as the first Mercury was the {sic} secretary of Osiris \was the 1st Mercury/, so I take ye second Mercury to be the secretary of Menes, I {illeg} that M to be ye second Mercury, that Mercury whom Manetho & Eratosthenes call Athothes & make ye successor of Menes & of whom Manetho saith that he built the royal palace in Memphys & wrote books of Anatomy being a Physitian.

Menes is called Amenophis \is was worshipped in the Ox Mnevis or Menevis/ being the successor of Orus, his reign falls in wth that \was {illeg} reigned \his reign falls in wth that// times of the of \of/ Memnon otherwise called Amenophis, [ffor Memnon being the being by the Greeks reputed the son of Tithonus was contemporary to ye sons of Priam. We] & the names agree] or Amenoph. ffrom <187v> {this} name by omitting the first letter came the names Menes, Mnevis, Memnon as also ye names of his royal city Memphis, Moph, Noph. Dionios The name Menes is by Eratosthenes interpreted Διόνιος Iovius & therefore came from the word Ammon \or Amenoph/ (the Egyptian name of Iupiter) [& should be written Am\m/enes & Mnevis should be written Amnevis or Amenevis wch name differs very little fom Amenophis] by omitting the first letter. ② This king is also called Amenephthes by Eusebius, Imandes Ismandes & Isimandes by Strabo Osimandes by Hecatæus Osimanduas & Mendes by Diodorus. His name His name He is \/ This is ye Iupiter celebrated of ye Atlantides whose father Saturn by his ill manners & covetousness lost the love of his people & was \thereupon/ expelled his kingdom {illeg} by {illeg} his son {illeg} when ye people revolted

< insertion from the right margin of f 187r >

Menes being the successor of Orus, lived in the times of ye Argonatic expedition & Trojan war & so his reign is coincident with that of Memnon was contemporary to Memnon \{illeg}/. For they are but several names of the same king. From Amenophis or Ammenoph, by omitting the first letter were formed Menes, {Memnon} Memphis, Moph, Noph, the names of the city built by Menes & also \Menes Memnon./ Memphis in the reign of Memnon & his Son. ffor Rameses reigned only over his. Hence the Atlantides called him ye great Iupiter & say that he reigned say that he went through ye whole world doing good to all & after death was called Iupiter & unanimously \by all/ placed in the highest heavens & called a God & supreme lord of all the earth. T The {illeg} \{illeg}/ he reigned long at Susa I take him to be the Belus of the Assyrians the & Babylonians, \that Iupiter ενυαλιος/ whom they placed upon an Eagle \with a thunderbolt in his hand/ to express ye sublimity of his dominions & for whom the Cyclopes made Thunderbolts & \{great}/ power in war.

< text from f 187v resumes > < insertion from the left margin of f 187v >

the Egyptians place great forces in|at| Pelu that the people of {illeg} Thebais & Ethiopia {illeg} in Egypt revolted from Zerah or who In the Canons S{illeg} Suphis is put the founder of ye greatest Pyramid is put the successor of Soris, Saophis of Ayres /or Byres\ & Sephetos \or Siphois/ of Maris Anoyphes of Mares: all wch is as much as to say Mœris was succeeded by Suphis the founder of the greatest Pyramid other {sic} called {Sapothis} \Saophis/ Siphoes Saphhisis {illeg}. The builder

< text from f 187v resumes >

Iosephus tells us out of Manetho that this Amenophis

– – – – – Iews were leprous & compared wth what the Atlantites relate of Iupiter's expelling his wicked father & it will run thus, that the army of Zerah being beaten by the Iews at Mareseh, a body of Egyptians soon after {illeg}|revolted| from the Ethiopians at Pelusium & made Osarsiphus their |the \people of the h {sic}/ Ethiopians set up Amenophis & revolted over them & he to strengthen himself against Zerah \his father /or whosoever\/ encourged {sic} the people of the lower Egypt also to revolt & gave them Pelusium that they made Osarsiphus their king| captain & called in the victorious Iews to their assistance, that the Ethiopians also revolted & from {illeg} \from Zera or whoever was the father of Memnon/ & made Memnon their king king & went with him \who le & that Memnon led them/ against Osarsiphus, & at the same time turned the river through ye strait passes of ye mountains – – – – child four of five years old expelling foreigners by their risings & settings made a new regulation of the year.

This year of ye Egyptians |365 days the of 365 days was Babylonians received from ye Egyptians, \using it {in} ye year \Æra/ of Nabonassar &/ the Persians \received it/ from ye Babylonians & the Greeks from the Persians. But the Persians corrected it by adding a| was at length carried | transmitted to Babylon & used in the Æra of Nabonassar & upon the conquest of Babilon by Cyrus it became the year of Persians |and at the death of Alexander it became the year of the Greeks & afterwards ye year of the Greeks counted from ye death of Alexander| & at length Iulius Cæsar corrected it by adding a day in every four years & the made \And then Iulius Cæsar made it the year of the Romans/ But the Persians corrected it by adding a month of 30 days to ye end of every 120 years, so that it might always begin in spring as at its first institution, & Iulius Cæsar corrected it by adding a day in every four years \& made it the year of the Romans, & if {sic}/ & Pope Gregory has made a new \further/ correction by adding omitting a day at ye end of every hundred years except once in 400 years. This correction makes the year perplext. Had a week let it The best correction would be to omit a week at ye end of every nine hundred years. ffor this \is exacter then the Gregorian &/ would make no disturbance in the Dominical letters, & cycle of the sun/ a week were omitted at ye end of every 900 years it would be

wch year is too long by a week in 900 years.

[Editorial Note 71]

For the invention of ye Egyptian letters is by Sanchoniatho Tacitus /Socrates\ & {Dio}dorus ascribed to Diodorus Thoth ye secretary of Osiris & Isis & therefo

The first was the secretary of Osiris, the second \was/ Athothes whom Manetho & Eratosthenes make ye successor of Menes & of whom Manetho saith that he built the royal Palace in Memphys & wrote books of Anatomy being a Physitian The invention of letters the Egyptian letters is ascribed to ye first. Yet in the days & for long afte Till his days & for a good while after they used Hiero the Hieroglyphical writing as appears by the Obelisks made by Sesostris & some of his successors. But when the letters invented by this Mercury began to be in use, the second Me Menes set down the laws \of Egypt/ in writing & the {illeg} translated ye Hieroglyphic inscriptions into books the kings of Egypt caused {illeg} \{illeg}/ {sic} hieroglyphic inscriptions to be {illeg} set down in books began to use written laws & {illeg} |& the secretary of the secretary of Menes \State/ wrot of Egypt down the laws of Egypt & translated the sacred inscriptions into books for ye use of the Temples, & this was done done in the reign of Menes whose secretary was therefore called ye second Mercury.| the Hierogliphic inscriptions were translated into books & this was done in the days of Athothes Menes & his \whose/ secretary Athothes wrote down the laws & translated the inscriptions.] Pliny tells us |yt| Anticlides literas in Ægypto invenisse quindecim annis quendam nomine Menona tradidit quindecim annis ante Phoroneum antiquissimum Græiæ regem idqꝫ monumentis approp|b|are conatur. Menon or Menas is Menes, & this record gives us his age by a double character yt {sic} first that he lived when letters began first to be used in Thebais, & by that is \in or/ presently after the reign days of Osiris Isis & Thoth. After Thoth had invented ye Characters |&| Menes & his secretary bough hem into use.

<188r>

Sir Isaac Newton
Master and Worker to
her Majt: Mint

As the antiquities of the Assyrians have been magnified, so have those of the Chaldeans. ffor Diodorus tells us that the when Alexander was in Asia the Chaldeans recconed 470000 years since they first began to observethe motions of the starrs.

For writing was in use \among the Israelites/ in the days of Moses & perhaps some ages before, whereby their wch consideration alone gives \is sufficient to give/ a reputation to the sacred history above all so much above so the histories of Manetho, Berosus, Ctesias, Herodotus Megasthenes Diodorus \Sanchoniatho/ or any other of the heathen historians.

We need not wonder therefore that Egypt made no great figure in the world before the expulsion of the shepherds; that the kingdom wch by their expulsion \of Thebais wch by expelling them/ extended it self over all Egypt including Thebais, after it had conquered Libya & Ethiopia \& was {illeg}/ lastly overcame the rest of the world \nations/ from the straits mouth to India then divided into every where into small kingdoms & destitute of \horses &/ armour of iron; that the Amazonian weomen in their army of Egypt using weapons of iron & horses made so great a figure in this army; \&/ that Pul, after the Assyrians were \had been/ captivated (perhaps by the Egyptians) was the first king of |who extended the dominion of| Nineveh who reigned over all Assyria \over all the/ the {sic} Province of Assyria. While the world was but thinly peopled, & every father divided his territory amongst his children \sons/ & every child \son found room to/ built|d| a new city town for his family & servants \till {their cities were} {illeg}/, & every founder of a town became its king & every city had its king till they \either/ conquered one another or united into one by consent under a common king; & these kingdoms compared wth those now standing were \continued very/ small & numerous; its impossible to give an exact account of things, especially where letters were not in use. They were in use in Israel in the days of Moses & perhaps some ages before: for \Moses/ wrote the \words of the/ law upon tables of stone & in bo\o/ks, & he & Ioshua brought down the history of the Israelites to their own times, & their] but & the Acts of the Iudges & kings of Israel & Iudah have been transmitted down to us in writing. The Acts of the kings of Tyre were entred in writing from the days of Abibalus & Hirom but are lost. The Acts of the Persians were entred in books from the days of Cyrus but are lost. Solon Herodotus & Manetho were the oldest writers of the acts of Egypt. [The Acts of the kings of Egypt before the invasion of Egypt by the Assyrians are {illeg} written delivered by Solon Herodotus & Manetho in a very confused manner, being perhaps destroyed by the Assyrians The history of Assyria \Media/ & Babylon is not to be met with except in scripture & the Canon of Ptolomy.] What were the genuine records of Egypt & Chaldea \&|M|edia & Persia/ before the Assyrians invaded them is unknown. Herodotus, Megasthenes, Berosus & Manetho were the fir oldest historians of the Greeks, Persians, Chaldeans & Egyptians & what they say of these nations before the beginning of the Olympiads is confused & obscure

And while the world was but thinly peopled, & kingdoms were small & numerous & letters were not yet in use an exact account of the times \particular kingdoms/ is not to be expected for want of sufficient Records. It may suffice {to have} shewed in general that the \antiquities of the/ Egyptians, Syrians, Assyrians, Chaldeans, & Greeks \are made too {illeg} \great/ by their historians/ & to have given an account of the darke ages much more consonant to reason & the \consistent with the agreeable to the course of nature & to the more consonant to the/ Scriptures {illeg} suffice wch are \by far/ the oldest records now extant. And having brought down this general account of the times \to the beginning of the Olympiads & Æra of Nabonassar/ without undertaking to be exact \{illeg}/ in describing the histories of paricular kingdoms, it remains now that I proceed to the times beginning wth the Olympiads & the Æra of Nabonasser & consider the great Empires wch have risen since the fabulous ages [& having been more lasting & better recorded are more celebrated in the]

1875(4330127 027508660 0249 002600 002589 0000110000 0000086601 0000023399 000001732 0000006079 0000006062 0 2679492. 43.30127. 905861:60gr 00000005435166 5235988) 5435166 (10∟380400000 5235988 199178 207608(7∟158( 157080 203000000000 42098 0046000000000 41888 1700000000 210 EB,BC = FB,Bn HB,BC = FB,Bn FB.HB BC.Bn FB.Hg 13 AB.Bn FK.AK 13 AB.Bn 3FK.AK AB.Bn. 0 Dato angulo FOA, datur LFAO. et inde datur ejus sinus GO vel AE of sinus OE 000  & sinus versus BE MO.FOOE.OL. & 3LB.BEAB(FAO)Bn. 0 18 APAD = 12 LDDN. LD 13 AP AD.DN. or LD 13 ED PD.DN. 00 PD= 2 tang  12 AOD 000000 3LD.2 ED  tang  12 AOD sin tang  DN. 00 Datis  AO,FO,AOF , datur  FAO= AOD, ut et LO,OE, ED. 00 datis  & tang 12 AOD  et sin  DN AO+FOA FQ.FM tang12 AQ. tang OFAOAF 2 00 MO.FO sin  OAF.LO. 000 OE= Cosin OAF. 000 ED= sin vers DAF. 00 3LDED 20Tang 12 AOD. sin  DN 000000 R sin OFAOA  sin  AOF.LE 000000 Area MAQM= 1∟5707693. Pars tertia= 05235988 000000 Δ=V0∟1875= 0.4330127. Segmentu reliq 0.0905861. 000000 altitudo segm. 0 0.8660254= 0,1339746. 000000 Ejus 23 partes= 0.08931673.  Error 175 000000 1566 9.1 2 lang 30gr =1,1547. 0 0∟1283= 5t  erroris

Sep. 2 Delivered to my Ld H. Treasurer 20 Medals weighing 14oz 13dwt 7gr.

0000000000 AMAQM= 1∟5707963. 0000000000 Ejus pars tertia= ASDO= 0,5235988 00000000000 ADO =316 =0∟1875 =0∟4330127 000000000000 Segm.ASNA= 0∟0905861. 0000000 AP= 4AS 4OT= 43∟4641016= 05358984.0 16AP= 0∟893164 ATDO Segm.ASDO.ASDA 0∟5235988. 0 0∟0905861 Arc  ASD. Arc ND 60gr 05∟4351660∟5235988 =1

1200Sari =43 0x0 years. 000 Sarus = 63x0 years 00.00 Sarus 00 3600 0 ann. 24300000 126x 0 72000 75600 432000

{illeg} In tractatu quem anno 1666 conscri{illeg}it In tractatu quem de his rebus scribsit anno 1666 & in alio tractatu quem \scripsit anno 1671 Newtonius/Newtoniis promun fluxonis /exposuit\ quantitat{illeg}|es| fluente{illeg} \{illeg} {illeg}|O|literas U/ x y et z capsus\& carum fluxiones/ per literas p, q, e, s, semper usurpando p. pro fluxione ipsius v, q per fluxione ipsius x, & r et s per fluxionibus ipsarum {illeg}|y| et z respective Et nonnunquam p{illeg}nendo Et \nonnunquam/ in tractatu priore usus est alijs symbolis ut X, X, X, X, X fluxione fluxiam fluxionis

<189v>

Ægyptus the founder of the Kingdom of Sicyon was the brother of Phoroneus & therefore this kingdom was

I have hitherto taken a view of the times reputed fabulous by the Greeks & Latins & shewed that before the reign of Pul & the beginning of the Olympiads there were no greate Empires in the world except that of Egypt founded by Ammon & Sesak wch was but of short continuance \& upon the death of Sesak fell in pieces/. Its impossible to give an exact account of those early ages for want of sufficient records. I content my self with having shewed in general that the Ass Egyptians, Syrians Assyrians \Chaldees Babylonians/ & Greeks have made their anitquities very much greater then the truth, & \with having/ in some measure \having reduced/ rectified the extravagant chronologies of those nations, \{illeg}/ & given an idea of those early ages more consonant to \reason &/ the scriptures. It remains now that I consider the great Empires wch have risen since the beginning of the Olympiads, & \wch/ being more lasting |end of the fabulous ages & have been more lasting & better recorded & are| more celebrated in the world & of wch we have bettter records.

Chap. 1
Of the Assyrian Empire

{illeg}

<190r>

Ex Pausania.

The Golden age lasted till Rhea commended the new born Iupiter to custody of the Idæi Dactyli other {sic} called Curetes, inhabiting the foot of Mount Ida in Crete. Paus. l. 5. c. 7

Teucer married ye daughter of Cinyras. Pausan. l. 1. c. 3.

Ab Erechthonio colonia in Eubæam deducta est ib. l 1. c 5

Rharus married one of the daughters of Amphictiones \Amphictyon/ & by her had Triptolemus Pausan. l. 1. c. 14

Venus Vrania was first worshipped by the Assyrians & from them her worship came to ye Paphij in Cyprus & from them to ye Phœnicians in Ascalon & from ym to the Cythereans ib. l. 1. c 14

Bellum Amazonum cum Atheniensibus. ib. l. 1 c 15

Vulcanus recens natus a Iunone abjectus postea vino delinitus a Libero in cœlum reducitur. l. 1. c. 20

Ion dux Atheniensium in bello contra Eleusinios. Pausan l 1. c. 31. De bello illo vide Pausan De bo l 1. c. 38, 27

In the reign of Car the son of Phoroneus Temples were first built to Ceres in Megara Megareus the son of Neptune residing at Onchestus went from thence with a body of Bœotians to assist Nisus \the son of Pandion/ against Minos & was slain in battel. Pausan l. 1. c. 40, 41.

The daughter of Pandion was married to Scyron the son of Pylas the son of Cleson the son of Lelex. Sciron contended with Nisus the son of Pandion about the kingdom. Megareus the son of Neptune married Iphinoe the daughter of Nisus and succeeded Nisus in the kingdom. Pausan l. 1. c. 40

Lelex Ægyptius ib. l. 1. c. 44. Minos classe bellum infert Niso. ib.

ffastigia templorum Græci Aquilas vocant Pausan l. 2. c. 7

Iupiter Machinator ib l. 2. c. 22.

Amazones a Theseo victi ib. l. 2. c. 32. & l 1. c. 2

Perieri e Gorgophone nati sunt Aphareus & Leucippus. Hi patre mortuo in Messene regnarunt. Aphareus urbem Arenem in Messenia condidit sic dictam ab uxore sua Oebali filia & Neleum Crethei filium, Æoli (qui cognomento appellatus est Neptunus) nepotem patruclem suum Piliæ ex Solco minas fugientem domo recepit sua & agri ei partem maritimam assignavit in qua erat Pylos Nelei regia Neleus autem erat pater. Nelei autem filius erat Nestor. Venit autem Arenem et Lycus Pandionis filius quo tempore et ipse fratris Ægei fratris minas sui metu Athenis profugit & hic quidem magnarum dearum orgia Aphareo et liberis Andaneam deportata tradidit. Aphareo autem filij duo fuere Idas et Lynceus argonautæ. Pausan l 4. c 1, 3.

Ammon in Africa dictus est a pastore qui templa Iovi dedicarunt, Belus Babylone a Belo Ægyptio Libyes filio. Pausan l. 4. c. 23.

Nauplienses a Nauplio Amymones filio in coloniam deducti sunt et a conditore est ea colonia Nauplia nuncupata. ib l 4. C. 35.

Neptunus equorum et turritarum velatorumqꝫ navium largitor. ib. l. 7. c. 21.

Pelasgus cum regnare cœpisset primum quidem rudes homines docuit tiguria ad frigoris imbrium & æstus incommoda arcenda, ædificare. Idem tunicas facere instituit e suillis corij qualibus his ipsis temporibus in Eubæa et Phocide tenuiores homines utuntur. Ad hæc cum vulgo virente adhuc fronde herbisqꝫ ac radicibus non modo non cibarijs sed plerumqꝫ noxijs perniciosis incautius vescerentur, salubriores multo glandes esse neqꝫ omnes sed quæ e sola fago legerentur, persuasit. – – – Ejus filius Lycaon Lycusuram urbem in monte Lycæo condidit, Iovem Lycæum appellavit ludosqꝫ in ejus honorem lupercalia instituit. – – – Panathenæa primum Athenæ vocata. In Olympicis ludis Iovem cum Saturno luctatum & Curetas primos cursu certasse memoriæ proditum est. – – Lycaon & Cecrops synchroni. Quale Cecropis regnum & religio. Pausan l 8. c. 2. Tertia post Pelasgum ætate regio tota & urbium & hominum numero magnos habuit processus. Nam cum Nyctimus Lycaonis liberum natu maximus paternum imperium adisset, reliqui sibi diversis ab arbitrio quisqꝫ suo agri partibus occupatis oppida muniere. At natu minimus Oenotrus viris a fratre Nyctimo acceptis classe in Italiam transmisit {illeg} a quo fuit ea in qua consedit terra Oenotria dic{ta} vocitata. Atqꝫ hæc prima a Græcis colonia deducta. Sed neqꝫ barbaræ gentes ante <190v> Oenotrum ad exteras gentes commigrasse reperiuntur. Ib. c. 3. Mortuo Nyctimo Arcas Callistus filius regnum suscepit. Hic et fumentum a Triptolemo \acceptam/ popularibus suis tradidit, & panem facere docuit & vestium texturam totumqꝫ lanificium quod ab Adrista didicerat, monstravit. ib. c. 4. Auge filia Alei, filij Aphidentis filij Acadis Arcadis cum Hercule Alcmenæ filio concubuit. ib. Ancæus Argonauta ab Apro Chalidonio post \ante patris obitum/ occisus, filius fuit Lycurgi filij Alei. ib c. 4.

Communis ara Herculis et Musarum Plutarch. Quæst. Rom. p. 278.

Argivi ex agris in planiciem ab Inacho primum deducti idem. Quæst. Græc. p. 303.

Historia Pelopis Laij Chrysippi & Hippodamiæ. Vide Plutarch. p. 313.

Ægyptus {illeg} \Beli/ filius. Pausan. l. 7. c. 21.

<192r>

Vicite nunc Musæ cœlestia templa tenentes

Ex quo sulcavit nigri Bacchus maris undas

Quæ bona contulerit navi mortalibus atra. Hermippus apud Athenæum l. 1. \p. 27./

Chœreas vinum esse Babylone tradit quod Nectar indigenæ vocant. Chœr apud Athæn l. 1. p. 32.b. Therefore Bacchus & ye Gods conquered Babylonia & made some stay there.

The regio Mareotico in Egypt had its name from Maro one of the compan \who followed/ Bacchus in his wars. Athen. l. 1. p. 33.

Οινος wine had its name from Oeneus the father of Ætolus & grandson of Orestes the son of Deucalion. Hecatæus Mil. apud Athen. l. 2. p. 35.

Amphictyon king of Athens learnt of Bacchus to temper wine with water Philichorus apud Athen. l. 2. p. 38. Staphylus writi (apud Athen. p 45) ascribes the manner of diluting wine to Melampus.

The \Egyptians say that the/ Pipe called Monaulos was invented by Osiris & so was the Cornet or oblique pipe called Photinx. Iuba apud Athen. l. 4. p. 175. The pipe compacted of many reeds was invented by Silenus. Euphorion apud Athen. l. 4. p. 184

The golden lamb of Areus was a golden cup with the figure of a lamb engraved upon it. Herodorus Heracleotes apud Athen. l. 6. p. 231.

Euanthes writes that Glaucus the son of Neptune & Nais lay with Ariadne in the Island Dia when she was left there by Theseus. Apud Athen. l. 7. p 296.

Hercules the son of Iupiter & Asterea going into Libya was slain by Typhon. This Hercules when he went about ye world was delighted with Quailes & therefore the Phenicians offer Quailes to Hercules. Eudoxus apud Athen. l. 9. p 339.

Bacchus & Venus were both of them in love with Adonis the son of Cinyras. Athenæus l. 10. p 457. Plutarch. Quæstione 5 lib. 4 Symp.

Sardanapalus Anacindaraxis filius, ut alij. Anabaxaris. Athen. l. 12. p. 528

Cleitarchus libro quarto de Alexandro Sardanapalum ait vita senio decessisse, Syriæ tamen imperio spoliatum Athen l 12 p 530.

Amyntas libro tertio περὶ των σταθμων altum esse tradit in Nino {illeg} aggerem dirutum esse tradi & detractum humi a Cyro, cum, illa civitate obsidione cincta, prope mœnia terræ tumulos erigeret. Aggerem illum ut fama percrebuit, Sardanapali sepulchrum fuisse qui regnarit in civitate Nino, Chaldicisqꝫ literis exaratum in saxeis pylis elogium quod metrorum lege ac numeris Chærilus sic vertit

Ego regnavi et quamdiu lucem solis sum intuitus

Bibi, comedi, Venerem exercui, quia scirem

Breve tempus esse quo vivunt mortales &c. Athen. l. 12 p. 529, 530.

Athenas primus Cecrops unam esse unius edicto sanxit Athen. l. 13. p. 555.

Bacchus brought vines from the Red Sea into Greece. Athen. l. 15. p. 675.

Laius tarrying wth Pelops, ravished his young son Chrysippus. Athen l. 13. p. 603.

Nemo [ex Ducibus Alexandri] Eumene vivo Rex appelatus est sed Præfectus. Cornelius Nepos in Eumene.

Templorum si quæris quis prior fuerit fabricator, aut Phoroneus Ægyptius, aut Merops tibi fuisse monstrabitur: aut, ut tradit in admirandis Varro, Iovis prògenies. Æacus. Arnobius adv. Gentes l. 6. p. 191.

Æs antiquissimum quod est flatum pecore, pecore est notatum. Varro de re rust. l. 2. p. 60.

Eupolemus libro de Iudææ Regibus ait, Mosem primum fuisse sapientum atqꝫ ab eo datam literaturam Iudæis quæ ab Iudæis ad Phœnicas pervenerit. Grot. de veritate. l. 1. p. 29.

Apud Romanos communis erat ara Herculis et Musarum. Plutarch. Quæst. Rom. p. 279.

Fatale erat Persas Asiæ Imperio a Macedonibus privari nec secus ac Medos a Persis et Assyrios olim a Medis. Amian. l. {illeg} 2. p. 83.

<192v>

Erat in urbe Tyri templum Herculis memoria hominum vetustissimum celeberrimumqꝫ, non illius quidem Herculis qui Argivus fuit Alcmenæ filius. Multis enim ante sæculis Tyri colebatur Hercules, quam Cadmus e Phœnicia profectus Thebas occupaverat multoqꝫ ante quam Semele Cadmi filia esset nata ex qua Bacchus Iovis filius. Bacchus enim tertius a Cadmo. Polydorus enim tertius a Ca namqꝫ Cadmi filius, Polydori Labdacus, cujus temporibus ipse Bacchus claruit. Hercules vero argivus {illeg}|Oedipodis| Laij tempore temporibus. Colunt et Ægyptij alium Herculem, neqꝫ eundem quem Tyrij et Græci. – Quapropter Herculem illum qui apud Tartesios in Hispania colitur a quo columnæ nomen sumpserunt, Tyrium arbitror, eo quod Tartesus a Tyris condita est, temploqꝫ in ea urbe Phœnicum structura ædificato, Herculi sacrum faciunt. {illeg} Arrian. l. 2. p. 102.

Alexander magnus Herculi Te Tyrio apud Tyrum sacificium {sic} et ludos egit. Arrian l. 2 p. 115. & l 3 p. 127.

Polyphemus in the vigour of his warred age sided with the Lapithæ in their war against the Centaurs & when he began to grow corpulent \& heavy/ with age \he/ sailed with the Argonauts. Apollon. l. 1. p v. 43. |So yt there were about 15 or 20 years between that war & the Argonautic expedition.|

Acrissius built Larissa so named from Larissa the daughter of Pelasgus. Scholiast. in Apollon l. 1. v. 40.

Chiron was born of \Saturn &/ Philyra when Saturn reigned & Iupiter was educated among the Idæi Dactyli. Apollon l 2. v. 1237

Æotus was the father of Phrixus \Cretheus/ & Athamas. Cretheus was the father of Æson the father of Iason & Athamas was the father of Phryxus & Helle. Apollon Argon. 3. v. 360. |Æson was bedrid with old age at ye arg. expedit. ib. l. 1. v. 264.|

Bacchus left his purple cloak to his son Thoas & he left it to his daughter Hypsipyte. Apollon Argonaut. 4. v 426. This cloak was \made/ for Bacchus by the Nymphs in the Island Dia or Naxus. (ib.) & he left it there to Thoas.

In the time of ye Argonautic expedition Theseus was a prisoner being taken in his expedition with Perithous for stealing Proserpina. Apollon. l. 1. v. 100.

Minyas the father of Clymene. Phylacus & Clymene the parents of Gphiclus \Æson/ & {sic} Alcmede. Æson & Alcmeda \of Iason/. Apollon. Argon & Scholiast lib 1. v 45, 233.

Canthus & Mopsus the Argonauts died in Africa. Canthus was the son of Canethus the son of Abas from whom Eubœia was called Abantia. Apollon & Schol. l. 1. v. 81.

Telamo & Peleus the sons of Aeacus having slain their brother Phocus fled from Ægina, & Telamo reigned in Salamis an island of Attica & Peleus in Pathia \whence they came to the Argonautic expedition/. Apollon & Scholiast l 1. v. 90.

Alcon the A Phalerus the Argonaut the son of Alcon the son \(or grandson)/ of Erechtheus Apollon. & Scholiast. l 1. v 97

P{illeg}h Phlias the Argonaut the son of Bacchus, reigned in Arathyria neare the fountains of Asopus a river \of Thebes/ so called from Asopus the father of Ægina the mother of {illeg} Aeacus. {illeg}. Apollon Argonaut & Scholiast. l. 1. p v. 117

Melampus the son of Amythaon the son of Cretheus, the son of Æolus the son of Hellen the son of Iupiter & Dorippe. Scholiast. \in/ Apollon. l 1. v. 158.

Talaus Areius & Leodocus \Argonauts/ the sons of Bias & |of| Perô the daughter of Neleus. Apollon. Arg. l 1. v. 118, 119. Bias was the brother of Melampus.

Io is by Ovid called Phoronides & therefore was the grandchild of Inachus. She was younger then Niobe the daughter of Phoroneus. ffor Niobe was the first woman wth whom Iupiter lay.

Melampus contemporary to Gphiclus {illeg} the brother Æson \of Æson/ & sister Alcmede the parents of Iason Apollon. Argon. l. 1. v 121.

Nauplius the Argonaut the son of Amymone the daughter of Danaus. ib. p. 137.

Argus not the king of Argos but ye keeper of Io & so contemporary to Phoroneus.

Idmon the Argonaut an Augur from Argos. He was the reputed son of Abas the son of Melampus the son of Amythaon the son of Cretheus the son of Æolus. ib p|v|. 142. 143 |& Scholiast.|

<193r>

Læda the mother of Castor & Pollux was reputed the daughter of Thespius king of Ætolia & son of Mars & Androdice but was really the daughter of Glaucus the son of Sisyphus: her mother Pantidyia being first got with child by Glaucus & then married to Sisyphus Thespius. Apollon & Scholiast l. 1. v. 146.

Nauplius the Argonaut of the family of Danaus was the son of Clytonaus the son of Naubalus the son of Lernus the son of Prætus the son of Nauplius This Prætus was the enemy of Bellerophon. ib. v. 134, 135, 136.

Lynceus & Idas the sons of Aphares & Arena were brought up with Castor & Pollux & sailed among ye Argonauts. ib. {illeg} v. 151.

Neleus king of Phylus & son of Neptune \[& {Aremo}{]}/ had several sons, Percelymenus the Argonaut, Nestor & Chromius by Chloris, Taurus, Asterion, Lycaon, Deinachus, Eurybius, Epileon, Phrasis, Antimone, Alastor by other weomen ib. v. 155.

Ancæus the son of Lycurgus the eldest son of Aleus, & Amphidamas & \Cepheus/ the younger sons of Aleus the son of Aphidas the son of Arcas \ye son of Calisto the son|dau|\ghter/ of Lycaon/ were Argonauts coming from Tegea in Arcadia where Aphidas reigned. ib. p. 161. Aleus was alive at the T Argonautic expedition \(ib.)/ & therefore about 75 year {sic} old, & therefore Lycaon was born about 176 years before ye Argonautic expedition & flourished in the reign of Samuel; |& his father Pelasgus was born 200 or 210 years before ye Trojan war, that is 20 years before Samuel.|

Augeas whose stable Hercules cleansed was one of the Argonauts. He was ye son of Phorbas by the daughter of Neleus, or as others say, of Nycteus. ib. v. 172.

Several sons of Neptune were Argonauts as Euphemus Erginus & Ancæus.

Meleager the young son of Oeneus was one of ye Argonauts, & Laocoon the brother of Oeneus was another, being sent by Oeneus as govenour {sic} of his young son Meleager. So that Meleager at ye time of ye Argonautic expedition might be about 20 years of age & Oeneus about 45 or 50. Apollodor. l. 1. v. 190.

Liberum Orpheus a gigantibus dixit esse discerptum. Nam idem est Liber pater cum Osiride. Servius in Georg. 1 p. 67.

Berenice est civitas Libyæ unde haud longe sunt horti Hesperidum. Servius in Æneid. l. IV. sect. 48. Hesperides sunt filiæ Atlantis.

Sane sciendum Atlantes tres fuisse. Vnum Maurum qui est maximus Alterum Italicum patrem Electræ unde natus est Dardanus Tertium Arcadicum patrem Maiæ unde natus est Mercurius. Servius in Æneid l. VIII sect. 11.

Anni confusio erat apud majores Nam ante Cæsarem qui nobis anni rationem composuit quam hodieqꝫ servamus, incalabatur dies ut etiam in Varrinis legimus, scilicet Lunæ non congruente ratione Annū autem \primo/ Eudoxus, post Hipparchus deinde Ptolomæus ad ultimum Cæsar deprehendit. Servius in Æneid. l V. sect. 6

Parnassus mons est Thessaliæ contra \juxta/ Bœotiam et qui in duo funditur juga Citheronem Liberi, & Heliconem Apollinis et Musarum Servius Æneid. l. 2. sect. 12.

Tethonus frater Laomedontis fuit quem prædiantem Aurora dilexit & rapuit. Servius in Georg. III. p. 121.

Agamemnon et Menelaus Plisthenis filij fuisse dicuntur. Servius in Æneid. 1. sect. 48.

Antiquus Phœnicum Belus primus fuit Assyriorum Rex. Servius in Æneid 1. sect. 68.

Venus uxor fuit Vulcani antequam cum Anchisa concumberet. Servius \in/ Ænid 1. 8. sect. 31.

Vt Hercules expugnata Troja Hesionem Priami sororem rapuit, sic Paris a Priamo cum exercitu missus expugnata. Sparta Helenam rapuit. Servius in Æneid. X. sec /7\

Orpheus Calliopes Musæ et Oeagri filius primus Orgia instituit. Musæus fuit Orphei discipulus. Servius |in| Æneid. l. 6. sect. 65.

The Curetes came into Greece about ye same time with Cadmus. For \Phorbas/ their king was slain by Erechtheus. Meursius the de Regno Attico l. 2. p. 125.

Erechtheus γηγ. νέος terrigena Herodoto lib. 8 & Neptunus Atheniensibus. Meursius de Regno Athen. l. 2. p. 128, 129

Dædalus the son of Metion the son of Erechtheus. Meu\r/sius l. 2 p. 133

Cecrops came first to Cyprus, then to Crete & then to Athens. Meurs. de Regno Athen. l. 1. p. 3{illeg} 59. He sent Argus to Sicily & Libya for corn. ib p. 35. & was the first who bought silver <193v> to Athens & coined money. Meursius de Regn. Athen. l. 2. p 83.

De Druidibus Plinius l. 16 Hist. Nat. c. ult. Luna quæ principia mensium annorumqꝫ his facit. scil. Druidibus. Grot. de verit. l. 1. p. 97.

Pellanios. Neptunus in Libya Cyrene. Hesych.

Ennius dicit Nilum Melonem vocari Atlantem vel|r|o Telamonem. Servius in Æneid l. 1. sect 78.

Hercules alter traditus Nilo natus Ægyptius quem aiunt Phrygias literas conscripsisse: Tertius est ex Idæis Dactylis Digitis cui inferius offerunt. Quartus Iovis et Asteriæ Latonæ sororis qui Tyri maxime colitur – Quintus in India, qui Belus dicitur Cicero de natura Deorum l. 3.p. 171

Medecinam primum ab Api quodam Ægyptio inventam \priusquam Io veniret in Ægyptum/ deinde ab Æsculapio auctam ferunt Atlas ille Libycus & navim ædificavit primus & primus mare navigavit. Ægyptij cum Chaldæis Astrologiam in hominū genus principēs invenerunt &c C Clemens apud Euseb. Præp. l. 10. c. 6.

Hirasa, Irasa vel Irassa a place in Cyrene wch Pindar calls Antæi urbem.

The Greeks say that the progenitors of Acrisius were Persians Ægyptians, & had the kingdom of the Dores delivered to them. Herol|d|. l. 6. p 429.c

Cepheus Beli filius, Andromadæ pater. Herodot. l. 6. p 493.c

Æthiopes qui ab ortu solis sunt [supra Ægyptum] promissos [habent] crines qui ex Africa crispissimos inter omnes homines habent

Ships of war were first rigged out by Ægæon. Plin. Nat. Hist. l. VII, c. ult.

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Nib|o|be filia Tantali, soror Pelopis, uxor Amphionis, mater Chloridis. Neleus filius Hippocoontis uxor \maritus/ Chloridis ex qua procreavit liberos masculos duodecim. Hercules cum Nelem Pylum expugnaret Naleum cum decem ejus filijs interfecit. Vndecimus erat Periclimenus \Argonauta/, duodecimus Nestor qui in Ilio fuit. Hygin. Fab. IX, X, XIV.

Adrastus filius Talai, filij Biantis, filij Amythaonis, filij Cretei, filij Æoli. Scholiast {in} Euripdes. Adrastus dat filias juvenibus, majorem Argiam Polynici ex qua nascitur The{illeg} minorem Deipylam Tydeo ex qua nascitur Diomedes qui ad Trojam pugnavit. Hyg{illeg} LXIX. \& Schol./ Ergo coetanei Polynices & Diomedes \Tydeus/ & bellum Thebanum vix quinuenni{illeg}num præcessit & Laius duabus generationibus sive 54 annis antiquior Diomede, una \fere/ at{illeg} {an}tiquior Argonautis

{illeg} Hippodamia Pelopis uxor filia Oenomai & Euaretes. Oenomaus filius Martis {&} Asteropes Atlantis filiæ. {illeg} Evarete flia Acrisij. Hygin. fab. 84.

Laius Chrysippum Pelopis filium nothum rapuit.

Palamedes the grandson of Atreus. Feb 118 in Schol.

Vulcanus, quem jecit Iupiter ex Olympo, cum a limine Dio in lemnum {illeg}isset, æronam exercuit, ut qui mutilatus esset pedibus. Clemens Admon ad gentes. p. 18.

Athenodorus dicit Sesostrim Ægyptium regem, cum plurimas Græcorum subjungasset gentes, reversum in Ægyptum, et artifices adduxisse multos, et rerum aliquem ejus jussu Briaxem quendam finxisse simulachrum pulcherrimum {illeg} {illeg} Serapidis simulachrum. Clemens Alexandr. Admonit. ad Gentes p. 32.

Pythagoras shewed that Zoroaster was a Persian. Clem Strom. 1. p. 304.

The Romans had no statues for 170 years. Clem. ib. p. 304.

Chiron invented the constellations. Clemens p ib. p 306.

Phanothea Icarij uxor invenit Heroicum hexametrum. \Clemens/ ib. p. 309

Acusilaus dicit Phoroneum primum hominem. Clemens ib. p. 321.

Apis est tertius ab Inacho. Clemens ib. p. 323.

Acusilaus saith that Pelasgus, from whom Peloponnesus was called Pelasgia was the son of Iupiter & Niobe. Apollodor l. 2. p. 68. Argus Apis \the son of I/ being slain by the fraud of Thelxion & Telchin was succeeded by Argus the son of Iup \But Hesiod makes Pelasgus αυτόχθονα/ Apis the son of Phoroneus reigning tyranically was slain by the fraud of Thelxion & Telchin & Phoroneus gave the kingdom to Argus the son of Iupiter & Niobe, {illeg} & Argus was the father of Iasus Piranthus Epidaurus & Criasus. Apollodor ib. p. 67, 68. {illeg} Hesiod makes

The Greek Scholiast upon Æschylus (in Prometheo vers. 351) saith that the war between Iupiter & the Titans lasted ten years.

Cleopatra the wife of Phineus was the daughter of Erechtheus. Sextus Empiricus c. 12. p. 52.

Megasthenes saith that Hercules who went as far as India used the same habit of body with the Theban Hercules. He had many wives & children, 500 Elephants, 4000 horsmen & 130000 foot & went over all the earth & sea. Arrian. Indica p. 174.

Theothyrsis the Scythian going from Scythia conquered many nations of Asia Idem. ib. p. 172.

The Egyptians affirm that ye Chaldeans in Babylon are Egyptian colonies & their Astrologers have attained to that degree of reputation by the knowledge they have learnt of the Egyptian Priests. Diodor. l. 1. c. 6.

Hercules the son of Alcmene the daughter of Electryo & Eurydice. Electryo the son of Perseus & Andromeda. Eurydice the daughter of Pelops. Diodor l. 4. c. 1.

Hercules cut of a horn of the river Achelous, that is cut of \stopt up/ one of its channels Analthea's horn a river with fertile meadows bearing all manner of fruits according to the interpretation of ye ancients. Diodor. l. 5. c. 2.

The inhabitants of Majorca & Minorca lived originally in caves of the earth And in |ye| steep|est| sides of rocky mountains Diodor. l. 5. c. 1.

The Argonauts sailed as far as Italy & the coasts of Adria. Strabo. l. 1. p. 21.

Danaus quod Oirgis aquatica instrumenta demonstrasset et Atreus quod solis cursum cœli conversioni contrarium docuisset, reges sunt creati. Strabo l. 1 p 23.d.

Sesostrim \qui/ conatus fuit istmum perfodere, destitisse ab incepto ferunt cum maris superficiem esse sublimiorem suspicantur. Strab. l. 1. p. 38.

Migrationes Carum, Trerum, Teucrorum, Galatarum, ducumqꝫ longinquæ peregrinationes Madyis Scythæ, Tearco Æthiopis, Cobi Trois, Sesostris ac Psammitici Ægyptiorum Persarum a Cyro usqꝫ ad Xerxem, non itidem omnibus notæ sunt. Ac Cynmeris quos et Trerones appellant, aut quædam {eorum} natio, sæpe incursiones fecerunt in <194v> in {sic} dextram Ponti partem & ijs contigua, madorin Paphlagoniam, alias in Phrygiam irrumpentes; quando etiam \Midas/ tauri poto sanguine obijt: Lygdanus vero suos ducens usqꝫ ad Lydiam et Soniam est progressus, ac Sardes cepit, perijt in Cilicia. Sæpe autem Cimmerij & Treres hujusmodi fecerunt incursiones ac Treras et Cobum tandem a Madye Cimmerorum rege expulsos aiunt. Strabo l. 1. p. 61.

In insula Sardinia, quatuor sunt montanæ gentes, Tarati, Soosinate, Baiari, Aconites, in speluncis habitantes. Strabo. l. 5. p. 225.

A promontorio Cajetta [in australe littore Italiæ] ingentes aperiuntur speluncæ in quibus magnæ sunt ac sumptousæ ædes. Strabo l 5 p 233

De Peloponneso Hecatæus Milesius tradit eam ante Græcos fuisse habitatam a Barbaris. Et quidem fere tota Græcia antiquitus barbarorum {illeg} fuit sedes, quod ex hisce his ratiocinari licet quæ memoriæ prodita sunt. Nam et Pelops e Phrygia secum adduxit populum in denominatā ab ipso Peloponnesum, et Danaus ex Ægypto, et Dryopes, Caucones, Pelasgi, Leleges, alijqꝫ eorum similes intra isthmum sita obtinuerunt: Strabo l. 7. p. 321.

Lelegas alij cum Caribus eosdem faciunt, alij tantum eorum inquitinos et commilitones.       Quæ nunc Ionia dicitur universa fuit olim a {Lelegibus} & Caribus habitata, quam istis pulsis Iones occuparunt. Strabo. l. 7. p. 321.

Ephorus ait Oraculum Dodonæum a Pelasgis fuisse fundatum: quos fama fert eorum qui in Græcia dominati sunt fuisse antiquissimos. Homeri est hoc:

Dodonæe Pelasgice Iuppiter. Strab l 7 p. 3267

Varia de Cauconibus feruntur. Nam Arcadicam fuisse gentem perhibent ut et Pelasgos et similiter vagam. Strabo l 8. p. 344|5|. Quidam totam quæ nunc Elea dicitur Cauconiam appellatam fuisse affirmant. Itaqꝫ Antimachus incolas universos Epeos et Cauconas nominat Strabo ib. p 345.

Vero propius est usqꝫ ad vigesimam sextam \a prima/ Olympiadem in qua [prima] cursu vicit Choræbus Eleus, cum templo tum certamini præfuisse Eleos. – – – – – {et} tripus erat præmium {illeg} quo erant cursu decertaturi, at post vigesimam sextam Olympiadem victores coronabantur. Ac Pisæi quidem recuperatis suis rebus, certamen illud procurarunt. – – – Posterioribus autem temporibus, cum ditio Pisæorum rursus ad Eleos redijsset, ad eosdem certaminis illius redijt procuratio adjuvenuntqꝫ hos Lacedemonij, Messeneis ultimo oppressis. – – – – Et quidem eousqꝫ Spartani Eleos juverunt ut omnis quæ ad Messenem est usqꝫ est ditio Elea appellata fuerit idqꝫ nomen hodieqꝫ obtineat, cum Pisæorum, Cauconum & Triphyliorum ne nomina quidem supersint. Strabo l. 8. p. 355.

Pheido Argivus decimus ab Hercule & omnibus suæ tempestates principibus potentia præstans (qua usus et totam Temeni successionem in plures divulsam partes ad se recepit, et mensuras invenit quæ Pheidoneæ dicuntur, atqꝫ pondera et monetam cum aliam tum argenteam procudit) is ergo Pheido præter alia facinora adortus est etiam eas urbes quas quondam Hercules ceperat, sibiqꝫ hos vindicavit, ut ea ipse certamina procuraret, quæ ab Hercule fuerant instituta: de quorum numero fuit {illeg} et an Olympicum. Et quidem in Olympiam profectus obtinuit ut ipse certamini isti præesset: cum neqꝫ Eleis ad propulsandum arma essent in diuturna versatis pace, neqꝫ alijs, quos ille potentia sua oppresserat. Elei autem non retulerunt in tabulas istam certaminis inscriptionem: sed armis paratis defendere se ceperunt, usi ad hoc auxilio Lacedemoniorum.      – – Et ope usi Eleorum Spartani Pheidonem everterunt, et Eleis ad obtinendam Pisatidem ac Triphiliam adjumento fuerunt. Strabo. l. 8 p 358.

A Nauplia specus sunt et in ijs ædificati labyrinthi quæ Cyclopeia dicuntur. Strabo l. 8. p. 360|9|.a.

Troezen et Pittheus Pelopis filij e Pisatide profecti sunt: quorum ille urbem sibi cognominem reliquit, hic ei succedent ibi regnavit. Strabo l 8. p. 374

Ephorus in Ægina primo argentum a Pheidone cusum esse scribit cum ea insula esset facta emporium, insulanis ob terræ sterilitatem in mari negotiantibus. Vnde et dici & cœptum, Aliquem viles Æginatarum <p195r> merces tractare. Strabo l. 8. p.376.

Acrisius primus memoratur qui Amphictyonum ordinem instituerit et urbes definierit quibus eo in consessu locus eset: singulisqꝫ suffragij lationem tribuerit, alijs pro se, alijs cum una aliqua aut pluribus alijs communicata sententia: judicia etiam ordinasse quibus urbium inter se lites disceptarentur – – – – – – – – \Tandem abolitum est illud Collegium itidem ut Achaorum./ Principio convenisse dicuntur XII cvitates marum quævis suum mitteret legatum Pylagoram dictum. Conveniebatur bis per annum, scilicet vere {sic} et autumno. Postmodo plures etiam civitates se adjunxerunt. Concilium Pylæam nominabant, vernum et autumnale qui ad Pylas hoc est Portas conveniebant, quæ etiam a calidis aquis Thermopyla appelluntur. Cerem sacrificabant Pylagoræ Strabo, l. 9. p. 420

Græci pleriqꝫ Baccho & Apollini et Hecatæ Musas deas apposuerunt {illeg} id est Musarum ductor Musagetes. Strabo l. 10. p. 466.

De {illeg}, Coribantibus, Cabiris, Idæis Dactylis, Telchinibus vide Strabonem c. 10. p. 464, 465, 466, 467, 468, 469, 470, 471, 472, 473 et l. 10 p. 654

Iason in his expedition went to the places near mount Caucasus. {illeg} Strabo l 11. p. 500. Whence came the fable that Hercules losed Prometheus.

{illeg} et Peloponnesum divitiæ e Phrygiæ metallis et Sipylo: Cadmi e Thracia et {illeg} monte in Pria{illeg} ex auri fodinis quæ apud Abydum sunt in Astyris – – – – {illeg}sidæ e metallis Bernij montis; Gygis, Alyattis et Crœsi e Lydiæ metallis apud oppidulum quoddan inter Atarneum et Pergamum, ubi metalla effoderentem {steacro} ex Cathesthene lib 14 Geog. p. 680.

Megasthenes {fidem} jubet derogare antiquis de India narrationibus. Neqꝫ cum ab Indis foras missum exercitum nusquam, neqꝫ intrinsecus ingruisse et {illeg} excepto Herculis et Bacchi expeditione et hac ipsa Macedonica. {Sine} Sesostrim Ægyptium et Tearconem Æthiopem usque in Europam procesisse Nobocodnossorum autem qui a Chaldæis magis probatur quam Hercules, usqꝫ ad columnas pervenisse, quousqꝫ etiam Tearconem, illum vero etiam exercitū ex Hispania in Thraciam Pontumqꝫ duxisse. Id an thyrsum Scytham factis in Asiam excursionibus, attegisse etiam Ægyptum ad Indiam verò eorum nemine pervenisse. Strabo l. 15. p. 686, 687.

Memnon reigned over a considerable part of Persia Strabo. l 15 p. 728.

Nulli Græcis imperaverunt præter Persas: nec ij Græcos, nec Græci illos antea noverant nisi {illeg} fama percepissent admodum exili. Non {illeg} Homerus Medorum Syrorumqꝫ imperium alioquin noverat: alioquin Ægyptas Thebas et earum et Phœnicum divitias nominans, nequaquam Babylonis Nini et coatanorum opes silentio transmisisset. Et primò quidem Græcis Persæ imperaverunt, Lydi verò non toti Asiæ sed parte {illeg} idqꝫ non diu sed duntaxat Crœsi tempore et Alyattis. Strabo l 15. p. 735.

Proteus Neptuni {illeg} Deus marinus Neptuni minister Homer Odyss. IV. v. 386|5|.

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\The expedition of/ Sesostris was one generation older then the Argon{autic} expedition. ffor \/ he Ætes whom he left in Colchos {illeg} reigned there till the Argonautick expedition. \/ < insertion from lower down f 196r > And For when he invaded Thrace he gave the kingdom of Lycurgus in Thrace to Tharops, & one of his weomen whom the Greeks called Calliope he gave to Oeagrus the son of Tharops, & Orpheus the son of Oeagrus & Calliope was one of the Argonauts. Also in his return back into Egypt{illeg} he left Æetes at Colchos, & Æetes reigned there till the Argonautic expedition. And at his entring \into/ Egypt his brother Danaus fled from him < text from higher up f 196r resumes > And when Sesostris returned into Egypt his brother Danaus fle who had behaved himself treasonably fled from {him} into Greece wth his fifty daughters, in a long ship after the pattern of wch the ship Argo was build|t|. And Argus the son of Danaus was the master builder of this ship, & Nauplius |Amymone one of the daughters of Danaus being sent by her father to find out water was got with child in the fields & brought forth| the sons of Amymone the daughter of Danaus \Nauplius who/ wer|as|e \one of the/ Argonauts \& lived till the destruction of Troy/. And if Sesostris was the great Bacchus (as I take him to be) two of his sons by Ariadne the daughter of Minos, namely         &         were Argonauts. Both were kings of Sesostris therefore was contemporary to the \{sic}/ Sesack. And both being kings of Egypt at one & the same time & great conquerors, they must be one & the same king. In They agreed in their actions. for Iosephus tells us that the He \/ < insertion from lower down f 196r > ✝ Iosephus tells us that Herodotus described the expedition of Sesac & attributed the \his/ actions to Sesostris erring only in the name of the king. Such errors ar Corruptions of names are frequent in history. Sostri Sosostris was also \otherwise/ called \also/ Sesoschris, Sesoosis, Sethosis, Sesonchis, Sesonchosis. Take away the Greek termination & the names become Sesost, Sesoch, Sesoos, Sethos & Sesonch \wch differ very little from Sesach/. As the Greeks changed Moph into Memphis so they changed Sesach into Sesonchis. < text from higher up f 196r resumes > Iosephus accounted them the same: for he saith that Herodotus ascribed |complained that Herodotus had erred in the name ascribing| the actions of Sesach to Sesostris. They agreed also in their names. |He means that Herodotus had erred described the actions of Sesach under the name of Sesostris, erring in the name.| ffor Sesostris was also called Sesochris Sesoncho|i|sis & Sesonchosis: wch if the Greek termination is be omitted, differs very little from Sesac|k|.

He means that the king of Egypt who did the things ascribed by Herodotus to Sesostris was Sesak, & that Herodotus had erred in changing the name. But such changes are frequent in History. Sesostris was also called Sethosis, Sesoosis, Sesochris Sesoosis, Sethosis, Sesonchis, Sesonchosis. Take away the Greek termination & the names become Sesoct, Sesoch. Sesoos, Sethos, Sesonch, Sesonches wch names differ very little fom Sesakch. As the Greeks changed Moph into Memphis so they changed Sesoch into Sesonchis

Of the Persian chronology.

Of Cadmus. Of the first memory of things in Europe. Of Cecrops, Lelex, Ægialeus, Inachus. Of Io & Epaphus = Isis & Osiris. Of Bachus, Ammon & Orus & Menes. Of the Atlantick history delived {sic} by Solon.

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{And}rogeus the eldest son of Minos upon his overcoming in the Games {illeg}ns, was slain out of envy suppose about ye 20th \or 24th/ of his age when he was yet impuber. Minos thereupon compel made war upon Athens & compelled the Athenians to send every eight years seven beardless young men & as many young virgins to Crete to be a reward to him that should be victor in ye like games instituted in Crete in {illeg} honour of Androgeus. Vpon the third payment of this tribute, that is \about/ 18 or 20 years after the death of Androgeus, Theseus went to Crete & got the victory being about 20 or \22 or/ 24 years old & At the |in those games & therefore was about 20 24 years younger then Androgeus & 45 years younger then Minos| & returned wth Ariadne the daughter of Minos. At that t{illeg}|i|me Minos might be about 65 \or 70/ years old, \or above a little above/ At the age a Theseus at the age of 50 years stole Helena she being then about 8 or 10 years old. When she was about 20 or 25 years old Paris stole her 20 years before the destruction of Troy. Atreus being then newly dead Whence Minos was born about 130 years before the destruction of Troy \& about/ 95 years before the Argonautic expedition & about 60 or 65 years before the expedition of Sesostris. suppose in the midle of Davids reign, or within fo thre or four years after. < insertion from lower down f 196v > ‡ 20 years younger then Androgeus & 45 years yonger {sic} then Minos & {sic} by consequence [Minos was born about ye 20th or 24th year of Davids reign, &] Europa the mother of Minos & her brother Cadmus came into Europe about the middle of Davids reign. < text from higher up f 196v resumes > And therefore Europa the mother of Minos came into & her brother Cadmus came into Europe about the middle of Davids reign or but a very few years before. Cadmus was the father of Polydorus the father of Labdacus, the father of Ædipus the father of Laius the father of Eteocles & Polynices who slew one another in the war of the seven captains at Thebes, wch I take to be about 10 or 12 years later then the Argonautic expedition. Polydorus might come into Europe wth his father Cadmus & be then of the a youth of ye same age wth Eteocles & Polynices when they slew one another \or not above ten years younger/. The Between them were four generations by the eldest sons wch or about 110 years. Count the wch at about 25 years to a generation amou to 100 years. And by this recconing \also/ the coming of Cadmus into Europe will be also about the middle of Davids reign.

Tatian in his book against the Greeks – – – – – in the reign of David as above.

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\Lelex was the father of/ Myles was the brother father {illeg} (Pausan l 3 c 1) or brother (Apol. l. 3. c. 10) of Eurotas the father of Sparte (Pausan l 3 c 1{illeg}. Apol. l. 3. c. 10.) the mother of Eurydice Amyclas the father of Cyrus & Eurydice \the/ (ib. ib) Eurydice was the wife of Acrisius & mother of Danae the mother of Perseus the father of {illeg} \the father of Gorgophone/ (ib. ib) & Amyclas was the father of Cynortes the father of Perieres the husband of Gorgophone |father of Ocbalus & first Perieres was the first husband of Gorgophone & Oebalus ye 2d| Therefore Amyclas & Eurydice were 3 or 4 generations younger then Lelex & 3 or 4 Generations older then Perieres \Oebalus/ & Gorgophone.

Perseus was the father of Alceus the father of Amphitruo the father of Iphicles who was also the the father of Electrio the father of Alcmena the mother of Hercules & the father of Sthenelus the father of Euristheus, & Iphicles Hercules & Euristheus were born at the same time & therefore Perseus was three short generations & two long ones or about 70 years older then Hercules, & by con so was born about 90 or 95 \100/ years before ye Argonautic expedition. suppose

Again Gorgophone by her first husband Perieres was the mother of Ty Leucippus the father of Phœbe & Ilayra whom Pollux & Castor stole & maried. She was also the by Perieres the mother of Aphareus the father of Lynceus & Idas who were in the Argonautic expedition. And by her second husband Oebalus she was the mother of Icarius the father of Penelope & also the mother of Tyndareus the father of Castor Pollux T Clytemnestra & Hellena. And therefore she was two short generations or Let her grandchildren one wth another be supposed about 10 years old at the Argonautic expedition & she about two \moderate/ generations or 5|6|0 years older & Perseus about & Per \since/ her father Perseus about 2 \moderate/ generations or {illeg} \about 50/ years older & Perseus will be born 30 was three generations older {yn} if we should reccon but 25 years to a generation he

[Myles was the father of Eurotas the father of Sparte the mother of Eurydice the wife of Acrisius & mother of Danae the mother of Perseus. And therefore Myles was the five generations older then Perseus {illeg} recconing four such generations to an hundred years. because they were \either/ by the elder sons or by Again] Perseus was the father of Alcæus the father of Amphitruo the father of Iphicles. He was also the father of Electryo the father of Alcmena the mother of Hercules & the father of Sthenelus, the father of & therefor the father of Euristheus; & Iphicles, Hercules & Euristheus were born at the same time; & therefore Perseus was three short generations & two long ones or about 70 or 75 years older then Hercules \{illeg}/ & Myles was born about 190 \or 200/ years before Hercules & therefore Myles & by consequence at the death of Solomon he was about 50 years old \/ < insertion from higher up f 197r > He was also \And this is confirmed by his being the/ the father of Gorgophone \who was/ the grandmother of Pho Penelope, Castor, Pollux, Clytemnestra, \&/ Hellena, {illeg} & of Phœbe & Ilaira the wives of Castor & Pollux, \& of Penelope the wife of Vlysses,/ who fl|a|ll \these/ flourished between the Argonautic expedition & Trojan war destruction of Troy, & Perseus was three generations older < text from lower down f 197r resumes > [& about 125 years before that is \about five generations before, suppose/ at ye death of Eli, Myles was |of| about 54 years o the same age. {I supp} \According to these generations we may/ reccon therefore that in the Lelex came into Greece in the days of Eli & that in the latter end of the days of Eli or some time in the reign of Samuel {illeg} corn began to be imported into Greece & Myles set up Querns to grind it. Then Acrisius in the reign of David erected the Amphictyonic Council, & Perseus flourished in the reigns of Solomon & Rehoboam] Now Acrisius was the husband of f Perseus was the son of Danae the daughter of Acrisius & Eurydice & therefore Acrisius was was two generations or about 50 years older then Perseus & so may be recconed contemporary to Erecthone Amphictyon might reign about the same time with Amphictyon, for Acrisius was assisting assisted in erecting the Amphictyonic Counsel. of Greece. Again {illeg} In his days therefore Erechtheus brought a great {illeg} procured a great quantity of corn from Egypt. {illeg} His wife Eurydice was the Amyclas the brother of Eurydice was the father of Cynortes the father of Oebal Perieres the father of Oebalus & Perieres was ye first husband of Oeb Gorgophone & Oebalus the second. Amyclas & Eurydice were the Childen {sic} of Sparte the daughter of Eurotas the son of Myles the son of Lelex

<197v>

Gorgophone had two husbands, Perieres & Oebalus, & Oebalus was the son of Perieres the son of Cynortes the son of Amyclas, & Perseus the brother of Eurydice; and Perseus was the son of Danae the daughter of Euridice & Acrisius: & therefore Acrisius was two generations older then Perseus, & {illeg} was con may be rec was contemporary to Cadmus & Erectheus & might ass so might reign at ye same time with Amphictyon & Erectheus & assist in erecting the Amphictyonic Council.

Amyclas & Eurydice were the children of Sparte the daughter of Eurotas the son of Myles who & the [the son of Lelex & therefore Lelex was six generations or about 150 years older then Perseus & so about ye middle of the reign of Eli might be about 60 years old & in] & therefore Myles was five generations older then Perseus & so might be about 50 years old at ye death of Eli, & set up mills for grinding of corn about ye end of the reign of Eli or in ye days of Samuel & his son {illeg} father Lelex might come from Egypt into Greece in the days of Eli, & be contemporary to Cecrops.

Amyclas & Eurydice were the children of Sparte the daughter of Eurotes the son of Myles the son of Lelex & so Lelex might be about 40 years old at the death of & therefore Lelex was ab six generations older then Perseus & so might be about contemporary to Eli \& Cecrops./ |He was an Egyptian & his son Myles first of any man set up| Lelex was an Egyptian & his son Myles was first of any a hand mill or Quern in Greece in a place thence called Alesia that is the Mill or Quern & taught his people how to grind corn. Whence I gather that Egypt began to send colonies into Greece in the days of Eli & by means of these colonies a trafic was commenced soon after, suppose in the days of Samuel, between Greece & Egypt for procuring out of Egypt corn & such other things as the new colonies wanted from thence.

When the Phenicians brought corn from Egypt – – – – – Phoroneus to David as above. Now

So then Egypt began to send colonies into Greece in the days of Eli & David Samuel. & to tra Its probable that {illeg} when the people of Thebais made a lasting war upon the shepherds & \began to/ dra|i|ve them out of the lower Egypt some of them |(amongst whom were Cecrops {illeg} & Lelex & perhaps Pelasgus) fled to the Phenicians & others (amongst whom were Cecrops Erechthonius & Lelex & perhaps Pelasgus)| retired by the Canobic osti mouth of ye Nile & came to Greece & other places while the main body shut themselves up in Abaris. After These first Colonies lived for a while \without commerce/ wth Egypt Phenicia & Egypt & only endevoured to reduce the Geeks from a salvage way of life but in ye next generation a trade was opened for supplying the colonies wch {sic} corn & what other things they wanted from Egypt. And when the Shepherds being on leaving Aba \were shut up in Abaris/ retiring from Abaris & the into Phenicia & the Phenicians being prest by the wars of David & Saul & David they sent out new colonies. Cadmus led a colony – – – – Island Thera neare Crete.

{Acrisa Pontus} {illeg}

So then the shepherds \in Egypt/ being prest by the wars of the king of Thebais began to \fly &/ send colonies into Greece \abroad/ in the days of Eli. At that time they sent some colonies into Greece under the conduct of Cecrops, Erechthonius, \&/ Lelex & perhaps Pelasgus & some others \but the main body shut themselves up in Abaris./ These first Colonies lived for a while without \any/ commerce with Phenicia & Greece Egypt & only endeavoured to reduce the Greeks from a salvage way of life but in y & teach them to live in towns, but in the next generation a trade was opened for supplying them with corn & what other things they wanted from Egypt. And then the Shepherds who were shut up in Abaris retiring into Phenicia & the Phenicians & Edomites being prest by the wars of Saul & David, they sent out new colonies from \were sent out from/ Phenicia. Cadmus led a Colony – – – – Island {illeg} Thera neare Crete.

[Editorial Note 72]

Cadmus came from Phenicia with his family. ffor he was accompanied wth his brothers Cilix & Thasus & left his m buried his \wife Hermione &/ mother in ye Telephassa \whom he buried/ in ye Island Thasis

< insertion from the left margin of f 197v >

of Oedipus returned to Thebes. But falling out with Eteocles about ye kingdom returned back to Adrastus & thence ensued the war of the seven captains against Thebes in wch Eteocles & Polynices slew one another. And ten years after followed another war between Laodamas ye son of Eteocles succeeded the son his father at Thebes & during his minority Creon administered the kingdom. When Laodamas was grown up there ensued another war between him & Thersander the son of Polynices. This war was ten years after the former & both these wars I place between the Argonautic expedition

<left margin of f 198r>

& war at \destruction of/ Troy {illeg} for \because/ soon after ye 2d war Thersander was slain in going to ye war at Troy.] & Thersander overcame & was made king of Thebes & soon after was slain in going to the war at Troy. These two wars therefore I place between the Argonautic expedition & Trojan war.

Lamedon the successor of Epopeus after he had reigned some years \at Ægiales/ made war upon Archander & Architeles –

< text from f 197v resumes > <198r>

Epopeus therefore was king of Sicyon in the beginning of Solomons reign but

Lamedon made war upon Archander & Architeles the sons of Achæus the grandson of Erechtheus & in that war was assisted by Sicyon the son of Metion the son of Erechtheus & dying left the \his/ kingdom of Sicyonia of Ægiales to Sicyon from whom it was called Sicyonia who gave the name of Æ Sicyon to ye city Ægyale & of Sicyonia to the kingdom \ffrom whom the city Ægyale was called Sicyon & the kingdom Sicyonia/.

The kings of Sicyon were therefore Ægialus a \Europs Telchin Apis or/ Epopeus, Lamedon Sicyon \Polybus Ianiscus/ &c. Between Apis & Epopeus some re chronologers reccon many other kings, for wch there is no room. None of those kings gave their names to any {illeg} cities or pe regions or people as was the custome in those days. None of them had wars with any nation before Epopeus \Epopeus was the first king of Ægyale who made war & {illeg} without war kingdoms do not use to stand long,/ Apis is recconed by some the son or grandson of Phoroneus by other {sic} the grandson of Ægialus the brother of Phoroneus & therefore since Phoroneus was contemporary to David Apis must be contemporary to Solomon or Rehoboam & so could not reign before Epopeus. Apis is Epaphus & Epaphus is Epopeus. The Greeeks feign that this king went into Egypt & there became the great God whome the Egyptians call Apis, Epaphus, & Os Serapis & Osiris \& that Ceres was the Goddess Isis/. And hence I learn that in the opinion of ye ancient Greeks Osiris \& Isis/ reigned in Egypt |when Apis & Ceres flourished in Greece or presently after, that is| one or two generations later then Phoroneus & Ægialus, that is \or when Apis & Cere or/ in the days of Solomon & Reh or Rehoboam |or Rehoboam.|

Again Chronologers err \also/ in recconing up many kings of Argos between Phoroneus & Acrisius, namely Apis, argus, Criasus, Phorbas Triopas Crotopus Iasus Sthenelus \Danaus Lynceus/ &c. There is no room for so many intermediate successive kings. & some {sic} of them were contemporary to Inachus & Phoroneus \& others were later then Acrisius/. ffor Polycaon the younger son of Lelex married Messene the daughter of Triopas the son of Phorbas. Pausan l. 4. c. 1. \& Danaus & his son Lynceus were younger then Perseus the grandson of Acrisius & Sthenelus |whom Danaus succeeded could be no other then that Sthenelus who was the son of Perseus.| was the son of Perseus/ [They err also in making Danaus four \three/ generations older then Perseus Acrisius, for by what has be {sic} said above it appears that he \Danaus/ was |contemporary to Perseus| younger then \younger then/ Perseus]. His \& therefore his/ brother Æg\y/ptus therefore whom Manetho calls Sethosis & who conquered the nations was contemporar lived o reigned \over Egypt/ in the days of Solomon & Rehoboam & Rehoboam. There were several kingdoms |at Argos| In one of them Danaus succeeded Sthenelus & Sthenelus was the Son of Perseus & reigned |at Argos while Perseus reigned at|

And since the Greeks in the room of the Egyptian Bacchus substituted the son of Semele & worshipped him wth the cerem it argues that the Egyptian Bacchus in the opinion of the ancient Greeks was contemporary to the son of Semele & by consequence to Solomon \& Rehoboam. He was contemporary to Perseus & Perseus flourished in the reign of those two kings./ These three grea kings of Egypt, Osiris, Bacchus & Sethosis lived abo \therefore/ in one & the same age & being all of them very great conquerors its probable that they were but several names of \one &/ ye same king. of Egypt.

Conon in his 37th Narration tells us that when Cadmus was sent by the king of the Phenicians to seek Europa the Phenicians were very potent & having conquered a great part of Asia placed their royal seat at \the Egyptian/ Thebes. It seems the Phœnicians gloried in their descent from Egypt & affected to be accounted Ægyptians {illeg} \& to derive their great men from the kings of Egypt./ For that end they represented Agenor the father of Cadmus to be the brother of Belus \king of Egypt/ & Cepheus & Phineus to be his sons: wch Belus was the father of Egyptus & Danaus & reigned at Thebes. Belus in ye language of ye Egyptians & Libyans is Ammon or as ye Greeks & Latines call him Iupiter Ammon & his wife Iuno Ammonia And therefore Ammon was the father of Ægyptus & Danaus & Cepheus & brother of Agenor according to the Phenicians, |&| In {sic} his reign happened the story of Agenor & Cadmus & in the next reign the story of Ægyptus Danaus & Cepheus. N \Now/ Cepheus & his daughter Andromeda were contemporary to Perseus & therefore flourished in the reign of Solomon. By reason of his bein being the son of Belus he is reputed an Ethiopian that is an Egyptian of Thebais He resided but I take him to be one \a Prince/ of the \Phenician/ Shepherds reigning after residing at Ioppa. \For/ Conon in his 40th Narration saith that Cepheus ye father of Andromeda – – – was chained.

<198v>

Manetho tells us that Ægyptus & Danaus were Sethosis & Armais & that Sethosis having having forces by sea & land left the government of Egypt to his brother

We shewed above that Danaus & his daughters flourished in the times next preceding ye Argonautic expedition.] Danaus The ship Argo was the first long ship built by the Greeks & they built it in imitation \after the fashion/ of the long ship in wch Danaus & his daughters sailed from Egypt & therefore the coming of Danaus & his daughters into \before/ Greece was [scarce above 10 or 20 or at most 30 years] \in the times next before/ before {sic} the coming Argonautic expedition \& {illeg} as we also shewed above –/ And by consequence Ægyptus the brother of Danaus whom Manetho calls Sethosis flourished in ye reign of Solomon & Rehoboam. / The And by consequence Ægyptus the brother of Danaus whom Manetho calls Sethosis, flourished in the times \age/ next before that expedition, suppos \that is/ in the reign of Solomon & Rehoboam. / Danaus & his Child daughters & son Lynceus lived in the age between th{eir}|at| of Perseus &|t|he grandson of Acrisius & that of the Argonauts as has been shewn above & / Danaus & his children were younger then Perseus ye grandson of Acrisius & older then ye Argonaus as has been shewed above & therefore flourished in the times of Re reign of Rehoboam & a little before & after And so a And by consequence & at ye & in the same age flourished Ægyptus the brother of Danaus whom the Greeks Manetho calls Sethosis.

[Editorial Note 73]

Xuthus the younger brother of Æolus & Dorus upon the death of his father Hebe {illeg} king of Thessaly – elder brothers – From all wch I compared together I gather that {illeg} Æolus Dorus & Xuthus \& Cadmus/ were contemporary to Erechtheus & Danaus three genera & the or not above {illeg} or 20 years younger & that {sic} Erechtheus was \about/ three generations \(or 100 years)/ older then Danaus & the Argonauts & between two & three generations older {than} Danaus. And that \Cadmus,/ Æolus, Dorus, Xuthus & Erechtheus \& King {Danaus}/ were contemporary \to one another/, except that Cadmus might be a little older then & Xuthus a litte younger then the rest. Cadmus \{illeg}/ being the oldest & Xuthus the youngest of the five Xuthus being a little younger then the rest. |Cadmus might & Æolus might be a little older & Xuthus a little younger then the rest & to Æolus being king David very nearely & by consequence to king David very nearely| Erechtheus was the son of Now Erechtheus \[was an Egyptian &/ in a time of famin – in or a litte before the reign of Cadmus. [Erechtheus was \of/ an Egyptian race by his family. He] was the son of Pandion the son of Erechthonius & I take Erechthonius to have been an Egyptian, ffor he f & to have come from Egypt wth a colony for as he first of any man tought {sic} the Greeks to draw a chariot wth horses: wch invention came from Libya & Egypt. And as Cecrops to denote him a forreigner of unknown parents was called ἀυτόχθων the son of ye earth so was & to signify that he was of two nations \nations/ & languages the Egyptian & the Greek, was reprepsented \of two natur a double nature/ a man above & a serpent below, so was Erechthonius. The Greeks not knowing his parents suppose derived him from forreigners Vulcan & Minerva by a miraculous birth of the earth & the Egyptians recconed his grandson Erechtheus to be an Egyptian by his family.

Lelex was an Egyptian – grind corn. Now Erechthonius \being two generations/ – – – successor of Amphictyon. Cranaus the predecessor of Amphictyon was the father of Rharus the father of Celeus & therefore scarce two generations older then Erectheus. ffor Celeus was contemporary to Erechtheus but not altogether so old. And therefore Amphictyon the successor of Cranaus was not so old as scarce above one generation older then Erechtheus & so may be recconed his predecessor. & If I will sup Let us suppose therefore that Amphictyon reigned & assisted in erecting the Amphictyonic Council but neare the beginning a little befo between the beginning & middle of Davids reign & that Erectheus about the same time procured a geat quantity of Corn from Egypt & for doing so was made king not in ye room of his father Pandion but in the room of Amphictyon. [And if for the two preceding reigns of Cecrops & Cranaus we allow about 20 years apiece the reign of Cec Cecrops will begin abou soon after that of Samuel at ye death of Eli or soon after] Now Cranaus being almost two generations older then Cecro Erechthey|u|s if we suppose Cecrops to be 10 or 20 years older then Cranaus he we may suppose him contemporary to Samuel & Cecrops to be of an age between that of Samuel & Eli.

<199r>

And Iosephus lets us know that Menander translated the Tyrian Annals of the Tyrians into Greek / And Iosephus lets us know that ye Annals of the Tyrians \drawn down/ from ye times of Abibalus & Hiram were extant in his days & that Menander of Pergamus translated My|them| Lord into Greek, & that Hirams friendship to Solomon & assistance in building the Temple was mentioned in these Annals \them/. Now the Phenician histories \representing/ {computing} the {illeg} \building of the T/ wth \placing the/ the Expedition raptures of Europa & Helena was done about the same time, cannot be reconned wth the Chro agree well with our op \wth the building of the Temple as happened in the same age wth ye b of ye Temple/ overthrow the opinion of ye Gr. Chr. / Now the Phenici Antiq. l. 8, c 2, 5 & l. 9 c. 14 [And since Menander & the three Phenican {sic} historians mention also the expedition of Cadmus differ so much from the Greeks in the time of the expedition of Cadmus that they must foll have followed fo had it \their opinion/ from some other antiquities then those of the Greeks. And if from the antiquities of the Phenicians

I hope to meet with Mr Heynes to day & will deliver his papers to him to be copied fair & when yor Lordp returns I shall be ready to give your Lordp what assistance I can in making them fit for the publick.] Let the authority \therefore/ of these eastern historians be set against the who were ancient & had ancienter antiquities \annals/ to copy after, be set against that of the Greek Chronologers who were neither ancient nor had ancient ancient annals, to copy, nor agree amongst themselves. / And let this argumt for or opinion be added to ye former, that it is backt by the authority of the ancient \eastern/ historians.

For Erechtheus in a time of famin procured a great quantity of corn from Egypt & for this benefaction was made king of Athens. This I reccon done about the middle /{in the beginning} of\ |soon after the Phenicians began to trade wth Greece suppose about the the time that Gad middle of| of {sic} Davids reign, Erechtheus being then about 3{illeg}|4| years old: not much older because his daughter Procris lay \converst/ wth Minos \king of Crete/ & his son Thespis had 50 daughters who lay wth Hercules & his son Orneus was the father of Peteus the father of Menestheus who succeeded warred at Troy: nor much younger because \his daughter Orithya was the mother of Calais & Zethe two of the Argonauts/ his second son Pandion was the father of Ægeus the father of Theseus & his daugher {sic} Creusa was the mother of Achæus the father of Archander & Archilites who married the daughters of Danaus & had wars with Lamedon the predecessor of Sicyon. \In those days Vpon the death/ Hellen king \of/ Thessaly \(from whom the peope were called Hellenes) divided left his kingdom to his/ had three sons Æolus, Dorus & Xuthus {illeg} his youngest \son/ Xuthus being \ffrom Æolus & Dorus their people were called Æoles & Dores but Xuthus was/ expelled Thessaly by the two elder /his brothers &\ fled to Athens {illeg} in the reign of Erechtheus & married his daughter Creusa by whom he had two sons Achæus & Ion. Ion married Helice the daughter of Selinus king of Ægialus & succeeded Selinus in the kingdom & from him \gave the name of Iones to/ the people who were before called {Pelasgi} Ægialean Pelasgians. took the name of Iones Achæus by the help of the Athenians & Ægialeans recovered his fathers kingdom in Thessaly & gave the name of Achives to the people. In a war between the Athenians under Erechtheus & the Eleusinians under Eumpolpus the Athenians made I being assisted by the Ægialeans made Ion their captain, & & Erechtheus on one side & Immaradus the son of Eumolpus on the other were slain in battel whereupon the sons of Erechtheus falling out about their fathers kingdom Xuthus adjudged it to Cecrops the eldest son, but Cecrops after he had by the assistance of Ion <199v> reigned a while was expelled the kingdom by his brothers & Pandion \the second son/ succeeded, He {illeg} left \leaving/ his kingdom divided amongst his four sons giving \gave/ Athens to his eldest son Ægeus the father of Theseus. [Chronologers tell us that Ægeus \Erechtheus/ was the father of {illeg} son of Pandion the son of Eu Erechthonius]

Lelex therefore came wth a colony from Egypt in the days of Eli & perhaps brought corn with him to live upon while it lased, or else the Egyptian colonies Egyptian colonies wch came \under Lelex, Pelasgus/ from Egypt contrived to get \send for/ |a little| corn from Egypt \thence to/ to live upon \a little/ before the Phenicians began to trade upon the Mediterranean. for Myles set up a mill for grinding corn before that trade began, & At first the Greeks lived upon hearbs & roots, but {illeg} it is to be conceived that the Egyptians had vessels made of their papy|e|r or flagg to go upon the Nile & |yt| the Sidonians had fishing boats in wch they were able to go from town to town by the sea shoar of Phenicia long before the beginning of that trad & any colonies came from thence to Greece, & that & that these colonies \at first/ made use of such vessels. to saile between the Isles of Greece The Greeks at first fed on hearbs & roots but meeting often wth such as were noxious           taught them to feed on the Acorns of the beech tree & this food continued \long/ in use among the Pelasgians. till they began to feed

Whether I Myles set up a Mill for grinding only such corn as the colony brought with them to live upon while it lasted or whether they contrived \to get {illeg} \corn more/ corn from Egypt/by the help of such vessels as they {illeg} had \might have/ before the Phenicians began to trade with the between them & Egypt, I leave to be enquired. For the city Sidon – do not know \leave to enquiry/ The first seems most probable because the Greeks at first fed on hearbs & roots but meeting often with such as were noxious {illeg} Pelasgus advised \taught/ his people to feed upon the Acorns of the beech tree & this food contued {sic} in use among them till the plowing & sowing of corn. The Greeks before the Egyptians \& Phenicians/ came among them had no manual arts. They were so far from building ships or boats that they had no \not so much as/ houses \to live in. They had/ nor Smiths nor \nor Masons or/ Carpenters \to build any thing/ nor tools of iron or brass to work \with/ nor \{illeg} steel/ iron or brass \or Copper to make tools of/ till Cadmus found out Copper in the Pangæan Mountains & the Idæi Dactyli found out (a forreign people) found out iron in mount Ida in Crete in \or a little before/ the days of Minos \{illeg} or rather in those of his father Asterius/. [& Vulcan an artificer in Lemnos began \taught how/ to work in metals & Dædalus in wood. ffor Dædalus] [They lived in caves of the {earth} \& under trees/ till Doxius the son of Cœlus found out \the making/ houses of {illeg} clay & the brothers Euryalus & Hyperbeus \at Athens/ found out {illeg} \{illeg}/ houses of brick & Cy|i|nyras found out tyles Dædalus & other the Idæi Dactyli & other artificers of that age found out Tyles & metals & the working in metals & \found out/ Tyles & the Anvil & hammer & tongues & laver & Dædalus \& Tallaus/ the working in wood & the saw & ax & perpendicular & Wimble & glue & turning lath. Before the And] And therefore it is not likely that they had any other ship|s|ping \or boats/ before they {sic} days of Cadmus & the Idæi Dactyli \the Idæi Dactyli/ then those \in/ which |the| new colonies brought /came\ from Egypt or Greece, nor were able to put those into repair.

<200r>

|He had| war with Labdacus the grandson of Cadmus & therefore Erechtheus was slain some years before the death of Labdacus, & Labdacus \who/ died young leaving his young son Laius under tuiti the tuition of his neare kinsman Lycus before the reign of Amphion & Zethus. And therefore to make room for all these things & for the reign of the successors of Erechtheus I will suppose \it seems to me/ that Erechtheus was slain & {illeg} the 5th {illeg} year of Solomons reign within 5 or 6 years \about the 12|1|th or 12th year/ after the beginning of Solomons reign \being then about 8{illeg} years old being 50 or 60 years old/ [Pandion left his kingdom divided amongst his four sons & gave Athens to Ægeus the eldest about {illeg}] being then above 60 years old because his grandson Ion was above 20. Pandion \Afterwards/ His {sic} son Pandion left the kingdom divided between his four sons givin ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ giving Athens \and {illeg}/ to his eldest son Ægeus the father of Theseus, Diacria to Lycus, Paralia to Pallas & Megaris to {illeg} \{illeg} Nisus/ & Athens wth the region Acte to his eldest son The Ægeus the father of Theseus.

– & Myles set up a Mill to grind corn before the Phenicians began to trade upon the Mediterterranean {sic} & Acrisius & Amphictyon {illeg} king of Athens set up the Amphictyonic Coūcil in the reign of David & Perseus carred {sic} away Andromeda from her father Cepheus in the days o reign of Solomon.

The city Sidon having its name from the abundance of fishes taken on it's coast, I reccon it is to be conceived that they \Sidonians/ had fishing boats in wch they long before they began to trade \by sea/ with other nations upon \by sea/ & that in these boats they were able to go from town to town upon the sea coast of Phenicia & so the Egyptians had vessels made of their paper or flagg to flo go upon ye Nile, & on ye sea coasts of Egypt before any colonies came from thence to Greece |as may be gathered from the ark in wch Moses was exposed compared with the paper vessels in wch they afterward sailed by sea on ye Mediterranean.| {illeg} But whether Myles set up a mill – – – enquired.

The Cepheus was an Ethiopian but lived {illeg} at Ioppa in Phenicia when Perseus carried away his daughter, but was an Ethiopian that is an \Arabic/ Egyptian of Thebais or an Ethiopian & \or of Ethiopia \next/ above Thebais/ on the Arabic side of the Nile. {illeg} They tell us that he was made his {illeg} family were was trans was {illeg} Constellation \was skilled in Astronomy & for that reason tranlated {sic} by Astronomy/ into the heavens, & thence its from thence /from\ his residing at Ioppa \a seaport & his skill in Astronomy (wch was the study of Navigators{)}/ I seem to gather that he was a Commander at Sea under the king of Egypt & by means of the friendship wch was between Solomon & his father in law the king of Egypt resided at Io \between that king & Solomon his son in law/ was permitted by Solomon to reside at Ioppa perhaps for negotiating between the two p use the port at Ioppa. Some say yt he built the city Ioppa & reigned there & perhaps he might build a pallace there to reside in wth his family.

And besides, I do not find that the Greeks had any shipping so early. The city Sidon having its name from the fishes taken on the sea coast might have fishing boats long before & the Egyptians might have vessels of their papyr or flagg {illeg} to go upon but the Greeks had none but \such as/ came from abroad: for they had no art manual arts \they knew or Artificers not how/ to make ships or to repair those wch came from other places. They had not so m no Smiths or Masons or Carpenters to build either ships or so much as houses to live in or <200v> houses, no tools of iron or brass to work with, no Copper Steel or iron or copper or brass to make tools of till Cadmus found out C the Idæi Dactyli found out {illeg} iron in Mount Ida in Crete in the days of Minos & Cadmus found out Copper in the Pangæan Mountain from wch invention the Copperstone has ever since been called Cadmia. And this makes me of opinion that when Myles brought corn out of Egypt he brought a Mill also to grind it, there being then no artificers in Greece to make such an engin.

And since Europa was not carried away by a Hero as but said to be stole by Merchants of Crete & yet the Cretans were neither merchants nor could build ships so earl so early, its it inclines me to beleive that Europa \was not stole but/ came with a colony of Phenicians to Crete about the same {time} that Cadmus came wth other colonies \of Phenicians/ to Greece & Asia minor, & that the Idæi Dactyli who found out iron in Crete were some of those Phenicians who came with Europa.

|The Greeks at first lived in caves \& dens & were without {illeg} towns or houses &/ without arts & sciences like Salvages. And| The {sic} Egyptians who came with Cecrops & Lelex & Pelasgus in the days of Eli brought in no manual arts unless perhaps of building of houses of Clay or brick \& cloathing men {illeg} with the skins of Beasts:/ but the Phœnicians who came in the wth Cadmus & others in the days of David brought in many new inventions. In th \Pelasgus taught them to cloath themselves wth skins & to eat acorns instead of roots/ Doxius the son of Cœlus taught them to build houses of clay & the brothers Euryalus & Hyperbius taught them to build them of brick & thus gave a beginning to towns & societies. \Pelasgus taught them to cloath themselves wth skins/ Then came in the Phœnicians & |in the days of David with many arts & {illeg} \{illeg}/. Herodotus tells us that the Phenicians who came wth| Cadmus taught them letters & the digging & excocting of Copper, or fo an art wch he had learnt in Phœnicia. ffor ye Syrophenians abounded with coppers. The by wch means they furnished themselves with utensils & weapons & armour of copper. The|n| Id the Idæi Dactyli fou found iron mines in Crete & taught them the excocting & working of iron & made weapons & armour theirof {sic} & tools for working in artificers by wch means Minos built a fleet & \before the other Greeks & first of any man/ obteined the dominion of the Greek seas. before any other Greeks had a navy. Then rose up workmen who brought these arts to greater perfection as Cynyras who in a Phœnician who invented the Anvil & Hammer & Tongues \& laver/ & Tyles & Dædalus \the Grandson of/ wth his Nephew Talaus who invented the Ax & saw & wimble & perpendicular \& compas & turning lath/ & glue. Erechthonius, that \who/ is Erechtheus, invented silver & from thence & his sacrificing his daughter I learn that he was a Phœnician tho Diodorus says he was an Egyptian. [Acrisius & his brother Prætus were the first Græcians who fought with bucklers < insertion from the left margin of f 200v > The Centaurs the first Greeks who fought on horsback. Eumolpus taught the culture of vines & trees having learnt it of Ceres.] Herodotus tells us that the Gephyr Phœnicians who came wth Cadmus brought in many doctrines letters & many other doctrins into Greece

< text from f 200v resumes > <201r>

When the Israelites – – – – by a treaty.

Manetho tells us that Thummosis beseiged the shepherds in Abaris untill he despaired of forcing them & then covenanted that upon the upon condition that they would leave Egypt they should go safely whether they pleased & thereupon they went out of Egypt through ye Desert into Syria with all their people & possessions & family to ye number of 240000. They were not driven out of Egypt but retired \quietly voluntarily/ with their heards & flocks \& wives & children &/ by a voluntary \upon a/ compact & then that they should not be pursued [& therefore \they/ had taken care of a place to retire into, & by consequence as they treated on the one hand wth ye Egyptians so they treated on ye other had {sic}] or hurt in their retiring. And since they by the{illeg} same reason that they treated wth the Egyptians about a safe retreat they would And since they did not retire till they had taken care of a safe retreat, it may be presumed that they did not retire till they had taken care of a place into wch they might safely retire|reat| & for that end had treated wth the{illeg} Philistims the nation then the nation wch lay next Egypt {illeg} in their way into \towards/ Syria.

The Philistims in those days reigned long over Israel so as to give the name of Palestine to ye whole land of Canaan. ffrom ye days of Sampson to ye 20th year – – – – & David beat them in many battels before they could be subdued. Now the very great numbers – – – – – – recovered ye liberty of ye Hebrews.

And all this is the more probable because if the {illeg}|S|hepherds came went out of Egypt into Palestine immediately \just/ before Saul revolted from ye Philistims, it was easy for Manetho & Diodorus to take ye revolting Israelites for ye shepherds who came out of Egypt & so to ascribe the building of Ierusalem & ye Temple to them as if the wars wch Saul & David made upon ye Philistims had been those by wch the shepherds seated themselves in Palestine. And this mistake For the heathen historians knew that ye Israelites came out of Egypt, but how & when they came out they did not know nor that more nations then one came out of Egypt & invaded Palestine successively: & therefore they took ye two nations of the Israelites & Shepherds to be one & ye same nation, & some historians hearing that Moses led the Israelites out of Egypt took him to be ye captain of ye Shepherds.

In the reign of Saul or immedately before \or after/ when the Philistims wer strengthened by the access of the Shepherds were in their greatest power they beseiged & took Zidon \& thereby gave occasion to the building of Tyre/ as Trogus in in {sic} his 18th book thus mentions: A rege Ascaloniorum expugnati Sidonij navibus appulsi Tyrem urbem ante annum Trojanæ cladis condiderunt. The Sidonians being taken sackt by the king of Ascalon the Sidonians fled in ships {illeg} to Tyre & built that City before ye year of ye destruction of Troy. And hence Isaiah – – – – beseiged & took them.

Navig

The red sea being \very/ shallow & \for that reason/ calmer then ye Mediterranean & abounding wth Islands, navigation \to remote places/ began there & was propagated thence to ye Mediterranean. Pliny tells us – – a rege Erythra was more easily \easily/ navigated \in small vessels/ in such small vessels as men were {illeg} first in between the Islands wth wch it abounded was was navigable in smaller vessels such as men could invent at make at first make when they first began to nav make in the beginning. And the many \the short voyages between the many many/ Islands wth wch wth {sic} {in} that Sea abounded were a|n| temptation \invitation/ to begin try that Sea first. There navigation had its rise & was propagated thence to the mediterranean. For Pliny tells us Nave primus in Græciam ex Ægypto Danaus advenit; ante ratibus navigabatur inventis in mari rubro inter insulas a rege Erythra. King Erythra is \Esau/ the king of Edom a {chosen by} {illeg} (usually supposed to be Esau). from whence this sea had ye name of the Erythrean or red sea. ffor Esau Edom & Erythra are words of ye same – – – – – – because the sea is red. How & when the Phœnicians came from ye red sea may – – – – – came into the hands of Solomon & Hiram.

The Sidonians used navigation on ye Mediterranean before they were vanquished Sidon was beseiged & taken by the Philistims. ffor otherwise because at that time they fled by sea to Tyre & were \soon after/ commended by Solomon \above other peoples/ for their skill in hewing timber. & recco But

Herodotus tells us that ye Phenicians \were the authors of dissention who/ coming from ye red sea to the Mediterranean & seating themselves where they t on ye sea coasts \of Syria, quickly/ presently undertook long voyages & the carriage \in carrying/ of Egyptian & Assyrian merchandise wares \passed over/ to other coasts & coming to chiefly to Argos. For Argos was then the chief city of Greece. That the Phenicians coming hither exposed <201v> their merchandize & after 5 or 6 days when they had sold almost all, certain weomen came to to {sic} ye sea amongst which was Io the daughter of Inachus, & whilst they bought wt they liked, the Phenicians set upon them & seizing Io & some others while ye rest carried them into their ship & sailed into Egypt, & this was the beginning of injuries. That \in requital of this injury/ some Greeks afterw of the Island Crete afterwards coming to Tyre carried away Europa & a while after \the Greeks/ committed \also/ a second injury in carrying away Medea \the kings daughter/ from Colchos. And when ye King of Colchos sent an Embasador to demand his daughter back & yt ye raptors might be punished, the Greeks answered that as they (vizt the Egyptians) of \whom/ the kingdom of Colchos was a colony) had not punished the raptors of Io so neither would the Greeks punish ye raptors \those/ of Medea. In ye next age Paris stole Helena & these things occasioned the ruin of Troy. Thus far Herodotus From this passage of Herodotus I gather it appears that the navigation of the Phœnicians merchants to Greece began upon their coming from the red sea & by consequence that ye rapture of Io & Europa wer|as|e not ancienter then the reign of David. The Sidonians had ships Before Sidon {came in} The Sidonians had \might have/ ships before, but it doth not appear that they sailed as far as Greece before the ye {sic} merchants of Edom came amongst were driven by David from their trafick \trade/ upon ye red sea \& deprived of their estates & country & thereby necessitated/ necessitated {sic} to {begin} /seek out\ a new trade upon the Mediterranean for getting a livelyhood.

The expulsion of ye Shepherds out – – – father of Phoroneus & Io & therefore Inachus reigned in the days of Samuel & Saul, & a litte before & after. ffor the shepherds came out of Egypt a little before & Io was the rapture of Io was a little after. This abo Phoroneus is reported ye first who made laws & erected courts of justice at Argos & reduced the people from a rude & salvage way of life to a civil one & erected an altar to Iuno, & these things the Greeks learnt of the Egyptians & Phenicians, & therefore Phoroneus reigned after the Phenicians began to sail into Greece \in the days of David in the re/ & by consequence after the expulsion of the Shepherds & Edomites |so that his reign will fa|e|ll in wth some part of Davids| {illeg} {illeg} ye days of D \In the series of the Kings of Argos/ Between {sic} {Phoroneus} & Eurystheus who was contemporary to Hercules & ye Argonauts there is great uncertainty. The Greeks feigned Io to be the Egyptian Isis & Apis the son of Niobe Phoroneus (or as others say the son of Niobe the daughter of Phoroneus) to be the Egyptian Serapis or Osiris, & these fictions were grounded upon the synchronisms of Phoroneus or his children with Osiris & Isis whom we shall hereafter shew to be contemporary to Solomon & Rehoboam.

Cadmus being – – – David.

[Editorial Note 74]

When ye Israelites \in ye absence of Moses/ revolted to ye worship of Egypt & for that end |&| Aaron \accordingly/ made them a golden Calf \wch was the God of ye Egyptians/, {illeg} \he/ proclaimed a feast on ye ne & the people on ye feast offered burnt offerings & peace offerings & sat down to eat & drink & rose up to play & shouted with singing & dancing. Exod 32. You have here the manner of the ffeasts wch the people had been accustomed to in Egypt, & that the ffeasts of ye so that Lucian tell so Herodotus so that \upon at/ the solemn conventions. Philo Biblius tells us[195] that ye ancientest of ye Barbarians (meaning the Phœnicians & Egyptians) honoured those men chiefly with religious worship who had found out things necessary to mans life & dedicated to them the greatest ffeasts|i||val| \days/ And Lucian & a little after he adds that they honoured them with annual feasts. these feasts were annual. And a little And Lucian tells u sayth yt ye Egyptians so far as was known were the first men who perceived the knowledge of the Gods & built them temples & appointed groves & solemn conventions. These conventions seem to have laid         Lucian & Philo Biblius seem|s| to make these ff annual f annual conventions & Festivals as old \in Egypt/ as Idolatry it self. ffor Lucian \he/ saith that the Egyptians – [& Philo that ye ancientest of ye Barbarians (meaning ye Phenicians & Egyptians) – founders of those cities. Philo Biblius tells us . . . . . greatest festival days.

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And indeed it is not improbable that he who in ye reign of Isis & Orus \is famous above all men for his {illeg} craft & policy &/ had seen Egypt \twice/ invaded & almost oppressed by ye Titans | their enemies should afterwards considersult ye safety \who {illeg} the {progenitors} of ye {illeg}/ & who \by his counsel/ had saved them by his counsel |& procured the kingdom to himself & is famous above all men for his craft & policy| should afterwards consider how to strengthen Egypt \them/ against their enemies for ye future, wch could not be done without uniting the|ir| Cities. of Egypt. ffor what else means his being the God reputed \by all antiquity of hi/ the God of Merchandice & of high ways |& the \making/ heapi|s|ng of stones along ye ways to his memory but that he| but that he was ye author of conventions for merchandizing taught ye cities of Egypt to travel from one to another by marking out ye ways with \such heaps of/ stones & to trade wth one another & for that end to assemble upon set occasions as ye Greeks did after their example in the festivals of their common Councils. ffor doubtlesse as those Councils \ffestivals/ were celebrated wth merchandizing for drawing ye people together & in Egypt were ffor as ye ffor in \whilst/ those festivals were celebrated \in Greece & by consequence in Egypt also/ wth merchandizing for drawing ye people together & in Egypt were kept not yearly as in Greece but often every year, {illeg} they seem to have been the ancientest assemblies \in the world/ for {illeg} buying & selling & the only ffairs of ye ancient Egyptians. This Thoth was ye first & greatest Lawmaker of ye Egyptians \in things both civil & sacred. & his obteined in/ He made them laws \ffor all Egypt He made made their laws/ first in ye reign of Isis who governed by his counsel & then in his own reign \& his laws obteined over all Egypt/. And laws could not be put in execution wthout rec civilizing & uniting the cities of Egypt \& uniting them/ under certain forms of government. He instituted The solemnities of Osyris & Isis \{illeg}/ wch were observed by all by all Egypt, not in every little city apart but in great assemblies of the many cities like those of the Nomi wch shews that the cities of Egypt continued in union wth one another from his days. – & the cities upon these occasions convened in great assemblies wch shews that he united them so far as was requisite for their conening {sic} in such at such solemnities or rather yt he contrived such kind of solemn rites \solemn conventions/ for uniting them. And therefore whilst |were instituted therefore by him & observed from the time of their institution observed Tis not doubted but that ye solemnities of Osiris & Isis were instituted by him & from his days obteined over all Egypt. And there {illeg} is the same reason to beleive that the solemnities of the rest of the Egyptian Gods observed in ye severall parts of Egypt had their rise from his institutions & by consequence the conventions for such solemnities were as old as his days. For| we are told by Diodorus that he ordeined ye worship of the God & their Sanchoniatho that he invented the figures of ye Gods of ye Egypt & by Diodorus that he instituted \ordeined/ their worship |&| {illeg} sacrifices \of these Gods & their/ {sic} by Artaphanus that he divided the Ægypt into 36 Nomi & assigned to each their rites of worshipping the Deity. we have reason to beleive that he {illeg} was the founder of those solemn conventions mentioned by \wch are according to/ Herodotus & wch ye Greeks imitated \afterwards/ in uniting their cities. ffor all Egypt did not worship all the \Mercuries/ Gods \ordeined by Mercury/ but Mercury in one Convention they worshipped one God in another another, each wth his proper ceremonies & worship. For Herodotus tells us they worshipped not the same Gods except Osiris & Isis. In ye rest of their Gods they were divided, every Temple having its territory of worshippers & its p\r/oper God & way of worship, [And where Mercury instituted ye {illeg} solemnities {illeg} worship of his Gods there no doubt that worship continued till ye extirpation of heathenism by Christianity.] Neare Thebes & ye Lake Mœris they Crocodile was accounted sacred, in other places it was persecuted as hostile & prophane & hostile. The Mendesians in their Temple worshipped a Goat & ye God Pan & sacrificed Rams & on ye contrary ye Thebans & Ammonians in their {sic} worshipped Rams & sacrificed Goats. In Pamprem ye people of ye subordinate cities celebrated ye festival of Mars with a formal fight wth clubs. In the <202v> ffeast at Busiris after they had sacrificed they beat themselves & some cut their foreheads wth swords. In Sais they celebrated ye ffeast with illumin piping & singing & singing {sic} & clapping of hands & reviling the cities through wch they passed. In Heliopolis & Buti they only sacrificed \to their proper Gods/. And what ever \Gods or/ solemnities they received at first Mercury at first set on foot among them no doubt they retained as obstinately {illeg} as the people in or day age do ye \several/ religions they are bought up in

Plutarch tells us of several conjectures about this variety ye occasion of this variety. Some say, saith he, that Osiris divided his army into certain troop – – – – – fell upon them both. Thus far Plutarch. And this confirms that there was such a variety of religions among them as we speak of: but ye occasion of it was doubtless ye same as in ye neighbouring countries. In ye Assyrian – – – – in later ages

Yet \if these kingdoms were as old as {illeg} Thoth/ I will not say that these|y| kingdoms were \{illeg} /ever\/ such Monarchies as those in later ages. Its probable that the soverain authority was in the common councils – – – – – – – So then Egypt was from ye days of Thoth divided into as many dominions \or governments/ as there remained religions afterwards in ye several parts of Egypt, every government being ruled by it {sic} own common council in wch the cities of yt government convened often every year & the untill the {illeg} captains of \which those Councils appointed over/ their armies by inlarging their authority reduced ye whole land into Monarchies.// Yet I affirm not yt there were as many monarchies as common councils. Its probable that after ye death of Thoth many common councils might agree for strengthening themselves might agree to set up over the captains of their several forces a superior captain who in time of danger might command \them/ all their forces & by after the manner that Cecrops & his successors was Captain of the forces of the 12 head cities of Attica. before those cities united in Athens. And by ye th And as Theseus afterwards united these 12 cities in Athens, so might ye Captains of Egypt unite their head cities \of their Nomi into greater bodies polities/ [in Thebes, This, Memphis & Heliopolis] & thereby reduce all Egypt into four or five kingdoms before ye days of Abraham. |And that the lower Egypt was very early \either by compact or by war/ reduced into one Kingdom seems to appear by the History of Ioseph|

These kingdoms being founded & ye kingdoms of Memphis & Heliopolis being united [into yt kingdom wch thence was called Misraim in dual number,] Ioseph to strengthen ye kings dominion {installed} new m under Pharaoh, \under one king:/ Ioseph to strengthen ye kings {illeg} dominion, new modelled ye government. ffor when he had \in ye seven years of famin he/ bought all the lands & stock & goods \& lands/ & persons of ye Egyptians for Pharaoh & then \to breake their power he/ removed |them| the people from one end of Egypt the borders of Egypt to ye other end thereof & gave them seed to sow what land he assigned them (as ye kings of Assyria \{illeg}/ did ye nations whom they conquered) & giving them seed to sow ye lands where he planted them, he reserved by a perpetual law the fift part of ye increase to Pharaoh. And thus was Egypt reduced to perfect subjection

Not long after the departure of Israel out of Egypt the \{illeg} Arabians or/ |Sheepherds out of ye east| invaded \& conquered/ the|i||s| Egyptians kingdom, & {illeg} reigned there about 260 \had long warrs wars under/ being after long wars expelled by T wth ye kings of Thebes {illeg} beaten expelled by Tethmosis \they were conquered by/ Misphragmuthosis & expelled by his son Tuthmosis

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{illeg} About ye time of the departure of Israel out of Egypt or not long after, the Shepherds or Arabians from ye East invaded Egypt & conquered this kingdom \reigning there a/ & had long wars with the kings of Thebes reigning there a long time had frequent wars with the kings of Thebes who at length conquered them & drove them out of Egypt \about the time That Troy was taken or soon after/ & thereby added all Egypt to the kingdom of Thebes, whence it came to pass that Thebes was so great & splendid a city before ye reign \days/ of Homer.

Afterwards in ye days of King Solomon the Kings of Egypt being established at home began to invade their neighbours. And first \the king of Egypt took Gezen from the Canaanites & gave it for his daughters portion to Solomon \Then// Sesostris Called in scripture \a/[196] Sesach was sent by his father Amenophis against the Arabians & subdue overcoming ye want of water & meat subdued all that nation wch had hitherto re till then had continued unvanquished. Then he went westward against ye Africans & sub Probably these were the Arabians who had invaded Egypt before. Afterwards he went westward & subdued a great part of Afric. Then About ye same time & that de \the king of Egypt/ his father \or Grandfather/ took Gezen from the Canaanites & gave it to Solomon for a portion with his daughter. Afterwards Sesostris \& then/ succeeding his father in ye kingdom, |he| in ye fift year of Rehoboam made an expedition th subdued all Ethiopia & th on ye south of Egypt & the Troloditæ & then in a & ye Trogloditæ & then \on the east & after that/ in ye 5t year of Seth Rehoboam made an expedition through Iudæa eastward & northward & subdued the nations round about, Syria, Susiana, Persia, Media Arme Asia minor, & Thrace in nine years subdued all Asia & part of Europe that is the Sy Syria, Susiana, Persia, Media, Bactria \Asia minor/ Scythia Asia minor, & \as far as the river Tanais, & also/ Thrace & part of & \part of/ Scythia as far as ye river Tanais |in Europe, but where he met wth a repulse.| Diodorus \adds/ that he past ye river Ganges & conquered all India. & th |&| |In this expedition he left a colony in Colchos & caused the Scythians to fly into Parthia part of his army in Colchos, to Syria Asia minor Thrace guard as it seems the pass between ye seas least the {Tartars} should invade Scythians should invade his conquests| Wherever he came he set up columns wth inscriptions of his conquests some of wch were standing in several regions till the days of Herodotus. {illeg} some of wch Herodotus saw in Syria & Asia minor & mentions that there were some then extant \also/ in Thrace & part of Scythia in Europe. [His successors were \first/ Rhampsis, & \then/ Amenophis |(called| or Memnon \by the Greeks/ & Ramasses, Rhampsis is said to have held Bactria, \Rhamsis said to have conquered Bactria/ Memnō to have reigned sometime in Susa {illeg} visited ye conquests of Sesostris to have \marched through Phrygia,/ staid long in Susiana \& left monuments of his stay there/ & subdued ye rebelling Bactrians: But after a while ye rebelling nations revolted again & this revolt seems to have given ye first occasion to ye rise of the Assyrian monarchy, as ye revolt of ye Medes from ye Assyrians \afterwards/ gave occasion \afterwards/ to the rise of ye Medo-Persian. Whence \For/ Trogus in Iustins Epitome makes ye rise of the Assyrian monarchy later then the days of Sesostris, thô he errs in making Ninus ye founder of that Monarchy. He caused also geographical Tables to be made of this expedition, & in his return left a part of his army in Colchos, to guard, as it seems tha|e|t pass between the seas least the Scythians should thence invade his conquests. Whence [ye Colchi are recconed a colony of ye Egyptians it came to pass that ye \people of/ Colchos are reccone spake ye Egyptian <203v> language & used circumcision & are recconed a colony of Egyptians left the{re} by Sesostris.

Trogus in Iustins Epitome, makes the Scythians to have at this time invade pursued Sesostris as far as Egypt & being stopt by the \lakes &/ fenny plac{es} to have returned thence & subdued all the east & reigned there 1500 years till ye rise of ye Assyrian monarchy, But And others tell us yt the Parthians seated th were a colony of the Scythians who seated themselves there in ye reign of {illeg} Sessostris. But thi|e|s|e| invasion of ye East hap happened rather in ye things happened rather in ye latter end of the reign of kingdom of Assyrian monarchy, the Scythians at that time \as Herodotus relates/ making an inrode \through Colchos into Media Assyria & Syria/ as far as Egypt & reigning over the east 28 years till the Medes slew \most of/ them & probably ye Scythians who escaped the Medes \{illeg}/ fled into Parthia & Bactria & seated themselves there & created the & remained there. Whence \the people of/ that country had ye name of Parthia wch in ye Scythian language signifies fugitives.

The Successors of

Sesostris returning into Egypt wth \much spoile &/ many captives employed thes \captives/ in [digging ditches wor from Nile to all places for watering the country,] \building Temples be divers works & particularly in in various works/ de & distributed ye ground amongst his soldiers. Some Whence Some think yt he divided Egypt also into ye 36 Nomi, setting a Iudge over every Nomus |And| though that division seems to be founded in ye variety of ye nations & religions of Egypt & by consequence to be much older \yet it might receive divers alterations/

\Among/ The {sic} successors of Sesostris were {sic} \are recconned/ Rampsis \called Rhampsinitus by Herodotus/ & Amenophis called Memnon by ye Greeks. ‡ < insertion from lower down f 203v > ‡ Rampses (called Rampsinitus by Herodotus < text from higher up f 203v resumes > Memnon visited ye conquests of Seostris, marched \through/ Phrygia, staid long in Susiana & left monuments of his stay there, & subdued the rebelling Bactrians: but after a while ye nations revolted again & this revolt seems to have given occasion to ye rise of the Assyrian monarchy as ye revolt of ye Ass Medes from ye Assyrians gave occasion afterwards to ye rise of ye Medo-Persian.

[Editorial Note 75]

So then its probable that ye Sheepherds | Egyptians united before ye Days of Iacob to strengthen themselves agt ye sheepherds \their enemies/. ffor as \they abominated/ Typhon was became an abomination to ye Egyptians by reason of \Typhon for/ ye war he made upon ym so the|y| Sheepherds seem to have been bre seem for ye same reason to have abominated ye sheepherds. But how long before the days of Iacob this union was made is difficult uncertain. Probably it was \or rather/ before the days of Abraham because in his days when he \& by consequence wthin \less then/ 370 years after the flood because when Abraham/ went down to sojourn {illeg} in Egypt we read of Pharaoh king of the race of ye kings of Egypt called Pharaoh was then in being. that is wthin 370 years after ye flood. And |yet| the majesty of Pharaoh was not then \grown/ so great but that he was inclinable to marry the supposed sister of Abraham the father of a a lord of nothing more then his own family

The common Councils under wch the cities of Egypt at first combined seem to have given occasion to ye multitude of great cities in Egypt, it being a general rule that those cities grow greatest wch preside {illeg} over ye largest territories & have ye greatest trade.

{illeg}|F|rom this|e| multiplicity of {illeg} common councils arose ye multiplicity of religions in Egypt.

or rather \by consequence/ before ye descent of Abraham into Egypt, that is wthin less then 370 years after the flood, because the race of the kings of Egypt \called Pharaoh/ was yn in being. Gen{illeg}. 12.

<204r>

Homer places Thebes in Ethiopia, & the Ethiopians reported that the Egyptians were a colony drawn out from them by Osiris, & that thence it came to pass that most of the laws of Egypt were the same wth those in Ethiopia, & that the Egyptians learnt from the Ethiopians the custome of deifying their kings.

In those days the writing of the Thebans & Ethiopians was in Hieroglyphicks. And this way of writing seems to have spread into the lower Egypt before the days of Moses. For thence came the worship of their Gods in the various shapes of birds beasts & fishes forbidden in the second commandment. Now this emblematical way of writing gave occasion to the Thebans & Ethiopians who in the days of Samuel David Solomon & Rehoboam conquered Egypt & the nations round about & erected a great Empire, to repesent their conquering Kings & Princes by various hieroglyphical figures; as by painting Ammon with rams horns to signify the king who conquered Libya a country

dij magni majorum gentium

temple in Greece. And Oracles came from Egypt into Greece about the same time, as did also the custome of forming the images of the Gods with their leggs bound up together \in the shape of/ like the Egyptian Mummies. But idolatry began – – – – majorum gentium. ffor by the names of the cities of Egypt dedicated to {illeg} many of these Gods & by their hieroglyphical figures symbols you may know that they were of an Egyptian original.

For in those d those days the writing of the Thebans & Ethiopians – – – – in the shapes of these creatures.

< insertion from the right margin of f 204r >

Demonstration. For the Duty as the Value of the goods is to the Duty upon them in any one case so is the value of the goods to the Duty upon them in all other cases.

< text from f 204r resumes > <206r>

Sesostris Ses \Susakim, Sesonchis/

Sesach (Sesonchosis, \Sesochris, Sesosis/ Sesostris, Sethus Sethosis, Sethus \Sesosis/ Ses{illeg}

Amenophes, \Amenophthes/ Amenemes; Imandes, Ismandes, Isimandes, Osimandes, \{illeg}/ {Memnon}

Ramesses, R\h/ampth|s|es, R\h/emphis, Rhampsinitus, Rhapsaces.

Maris, Mœris, Myris, Marrus, Soris Ayres, Biyris, Soris, Thuor

Siphoas, Saophis, Suphis, Cheops, Chembes, Chemms|i|s, Phiops, Apappus maximus |Hermes Trismegistus.|

Cephren f{illeg}rat. Suphes, Sen Suphis, Mente-Suphis

Mycerius, Mycerinus, \Moscheres,/ Mencheres, Cherinus, Cheopis filius

Asychis Nitocris Cheopis filia, Ratæsis, Rathuris, Rathotis

Asychis

Tnephac|h|thos. Stephanites

Bocc\h/oris, Vchoreus, T{illeg}electi filius

Sabacon, Sevechus, A{ct}isan,, Æthiops

Tir|h|achah, Taracus, {illeg} \fo{rt}e Æthiops/. Isa. 37.9. Ioseph forte Thirsice Ioseph. l. 10. c. 1

Reges duodecim

Psammiticus.

Nechus, Necho, Nechao a Nebuchanezzaro \ad Charchemish/ victus Ier. 46.2.

Apries, Vaphres, Hopra. Ier. 44.30

Amasis Apriem occidit (Herodoto Anysis a Sabaco victus)

Cambyses Amasin vincit

Mr Doyley in ye Strand neare exceter exchange a Picture Seller near

<207r> <207v>

a+b+c a+ d+e da+ db+ dc ea+ eb+ ec Diameter  = 0 3 313 4 = 2126 dig. 11465107 114651 37gr. 0701323gr 0 12dig. 0 45 0000 76lbTr. =solid foot 21.1176 760 836 (27823 ( 39∟lb 1721 =sphere of a foot diā 63 0 12 00. 206 3981521 189 79 0. 17 47757 00nies = 0  pid diam. 3821 57 114630 0 21 37 114651 37 . gr = sphere of a foot diam In 15″ or 1434″. 712″. 334″ it fell 11314inches In 60=1′ it fell 453 digits. In 20″ it fell 151 dig=0012ped.7dig. In a minute it falls 3734ped: In 4 minutes it falls 151 pedenglish feet. 144 0000 1728 0 12 0000 5184 288 00 23) 22464 ( 976 23 00000000 144 00000 207 00 1728 0000 176 0 26) 2100 ( 0,808 161 0 208 000000 120960 000 154 20 00000 976 1623 0 138 121936 1623 ( 1∟0 64416 00000000 114651 137 0∟ 532208 (0∟805 7385 623 512 000000000 687908 12 10208 000000 50616 0 5 00000000000 458606 47554 192 000 45861 1793 1146 647 805 00 805 00 4025 00 6440 000 648025 00 518420000 3240125 521660125 8103 648 00 81 0 6561 0 52488 00 531441 0

<208r>

{illeg} And before the days of Diodorus they had increased their antiquities so much as to place six eight ten or twelve reigns between those kings whom they represented to Herodotus to succeed one another immediately. In {illeg} T [In the Assyrian Empire Ctesias has feigned a race. Ctesias has made the Assyrian Empire last above 1300 years, Herodotus]The \In/ sacred history commences the Assyrian Empire |begins| with \the reign of/ Pul & Tiglath-Pilaser: acording to wch recconing it did \not/ stand 200 \& ended not lasted about above 180/ years and accordingly Herodotus has made Semiramis \only/ five generations {illeg} \(or about {about}/ 166 years) older then Nitocris the mother of Nabonnedus: but Ctesias had made this empire last Semiramis 1500 years older then Nitocris & feigned a \long/ series of \Assyrian/ kings \{illeg}/ {illeg} wch have no affi \of Assyria whose names/ are not Assyrian nor have any affinity {illeg} wth ye Assyrian names in scripture. ff\But/ I consider that \And yet/ before the use of letters the names & actions of men could scarce be remembred above 80 or 100 years after their death & therefore I allow no history of things done in Europe above 80 years before Cadmus brought letters into Greece: no history of things done in Germany before the rise of the Roman Empire.

And since Eratosthenes

The Priests of Egypt told Herodotus that Menes built Memphis & the \the sumptuous/ temple of Vulcan in Memphis & that Rhampsinitus Mœris, Asychis & Psammiticus added Porticos thereunto. And it is not likely that this Temple could be above two or three hundred years in building [or that Memphis could grow famous before Homers days] & yet the Priests of Egypt had so magnified their antiquities before the days of Herodotus as to tell him that from Menes to Mœris there reigned \were/ 330 kings whose reigns took up so many ages that is 33|11|000 years \& had filled up the intervall with {illeg} of \feigned/ kings who did nothing/. And before the days of Diodorus Siculus they \had/ raised their antiquities so much higher as to place six eight or ten kings reigns of kings between those kings whom they represented to Herodotus to succeed one another immediately.

Now since Eratosthenes – – – – 18 or 20 years a piece one with another, I have stated the time of the return of the Heraclides into Peloponnesus, by this last recconing. And according to Thucydides \I have/ made the Trojan war 80 years older \(according to Thucydides)/, & the Argonautic expedition a generation older, & the wars of Sesostris in Thrace & death of Ino the daughter of Cadmus a generation older, A & \thereby/ drawn up the following Chronological Table so as to make Chronology suit with the course of nature & with sacred history & with it self without the many repugnances complained of by Plutarch. I do not pretend to be exact to – – much above.

x 1020 Ætolus Endymionis filius, occiso Apie, in Curstitum terram aufugit Eamqꝫ Ætoliam nominat et ex Phorbi filia Pronoe Pleuronem et Calydonem gignit. x 1048 | 5 Endymion builds Elis.

98{illeg} Athamas the brother of Sisyphus & father of Phryxus & Helle marries Ino the daughter of Cadmus If he was the son of Deucalion & brother of Hellen he mig & Cranaus might reign \together/ in several parts of Attica. But I But when this Council I meet wth a later Amphictyon who enterteined the great Bacchus. This Council worshipped Ceres & therefore was instituted after her death. {Anemon} places Cepheus at Ioppa.                 Pausan. l. 2. c. 13

\Pn/ Rhagnidas the son of Phalces the son of Temenus with an army out of Argos & Sy|i|cyon invaded \the city/ Phlyus & made Hippasus with his party fly \thence/ to the Island Samos. And Pythagoras the Philosopher was the son of this Mnesarchus the son of Euprone the son of this Hippasus. \All this was reported by the Phyasians, the Sicyonians for the most part agreeing with them./ And therefore from the time that Temenus flourished, that is, from the return of the Heraclides into Peloponnesus, unto the time that Pythagoras flourished, there were six generations, \that is / If in this case we should reccon 40 years to a generation, 240 years And these years counted from the return of the Heraclides will end in the 48 Olympiad, or 52 years after the birth of his master <208v> Thales. And at that time Pythagoras might be 20 or 30 years old. But if the return of the Heraclides be made much older, the recconin{g} will not consist with the age of Pythagoras.

<209r>

Phoroneus the son of Inachus & Melissa the sister of Inachus, was the brother of Io, & of Ægyaleus (Apollod.) \&/ the first that sacrificed to Iuno (Hyg.) He had by Laodice, Apis & Niobe (Apollod.) The Telchines & Caryatæ made war againt {sic} Phoronæus & the Parrhasij & being driven out of Peloponnesus planted Rhodes thence called Telchinis (Euseseb {sic}. & Scal. not.

Callithyia (called also Io) daughter of Piras or Piranthus (son of Argus. Piranthus built Iunos temple at Argus & Callithyia was her first Priestess therein (Eseb & Scal. not.)

Abas built Abæ in Phocis from whence came the Abantes in Eubæa. (Aristot.)

Meleager killed the Calydonian boar within three years after the Argonautic expedition {illeg} (Diodor. Sic.)

Eupalamus the grandfather of Dædalus invented the Anchor \in the days of Orpheus or/ about the time that Dædalus fled to Minos. (Plin. VII) or a little before.

Minos built Cydonia in Crete

Epopeus came from Thessaly, held Corinth with Sicyon & was succeeded at Corinth by Aloeus his son|fat|her there at Corinth.

<210r>

And hence I seem to gather that the shepherds upon retiring out of Egypt mixed in great numbers with their next neighbours the Philistims & thereby enabled them to \invade &/ conquer Palestine. ffor the Philistims in those days became very potent & conquered the Israelites & reigned long over them, even from the days of Sampson & though they were once beaten by Samuel yet they were lords over Israel when Saul was annoynted King (1. Sam 9.16) & at that time suffered not a smith to be in all ye land of Israel least the Israelites should make themselves swords & spears & when Ionathan smote one of their Garrisons they brought into the field against Saul thirty thousand chariots of iro & six thousand ho\r/smen & people as the sand of \on/ the sea shore for \in/ multitude 1 Sam. 13. And their dominion lasted till David beat them in many battels & in the mean time took Ierusalem from ye Iebusites & built it by the assistance of Hiram king of Tyre. And from this kingdom \dominion/ of the Philistims the whole land of Israel has been ever since called Palestine that is the land of the Philistims. Manetho therefore knowing no other original of the people of Israel then \by descent/ from this kingdom \of Palestine /of P{ries}\/ might well take them for \a body of/ the Phœ\ni/cians which came out of Egypt & so ascribe the building of Ierusalem to those Phœnicians. ffor some of the ancients have recconned the Israelites among the Phœnicians, as Herodotus where he saith that in Palestine some of the Phenicians were circumcised [Euterpe c 104. And tho Stephanus in Azot – – – – – – sackt it we now give the name of Phœnicia only to the country in the North of Palestine wch was subject to the kingdom of Tyre yet anciently the Land of Canaan was also called Phœnicia & the Cananites Phœnicians. See Bochart in Phaleg lib. 4, c. 34.

Stephanus in Azot – – – – – sackt it.

By the victories of David the {illeg} Canaanites being {illeg} reduced to difficulties would be now more apt for want of room to apply themselves to sea then before And about this \time/ I take it to be that they began to trafic with Greece & other places upon the Mediterranean, wch \soon/ gave occasion to several discords by the rapture of weomen. ffor Herodotus tells us that the Phœnians {sic} were the authors of the dissentions who coming from ye Red sea to ye coasts of ye Mediterranean, {illeg} streightway sailed to Argos & there \on this sea to/ remote regions with Merchandice of Egypt & Syria & coming to Argos when they had there after \in/ 5 or 6 days sold almost all their merchandize & Io the kings daughter came with other weomen to buy, they seized her & several some others of the weomen & carried them wit |into| Ægypt, And afterwards some & this \saith Herodotus/ was the beginning of injuries. Then Afterwards some \when the/ Greeks sailing to Tyre stole away the kings daughter Europa \thence from Tyre {illeg}/ & {illeg} carried her to Crete Perseus {sic} {illeg} to Ioppa brought away |{illeg} had learnt navigation of the Phœnicians, some merchants of Crete \{illeg}/ brought away \stole/ Europa from Tyre or Sidon. & Perseus brought \carried/ away| Andromeda \from Ioppa some other Greeks Europa from Sidon or Tyre/, Iason Medea from Colchos, Hercules & Telamon Hesione from Troy & Paris Helena from Greece: all wch after several expostulations ended in the Trojan warr. And \all/ these things were \I reccon/ the consequences of expelling the Phœnicians \Shepherds/ out of Egypt, wch occasioned \by means of great commotions in Phœnicia & Palestine & Phœnicia &/ the improvement of Navigation \on ye Mediter/ occasioned thereby.

consequent thereunto & the improvement of n

Chronologers place the rapture of {illeg} these weomen earlier then the days of David & Solomon but but wthout good grownd. ffor the Europeans had no Chronology ancienter then the Persian Monarchy, & whatever Chronology we have now of ancienter times in Europe has been framed since \from genealogies &/ by conjecture. The Greeks recconned not by any Æra before the age \end/ of Plato \the Persian Monarchy/. Hippias who lived in the 105th Olympiad first counted by the Olympiads & was mocked for it by Plato. The Latins had no Historian so ancient as Alexander ye great & their old Records were burnt \by the Gauls/ {Anno Vran} 365 as Plutarch mentions in Numa about \Plutarch in Numa/ 52 years before his reign Tis safer therefore to rely upon the earlier records of the eastern nations. ffor the Phœnicians had Annals as early as the days of David: & Tatian in his book against the Greeks relates – – – Pergamus mentions in his writings. But while <210v> the Historians – – – – happened soon after & therefore we may place the rapture of Europa in the beginning of Solomons reign.

Historians tell us that Agenor the father of Cadmus & Europa was brother to Belus the father of Ægyptus & Danaus & Manetho tells us that Ægyptus & Danaus were Sethosis & Hermæus or Armais: by wch recconing Cadmus E Sethos & Danaus were contempory {sic} to Cadmus & Europa & that Sethosis had /having\ forces by land & sea left the government of Egypt to his brother Armais while he invaded & conquered Cyprus Phœnicia {illeg} Media Persian & other oriental nations. Whence its plain that \this/ Sethosis was the same man with Sesostris & that he & Danaus were contemporaries to Cadmus & Europa & by consequence to Solomon, & therefore Sethosis or Sesostris can be no other king of Egypt then that Sesac to whom Ieroboam fled in the reign of Solomon & who saith presently after Solomons death invaded & Conquered Phœnicia Iudea & spoiled ye Temple. I do not affirm that Cadmus & Sesostris were so nearly related as this genealogy represents but I say that ye genealogy be it true or false is very ancient & is grounded upon the synchronism of Cadmus & Sesostris. And the same thing \synchronism/ may be also gathered from hence that Memnon who live \was/ two generations later then Sesostris was contemporary to the war of Troy as shall be shewn hereafter.

Diodorus tells us that the Egyptians had 4|5| principal \these/ lawmakers Mnevis, Sasyches, Sesostris, & Boccharis & Amasis, but & that Sesyches made excellent laws relating to ye honour & worship of ye Gods & found out Geometry & taught Astronomy. Whence I conclude that he is \Sasyches/ is the same king with Sesostris: for Sesostris by dividing measuring & distributing Egypt into equal squares gave a beginning to Geometry. |& that Sasyches made excellent laws relating to the honour of the Gods & worship of the Gods & found out Geometry & taught Astronomy.| Mnevis is Menes the founder first king of Thebes \& This/ who began his reign in ye tenth year of S|t|he Shepherds as above. & Sasyches is Sesach the same name with Sesach. To Menes \or Mnevis/ the sacred Ox Mnevis was dedicated. To him the sacred Ox Mnevis was dedicated. Sasyches is the same name with Sesach & I take him to be the same king \Lawgiver/ \man/ with Sesostris \next named/, because \it was/ Sesostris \who/ by dividing Egypt into equal squares gave a beginning to Geometry, & if they be not the same Lawgiver Sesostris \by this record/ must be later then Sesac according to this record, whereas all historians make him either the same or an earlier king.

As the Egyptians ascribed to Mercury all ingenious inventions relating to arts & sciences, so they {illeg} attributed to the Osiris several things done by later Kin Sesostris. As where they say that | For they tells {sic} that Osiris built Thebes wth an hundred gates, & magnificent Temples & golden Altars & in his days Projectors & ingenious Artists were in great esteem & in Thebes were Goldsmiths & Brasiers for making Arms & instruments for husbandry & Images of ye Gods & Golden altars & that he went through the world with a great army & taught men to plant vines & sow corn, & reduced them from brutish to civil lives: that there went along with him those that were skilful in husbandry as Maro in the planting of vines & Triptolemus in the sowing of corn, that in passing through Ethiopia Arabia & India he built many cities & took care to have statues of himself set up in every place as lasting monuments of his expedition: that having passed though {sic} the rest of Asia he c transported the rest of his army \through the Hellespont/ into Europe & in Thrace killed Lycurgus king of the Barbarians & appointed <211r> Triptolemus to till the land in Attica & where wines {sic} would not grow he taught to make drink of barley, & brought back with him into Egypt the most pretious & richest things that every place did afford. All these things are the history of Sesostris under the name of Osiris \& point out the time of his reign/. ffor Lycurgus was contempo & Triptolemus lived one or two generations before the Argonautic expedition & therefore were contemporary to Sesostris.

[Editorial Note 76] <211v>

suffice for so many people & called it Ierusalem. He confounds the shepherds wth ye Israelites as if the Israelites were the shepherds expelled by Misphragmuthosis & upon their first coming out of Egypt seated themselves in Palestine & built Ierusalem, whereas the Israelites came out of Egypt before the Shepherds went into it. But however he lets us understand these things that when the shepherds were expelled Egypt they seated returned into Phœnicia their original country & there seated themselves & that this was done before the seventh year of David. For David reigned seven years in Hebron & then smote the Gebusites & took from them Iebus wch is Ierusalem & reigned there 33 years more & built Ierusalem round about.

And hence I seem to gather that the shepherds upon retiring out of Egypt were received \seated themselves/ /joyned mixed\ in great numbers by \{among}/ /with\ the Philistims \their next neighbours/ & by this conjunction conquered Phœnicia Pe Phœnicia. ffor the \inabled the|m| Philistims/ |to| invaded & conquered \all/ Phœnicia, ffor the Philistims in those days & disperse ffor the Philistims in those days grew very potent & conquered the Israelites & reigned \long/ over them all \even from/ the days of Sampson & afterwards & in the reign of Saul they {illeg} |\& though/ Samuel obteined a victory over them {illeg} 13 Iud. {illeg} yet the|y| Israelites wer were \again/ lords over Israel when Saul was annointed King 1 Sam 9.16 & at that time they| suffered not a Smith to be in all the land of Israel least ye Israelites should make them swords & spears, & \when Ionathan smote one of their Garrisons, they/ brought into the feild against Saul thirty thousand chariots & six thousand horsmen & people as ye sand on the sea shore in multitude 1 Sam. 13. And from this their dominion over all \all the land of Canaan/ Phenicia they {illeg} gave the name the whole country acquired the names of Palestine \& Phœnicia/ that is the land of the Philistims, & of Phœnicia that is the th land of the children of Anak. {illeg} ffor Iosua {illeg} after Ioshua had destroyed the Amakim out of ye land & left none of them {illeg} in the land of the children of Israel except in Gaza & in Gath & in Ashdod the head cities of the Philistims (Ios. 11.22) |& Phœnicians. \For these w/ Bochart derives the name of Phœnicians from בני ענה Phœnicians Bene Anak (that is children of Anak) & by contraction Beank or Pheanac, & the children \of Anak/ remained only in the cities of the Philistims (Ios 11.22) & growing into one people with them gave their name to ye nation.| & from their name \They were called/ בני {illeg} ענה (Bene Anak (or sons \children/ of Anak \Num 13. Deut. 9/) & by \And from that {illeg} name/ contractio|ed|n (Beanak or Pheanak) Bochart well derives the name of Phœnac Phœnia Boch Phœnices Punici Pœni. Their dominion lasted till David routed them in several battels \beat them in many battels & at the same time/ took Ierusalem from the Iebusites & \built it/ by the assistance of Hiram king of Tyre. built it round about & \having beaten/ subdued the Philistims in many battels & subdued his enemies round about. Which might \well/ give occasion to Manetho to reccon Ierusalem built by the shepherds who came out of Egypt. |he knowing no other originall of the Israelites then from this kingdom of the Phœnicians.| ffor divers \some/ of the ancients recconed the Israelites to be a branch |or {sic} part \or tribe/| of the Phœnicians, as Herodotus where he saith \represents/ that \in {illeg} Palestine/ some of the Phœnicians in Palestine were circumcised [{illeg} Euterpe c 104.]

Stephanus in Azot saith that Τάυτην ἐκτισαν εἱς των ἐπανελθόντων ἀπ᾽ Ερυθρας θαλάσσης φυγάδων \Azot or Ashdod (one of the five head cities of ye Phil)/ It was built by an exul coming from the Red sea. That is, as I interpet {sic}, it was built more nobly by o|O|ne of the |exiled /fugitive\| shepherds who lead\ing/ his people thither from the red sea, enlarged its dominion aft enlarged the dominion of that city & built it more sumptuously. Then

Trogus \lib 18/ tells us: pos A Rege Ascaloniorum expugnati Sidonij Tyrum urbem ante annum – – Trojanæ cladis condiderunt. This Iosephus puts 240 years before the building of Solomons Temple. I had rat Probably it was when ye {illeg} Philistims by the accession of the Shepherds out of Egypt began to be potent. Sidon thus coming into ye hands of the Philistims & Shepherds & being in those \days/ the principal city trading by sea was by the Greeks celebrated as the head city of Phœnicia so that the inhabitants of the sea coasts of Phœnicia were anciently called Sidonians. Whence Homer often names Sidon & Sidonians but makes no mention of Tyre. And Isaiah calls Tyre the daughter of Sidon <211r> the inhabitants of the Isle whom the Merchants \of Sidon/ that pass over the sea have replenished

When David made war upon the Philistims he had friendship with Hiram king of Tyre & by that friendship & the access of people from flying from ye vanquished Philistims \& Edomites/ the dominion of Tyre seems to have been much enlarged [197]ffor Hiram king of Tyre added to the cities eastward & built the city greater & {sic} the Temple of Iupiter Olympius wch was in an Island he joyned to the city by a ridge of earth thrown between them & adorned the temple with gifts of gold & demolishing the ancient Temples built new ones & dedicated the temples to Hercules & Astartes. And thenceforward Tyre continued the head of a flourishing kingdom till Nebuchadnezzar sackt it.

[After the Phenicians began to trafic upon the Mediterranean as far as Grece some \one of/ their merchants carried {sic} away \having got with child/ Io the daughter of Inachus a King of ye Greeks into Egypt carried her away into Egypt & in revenge of this injury a merchant of Crete \the Greeks/ /Crete\ stole away Europa the daughter of {illeg} Agenor a king of ye Phenicians. & carried her into Crete & of her Asterius king of Crete begat Minos Rhadamanthus & Sarpedon & C her brother Cadmus being sent by Agenor to seek Europa \her|is| sister/ brought letters into Greece. Tatian in his book against the Greeks relates that amongst the Phœnicians flourished three historians Theodotus Hypsicrates & Mochus – – – & therefore we may place the rapture of Europa about the 3d or 4th year of Solomons reign. ffor Lucian[198] tells us that the Phœnicians \Sidonians (as he was informed by the Phœnian {sic} Priests)/ {nuilt {sic}} a Temple to Europa & coyned \used/ money wth ye figura of Europa sitting upon a Bull, & if they had her memory in so much honour it may \well/ be presumed that they entered her story in their a|A|nnals. Now Agenor is supposed to have ben originally an Egyptian Now & the some will have the letters wch Cadmus brought into Greece to have come out of Egypt originally. And Conon (who lived in the reign \age/ of Iulius Cæsar & Augustus) in his 32th Narration tells us that when Cadmus was sent to seek his sister Europa he was accompanied wth Proteus who fearing the tyranny of Busiris had fled out of Egypt & in his 37th Narration that the Phenicians were at that time potent & having subdued a great part of Asia had placed their royal seat at Thebes in Egypt. He seems to confound the reign of the Shepherds \who reigned/ having \Phœnicians/ wth that of the Egyptians who reigned at Thebes & expelled the shepherd & at la subdued a good part of Asia taking the|m| shepherds for Egyptians because they came out of Egypt they \they intermixed with/ the shepherds \who/ came out of Egypt.

And so C in his 40th narration he tells us that Cepheus the father of Andromeda wch is \(whom others make an Egyptian{)}/ reigned in Phœnicia & that his kingdom extended from the Mediterranean Sea to those Arabians who inhabit the Red Sea & was at first called Ioppa from the city Ioppe seated on the Mediterranean.]

<212r>

This is that Bacchus who {illeg} in his return out of India left \the {illeg}/ {part} of his army at Nysa a town wch he built in India \in India/ for that purpose in India |at ye foot of a Mountain covered with {Ivy} called from his Nurse Nyssa.| (as the Inhabitants related to Alexander ye great, {illeg}) & [in imitation of whom Alexander in his \in his/ returned from India \(as some relate) marched/ through Carmania marched amongst his friends \singing/ enterteining his \ears/ wth Music. in a chario \being followed/ by his crowned soldiers \who folled {sic} him following being/ crowned & playing & distributing to ye people of Carmania corn & other things apperteing {sic} to pleasure. ffor in this \triumphant/ manner they say Bacchus went through Asia, he being \& {illeg} therefore he is/ reputed the author of triumph Arrian. l. 5. p 101 & l 6 p 143

ffor ye Bacchus whom they worshipped in Attica was not ye son of Semele but {illeg} another Bacchus whom ye Athenians repute the son of Iupiter & Proserpina Arrian l 2 p 43. In his return out of India

This is that Bacchus who was potent in war & is

He \He was the first/ is reputed ye \first/ author of Triumph, \being potent in war &/ marching being recreated in his marches \by those about him/ wth songs & musick & dancing \& exclamations/ & his soldiers crow wearing crow being crowned imperia vociferation & the {sic} vociferations \by the acclamations/ of his army \soldiers/ in memory of \all/ which the Bacchanalia were instituted [in {sic} all the east.] \Macrob Saturnal. l. 1 c 19 Arrian l. 6. p. 143. ✝/ < insertion from lower down f 212r > ✝ And some say that < text from higher up f 212r resumes > In his return out of India he built t left the infan part of his army at \there, built/ Nysa a town wch he {sic} built for that purpose \in India/ neare \Nysa a town of India/ at ye foot of a mountain covered wth Ivy neare the river In India & wch was so called \was named/ from his Nurse Nyssa \& left part of his army there/ as the inhabitants related to Alexander ye great. Arrian l 5 p 101. ✝ < insertion from lower down f 212r > ✝ In this city & in Nysa of Arabia he was much worshipped & thence called Dionysus \that is/ the God of Nysa. < text from higher up f 212r resumes > The Arabians worshipped but two Gods, {illeg} \Vranus &/ Bacchus & Vranus & he was that Bacchus being worshipped by them for his victories \propagated/ as far as India Arrian. l. 7. p 161. // When he \Osiris/ undertook his expedition through ye world he travelled as far \left/ Egypt under the government of Isis \his wife/ & \Thoth or/ Mercury his wife & scribe Secretary who \who/ after his death they \they/ celebrated his funerals with sacrifices & divine honours & instituted sacred rites & mystical ceremonies to his worship \& particularly/ in memory of his great works. \[199]Among these rites I reccon the solemnity of the sacred Ox Apis./ This Mercury was the first that observed ye motion of the stars; invented Arithmetic & ye art of curious graving & cutting of Statues. Diodor l. 1 [200] Eusebius makes Tat or Thoth the son of Hermes Trismegistus \to be/ contemporary to \this Bacchus & to/ Busiris king or viceroy of the lower Egypt & to Cadmus & Europa & Asterius king of Crete. And \And/ Manetho speaks of an older Mercury contemporary to Menes calls him|s| \father Hermes/ the second Mercury. The first reigned next after Menes \& being called Athathes & \in the Canons. He/ seems to be the great Thoyth or Thoth of ye Eg/. The second who was ye father of Tat, translated the books of ye first out of the sacred characters & into books wch he laid up in ye Egyptian Temples] |inscriptions writ made left in sacred or hieroglyphical letters upon pillars out of sacred or hieroglyphical characters| into books the \hieroglyphical/ inscriptions wch the first had left on Pillars in sacred or hieroglyphical characters, & laid up these books in the Temples of Egypt. And these books were \afterwards/ carried yearly in solemn procession by the Priests as Clemens Alexandrinus relates at large. There was a third Mercury called Siphoas \Sophis or Saophis/ in the Dynasties of \called Siphoas of whom hereafter./ \whom/ Manetho & Eratosthenes call in in their Dynasties call Siphoas Suphis & Saophis & who was a Merchant & wrote a sacred book.

The Greeks call him als

This is that Apis \or Serapis/ to whom ye sacred Ox Apis was dedicated & whom ye Greeks suppose to be ye son of Io the daughter of Inach

Isis \or {illeg}/ is by the Greeks sometimes \usually/ taken for \Ceres & both of them for/ Io the daughter of Inachus whom they \sometimes/ feign to be the \grandmother or/ mother of Apis Serapis or Osiris \that is of Sesac/ & sometimes his wife, this uncertainty arising from hence that Io was an age or two older then {illeg} <212v> & sometimes they feign [Niobe the daughter of Phoroneus to be the mother of the Egyptian Apis or Osiris, saying \pretending/ that Apis the son of Iupiter & Niobe went into Egypt & taught the Egyptians tillage & ye use of wine & for these things was worshipped by the Egyptians in form of the Ox Apis] Apis to be the son of Phoroneus or the son of Niobe the daughter of Phoroneus: ffrom all wch we gather \these various fictions arising frō hence/ that Phoroneus & Io seem to be an age or \were a generation or/ two earlier then Sesostris the Egyptian Isis the wife of Sesak.

Osi Sesak /Sesostris\ reigned long; for when Darius Hystaspis would have placed his own Statue in the room of Sesak Sesostrises & the Priest of Vulcan opposed it

The first ages counted months by ye \visible/ returns of ye Moon & years by the \visible/ returns of ye Sun or of summer & winter, {illeg} according to ye saying of Moses that ye Sun & \Moon/ were for signes & for seasons & for days & for years, & as often as they found 12 \perceived 12 lunar/ months too short for ye Summer & winter \returning season of the/ year they added a 13th. So the By this means the Iews always began their sacred \civil/ year in spring \autumn/ so that in ye middle of \one & th/ the first month \Abib/ they could \always/ offer \yt ye same months always fell upon the same seasons of the year. ffor in the month Abib they always offered/ the first fruits of their corn, in autumn whence that month was called \Abib that is/ an ear of corn. And t|T|his year the Iews brought out of Egypt excepting that Moses changed the seven month into the first, \was brought out of Egypt by the Iews Israelites/ whence \& therefore was/ the old Egyptian year was Lunisolar & began in Autumn, & by the same way of recconning \the months of {sic}/ the old years of the Greeks always began in summer \kept to the same seasons of the year/ so that the Olympic games were always clebrated soon after the summer Equinox \at midsummer            solstice & other Solemnities & Feasts at other \certain/ Seasons of ye year/.// {illeg} When they \the Ancients/ were to reccon times past or to come \or were to summ up the num days in any number of years/, in doing of wch they could have no assistance from ye {illeg} appearances of the sun & moon, they took the round numbers of 30 days to a month & 12 months to a year {illeg} & according to this way of recconing |supposed| {divided} made the year to consist of 360 days & the divided the Zodiack & \Zodiac into 12 signes & every signe into 30 degrees \parts or degrees/ & the Ecliptic Ecliptick into/ into {sic} 360 degrees \parts degrees/ so that a degree \part or degree/ might answer to the day suns motion in a day. An And this seems to have ben the original of dividing a circle into 360 parts \degrees/.// At length they sought out rules for adding \the Ancients observed that/ the 13th month & found that it was to be added thrice in eight years or more exactly seven times in 19 years & hence came \or thereabouts/ & by that {illeg} means they became able to keep a recconning for {illeg} 7 or eight together without \by lunar months/ without being correcting the years the correcting the year by the seasons of ye year \spring & autumn summer & winter/ above once in {illeg} \7 or/ 8 years & this wch was the Octaeris the Phœnicians seem to have brought out of Egypt into Greece it being [used by Minos \in celebrating/ the son of Europa & by in ye Panathenea & of of ye Athenians the {illeg} Pythic games at Delpho] the a[201] Annus magnus of Cadmus \& used by Minos the son/ & \Minos & being/ used {illeg} in{illeg} c[202] many religions of Greece & in celebrating the Panathenea at Athens {b}[203] or Ludi Pythici at Delphos. & by Minos {illeg} \For/ Herodotus tells us that \the/ Greece|ks| had |their| its Oracles & ffestivals \& Oracles/ from Egypt. At length the Egyptians counted {illeg} not {illeg} not only the months but also \began to count/ ye days in the year by taking \& for that end took/ /& {illeg} taking\ the year of 360 days & \they/ filling|ed| a bowle of milk in every day to find the difference between this year & ye solar. And this I take to be the first instance of numbering the days in the year.

At length the Egyptians began to enquire into \examin \count// the number of days in the year & because they were reputed to be 360, they filled so counted them by filling so many \360/ bowles with milk & thus keeping a recconing by years of 360 days they soon found this year too short by about 5 days. This ceremony of counting the 360 days by {illeg} filling bowls wth milk being perfermed {sic} \by priests with mourning & lamentation/ in the sepulchre of Osyris was doubtles \a funeral rite/ in honour to his memory <213r> & {illeg} \signifies/ that he \was the author of/ observing the revolutions of ye sun \& counting the days/ in order to find the true length of ye year. And this gave a beginning to Astronomy. ffor while men recconed only by summers & winters & lunar months \or by years of 360 days & months of 30 days/ & knew not the \just/ number of days in the solar year, these motions of the Planets could not be computed from Observations for want of knowing the just number of days between the Observations. You heard that Sasyches or Sesostris here called Osiris taught Astronomy & that his sacred scribe Mercury was the first that observed the motion of the stars & invented Arithmetick \(an Art necessary to Astronomy)/ & instituted sacred \funeral/ rites in memory of the great works \of Osiris/ & this monument confirms it.

Herodotus tells us that the Greeks added a month \to/ every other year, I suppose he means excepting once in eight years, & this gives you the form of ye old Octaeris before the Greeks corrected it. \In summing up the number of days in 70 years/ He {sic} reccons /by the round number of\ thirty days to every months notwithstanding that ye Greeks used lunar months for many of wch consisted of no more then 29 days.

Censorinus tells you that ye ancient cities of Greece recconed \made/ every other year to consist of 13 mont lunar months, (I suppose he means excepting once in 8 years) And \that/ two of these years made the Dieteris of the ancients. \/ < insertion from lower down f 213r > ✝ And by consequence four of them made the Tetraeris & eight the Octaeris. of ye Ancients \before the Astronomers corrected these periods/. And this is confirmed by Herodotus who makes Solon reccon by such years \the age of man by years of 12 & 13 months alternately/ excepting that instead of Lunar months wch often had but 29 days he reccons by ye round number of 30 days to a month as was the custome of ye ancients {illeg} as was ye custome of ye ancients in such cases before they knew the just number of days in the year length of ye year. < text from higher up f 213r resumes > And Herodotus represents Solon recconning by such years excepting that instead of Lunar months wch \then/ consisted of \but/ 29 & {30} days, he reccons in round numbers by months of 30 days as was the custome of ye ancients.

At length the Egyptians began

This form of the {illeg} Octaeris \form of the Octaeris among the Greeks/ seems to have been \{formed}/ by adding a month to every other year except once in 8 years. ffor it appears out of Herodotus Censorinus & Geminus that they intercaled every other year made ye \the old Greek/ years were alternately of 12 & 13 months. Th Two of these years therefore made the Dieteris of ye Ancients consisting three times of 25 \lunar/ months & once of 24 & four of them made the Tetraeris consisting of 49 & 50 lunar months alternately, & the Omission of ye intercalary month every eighth years made the Octaeris consisting of 99 Lunar Months \[& its probable that the Dodecaeteris of the Chaldeans was of the same kind]/. And for the length of \ffor/ ye Months they \were still/ defined them by the \visible/ returns of ye Moon, [excepting \that/ when they were to reccon inter times past or to come they took 30 days to the round number of 30 days to a month as we find done by Herodotus.] in computing the da And this seem to have been the state of the old years before ffor |ffor {sic} e[204] Solon commanded the Athenians to count the days by the Moon & called the 29th day \day of the new moon/ ενην καὶ νέαν the old & the new, reccon|ferr|ing \to the old month/ that part of ye day wch preceded the conjunction & the rest of ye day to the new. And| Geminus tells us that ye old all the Greeks by their laws & the dictates of their Oracles made their years agree with the \course of the/ Sun & their months & days of the month wth ye course of the Moon so that the same sacrifices might \always/ fall upon the same seasons of the year. |And f[205] Cicero that ye Sicilians & other Greeks to make their days & months agree wch the courses of the Sun & Moon sometimes tooke away a day or two from the month & sometimes made the month longer by one or two days.| And this seems to have been the state of the year whe{l}|n| the nations defined the length of their \years &/ months & years by the \visible/ courses of the Sun & Moon & counted only the days of the Month \Moon/ & the Months \Moons/ in the year, & took it for granted that the year consisted of about 360 days \or thereabouts/ without counting \all/ them days.

But at length when the nations \grew more curious &/ began to count the days in \the whole/ year in order to find out its just length, in days they \soon/ made new regulations of the year for computing time more exactly. X And first the Egyptians counted the \revolutions of/ 360 days by filling so many bowls wth milk & by this means soon founind|ing| the|is| year too short for the course of the Sun by about 5 days they made the \soon soon formed a/ year to consist of 365 days as shall be explained hereafter. This ceremony of counting the 360 days by being performed wth mourning &

<213v>

And because they before the invention of Astronomy the nations determined the beginning of their Months by the first appearance of the new moon thence it came to pass that the Israelites Arabians, \Sabæans Egyptians/ Greeks, Latins & other \ancient/ nations celebrated the new Moons \& some of them the full Moons/ wth \rejoycing &/ festivals & (wch gave occasion to several the worship of the Moon among the Gentiles) & thence also it came to pass that some I /some\ nations \as the Israelites, Arabians, \&/ Athenians Italian/ began their day in ye evening the time when the new moon first appeared. [And upon the custome of intercaling a month was grounded the law of Moses that {illeg} the Israelites who \upon ye 14 day of ye 1st month/ were unclean or in a journey should keep the Passover upon ye 14th day of ye second month.] And because ye year exceeded 12 lunar months thence it became a custome with all {illeg} nations before /became a custome wth all nations in the first ages\ |\came to pass/ that all the oldest years of which we have any notice had intercalary months except the solary {illeg} /the first\ of the except the solary years of 364|5| or 360 days (so far as we have any notice of their years first ages| to {illeg} intercale a Months, & on this custome is grownded the Law of Moses[206] that the Israelites who upon ye 14th day of ye first Month were unclean or in a journey should keep the Passover on ye 14th day of ye next Month Num 9.11. Its true that [[207]David indeed appointed but 12 captains for ye 12 mon for all the Months of ye year, a captain for every Month, |whence some think the Mosaic \old time/ year \of the Israelites/ had but 12 Months. But the intercalary month being called by the same name with the 12 month might be looked upon as comprehended in ye twelve and the twelve| but {sic} the same captains as oft as there was the{sic} months accordingly were {illeg} \{illeg} on wch the \Captains/ served being/ not called by their proper names, they might be changed \their captains/ as often as an intercalary month intervened, [For if they did not, the captains might by turns \take their turns to/ serve on the intercalary month, {illeg} that is every captain a month in 32 years besides his ordinary duty annual course, or the {illeg} intercalary month might be called by being called by the same name wth the 12 might be lookt upon as comprehended in the 12 or some other provison not mentioned in scripture might be made for the intercalary month] David indeed appointed but 12 captains for all ye Months of ye year a captain for a month, whence some think yt ye old civil year of ye Iews had but 12 months \& by consequence that the months were not lunar/: but the intercalary month being called by the same name wth ye 12th month might be looked upon as comprehended in the 12 \twelve/ & being an extraordinary month might have some extraordinary provision made for it not mentioned in scripture. suppose \as/ by the captains changing their months as oft as ye intercalary month intervened or by serving by turns on ye intercalary month \that is/ every captain once in 32 years besides his annual course.

Besides these Luni-solars {sic} years wch the ancients used in their \religious &/ civil affairs they had an arithmetical year a ye another year adapted \fitted/ for computation, wch y may \therefore be/ called their arithmetical year. ffor as often as they were to reccon times past or to come or were to summ up the days or months in any number of years, in doing – – into 360 degrees. But it is not to be suppposed that any nation used \such/ a yeare|s| of 360 \or months/ in religious & \or/ civil affairs. ffor \in seven/ the beginning of such a year would \in seventy years/ have run round the solar year ye {sic} 4 seasons of ye solar year & thereby have discovered that the year was shorter then the solar by one year in the solar year was longer then this year by one year in seventy whereas the just length of ye solar year was not known in Greece \is {illeg} till the/ till after \before/ the days of the {illeg} Solon times of the Persian Monarchy. & the Greeks then h |the difference between this & |ye| solar year the length of ye solar year much sooner then it was known. And the {illeg} such Months \of 30 days/ would in a much shorter time \year or two have/ notoriously disagreed from the course of the Moon.| When therefore Herodotus & others reccon by months of 30 days & \or/ Geminus tells you \us/ that ye months of ye Greeks \ancients/ consisted of 30 days, they are so to be understood that of the Arithmetical months, & that \which/ ye ancients in applying them \such months/ /them\ to civil used|s| made them longer or shorter by \as often a added or subducted \made them shorter or longer by// a day or two as often as the course of the Moon required \so/ that their |{illeg}| months & years might constantly agree wth the heavens.

[Editorial Note 77]

And even the year it self of 365 days points at him for the author & to ye same \also fixes/ the time of his reign.

The fruits of the earth were growing all the year \from seed time & grew ripe in summer/ & were gathered & {illeg} \at/ till autumn & thence the first ages who minded would be apt to end ye year in autum. So did the old Egyptians. / such was ye old Egy year wch ye Israelites brought out of Egypt till Moses till Moses turned the seventh till some new {illeg} Such was the year wch ye Israelites brought out of Egypt. till Moses changed the beginning from Autum to spring But as Moses changed the beginning of the year from Autumn till \to/ Spring so Memnon seems to have done upon instituting a new year. For if this year began \{illeg} /originally\/ at ye Autumnal Equinox it was an hundred years older then Moses: if at ye rising of the Dog star(as some think) it was 300 years older then Sesak & on this ground Syncellus seems to ascribes it to the Shepherds: but if at first it began

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For ye whole Assyrian Monarchy rose up out of such litle kingdoms as these not long before ye captivity of ye ten tribes. Herodotus tells us it stood 500 years: accord & according to wch recconing it must have risen about {illeg} about 390 years before yt captivity. And perhaps it mig Nineveh might then begin to flourish but was not yet \very/ considerable. ffor Homer who lived but 200 years before that captivity & speaks magnificently of little kingdoms knew nothing of this Monarchy. There is not a word of it in scripture till the end about sixty \before the reign of Phul which was about 50/ years before ye Captivity exce |For in the history of Sesostris or Sheshach who in & his successors who invaded all ye east there is not one word of the Assyrian Monarchy| The Prophet Ionas – – – – – all its neighbours round about. – Wo to The King \of Assyria/ till then was called king retained \according to ye ancient custome when cities were kingdoms/ is called \only/ king of Nineveh (Ionas 3.6) but after his rise the title wch wch shews that ye City Nineveh wth its suburbs was his but after his {illeg} \wards when he had conquered/ all Assyria wth ye regions round about he is constantly called King of Assyria. After this Monarchy was grown up there is frequent mention of it \tis mentioned/ in ye scriptures in the reign of almost every King, \in those of {illeg}/ Phul & Tiglathpileser & {illeg} Salmanasser & {illeg} Senacherib & Assarhadon & {illeg} Kings of Assyria & \afterwards in those of/ Manasses & Iosias kings of Iudah: but before the reign of Phul there is not one word of this monarchy \it/ in all the scriptures. And that Phul & Tiglathpileser & Salmanasser were the Kings who raised it set it up & that by ye conquest of many small kingdoms round about is plain by the scriptures Salmanass Seing therefore Senacherib {illeg} & threatned ye Iews wth those armies which \which/ in the days of his fathers had destroyed all nations & both he & ye Prophets speak of those things \conquests/ as \then/ fresh in mens memory, & we may reccon that they were made in the days of \those great warriors/ Pul Tiglathpileser & Salmanasser, especially since it appears by the scripture that a great par When Menahen king of Israel |the fathers of Senacherib. Ieroboam ye second King of Israel having conquered \the kingdoms of/ Damascus & Hamath, when his successor Manasses Manehen| came to ye crown he conquered Tiphsah or Tipsach a town \City with its territory/ upon Euphrates neare \adjoyning to/ Carchemish. {illeg} Whence its probable Whence it seems yt yt {sic} ye kingdom of Assyria did not yet extend so far. But soon after Pul made {illeg} made {sic} war in those parts & caused ye king of Israel \Menahen/ to redeem his. If For the \at that time he/ conquered Carchemish |buy his peace. If in that expedition he Pul conquered Carchemish as is {probable} {illeg} to Euphrates & subdued Carchemish (for he seems to have gone no further{)}| we may reccon that he began about that time to grow great. ffor ye kingdom of Carchemish was |lay chiefly if not wholy| in Mesopotamia & was was conquered \a little/ before that of Calneh & th (       ) & these two kingdoms Can \the regions of/ Mesopotamia & Calomitis were |ext| bordered upon |being next nearest to nearest to| Assyria {illeg} may be recconed among ye first conquests of ye Assyrians. For all these reasons therefore I begin this Monarchy wth ye reign of Pul, there being no evidence of an earlier epo æra epocha. except \For I pass by/ ye writings of ye fabulous Ctesias & those who have followed him his followers who make Ninus ye founder of this Monarchy. Kir, Kirne /Carine\

All lands.

All these nations had \had/ till now had their pe peculiar \several/ Gods whom they accounted \& each accounted his {own} God/ Gods of their|is| own land & Nation & every on d|t|he defender thereof from ye Gods of the{illeg} neighbouring countries (2 King. 26.29, 30, 31. & 27.33, 34, 35 2 Chron 32.15) & this shews therefore \they/ were never till now \before {illeg}/ subject to one common goverment: but now being small kingdoms, ye king of Assyria easily overthrew \overflowed ym/ them {sic}. Know ye{illeg} not, saith Sennacherib to ye Iews, yt |wt| I & my fathers – He & his fathers therefore {illeg} Salmanasser, Tiglathpileser & Phul were all of them great conquerors & as it were wth an irresistible \with a/ current of victories set up this monarchy. \Before the reign of/ I When \After/ Wn Ieroboam & Menahen kings of Israel had conquered to Euphrates {illeg} ye kingdoms of Damascus & Hamath & extending their victories to Euphrates \Menahen/ destroyed Tipsac with its territories, Phul \soon after/ invaded Ma\ne/hen & forced him to buy his peace bet & then returned wthout setting & for a summ of money returned back wthout taking any from him in Syria. If Which \This/ makes it probable that this {illeg} \Phul ended Pul's/ expedition \of Phul/ was agt ye cities of Syria Mesopotamia, & I & yt \he Pul now took conquered ye {Kd}/ Carchemish was now ffor that City lay o \at/ Tipsac was {illeg} a fordable place of Euprates {sic} \for armies to pass over/ & Carchemish was on the other side ye river \& its reasonable to think that Phul became {terrible} to ye King of Israel by his victories/ Calneh was conquered after Carchemish (  ) <214v> & Mesopotamia & Chalonitis being next Assyria are to be recconed among ye beginn its first conquests. [ffor these reasons therefore I begin this Monarchy wth ye reign of Pul about 50 or 60 years before ye captivity of ye 10 Tribes. ffor after] & Phul &] And therefore seeing Phul & {illeg} \{illeg}/ his successors for {illeg} ye siege of Ierusalem that is for 6 years |[Tigl. Salm. & Sennach. were \all of them/ great warriors the warred with \constant/ success| together \untill/ Sennacherib [invaded Iudea \& took ye fenced cities thereof/, that] is \lost his army in Iudea that is/ for about 60 years together, were all of them great warriors & \& all this while/ with an {illeg} \a constant & \an/ irresistibl/ {a} current of victories overflowed ye all lands: we may \well/ reccon that these kings \by their victories/ set up this Monarchy & so begin it with the reign of Phul. ffor before his reigne there is not one word of it in all ye scriptures, but from that time tis mentioned in ye reign of every king, \vizt/ |in yt of| Phul & Tiglathpileser & Salmanasser & Sennacherib & {illeg} Eserhaddon & afterwards in yt reign of Manasses & Iosias kings of Israel. Had it been great before Herodotus indeed tells us the reign of Pul is I see not why it should not have been mentioned as often then as now.

Another instance of this division kind we have in ye 12 sons of Ishmael. ffor wn Moses had named them he subjoyns. These are ye sons of Ishmael & these are their names by their towns & by their castles, twelve princes according to their nations – & they dwelt from Havilah unto Shur that is before Egypt as thou goest to Assyria.

The|se {sic}| \victories date from ye reign of P/ first of these conquerors we read of is Pul, before he entred Syria \& I take him to be/ In his days the Kings of Israel had conquered Dan the Kingdoms of Dā & Ham & extended|ing| their victories to Euphrates destroyed Thipsac wth its territories. In Then came Phul against ye K. of Israel but by a summ of money was perswaded to retreat without {sic} doing the K of Israel \out of Syria wthout {incurring any}/ any {sic} dammage. There been at Th Whence its probable that |At Thipsac there was a fordable place of Euphrates & Carchemish stood on ye other side the river. Whence its prob| [This fear of ye King of Israel shews that Pul was \now/ grown terrible by his victories & the return of Pul out of Syria shews that his expedition was] wch makes \Whence/ its probable \I reccon it seems/ that this expedition \of Pul/ was \designed/ agt ye cities ye Cities of Mesop. that by his victories \{there}/ he was grown terrible to ye King of Israel & that he \had newly/ conquered the Kingdom of Carchemish \a little/ before \when/ he came over Euphrates. |For had he been Mr of it long before sinc Euphrates is there fordable he would have been heard of in Syria before now.| Calneh was conquered after Carchemish (          ) & Mesopotamia & Chalonitis being next \are nearest to/ Assyria are \& theref/ to be recconned amongst ye first conquests of ye Assyrians. Seing therefore Pul & his \{illeg}/ successors \T. S & S/ warred with constant success untill Sennacherib lost his army {agt} in Iudea that is for about \55 or/ 60 years together & by this current of victories overflowed all lands we may well reccon that these \four/ kings set up this monarchy & {illeg} so begin it wth the reign \{illeg} date it from the {illeg} \expedition// of Pul into Mesopotamia, that being nearest province to Nineve Province being nearest to Nineve & so the first in order to be conquered. ffor before that expedition there is not one word of this Monarchy in all the scriptures: {illeg} but from that time its mentioned in ye reign of {illeg} almost every king. / Seing therefore Pul \/ by his warrs neare home grew formidable to Israel & \/ is the first Assyrian {illeg} warrior we read of \/ & he & his successors Tigl. Salm & Sen̄ach. warred wth constant successes untill Sen. – monarchy & |so| date it from ye reign of Pul. ffor before his reign there is not one word of this monarchy in all ye scr. but from that time its mentioned in ye reign of almost every king. In ye days of Ionas \that is about an 100 y. bef. ye capt. of the 10 tribes/ {illeg} Nineve was a (including its gardens & suburbs for feeding of Cattel Herodotus indeed tells us this Monarchy stood 500 years was indeed a great city but not yet {illeg}|not| so great |potent above its neighbours as not to be terrified by ye pr of S & fear being| as \{Not}/ to fear being ruined by \some of/ them within 40 days. After it grew potent its kings were constantly called Kings of Assyria but in the days of Ionas they were called only kings of ye city Nineve (Ion                 Herodotus \indeed/ makes this monarchy to have lasted 500 years but he might date this number from some new dunasty {sic} of their kings before they grew very potent. In ye days of Ionas – Nineve (Ion 2    ) The opinion of ye fabulous Ctesias & his followers who derive this Monarchy from Ninus I pass by.

Had we distinct accounts of those early ages I doubt not but we might find a much better greater number of Kingdoms went to ye cou of ye wch went to make up the body of ye Assyrian Monarchy then we are now able to reccon

<215r>

|ffor| All {sic} the Medes, as Herodotus tells \informs/ us, after they had been conquered by the Assyrians & recovered their liberty, lived for a while |in several δημοις free towns Corporations or free pol or distinct polities| under their proper laws till at length to put an end to such rapines & disorders \villanies/ as were every committed where \{illeg} for want of punishments/ comitted among the {illeg} δημοι polities \free/ towns & Corporations for want of punishments

For Her all the Medes as Herodotus informs us, after they had been conquered by ye Assyrians & recovered their liberty lived for a while under their proper laws being divided every where into δημοι corporations or little polities \small peoples or bodies politick|es|/, under the \such as in ye scripture are called \little/ kingdoms)/ amongst wch when rapines & villanous \hostilities/ were every where committed without punishment & they \called a assembled in a council & began to treat of their common state &/ finding a common judge & just \common/ laws requisite to put an end to those mischiefs wch were grown too grievous to be longer endured: they agreed to set up a King over them that their who might govern the whole nation \state/ by good laws. Thereupon they created one Dejoces their king & {illeg} at his request built him a pallace fit for such King & a \royal/ City whose walls equalled those of Athens in compass, there being it seems till then no city in all Media bigg enough & well enough fortified \& adorned/ for a royal seat. This City \was/ Ecbatane now called Ispahan by the natives. So then |all| \all/ Media continued \was anciently every where/ divided into small kingdoms wch were at warr \lived each under its own laws & warred/ with one another till the reign of Dejoces \united them &/ laid the foundation of the monarchy of ye Medes & Persians.

In Asia Minor \In the lesser Asia/ Homer reckons 15 up 15 several small people nations wch were confede came to ye assistance of Troy each under ye command of his own Prince & yet all their territories mad together made but a \very/ small part of \this/ Asia. minor. The biggest first \greatest /great\/ Kingdom of {illeg} we read of there was the Lydian seated at Sardes & that grew great only in the reign of its two last kings Alyatte & Crœsus.

< insertion from the left margin of f 215r >
1Bœoti50
2Orch.30
3Phocenses40
4Locrenses40
5Eulæenses40
6Athenienses50
7Salamis12
8Argos &c80
9Mycænæ &
10Sicyones100
11Lacedem & pot.60
12Pylus90
13Arcadis60
14Elis10
10
10
10
15Dulion40
16Cepoah12
17Ætoli40
18Cretenses80
19Rhodus9
20Syria3
21Nysirus30
22Argos Pelasgius50
23Phylace40
24Phoræ11
25Methon7
26Triacæ30
27Ormenius40
28Argessa40
29Cyphus22
30Magnetes40
1186
< text from f 215r resumes >

In Greece Homer reccons up 29 several nations wch sent their armies against Troy each under the command of their own \its/ Princes |& some under the command of more then one|. One of these was ye Kingdom of Athens & Menestheus {illeg} its King ye successor of Theseus but \{illeg}/ its army \These are either Kingdoms or aggregates of more kingdoms then one not yet \well/ united. For Pausanias/ {illeg}|One| of these /nations\ wer|as|e the Kingdoms of Attica & Athens & of of Mycenis or {illeg} Argives another that of the Argives or Mycenæ \a third that of Arcadia/. Their kings, who were Menestheus [ye successor of Theseus] & Agamemnon \& Agapenor/, led their forces against Troy. [By ye original & constitution of these two you may guess at ye rest. The original of the Kingdom of Athens] The rest were either Kingdoms or aggregates of \free Cities or {illeg} small/ kingdoms not yet \well/ united into one \government/. For Pausanias \[lib 9. p. 1]/ tells us that all Greece was at first governed by Kings before common wealths were instituted. [And because every city was at first free & absolute thence it came to pass that ye word πολιτεία polity wch signifies the government of a City was taken by ye greeks for ye government of a kingdom or any other absolute government] By the original & \ancient/ constitution of the kingdoms of Athens, & Mycens \& Arcadia/ you {illeg}|may| understand that of the rest. That of Athens is thus set down by Thucydides. Vnder Cecrops, saith he, & the ancient K.

One of the twelve nations were the Macedonians. They were not of this council in ye beginning but were admitted afterwards in the room of ye Phocians who were struck out for {illeg} sacrilege. Macedonia \Iustin tells us yt/ The {sic} ancient Macedonia \saith Iustin/ was a small \region &/ its p|P|eople t a branch of the Pelasgi & Pliny saith it consisted \was composed/ of 150 peoples; I suppose he means δήμοι towns. |Out| \of/ These {sic} towns at length grew arose cities & little kingdoms. ffor Iustin tells us that when Caranus led a \large/ colony of Greeks thither \(wch was about 90 years before the captivity of the 10 Tribes)/, he first seized the {illeg} City AEdessa & then expelled|ing| \{first}/ Midas ye king of a certain part of Macedon & afterwards other kings &|he| succeed {sic} in the room of them all, & having thus united|ing| the nations of various peoples he first of all made one body of Macedonia <215v> & founded that kingdom wch at length by subduing first its neighbours then other nations propagated its dominion ot ye utmost furthest parts of ye east & became the third \great/ Monarchy. Herodotus makes not Caranus but \not Caranus but/ Perdiccas ye son of Caranus to be ye founder of this Empire Kingdom, & describes the Kings of that age so \those times/ poore & mean that they scarce equ below the degrees of subjects in later ages so that their meat was cookt for their \family/ by their own Queens.

The rise of kingdoms in Italy was like that in other places. ffor Dionysius – called Sicily. {illeg}

Out of thes such walled towns as these arose \afterwards/ divers kingdoms in Italy \amongst which the \Aborigines or/ Latines for a long time {illeg} \were/ but as small as ye rest made but a small figure/ After About 32 years after ye fall of Troy Ascanius built Alba ye about 20 miles from ye place {illeg} Their rise was as follows. The About two \Two years/ After ye Trojan war \Lathius K of ye/ the Aborigines (a branch of ye Pelasgi) assisted by the no Æneas over conquered the Ruticli a neighbouring people In the time of ye Trojan war Lactinus was king of They \were the {illeg}/ had |a| kings before ye Trojan war, but without an union under him. \For/ About {sic} 32 years after yt war Ascanius built \the city/ Alba & there instituted \there/ a council of all the cities \under him/ {illeg} ye with sacrifices to Iupiter: in ye time of wch solemnity one of the foremost principal young men \of best note/ governed the city. \This Council was no doubt for uniting the Cities./ There w The Vestal fire was also kept in that city \Alba/. This kingdom continued about 400 years, & then Romulus built \wth a few Latines laid ye foundations of/ Rome about 20 miles from Alba, having neither men to people it nor ground to buil a feild to maintain it sustain them For For \Strabo l 5 p 229, 230 tells us yt/ The Æqui, Volsci, Rutiles & \some/ Aborigines near Rome & the Rutili & some other greater & lesser cities dwelt about Rome when it was first built, & that \they dwelt there/ freely being subject in κατα πυμας to accordin in scattered villages \village by village/ without being subject to their \any/ common lord nation. – & that he \Romulus/ built Rome in a place not chosen assumed not by choice but by constraint having neither a wch was neither fortified by nature nor had ground enough to supply ye city nor men to inhabit it. For its neighbours lived the inhabitants of ye Region lived each apart, \&/ reachin|ed|g to ye very walls of ye city & regarded not ye Albani. Such were Collatia, Antemnæ, Fidenæ, Lavinium & other such like towns \small cities/ not above 4 or 5 miles from Rome. To get men therefore he built an Asylum wch drew a conflux of people, & they at & soon after he inherited the small \little/ kingdom of ye Quirites at Lavinium & wth these he warred wth ye King of ye Sabines | Quirites at Lavinium & by compact \united wth his people/ inherited his kingdom & being now grown strong it may presumed {sic} that other little free cities round about easily complied with him. For Dionysius Halicarnas tells us that this new kingdom, as Romulus left it, consisted of thirty Courts or Councils.

<216r>
Lelex. Myles fil.Eurotas f. Lacedæmon Amyclas f. Argalus f. Cynortus frat: Oebalus
Sparta filia Gorgophon Persei filia
Tyndareus fil. Helena filia Hermione Tisamenus. Eo regnante Heraclidæ in Peloponnesum redunt.
Aphareus Menelaus Atrei fillius /nepos\ Orestes
Aristomenis filij Procles – Eunipon f – Prytanis f. – – Eunomus f. Polydetes f – Charillus f. –
Euristhenes – Agis fil. (& quo Agidæ Echistratus fil. Labotus f. Doryssus. Agelisilaus f.
Nicander fr /Chanuas fil.\ Nicander f Theopompus \& Archidamus/ Zeuxidamus – Anaxidamus – Lycurgi pupilla Archidamus – Agasiches \Lycurgus leges tulit/ Aristo
Archelaus fil. Telechus f. Alcamenes f. Polydorus f. Euricrates f. Anaxander f. Eurycrates II f. Leon f.
Bellum Messenianū
– – – Damaratus
Anaxandrides f. Cleomenes f. Leonidas illa qui contra Xerxem pugnavit – Cleomenes f Agidarū ultimus.
Dorieus
Leonidas
Regnante Dario Hystaspis f.

0 Troja expugnata. 12 regnat Orestes. 331 Tesamenes. {illeg} 54 Redeunt Heraclidæ. Regnat Euristhenes 752 Reg Agis. 964 Echestratus 1175 Labotas 1386 Daryssus 1597 Agesilaus. 1808 Archelaus 2019 Telechus. 22210 Alcamenes. 24311 Polydorus 26412 Euricrates. 28513 Anaxander. 30014 Eurycr.

32715 Leon 34816 Anaxandrides 369 Cleomenes
36917 Darius Hystaspis

Put Cleomenes contemporary to Darius Hystaspis & that Menelaus lived 12 years after the destruction of Troy & that between Menelaus & Cleomenes there were 17 reigns at 22 years a piece one wth another that is in all 374 years & the Warr \destruction/ of Troy will happen Anno Iul. Per. 38{illeg}|07| \(as we put it)/ & the death of Menelaus 3819. & the death of Lycurgus will happen about 40 or 50 years after the beginning of the Olympiads. And Lelex died an I.P. 3721 circiter

Tisaneus Eurisleus Agis cujus posteri Agide.
Orestes. Penthilus f. Echelatus f. Grais fi Agidi Syn Pausan p. 206.

Aristommeniti filius alter Procles. f Soos f. Euripon f. a quo Euripontidæ. Prytanis f. Eunomus fi Polydectes f. Charillus f. Nicander f. (quo regnante Th Telechus de stirpe altera \\Belūcum/ Argivis/ occisus est) Theopompus f cum filio suo Archidamo. Zeuxidamus Archidemi filius. Anaxidamus f. Archidamus f. Agasicles f. Aristo. Damaratus \f/ Leotychides. Zuxidamus f. Archidamus f. Agis f. Agesilaus Arcmedani f. bellum contra Artaxerxem Darij filium gessit. \Lethinienses (patre vivo) Pisistrati liberū dominatu liberat, in Persas ad Darium /Agesilaus\ exulatum abit./

Idem Regum autrinqꝫ numerus est.

Lelex came from Egypt. Cleon f. Pylas f Pandioni synchonus. Scyron Pandionis filiam in matrimonium duxit, & cum Pandionis filio Nyso de regno disceptavit. Lis ab Æaco judicatur

Pæon
Pausan p. 375. Deucalion. Protogenia f. Æthlius f. Endymion f Epeus.
Amphy|i|cti|y|on – Itonus f – Chromia f –
Arcas –Hypesippe f Pausan p. 375.

Ætolus Endymionis filius. Eleus Endymionis ex Eurycidæ nepos filia et Neptuno nepos. Augeas filius cujus stabulum Hercules purgavit.

<216v>

Ceranus Liberi patris et Ariadnes filius p 8.

Erectheus Immaradum Eumolpi filium Eleusiniorum ducem interfecit. p. 13, 65, 92

Ion Xuthi filius Atheniensiū dux fuit in hoc bello contra Eleusinios p. 77.

Memnonem Ægyptij Phamenothem vocabant. p. 101.

Apud Nicomedienses Memnonis exsis in Æsculapij templo Memnonis ensis totus ex ære. p. 211. Inter Trojanos pingitur Memnon p. 86|7|5.

Ceres Argos veniens a Pelasgo hospitio excipitur. p. 34

Cercyon et Triptolemus fratres ex Amphictyonis filiabus p. 34.

Actæus Deucalioni synchronusAmphyctyon \Cecrops/ Actæi gener. Deuc. filius. p. 7, 13.Cranaus.Amphyction Deucalionis filius, Cranai gener. Pausan. p. 7, 77.Erichthonius

Sol Aloeo Asopiam terram, Æetæ Apoll Ephyræam tradidit. Æetes dein Colchos profectus Buno regnum suum comprendat. Bunus Mercurio ex Alcidamea genitus, qui un quo moriente Epopeus Alosi filius Ephyræorum imperium obtinet. Cum verò Corinthus Marathonis filius suis liberis moreretur, Corinthij ex Iolco Medeam in regnum vocant Ea Iasonem regni compotem fecit & filios peperit. Sed cum Iason ea relicta Iolon revertisset, et hæc Corintho profecta Sisypho imperium tradidit. Pausan. p. 119

Phraortes Medorum, et Ardys Gygæ filius Lydorum rex synchroni fuere p. 338

Ilio capto Æthra Thesei mater e medio tumultu in Græcorum castra venit, idqꝫ a Thesei filijs agnita est & eam Demophon ab Agamemnone repetit. p 861.

<217r>

\of the Turk/ also within 30 years after (vizt A.C. 1289) were universally ejected hither out of the new Tartarian Empire. Their \Princes/ lived under Aladin for a time but after his death shared his kingdom amongst themselves & to enlarge their seats made war upon the Romans, Turci autem, saith Nicephorus, Satrapis illis & began to do so before the death of Aladin. Turci autem, saith Nicephorus, Satrapis illis

<218v>

Polydorus the son of Cadmus married Nicteis the daughter of Nicteus & by her had Labdacus the dying left |his young son| Lamedon king of {Sicyonia} {illeg} \Labdacus {illeg} \{illeg}/ &/ left the Kingdom under the administration of Labdacus. /Labdacus & his kingdom under the tuition & government of administration of Nicteus.\ Then Epopeus king of Sicyonia & stole Antiopa the daughter of Nicteus who was {illeg} of either Labdacus \a/ or Laiärt & Administrator of ye kingdom of Thebes |&| thereupon Nicteus made war upon |him| Epopeus & in a battel both were wounded & died soon after. Nicteus left{illeg} the {illeg} Tuition of Labdacus & Laius & administration of the kingdom of Thebes to his brother Lycus & \Epopeus left his kingdom to Lamedon who/ Lamedon succeeding Epopeus ended the \presently/ ended ye war by sending home Antiopa who {illeg} \& she & she who in retur/ the way \home/ brought forth Amphion & Zethus who being \who & they/ about 20 years after {illeg} kill Lycus at the instigation of their mother killed Lycus, & made Laius the young son of Labdacus fly to Pelops & \&/ seizt|ed| the city & compassd it with a wall & \then/ Amphion married Niobe the sister of Pelops, & But after {illeg} & by her had Chloris the mother of Periclymenus who was one of the Argonauts, # < insertion from f 219r > # Whence I gather that Amphion killed Lycus & married Chloris about two generations or 50 years before the argonautic expedition & as much after the coming of Cadmus into Europe that is about ye \25 or/ 30th year of Solomon: & that about 20 years before Amphion & Zethus {illeg} were born & Epopeus & Nicteus slain \about 20 years before/, & that Pelops was {illeg} same age with \{illeg}/ /of about the same age with\ Amphion & Zethus. < text from f 218v resumes > so that Amphyon \& Zethus/ were about \born above & Epopeus & Nicteus slain above/ two generations or 50 y older then \& an half before/ ye Argonautic so that Amphion & Zethus were born expedition, & between one & two Generations after the coming of Cadmus into Europe & by consequence about the 10 year of Solomons reign between the beginning & middle of Solomons reign, recconing four generations to an hundred years. At that time therefore Lamedon succeeded Epopeus Now he \Lamedon & Sicyon the son of Metion the son of Erechtheus /Lamedon\/ made war upon Archander & Architeles the sons of Acheus the son of Creusa the daughter of Erechtheus & therefore Archander & in that war was assisted by Sicyon the son of Metion the son of Erectheus, {illeg} giving Sicyon his duaghter {illeg} Zeuxippe to wife. {illeg} Vpon his coming to ye throne he married Phenio an Athenian & afterwards gave his daughter Zeuxippe in marrige {sic} to Sicyon the son of Metion the son of Erectheus & as he & Sicyon toget enga confederated making war upon Archander & Architels {sic} the sons of Acheus the son of Creusa the daughter of Erechtheus called Sicyon to his assistance. Whence yt war seems to have been about towards ye end of Solomons reign ffor Sicyon being the son of Metion was one generation older then Dad Archander & Architeles being then young men. Now Danaus gave two of his daughters to Archander & Architeles & therefore he & his daughters came into Greece ab{illeg}|out| the end of Solomons reign or sometime in Rehoboams, \that is, in ye age next before the Argonautic expedition./ And this is confirmed from hence that Nauplius the son of Amymone the daughter of Danaus was one of the Argonauts & that the ship Argo was {illeg} built after the pattern of the long ship in wch Danaus & his daughters came into Greece being the first long ship built by the Greeks.

Apis the son a[208] of Phoroneus \& Laodice/ was very b ambitius & tyrannical & grew so rich before ye coming of Pelops into Olympias that all the Pe Pelopp|o|nnesus was from him called Apia. And he from who Peloponnes was called Apia was also king of Sicyon, & acc by som {sic} accounted the son of Telchin the son of Europs the son of Ægialeus. He lived {illeg} therefore between them in the times between \after/ the reign of Phoroneus & Ægialeus & before the coming of Pelops in Peloponnesses, that is about the end of Davids reign & beginning of Solomons. Now the \{illeg}/ Greeks feigned that this Apis went into Egypt & became the great God Apis whom \of/ the Egyptians called also Serapis & Osiris: & who {those accou} |{sic} that Io the daughter sister of Phoroneus whom the Phœnicians stole & carried into Egypt became the great Goddess Isis of the Egyptians &| therefore in the opinion of the ancient Greeks who made thi|e|se fictions the great God The Gods of the |were of opinion that| Osiris & Isis reigned in Egypt about the time \some/ wn Io was stole & Apis reigned in Greece. |in the days of Io Osiris Io & {Asias} or about yt time as neare as they could reccon.| ffor upon this Synchronism was the fiction grownded, & therefore we are to look for The Greeks in hon The fable \The fiction was very ancient & was/ was made in honour of the Egyptia Greeks as if the great Gods of Egypt \Osiris & Isis/ had been Grecians & therefore they that made it would make it {illeg} as neare the truth so & for making it ye more plausible the {illeg} Authors of the fiction would come as neare the truth as they could. Now the fiction was certainly very ancient. When the Greeks \in time of Bacchus king of Egypt/ celebrate ye son of Semele for t it argues that {illeg} ye sun {sic} of Semele lived about ye same time wth Bacchus & so when in lieu of Isis they celebrate Io & Ceres & in lieu of Osiris they celebrate Apis

Now the Greeks when they received the \fables stories/ worship of the Ægyptian Gods, they applied the worship \& stories of those Gods/ to men of their own nation as the worship of Bacchus to the son of Semele that of Isis to Ceres or \to/ Io the daughter of Inachus, that of Osiris to Apis king of Argos & Sicyon, that of Hercules to the son of Alcmena, \that of the nine Muses to the daughters of Pierus &c/ And to make these fictions the more plausible they pitched upon Greeks of

<219r>

Lamedon upon his coming to the throne gave married Phenio an Athenian & afterward making war upon Archander & Architeles the sons of Acheus the son of Creusa the daughter of Erichtheus, called Sicyon the son of Metion the son of Erechtheus to his assistance giving him his daughter Zeuxippe to wife \& about that time Danaus same time {illeg} gave two of his daughters to Archander & Archi/. This seem Sicyon being in the second generation after Erectheus that is in the same generation with Ægeus & Eupalamus & Archander & Archetiles being in the third generation, that is in the same wth Theseus & Dædalus, we may reccon that this war happened in the reign of Ægeus & that Danaus came into Greece in the days of Theseus & Dædalus. After this war S Sicyon succeeded Lamedon & gave the name of Sicyonia to the kingdom \Ægialia/ & of Sicyon the to the city Ægiale

In this kingdom between Ægialeus & Epopeus chronologers number many kings but of very uncertain credit. namely Ce\c/rops, Telchin, Apis, Thelmion & \Ægyrxes, Thimmachus, Auxentius, Piratus, Elemaus, {Orthapolis}, Marathus, Corax/ but all of them of very uncertain credit. ffor {illeg} none of these kings except Telchin & Apis gave their names to any region or city, & \as was the custome in those days,/ none of them had any wars. ffor Pausanias tells us that this kingdom enjoyed perpetual peace untill ye reign of Epopeus. And further, Apis from whom {illeg} \as they say/ Peloponnesus was called Apia, was is by some reccond king of Sycionia & the son of the son \or grandson/ of Phoroneus & king of Argos & by others the grandson or great Grandson of T Ægialeus & king of Sicyonia. By both accounts hi|e| was \at leat {sic}/ one or two generations younger then Phoroneus & Ægialeus & by conq|s|equence contemporary \to Solomon &/ to Epopeus \{illeg} /who\ was/ king of Sicyon in the beginning of Solomons reign. It seems to me therefore that in the Apis & Epopeus are the same king. T Epopeus is Epaphus & Epaphus is Apis. ffor they tell us that Apis or Epaphus went into Egypt & became the great God of the Egyptians who is called Apis \Epaphus/ Serapis & Osiris. So also they tell

So also they tell us that Ceres (she who taught ye Greeks agriculture in Solomons reign) was Isis of ye Egyptians & that ye Son of {illeg} Semele was Bacchus, & the son of Alcmena Hercules & the nine daughters of Pierus the Muses. ffor the Geeks {sic} in honour of their nation deified Greeks in lieu of the Egypt Gods of Egypt & worshipped the {illeg} \pretending thereby/ that ye Gods of Egypt were Greecians. And hence I gather that ye G Osiris, Isis, Bacchus Hercules \& Bacchus/ &c lived in Egypt in the days of Solomon & that the son of Semele {illeg} lived about the same time with Bacchus Bacchus of Egypt |in the opinion of the ancient Greeks who made these fables Osiris & Isis lived in Egypt in the days of Apis Epopeus /Apis\ & Ceres that is in the reign of Solomon| & that the Egyptian Bacchus was one or two generations younger then Cadmus. So also Antonius Liberalis tells us that the nine daughters of Pierus \king of {Encathon}/ were contemporary to ye nine Muses & {illeg} \& his Muses & his Muses were/ of about ye same age wth Cadmus & t the son of Semele & daughters of Pierus that is in the that is, about tw one or two generations younger then Cadmus.

Ditys & Polydictes the brothe were born at one birth of

When Danae the daughter of Acrisius bare Perseus, her father Acrisius exposed him cast them both into ye sea shut up in a wooden chest, & the chest being carried to ye Island Seriphus, Dictys educated the child, & Polydectes the uterine brother of Dictys fell & king of that Island fell in love with Danae. And therefore Danae was of about the same age with the two brothers who were the sons of Magnes the son of Æolus the brother of Xuthus \who was contemporary to Erectheus/ |&| Acrisius therefore was one generation & Perseus three generations younger then \the brothers/ Æolus, {illeg} |&| Xuthus & \their contemporary/ Erechtheus, so that is, Acrisius was of about the same age with Metion & Pandion \the sons of Erechtheus/ & Perseus of about ye same age wth Theseu \his great the grandsons/ Dædalus & Theseus. |& wth Archander & Architeles the| And therefore Perseus was \therefore/ in his vigour in the reign of Rehoboam, & Acrisius was then very old having reigned at Argos been {illeg} king of Argos all the reign of Solomō

# < insertion from f 219v > # Gorgophone the daughter of Perseus was twice married, first to

Euristhenes the son of Sthenelus the son of Perseus & Andromeda was contemporary to Hercules. \& Alcmena the daughter of Electryo the son of Perseus was his mother < insertion from higher up f 219v > ✝ & therefore Perseus was {illeg} two {illeg} generations or {illeg} /about\ {illeg}50 years older then Hercules. Again < text from lower down f 219v resumes > / Gorgophone the daughter of Perseus /was the mother\ had by her first husband Perieres had \of/ Leucippus & Aphareus & by her second husband Oebalus she had Icarius & Tyndarus. Leucippus was the father of Phœbe whom Pellion stole, & of \&/ Ilaira whom Castor \& Pollux/ stole \& married/. Aphareus was the father of Lynceus & Idas who were \in the Argonautic expedition &/ at the hunting of the Chalidonian boare. Icarius was the father of Penelope the wife of Vlysses & Tyndeareus was ye the {sic} father of Castor, Pollux, Hypermnestra & Hellena. And therefore Gorgophone was {illeg} \but {two or} three/ generations \or about 60 years/ before the Trojan war & Perseus was about And therefore |And by comparing all these things I gather that| Perseus was \born/ almost four generations or about 90 or 100 years older \before/ then the {sic} Trojan war, {illeg} & so was in his vigour in the reign of Rehoboam & Acrisius was then \a/ very old man. Hercules w Amphitrio the grandfather of Hercules is usually supposed to be ye son of Hercules & Perseus & Andromeda but I susp this makes Perseus \a generation/ too old & I suspect that it was feigned in honour of Hercules.

|#| So then Chronologers err very much – < text from f 219r resumes > So then Chronologers err very much in making Perseus five generations younger then Danaus: where for by this calculation it appears that they were contemporary. They err also in recconing up many kings of Argos between Phoroneus & Acrisius, namely Apis, Argus, Criasus, Phorbas, Triopas, Crotopus, Iasus & Sthenelus &c for There is no room for so many \intermediate/ kings, & some of them were contemporay {sic} to Inachus & Phoroneus. ffor Polycaon the younger son of Lelex married Mess{illeg}e the daughter of Triopas the daughter | son of Phorbas. Pausā l. 4. c. 1.

<219v>

The Athenians relate that Caucus the son of Clinus, the son of Phlyus \a son of the earth/ carried ye Eleusinia sacra fom Eleusine to Messene & {illeg} some years after Lycus the {illeg} son of Pandion fleeing from his brother Ægeus into Messene made the solemnity more august & famous.

Acrisius married \Eurydice/ the daughter of Sparte Lacedemon & Sparta the daughter of Eurotus the son of Lelex. Perieres the husband of Gorgophone was the son of Cynortes the son of Amiclas & Diomede, & Amyclas was the brother of Eurydice.

Pelops was the father of Pittheus the father of Æthra the mother of Theseus &c & therefore about three generations or 75 years older then Theseus. He was also the father of Acr Atreus the father of Plisthenes the father of Agamenon & Menelaus: |&| A|a|lso the son the father of Thyestes the father of Æg Pelopia the mother of Ægystus. by her first husband Thyestes & Ægystus was contemporar Agamemnon & Menelaus by these genealogies Pelops was about three |By ye first genealogy he was three generations older then Theseus & by the two last as many 4 generations older| generations older then then Agamemnon Menelaus & Ægystus {illeg} by ye former he was three generations older then Theseus: both wch for reconciling wch it may \let it/ be supposed that ye 3 generations to Theseus were short suppose of about 60 years & those to Agamemnon Menelaus \& Ægistus/ about 30 years \considerably/ longer & the birth of Pelops will happen neare the beginning of Solomons reign as above about the middle \about the 12 or 16th year/ of Davids reign or a little before.

[Editorial Note 78]

Argis regnant Acrisius et Prætus. Præti filius Bacchus furorem injicit. Melampus easdem sanat, & mercedis loco gentia {illeg} accipit a Præto \duus filius & duū/ tertias regni partes pro seipso & aliam tertiam partem pro fratre Biante, et frater in terra \Acrisis/ regno forte Megapenthes Præti filius succedit Acrisio. Ex Sthenelo Persei filio & Nicippe Pelopis filia Euristhenes natus qui Mycenis imperavit. Electrion Persei filius Alcmenæ pater Mycenis regnat, ab Amphitryone occiditur. {illeg} Sthenelus Amphytrionem e terra Argivorum pellit & became king of both Mycenæ & Tyrinthus, & Medeam Electryonis pellicem Pelopis filijs Elect Areo et Thyesti commendat. Hercule mortuo Euristheus Heraclides pellit & ab Hillo occiditur. Heraclidæ in Peloponnesum redeunt ante Bellum Trojanum, imò ante bellum septem ducum contra Thebas.

Taygete – LacedemonAmyclas –Cynortes –Perieres maritus Gorgophone –
Hyacinthus Oebalus Flavius – Penelope
Tyndareus – Helena &c.
Lelex – Eurotas – Sparte Eurydice uxor Acrisij.
<220r>

Amyclas \the grandson of Eurotas the son of Lelex/ was the father of Leucippus the father of Arsinoe otherwise called Coronis the mother of Æsculapius the Argonaut. Amyclas was also the father of Peri Cynortes the father of Perieres the husband of Gorgohone. And Gorgophone was the grandmother of the Argonauts Lynceus Idas, Castor & Pollux & of Phebe & Ilaira the wives of Castor & Pollux & of Clytemnestra & Hellena their sister & of Penelope the wife of Vlysses. And Perseus was the father of Alcæus Electryo & Sthenelus whereof Alcæus & Electryo were the grandfathers of Hercules, & Sthenelus was the father of Eurystheus whereof who was born the same year with Hercules & Iphicles. And therefore Perseus \& Cynortes/ was|ere| three generations older |& Amyclas four & Lelex seven generations older| then the Argonaut

The Argonauts Lynceus & Idas were the \grand/children of Castor & Pollux \Gorgophone/ & so were also Phebe & Ilaira the wives of Castor & Pollux, &also {illeg} Clytemnestra & Hellena their sisters, & Penelope the wife of Vlysses.

In this Expedition was Æsculapius the son of Coronis otherwise called A|r|sinoe the daughter of Leucippus the son of Amyclas \the brother of Eurydice the wife of Acris/. the In the same expedition were Lynceus & Idas the grandch Castor & Pollux the grandchildren of the grandchild |So yt| Gorgophone was two \little/ generations older then the Argonauts being the grandmother of the Argonauts Linceus & Idas, Castor & Pollux & of th Phœbe & Ilaira the wives of Castor & Pollux & of Clytemnestra & Hellena their sisters. & & of Penelope the wife of Vlysses. Gorgophone was the daughter

|Phocis. | Acrisius was the husband of \married/ Eurydice the sister of Amyclas, the father of Leucippus, the father of Arsinoe (otherwise called Coronis), the mother of Æsculapius the Argonaut. Acrisius was succeeded by his Grandson Perseus

‡ The Argonauts Linceus, & Idas, Castor & Pollux, & the {wife} with Phœbe & Ilaira the wives of Castor & Pollux, & with Clytemnestra & Helena their sisters & with Penelope the wife of Vlysses, were the grandsons\children/ of Gorgophone {illeg}. And Gorgophone was the daughter of Perseus & the grandson of Arcisius {sic}. And Æsculapius the Argonaut was the son of Coronis otherwise called Asinoe {sic} the daughter of Leucippus the son of Amyclas the brother of Euridice the wife of Acrisius. And therefore Acrisius, Prœtus, Euridice, \&/ Amyclas were five short generations (or older then the Argonautic Expedition. And Amyclas was the grandson of Eurotas the son of Lelex: & therefore Lelex was eight short generations older then the Argonautic Exped.

<222r>

Herodotus tells us that Cyaxeres was succeeded by his son Astyages & Pausanias that Astyages the son of Cyax{er}es reigned in Medea in the days of Alyattes king of Lydia. And its true that Cyaxeres had a son called Astyages {sic} but this And Cicero that the great Eclips of the S{illeg}|u|n predicted by Thales {illeg} was in the reign of this Astyages. And its true that Cyaxeres had a son called Astyages & that in the time of the great Eclips this son was grown up to mans estate. ffor at that time he married Ariene the daughter of Alyattes king of Lydia according to Herodotus, but he was not the father of Mandane nor was conquered by Cyrus

But Herodotus by mentioning the elder son Astyages \as the father of Mandane/ & making no mention of ye younger Dar son Darius, has given occasion to the Greeks to feign that

But Herodotus by making king Astyages the father \of Mandane/ to be the son of Cyaxeres & making no mention of Darius the younger son, has given occasion to the Greeks to write that Cyaxeres was succeeded by Astyages.

Cadmus \when he came into Greece. At/ at {sic} his first coming \he/ sailed to Samothrace & there married Harmonia the {sister} of Iasion & Dardanus; & Polydorus might be their son born a year or two after his {illeg} from David into Egypt {illeg}

<222v>

72)657(918 sin A  61.10 Tan.A.  61.10 10.25925 00 24)219 sin BC .30.51 Tan BC  30.57 0 9.777915 0 8)73 A Rad 00 9.518683 Sin AC. 19.16 Tan A.  52.15 Tan BC.  30.57 Rad sin AC.

To Sr Isaac Newton
in Leicester S{illeg}
near Leicester Fei{lds}

Ptolomy flourished in the y{illeg} In 288 years more the E{illeg} & this brings us down to the {illeg} ever since his days Astronome{illeg} fixt point in the heavens but {illeg}

[Editorial Note 79]

{illeg}fter the winter solstice. And thence {illeg} the year 1689 Arcturus was in {illeg}se of the refraction add 1gr 10′ to {illeg}n. Exped 36.28.52

{illeg} sixty days after the winter {illeg} In 60 days the suns mean {illeg} after the winter solstice {illeg}efractions of the sun & {illeg}.2.22. Hesiod lived

<223r>

Authors agree that Scythia \Parthia/ was peopled by Scythans. Quintus Curtius \mentioning the river Tanais wch bounds Europe/ saith that ye Scythians who peopled Parthia came from Europope. Stephanus [in Παρθυ] that ye Parthians were a Scythian nation who passed thither under Medus, that is under Madyas, [Arrianus that the Parthians came out of Scythia \into Parthia/ in ye time of Sesostris king of Egypt & Iandysus king of Scythia]

invaded Media & Parthia as above & reigned there about 28 years together

<223v>

For the Honble
Sr Isaac Newton &c &c

<224r>

Sr Isaac Newton

Arithmetick Gemometry, & Mechanicks, \Opticks & Astronomicks/

Astronomy & Navigation & Geography.

Botany & the generation vegation & Anatomy of pl.

Anatomy & Medicinne {sic} & Organs of sensation

Chymistry

Expe Sensations of seing & hearing &c.

p. 19 (Except perhaps Pelasgus Deualion {sic} Hellen & Pelasgus whom I take to be Scythians)

The Pelasgi spake a language different from the Greeks & were famous for wandering And thence I seem to gather that they were of the race of the Scythians who first peopled Europe \Greece/ from beyond the Danube before the coming of the Egypians {sic} & Phenicians any Colonies came thither from Greece Egypt & Phenicia & after the had their \were/ name|d| \Pelasgi/ from the first king who reigned over them \in Arcadia/ after they began to be civilized by those colonies & to build houses

<224v>
May the 9th
sd
2 pound of butter1:4
122 pound do1:4
142 pound do1:4
Egges0:8
4:8
[Editorial Note 80]

For mankind lived together in the land of Shinar & were all of one language till the days of Peleg, who was not above 191 years older then Abraham.

<225r> {illeg} <225v>

Rhamesses Ramesses seems to have reigned wth his father & whether he outlived him is uncertain. \Where {illeg} Ammon {illeg} |& Pliny saith that in his reign| \Troy/ was taken./ He left the biggest Obelisk in all Egypt wch the Emperor Constantius removed to Rome. Am Of Ammenes I find nothing recorded but his name, unless he be the Imandes of Strabo.

Ammon

– Amongst ye stupendious

He makes Semiramis as old as the first \Belus/ but Herodotus tells us she was but 5 generations older then the Mother of Nabonedus [the last King of Babylon before Cyrus] \Labynitus/ He makes Ninus to the City Ninus founded by a man of the same name {illeg} & Babylon by Semiramis whereas Nimrod founded those & other cities without giving his own name to any of them. He makes Nineved|h| destroyed by the Medes & Babylonians He ma three hundred years before it was \the reign of Astibares & the reign of Nebuchadnezz who {illeg}/ destroyed by them & gives us the names \it/ it {sic} & gives us \sets down/ the names of a grea seven \or eight/ Kings whose reigned \& he pretends to have/ at|of| Media between ye destruction of Nineveh & ye reign of Cyaxares & Nebuchadnezzar. Something of truth there is in the bottom of his fables \Romance/ as that Nineveh was destroyed by the Medes & Babylonians, that Sardanapalus was the last king, that & that Astibares & Astiages ~ were the two last Kings of the Medes, but he has made all things too ancient & written feigned \taken too great a liberty in feigning/ names & stories at pleasure to please his reader.

Nimbrod founded a \indeed/ planted Assyria & founded a kingdom there & at Babylon but it in those ages it was the custom for every father to & so Cham was ye King of all Egypt {sic} all Africa & Iaphet of all Europe but they left no standing kingdoms it being the custome of those ages for every father to divide his lands amongst his sons. And aft so that {illeg} After the days of Nimrod w{illeg}|e| hear no more of the Assyrians or \of/ Nineveh \or Babylon/ in scripture till the days of Ionah. In ye time of ye Iudges – – – Tigris. Sesac & Memnon were great conquerors in ye East \& David & his successors had many wars wth their neighbours/ but in their histories there's not a word of the Assyrian monarchy. But after they had ruffled the nations of ye East Not a word of it in the hist nor in the But after they had ruffled ye eastern nations & put them in arms they {sic} \those nations/ would be apt to form themselves into bigger & more walike {sic} bodies then before & this might promote the setting up of new dominions such as were those of Nineveh in Assyria & Sardes in Asia Minor. ffor soon after the days of Ionah – – – – above.

And such Nineveh seems to be in the days of Ionah. It was then a city of large extent \even then/ but full of pastures for cattel, so that it conteined but 120000 persons & the King thereof it {sic} not yet called King of Assyria but only King of Nineveh & his Proclamation \for a fast/ is not published thoughout {sic} several countries \dominions nations/ noth through all Assyria but only through Nineveh. But soon after when the dominion of Nineveh was established at home & this kingdom beg{illeg}|an| to invade its neighbours we hear its Kings are no longer called Kings of Nineveh but Kings of Nineveh \Assyria/ & \in/ every page of the sacred history we read of their making war upon & conquering their neighbours round about & by their conquests erecting this monarchy as has been shewed above. Ionah prophesied befor {sic} Ieroboam took recovered Hamath (2 King 14.25) & Amos prophesied \{illeg}/ a little after (Amos. 6.2) & when Amos prophesied God threatned yt he would raise up against Israel a nation (meaning the Assyrians) This nation was wch should afflict them from ye entring in of Hamath unto ye river of ye wilder {illeg}. And This nation God had \was not/ {illeg}|then| raised up, [but \rose up/ presently after {illeg} by ye {wars} of Pul & his sucessors] Amos names them not so much as once but presently after {we} read in every page of sacred history how they \rose u/ made war upon & conquered their neighbours \round about/ & by those conquests \God/ raised this \them up till they became a potent/ Monarchy as has been shewed above.

<226r>

Prometheus, Atlas, Argus & Io filia Promethei vixerunt ubi ætate vel Memnonis vel Cecropis vel ante Cecropem 60 vel 90 an. Euseb. p. {illeg}|1|3. Spartus filius Phoronei & Prometheus contemporanei ib. p. 13.

<227r>

Addenda et Emendanda

p. 19. l. 40. After Perseus add. [209]& Caucon \the son of Clinus the son of Phlyus/ brought from {illeg} Eleusine to Messene, the mysteries of the Goddesses Ceres & Proserpina.

p. 31. l. 21. After burning add, \For/ The {sic} Satyrs in the army of Sesostris were Ethiopians & addicted to skipping & dancing & the God of Pan was their command p & commanded by Pan & Pan was deified in Ethiopia.[210]

p. 31. l. 21. After dancing add: For he commanded the Satyrs in ye army of Osyris & these were Æthiopians addicted to skipping & dancing. And Hercules was represented with Pillars & a club

p. 23. l. 41. After [with Sesak] add this Paragraph. [Osiris was accompanied \with an/ army of Ethiopians[211] who for their skipping & dancing were represented by Satyrs. These {illeg}b[212] entred battel \with dancing &/ never emitted a dart till they had danced & by dancing & shouting endeavoured to terrify their enemies. {illeg} Whence came the Proverb of Panicus terror: for Pan was their leader.

We are told that the Phœnicians came originally from the red sea to the Mediterranean. And this may be true of the Tyrians. When David conquered Edom & \made/ the Edomites fly from their seats \into Egypt & other places/, Abibalus & his son Hiram built Tyre, & when Solomon set out a fleet upon the red Sea, Hiram sent him by his servants ships & servants that had knowledge of that sea & they went with the servants of Solomon to Ophir. The victories of David \over Mes Syria of Zoba & {illeg} Damascus & all Phenicia from Egypt to Euphrates the red sea to Euphrates/ seem also to have given occasion to the Phenicians to fly under the conduct of Cadmus & other Captains into Asia minor Greece & Libya to seek new seats He \Cadmus/ pretended indeed to come into Europe in quest of his sister but really came with his family & a great number of Phenicians & Arabians to seek new seats, & planted several colonies in several parts of Greece. – – – – – – – prest with difficulties at home & forced to fly especially since great numbers of them fled also to to Libya neare the Syrtes & there built many cities, as Nonnus relates.[213]

When David \had/ beat the Philistims in many battels & subdued Edom, Amalek Moab, Ammon, & Syria of Damascus & Zoba conquering all the countries from the red sea to Euphrates, he made the conquered nations fly from him in great numbers, the Edomites {illeg} going some of them \going/ into Ægypt & others to the Philistims & to Sidon & Tyre, & \some/ others \fled from Sidon & Tyre/ by sea to Asia minor, & Greece & Libya. \under the conduct of Cadm/ For Eu At that time Tyre was {illeg} built by |{these}| fugitives coming from the red sea, wch gave occasion to the report that the Phenicians came originally from the red sea to the Mediterranean by its two first kings Abibalus & Hiram. |Abibalus & Hiram its two first kings being peopled by these fugitives from the red sea.| And from thence forward the Mediterranean was navigated by the Phenicians \by merchants/ as far as Greece & the greater Syrtes the if [by the Phenicians \merchants/ who came from that red sea.] For we are told \by the ancients/ that they Phenicians \merchants/ came originally from the red Sea \& had their names frō thence/, & \accordingly/ when Solomon sed|t| out a fleet upon the red sea, Hiram sent him by his servants, ships \[built there]/ & servants that had knowledge of that sea & they went with the servants of Solomon to Ophir. 2 Chron. 8.18. \For Hiram had also a navy of Ships on the red sea for merchandise 1 King. 10.11, 22./ The victories of David therefore gave occasion to the Phenicians |to fly| under the conduct of Cadmus & other captains to all the coasts of the mediterranean as far as Greece & Libya. {illeg} ffor tho Cadmus pretended that he came in quest of Sister yet he really came with his family & a great number of Phenicians {illeg} \Edomites &/ Arabians \{illeg} Egyptians/ to seek new seats, & planted several colonies in several parts of Greece – – – – as Nonnus relates. And by these circumstances we have the time of the coming of Cadmus into Europe, the victory of David over ye Ammonites & Syria of Zobah of Damascus |being ye principal cause of their flight| |&| happening year or two before the birth of Solomon (2 Sam. \9 &/ 10 & 11) & by consequence about the 16th year of Davids reign, & being the principal cause of this flight. We may therefore place this great flight of the Phœnicians upon the 16th or 18th year of Davids reign. And the rapture of Io the daughter of Inachus upon the <227v> first coming of the Phenician merchants to Greece might be 4 or 5 years earlier, being occasio that trafric {sic} being occasioned by the flight of the merchants of the red sea from David upon his conquest of Edom.

<228r>

p. 12. l 20. After [of the Greeks] add this Paragraph.

In the kingdom of Corinth, after the return of the Heraclides reigned 14 kings beginning with Alates. & ending with Periander who died An. 4 Olymp. 48 \according to Laertius./ These kings at 2|1|8 years to a reign one wth another take up {392} \252 years/ wch counted back from the death of Periander \An {illeg} 4 Olymp 48/ place the return of the Heraclides about \50 or/ 60 years before the beginning of the beginning of the Olympiads. {illeg} The last o Periander the last of them died an 4. Olymp. 48 according to Laertius, but might dy ten or twenty years later for he died in the reign of Alyattes king of Lydia. These 14 kings at 18 about 18 \or 19/ years a piece one with another might {take up} 29|6|0 years wch counted backwards from the death of Periander might place the return of the Heraclides about 50 or 60 years before the first Olympiad as above.

p. 12 l. 20. In the kingdom of Corinth, after the return of the Heraclides reigned 11 {illeg} Kings & the 14|2|th was slain in the first year of his reign & \succeeded by/ annual Prytanes set who continued about 20 or 30 years & were succeeded \& they/ by two more kings Cypselus & his son Periander who was reputed one of the seven wise men. Periander lived th till \died in the end of the reign of Halyattes or the beginning of/ the reign of Crœsus \or end of the reign of Halyattes/ ffor Herodotus tells us that the|o||se| Samians of Samus intercepted a linnen breastplate sent by Amasis king of Egypt to the Spartans, & the \{sic}/ next year a|th|ey golden \intercepted also a/ cup sent by the La Spartans to Crœsus, & about the same time \they/ set at liberty 300 boys of Corcyra whom Periander \in his old age/ had ordered to be carried \prisoners/ to Haliattes king {of} Lydia. If to ye 1{5}|3| Kings be allotted about 18 or 20 years a piece one with another there will remain about 20 or 30 years for the reign of the annual Prytaneis. But Eusebius allots 124 years to ye annual Prytanes & {illeg}t places the death of Periander about 30 years too early.

<229r>

many of them fled to the Philistims. ffor Stephanus (in Azot) tells us: Τάυτην ἐκτισαν εἱς των ἐπανελθόντων ἀπ᾽ Ε᾽ρυθρας Θαλάσσης φευγάδων A fugitive from the red sea built Azoth or Ashdod. Those therefore who fled to the Philistims being skilled in \the/ navigation upon the red sea, might build Ships upon the mediterranean & thereby enable the Philistims to invade Sidon by sea. before the middle of Davids reig #

p. 17 l. 34. And Dædalus the son of Eupalamus the son of Metion the son of Erechtheus built the Labyrinth about the 32 year of Solomons r \might grow famous for Architecture & Sculpture & build the Labyrinth a little in Crete/ before the end of Solomons reign, & fly from Minos about 10 or {illeg}|15| years after the death of that it.

p. 18. lin. 31 And Dædalus the son of Eupalamus the son of Metion the son of Erechtheus might grow famous for Architecture & build the Lab statuary & build the Labyrinth in Crete before the end of Solomons reign & fly from Minos about 10 or 15 years after it. And the expedition of {illeg} Theseus to Crete was about a (he being then a beadless {sic} youth{)} was \might be/ about 9 or 10 years after the death of Solomon. ffor it was just before the invasion of Greece by Sesac ② because the great Bacchus had children by Ariadne the mistress of These & the Greeks on that account erected a Temple \the daughter of Minos & she was buried in a Temple wch the Greeks erected to/ to {sic} him by the name of the Cretian Bacchus, & ① because Theseus was 50 years old {illeg} when he stole Helena wch was a year or two before the Argonautic Expedition

# [And this was about the 14th or 16th year of David] ffor \Now/ Rehoboam was born in the last year of David being 41 years old at the death of Solomon & therfore his father Solomon was born in the 18th year of David or before. And two or three years before his birth David besieged Rabbah the Metropolis of the Ammonites & commited adultery with Bathshebah. And the year before this siege began, David vanquished \the children of Ammon the Edomites & their confederates/ the Syrians of Zobah & Rehob & Ishtob & Maachah & Damascus extending his dominion over \all/ those nations as far as to ye river of Euphrates & the entring in of Hamath & at the same time he subdued also the children of Ammon. And before this war began he had smit|o|ten also Moab & Amaleck & Edom & made the Edomites fly, some \of them/ into Egypt with their king then a little child & some \others/ to the Philistims, & to other places whether they could escape. And before this he had several battels with the Philistims. And all this was after the eighth year of his reign in wch he came from Hebron to Ierusalem. We canthnot therefore err above a year or two if we place his victory over Edom in the 12th year of his reign. ffor {illeg} after this \& that over the Syrians in 14th or 15th. After the flight of the Edomites/ the king of Edom grew up & married the sister of Pha\ra/ohs Queen & had children \a son called Genuba/ by her before the end of Davids reign |& this son called Genubah was brought among the children of Pharaoh. And among these children were Solomons Queen the chief (or first born) of her mothers & her little sister who in the beginning of the reign of Solomon had I no breasts & her brother who then sucked the breasts of his mother|. And if we allow four or five years to the fugitive Edomites to build {illeg} Ships upon the Mediterranean for they they might in conjunction with the Philistims invade & take Sidon in the 16th or 18th yeare of David \before the middle of Davids reign/ & make the Sidonians \there/ fly to seek new seats, the victories of David over all the nations round about, promoting their flight by sea. And thus [Abibalus will reign over Tyre about 16 years before he was succeeded by his son Hiram, &] the coming of the Phenicians with Cadmus {illeg} into Asia minor & Europe to seek new seats will fall upon the beginning of the reign of Abibalus the father of Hiram For they came all of them from Sidon to seek new seats, & therefore were driven from thence by their enemies. And if this flight may be placed in the 16th or 18th year of David Abibalus will \have/ reign|ed| over Tyre about 16 years before he was succeeded by his son Hiram; wch is a moderate allowance for the length of his reign.

And of about the same age with was Sesac the: for he became king of Egypt in the days of Solomon (1 King 11.40) \& before he began to reign he warred &c/ And therefore he was Sesostris was the brother of Solomons Queen & was born before the end of Davids reign, & might be about 50 years old in the fift year of Rehoboam when he came out of Egypt wth a great army to invade the East. [ffor before he began to reign he warred under his father against & conquered Arabia Trogoditica & the remoter greatest part of Libya] carrying his conquests as far as the lesser Syrtes & the river Triton & coasting the Mediterranean to the mouth of the straits.

[Editorial Note 81]

Where Ieru Asa had peace & fortified Iudea ten years together before he was invaded by Zerah \with a great army/ out of Egypt. This invasion was in the 15 year of Asa, & therefore Asa became free from the dominion of Egypt in the end of fourth year of his reign. In this year therefore the dominion \reign/ of Sesostris ended, & Egypt fell into civil

Vpon the death of Sesostris Egypt fell into civil dissentions as shall be explained hereafter, & then Iudea became free from the dominion of Egypt. And this was in the fourth year of Asa. ffor Asa had peace & fortified Ierusalem ten years together & then \in the fifteenth year of his reign/ was invaded by Zerah with a great army from \beyond/ Ethiopia Libya & Egypt. (2 Chron. 14    ) & this was in the 15th year of his re Ethiopia Egypt to reduce him to obedience

<229v>

& was buried in Greece in a temple erected by the Greeks to Sesostris by the name of the Cretan Bacchus because she was buried in it. Ariadne therefore died before the return of Sestris {sic} into Egypt after she had two or more children by Bacchus & therefore the ex was taken from Theseus for {sic} or five years before, suppose about the time that Bacchus returned from India into Syria. & {illeg} And therefore the expedition of Theseus to Crete & death of his father Ægeus was about nine or ten years after the death of Solomon & Theseus being \then/ a beardles young man suppose of about 20 or 22 years old. And Androgeus might be born about 40 or 42 years before & Minos about 25 years before & by consequence about the middle of Davids reign, & Europa & her brother Cadmus might come into Europe thre or four years before, & Minos might be about 70 or 75 years old when he pursued Dædalus into Crete.

– sons if they be recconed at about 23 years to a generation the |they will place the birth of Polydorus upon the 16th or 18 year of Davids reign. And thus| Cadmus might be a young man not yet married when he came into Europe & Harmonia might be his first wife & his son Polydorus might be born of her within \son born/ a year or two after his coming. But if you reccon And sister might be a young woman in her prime. But These generations cannot be well be less \shorter/ & therefore Cadmus was not you & his son Polydorus were not yonger {sic} \then we have recconed them/: nor can they \generations/ be much greater \longer/ without making Cadmus too old to be the father of Ino & brother of Europa & Polydorus too old to be \born in Europe & to be/ the son of Harmonia.

Pelops was the father of Pittheus the father of Æthra the mother of Theseus He was also the father of Thyestes Atreus Thyestes & Plisthenes & Atreus died \not before Paris stole Hellena that is/ about 20 years before the taking of Troy, & Thyestes was the father of Ægystus who slew Agamemon {sic} & Plisthenes was the father of Agamemnon & Menelaus who warred at Troy & Thyestes was the father of Ægystus who slew Agamemnon. Deucalion the son of Minos was an Ari {sic} Argonaut & Talus \an/other son of Minos was slain by the Argonauts, & Idomeneus the \&/ Meriones the grandsons of Minos were at the Tojan {sic} war. And all these things confirm the age of Minos & {illeg} E|u|ropa & Cadmus above assigned [& make Atreus contempor his sister Pelops & his sister Niobe contempory {sic} to Amphion & Zethus & that place his coming into Europe about the middle \25 year/ of Solomons reign,] & \place/ the death of Epopeus or Epaphus king of Sicyon upon the middle tenth year of Solo & birth of Amphion & Zethus upon the tenth \5th or 8th {illeg} 5th or 10th/ year of Solomon or thereabouts & the taking of Thebes by Amphion & Zethus \& flight of Laius to Pelops/ upon the 30th \25 year 30th/ year of Solomon \or thereabouts/ & mak the coming of Pelops into Europe \with his sister Cloris a year or two before/ upon the 2{0}|5|th year of Solomon or thereabouts. & [Æthra the mother of Theseus is usually recconed the grand-daughter of Pelops But this is inconsistent wth the other genealogies & there must be some mistake in it] & her marriage to Amphion a year or two after] more or thereabouts, & the coming of Pelops into Europe \a little before, suppose/ three or four years before the marriage of his sister Niobe with Amphion.         Agamemnon & Menelaus the sons of Plisthenes the son of Pelops & the adopted sons of Atreus the son \& grandsons/ of Pelops warred at Troy. Ægystus the son of Thyestes the son of Pelops slew Agamemnon the year afther the taking of Troy & Atreus died just before the st Paris stole Helena that is about 18 years before the Trojan war. And therefore Pelops & Niobe Amphion & Zethus flourished two generations before the Trojan wars

The artificers of \wch came from/ Zedon were not yet dead, & therefor this flight of the Zidonians was in the reign of David, & \by consequence/ in the beginning of the reign of Abibalus \the father of Hiram &/ the first king of Tyre mentioned in history & the father of Hiram]. In \David in/ the twelft year of David the |his| Edom reign conquered |ye| Edom|ites| & as above, & made some of them \some of the|m| Edomites & \{all ye}/ {seam&|en|} & merchants of Edom/ fly from the red sea to the Philistims where they fortified Azoth. For Stephanus (in Azot{)} tells ταύτην ἐκτισαν εἱς των ἐπανελθόντων ἀπ᾽ Ευρ᾽ Ἐρυθρας θαλάσσης φευγάδων. A fugitive from the red sea built Azoth. In three or four years they might build a competent number of ships upon the red Mediterranean \for gaining the trade of the sea/ & thereby enable the Philistims to at invade Sidon by sea & take it. & then did the Zidonians fly by sea to Aradus \the islands/ Tyre & Aradus & to other places \havens/ in Asia minor Greece & Libya with wch they had been acquainted before by means of their trafic the victories of David prompting ym to fly by sea. For they fled to seek new seats & therefore fled from an enemy. And while some of them fled under ye conduct of Cadmus \Cadmus & other Phenician commanders fled wth colonies/ to \seek new seats in/ Asia minor & Europe, others – Sithonis a Zidonian. This flight was theref.

[Editorial Note 82]

Celeus was the son of Rharus – – –

Amyclas & Eurydice were the children of Sparta Lacedæmon & Sparta, & Lacedæmon was the son of Taygeta, & Sparta was the daughter of Eurotas the son \or brother/ of Myles the son of Lelex. Celeus was the son of Rharus the son of Cranaus the successor of Cecrops an Egyptian who married Agraulos the daughter of Actæus & succeeded him. Car the son of Phoroneus – – – – – – & some say that

Inachus had several sons – – – – – kingdom of Sicyon look ancient.

And as of one Apis – – – – – – into Greece.

It seems to me therefore that \Actæus/ Cecrops, Cranaus – – – – – is uncertain. In the days of Criasus, Acrisius & his brother Prætus got possessions in some parts of Argos; & their father Abas built Abas in Phoces, but could not be the same Abas with him who was the grandson of Danaus. But its difficult to set right the genealogies & reigns & chronology of the fabulous ages of the Greeks & I leave these things to be further examined.

<230r>

a litte after the 12th year of David & may be conveniently placed upon the 16th or 18th year of his reign as above. And \thus/ the reign of Abibalus will have lasted about 16 years (wch is a moderate length) ffor Iosephus lets us know that Hiram \he was succed by Hiram who according to Iosephus/ began his reign in the 33th year of David. And that a new dominion was at this time set up at Tyre is further confirmed by Hirams enlarging the city, & adorning it with new Temples & other structures, as uses to be done in the head cities of new kingdoms.

[Editorial Note 83]

When The Sidonians being possessed of the Sea trade of the Mediterranean as far as Greece & Libya, the Tyrians {illeg} traded on the red sea in conjunction with Solomon & the following kings of Iudah till the revolt of Edom. And thence |And so \also/ did ye merchants of Aradus. For in the a[214] Persian Gulph were two Islands called Tyre & Aradus with wch had Temples built like the Phœnician. Hence| it is that Homer /celebrates Zidon &\ makes no mention of Tyre. But in the reign of Iehoram the son of Iehosaphat Edom revolted {sic} from under the Dominion of Iudah & made themselves a king, & the trade of Iudah & Tyre upon the red sea being interrupted, the Tyrians began to make long voyages upon the Mediterranean to places not yet frequented by the Sidonians, some of them going with Dido \to the coasts of Afric/ beyonde the Syrtes & building Carthage, others going to ye coasts of Spaine & {illeg} to Britain & {illeg} other islands in the Atlantic even beyond the mouth of the straits. And hence seems to have arisen \from ye flight of the Edomites from David & of the Tyrians from Edom arose {sic}/ /came the new king of Edom arose\ the opinion \of the ancients seems to have arisen/ that the Phenicians a[215] came originally from the red sea to the Mediterranean & there presently undertook long voyages.

Strabo mentioning the first men who leaving the sea coasts ventured out into the deep & undertook long voiages – – – of the Trojan war

In the days of Erechtheus – – – of Erechtheus were Argonauts. Erechtheus therefore began his reign about the 25th or 30th year of Davids reign & Ceres came into Greece about within 5 or 10 years after

[Pag. 19 lin. 22. after [Argonauts,] add Erectheus therefore began his reign about the 15th or 30th year of Davids reign & Ceres came into Greece within 5 or 10 years after.]

Teucer the son of Telamon, after seven years after that war according to the Marbles, arrived at Troy, & there conversed with Dido accord built Salamis & his he & his posterity reigned there till the days of Evagoras who was conquered \expelled/ by the Persians

I have now carried up the antiquities of Greece as high as to the coming of Cadmus with Colonies of Phœnicians into Greece & to the first use of letters & iron tools \in Europe & {illeg} iron tools the foundation of manual arts/ & /to\ the first plowing & sowing & the first building of temples. And before \all/ this Greece & all Europe must have been in a very barbarous & uncivilized condition; even more barbarous & rude then the Americans were when we \we/ first discovered them. But we are not yet got up to the first memory of things done in Europe.

In the \time of the/ Argonautic expedition Castor & Pollux were beautiful \very/ young men & Helena was a child their sisters Helena & Clytemnestra were children & their wives Phœbe & Ilaira were also very young. a|A|ll these with \the Argonauts/ Lynceus & Idas were the grandchildren of Gorgophone the daughter of Perseus, the son of Danae the daughter of Acrisius & Eurydice. |And Perieres & Oebalus the husbands of Gorgophone were the sons of Cynortes the son of Amyclas the brother of Eurydice. And Sthenelus & M{illeg}|e|stor the brothers of Gorgophone married Nicippe & Lycidice the daughters of Pelops. And Pelops married Hippodamia the daughter of Euarete the daughter of Acrisius| And the Argonauts Æsculapius was the grandson of Leucippus & Phlegya & Leucippus was the son of Amyclas the brother of Eurydice. And Capaneus, one of the seven captains against Thebes was the son husband of Euadne the daughter of Iphis the son of Alector the son of Anaxagoras the son of Megapenthes the son of Prætus the brother of Acrisius. \And Mæstor the son of Perseus married Lycidice the daughter of Pelops./ And from these generations it may be gathered that Perseus was \& Cynortes were/ of about the same age wth Minos, & Pelops & Sesac \& Labdacus/. And that Acrisius Prætus Euridyce & Amyclas were of about the same age with \15 or 20 years older then/ Cadmus, Dardanus & Iasion, or of about the same age with David.

Now Sesac reigned in t was king of Egypt in the days of Solomon (1 King. 11.40) & {sic} had many wars under his father before he began to reign (               ) & therefore was born before the end of David reign of Solomon & by consequence was one of the brothers of Solomons Queen. ffor she was the

<230v>

Pag 18 lin 51 dele. Amphion & Zetus Niobe & Pelops – – – was contemporary to Polydorus.

Ib. l ult. scribe \31 post [a litle before] add/ [And by these circumstances Cadmus & Europa came into Greece about three generations \or an hundred a hundred years years/ before the Argonautic expedition or about that time when the nations fled from David round about him as above the middle of Davids reign.] For after David removed from Hebron \{to} Ierusalem/ he had great warrs wth the nations round about & conquered \subdued/ \wch lasted till about the 15th or 16th year of his reign & in those/ /wars he conquered\ the Philistims & Edom & Moab & Ammon & Amalec & the Syrians of Zobah & Rehob & Maach|a|h & Ishtob & Damascus. And in the end of those wars Bathsheba was with & a year or two after those wars Solomon was born & his son Rehoboam was 41 years old born a year before the death of David. And therefore the Syrians & Ammonites & Edomites were conquered about the 15th year of Davids reign {illeg} & And then it may be supposed that [as many of the Edomites fled to Egypt & other places, so] many of the Syrians & Phenicians fled by sea under the conduct of Cadmus & other captains to Asia minor Greece & Libya to seek new seats. And t

Ib. l. ult. scribe And by \from/ these circumstances, \it may be gathered that/ Cadmus & Europa came into Greece about three \ordinary/ generations or an hundred years before the Argonautic expedition, that is, about the [time that the nations fled from David as above \middle of Davids {reign} or but a very litle before/; & \& that/ Epopeus or Apis was slain & Amphion & Zetus born about the end of Davids reign; [& yt Laius recovered this kingdom from Amphion \of Thebes/ about the end of the reign of Solomon.]

Trogus in his 18th book tells us: A rege Ascaloniorum expugnati Sidonij navibus appulsi Tyrum urbe ante annum Trojanæ cladis expugnarunt condiderunt. And Strabo (l. 16) Aradus was built by men who fled from Sidon Hence Isaiah calls Tyre the daughter of Zidon, the inhabitants of the isle whom the merchants of Ty Zidon have replenished. And Solomon in ye beginning of his reign calls the servants \people/ of Tyre Zidonians: My servants, saith he, shall be with thy servants, & unto thee will I give hire for thy servants according to all that thou desirest, for thou knowest that there is not amongst us any that can skill to hew timber like the Zidonians 1 King. 5.6. The new inhabitants of Tyre had not yet lost the name of Zidonians nor had the old inhabitants (if there were any considerable number of them) gained the reputations of the new ones for skill in hewing of timber, as they would have done had shipping been long in use at Tyre. This was |the state of Tyre in the beginning of the reign of Solomon. & with Hiram was then King of Tyre & & his whose reign began (according to Iosephus) in the 33th year of the reign of David. when the king of Ascalon took Sidon| in the {sic} days of Hiram the second king of Tyre mentioned in history, & [thence we may reccon that Abibalus the father of Hiram ye when the Sidonians fled from the king of Ascalon \thence to Tyre/ in \to/ the day under the conduct of Abibalus the father of Hiram, & made him to Tyre & made him their first king yt] forct Hiram \{their shipping and} since he And he/ |And he| much enlarged the city & adorned it with new Temples & other structures (as uses to be done in \cities when they become/ the head cities of new kingdoms) |& his father Abibalus is the first king of Tyre mentioned in history, \& hence/ we may look upon reccon that the Sidonians built Tyre in the reign of these two kings & by consequence in the reign of David & Solomon, & yt Sidon was taken in the reign of David.| we may {sic} from all these considerations reccon his father Abibalus to have been the first king of Tyre, & that when the {illeg} king of Ascalon took Sidon [the Sidonians fled from D thence the king of Ascalon to Tyre \{illeg}/ under the \his the/ conduct of Abibalus \of Abibalus/, & by consequence in the reign of David. \For Hiram began to reign (according to Iosephus) in the three & thirtieth year of Davids reign]/ And when they fled by some of them /Zidonians\ fled \by sea/ to Tyre & others to Aradus, it is reasonable to beleive that others fled by {illeg} sea to other \such/ other places by with wch \as/ they had been acquainted \with/ by means of their trafique, as to Asia Minor, Greece & Libya. ffor when Cadmus & other Phenician commanders came with colonies into Asia Minor, Greece & Libya. ffor when Cadmus & other Phenician commanders came with colonies into Asia minor & Greece & the gr neighbouring islands, they came others fled with colonies to Libya & there built many cities, as Nonnus affirms. And there their leader was also called Cadmus, that is, an eastern man, & his wife Sithonis, a Sidonian. When the Edomites fled from David, some of them into Egypt, & others to other Philistim places; \/ those that fled to the Philistims being skilled in navigation upon the red sea, \might/ built|d| ships upon the mediterranean & thereby enabled the Philistims to invade Sidon by Sea.

<231r> [Editorial Note 84]

Hypparchus interfectus

Legislature of Minos
Lycurgus
Draco
Solon
Solon natus
Crœsum videt
Moritur
Thalesnatus
moritur
Pythagorasnatus
{Thaletem videt}
in Italiam {illeg}
moritur
Anaximander natus
moritur

Pisistratus natus

Cyaxeres Nineven excind.

{illeg} Darius Medus regn natus
regnat
moritur
vincitur a Cyro

Eclipsis \/ a Thalete prædicta

Crœsus captus a Cyro

Cyaxeres regnat
moritur
Bellum II Messeniacum incipit
desinit
Bellum I. Messen. incipit
desinit

Pul regnat

Tiglathpilesar regnat

Salmonasser regnat

Sennacherib regnat, Samariam cœpit

Asserhadon regnat
Babyloniam vincit
moritur

Sabacon Ægyptum invadet

Bocchoris regnat in
occiditur

Olympias prima.

Dido in Libyam profugit

Tyrij Carteiam occupant

Honorius, natus, floret, obit.

Hesiodus natus floret obit.

Troja capta.

Bellum Epigonorum

Bellum Thebanum ducum 7.

Hercules moritur

Theseus moritur

Hyllus occiditur

Ægystus occiditur

Eurysthæus occiditur

Chiron occiditur

Expeditio Argonautica

Talus occiditur.

Mephramuthosis regnat

Tethmosis regnat

Ammon regnat

Sesach regnat

Orus regnat

Amenoph regnat

Ramesses regnat

Mœris regnat.

Cheops

Chephren

Micerinus

Nitocris

Asychis

Anysis

Gnephactus

Boccharis

S{illeg}|t|{illeg}hanates

Necepsos

Nechus

Petubastes

Osorchon

Psammis

<231v>

Cranaus who flourished \in they {sic} days of Deucalion flour {sic}/ in the first half of Davids reign was the successor of Cecrops an Egyptian who came into Greece in the days of Actæus & married his daughter Agraulos & reigned after him in the regions of Attica. Cecrops therefore flourished in the reign of Samuel & Actæus in the latter end of the days of Eli.

Phoroneus \& his father Inachus/ flourished in the reign of Saul days of Sa{mu}|ul| Samuel & Eli.

Lycaon dyed just before the flood of Deucalion as above & according to Pausanias was contemporary to Cecrops, & had many children & so might reign long: & Pelasgus was one generation older being his father & so was contemporary to Samuel.

Lacedæmon was the son of Taygeta & Sparta the daughter of Eurotas the son or brother of Myles the son of Lelex an Egyptian. Eurotas built Sparta & Myles succeeded his father Lelex in Elis, & Polycaon the yongest {sic} brother of Myles invaded Messene then peopled only by villages & built cities therein & {sic} called it Messene after the name of his wife. Myles set up a Quern or hand mill to build grind corn & is re{f}|p|uted the first who did so. But he flourished before Triptolemus & seems to have had his corn & artificers from Egypt. Lelex was the father of Cleson – when Eli & Samuel judged Israel.

When these men came from Egypt – race of the kings of Sicyon

Pirasus Peranthis Criasus or Iasus is recconed the son of {sic} \either of that/ Argus \or some other Argus/, & father of Callithyia the first Priestess of \& the founder of the temple of/ Iuno Argiva, & so was contemporary to Acrisius & Erydice {sic}. And his duaghter Callithyia was the first Priestess of that Goddess. And his brother Phorbas went with a collony to Rhodes & reigned there purging that island from serpents & wild beasts. And pehaps {sic} he fled with the Telchines from wild beast Phorones|eu|s, & might be succeeded in Rhodes by his son by his son Triopas. For Agenor the son of Triopas invaded Argos with a great multitude of horse & married his daughter Messene to Polycaon & \as/ above & was succeeded by his son either in Rhodes or some part of Argos by his son Crotopus. But the history of those \early/ ages of Greece \Argos/ /Greece\ is in the dark.

<232r>

– p 34. lin 25 – Erechtheus Celeus & Minos. Mythologists say that the last woman with whom Iupiter lay was Alcmena & there{fore}|by| they seem to put an end to the reign of Iupiter among mortals (that is the sliver age) when Alcmena was with \with child of/ Hercules who was born about the eighth year of Rehoboam as above: Chiron was with begot by Saturn in the golden age when Iupiter was with |a| child in the Cretan cave as above & this was in the reign of his father Asterius in in {sic} Crete, & therefore Asterius reigned in Crete in the golden age & the silver age begun when Chiron was a child. And unless Chiron was about | not above {illeg}|70| years old in the time of the Argonautic expedition when he invented the Asterisms, the silver age will \not/ begin about before the reign of Solomon. The golden age therefore fell in with the reign of Asterius & the silver age with that of Minos. This fable of the four ages{sic} seems to have been made by the Curetes &c – Troy was but one generation older earlier.

I have now carried up the Chronology of the Greeks – caves of the earth.

In the beginning \second year/ of the reign of Saul the Philistims brought into the field against him thirty thousand chariots & six thousand horsmen & foot without number, whereas in the days of Moses al the chariots of Egypt \with wch Pharaoh pursued Israel/ were but six hundred Exod XIV.7. By \ffrom/ the great army of the Philistims I conclude that seem to gather that the shepherds had newly relinquished Egypt & assisted \joyned them/ them {sic}. They might be beaten & driven out of the greatest part of Egypt & shut up in Abaris by Mephramuthosis in \the latter end of/ the days of Eli & some of them then fly to the Philistims & strengthen them against Israel. And from thence \Philistims/ some of them might escapte to Zidon & from Zidon to the colonies by sea to \Greece &/ other places. And afterwards in the beginning of the reign they \of Saul the shepherds wch remained in Egypt/ might be forced by Thummosis or Amosis the son of Misphramuthosis to leave Abaris & retire \also/ to the Philistims. And upon these occasions several of them might come from (as Inachus3, Pelasgus1, Lelex4, \Ezeus/ Cecrops2, Abas5) [as Inachus the father of Phoronæus & Ægialeses \& Phegeus & Io;/ Pelasgus the father of Lycaon; Lelex the father of Myles \Cleson/ Eurotas & Polycaon; Cecrops the father of {Agraulos} \successor of Antæus/ & predecessor of Cranaus & Abas the father of Acrisius & Prætus.] in the days of Eli Samuel & Saul \might/ come from Ægypt by sea to Sidon & Cyprus & thence to Greece in the days of Eli Samuel & Saul, & thereby began to open a comerce between Greece & Sidon \a little/ before the coming of the Phœnicians from the red sea. 1Cecrops might come from Sais to Cyprus & thence to Attica in the beginning of the reign of Saul \days of Samuel/ & marry Agraulos the daughter of Actæus & succeed him in Attica, Lelex & leave his kingdom to Cranaus in the beginning of the reign of David. \For Cranaus reigned till the flood of Deucalion/ Lelex mi 3Inachus might come with his people in the days of Eli & seat himself in {illeg} Argos upon the river Inachus so named from him & leave his possessions to his children Phoroneus Ægialeus & Phegeus in the days of Samuel \For Car the son of Phoroneus built a temple to Ceres in Megara. 4 Lelex reigned in Elis. {illeg} and/ Lelex might come with his people in the days of Eli & leave his possessions to his children Myles, Eurotas Cleson & Polycaon \in the days of Samuel/. For Myles was either the father or brother of \succeeded his father Lelex in Elis &/ Eurotas who built Sparta & called it by the name of his daughter Sparta the wife of Lacy|e|dæmon: And Lacedæmon & Sparta were the parents of Eurydice the wife of Acrisius. And Polycaon invaded Messene then peopled only by villages & built cities therein & called it Messene after the name of his wife, Cleson was the father of Eurotas \Pylus/ the father of Scyron who married the daughter of Pandion the son of Erechtheus & contended with Nisus the son of Pandion & brother of Ægeus for the kingdom & Æacus adjudged it to Nisus. And Ogyges with his people were recconed a branch of the Leleges. 2Pelasgus was the father of Lycaon \according to Pherecydes Atheniensis)/ & Lycaon died just before the flood of Deucalion. occasions several of them, as Pelasgus, Cecrops, Inachus, & & Lelex, might come from Egypt by sea to Sidon, Cyprus, & Greece & Cyprus & thence to Greece Asia minor & Greece in the days of Eli, Samuel & Saul, & thereby begin to open a commerce between Greece & Sidon before the coming of the Phenicians from the red sea. Pelasgus \reigned in Arcadia &/ was the father of Lycaon (according to Pherecides Atheniensis) & Lycaon dyed before just before the flood of Deucalion. \He sacrificed children & therefore was one of the shepherds./ Cecrops might come from Cyprus to Attica Sais to Cyprus & thence to Attica in the days of Samuel & marry Agraulos the daughter of Actæus & succeed him in Attica in the \soon after/ & leave his kingdom to Cranaus in the \reign of Saul or/ beginning of the reign of David ffor the flood of Deucalion happened in the reign of Cranaus. Inachus might come with his people \from Egypt/ into Argos \in the days of Eli/ & seat himself upon the river Inachus so named from him, & leave his territories to his sons Phoroneus, Ægialeus & {sic} Phegeus in the days of Samuel. For Car the son of Phoroneus built a temple to Ceres in Megara, & therefore was contemporary to Erechtheus. Lelex might come with his people into \{Laconica} &/ Elis in the days of Eli & leave his territories <232v> to his sons Myles Eurotas Cleson & Polycaon in the days of Samuel. For ffor Myles succeeded his father Lelex in Elis Eurotas \Eurotas the brother or as some say the son of Myles/ built Sparta & called it by the name of his daughter \Sparta/ the wife of Lacedæmon & mother of Eurydice. Cleson Cleson was the father of Pylas the father of Scyron who married \the daughter of/ Pandion the son of Erechtheus & contended with Nisus the son of Pandion & brother of Ægeus for the kingdom & Æacus adjudged it to Nisus. Polycaon invaded Messene then peopled only by villages & built cities thereing & called it Messene after the name of his wife \Messene the daughter of Agenor the son of Triopas & sister of brother of Phorbas./ And Ogyges & his people were recconed a branch of the Leleges. And these \are the/ oldest things in Greece of which there is any memory now extant.

Myles set up a Quern or hand-mill to grind corn, & is reputed the first among the Greeks who did so: but he flourished before Triptolemus & seems to have had his corn & artificers from Ægypt.

The city Eleusine was built either by Ogyges or his son Eleusine. \i.e./ They built a few houses of clay wch in time grew into a city.

Peranthus \Piranthus or Piratus king of the Achivi/ was the son of Argus. His daughter was Cally|i|thyia was the first Priestess of Iuno Argiva. Triops was his son & successor

Phrobas who purged the island Rhodes from wild beasts & serpents is by Hyginus called the son of Triopas, by

And about that time happened th Ceres d was the death of Ceres who set on foot plowing & sowing in the silver age. Count backwards 33 years & the siver {sic} age will begin about the 15 year of Solomon. Chiron was begot by Saturn in the golden age when Iupiter was a child in the Cretan cave as above. And therefore Asterius reigned in Crete in the golden age {illeg}. And unless Chiron was above 80 years old at the time of the Argonautic expedition he will be born a when he made the Asterisms the golden age will reach to the end of Davids reign & may reach to the 10th or 15th year of Solomons. The golden age th Mythologists tellus {sic} that Niobe the daughter of Phoroneus was the first woman with whom Iupiter lay & that of her he begot Argus king of Argos next after Phoroneus |who succeeded Phoroneus in the kingdom of Argus & gave his name to that city.| But the Phenicians began to call|ed| all{illeg} kings Iupters from the time of their first coming into Greece with Cadmus & Europa \into Greece/; & therefore they might mean that Niobe was begot with child of Apis presen \in particular they/ said that Europa Niobe was got with child {sic} by Iupiter [presently after the coming of Cadmus & Eur the Phenicians \with Cadmus & Europa/ into Europe Greece] just before Europa was got wth child of Minos] Iupiter begat Argus of Nio But by what has been said it appears that Minos reigned in the silver age & Asterius in the golden \the first woman got wth child by of Argus after their coming into Europe Gre/ This fable of the four ages seems to have been made by the Curetes – Troy was but one generation earlier |& dyed| about the twelf \or 15th/ year of Solomon as above, that is, in the silver age.

Mytholagists {sic} tell us that Niobe the daughter of Phoroneus was the first woman with whom Iupiter lay, & that of her he begot Argus who succeeded Phoroneus in the kingdom of Argos & gave his name to that city. [But the Phenicians called all kings Iupiters from the time of their first coming into Greece, & said in particular that Minos was the son of Iupiter & Europa] But they might mean that Argus was born presently after the coming of the Phenicians with Cadmus into Greece & so was of about the same age with Minos. ffor the Phenicians gave the name of Iupiter \to the father of Minos & to Tantalus the father of Pelops & Perseus/ to every king from the time of their first coming into Greece with Cadmus & Europa \& particularly to the fathers of Minos, Pelops & Perseus Æacus & Perseus/ {illeg} during the two first of the four ages to the end of the silver age \& particularly to the fathers of Minos Pelops & Perseus/. Argus was the father of Pirasus {or} Piranthus the father of Callithya the first priestess of Iuno Argivas. He was also the f{ather} of Phorbas who went into the island Rhodes & purged it from wild beasts & serpents.

[Editorial Note 85]

Prometheus the fa brother of Atlas & \grand/father of Amphictyon was not the then father of Deucalion in whose days the flood happened.

Some give the names of Saturn & Iupiter \& saturn/ to Asterius & Apteras the father & grandfather of Minos [And some tell us that Deucalion in whose days the flood ha came, was the son of Prometheus the brother of Atlas.] But the reign of Minos suits best with the silver age, [& {illeg} Prometheus the brother of Atlas was younger then Deucalion the father of Hellen]

– And some tell us that Prometheus the brother of Atlas was the father of that Deucalion in whose days the flood came: but that Prometheus was later {sic} \three generations later/ then Deucalions flood.

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The on We are told that Cadmus peopled Thebes wth the Sparti \men/ who had been disperst by Deucalion's flood & came returned from all parts to Thebes & from their dispersion were called Sparti. The principal of these were Echion, Cthonius, Hyperenor, Pelorus & Vdæus. This flood by wch they were dispersed is said to have happened in the reign of Cranaus \when Cranaus reigned at {illeg} Athens/, & in the end of the reign {of} Lycaon in Arcadia. The Marbles place it ten years before the coming of Cadmus, & perhaps it was not so long before. [And next after this flood the Poets place the four ages of gold silver {bras} Copper & iron. Hesiod tells us that these fourth age ended with the Trojan war. ages were equipollent to so many generations, ea each of these ages ended when the men of that age \grew hoary & old &/ dropt into the grave, & therefore they were equipollent to generations. He tells us also that the first fourth age ended with the Trojan war, And Apollonius R & if from the taking of Troy you count backwards four generations recconning \about/ three generations to an hundred years they will place the beginning of these ages about the middle of Davids reign. Apollonius Rhodius tells us that {illeg} when the Argonauts came to Crete they slew Talus a brazen man who remained of those \that were/ of the brazen age & guarded that Island. [Talus was the son of Minos & therefore Minos reigned in the silver age.] & that Saturn deceived Rhea & begat Chiron of Philyra when he reigned over the Titans in Olympus & Iupiter was educated in the Cretan cave by the Idæan Curetes in the Cretan cave. & \&/ Hesiod \also tells us/ that Iupiter was educated in Crete. The silver \brazen/ age therefore ended with the Argonautic expedition & Minos the father of Talus reigned in the silver age & this age began af \with after/ the birth of Chiron. who \& he He/ lived till that \after the Argonautic/ expedition & whose grand had two grandchildren in that expedition: & therefore the golden age did not end above 70 or 80 years before that expedition.

The Poets tell us of four ages of the Gods wch they call the golden silver brazen & iron ages, & Hesiod tells us that the iron age fourth age ended with Trojan war & each of these ages ended when the men of that age dropt into the grave, & that the fourth age ended with the Trojan war. These ages were therefore four generations of men ending with the Trojan war. And if from that war you count upwards four ordinary generation {sic} three of wch make an hundred years, they will begin about the middle of Davids reign, & so succeed Deucalions flood be the four ages next after the coming of Cadmus Deucalions flood & the coming of Cadmus. Apollonius Rhodius tells us that when the Argonauts came to Crete they slew Talus a brazen man of the th brazen age who remained of those that were of the brazen age & guarded that Island: & \therefore/ the brazen age ended with the Argonautic expedition & Minos the father of Talus flourished in the silver age. The ancients tell us \also/ that in this age plowing & sowing, & \navigation by the stars &/ hunting & Arts & sciences began in Greece: & therefore this was the \it was the silver/ age in wch Ceres taught the Greeks to plow & sow \& Erechtheus reigned at Athens & Minos had a fleet/ & Actæon the grandson of Cadmus exercised hunting & the Idæi dactyli, \&/ Vulcan & Dædalus introduced \metals &/ arts & sciences. Apollonius Rhodius Hesiod tells us that \the great/ Iupiter was educated in Crete. And Apollonius Rhodius that when Saturn reigned over the Titans deceived Rhea & begat Chiron of Philyra when he reigned over the Titans in Crete Olympus [a mountain in Crete] & Iupiter was educated by the Idæan Curetes in the Cretan Cave. Now Chiron lived till after the Argonautic expedition & had two grandchildren in that expedition, & therefore the c he was younger then the latter part of the golden age in wch Chiron was born was not above 70 or 80 years before the Argonautick expedition, & Minos who \was/ older <233v> then Chiron, was born in the golden age & flourished in the silver age & his parents Asterius & Europa & Cadmus \& Atimnus/ the brothers of Europa, flourished in the golden age.

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After Apis king of ye Sicyons Chronologers reccon many kings \of the Sicyonians/ till the reign of Epopeus. who came from Thessaly \He was a stranger from Thessaly/ & {illeg} succeded the last of them. He stole He stole Antiopa the daughter of Nicteus who was guardian \Tutor/ of Labdacus & Administrator of ye kingdom of Thebes. Whereupon Nicteus made war upon him & coming to a battle both were wounded & Nicteus soon after dying left the Tuition of Labdacus & administration of ye kingdom to his brother Lycus & Lamedon son Epopeus also dying soon after was succeeded by Lamedon who sent home Antiopa & in the way home she brought forth Amphion & Zethus. These things happened in the tuition of Labdacus {illeg} or about 30 the grandson of Cadmus: & he that is between one & two generations after the coming of Cadmus into Europe may be pla & by consequence between the beginning & middle of Solomons reign. And therefore the reign of Epopeus falls in with that of Apis, & \so/ both are the same king. Epopeus is Epap\h/us that \& Epaphus/ is Apis. So then all the kings between Apis & Epopeus are spurius, as I gather also by these characters, that Apis no regions or cities were called by any of their names nor had the Sicyonians any war before the reign of Epopeus.

Lamedon succeeding Epopeus \in the kingdom/ married Phenio an Athenian the daughter of Clitius & presently making war upon Archander & Architeles the sons of Acheus, confederated with Sicyon the son of Metion the son of Erectheus giving him his daughter Zeuxippe \to wife/ & Sicyon succeeding in the kingdom gave the name of Sicyonia to ye kingdom \country/ & of Sicyon to the city called Ægyale before. [Athenophyte the daughter of Sicyon, married Philias ye son of Bacchus & Ariadne] Lamedon therefore & Ægyal Sicyon were contemporary \to Palemon the son of Metion & father of Dædalus &/ to Archander & A{illeg}rchiteles \who/ who flourished about the end o in ye reign of Rehoboam & \they/ \& to Palemon the son of Metion the father of Dædalus/ married the daughters of Danaus & so were contemporary to Rehoboam. Sicyon was succeeded by his grandson Polybus & he by Adrastus king of Argos & Adrastus by Ianiscus the grandson of that Clitius whose daughter married Lamedon, & he \Ianiscus/ by Phæstus one of the sons of Hercules & after another short reign or two the kingdom was \ceased being/ united to that of ye Mycenæ under Agamenon {sic} before ye Trojan war.

Apis from whom Peloponnesus was called Apia was king both of both Api a Sicyon & b[216] Argus but after his death the kingdome became divided. Lamedon & Sicyon succeeded at Sicyon & {sic} Argus the son of Apis at Argos \or rather as b[217] others say the son of Iupiter & Niobe/ so named from this king. In the reign of Argus Greece began to exercise agriculture & therefore he flourished about the middle of Solomons reign. [His sons were Pirasus \(or Corisus{sic} or Crinus)/ Phorbas & Tiry\n/thus \(or Piranthus) or Peirasus)/ (Pausan l. 2 c 16, 25.) & Phorbas was the father of Triopas & he the father of Iasus & Agenor & Agenor the father of Crotopus & he of Sthenelas & he of Gelanor whom D Danaus expelled & succeeded.] His sons were Tirynthus o|(|Piranthus Peirasus or Criasus) & Phobar After him reigned \Criasus or/ Acrisius Sthenalus Danaus | Euristheus Lynceus &

[Editorial Note 86]

\Danaus married two of his daughters to/ Archander & Archelites who were the sons of Achæus the son of \Xuthus &/ Creusa the daughter of Erectheus & therefore Danaus {illeg} was between two & three generations younger then Erectheus {illeg} \& so/ flourished in the reign of David Rehoboam, because Erechtheus flourished in the latter part of the reign of David

Inventio {illeg} quibus {illeg} Soli & Planetæ Pars II

Investigatio motuum qui a gravitate universali oriuntur.

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Sicyonij \qui/ sunt Corinthijs finitimi, hæc de originibus suis commemorant: Extitisse primum in ea regione Ægialeum terræ filium, atqꝫ eo regnante cum Peloponnesi partem quæ Ægialus \jam/ nuncupatur nomen sumpsisse. Hanc Ægialeam condidisse. Ægialeo patre Europem natum, Europe Telchinem. Huic filium Apin fuisse cujus ante Pelopis in Olympiam adventum easqꝫ opes creverint ut ea tota regio quæ intra Istmum est ab eo fuerit Apia nuncupata. Apis Thelxionem suscepit Thelxion Ægyrum &c.

Corace sine liberis mortuo Epopeus qui id temporis e Thessalia venerat imperium [Ægialensi] {illeg} sibi vindicavit. [Nonne Epopeus idem qui Epaphus velApis. Eo regnante hostilem exercitum tradunt in fines suos {inent|m|sisse} quum ante perpetua pace usi fuissent. Causa belli hæc perhibetur. Epopeus Antiopam Nictei filiam rapuit. Nicteus \qui/ tutor fuit Labdaci filij Polydori & eo nomine regnum Thebanorum administravit, bellum intulit Epopeo & commisso prælio uterqꝫ vulnteratur Nicteus non ita multo post moriens regni admistrationem {sic} & Labdaci tutelam Lyco fratri reliquit, et non multo post Lamedon Epopeo morienti in regnum succedens, Athiopen Lyco dedidit, quæ dum quum Thebas reduceretur in ipsa via Zethum & Amphiona parit. Lamedon regno inito uxorem Atheniensem Pheno Clitij filiam, et bello mox contra Achæos Archandrum & Architelem suscepto, ex Attica belli gerendi sibi socium Sicyonem Metionis filium Erechthei nepotem adscivit data ei in matrimonium Zeuxippe filia: a quo postea jam regnum adepto & regio tota Sicyonia et urbs quæ ante Ægiale fuit Sicion{illeg} noncupata est. E Sicyone Chthonophyle gignitur quæ Mercurio Polybum peperit & postea Phlianti Liberi patris filio nupsit &c. \Lamedon/ Sicyon therefore was contemporary to Bacchus & \by consequence to Solomon &/ Rehoboam, Epopeus \or Apis to/ to {sic} \David or/ Solomon, Telchin to David, & Ægialus to Samuel. Between Ægyalus Apis & Epopeus {illeg} Chronologers place many other |names of| kings but those kings \names/ are to be suspected \partly/ because none of them gave their names to any region or city as was customary in those ages, & partly because they had no wars wth any nation. ffor the Sicyonians affirmed that they enjoyed perpetual peace till the reign of Epopeus. Epopeus is Epaphus & Epaphus is the same king wth Apis. The war between Nicteus & Epopeus being in the minority of Labdacus {illeg} \happened/ neare ye beginnning of the reign of Solomon & then were Amphion & Zethus born \Then Epopeus ended/ & Lamedon began his reign. Epope Apis grew very \so/ rich before ye coming of Pelops into Olympus that all Peloponnesus was called Apia. \Then Pelops gave it the name of Pelopone\sus// Now \upon the death of/ Atreus the elder son of Pelops did who at that time who Paris sto Menelaus went into Crete to share the riches of Atreus & at that time Paris stole Hellena, that is 20 years before the destruction of Troy. Allow 50 years to ye \two/ reigns of Pelops & {illeg} Atreus & ye reign of Pelops will begin about 70 years before ye destruction of Troy, that is about ye time of Solomon's death, & thus the \preceding/ reign of Apis will fall in wth the reign of Solomon

Phoroneus ex Laodice Apin & Niben genuit. Apis potestatem suam in Tyrannidem vertens & vi cuncta gerens, Peloponnesum Apiam suo de nomine vocari jussit. Is demum Thelxionis & Telchinis insidijs appetitus sine liberis excessit vita & relatus inter Deos Sarapis appellatus est. Apollodor l. 2. c. 1.

Pelops pater Atrei et Thyestis. Thi|y|estes pater Pelopiæ matris Ægythei [c|q|ui tempore Agame\m/noni synchronus fuit.] Atreus pater Plisthenis patris Agamemnonis. E\r/go Pelops tres generationes antiquior {illeg} Agamemnone et Ægystheo {illeg} \fuit {illeg} ideoqꝫ/ floruit sub finem regni Solomonis, natus circa initium regni ejus. Ab eo Peloponnesus nomen habuit prius dicta Apia. For Apis \was very ambitious & tyrannical &/ grew so rich before the coming of Pelops into Olympias that all Peloponneus {sic} was from him called Apia. He flourished theref a little before Pelops suppose in ye beginning of Solomons reign. ffor in those days kingdoms changed their names wth every king. \ffrom Pelasgus Apis & Pelops the Peninsula was successively called Pelasgia, Apia & Peop{illeg}onnesus {sic}/ Apis|He| is by some accounted the son of Nilobe the daughter of Phoroneus, \by others the brother of Niobe (Hygin Fab 45{)}/ by others the son of Telchin the son of Europs the son of Ægialeus. [others say that he was slain by Telchin & The {Sycion}.] The Greeks feign that he went into Egypt & became the great God Apis, \{illeg}/ or Epaphus \or Serapis or Osiris/ of ye Egyptians.

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Iupiter & Osiris all the Giants were extinct. This war was waged therefore in the days of Iupiter Iupiter Hammon & his son \& daughter/ o|O|siris \& Isis/. |The captain of the Giants is usually called Typhæus {illeg}|or| Typhon & he was the brother of Osiris & both of the z[218] were ye sons of Iupiter Hammon. So that this war was waged between the sons of Ham. Among ye Gods were|as| Hercules another son of Ham & he {illeg} the Egyptian Iupiter & in memory of his living in this age he is still painted with a club. {illeg} There were also Isis Latona & Minerva the daughters of ye same Iupiter & \{illeg}/ Orus, Bubaste, Thoth {illeg} Orus Bubas Apollo Diana Mercury his {illeg} young grandchildren.| & the giants were Typhon {illeg} \&/ his confederates Otus Ephiates & ye rest. As the one are called Gods for ye honour done to them by posterity so the other are tho they were but men so ye other are called Giants not for their stature but for their strength & might [Sometimes they are represented all together by Typhon alone \a monstrous giant/ with many heads & twice as many hands. Amongst them is recconed Aso queen of Ethiopia which shews that they were Africans. And least you should think them {illeg} forreigners Typhon {illeg} was the brother of Osiris & son of Iupiter Hammon & by consequence \he was/ Phut ye father of ye Africens {sic} & \Queen/ Aso was his {illeg} wife & \Otus & Ephiales &/ the rest of ye giants were his {illeg} posterity. These {illeg} giants first slew Osiris & then put the Gods to flight, till as the Poets sing, {illeg} untill Hercules came to their assistance. ffor all agree, saith Diodorus, yt in this war Hercules assisted ye Gods. And in memory thereof he is still painted wth a club. ffor he was also the son of Iupiter Hammon & lived \flourished/ in ye brazen age when they fought wth clubs & in memory thereof is still painted wth a club. How the Giants invaded ye Gods & put them to flight seems thus commemorated.]

The captain of these Giants is usually called Typhon or \said to be is {sic} usually called/ Typhæus the or Typhon \He He was/ the brother of Osiris so that \& therefore/ this war was between the sons of Hamm Iupiter Hammon.] As \those on/ the one \side/ are called Gods tho they were not so, so \they|ose| on/ ye other side are called Giants not for their stature but because of their strength & might & immanity \& out of the hatred born them by the Egyptians./ Sometimes they are represented \all together/ by Typhon alone \in/ a monstous {sic} gigantick form wth many heads & twice as many hands \Among them was Aso Queen of Ethiopia, which that she by con wch shews that they were Africans./ The Giants first slew Osiris & then invaded put all ye Gods to flight \as the Poets sing/ till Hercules came{illeg} to their assistance. {illeg} \And/ Hence {sic} f[219] making mentioning{illeg} the interior Africans saith, Tis agreed by the greatest reported that they once making an impression into Egypt made a great part of ye land void of its inhabitants. But But how this & the next war wth wch the Iron age began will be better understood when I shall have shewed who are the persons were ye Gods concerned in them.

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Bella{illeg} \quæ/ ætate ærea et fe ætatibus duabus ultimis gesta

Diodorus tells us that the greatest part of the Egyptian Priests agreed in this that by the war waged between the G waged against Iupiter & Osiris all the Giants were extinct.

The third age thef|r|efore began wth the reign of ye I s division of ye earth between the sons of Ham & their reign in their several lots. In their age \{time} \reign// happen that war between ye Gods of \between ye Gods/ & Giants concerning wch |In this age wars began first to break out as the poets {sing} & therefore here we are to look for the war between ye Gods & Giants. ffor that was the oldest of all others & was waged in ye age of the Gods when they lived altogether in Egypt, & Diodorus tells us that Iupiter Hammon & his son Osiris {illeg} reigned {in}|there| Egypt. For| Diodorus tells us yt the greatest part of ye Egyptian priests were agreed that by ye war against waged against Iupiter & Osiris all the Giants were extinct. [The Gods therefore were Iupiter that is \Iupiter/ Hammon & \his son/ Osiris & Isis & their assistants |Isis, \Latona/| Apollo, \Diana, Laton/ Mercury, Minerva, Hercules: for b[220] all agreed that Hercules assisted ye Gods in this war. The Giants were their enemies therefore \Typhon, Otus, Ephialtes &c/ Th{illeg}|o|se famous enemies of the \Iupiter/ Osiris & ye Gods, ffor \The/ Typhon & Aso ye Queen of Ethiopia Typhon, Otus, Epialtes & \those famous ene/ Aso queen of Ethiopia, & the rest of their confederates: all wch are usually represented by Typho alone wth many heads & twice as many hands. Osiris |They are said to be assisted by Aso an {African}|Æthiopian| Queen because they were Africans. Osiris| Isis Typhon Hercules & Minerva Latona were ye sons \& daughters/ of Iupiter Hammon as we shall presently shew, & therefore this war happened in ye thir third age. The giants first slew Osiris & then invaded Iupiter & ye Egyptians & put them to flight till Hercules came to their This & ye \next/ wars in the begin wch began ye iron age Hyginus has thus described in few words: [221] Afri et Ægyptij primum fustibus dimicaverunt deri postea Belus Neptuni filius glaio {illeg} belligeratus est unde bellum dictum. The Giants therefore were Africans. They first slew Osiris & then invaded ye Gods & put them all to flight (as ye Poets sing) till Hercules came to their assistance {illeg} Whence Diodorus making mention of ye inhabitants of ye interior Afric saith,[222] Hos fama est nuper Tis reported that they once making an impression into Egypt made a great part of ye land void of its inhabitants. But how this war was managed & \wth clubs/ that \wth swords & speres/ wch followed in the beginning of ye next fourth age or generation were managed we shal describe more fully after we have shewn who were the Gods concerned in them.

Let all this be inserted between sect 5 & sect. 6. with this title

6
{illeg} The wars in the brazen age were waged wth clubs between the sons of Cham & in ye end of that age they found out iron weapons.

The third age therefore began wth ye division of the Earth \Kingdom of Iupiter \Iupiter/ Hammon/ between the|his| sons of Ham & |wth| their reign in their several lots: And {illeg} in this age the Poet|s| tells us that wars began first to break out. The first wars were managed wth clubs & stones & such other weapons as were at hand before the invention of iron instruments the use of wch gave a beginning to the iron age. These first wars \s[223] Pliny thus mentions: Prælium Afri contra Ægyptios primum fecere fustibus quos vocant phalanges: &/ Higinus[224] thus describes: Afri et Æyptij primum fustibus dimicaverunt postea Belus Neptuni filius gladio belligeratus est unde bellum dictum. Belus reigned in the {illeg} Babylonia & Assyria & ye adjacent regions & therefore we are to look thither for ye begin ye iron age wth his conquest of those regions, & distributing them amongst his sons The & to look \in the third age before/ for ye war between ye Ægyptians & Africans. These Ægyptians were therefore ye Gods Egyptian Gods \who lived/ |in| of the third age |Now the Egyptians who lived in that age were the the {sic} Gods of Egypt & therefore this war was between the Gods & Giants| & the Giants \Africans/ were the Giants. ffor the war between ye Gods & Giants was waged while all ye Gods {illeg} were together in Egypt, & is ye oldest \war/ of wch we have any record. The time of this war is thus set down by t[225] Diodorus \where he tells us that in the ages of Isis there were Giants & then adds/. Tis agreed, saith he, by the greatest part of the Egyptian Priests that by the war waged against

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In ye reign of Amenophes the Æthiopians

After the death of Sesostris the Æthiopians & Lybians who rising from their seats \under Zara their king/ made an impresion upon \the southern part of os/ Egypt & /thence\ wth an army of an a thousand thousand men \& three hundred Chariots/ invaded Iudea in ye 15 year of ye reign of Asa. But while they were in Egypt, Asa having peace fortified all ye cities of Iudah |on all sides of (wch was for ten years together) {illeg} had prepared himself by abolishing Idolatry & seeking the Lord & fortifying all the cities of Iudah with walls & towers & arming his people & then met them in the borders of Iudea| & then met them with an army of five hundred & eighty thousand men & {illeg} smote them with a great overthrow so that they could not recover themselves. (2 Chron. \ch/ 14 & {illeg}16.8) And by this After wch the Egyptians recovered their kingdom & drove out ye Ethiopians into ye region above Thebais, wch from them got ye name of Ethiopia where they seated themselves & gave the name of Ethiopia to ye region. |& subdued \invaded/ all the cities towards Egypt, & the Ethiopians returning seated themselves upon above Thebais wch thence got the name of Ethiopia.| To this war Diodorus relates the (lib. 3 p      ) where \speaking of the people of interior Afric/ he saith Tis reported that the|y| inhabitants \people/ of interior Afric once making an impression into Egypt made a great part of the land void of its inhabitants. And Eusebius wher {illeg} where he saith that \in the reign of Amenophis/ ye Ethiopians rising from ye river Indus seated themselves by Egypt. (Euseb. n. 402.) {illeg} & by he \Yet Esebius {sic}/ is mistaken in fetching these Æthiopians from ye river Indus. Those Ethiopians wore lan \had lank \or straight// haire, these above Egypt were crisped above all men. (Herod l. 7. c. 70.) \& had Libyans mixed with them./ The mistake seems to have risen from the name of India imposed \given/ by ye ancients to \remote/ unknown regions as well southward as eastward. To the same war Manetho seems to relate in ye following passage recorded by Iosephus. – – –

Here Manetho seems to have out of {odium} \ill will/ to ye Iews to have feigned feigned some things, as that Osarsiphus was Moses, Amenophis to purge Egypt from an impure generation shut t confined them to ye city Abaris & that their captain Osarsiphus was Moses, If allowance be made for & that they rebelled & called in the Sheepherds to their assistance. If allowance be made for these things \this misapplication of the history/ ye record seems to amount to this, that Moses Asa (here called Asarsi Osarsiphus) {illeg} \was assisted/ in this war was assisted by the Arabic|ians| {illeg}, \&/ that ye {illeg} upon his victory over the Ethiopians Asa \war between the Iews &/ Amenophis \{illeg}/ to secure Egypt from ye conquer {sic} made towards them \the entrance of Egypt/ with an army of 300000 men & then returned to Memphis upon the flight of ye Ethiopians returned to M Heliopolis Memphis drive them out of Egypt, yet granted them ye region above Thebais upon condition that they should their king should be subordinate to him, & then \he & his son Rampses/ returned again wth a greater force drove ye Iews from ye places they had seized without cities they had invaded before Egypt (2. Chron 14.14 & kept them within |what {illeg} they had invaded \beyond their borders/ but entred not Iudea nor made war upon them any more For Asa| was thence forward free from war for 20 years together. but entred not {illeg} And thi|e|s|e| \thing {sic}/ explains the inscription upon the \famous/ Obelisk of Ramesses exp{ort}ing \expressing/ that he had Saved Egypt by overcoming forreigners, By forreigners he seems to meane \that is/ the Ethiopians \& perhaps ye/ Iews & Arabians. From these Ethiopians the Iew region above Iudea Thebais {illeg} acquired the name of Ethiopia, being chief

Yet by this war of ye Ethiopians the dominion of Egypt fell over ye nations fell. ffor Asa \henceforward had peace {illeg} about & /adorned the temple with gold & silver &\/ had no more war for 20 years after this victory these things & his son Iehosaphat placed forces in all the fenced cities of Iudah & had riches & honour in abundance And God established ye kingdom in his hand & ye fear of ye lord fell upon <237v> all the lands round about Iudea so that they made no war wth Iehosaphat & the Philistims & Arabians brought him great presents & tribute silver & he waxed great exceedingly & built in Iudah castells & cities of stone & had an army of eleven hundred & sixty thousand men besides those whom he put in the fenced cities & \reigned over the/ the {sic} Edomites were under his dominion \by a deputy/ till the reign of his son when \in wch/ they revolted & made themselves a king. {illeg} (2 Chron \ch/ 17 & ch. 21.8.) So then \the kingdom of Iudah from ye time of their victory over the Ethiopians continued free & waxed great exceedingly/ |so yt| Egypt had no further longer dominion of over Iudah /them\ & much less over ye remoter regions of Asia. Nor indeed is there do I read of any more war they made upon for any part of A \Egyptians made in Syria or any other part/ of Asia before ye reign of Nebuchadnezz Well therefore doth Herodotus tell us that ye Iews Sesostris was ye only King of Egypt who had ye dominion (Herod. lib. 3) He means in that catalogue of |ye| kings of Egypt wch he sets down wthout Memnon who lost it. For his successor Memnon Amenophes quickly lost it, there being but nine years Iudea serving Egypt only from ye 5t year of Rehoboam to ye 5t year of Asa, that is \wch was but/ 19 years.

<238r>

Hercules was therefore the chief commander of the forces of Osiris in Egypt the upper parts of Egypt. By his Thebais or the up \ye/ regions above the Delta that is in Thebais & \Arabic/ Ethiopia above Egypt. By his going naked \or only wth a skin wrapt about him/ & fighting with arrows & a club you may know him to be an Ethiopian \God/. ffor the|is| Ethiopians between Egypt & was the \habit &/ manner of the Ethiopians. Strabo l. ult. Sometimes Hercules is taken for Osiris himself as as where they celebrate his pillar ente {illeg} The Ethiopians worshipped Hercules & Isi Isis &        & the Greeks fetcht the worship of Hercules from Egypt.

Sometimes Hercules is taken for Osiris himself as where they extend his conquests from ye straits mouth |in|to India, celebrate his pillars, & make him the same God wth Mars, calling the star of Mars the star of Hercules.

While Sesostris – – – war against the Gods.

Diodorus tells us that when Osiris undertook – – – – Libya to Antæus. Antæus was therefore governour of Libya & the Libyan Ethiopia, Busiris of ye lower Egypt or Delta, & Hercules of the regions above the Delta that is or Thebais & the Arabic Ethiopia & Isa was {now} Queen over reigned over them by the advice of Mercury her sec Secretary of State. |therefore was General or Chief Captain of the the {sic} forces of Egypt by land, & Mercury was the Secretary of State, & Antæus & Busiris were governors of Provinces.| By Hercules his going naked or only wth a skin thrown about him & fighting with a club \& arrows/ you may know him to be an Ethiopian \or Theban/ God: for this was the habit & manner of the Ethiopians above Egypt (Strabo l.    ) The Ethiopians for the Ethiopians between Egypt & Meroe their Metropolis went either naked or with skins thrown about them & used Clubs & bows & lances & worshipped Hercules Pan & Isis (Strab l. 17) & the Greeks had this God from Egypt (Herod l. 2) Sometimes Hercules is taken for Osiris himself as where they \call him the companion of the Muses & Musagetes/ extend his conquests to India \& to the straits mouth/, celebrate his pillars & \say he was slain by Typhon/ |&| make him the same God with Mars \the God of war,/ calling the star of Mars the star of Hercules. For he \Osiris/ was the Hercules \or chief Captain/ of Egypt during the reign of his father Ammon.

While Sesostris & his great men were thus celebrated & deified by the nations, the \And as Hercules was the General so Neptune was the Admiral or/ commander of the ffleet of Egypt – – – – – – – of tall ships with sails. Riding on horsback – – – – in their war against the Gods Neptune to flight.

And considering that Osiris, when \when he took his expedition through the world/ left Antæus governour of Libya he seems to be the same man with Atlas. Both were Egyptians, both were Terræ filij or Titans, both reigned over Libya, both invaded Egypt, both were overcome by the Egyptian Hercules & therefore lived at the same time, & {illeg} even the name Atlantes \Atl-antes/ & by contraction Atlas seems to be compounded of Antæus.

I|O|n the \old/ coyns of Tarentum, a \seaport/ town of on the south side end of Italy Taras the son of Neptune (from whom the town had its name) is {illeg} stamped riding on a Dolphin & sometimes <238v> {has} a Trident in his hand.

In the \old/ coyns of Possidonium & some other towns of Italy Neptune vibrates his Trident as a weapon of war & {illeg} on those of Tarentum \a town/ on the south east corner of Italy Taras the son of Neptunes \(from whom the town had its name)/ rides on a Dolphin & vib is sometimes armed with a Trident & sometimes & in some coynes o coynes of Syracuse in Sicily there are Tritons with a Trident From whence \all wch & {illeg}/ I seem to gather that Neptune & his sons invaded those regions \by Sea,/ & that ye Trident was not ye \their common/ symbol of a single person but \as commanders at sea/ & signified their force & stren{illeg}|gth| in war, that is their fleet consisting of three Squadrons; a man wth a Trident in his hand being \in/ the old Egyptian \writing the/ Hieroglyphic of an Admiral wth his ffleet. ffor the Egyptians \writing/ in those days represented all things \was/ by Hieroglyphicks {illeg} \{illeg}/ {illeg}

In the story of Osiris & Isis Neptune their brother Typhon is put for Neptune

Neptune was ye same man wth Osiris & Isis Typhon the brother – – – – – Neptune to flight.

Neptune had also several \some/ other names \taken from his qualities/ but his proper names seems to have been Atlas. For Atlas was an Egyptian {illeg} – – \name/ to ye Ocean. ffor \all/ the Ocean was \anciently/ called Atlantic from \both at/ /from\ the mouth of ye Mediterranean to the mouth of ye red sea & beyond. And Homer tells us of an Island in the Ocean \wch was/ called the Atlantis & inhabited by Calypso the daughter of Atlas, & saith that Atlas Θαλάσσης πάσης βένθεα οἰδεν knows all the depths of the sea. So that in the opinion of Homer Atlas sailed wth his children into the great Ocean & was {illeg} \after his death/ bea{illeg}|c|ame {sic} a God of the Sea. Clemens Alexandrinus saith that Atlas was the first that built a ship & sailed upon the seas; he means the first that built a long ship with sails & commanded a fleet at sea. Some tell us that Phorcys who reigned over Sardinia & Corsica was overcome by Atlas in a Sea fight & drowned, & others that Sardus the son of Neptune carried a colony {illeg}\o/f{illeg} Libya{illeg}\ns/ into Sardinia. And no doubt that invasion of Sardinia \colony/ was occasioned by the victory of Atlas. Homer saith (Odys. 1. v. 70) that Neptune begat Polyphemus of Theosa the daughter of Phorcys.

<239r>

– – – At that time Artaxerxes Ochus carried away all the records of the Egyptians, & Manetho about 80 years after wrote his history of the kings of Egypt, wch has since been altered by Africanus. And therefore I have relied more upon the account wch Herodotus received from the records themselves kept in the Temples of Egypt & recited to him by the Priests an hundred years before those records were carried away by Ochus.

Concerning the Dynasties of Manetho it may be observed first that there is nothing in them wch appears to be so old as Moses.

The first & second Dynasties – – – so that they were the same king.

It may be further observed that these Dynasties are set together in wrong order of time. The 15th 16th & 17th Dynasties are of the shepherds & {illeg} so should have been set down in the first place |before the |12| \13 &/ 14th Dynasty|s| wch are of the kings of Diospolis wch succeeded them or Thebes & these Dynasties should have been set down before the 3d 4th & 6t Dynasties wch are of the kings of Memphys. For Thebes flourished in reined in was in its prime in Homers days & Memphis was not then grown up till afterwards|. The 18th & 19th contein a repetition of some of the kings are of the kings wch The 18th, 19th, 11th & 12th are of the kings wch expelled them & reigned at Thebes & therefore should have been set down in the next place. The 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, 6th, 7th & 8th were intended to contein the kings wch reigned afterwards at This & Memphys, beginning with Menes, & therefore should have been set after the kings of Thebes.

It is further to be observed that the kings are often set down in a wrong order & their names corrupted & repeated again & again & intermixed wth the names of other great men & weomen who were only the relations of kings or their viceroys or {illeg} secred|t|aries of state. So the 10th 11th & 12 Dynasties se have these kings of in order continuall order Ammenemes, Thu Gesongeses, Ammenemi filius, Ammanemes, qui a suis Eunuchis interfectus est, Sesostris qui Asiam totam subegit omnem intra annos novem una cum parte Europæ ad fines usqꝫ Thraciæ excitatis ubiqꝫ monumentis gentium a se devictarum, Lachares qui Labyrinthum in Arsenoithig|d|e Præfectura construxit in sepulturam suam, Ammeres, Ammenemes, Scemiophris ejus soror. ffor \But/ Gesongeses |&| Lachares are \here/ corruptly written for Sesonchoses & Mœris, & the first third & fourth kings are a repetition of the first & second & Scemiophris is to be omitted as being only the sister of a king & Ammeres & Amenomes the brother of Semiophris are to be set be may be also omitted untill it shall appear that as coming erroneusly after Mœris, & looking like a repetition of the first kings Ammenemes. And if these corrections be made the Dyna 11th & 12 Dynasties will be reduced to these kings Anemnon Amme|a|nemes or Ammon who was slain by his Eunuchs, Sesonchosis or Sesostris who conquered Asia & Mœris who made the Lake Labyrinth {illeg} upon the lake lakes of Mœris & the Labyrinth.

Again the 17th & 18th Dynasties as they are recited by Iosephus \& Africanus/ out of Manetho have these kings

1 Tethmoses \Amos or Amosis/ pastorum expulsor qui ab alijs

2 Chebron filius

3. Amenophis

4 Amesses ejus soror

5 Mephres mulier

6 Mephamuthosis

7 Thumosis or Thuthmosis

8 Amenophis or Memnon & lapis loquens

9 Orus ejus filius

10 Acencheres \or Acherres/ ejus filia

11 Ratho{illeg}|t|is ejus frater

12 Acencheres or Chebres

13 Acencheres \or/ Acherres

14 Armais qui et {sic} Danaus

15 Armesses or Ramesses

16 Armessesmianum

17 Amenophis or Ammenoph.

18 Sethosis called also Ramesses \& Ægyptus/ who having forces by sea & land left his brother Armais \or Danaus/ governour of Egypt while he invaded {illeg} Asia.

19 Rapsaces

20 Ammenophthes

22|1| Ramesis

23|2| Ammenemes

23 Thuoris.

In this list of the kings if the weomen Amesses, Mephres & Acencheres, & Rothotis the brother of Acencheres & Armais the viceroy Armais be omitted

<239v>

In this list of 27 kings, Mephramuthosis who began to drive out the shepherds & so should have been set in the first place, is set in the sixt. His successor Tethmosis or Amosis who drave them out & should have been set in the second place is set in the first place & again in the seventh. Amenomes or Ammon the who reigned next is in ye 22th place, Sethoses who reigned next is in ye 18th place. Orus is in the 9th & Amenophis or Memnon in the 3d 8th 17th & 20th place. Rapsaces or Rameses in the 15th 19th & 21th place. & so And some weomen & a brother of one of ye weomen, & \Armais/ a viceroy who should not hve been interted {sic} among the kings are in ye 4th, 5t, 10, 11th place. And besides \amongst/ these kings there are some other {illeg} who do \persons/ inserted who were not kings as Amesses, Mephres & Acherres three weomen in ye 4th 5t & 10th place |&| Rathotis a brother of one of the weomen in ye 4th 5t 10th & 11th place, Armais a Viceroy in ye 14th place \in the 14th place/ & Thuoris \another viceroy/ the husband of Alcandra who received Menelaus & & by consequence \was/ another viceroy in the 23th place. Acencheres \& Chebros or Chebyres corruptly written for/ Acherres, Chebres, & Chebros in \in the 10th 12th & 13th place/ are the same name varied by corruption \& this name in ye 10th place is the name of a woman/ & Chebros in ye 2d place seems \may/ to be the same name wth Chebres in ye 12th. & Let these names be rejected & there will remain the \following/ Kings. Tethmosis, Mephramuthosis, Tethmosis, Amenophis or Memnon, Orus, Rameses, Armesses Mianum, Amenophis, Sethosis or Ramesses, Rapsaces, Arsenophes, Ramesis, \&/ Amenemes: wch being set in due order without repetitions become Mephramuthosis, Thethmosis, Amenemes, Sethosis \or Ramesses/ And Orus, Amenophis, R\h/apsaces. or the And these are the kings of Thebes Egypt who reigned next after the Shepherds as above.

|So| Again {sic} in the 3d 4th & 6th Dynasties of Manetho conteing {sic} the kings of Memphis, the kings of have several repetitions & some kings as Mesochris or Sesoschris who reigned at Thebes & the names seem to be much corrupted, as by writg {sic} Tyris \& Soris/ for M{illeg}\œ/ris, Mesochris for Sesochris, \Charpheres/ Mencheres (or I & Bicheres for Mycerinus, Suphis Soiphis, Siphuris, Suphis Phius, Phiops, Methu-Suphis for him|that| \king/ whom Herodotus calls Cheops. Methu-Sup as & Mente Suphis for Micerinus \Mente-Suphis for Methu-Suphis/. And if these corrections be made & the repetitions neglected, these dynasties will contein \only/ those kings Nicherophes \or Vchoreus/, Mœris, Cheops, Cephren, Mycerinus \Methu-Suphis/, Nitocris, & some others of whose credit I am uncertain.

The s|f|ix|f|t Dynasty of Manetho conteins the \nine/ kings of Elephantine a city of Ethiopia above Egypt, but when they reigned is uncer The f \whether in the time of the shepherds, or afterwards in the time of Psammiticus & his successors is/ uncertain.

The first & second Dynasties conteins \a list of/ the kings of the City This It begins wth Menes & is but conteins some older kings as \conteins also/ Sesochris an older king & may contein some kings still older who perhaps reigned in This when ye Shepherds reigned in the lower Egypt For their names \of these kings/ differ \so/ very much from the {illeg} \names of the/ kings in the other dynasties of Thebes & Memphis that they seem to be kings of some other kingdome, & by con by consequen & by consequence to have reigned in This over part of the upper Egypt before all Egypt was reduced to a monarchy. This was \an old city/ upon the western side of the Nile ab neare Abydus in the lower part of Thebais, & gave its name to the Nomus Thinites being the metropolis thereof. And it seems to me that all the ancient great cities of Egypt grew great at first by being the seats of kingdoms before untill they conquered one another & united und into one monarchy in the days of Eli Samuel & David.

The fift Dynasty of Manetho conteins nine kings of Elephantine a city of Ethiopia above Ægypt: but whether\n/ they reigned or by {illeg} province of Elephantine in the days of the Shepherds \or of what/ /& in what order\ \& over what territories/ is uncertain. Some of them might reign in the time of the shepherds \before Sesostris conquered Ethiopia/. The 3d 4th & 5t of them vizt Nephere-Cheres, Sisiris & Cheres seem to {be} the same with the three last kings of This viz Nephere-Cheres Sesochris & Cheneres the three last kings of This.

<240r>

The Priests of Egypt to create in the people a veneration of their Gods, amde their reigns \of those Gods/ very lo{illeg}ng & very ancient & separated them from the history of the deified men as if the God Osiris & the man Sesostris had been different kings the God Neptune & the man \Sesack or Sesostris/ the Dæmon Typhon & the man The Goddess Minerva & the w, the Dæmon Typhon & the man Antæus &c \had/ were|been| different persons. And making \the Gods/ Osiris Isis & Typhon {illeg} & Orus & some thousands of years older then Seack Sesostris {illeg} they have filled up the intermediate time with above three hundred {illeg} empty names of kings even before \the days of Herodotus/ & placed Menes at the head of them. And this they did But And But Dicæarchus me the scholar of Aristotel, tells us that Sesostris reigned next after Osiris Isis & Orus & we have proved that he was Osiris himself, & by consequence that between the reign of Osiris for the reign of Menes & all his between the reign of the Gods of Egypt & the reigne of Sabacon the Ethiopian there are scarce above {illeg} 200 years for the reign of Menes \there is no room for the reign of /Menes\ & his 470 {illeg} all his successors/ in the first 24 Dynasties of Manetho there is there is not room for the reign of Menes & his 400 successors in the Dynas first 24 Dynasties of Africanus Manetho, there being but 200 years in that interval.

<242r>

The Introduction. Of the times before the Assyrian Empire

Idolatry had its rise from worshipping ye founders of Cities kingdoms & Empires, & began in Chaldea a little before the days of Abraham, most probably by ye worship of Nimrod \the founder of several great cities/. Till Abrahams days the worship of the true God propagated down from Noah to his posterity continued in Canaan as is manifest by the instance of Melchizedeck but in a little time they \Canaanites/ began to imitate the Chaldees in worshipping the founders of their dominions, calling them Baalim {illeg} & Mel{illeg}chom \& Asteroth/ Lords & Kings & Queens, & sacrificing to them upon their gravestones & in their sepulchres & directing their worship to their statues as their representatives, & instituting colleges of Priests with sacred rites to perpetuate their worship.

When David a[226] smote Hadad-ezer king of Zobah & slew the Syrians of Damascus who came to assist him, Rezon fled from his lord Hadad-ezer & gathering a band of men became their captain & reigned in Damascus over Syria. He is called Hezion 1 King 15.18, & his successors were Tabrimon Hadad or Benhadad, Hazael, Ben-hadad, *, *, Rezen. In the reign of the last Rezen Tiglathpulaser captivated the Syrians & put an end to their kingdom. Iosephus tells us [227]that the Syrians till his days worshipped both Adar (that is Adad or Benadad) & his successor Hazael as Gods for their benefactions & for building Temples by wch they adorned the city Damascus. For, saith he, they daily celebrate solemnities in honour of these kings & boast their antiquity not knowing that they were novel & lived not above eleven hundred years ago. Iustin[228] calls the first of these kings Damascus, saying that the city had its name from him & that in honour of him the Syrians worshipped his wife Arathes as a Goddess using her sepulchre for a Temple. And from hence its manifest that the eastern nations continued to deify their \victorious/ kings till after the death of Hazael, that is till the reigns of Amaziah & Soas kings of Israel & Iudah, who began their reigns an hundred & forty years after the death of Solomon.

\In the reign of Minos king of Crete/ When {sic} Rhadamanthus the brother of Minos carried colonies from Crete to the Greek islands \& gave the islands to his captains/ he gave Lemnos to Thoas \or Thias or Theantes/ the father of Hypsipyle a Cretan worker in metals. & {illeg} Thoas married Callycopis the mother of Æneas & daughter of Otreus & king of Phrygia, & for his skill on ye harp was by the Greeks called Cynyras \& said to be beloved of Apollo/. Sesostris \loved his son &/ made him king of Cyprus & Byblus, & there he reigned till the times of the Trojan war, living to a \very/ great age & becoming exceeding rich & after the death of his wife he built a temples to her at Paphos in Cyprus & at Byblus \in Syria/ & instituted {illeg} priests {illeg} to her wth sacred rites \& lustful orgia/: whence she became the Dea Cypria & Dea Syria. And from temples erected to her in several places she was \also/ called Cytharea, Amathusia, \Paphia/ Byblia, Salaminia, Gnydia, Erycina, Idalia. Fama tradit a Cy|i|nyra consecratum vetustissimum Paphiæ templum Veneris templum, deamqꝫ ipsam conceptam mari huc appulsam. Teut. Hist. 2. p. 338. From her sailing from Phrygia \to the island Cythara & thence/ to be Queen of Cyprus she was said to be born of the froth of the sea \& is painted sailing on a shell/. Cy|i|nyras deified also his son Gingris by the name of Adonis & perhaps was himself deified by \his friends/ the |Egyptians by ye| names of {illeg} & Baal Canaan[229] & Vulcan. |ffor Vulcan was most celebrated in ffor Vulcan \Egypt/ as a king according to Homer the first king of Lemnus & Cyprus.| And these are further instances of the ancient practices of deifying men & weomen in Syria till after the days o \the/ times of the Trojan war or longer. After wch manner

⊡ For they \some of them/ fled as far as Afric & there erected pillars with this inscription: We are Canaanites & flee from the face of Ioshua the robber the son of Nun: some of wch pillars remained there till the days of Procopius[230]

The lower part of Egypt \called in scripture Misraim,/ being yearly overflowed by the Nile was scarce inhabited before the invention of corn wch made it usefull. And the king who by this invention first peopled it & reigned over it \& taught his people the use of Oxen/, (perhaps the king of Heliopolis \or the king of old Mesir where Memphis was afterwards built, or both/) seems to have been worshipped in the Ox by his subjects after his death. And this I take to be the state of the lower part of Egypt till the days of Moses shepherds or Phenicians who fled from Ioshua conquered it While they reigned in Egypt there \in Egypt/, the upper part of Egypt called \in scripture/ the land of Pathros was under other kings, reigning perhaps at Coptos & Thebes & This, & Elephantis & \{sic} Heracleopolis & the/ other \greater/ cities \of Pathros/ till they conquered one another. ffor cities \grew/ great \in those days/ by being the seats of kings. <242v> At length Cophtites growing potent & becoming lords of the upper parts \Kings of Thebais & other parts of Egypt/ of Egypt {sic}, came down upon the shepherds, & after a lasting war drove them out & \the Cophtites prevailing over the other kings/ placed their royal seat at Thebes \& gave their name to all Egypt/. These conquerors worshipped not the kings of the conquered nations, but the founders of their own new Empire beginning the reign of their kings with the reign of their Gods & Heroes. Whence Ammon, Osiris, Isis, Orus, Bubaste & their Secretary Thoth & Admiral {sic} General Hercules & Admiral \Iapetus or/ Neptune were Kophtites & reigned aft flourished after the expulsion of the Shepherds. ffor Osiris & Isis built Thebes \more sumptuously/ & reigned over all Egypt including Thebais, wch cannot be said of any kings \of Egypt/ before the expulsion of the Shepherds. And Osiris was also a very great conqueror of forreign nations, & therefore not older then Sesak.

The kings of the Cophtites \or Egyptians/ when they drave the sph|he|pherds out of the lower Egypt were Mephramuthosis & Amosis. And many of these Shepherds returned \from Egypt/ into Phœnicia & assisted \whereby the army of/ the Philistims in their wars against Israel in the days of Ely & Samuel \Saul/ & David \became exceeding numerous,/ & others fled as far as Asia minor & Greece \& others went westward into Libya/. And when Saul & David conquered the Philistims Moabites, Ammonites, Edomites & Syrians, many of them fled by sea with Cadmus & other Captains to Asia minor, Greece & Libya & taught the people of O {Asia} & Grece|ks| to worship their dead Heroes. For the Gods |& carried along with them their letters & arts & musick & poetry & the digging excocting & manuafacturing of metals & making of edged tools & taught th armour \& Charriots,/ & taught the Greeks \horsmanship &/ to build houses & town {sic} & ships & temples & to worship their dead Heroes. For the Gods of| of {sic} Greece lived between the times of Cadmus & the Argonautic expedition; the \Curetes &/ Idæi Dactyli & Telchines \& Curetes/ & Corybantes & other \Phœnician/ Priests & Princes, of & the Egyptians whom Sesot|s|tris left in Thrace, introducing this worship. \The Egyptians also taught them/ The Chronology of the Greeks makes these things older but then the days of David. & Solomon But this chronology was framed after the days of Alexander the Great by putting the reigns of kings for generations & recconing 30 or 40 years to a generation: whereas kings reign one wth another but about 18 or 20 years a piece. |If their chronology be corrected \of the Greeks be corrected/ by the course of nature, the expedition of Sesostris wch was one generation older then the Argonautic expedition, will fall in wth that of Sesak.|

When the Phenicians fled with Cadmus & his Sister Europa & carried letters & arts & sciences into \Crete &/ Greece, some of the Edomites seem to have fled from David by the red sea {&} \fled from David into Egypt & others seem to have fled from him by the red of seas s far as/ the Persian gulf & carried arts & sciences into Chaldea. ffor Berosus tells us that when |& to have carried their letters & arts ~ to the places whether they fled. ffor Letters came into Egypt about that time into Egypt & Berosus tells us that| the Chaldeans between Tigris & Euphrates were \at first/ rude & lived like beasts brutes wthout laws, \& fed on roots & the spontaneus fruits of the earth till/ one Oannes came thither by \from/ ye red sea & taught them arts & letters & arts \& geometry & geometry/ & how to live according \together in cities & make/ laws & that h build houses & temples: & that his shap statue remained there till his days being shaped wth the head & arms |& to sow & reap & that he had a double {shape} with a humane voice & yt his statue remained in Chaldea till his days having a head| & leggs of \a/ man but wth \{illeg}/ a \& also a head with the &/ taile of a fish. ffor so it seems they painted a seaman.

After Amosis reigned Am\m/enemes or Ammon \over Egypt/. He subdued Arabia & all Ammonia including Libya \a[231] calling it Ammonia/ & laid the foundation of the empire of Egypt. In his days the Egyptians invented long ships with sails & began to study Astronomy wthin for {illeg} \for enabling them to sail by ye stars/ without sight of the stars shore \being perhaps assisted in these things by the Edomites who were skilled in navigation upon ye red sea/. He prepared a fleet of such ships upon the red sea & another upon the mediterranean on the coast of Libya where there were convenient sea-ports & timber for shipping. \I think in Greece at Irasa the city of Antæus./ He reigned at Thebes from him called No-Ammon, the city of Ammon & upon his death had Temples erected to him with Oracles in them at Thebes & in Ammonia. And these are the oldest Oracles mentioned in history, the Greeks therein imitating the Egyptians. By the extent of his worship may be conjectured the extent of his dominion.

Quamvis Æthiopum populis Arabumqꝫ beatis

Gentibus atqꝫ Iudis unus sit Iupiter Ammon

His son Sesak (called by the Greeks {Seso}nchis Sesonchosis, Sesoncosis Sasyches, Sethosis, Sethosis, Sesochris, Ses{illeg} Sesostris) first warred under his father being the Hercules {or H}ero of the Egyptians during his fathers reign & afterwards their king. He extended the Empire of Egypt over all Ethiopia & Troglodytica & invaded the coasts of the mediterranean & Thrace & all Asia as far as India. He set up pillars in all his conquests. \/ A After his wars he carried back into Egypt many captives whom he imployed in digging channels from the Nile to the \capital/ cities of {illeg} the Nomes of Egypt \below Memphis/ & raising the cities higher wth the earth dug out of the channels & building their Temples anew. These Temples wth the cities were named after the great men of Egypt afterwards deified & had Oracles in them. Lucian upon viewing them recconed them as old as the Temples of Phœcia {sic} built by Cy|i|nyras & older then the Temples of ye Assyrians And hence it came to pass that the cities of Egypt

<243r>

The Introduction.

Idolatry had its rise from the worship of Conquerors & the founders of kingdoms, And the began a little \in Chaldea/ a little before d|t|he days of Abraham \& that/ most probably by the worship of Nimrod \under the name of Baal wch signifies {illeg} Lord/. Till /Abrahams\ days the worship of the true God continued in Canaan, as appears by the instace of Melchizedeck, but in a little time every City began to worship the founder of its power \dominion/ |calling him Baal or Moloch that is Lord or king & if they worshipped more kings then one they called them Baalim or Melcom Gods or Lords or Gods, & their Queens Asteroth &| The lower part of Egypt being yearly overflowed by the Nile was scarce inhabited before the invention of corn wch made it useful. & the king who by this improvement first reigned over it seems to have been worshipped in the O {illeg} Ox by The custome of worshipping \deifying/ kings was propagated \also/ from these regions into Ethiopia Afric & Europe. But the reign of the the \first/ inhabitants. When When David But these inhabitants (called Mizraim in Scripture) being first conquered first by the shepherds & then by the Kophtites or inhabitants of Thebais the Thebans worshipped the founders of their new empire, beginning the reign of their kings wth the reign of the Gods, & recconing Menes their first king who was not defied {sic}.

. . . . . . . Queens Ashteroth. And when David smote Haddad-Ezer king of Zobah . . . . using her sepulchre for a temple.

The lower part of Egypt being yearly overflowed by the Nile was sarce {sic} inhabited before the invention of Corn wch made it usefull, & the king who by this improvement first peopled \peopled it &/ reigned over it seems to have been worshipped in the Ox by the first inhabitants \called in scripture Misraim/ But these inhabit called Misraim in scripture, \But these inhabitants,/ being conquered first by the shepherds \or Phenicians who fled from Ioshua & afterwards/ & then by the Kophtites or \old/ inhabitants of Thebais \called Ægyptians by the Greeks/, the Thebans \Kophtites/ worshipped not the kings of the conquered nations but the founders of their \own/ new Empire beginning the reign of their kings wth the reign of their|se| Gods. \Whence Ammon, Osiris Isis & Orus {illeg} /Bubaste were Koptites & reigned {illeg}\ reigned after the expulsion of the Shepherds./ [& recconing {Menes} their first king whom they did not deify {illeg}] |Whence Ammon, Osiris Isis, Orus Bubaste & their secretary Thoth \& admiral Neptune/ were Kophtites & reigned after ye expulsion of the Shepherds. ffor Osiris & Isis built Thebes & reigned over all Egypt including Thebais: wch cannot be said of any kings of Egypt before the expulsion of the Shepherds, & Osiris was also a very great conqueror of foreign nations|

When the {illeg} Shepherds fled from the conquering Thebans, many of them returned into Phenicia & assisted the Philistims against Israel & some fled as far as Greece Asia Minor & Greece. And when Saul & David conquered the Canaanites Philistims \Moabites/ & Ammonites & Edomites & Syrians \& Amalek/ many of them fled by sea \with Cadmus & other captains/ to Libya & Asia minor & Greece /& Libya\ & taught the people of Asia & Greece to worship their \dead/ Heroes. This was in the days of Cadmus & his sister Europa For the Gods of Greece lived between the days of Cadmus & the Argonautick expedition, the Idæi Dactyli & Telchines & other Phœnician Priests introducing this worship \& Princes/ & the Egyptians who accompanied Sesostris \& were left by him in Thrace/ introducing this worship. The Chronology of the Greeks makes these things ancienter then the days of David. But this Chronology was framed after the days of Alexander ye great by putting the reigns of kings for generations & recconing 30 or 40 years to a generation whereas kings reign one wth another but about 18 or 20 years a piece at a medium. {illeg}

The Thebans drove ye shepherds out of Egypt in the reign of Miphramuthosis & Amosis their kings & in the reign of Amenemes or Ammon \{illeg}/ their next king subdued {illeg} \Arabia &/ all Ammonia from him called {illeg} including Libya \& laid the foundation of the Empire of Egypt./ &|H|e reigned at Thebes from him called No-Ammon & upon his death had \Temples &/ Oracles dedicated to him at Thebes \there/ & in Ammonia & these are the oldest Oracles mentioned in history, the Greek's imitating the Egyptians in these cheats \pious frauds/. By the extent of his worship may be recconed the extent of his dominion.

Quamvis Æthiopum populis Arabumqꝫ beatis

Gentibus atqꝫ Iudis unus sit Iupiter Ammon

He seems to have learn navigation from the Edomites who fled from D

The Edomites who In his days the Egyptians invented long ships wth sails & began to study Astronomy for sailing without sight of the shore, ffor till then they used & prepared a fleet of such ships upon \in/ ye red sea & another \in the mediterranean/ upon the coast of Libya where there \were/ convenient \sea/ ports & timber for shipping. And in the reign of his son Sesack called by the Greeks Sesonchis, Sesonchosis \Sesongosis/, Sesyches, Sesochris, Sethos, Sethosis & Sesostris, the Egyptians \Thebans/ extended their Empire over all Ethiopia & Troglodytica & invaded all the c\o/asts of the Mediterranean & Thrace & all Asia as far as India. He set up pillars in all his conquests & first warred under his father being the Hercules or Hero of the Egyptians \Thebans/ during his fathers reign, & after his own death their Osiris, & the Bacchus of the Arabians & Indians & Mars of ye Thracians. He \And/ After \He set up pillars in all his conquests, & after/ his wars he carried back into Egypt many captives whom he employed in digging chanels from ye Nile to ye cities of Egypt & building their Temples anew. \/ < insertion from the left margin of f 243r > These Temples Lucian upon view recconed \as/ older then \as/ the Temples of the Phenicians & older then the Temples of the Assyrians. < text from f 243r resumes > He set up pillars in all his conquest & \Sesostris/ warred first under his father being the Hercules or Hero of the Thebans during his fathers reign & after his own reign reign becoming their Osiris \& the Bacchus of the Arabians & Mars of the Thracians/. But upo soon after his death the Empire of the Thebans brake in pieces & the Ethiopians revolting subdued Ægypt & Libya & under Zerah their king came out with a great army to pursue their conquests but were beaten by Asa, & the people of ye lower Egypt call revolting|ed| under Osarsiphus Priest of Heliopolis, & called in the Iews. But Amenoph (called Amenophis & Memnon by the Greeks) <243v> after enter a few years drave them out again, & this is by Manetho called the second expulsion of the Shepherds.

Amenoph built Memphys from him called Menoph & by contraction Moph & Noph, & there founded the magnificent temple of Vulcan & his successors Rhampses Mœris Asychis & Psammiticus built the western northern eastern & southern Porticos thereof. The Egyptian Priests say that Menes who reigned next after the Gods built Memphys & the Temples \of Vulcan./ And thence I seem to gather that Menes was Menoph or Amenoph \& not an older king/. ffor Ps{illeg}ammiticus \who built the last Portico of this Temple/ reigned {illeg} three hundred years after the victory of Asa over Zerah & it is not likely that this Temple could be above two or thre hundred years in building.

In the reign of Asychis or soon after the kingdom of Egypt brake into three or four kingdoms. At Memphis reigned Gnephactus & his Son Bocchoris At Sais reig reigned successively at Memphys, Stephanates Nicepsos & Nechus successively at Sais, & Anysis & some others in other places And in the time of these kingdoms, Ægypt was again subdued by the Ethiopians under Sabacon who slew Bocharis & Nechus & made Anysis fly. About that time some Egyptians fleeing to Babylon carried thither the year of Egypt & the study of Astronomy & Astrology wch gave occasion to the Æra of Nabonassar. Sabacon was succeed {sic} by So or Sua & he by Tirhaka or Tearco & he by Merres or Ammeres the last Ethiopian king of Egypt. Then the Assyrians conquered Egypt & reigned over it about two years & left it divided into 12 kingdoms wch stood about 15 years & then were conquered by Psamiticus.

The kingdom of Nimrod was {illeg} more famous for its antiquity then for its greatness. Whether he reigned After That of David was considerable in those days. That of Egypt \seated at Thebes/ was the first great Empire, but of \very/ short continuance, That o the Princes of Sesack upon his death falling into civil wars & sharing his dominions amongst them. \This was about the time of the Argonautic expedition. the ship/ And the next Empire of moment was the Assyrian. Thebes the seat of the Assyrian Of the Assyrian empire Egyptian Empire was famous in Homers days. Memphys & ye Pyramids & Assy & Labyrinth & lake her wonders are m \& Nineve/ & the Assyrian empire are not mentioned by him & therefore rose up later.

<241r>

Ægyptij dicunt Sesostridem a Mercurio solertiam et consilia didicisse. Ælian. var. hist. Lib XII. c. IV.

The Belus of the Egyptians was Iupiter Hammon he of v

Till the days of this Belus the people of Libya Africa \whom he conquered/ used clubs. So Pliny: Prælium Afri primum fuere contra Ægyptios fustibus quos vocant Phalangas. And Higynus: Afri et Ægyptij primum fustibus dimicaverunt, postea Belus Neptuni filius gladio belligeratus est a quo bellum dilatum. The like is to be understood of ye {Grecians} Europeans \& people of Asia Minor & {Armenia}/. Before the Idæi Dactyli found out Iron in Crete, the Europeans \ffirst/ Cadmus \{illeg}/ found out copper \in Boetotia/ & the Idæi Dactyli \found out/ iron in Crete \in the days of Minos/ & before the invention of these things the Europeans had no swords. But Bacchus who invaded them had armour made by Vulcan, & this facilated {sic} his conquests. He was therefore the Belus {illeg} who {illeg} \wth swords & speres invaded & easily conquered/ the unarmed nations, wth {illeg} |is| the great Iupiter Belus for whom the Cyclopes \of the east for whom Vulcan & his workmen/ made thunderbolts, that is weapons of war, And accordingly |w|he|o| is painted wth a thunderbolt in one hand to express ye sublimity of his dominion \his being a warrior/ & a scepter in ye other to express his being a king & rides on an eagle to represent the sublimity of his dominion. Babylonia was inhabited by Arabians & their great God was P

These Idæi Dactyli came from Phrygia into Thrace according to the marble were contemporary to Minos. They came with Minos from Prygia Clemens Alex. tells us that they were \reputed the first/ wise men & {illeg} Phrygians & Barbarians & found out the Ephesian letters, & numbers \Rhymes/ in Music, whence they were called Dactyli \the Musitian/ Musitians called they {sic} Dactyli. He places them between the inundation of Deucalion & ye expedition of Perseus. And Lao They used to dance in armour shaking their heads & {sic} striking upon brass keeping {illeg} time bra striking \brass/ upon brass to keep time in harmony. Solinus Polyistor c XI tells {illeg} us: Studium musicum inde cœptum cum Idæi Dactyli modulos crepitu & tinnitu æris deprehensos in versificum ordinem transtulissent. By all wch they lived about ye time that Bacchus invaded Europe & {illeg} brought music \& poetry/ into Europe \& derived their wisdom & skill from Egypt/. About the same time the people of Lemnos \people/ began to make armour \in Lemnos under ye managemt of an Artificer/, And Prometheus the brother of who \was contemporary to Osiris &/ reigned {illeg} over a colony of Egyptians at mount Caucasus, taught the people there Astronomy & letters & to build houses in ye room of caves & dens in wch they lived before & to yoke oxen & joyne horses draw chariots wth horses & to saile in ships upon ye Euxine sea & to dig & work iron & brass & silver & gold \out of the earth/, & work them in ye fire as Æschylus describes. So also the people of Libya were without weapons of iron till the Egyptians invaded them. ffor Pliny tells us: Afri et Ægyptij Prælium Afri primum fecere contra Ægypti fustibus quos vocant Phalangas And Higynus: Afri et Ægyptij primum fustibus dimicaverunt, postea Belus Neptuni filius gladio belligeratus est a quo bellum dictum. They \{illeg}/ Belus \the so/ therefore was that conqueror who with swords & speares invaded the unarmed nations & by that means carried his conquests over the will world, And by Iupiter Belus of the East the Gold of ye Chaldeans for whom Vulcan & his workmen made thunderbolts that is weapons of war, & who is figured wth a thunderbold in one hand to represent him a warrior & a scepter in ye other to represent him a king & rides on an eagle to represent the sublimity of his dominion. He was feigned to be the son of Neptune & Libya to signify his valour & that he began {illeg} his came from Libya to conquer the east. And to this Iupiter |Iupiter Belus| was the famous temple erected at Babylon by the Chald.

[Editorial Note 87]

When Bacchus invaded the nations he found them without weapons swords & other weapons of iron, wch make {sic} his conquests easy. In Europe Cadmus first found out brass \in Bœotia/ & then the Idæi Dactyli found out iron in Crete in the mountain Ida from {illeg} whence they were called Idæi. \According to/ The {sic} Marble {makes} \they {find}/ them|y| \were/ contemporary to Minos. Clemens –

He was a[232] contemporary to Ægialeus the first king of the Sicyonij, being b[233] his brother, & is accounted a c[234] the first man & c[235] {of} the father of mankind {illeg} \that is/ after the flood of Ogyges, & Greece d[236] knows nothing ancienter then \this flood &/ Inachus & this flood, {illeg} /Phoreus &\ \{sic} this flood/ & therefore we may reccon that there is –

<241v>

Africanus has given us a list of seven kings of ye Chaldees ancienter then reigning in Babylonia before the æra of Nabonasser the first of wch is Euechus This name differs so little from Bacchus that I suspect these kings reigned there in a colony placed there by him. ffor Bacchus left colonies in several places to secure his conquests & govern his conquests. The|i|se {illeg}|D|ynasty of seven kings being extinguisht by the Arabians, was succeeded by a Dynasty of six Arabian kings reigning \also/ in Babylonia, the last of wch being conquered, {illeg} Belus in ye 27th year of his reign united the kingdom of the As Babylonians to that of the Assyrians an {sic} {illeg} \This Africanus tells us (if I mistake not) from {Berosus}./ If {illeg} this \Assyrian/ Belus was {Pul who conquering ye who by conquering} |that {illeg} king who conquered Babylonia was that king the father of Ninus, {illeg}|&| {illeg} was that king who by conquering| his neighbours began led |to| \erect/ the Assyrian Empire \that is he who that {illeg} in {Scripture} is called Pul. And thus/ there will be about 220 years from ye 5t or 6 year of Rehoboam when Bacchus invaded Asia to ye 26 year of Belus; wch \interval/ is a reasonable length of time for the reign of these 13 kings. For allowing them one wth another a reign of 17 years a piece their whole reign will amout {sic} to 221 years.

Bishop Vsser takes \this/ Euechus to be the great God Bel of the Babylonians mentioned in the old Prophets. & not without reason. ffor \For {sic} Babylonia was inhabited by Arabians & the great God of the Arabians was Bacchus/ Diodorus tells us that the Egyptians report that many colonies were sent out of Egypt were disperst over all parts of ye world & that Belus led a colony into ye Province of Babylon & fixing his seat at ye river Euphrates consecrated Priests & according to ye custome of ye Egyptians freed them from all public taxes & impositions. These Priests the Babylonians call Chaldeans who observe the motions of the stars in imitation of ye Priests Naturalists & Astrologers of Egypt. {illeg} < insertion from the left margin of f 241v > By his being the founder of Astronomy, carrying \he lived in ye {illeg} age of Ammon and his sons {and was sent & his being sent wth}/ a colony of Egyptians to Babylon, freeing the Priests from taxes & forming their government after the manner of Egypt, its plain that he was a king of Egypt who conquered reigned when Astronomy began & conquered \{illeg}/ /& reigned ove\ Babylonia & therefore he can be no other then Bacchus \was a Province of his kingdom/ all wch is the character of Bacchus < text from f 241v resumes > It was by the reign \conquests/ of Sesostris \Bacchus/ that ye Egyptians sent many colonies \colonies of Egyptians were sent/ into all parts of ye world, some into Libya, some into Greece, some to \Sidonia/ Colchos, Thermadoon & Caucasus, \&/ one or more into ye Indies, & one at last to Babylon & among these many colonies Diodorus here reccons a colony carried to Babylon from Egypt \of Egyptians carried/ to Babylon by Belus, putting Belus for Bacchus [Baal or Bel wch signifies Lord was a common name given to m in the east to man deified kings \as Iupiter was in Greece/ & several \Cities &/ kingdoms had their several Baals, the Assyrians \Nineve/ had one Belal \Baal/ Babylonians another, Tyre another, Eckron another, the Midianites another. And hence they were \are of often/ called Baalim in scripture.] ffor as Belus was the greatest God of ye Babylonians, They were Arabians & the greatest God of ye Arabians was Bacchus/ Babylonia therefore was twice conquered first by Belus an Egyptian in founding ye Monarchy of Egypt & then by Belus an Assyrian in founding the monarchy of Assyria. Of the \temple of the/ first Belus Strabo make {sic} this mention Durat adhuc ibi (Babylone) Iovis Beli templum: inventor hic fuit Sideralis scientiæ. And Stephanus: Babylon viri Babylonis opus antiquissimum, sapientissimi filij Beli, non ut Herodotus Semiramidis. Hac enim erat antiquior duo millia annorum, ut Herennius prodidit. Semiramis was contemporary to Ninus the son of ye Assyrian Belus: the first \Babylonian/ Belus who was much older, the interval being here magnifed to 2000 years. \This Belus was called Iupiter Belus the Egyptian Iupiter Hammon/ The The Egyptian T We have shewed that the Egyptian Belus or Iupiter was an {illeg} or Iupiter of ye Egyptians was Ammon the father of Bacchus &            tells us that the Iupiter or Belus of the Babylonians was one generation younger This Several Cities & nations had several Iupiters. Several This is the Iupiter Belus so much celebrated in ye East, the Iupiter who divided the world between himself & his brothers Neptune & Pluto, the Iupiter who rides on an eagle to express the sublimity of his dominion & carries a thunderbolt in his hand to express his power in making war. Of this B This Belus for his valour is called & conquest of |& conquering from| Libya \& beginning his conquests in Libya/ was called ye son of Neptune \& celebrated as the God of war/. & Libya So Hyginus: Afri et Ægyptij primū fustibus dimicaverunt postea Belus Neptuni [et Libyæ] filius gladio belligeratus est, unde bellum est dictum.[237] And \In conquering Libya they fought wth clubs. So Pliny/ Pliny {sic}: Prælium Afri primum fecere contra Ægyptios fustibus quos vocant Phalangas. This is that \warrior was conqueror semms to be/ the great Iupiter Belus of ye east who holds a scepter in one hand to express that he was a king, |&| a thunderbolt in the other to express his power in war, & rides on an Eagle to express the sublimity of his dominion.

<244r>

Manetho tells us that the Shepherds being expelled Egypt by by Misphragmuthosis & his son Amosis & their associates went wth their families & possessions to ye number of 240000 out of Egypt through the wildernes into Syria & seating themselves in Iudea built there a city wch might be sufficient for their number & called it Ierusalem. Here Manetho takes thes {sic} shepherds to be the Israelites who built Ierusalem, but he tells us that some took them for Arabians. Africanus speak tells us more truly that \speaking of t/ the first six kings of the Shepherds tells us more truly that they were Phenicians. Herodotus tel [l. 2. c. 112] tells us that a region in Memphys round the Temple of Proteus was inhabited by Tyrian Phenicians It And Manetho |[apud Pophyrium {sic} περὶ ἀποχης & Eusebium Præp l 4. c. 16. p. 155| that in Heliopolis they sacrificed three men dayly to Iuno till Amosis having taken that city from them abolished those sacrifices by substituting waxen images of men. By their religion you may know that they were Phen the people expelled by Amosis were Phenicians. Diodorus in his 40th book [apud Photium in Bibl.] saith that in Egypt there were formerly multitudes of Strangers of several nations who used forreign rites & ceremonies in worshipping the Gods, for wch they were expelled Egypt & under Danaus Cadmus & other skilfull commanders after great hardships came into Greece & other places but the greatest part of them came into Iudea not far from Egypt a country then uninhabited & desert, being conducted thither by one Moses a wise & valiant man who after he had possessed himself of the country, among other cities built Ierusalem. In relating these things the Egyptians & Greeks have confounded the history of the departure of Israel out of Egypt under the conduct of Moses with that of the expulsion of the Phenicians by Amosis & that of the expulsion of the Iews by Amenophis in the reign of Asa, {illeg} & by doing so have sometimes made Moses contemporary to Amosis & sometimes taken Osar{illeg}|s|iphus for Moses whereas Amosis was contempory {sic} to Samuel & Osarsiphus to Asa. If their narrations be freed from this mistake they will amount to this, that a little before the building of Ierusalem by David the shepherds were expelled Egypt by \Misphramuthosis &/ Amosis & the greatest part of them came into Phœicia & by consequence assisted the Philistims & Edomites against David Eli Samuel & David & some of them under the conduct of Lelex, Cecrops, Inachus, Poroneus {sic}, Phorbas Pelasgus, Deucalion, \Hellen, Æolus the father of Æthlius Ceres/ Cadmus, Erechtheus, /Phineus Membliarius Peteos,\ Asterius, \Cecrops Danaus/ & civilized the Greeks teaching them to leave of their way of living in caves & woods like wild beasts & to assemble & live together in towns & cities & to exercise manual arts & plow & sow & use letters \& to worship their dead kings & Heroes & erect Temples Statues & Oracles to them/. And these things were not so ancient by two or three hundred years as \they have been represented by/ the Greek Chronologers, who flo lived about 40 years after the reign of Alexander the great & formed the Chronology of the Greeks by the years of the Olympiads. have represented them

The same Chronologers \in adjusting the recconings different recconings of several writers/ have made two Minoses & two Ariadnes & two kings of Athens called Pandion & two other kings have of two names \instead of one &/ of two names of one king \of Athens/ called Erechthonius & Erechtheus \they/ have made two kings & of two other names of one king of Sicyon called Apis & Epopeus \they/ have |also| made two kings & between them have inserted 10 or 12 feigned names of kings assigning them names reigns of 40 or 50 years \a piece/ to make that kingdom ancient whereas I reccon it impossible to remember any thing done in Greece above an hundred years before the invention of letters. ‡ < insertion from f 245r > ‡ And Danaus the brother of Sesostris they have made 240 years older then the Argonautick expedition notwithstanding that the ship Argo was built by Argus the son of Danaus {illeg} after the pattern of the long ship in wch Danaus came wth his daughters into Greece & that Nauplius the Argonaut was the son of Amymone one of the daughters of Danaus, & that two of the daughters of Danaus married Archander & Archilites the sons of Achæus the son of Creusa the daughter of Erechtheus king of Athens, & so were three generations younger then Erechtheus, & that Æetes whom Sesostris left at Colchos reigned there till the {illeg} Argonautick expedition. < text from f 244r resumes > |In like manner they have made two kings of Inachus & Iasus by corrupting the name & two Ios one the daughter of Inachus, another the daughter of Iasus.| By the number of kings of Sparta Messene & Arcadia there could scarce be above 200 years between the return of the Heraclides into Peloponnesus & the end of the first Messenian |war| war there could scarce be above 200 years, but \these/ Chronologers have made this interval 380 years. In the 18th Olympiad the Quinquertium was restored & the Disk was one of the games of the Quinquertium & the name Lycurgus was upon the Disk & therefore he & his young pupil Charilaus lived at that time, but Chro the Chronologers make them almost 200 years older. Lycurgus (according to Athenæus l 14 p. 625) was {illeg} contemporary to {illeg} Terpander & that the Musitian & that Terpander was the first man who got the victory in the Carnea in a solemnity of music instituted in those festivals in the 26th Olympiad. Iphitus who restored the Olympic games was descended from Oxylus the son of Hæmon the son of Thoas the son of Andræmon. Hercules & Andæmon married two sisters, Thoas warred at Troy. Oxylus returned into Peloponnesus wth the Heraclides. Iphitus is by <244v> some recconed the son of Hæmon, by th others the son of Praxonidas the son of Hæmon. But Hæmon being the father of Iphitus Oxylus I would reccon Iphitus the son of Praxonidas the son of Oxylus the son of Hæmon. But the Chronologers make \place/ the return of the Heraclides into Peloponnesus 326 \years/ before the restauration of the Olympiads by Iphitus. According to m If Oxylus was two generations older then Iphi Hercules the Argonaut was one generation younger then Sesostris the brother of Danaus & the Hereclides returned into Peloponnesus four genera in the fourth generation after \from/ Hercules, & two generations more to I Iphitus, makes seven generations from Sesostris to Iphitus wch bein recconing about 28 or 30 years to a generation amounts to about 200 years. And so many yeres there were between the expedition of Sesak & the first Olympiad. And by Sesostris Osiris & B all these arguments Sesostris was contemporary to Sesak.

The Gr ancient Greeks in feigning that Io the sister or daughter of Inac Inachus \or as others say of Phoroneus/ went into Egypt & became the Egyptian Isis & that Apis the son of Phoroneus \after he had reigned in Greece/ became the \Egyptian/ Epaphus or Osiris shews that Osiris & Isis reigned in Egypt (according to the opinion of the ancient Greeks who made these fables) about two or three generations later then Inachus reigned in Greece & by consequence about two generations before the Argonautic expedition that they were contemporary to Sesostris & his Queen or not above one generation earlier & by the unanimous consent of all antiquity Osiris was the great Bacchus. |The Egyptians (as Diodorus C. 1. p. 14 relates) make Osiris contemporary to {illeg} Triptolemus & Lycurgus king of Thrace. And these two men lived but one or two generations before the Argonautic expedition, Lycurgus being contemporary to Tharops the grandfather of Orpheus.| Sesostris Osiris & Bacchus agree in all things \& therefore were one & the same king./ All three were kings of Egypt & great conquerors \& potent at sea & lived in the same age/. All three wer carried on their conquests through Persia as far as India. All three set up pillars where they conquered. \All three had an army of weomen as well as an army of men./ All three came over the Hellespont slew Lycurgus, conquered |into Thrace & were there in danger of losing their army. All three conquered| Thrace & there put a stop to their conquests \& returned back from thence into Egypt/. And their history agrees |also| with so much as we have of the history of Sesak \as is extant/. He came out of Egypt wth a very great army & God gave him the kingdoms of the earth 2 Chron 12.8. And \in/ those times till the victory of Asa over \Asa fortified Iudea & overcame Zerah/ Zerah {sic}, there was no peace to him that went out nor to him that came in but great vexations wer upon all the inhabitants of the countreys & nation was destroyed of nation & city of city for God did vex them with all adversity 2 Chron 15.5, 6 |Herodotus adds that where nations submitted wthout opposition Sesostris set up pillars wth the genitals of a woman & that there were such pillars in Iudea & the scriptures tell us that Iudea submitted to Sesak wthout opposition.| Well therefore did Iosephus {write} say that Herodotus had ascribed to Sesostris the actions of Sesak. And since they all reigned \{illeg}/ in the same age, they must |of necessity| be one & the same king ffor there is no other king of Egypt besides Sesak to wch the great actions of Sesostris Ba Osiris & Bacchus can agree.

Solon having travelled into Egypt . . . . . . . . . . in magnifying their antiquities.

And hence it is that they have made successive \the/ Dynasties of those kings who reigned at once in several parts of Egypt, have been added together as successive Dynasties of kings Monarchs of all Egypt; & that the Dynasties of kings reigning at Thebs {sic} & Memphys have been exceedingly corrupted, the name of one & the same kings by various corruptions being repeated again & again as the names of several kings, & some king Princes who reigned not being pl (as Thoth & Proteus) being recconed among the kings. {illeg} Which makes it impossible to give a true account of the ancient state of Egypt by the Dynasties of Manetho. Herodotus who lived before Darius Ochus carried away the Archives of Egypt has given a truer account of that kingdom, setting down the names of all the kings of Egypt from the days of Sesostris \&/ tho not in due order without erring only in this that he has \the order & the names & in/ made|king| two kings of Osiris & Sesostris & placin & \placing/ between them \after/ placed \after/ Menes & Myris & between Mænes & Mœris 320 or 3 330 successors the last of wch was Myris. Let <245r> Sesostris be joyned wth Osiris as one & the same king, & the kings between Menes & Myris \whom he names not/ be omitted as having done nothing memorable except Nictoris a Queen: & \then/ the kings who reig of Egypt \who reigned at Thebes & Memphis/ recited by Seso Herodotus \if Amon be prefixed/ will stand in this order, \Ammon/ Osiris or Sesostris, Menes, Nitocris Mœ|y|ris Rampsinitus Proteus Rhampsinitus Cheops, Chephren, Mycerim|n|us, Asychis, Anysis, Sabacus Æthiops. |But| Proteus seems to be|ha|ve been rather a governour of the lower parts of Egypt & of the off an Admiral of Egypt then a king. And Nitocris is said by Manetho to have built the third of the great Pyramids {sic} & then she must have reigned after Anysis Mycerinus who by began that third Pyramid & have been his sister. But it {had}|{is}| of no moment to insist upon these niceties |founded it. And this {is} the best account that I can meet with of these kings the ancient kings of Egypt, & seems to be sufficiently exact. For| In {sic} the dark ages wch preceded the Assyrian Monarchy it suffices to have laid down a general notion of ye state of the world without under{st}|t|aking to be exact in particulars.

And by Manetho 1 \Soiphis Siphuris, Suphis,/ Saophis, Apappus maximus, Phius, Phiops. 3 Cherpheres 3 Sen-Saophis, Mencheres, Mente-Suphis

<246r>

The Introduction

① The first recconing of time was by the lives of men or generations {illeg} {illeg}ment by the reigne \among the Greeks was by generations/ & reigns of kings, {The} & this recconing was used by the Greeks till the times of the Persian {illeg} Empire. In the latter times of that Empire & the beginning of the Empire of the Greeks, {illeg} \the/ Chronologers of & {into} the reign |{Whence} Herodotus reccons by {illeg} In the latter times of that Empire, & Chiefly after the death| of Alexander the great & his successors the Greeks began to turn|ed| genealogies into numbers of years recconing the reigns of kings {illeg} one with another for genealogies & \abou/ three genealogies to about an hundred years & by such recconings \they/ adjusted their ancient times to the Olympic years. But And by this means they have \about 30 or 40 years after the reign of {illeg} Alexander &/ |&| made the times before the Persian Empire much two {sic} ancient. For kings reign one with another but about 18 or 20 years apiece, \seldome above 24 years a piece in any kingdom or under 14/ whereas in the chronology of the Greeks \preceding the Persian Monarchy/ they reign \one with another/ about 3{illeg}|4| years a piece. Let the times between the return of the Heraclides into Peloponnesus & the invasion of Greece by Darius Hystaspis (whereby the Chronology of the Greeks was \began to be/ connected wth that of the Pesian Persians) & {illeg} be shortened in the proportion of about 19 to 34: & the return of the Heraclides \into Peloponnesus/ will be about the tenth year of Amaziah king of Iudah. And ⑤ Hercules the Argonaut was \flourished/ four generations earlier, wch recconing about 26 or 28 years to a generation by the eldest sons of a family amouts {sic} to about 110 years, & so places \by this recconing/ the Argonautick expedition |was \fell/| in the middle of the reign of Asa \about 40 years after the death of Solomon/, & the expedition of Sesostris wch in the \middle of the/ reign of Rehoboam. ffor the son Danaus the bro the expedition \of Sesostris/ was one generation earlier then the Argonautic expedition, the ship Argo being \the first long ship of ye Greeks/ /&\ built in imitation of the \long/ ship in wch Danaus the brother fled with his fifty daughters {illeg} into Greece from his brother Sesostris int Ægyptus or Sesostris into Greece in ye end of that expedition, & \Nauplius/ the son of one of \Amymone one of/ |t|his|e| daughters \of Danaus/ being an Argonaut. Sesostris \was contemporary to/ was therefore \Sesak/ being \& both were/ kings of Egypt \& therefore they/ was|ere| the same king wth Sesak for their names \& actions/ agree, Sesostris being sometimes called \Sethosis, Sesaosis Sesonchis &/ Sesonchosis) \By this recconing also/ the Trojan war (wch was one generation later then the Argonautic expedition) fell in wth the reign of the father of Dido as Virgil \(not from the chronology of the Greeks but \rather/ from that of the Carthaginians)/ relates, & Homer \& Hesiod/ was|ere| not above 400 years older then Herodotus, as Herodotus relates;// & \/ < insertion from lower down f 246r > \ And these Chronolog recconings are confirmed by the motion of Astronomy. For/ In {sic} the primitive Constellations, the histories of things done in Greece are {decipated} \described/ till the times of the Argonautic expedition & that expedition is delineated in the signes of Aries, Taurus, Gemini, {illeg} Argo. Hydra, Crater, Corvus & Chiron \& Chiron/, & nothing later is there represented, {illeg} relating to the Trojan war or to the war of the seven Captains is there rep nothing later then ye Argonautic expedition is there represented. Which convinces me that the globe celestial globe was formed in the time of that expedition & most probably by Chiron & Musæus \the Argonaut /or one of\ them & that/ for the use of the Argonauts. I \For/ Laertius tellus {sic} us that Musæus made the first sphære |& H|h|e was the Master of Orpheus & one of the Argonauts. And an ancient author cited by Clemens Alexandrinus saith that Chiron the master of Iason delineated σχηματα Ὀλύμπου the constellations|. Now the Equinoctial & solstial points in the first /oldest\ sphere of the ancients were placed in the middle of the signes \or constellations/ of Aries, Chelæ Cancer, Chelæ & Capricorn \that the Lunisolar year might begin when the sun was in the first signe/. a|A|fterwards those they /points\ were found in the twelft degree of those signes \constellations/ & then in the eighth & fourth & at last in ye beginning of those signes constellations. The motion of the Equinoxes \& {illeg} & solstices/ are now well {known &} {illeg} \being counted/ {back}wards from ye present times will place \place those points/ upon the middle of those constellations in the reign of Asa where we placed the Argonautic expedition. <246v> When Meton found out the Cycle of 19 years in order to publish it he & Euctemon observed the solstice in the year of Nabonassar 316 & placed it in the eighth degree of \the constellation of/ Cancer. And recconing that ye Equinox goes backward a degree in 72 years & {sic} seven degrees in 504 years, the summer solstice will fall upon the middle of Cancer in ye 45th year after the death of Solomon. And least you should think that the solstices were not observed so long ago, the Greeks in those days had many \famous/ Astronomers, Endymion, Aristæus, Chiron, Linus, Musæus, Atreus, Ancæus, Orpheus, Palamedes. Aristæus the son in law \who married Autonoe the daughter/ of Cadmus brought Astronomy from Libya where he was educated: & Iustin saith that he found or observed the rising of the stars in the solstice. And Bochart And in the Island Cyrie or Syrus there was an Heliotropium or place \fitted/ for observing the {illeg} solstice before Homers days. < text from higher up f 246r resumes > letters. & the use of metals were b with the arts & sciences depending on them were brought into Greece in the reign of King David by the colonies of Phenicians which fled \from/ him into Greece & Afric {illeg} under the conduct of Cadmus \& his brothers & kinsmen/ & others. ffor Cadmus was the Polydorus the son of Cadmus was the father of Labdacus the father {of} Lai{illeg}us the father of Æ|Œ|dipus the father of Eteocles & Polynices who in their youth slew one another in the time of war of the seven captains at Thebes presently a few years af between the time of \about two years after/ the Argonautic expedition & the beginning of the Trojan war: from wch time recconing back four generations by the eldest sons or 110 years, Polydorus will be a young|th| man in the middle of the reign of David & might then come with his father into Greece. \At that time Letters & the use of metals – – – – – – – & others./ Before his days some Ægytians {sic} (\Cecrops, Argus/ Lelex, Phoroneus Inachus & Phoroneus & his fathe \Pelasgus, Phoroneus \& that first/Deucalion/) came with colononies {sic} \from Ægypt/ into Greekes Greece & this might be in the days of Eli & Samuel & not earlier, it being almost impossible to remember any thing done in Greece above an hundred years before the{illeg} use of letters.

<246v>

When Ioshua conquered Phœnicia, the Phenicians fled in great numbers through Egypt into Libya & Afric & in memory of their flight erected pillars some of which remained (as Procopius relates) till the reign of the Greek Emperor Iustinian wth this inscription. We are Canaanites & flee from the face of Ioshua the robber the son of Nave.

When Ioshua conquered Canaan – – – – – – – that the Gergesites fled from Ioshua going into Afric.

The manner of their coming into Egypt is thus described by Manetho the Egyptian in the second book of his history of Egypt. We had a king called Timæus . . . . . . {illeg} of places . . . Manetho gives of this kingdom of Shepherds.

Diodorus in his 40th book . . . . . . . . . . under the conduct of L|C|admus & other captains.

The retiring of the shepherds out of Egypt augmenting . . . . . . . . & quitted Egypt between the 20th year of Samuel & the beginning of the reign of Saul, upon a prospect of {joyning} wth the Philistims . . . . . . . . . . . . . to seek new seats in Asia minor Greece & Afric.

When David smote Hadad-ezer king of Zobah . . . . . . using her sepulchre for a temple.

Herodotus tells us that Ægypt was anciently called Thebes & no doubt it had that name from the city Thebes when that city was the mteropolis of Egypt as the Roman Empire had its name from Rome. And \so/ from the city Coptus came the name of Coptites.

Thomosisis or Amosis reigned after the expulsion of the shepherds 25 years & 4 months according to Manetho & therefore died about the 12th year of Davids reign. When David smote Edom (wch was about the 18th year of his reign as above) the king of Edoms servants . . . . . . . . . . . .

Phasidis hos imponat Cholchosqꝫ vocari

Impuret.

When Sesostris in returning home came back to Pelusium . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . Et Pharios currus regum cervicibus egit.

Lucian tells us an Assyrian accounted the Temples of Ægypt very old those in Phœnicia built by Cyni Cinyras almost as old – – – – – – – – Vpon his death Ægypt fell into civil wars being invaded first by the Libyans & then by the Ethiopians & these wars set Asa at liberty to revolt & fortify the cities of Iudah. Pliny tells us: Ægyptiorum bellis attrita est Æthiopia – – – – – – – – – – – – And thus ended the great Empire of the Egyptians seated at Thebes.

After the victory of Asa the people of the lower Ægypt revolted from ye Æthiopians & {illeg} & made Osarsiphus \{illeg}/ their captain & called in the Iews to their assistance & the people of the upper Thebais & Æthiopia set up Amenophis or Memnon over them & fortified Memphys & after thirteen years Memnon {illeg} {with his young} son Ramesses or Rhampses came down wth a great army & conquered <247r> Osarsiphus & drave out the Iews. And to this action Ramesses seems to relate when he inscribed on his Obelisk (as Hermapion interpreted it) that he had saved Ægypt by expelling forreigners. Manetho takes these Israelites to be the Shepherds returning into Ægypt in ye {illeg} days of Osarsiphus & Memnon & expelled by Memnon 511 years after their first entrance. If this chronology may be relied upon let 511 years be counted back from ye expulsion of ye Israelites by Amenophis & their this first reign \of the shepherds/ in Egypt will begin within {illeg}|8| or 10 years after the wars of conquest & division of the land of Canaan by Ioshua.

Me

The Egyptians say that Menes built Memphis, & there founded the magnificent Temple of Vulcan & his successor Ramesses, \that Ramesses the son of Memnon &/ Mœris, Asychis & Psammiticus {illeg} successively added the western northern eastern & southern porticos to it. Whence Menes could not be so old as he is generally reputed. Fo older then Sesak. ffor P Psammiticus flourished three hundred years after \the death of/ Sesak & it is not likely that a Temple could be above 300 years in building.

Memnon reigned long, {illeg} recovered the dominion of Sesostris at Susa & was contemporary to the raised some magnificent structures in Ægypt, & was by \Homer & Pindar &/ the ancient Greeks reputed contemporary to ye Trojan war & feigned to be the son of \one generation later then/ Tithonus the uncle \elder brother/ of Priam, He was born therefore a little after Tithonus went into & contemporary to the Trojan war. He was succeeded by his son Ramesses Rhampsis or Rhampsinitus who built the western portico of the Temple very magnificent Temple of Vulcan \at Memphis/. And Mœris built the west northern Portico Asychis the eastern Portico & Psammiticus the southern Portico of the same Temple. Whence I gather that Menes who built the body of that Temple reigned after the expulsion of the Shepherds ffor it is not likely that {illeg} a Psammiticus reigned 300 years after Sesak, & it is not likely that a Temple could be above three or four hundred years in building or that so magnificent a structure for architure {sic} & bigness could be erected \built founded/ before Ammon & Sesack erected the monarchy of Egypt \& Amosis united the upper & lower Ægypt under one king/. Thebes was the imperial seat of Ammon & Sesak & \from Ammon/ had its name of Ammon-no or No-ammon, for Ammon & was famous in Homers days: but Memphis wch afterwards became the imperial seat of the kings of Egypt is not once mentioned by Homer. That city grew \wth its miracles rose/ up afterards & when it became the {illeg} royal seat of the kings of Egypt adorning it when it became their imperial seat. Mœris made the Lake of Mœris wth two great Pyramids in it His successors & a Labyrinth near it. His successors Suphis Cephrene & Mycerinus \& Nitocris/ followed his example in building Pyramids. After them reigned Asychis who built \a large brick Pyramid &/ the eastern Portico of the Temple of Vulcan & then Egypt became divided into three or more kingdoms. Gnephactus & his son Bocchorus reigned at Memphis. Stephanates, Nicepsos & Nechus reigned successively at Sais, & others reigned at Tanis or Zoan

In the days of Boccharis & Nechus Egypt was again invaded & subdued by the Ethiopians under Sabacon & continued in the hands of his successors Sevechus, Sua So, & Tirhaka & {illeg} Merres or Ameres till it was conquered by the Assyrians.

It was the custome of the ancient heathens to consecrate & worship their dead kings as Gods & sacrifice to them upon their tombs & gravestones as altars & in their Sepulchers as Temples. The Latines worshipped their ancient kings Saturn Ianus & Quirinus & continued to consecrate their dead Emperoror {sic} till the fall of the heathen Empire. The P Phenicans \colonies/ who came with Cadmus & Europa consecrated their dead Heroes {Bacchus} {illeg} \Ino the daughter of Cadmus Ino Sicyon \her son/ the son of his sister/ Iupiter Creticus, Bacchus Thebanus & Hercules Thebanus & others \Bacchus, Ladæmon being {illeg} Palemon the son of Ino & Hercules his grandchildren, & other Heros/ to the fourth generation. Whence came the four ages of the Gods of Greece ending with the warr of the seven Captains at Thebes & that at Troy as Hesiod represents. Chiron was born in the golden age of the Greeks & lived till the times of the Argonautic expedition & \in wch/ Talus the son of Minos was \&/ the last man of the brazen age was slain. Therefore the silver age was that of Minos & the golden that of his parents Asterius & Europa commencing wth the Phœnician colonies. So also the people of Libya & {illeg} Mauritania worshipped their dead kings as              informs us. And the people \Syrians/ of Damascus worshipped their kings \{illeg}/ Ader or Adad & Hazael &                 as above & so the Chaldeans began to worship their kings in the days of Abraham & the {illeg} <247v> {Phenicians} theirs before the people of Israel came out of Egypt the names Baalim Lords & Milcom kings denoting their dead Princes \& Asteroth the Queens of Shephers {sic}/ & the Egyptian Ox or calf worshipped by {illeg} ye Israel in ye Wilderness & by the ten tribes in imitation being dedicated to him that invented corn in Egypt. And this makes it highly probable that {illeg} when Ammon & Sesak \had/ erected the Monarchy of Egypt, they \& their Queens & Princes/ {became} were consecrated by the Egyptians after death & became the great Gods of Egypt & that Menes was the first king who reigned after the ages of those Gods. Its said that he built Memphis. And this city being called Moph & Noph & Menoph & by the Greeks Memphis seems to have borrowed its name from Amenophis, called Amenoph & Menoph by the Egyptians For he fortified this city against Osarsiphus.

Oracles began in Ægypt in the days of Amon & Sesostris, & came thence into Greece. The first Oracle was at Thebes. Thence came \went/ two Priestesses \after the death of Ammon/ the one into Ammonia \Libya/ where she set up the Oracle of Iupiter Ammon, & the other into Greece where she set up the Oracle of Iupiter Dodonæus at Dodonia. \Herodotus tells us that this was the oldest Oracle in Greece & resembled the Oracles of Ægypt/ {illeg} Sesostris \after his wars/ divided|ing| Ægypt into Nomes 36 Nomes & building Temples in the capital cities, set up Oracles in most of them \if not in all of them/, appointing annual festivals & all the Temples and annual festivals their Councils of Senators \or Princes of the Nome/ who at met at set times of the year to order publick affairs, the people at ye same time coming together to sacrifice & feast & buy & sell & consult the Oracle \& ye Oracle was inspired no doubt by the \Priests & they by the/ councillors or by the King of Egypt/. And in like manner the Greeks at the same time \in the ages of their Gods/ set up Oracles in {illeg} the Temple of \Apollo at/ Delphos \/ < insertion from lower down f 247v > [✝ \And in like manner ye Greeks set up Oracles in the temple of Apollo at Delphos/ & in that of Ceres at Patræ neare Thermopylæ in wch two places the Amphictyonic Council instituted by Acrisius met half yearely \wth the people/ to sacrifice & feast & buy & sell after the manner of Egypt the Councils of Egypt. And the like Oracles were erected \in those days/ in several other Temples of Greece. And all this was done in the ages of the Gods when the religion of worshipping dead men was first set up in Greece: the commerce between Egypt & Greece in the days of Sesostris giving occasion {illeg} to these ch{illeg} changes Acrisius Theseus Danaus & other kings of Greece \& their ministers the Priests/ to set up these religions out of state policy. < text from higher up f 247v resumes > where \to sacrifice & feast & buy & sell/ the Amphictyonic Council \& people/ met & in several other Temples {illeg} |& all this was done in the ages of their Gods: & {Religion} when the religions of worshipping dead men was first first {sic} set up in Greece out of state policy.| And instead of Oracles the Latines used divinations by the entra entrails of ye sacrifices & by the flying of Birds, the Chaldæans & {Persians} by the stars & by dreams And all this was done in the ages of the Gods, between the days of Cadmus & the Trojan war; when the religions of Greece were first set up by in worshipping their dead kings & Heroes as Gods were first set up by Cadmus Acrisius The{illeg} Theseus \Danaus/ & other kings of Greece & their ministers the Priests out of state policy.

Before the coming of Cecrops Lelex & other

|13| Before the invention of shipping to pass the Hellespont Europe was doubtless peopled by the scythi from ye backside of the black sea & lake of Mœotis & spake the Teutonick la\n/guage & after the manner of the ancient Scythians lived without towns. The colonies wch Cecrops Lelex & others brought from Ægypt first taught them to live in towns after the manner of Ægypt & to coast the sea shore & pass the Hellespont About 70 or 80 years after the Phœnicians under Cadmus brought in letters & the invention of me & manufacture of metals & the use of edged Tools wher for working in wood whereby Minos \the nepew {sic} of Cadmus/ got up a fleet of round ships & commanded the Greek seas Dædalus improved the art of working in wood for building of houses \& sepulchres or temples to the dead/ & carving of statues. At that time the Egyptians began to built {sic} long ships with sails & got up a fleet of such ships in the red sea & another in the mediterranean on the coasts of Libya & for enabling themselves to quit the sea coasts & cross sail by the stars they applied themselves to the st observe the positions & heliacal risings & settings of the stars & delineate them on the globe. And this study Aristæus who was educated in Libya neare Cyrene & was the Tutor of Sesostris & afterwards came into Greece & married Autonoe the daughter of Cadmus, brought with him from Libya into Greece. At the same time also a woman of Sicily taught the Greeks to sow corn & was deified for it by the name of Ceres & all this was in the days of Minos king of Crete. Then came Sesost ||And| About {sic} 5 yeares after the Phœnicians came Sesostris with his fleet came| wth his fleet & army & brought in the planting of vines, \& plowing with Oxen,/ & horsmanship, & musick & drawing & poetry & the names of the Egyptian Gods & manner of their worship & Oracles & festivals \& {shecyonias}/. And the Greeks applied the names & \Ægyptian/ ceremonies to their dead Heros And all this was in the days of Theseus. And this I take to be the first original of houses & towns & Letters & Arts & navigation & Letters & tillage, & Arts & temples & Idolatry in Europe. The Luni-solar year & Octaeteris was also brought into Greece at this time: for Minos used the Octaeteris.

<248r>

By all these circumstances it is manifest that these Gods lived in the ages between Cecrops & Theseus & that Neptune \the father of Atlas/ then reigned over the Island Atlantis & all Libya as far as Ægypt & over the sea coasts of Europe as far as the Tyrrhene sea & with all his forces by sea invaded all places within the straits {illeg} & particularly Gre Egypt & Greece but was stopt by the Greeks succesfly {sic} resisted by the Greeks but was succesfully resisted by ye Greeks ‡ < insertion from lower down f 248r > [‡ & that this was \in the days of Sesostris because/ two generations before the destruction of Troy & the navigation of Vlysses to the \Ogygian/ Island Atlantis where he foun conversed with Calypso the gener daughter of Atlas |a little after the destruction of Troy as Homer relates – This Neptune & Orus the son of Sesostris in the reign of Lamedon the father of {illeg} fortified Troy wth a wall. And \Nauplius & Ancæus/ the sons of this Neptune were Argonauts.|. It appears also that Neptune was not the supreme monarch but the Admiral of of |a| superior Monarch because he & |o|the|r| rest of the Princes shared the Monarchy \dominion/ between them by {illeg} \by consent/ & that this monarchy \dominion/ was very large because it is called the earth & \also because/ the other Princes were potent enough to oblige the him to be content with his share. This dominion was therefore the empire of Sesostris & Neptune was the Admiral & with his other Princes shared \the Provinces of/ his Empire after his death as the Captains of Alexander did his conquests, long after & according to the the custome of those early ages erecting Temples to themselves wth Priests & sacred rites caused themselves to be worshipped \by the nations/ as Gods. And since Neptune |Neptune was first worshippd in Afric & therefore Afric fell to his lot ffor his son Antæus reigned at Hirasa in Libya acording to Pindar. And since he| invaded Egypt, he is T the Typhon who invaded Egypt & \thence/ \& Python of the ancients Egyptians who/ slew {his brother} Osiris & made war upon \his son Orus &/ the Gods \or Princes/ of Egypt as the Poets sing, & by the mediation of Mer Thoth the scribe of Osiris composed the war by a treaty whereby wherein it was agreed they shared the Empire between \among/ {illeg} wth the other Gods.] & the Island Gader or Gades was a part of ye lot of Neptune Homer calls it the Ogygian island & places it |& shared the Empire with them. For the Egyptians referred Typhon to the sea & had no other Neptune but cursed him as an enemy.| And since \because/ the Island \Atla Atlantis conteining/ Gadir or Gades was a part of his lot & he left it to his son Atlas & it seems to me that this was the Island Island Ogygian Island where Calypso the daughter of Atlas (according to Homer) resided in the times next after the Trojan wars. ffor Homer places it 18 or 20 days sail . . . . . . . . agrees to Gades. < text from higher up f 248r resumes > & r That he was not the supreme monarch but the Admiral of a superior monarch because he & the rest of Princes shared the earth that is the Provinces of the monarchy between them & that this Monarchy was a very large one being called the earth & therefore could \be/ no other Monarchy then that of Sesostris. The Princes of Sesostris therefore after his death shared the Monarchy of Egypt between them as the Captains of Alexander did his conquests long after, & instituting Temples & sacred Priests & sacred rites to themselves caused themselves to be worshipped as Gods

And whereas \the expedition of/ Sesostris was but \about/ 400 years before the Solon went into Egypt its observable that the Priests of Egypt in those 400 years had magnified the {history} & antiquity of {illeg} of Egypt in magnifying their antiquities. And therefore hence it is that in ye dynasties of Manetho the Egyptians have multiplied the names of their kings & added Dynasty to Dynaty {sic} to make a shew of the \great/ antiquity of their Gods whereas they \the/ great conquests of Ammon & Sesak in the days of Solomon David Solomon & Rehoboam gave occasion to their being worshipped by the conquered nations & called Dij magni majorum gentium. Ammon was worshipped in Ægypt Ammonia Æthiopia & Arabia felix by the name of Ammon \& therefore reigned over these countries/: Sesak & his Queen in all Ægypt & Thebais, by the name of Osyris \& Isis/, in \{illeg}/ Arabia & other nations of the east by the name of Bacchus \& {illeg}/ {worshipped} by the name of Mars in other places by the name of Hercules or Belus or {Mnevis} he being \{was overcome.} He was that Mars who lay with Venus &/ that Hercules who set up pillars in ea several places denoting his conquests His brother [Antæus had \brother/ his royal seat at Orisa neare Hirasa in Libya &] was worshipped by Afric his people in Afric by the name of Neptune & cursed in Ægypt by the name of Typhon. The three squadrons of his fleet were represented by a Trident, for the Trident was his fighting weapon. He & Orus the son of Osiris fortified Troy wth a wall <248v> {in} the reign of Lamedon the father of Priam. He left children in Greece contemporary to ye Argonauts, amongst wch were Ancæus & Nauplius two of ye Argonauts.] The Greeks feign that Apis the son of Phoroneus went into Ægypt & there became the Apis Epaphus or Osiris of the Egyptians & that Io the sister or daughter of Phoroneus became their Isis. And therefor the ancient Egyptians \Greeks/ who made those fables reputed Osiris & Isis later then Phoroneus. Neptune & Orus the son of Osiris built the fortified Troy with a wall in the days \reign/ of Laomedon the father of Priam. And some {illeg} the children And the |By the consent of all antiquity The Egyptians make Osiris a great conqueror & by the consent of all antiquity Osiris & Bacchus were the same man & conquered as far as India & it is not likely that such a conqueror could reign in Egypt before the expulsion of the Shepherds| The great Bacchus loved two weomen Venus & Ariadne. Venus was the mother of Æneas & Ariadne the daughter of Minos con & in h taken from Theseus then a young man & by these circumstances the {ag} time of the|is| great Bacchus is determined. {illeg} Neptune & Orus the son of Osiris fortified the Troy wth a wall in ye reign of Laomedon the father of Priam. The Children wch Neptune left in Greece were contemporary to the Argonauts & two o some of them (as Nauplius & Ancæus{)} were Argonauts. His son Antæus (according to Pindar) reigned at Irasa Hirasa in Libya. Sesostris The Egyptians cursed him by the name of Typhon, & the reason appears by the Poem of Solon. Sesostris ha And b|B|y the same Poem |of Solon| I gather \it appears also/ that Sesostris had an army of weomen & the from Libya commanded by a \Libyan/ woman who was deified by the name of Minerva His mistress Venus was \also/ deified at Cyprus by her husband Cynyras & became the Dea Cypria It is not my designe to give a particular account of ye heathen Gods. It may suffice to observe in general that according to the custome of those ages of deifying conquerors & the founders of kingdoms & benefactors, Sesak & his \his wife & Children &/ father & mother & wife & children & scribe & admiral \Secretary/ & Mistress & the maker of his armour & commanders of his army \forces/ by land \& sea/ were deified by the conquered nations & became the \Dij consentes the/ Dij magni majorum gentium Imp \{illeg}/ Osiris Mars Iupiter \or Bacchus or Mars/ Isis Apollo Diana Iupiter Iuno M Mercury, Neptune \Mercury/ Venus, Vulcan, Hercules {illeg} |Pan,| Minerva Neptune. During the reign of his father Ammon he was the Egyptian Hercules: {illeg} in his own reign the commander of his forces in Thebais & Ethiopia was their Hercules. ffor Hercules was not a king. And these are the Gods to whom the cities & temples of Egypt built by Sesostris \built by Sesostris/ were dedicated.

[Editorial Note 88] <249v>

It is not my designe to settle anew the chronology of ancient Greece {illeg} content my self for obviating objections to note that & reconciling difficulties to {illeg} that in the race of the Kings of Sicyon Apis & Epopeus are but two names {of one} & the same kings {sic} & all the kings between them are fictitious That & ought to be rejected. That the race of the first kings of Argos is very much disturbed & {illeg} kings of several places are That Theseus being about at ye age of about 20 years stole Ariadne the {illeg} mistres of the great Bacchus & the daughter of Minos the son of Europa the sister of Cadmus about {illeg} years \a little above three/ two {sic} great years or 24 solar years after the death of Androgeus the eldest son of Minos & by consequence when Minos was at least 60 \{illeg}|about| {illeg} 70/ years old & tha That Theseus at the age of 50 years stole Helena then 10 years old & that Paris stole her when after she was {married} to Menelaus about 10 years \twenty years/ before the Trojan war began \according to Homer/: so that from the coming of Europa & Cadmus to the taking of Troy were at least 190 years or \about/ 1{illeg}|36| {years.} That Homer & Hesiod flourished about 40 or 50 years after ye taking of Troy.

That \6/ Iphitus who restored the Olympiads was the son of Praxonidas the son of Oxylas the son of Hæmon the son of Thoas the son of Andræmon. Hercules & Andræmon married two sisters. Thoas warred at Troy. Oxylus with a body of {Pelasg}ians returned wth ye Heraclides into Peloponnesus & had ye care of of the Olympic temple commited to him & restored the Olympic games & after they had been intermitted Iphitus restored them again. Wence {sic} the destruction of Troy was but about four generations or about 130 years before ye Olympiads & two generations or 70 years before the return of the Heraclides into Peloponnesus That Homer & Hesiod who make no mention of the return of the Herac flourished about 40 or 50 years after the destruction of Tr That Lycurgus That Iphitus did not restore all the Olympic games. He restored the racing in the first Olympiad Coræbus being victor. In ye 14th Olympiad the double stadium was added {illeg} Hypæus being victor. In ye 18 Olympiad the quinquertium & wrastling were added restored Lampus & Euryb{illeg}|a|tus two Spartans being Victors & the Disk was one of the games of the Quinquertium & there were three Disks kept in the Olympic treasury at Altis & the name of Lycurgus was upon them. And therefore he flourished in ye 18th Olympiad. Socrates died {fifty} years after the end of the Peloponnesian war & Plato introduces him saying that the institutions of Lycurgus were not the not {sic} of 300 years standing or not much more & Thucydides in ye reading followed by Stephanus saith that Lycurgus the Lacedemonians had from ancient times used good laws & been free from tyranny & that from the time that they had used one & the same administration of their common wealth to the end of the Peloponnesian war there were three hundred years & a few more Count ffrom ye end of that war count backwards 300 years & the recconing will end at ye 19th Olympiad. Homer & Hesiod flourished about 40 or 50 years after the destruction of Troy: In their Till their days Thebes was the metropolis of Egypt. Memphys grew f with her miracles \& the Assyrian Empire/ grew famous afterwards. {illeg} Lycurgus brought the Poems of Homer out of Asia. Terparder {sic} the musician was contemporary to Lycurgus, & \imitated Orpheus & Homer/ wrote his laws in verse \imitated Orpheus & Homer/ & was the first victor in the Carnea in a solemnity of music instituted in those festivals in ye 26th Olympiad. He was the first who distinguished the modes of Lyric musick by several names And Ardalus & Clonas soon after did the like for wind music. And from henceforward several eminent Musicians & Poets flourished in Greece as Archilaus, Polynestus, Thaletas, Xenodamus, Xenocritus, Sacadas, Tyrtæus, Telesilla, Alcman, Arion, Stesicorus, Mimnermnus, Alcæus , Sappho, Theognis, Anacreon, Pindar, by whom the music & poetry of ye Greeks was brought to perfection. The first M|| Between the return of the Heraclides & the \end of the/ first Messenian war there were 11 Kings of Sparta by one race & 10 by another race \& 10 Kings of Messene & nine of Arcadia/. & The first at 18 years a piece one wth another the |two| last \second & third at/ at {sic} 20 years apiece took up about {illeg} 200 years the fourth at 22 years apiece took up about 200 years. {illeg} This war lasted 20 years & therefore began 180 years after the return of the Heraclides. Euryleon the son of Ægeus commanded the {main} body of the Messenians in the fift year of this war & was in the fift generation from Oiolycus the son of Theras the f brother in law of Aristomenus & tutor {of} his sons Eurysthenes & Proclus as Pausanias relates, & by consequence from the return of the Heraclides to \in/ ye days of Theras to the fift year of the first {Messenian} war there were six generations. Reccon 31 years to a generation & the interval {will be} about 186 years. Thus by six several ways of recconing there {are} <249r> to ye about 200 years from the return of ye Heraclides to ye end of the first Messian {sic} war. And by other recconings I find that there were about 100 years more to the death of Cyrus

3 Iphitus & his successors præsided both in the temple of Iupiter Olympus & in the Olympic games till the {illeg} 26th year of Olympiad & so long the victors were rewarded wth a Tripus. Then ye Pisæns getting above the Eleans began to preside & rewarded the victors with a crown & instituted the Carnea to Apollo & continued to preside till Phidon interrupted them wch was in ye 48th Olympiad. ffor in that Olympiad the Eleans entred the country of the Pisæans with an army but were suspected to perswaded to return home quietly. Then ye Pisæans confederated wth several other Greek nations (viz Phidon & those {under} him) & made war upon the Eleans & in the end were beaten. During these wars I conceive it was that Phidon præsided suppose in the \48th or/ 49th Olympiad. ffor in ye 50th Olympiad, for putting an end to the contentions between the kings about presiding two men were chosen by lot out of the city of Elis to preside & their number in ye 65 Olympiad was incread|s|ed to 9, & afterwards to ten & these judges were called Hellenodicæ, Iudges for or in the name of Greece. Strabo tells us that Phidon was the tenth from Temenus, not the tenth king {but twi} (for between Cisus & Phidon they reigned not) but the tenth by generation from father to son including Temenus & the nine intervals taking up the 240 years from Temenus to Phidon there were about 80 years to three generations wch is a moderate recconing.

4 Herodotus tells us that Perdiccas founded the kingdom of Macedon & that the seven first kings were Perdiccas Argeus Philippus Aeropus Alcetas Amyntas Alexander the last of wch was contemporary to Xerxes. Let their reigns be recconed at about 18 or 20 years apiece & counted backward from the death of Xerxes & they will place the founding of that kingdom about ye in d|t|he days of Phidon the brother of Caranus \suppose in ye 48th or 49th Olympiad./ When the Eleans & Spartans together conquered Phidon then Phidon & his brother Caranus & \kinsman/ Perdiccas being all of the posterity of Temenus fled from Argos into Macedonia & there seated themselves. ffor Thucydides tells us that the progenitors of Alexander were of the posterity of Temenus & came from Argos & obteined the sea coasts of Macedonia & reigned there expelling the inhabitans {sic} of Pieria by war, & makes Archelaus the son of Perdiccas the son of Alexander the ninth king \of Macedon/. And this seems to be the original of the kingdom of Macedon. {illeg}

5. Hercules the Argonaut flourished \one generation before the destruction of Troy &/ four generations before the return of the Heracliclides {sic} into Peloponnesus: wch recconing about 26 or 28 years to a generation by the eldest sons of a family, place the Argonautic expedition about taking of Troy about 80 years & the Argonautic expedition about 110 years before the return of the Heraclides. The first was therefore about 70 the other about 40 years after the death of Solomon.

7 The Romans by conquering Carthage were enabled to grew acquainted wth the {illeg} records of the Carthaginians. And Appian in his history of the Punic wars tells us in round numbers that Carthage stood 700 years & b[238] Solinus adds the odd number of years in these words Hadranyto et Carthagini author est a Tyro populus. Carthaginem (ut Cato in Oratione Senatoria autumat) cum rex Hiarbas rerum in Libya potiretur, Elissa mulier extruxit domo Phœnix & Carthadam dixit, quod Phœnicum ore exprimit civitatem novam; mox sermone verso Carthago dicta est; quæ post annos septingentos triginta septem exciditur quam fuerat extructa. Carthage was destroyed in the Consulship of Lentulus & Mummius in the year of ye Iulian period 4568 from whence count backwards 737 years complete & the Encœmia or dedication of the City will fall upon the 17|6|th year of Pygmaleon the brother of Dido. The foundation of ye city was laid in the 7th year of Pygmaleon when Dido fled & the City \from Tyre/ but the Æra wa thereof began with the dedication of the city. & Virgil followed not the Chronology of the \modern/ Greeks nor perhaps was acquainted with it. If he followed that of the Phenicians Carthaginians, then Teucer after the destruction of Troy (the marble saith seven years after) & sailed to Cyprus in the reign of Cyrus Belus the (otherwise called Methres & Matgenus) the father of Pygmaleon & Dido \& there built the city Salamis./ Iosephus calls {him}|Belus| Matgenus & tells us out of the Tyrian Annals that he reigned nine years {illeg} & that Carthage was built in ye seventh year of his son & successor Pigmaleon, that is 90 years after the death of <248v> Solomon. Whence Teucer came to Troy Cyprus between the 74th & 80th year after the death of Solomon & Troy was taken seven years before, that is about 72 years after his death. Theopompus tells us that the Greeks who followed Agamemnon (meaning (Teucer Agapenor & their companions{)} seized Cyprus & ejected Cy|i|nyras & Virgil that they did it by the help of Belus. ffor he & his son Pigmaleon reigned over part of Cyprus & there built the cities Citum Lapethes & Carpathia & Virgil introduces Dido speaking thus

Atqꝫ equidem Teucerum memini Sidonia venire

ffinibus expulsum patrijs, nova regna quærentem

Auxilio Beli: Genitor tum Belus opiniam vastabat

Vastabat Cyprum, et victor ditione tenebat

Tempore jam ex illo casus mihi cognitus urbis

Trojanæ, nomenqꝫ tuum, regesqꝫ Pelasgi.

Servius adds: Cyprum subactam Belus concessit Teucero ut in ea collocaret imperium If this conquest of Cyprus by the father of Dido was noted in the Carthaginian histories Virgil might have it from thence. In the time of the Trojan war Cy|i|nyras reigned over was king of Byblus & Cyprus & being an artificer in brass & iron sent Agamemnon a breast plate, & Teucer maried his daughter. & built the city

8 The Expedition of Sesostris \king of Egypt/ was one generation earlier then the Argonautic expedition & so falls in with the reign of Sesa

7|8| The time of the Argonautick expedition is confirmed by Astronomy. For in the primitive Constellations – – – – – – – – – – {illeg} upon the middle of Cancer in the 45th year afte about 45 y 40 or 50 years after the death of Solomon.

9. The \famous/ expedition of Sesostris King of Egypt was one generation older then the Argonautic expedition & so falls in with the reign of Sesak. And their names & actions agree. Sesostris is sometimes called Sesoosis, Sethosis, Sesochris, Sesonchis, Sesonchosis wch names are corruptions of the word Sesach. And Sesak was a great conqueror so as to give occasion to Iosephus to ascribe say that Herodotus ascribed the actions of Sesak to Sesostris. And there is no other king besides Sesak || < insertion from f 16r > And there is no other king of Ægypt besides Sesak to wch the actions of Sesostris can agree. Sesak came out of Egypt in the fift year of Rehoboam spent 9 years in conquering all the east & upon his return {illeg} his brother Danaus fly into Greece with his fity \daughters/ in a long ship after the pattern of wch the ship Argo was built; & Nauplius the Argonaut was the son of Amymone one of his fifty daughters. Sesostris th Danaus therefore fled from Egypt in ye 14th year of Rehoboam & the Argonautic Expedition was about 20 or 30 years later. Symbol (two dots, each in a circle surmounted by a cross, the circles being joined by a third cross) in text Sesostris in his return into Egypt left a colony of Egyptians.

10 The great Bacchus king of Egypt & conqueror of the east loved two weomen Venus \the mother of Æneas/ & Ariane & Ariadne \the daughter of Minos & by her/ Venus was Calliope the daughter of Otreus king of some part of Phrygia & She was the mother of Æneas the & afterwards lived with Cinyras in Cyprus & after death was consecrated a Goddes by him & had a Temple he consecrated her a godess & erected a Temple to her with sacred rites & Priests, as was the custome of that age. A By Ariadne the daughter of Minos he had two sons called Philias & Eumedon who were Argonauts. B This Bacchus was therefore contemporary to Sesostris & by consequence |Both were kings of Egypt & were very potent by land & sea & led an army eastward as far as India & westward {illeg} \into {Thrace} & Greece/ & in memory of their conquests set up pillars with inscriptions in all places, & agreeing in all things they were| they were {sic} one & the same king of Egypt. He took Ariadne from Theseus when Theseus was a \beardless/ young man of \suppose/ about 21|0| or 24 years of age. When Theseus was about 50 years old he stole Ariadne from Minos Helena she being seven or as some say ten years old & when she was the wife of Menelaus & about 20 or 25 years old Paris stole her & Troy was destroyed 20 years after acording to Homer. From the time therefore that Bacchus \by the help of his fleet/ took Ariadne{illeg} from Theseus to the destruction of Troy were about 60 or 65 years. \He took her from Theseus by the help of his fleet for Glaucus the son of Neptune lay wth her./

11 Minos was the son of \Axterous king of Crete &/ Europa the daughter \sister/ of Cadmus & {illeg} Andrageus the eldest son of Minos was slain at Athens being a young man about 21 years old, & Me|i|nos compelled the Athenians by way of punishment to pay a tribute of Children every eight years & upon the third payment Theseus stole Ariadne & quitted her to Bacchus. And therefore Europa came to Crete about 70 years before the {Victories} expedition of Theseus to Cret{illeg} or 132 years before ye destruction of Troy. Cadm Polydorus the son of Cadmus was the father of Labdacus the father of Laius the father of Ædipus the father of Eteocles & Polynices who in their youth slew one another at the war of the seven captains against Thebes about ten years after the argonautic expedition. Th From the time therefore that L|C|admus came into Europe wth his young son Polydorus, to ye {illeg} war of the seven Captains there were about four generations by the eldest sons \of the family/ & so many years more as Eteocles & Po Polydorus was younger then Eteocles & Polynice: {illeg} that is about 110 or 120 years, recconing about 27 years to a generation. And therefore the coming of Cadmus & his brothers & other commanders & his sisters Europa with colonies of Phenicians into Greece & Asia minor & Libya, fell in with the time fifteenth or 20th year of David when David conquered the nations round about & caused them to fly from him. A Ino the daughter of Cadmus …….. older then David.

12. And about 70 or 80 years before when the Shepherds were driven out of Egypt by Amosis & forced to seek new seats, Cecrops, Lelea, Inach P{illeg} \{Chus}/ {and} others came with colonies from Egypt into Greece. And this {illeg} <16v> memory of things done in Europe. ffor it is not to be conceived that any thing done in Europe above an h eighty or an hundred years before the use of letters could be remembred.

13 Before the Egyptians & Phenicians came with vessels sufficient to cross the Hellespont it may be conceived that Europe was peopled from ye backside of the black sea & Lake Mœotis & spake the Teutonic language {illeg} & lif & lived without towns houses \& agriculture/ like the ancient Scythians.

13. That the kings of Athens may be no older, instead of the four kings Erechthonius Pandion Ereothius & the first Pandion are to be rejected as being the same wth Ereotheus & the next Pandion. ffor Erechthonius is by Homer & Plato called Erechtheus. And Pandion the son of Erechthonius {illeg} warred wth Labdacus the gradson {sic} of Cadmus, & therefore was contemporary to Pandion the son of Erechtheus. In the days of Erechtheus Ceres a woman of Sicily brought the sowing of corn into into Greet|c|e. She lay with Ision {sic} the brother of Harmonia the wife of Cadmus & therefore was contemporary to Cadmus who was enterteined at Eleusis by Celeus king of Eleusis & instructed his young son Triphtremus in the art of sowing corn. Celeus was the son of Rharus the son of Craxaus the successor of Cecrops & therefore Cecrops was about two generations & a reign or about 74 years older then Erechtheus & Cadmus. The war between the Athenians & Eleusinians in wch Erechtheus was slain was presently after her death.

14. That the kings of Sicyon may be no older the kings between Apis & Epaphus or Epopeus are to be rejected as spurious fictitious. ffor Apis Epaphus & Epopeus are but several names of one & the same king. Ægyalus the first king of Sicyon was the brother of Phoroneus & Apis or Epaphus \the fourth king/ was their grandson being the son of Niobe the daughter of Phoroneus by the mothers side.

16|5| That ye kings of Argos may be no older [Danaus with his predecessor Sthenelas who in ye race of the kings of this city are made much older then Acrisius ought to succeed Acrisius. ffor Danaus was but one generation older then the Argonautic expedition as above, & Acrisius was above \at least/ two generations older.] it is to be noted that the \race of the/ kings of this city between Phoroneus & Acrisius \(namely Apis Argus Pirasus Phorbas Triopas Iasus Crotonus Sthenelus Danaus Lynceus Abas)/ is very corrupt. I suspect it was taken from the brazen table wch Acusilaus pretended to dig up in his fathers \house/. ffor he preten made Phoroneus the oldest king of Greece & therefore gave \feignd such/ an account of of these kings race of the Kings \his successor/ Argus as made him the oldest. In For some of the kings between Phoroneus & Acrisius as Sthenelus Danaus & Lynceus were later then Perseus the grandson of Acrisius, & others as Pirasus Phorbas & Triopas were contemporary to Inachus & Phoroneus. For Polycaon the youngest son of Lelex married Messene the daughter of Triopas the son of Phorbas: & therefore Phorbas & his brother Pirasus were as old as Lelex who was older then Inachus. Clemnes make {sic} Phorbas as old as Lelex who was older then Inachus Actæus the predecessor of Cecrops & Triopas as old as Cecrops. Argus who is was rep Iasus i|wa|s the father of that Io who was carried into Egypt & therefore is written corruptly for Inachus Hy Huginus (Fab 145) writes it not Iasus but Inachus. One Inachus & one Io chronologers have made two, & instead of the {illeg} second Inachus written Iasus. Apis is the Epaphus or Epopus mentioned above. Argus is His successor Argus His \son &/ successor Argus was reputed the grandchild of Phoroneus gave his name to the city. Whence I reccon the first four kings to be Inachus, Phoroneus, Apis & Argus. The brothers Acrisus & Prætus were \at leas/ as old as Argus & reigned in in {sic} two several places Acrisius with his successors Perseus, D Sthenelus, Danaus, Lynceus Abas in one place & Prætus Megapenthes Anaxagoras &c in another place ffor the kingdom of Argos became divided & subdivided & Perseus changed kingdoms wth Megapenthes. ffor the Kingdom of Inachus had several sons who reigned in several parts of Peloponnesus & there built towns as Phoroneus who built Phoropicum afterwards called Argos, Ægyaleus who built Ægyalea afterwards called Sicyon, & Phegeus who built Phegea afterwards called Psophis. Phoroneus had also several children as Apis Car & Spartus who reigned in several places. And this division & subdivision has made a great confusion in the history of the kingdoms of Peloponnesus. But a[239] Pausanias tells us that in the reign of Car the son of Phoroneus temples were first erected to Ceres in Megara & that Car erected a Temple to her there: & therefore Car was contemporary to Erectheus Celeus & Cadmus & Inachus but two generations older, & the rapture of his <17r> daughter Io but one generation older then that of Europa.

16. Herodotus tells us that the Phenicians were the authors of dissentions who coming from the redd sea to ye Mediterranean ………. was committed \soon after/ in revenge of the rapture of Io.

17 The red sea being shallow & calm & full of islands navigation began there in small \round/ vessels sufficient to pass from island to island. When by the wars \the shepherds of Egypt & the army soon after by the army of David/ of th David {sic} the Edomites were driven from the red sea they fled to ye coasts of the Mediterrannean \then/ under the Philistines and Phenicians \communion of the Canaanites/ & built {illeg} Azoth & began to coast the mediterranean in such vessels as they had used in the red sea & {illeg} seized Sidon &{illeg} went \from thence/ as far as Greece & {illeg} with \Colonies &/ merchandice & stole Io, & sending colonies to several places upon the mediterranean built new towns & named some of them Erythra from their old King Erythra {illeg} \the author of navigation/ & {illeg} from red sea \Erythrean sea so/ named after him. And at length the Egyptians {learnt} found out long ships with sails {illeg} in imitation of wch the Greeks built the ship Argos \& presently after the Trojan war the Tyrheans sailed as far as Gades &there bu/. And in the mean time the trafic of the {illeg} red sea came into the hands of David & his son Solomon. So Stephanus in Azot tells us that a fugitive from the red se Erythræan sea built Azoth or Ashdod & Pliny: Nave primus, in Græciam ex Ægypto Dinaus advenit vente ratibus navigabatur inventis in mare rubro inventis inter insulas a rege Erythra. Erytha is the king of Edom usually supposed to be Esau. ffor Esau Edom & Erythra are w{illeg}|o|rds of the same signification & signify red. So Pliny Solinus & Isidorus tell us that Erythia at Gades had its name from the Tyreans who came from the red sea – Erythia dicta est quoniam Tyrij aborigines eorum orti a rubro mari ferebantur. Plin. l. 4 c. 22. In capite Bœticæ insula a continenti setpingentis memoratur quam Tyrij a mari rubro profecti Erythiam Pœni sua lingua Gadir id est septum vocarunt. Solin cap. 26. Quare Tyrij a rubro mari profecti occupantes in lingua sua Gades id est septum nominaverunt. Isidorus. And so Dionysius Afer tells us that the Phœnicians sprang originally from those men who were native Erythræans & invented shipping & merchandice by sea & Astronomy & that they inhabited Ioppa, & Gaza Elais Tyre, Berytus Byblus Sidon Tripolis. &|A|nd his old interpreter Priscian:

– littora juxta

Phœnices vivunt veteri cognomine dicti

Quos misit quondam mare rubrum

And the Phenicians themselves & the Persians related to Herodotus that the Phenician merchants traded first upon the red sea & went from thence to the Mediterranean just before the rapture of Io (Herod l. 1. c. 1 & l 7. c 89.) And Herodotus tells us also that the Gephureans were Phœnicians who came wth Cadmus into Bœotia & affirmed of themselves that they were originally from Erethria. And Stephanus that Erythra was the name of a city \in Bœotia of another/ in Ionia, of another in Libya, of another in Cyprus. It was also the name of a city of \in/ Ætolia & of another in Paphlagonia & of another in Asia near Chius & of a Promontory in Crete & of another in Libya. And no doubt these names were imposed by the Erythræans in memory of their country f & Sea from whence they came.

18. And that the Mediterranean began at this time to be navigated may be gathered from the first \first/ peopling of the Islands. ffor Diodorus tells us that the seven Islands called Æolides between Italy & Sicily were desert & uninhabited till Lipanus & Æolus about the time of the Trojan war went thither & peopled them: that Malta & Gaulus or Gaudus on ye south side of Sicily were first peopled by Phenicians & so was Madera without the straits: that the Cyclade Islands were at first desolate & uninhabited but Minos the Son of Europa king of Crete having a powerflul {sic} fleet sent many colonies out of Crete & peopled many of those islands & particularly Carpathus. Sime lay wast & desolate till Treops came thither with a colony under Cthonius. Strongylæ or Naxus was first inhabited by the Thracians in the days of Boreas the father of Caluis & Zethas & husband of Orithia the daughter of Erechtheus. Samus was at first desolate & inhabited only by a great multitude of terrible wild beasts Aristæus who married Autonoe the daughter of Cadmus carried a colony from Thebes into Cæa an island not inhabited before. The island Rhodes was at first called Ophiusa being full of serpents before Phorbas a Prince of <17v> Argos went thither & peopled it made it habitable by destroying the srepents, in memory of wch he is delineated in the heavens in the constellation of Ophinchus. Crete was first inhabited by the Idæi Dactyli who \lived in caves &/ by their arts & religious mysteries seem to have been Phœnician Priests either of Phenicia or Egypt. And Cyprus wch lay near Phœnicia seems to have been peopled not long before the days of Cadmus ffor Eratosthenes tells us that Cyprus was at first so overgrown with wood that it could not be tilled, & that they first cut down the wood for melting of Copper & silver, & afterwards when they began to sail safely upon the mediterranean they built ships & even navies of it, & when by this means they could not destroy the wood they gave every man leave to cut down what wood he pleased & to possess all the grownd which he cleared of wood. So Europe abounded at first very much with woods, one of wch called the Hercynian took up a great part of Germany & Sarmatia, being above nine days journeys broad & 40 long in Cæsars days: but now those woods are almost cut down to make room for inhabitants.

19. Before the Greek seas began to be navigated its reasonable to believe that Europe was peopled from the backside of the black Euxine sea, & lake Mœotis {illeg} & that ye |first| people spoke only the T Scythian language or Teutonic language \lived without touns or houses like the old Scythians & spake the/ Scythian, or Sarmatan & German languages, {illeg} a|A|nd |yt| the Greek language was introduced afterwards by colonies wch came by sea from Ægypt & Phenicia & chiefly from Asia minor where Moses places the posterity of Asia minor Iavan. ffor there ye Greek language was first cultivated as is manifest by the poem of Homer notwithstanding that the Greeks \out of vanity/ would have Ionia to be a colony of Greece.

20. The colonies wch came wth Cecrops, Lelex, Pelasgus, Inachus Æolus & their contemporaries \being acquainted wth the making of brick in Egypt/ began first to build {illeg} houses & towns \with their villages/ & to form themselves into governments with a Prytaneū for & a perpetual fire for sacrifices in every town. Those wch came with Cadmus & his brothers & sister Europa brought in letters & the digging \excocting/ & manufacturing of metals & the \fabric &/ use of edged tools whereby \&/ Minos thereby got up a fleet of lon round ships, & Dædalus {illeg} \& Talus/ improved the art of working in wood for building of houses & Temples |& making statues. ffor they invented the Chip-ax & saw & wimble & perpendicular & compass & turning-lath & glew.| Cadmus found gold & copper in the Pangean mountain & from him the copper stone has ever{illeg} since been called Cadmia. The Idæi Dactyli soon after found Iron in mount Ida in Crete & began to work it into {illeg} armour & utensils, & brought in poetry & musick by dancing to it in ther armour & striking upon the armour wth their weapons to keep time \to the musick/. And Rhadamanthus carried \Thoas/ one of those \Phenician/ artificers fro from {illeg} Crete & gave him the island Lemnos where he became famous for his skill \He invented the hammer & anvil & tongues & laver & ye making of tiles./ He marrie bought Calycope of her father Areus a king of some part of Phrygia & lived with her afterwards in Cyprus & they two becam the Vulcan & Venus of the ancients. |& Byblus & grew exceeding rich even to a proverb, & lived very long.| ffrom his skill upon the harp he was called Cy|i|nyras. She had Æneas by Anchises & lay also wth Sesostris the Mars of the Thracians just before he passed the He\le/spont into Thrace & by that means she obteined T Cyprus \& Byblus/ for her husband. And he deified her after her death, & built {illeg} \a/ Temple to her in Cyprus & instituted Priests to her with \{illeg}/ sacred rites & \obscæne initiations &/ became her chief Priest himself, & was buried in the same Temple & became the Ball Baal of {illeg} \the place/ & \the/ Baal-Canaan \or/ Vulcan of the Latins. She lay wth Gingris her husban the son of Cinyras & deified him after death by the name of Adonis, & caused him to be worshipped after the manner of Osiris &Tammuz.

< text from f 248v resumes > <250r> < insertion from the right margin of f 250r >

Om into Bœotia another into under Cadmus, another into Rhodes l another \under Proteus/ into Besaltia in Thrace under Proteus, another into {illeg} Thasus an under Thasus into ye Island Thasus \neare Thrace/ another under Cilix into Cilicia, another into Rhodes left there by Cadmus./ When Cecrops came first into Greece the Cares had vessels in wch they sailed between ye Islands of ye Cyclades & infested the sea coasts of Greece. \Attica./ And this navigation made way for the trade between Greece & Phœnicia wherby first Io & then Europa were stole by the Merchants.

< text from f 250r resumes >

– – – long remembred.

The Since the Phenicians who stole Io carried her into Egypt, it is evident that they \then/ traded between \Egypt &/ Greece. & Egypt. & |Now| the principal trafic with Egypt has in all ages been for corn. This was a commodity wth wch Ægypt allways abounded & wch Greece then wanted. ffor plowing & sowing was not yet in use among the Greeks. When Solomon desired Hiram king of Tyre to send him timeber for the ho his buildings he paid \gave/ Hiram for the timber, 20000 measures of wheat & 20000 measures of barley & 20000 baths of wine & 20000 baths of oyle. Whence it seems that the people of Tyre wanted corn \in proportion to their people/ & therefore trad furnished themselves from Egypt as often as they wanted it. ffor Egypt being neare them, they would be apt to send \Merchants/ thither for it \yearly/ as often as they wanted it \what they wanted/, |&| This {sic} might occasion a trafic between Egypt & Phenicia some time before the Phenicians began to sail as far as Greece. ffor when the Philistims took Sidon, some of Sidon made their escape by sea to Tyre, wch {illeg} wthout shipping they could not have done. When therefore the Phenicians began to sail as far as Greece & to set on foot a trade between Egypt & Greece \& Egypt/, it may justly be presumed that the principal commodity wth wch they supplied the Greeks from Egypt was corn. And this was first done in the days of Erectheus king of Athens & of Myles the son of Lelex king of Laconia

Erechtheus had several sons – – – – – By \From/ all wch compared together I conclude that Erechtheus was about three generations \(or an hundred years)/ older then the Argonauts & so was contemporary to Cadmus or \& might begin his reign/ about 20 or 30 years older then \before/ Solomon & that in Now it's said of Erechtheus that \he was an Egyptian & in/ in a time of famin he procured a great quantity of corn from Egypt & for this benefaction the people of Athens made him their king: And therefore the trafic of carrying corn from Egypt to Greece began before his reign.

Acrisius the grandfather of Perseus was an old man

Myles was the father of Eurotas the father of Sparte: & Sparte by Lacedæmon was the mother of Amyclas & Eurydice; & Amyclas was the father of Argalus the father of Cynortes the mother | father of Æbalus. And Eurydice by Acrisius was the mother of Danae the mother of Perseus the father of Gorgophone. And Æbalus & Gorgophone were the parents of Tyndarus &|the| father of Castor Pollux \Clytemnestra/ & Hellena. So that Myles was four \therefor three/ generations older then Acrisius & Prætus & five five generations older then Perseus & eight generations older then Castor Pollux Hellena & Clytemnestra & Hellena. And therefore

\/ < insertion from the left margin of f 250r > Lelex was a[240] an Egyptian & his son Myles was the first of any man set up a \hand/ Mill in Greece & in a village \place/ thence called Alesia that is the Quern or Mill, & taught his people how to grind corn.[241] Myles was – < text from f 250r resumes > Myles was c[242] the father of Eurotas the father of Sparte the mother of Eurydice the \wife of Acrisius &/ mother of Danae the mother of Perseus. And therefore And Eurydice was &|the| wife of Acrisius & therefore Myles was thre generations older then Acrisius.|,| T recconing four \such/ generations to an hundred years because they were by the eldest sons. Now when the Egyptians \under Sesostris or Sesak/ invaded Greece that is about ye \12t or/ 14th year of Rehoboam, Acrisius collected the Amphyctionic Councel against them & made his grandson Perseus captain of their forces \of Greece/ as shall be shewed hereafter & therefore Acrisius was at that time an old man supp & so was Myles \three generations or/ 75 years before that is in the middle of the reign of David if he lived so long, & so also was Lelex {illeg} before or about the <250v> middle of ye reign of Saul & therefore Lelex was contemporary to Samuel & came into Greece in his days & Myles set up mills for grinding of corn in the days \reign/ of Saul or \at least/ before the middle of Davids reign.

When the Phenicians brought corn from Egypt into Greece they would be apt to bring weomen from Egypt to \instruct &/ assist the Greeks in making of bread for promoting the merchandise of ye corn, especially when they brought a great quantity of corn out of Egypt for Erechtheus. ffor at that time Ceres is said to have come to Athens. She pretended to come in quest of her daughter who perhaps had been carried away by the merchants, & under that pretence travelled from Athens to Eleusis & being there enterteined by the daughters of Celeus king of Eleusis nurst up & instructed his young son Triptolemus & taught him how to sow corn. She was He sowed it in a field of Eleusine {illeg} called Rharia from Rharus the father of Celeus & son of Cranaus. who was contemporary to Cecrops, {illeg} & as the corn increased he dispersed |it| over the cities of Greece & taught them how to sow a & this was the original of plowin sowing corn in Greece. Afterwards Osiris \(who is Sesostris)/ coming into Greece taught them how to till the grownd wth Oxen whereas till then they tilled it with their hand-labour.

{illeg} Ceres lay with Iasion the brother of Harmonia the wife of Cadmus \& therefore was in some part contemporary to Cadmus,/ & Triptolemus lived till Sesostris or Osiris came into Greece. And therefore {illeg} Ceres the sowing Ceres came into Greece in the days of Cadmus & taugh T taught ye sowing of corn in \towards the end/ the latter part of Davids reign. After her his death the \Celeus Eumolpus & other/ Greeks instituted in memory of these things instituted the Eleusina sacra with ceremonies brought from Egypt. And soon after was the war between the Athenians & Eleusinians in wch Erechtheus on one side & Immaradus the son of Eumolpus \on ye other side/ were slain. This war therefore \putting an end to the reign of Erechtheus/ seems to have been about ye middle of Solomons reign: \or a litte be/ for Erechtheus is {illeg} was about 20 or 30 years older then Solomon, as was said above. {illeg} \reigned long/ Then reigned \Cecrops &/ Pandion in the days of Solomon & Ægeus in the days of Rehoboam. Pandion had war wth Labdacus the grandson of {illeg}" Io Cadmus.

[243]Arcas the son of Callisto the daughter of Lycaon the son of Pelasgus received corn from Triptolemus & taught his people to sow & make bread of it & therefore Arcas may be recconed contemporary to solomon {sic} or Rehoboam & Pelasgus to Samuel or Saul. Triptolemus also taught agriculture to Eumalus the first king of Achaia.

[244]In the reign of Car the son of Phoroneus temples were first erected to Ceres at in Megara & Car erected a Temple to her \there/, & therefore the reign of Car fell in with the latter part of Solomons reign, & the reign of Phoroneus w Car was contemporary to Solomon & Phoroneus to David as above.

The Egyptians affirmed Erectheus to be an Egyptian. Others say that he \Erechtheus/ was the son of Pandion the son of Eri Erichthonius, & I take Erichthonius to be an Egyptian. because he For he led a Colony into Eubæa (Pausan l. 1. c 5) I \first of any man/ taught ye Greeks to draw a chariot wth horses wch invention came from Lybia & Egypt, & also because he was represented wth serpentine {feet} as ffor so \also/ the Greeks to represented Cecrops of a double nature & language feigned him to be partly a man & partly a serpent] & So The Greeks {illeg} him from {illeg} |as Cecrops \to denote him a founder/ was called the son of the earth & to signify yt he was of two natures & languages the Egyptian & the Greek was represented a man above & a serpent below so was Erechthonius. {illeg} The Greeks not knowing his parents derived him from forreigners Vulcan & Minerva by a miraculous birth & the Egyptians recconned his grandson & children to be an Egyptian by birth his family.| And lastly because the Greeks not knowing his parents {fetc} derived him from forreigners Vulcan & Minerva by a Miraculous birth \the Egyptians recconed that Erechthonius was of an Egyptian by his family. Erecthonius/ being two generations (or about 50 years) older then Erechtheus was contemp may be recconed contemporary to Samuel \& Saul/. But I do not reccon the take him to or his son Pandion to \have/ be|en| king of Attica Athens. Erechtheus seems to be the first of the family who reigned there. He ga For he gained was elected king for his benefaction of corn sending for \procuring/ a great quantity of corn from Egypt \in a famin/, [245]& then he changed the name of the {temple of} {illeg} \{people}/ from Cecropians \Cranaans/ to that of Athens {illeg} {illeg} the names being taken from {illeg} |Athenians. Vnder Cecrops they were called {Cecropians} and under Cranaus Cranaans & under Erechtheus Athenians, under Ion |& Cecrops II| Romans. {illeg} in those days gave a new name to the people| Herod l. 8 And therefore when they tell us that Cecrops

<251r>

They tell us that Cecrops Cranaus Amphictyon & Erecthonius reigned successively in Attica & that Amphictyon expelled Cranaus & was expelled by Erichthonius \& suspect that Erechthonius should be Erechtheus./ [But Amphictyon was not so ancient the Amphictyonic Councel not being instituted before the reign of Theseus. It seems to me therefore that Cecrops & Cranaus were contemporary to Erichthonius & {illeg} Pandion & yt Cranaus was succeeded by Erechtheus. I had rather say that Erechtheus succeeded Amphictyon. ffor Cranaus was the father of Rharus the father of Celeus & Celeus was contemporary to Erectheus. Or if you please let Eri Erechtheus succeed Cranaus: for Amphictyon was the name of an Officer of later date, ye Amphictyonic Council not being instituted till the days of reign of Theseus. Now since Cecrops Cranaus & Amphictyon were not & Erechtheus & were of several families did not succeed one another as father & son but were all of them of several families, if should allow to the two or three first of them a reign of about 15 years a piece Cecrops will be contemporary to Cranaus was two t Cranaus was therefore two generations \(or about 50 years)/ older then Celeus & Erectheus, & Cecrops might be of the same age with Cranaus or a little older & so contemporary to Samuel. His daughter Herse the daughter of Cecrops was the mother of Cephalus the husband of Procris the daughter of Erechtheus & by this recconing Cecrops was about \scarce above/ two generations older then Erechtheus. Cephalus the son of Herse the daughter of Cecrops was the husband of Procris the daughter of Erechtheus & therefore Cecrops was scarce above two generations older then Erechtheus. especially if Celeus may be supposed 5 or 10 years younger Erechtheus.

and therefore I make \reccon/ not Erechthonius but Erechtheus to be ye successor of Amphictyon, or if you please of Cranaus: for Amphictyon was an officer of a later date \not so old/ ye Amphictyonic council not being instituted till the reign of Theseus. Now \{illeg} However/ Cranaus being \was/ the father of Rharus the father of Celeus & Celeus being contempora was \& & therefore almost scarce almost/ two generations older then Erectheus. And if Cecrops was of about the same age with Cecrops Cranaus or but a little older he will be contemporary to Samuel |& Saul.|

So then Cecrops, Erechthonius, & Lelex were contemporary to Samuel & in his reign fled led colonies from Egypt into Greece. Its probable that they escaped out of Egypt when the \Theban/ army under conquered their nation shepherds & shut them \Misphragmuthosis/ invaded & subdued their nation in the lower Egypt & shut up some of y a great body of ye Shepherds retred to Abaris & were there shut up, others \amongst whom were Cecrops, Erechthonius & Lelex & perhaps Pelasgus)/ escaped out of ye {illeg} Canobic ostium of ye Nile in such vessels as they could meet with upon that rived|r| & fled to \Libya,/ Phenicia, Cyprus, Asia minor & Greece, [& amongst these were Cecrops, Erechthonius & Lelex \& perhaps Pelasgus/ |ffor the Athenians were recconed a colony of Egyptians coming from Sais a Province of Egypt upon ye Canobic /ostium of ye Nile.\| These lived for a while without trafic |commerce| with Phenicia & Egypt, & only tr endeavoured to reduce the Greekes from a salvage way of life, & to teach them how to unite in societies, but in the next generation when a new king of Egypt had driven the shepherds out of Abaris into Phœnicia & the Philistims took Sidon & made the inhabitants fly by sea to Tyre & perhaps to some other remoter places & Saul & David beat ye Philistims \& Moabites & Ammonites/ & drove the Moa Edomites & Moabites & Ammonites from their seats these nations crouding for room s from the red sea to ye mediterranean, these nations crouding for getting a livelyhood sailed as far as Greece, partly to seek new seats & partly to get a livelyhood sailed as far as by trafic sailed as far as Greece & supplied the Greeks wth corn from Egypt. And then did Cadmus <251v> carry a colony into Greece& Cilic another into Cilicia his brother Thasus another into the Island Thasus \& Proteus another into/ an island neare Thrace & Cilix another & Proteus another into ye country of the Bisattes in Thrace Bisaltia in Macedonia Thrace.

Cecrops is therefore justly recconed one of ye first Egyptians who led colonies into Greece He \joyned one man & one woman &/ first called Iupiter God & set up an altar at Athens & after him came in all the ye whole genealogy of the Gods of Greece. By his civilizing the Greeks you may know that he lived about the same time that Phoroneus & other He was the first that built cities in Attica \reduced the people of Attica into cities/, Phoroneus the first that built cities \about Argos/ in {sic} Polycaon the son of Lelex the first that built cities in Messene Pelasgus & \&/ Lycaon the first that built cities in Pelasgia \Arcadia/. Till then ye people lived disperst in villages: & by this circumstance you may know that these men lived much about ye same time. Tho Athens is reputed a colony of Egyptians coming from Sais, yet \Cecrops/ In {sic} sailing from Egypt he|by| left \these coasts/ came by the sea shore \to/ Phœnicia & left a colony at Cypus {sic} & thence to Greece. He seems to be one of the shepherds because a colony wch he left in Cyprus sacrificed yearly a man to his daughter \Agraulis/, an impiety wch the genuine Egyptians were free from. By the like colonies the sacrificing of men came also into Greece. For Erechtheus sacrificed his daughter & therefore was one of ye shepherds \he & his colony \family/ wer|as|e of/ of {sic} the race of ye shepherds. But circumcision (the religion of ye genuine Egyptians) was not any where in Greece introduced by any of the Colonies.

Cadmus pretending to be sent – – – – shepherds. Some think that the letters Strabo lets us know – – out of Egypt. \king of their country./ Proteus is ye name of a Prince & such a man would scarse saile to seek \a/ new seats without a retinue of friends & servants. Some think that ye letters wch Cadmus brought from Egypt into Europe were b came originally out of Egypt: but \they were/ since Cecrops Erichthonius \&/ Lelex brought no came from Egypt without letters, I take them|se| \letters/ to be Phenician as they have been always {illeg} accounted. {illeg} Navigation occa & Merchandise occasioned the invention of Astronomy & Arithmetic & letters were as necessary to a Merchant & therefore its reasonable to ascribe the invention of all these things |to the Phenicians or rather if you please| to the first Merchants Erythreans \inhabitants of the red sea/ who were the first Merchants. There Moses might learn them when he dwelt in the land of Midian, & from thence the Erythreans might bring them into Phœnicia. & Greece

[246]Herodotus tells us that the Gephyreans, as they themselves reported, were originally from Erythræa. b|B|ut, saith he by inquiring, I find that they were Phœnicians who came wth Cadmus into Bœotia & dwelt in the Tanagrian country & being expelled thence first by the Argives & then by the Bœotians they {illeg} & dwelt at Athens retired to Athens where they built Temples apart. \wch had nothing common wth other Temples but were distinct./ He adds that the Phœnicians who came with Cadmus brought many do of whom the Gephyreans were a part, brought many doctrines into Greece & particularly letters & that ye Iones learnt letters of the Phœnicians & called them Phœnician letters Hence \Since these Gephyrans were originally Erythreans/ its probable that the citie|y|s Erythræ \& T{illeg}/ in Bœotia was \were was/ built by Erythreans who came with Cadmus. & that

Conon in his 37th Narration – – times of Cadmus Agenor & Cadmus, & that when they grew potent \conquered Asia/ they \first/ subdued Phœnicia & made it a Province of Egypt, & made the Phenicians assist them by sea & land in carrying on their conquests.

For Cepheus was almost contemporary to Cadmus being an old man in the days of |a generation older then| Perseus the grandfather of Euristheus who was contemporary to Hercules & the Argonauts. ‡ < insertion from the left margin of f 251v > The Egyptians {illeg} that he was He was recconed of about the same age wth Cadmus. For Apollodorus makes this Cepheus & his brother Phineus to be the sons of Belus a king of Egypt, the same Belus who was reputed the brother of Agenor the father of Cadmus & Europa Be the genealogy true or false it shews yt the ancients derived the family of Cepheus from Egypt. He was accounted an Ethiopian that is an Egyptian of Thebais. Now Conon in his 40th Narration – – – – erected there by his family – – under the dominion of Egypt < text from f 251v resumes > Now Conon in his 40th Narration saith that Cepheus – – – of Thebais When ye Egyptians came forth to conquer all the East \Asia/, they first subdued |ye| Phœnicians & set Cepheus on them, & then the Phenicians looked upon themselves as a Province of Egypt & that recconed that their royal seat was at Thebes the Egyptian Thebes, & that the {illeg}

[Editorial Note 89]

Proteus is the name of a Prince & such a man would {scarce} saile to seek a new seat without a retinue of friends & servants.

<252r>

|L 11.| Iustin tells us that ye Amazons upon Thermodon had {illeg} in the beginning \at first/ two Queens Marthesia & {illeg} Lampeto \who called themselves daughters of Mars &/ under whom they conquered part of Europe & some cities of Asia & there \having/ built Ephesus & many other cities, sent home \back [vizt to Thermodon]/ part of their army \to Thermodon/ wth great booty, & that Marthesia being \afterwards/ slain was succeeded by her daughter Orithya & that when Orithya & her sister Antiope reigned over the Amazons Hercules made war upon them. Whence I gather that Their kingdom \therefor/ upon ye river Thermodon was but one age older then Hercules & |by| therefore \consequence/ the{se}|ir| wars upo \in/ Eup Erop \{illeg} Europe/ & Asia fell in wth \were synchronal to/ the wars of Bacchus or Sesac & they were part of his weomen & after these wars were ever part of them went {illeg} to ye River Thermodon with great booty while the rest remained & \there/ seated themselves upon that river. \army./ In like manner Dionysius \a/[247] tells us that \speaking of/ these Amazons |who were seated at Thermodon tells us yt they who reigned at Thermodon| dwelt originally in Libya & there reigned over the Atlantides a potent nation & being potent victorious conquered as far as Europe & built many cities there. And Iustin tells us that these Amazons had at first two

The \old/ Scholiast of Apollonius tells us that \Rhodius tells calls him/ Sesonchosis saying that Sesonchosis who \was king of all Egypt & according to Dicæarchus/ reigned after Orus the son of Osiris & Isis, & wa conquered all Asia & a great part of Europe & that Theopompus calls him Sesostris, & that he or a |erected pillars of his conquests & made laws &| found out horsmanship (wch some refer to Orus) & that he left a colony at Æa wth laws writ in Tables & wth geographical Tables of his conquests & that Theopompus calls him Sesostris. For all these things \conquests & Pillars & \planting a/ Colony at Æa are/ by oth others referred to Sesostris. Now Sesonchosis, or as others call him, Sesonchis, is plainly the same name wth Sesach. the Greeks pronouncing the n wch the Hebrews omit, as in Memphis or Memphis much after the manner that Memphis is the same name with Moph or that |ye| Susanchites are the people of Sessa or Sesach as {illeg} \or Shushan/ called Sesack by Sheshach by Ieremiah ch 25 & 51.

As Suidas reccons Orpheus \Homer/ two ages earlier \later/ then Homer \Orpheus/ & Herodotus in the life of Homer, tells us that Phemius married Homers mother married \Homers master was/ that Phemius|o| whom Homer \in the ye {sic} first of his Odysses/ mentions to have sung at a feast {illeg} {illeg} of yt Penelope's L lovers within ten years after the Trojan war. & \He tells us also/ that Homers mother married the same Phemio, \&/ He tells us also that Homer when his sight began to fail him lodged for some time wth Mentor of Ithaca; that Mentor to whose trust Vli|y|sses when he went to ye warr of Troy committed the care of his house & family & that Homer then learnt of <252v> Mentor many things concerning Vlysses, & in gratitude mak|d|es an honourable mention of Mentor in his Odysses. \His verses were first collected into one {binding} by Lycurgus who flourished about the beginning of the Olympiads/ From all wch it seems that Hesiod & Homer flourished in ye age next after the Trojan war, or about 60 or 80 years before ye Olympi beg Olympiads. began.

How Ammon & his sons \Atlas, Prometheus, Osiris/ set on foot \the study of/ Astronomy in Egypt you have heard already. ffrom thence \Egypt/ it came into Greece \before the Argonautic expedition Trojan war/ & among the Grecians \who then flourished/ Chiron, Endymion, Orpheus, Atreus \Palmedes, Astræus/ are mentioned for their skill therein. Hesiod & Homer mention several Asterisms \Constellations/ & therefore the Sphære of the Greeks was formed before their days. The Constellations generally relate to the times of the Persons who lived flourished in ye age wch ended with the Argonautic Expedition, & there is \was/ nothing of a later date delineated in the Heavens. There is nothing relating to ye war of at Thebes or Troy & therefore the Constellations were delin formed after the Argonautic epedition {sic} & before the|ose| war|s|. of the seven Captains. In the constellations of Perseus Andromeda, Cepheus, Cassiopœa, \&/ Cete & Perseus you have the story of Perseus \in those of Bootes Plaustrum & Virgo the story of Icarus & his daughter./ Eugonasis, Sagitta, Vultur cadens, \Cancer/ Leo \Draco/ relate to Hercules. Auriga Orion, Ch Canis major, Canis min Procyon, Lepus, Scorpio to Orion who lived in the same age. Argo, Hydra, c|C|rater, Corvus, Aries Taurus Gemini \& Ara/ to the Argonautic expedition. There's Ariadnes crown, Orpheus's Harp, \Bellerophons Horse, Ganimede's Eagle, Lædas Swan Neptunes Dolphin, the fishes of Venus/ Æsculapius wth his serpent, Chiron the Centaur Ceres or D & Pan or \Ericthonius the son of Vulcan &/ Capricorn \or Pan, Aquarius or Ganimede & the ffishes of Venus/. So these these Constellations seem to contein ye History of ye age wch ended wth ye Argonautic expedition \All these things \Constellations/ relate the to the Argonautic expedition & the times immediately preceding & therefor/ & therefore {sic} they were formed presently after that {ep} expedition. expedition. |Theres nothing of a later dater {sic}, nothing {illeg} in the heavens relating to the wars at Thebes & Troy & therefore they were formed before those wars.|

Now Astronomers tell us that the Equinoxes & Solstices fell at first upon the middle of the signes, afterwards \in the time of Eudoxus/ by the precession of the Equinoxes they \were/ came to ye 8th degrees of ye signes & then \in the time of Hipparchus/ to ye 4th degree & at length about the age of Hipparchus to ye beginning of the signes, & since \now in the year 1680/ they are gone back into |about| the signes preceding sixt degree of ye signes preceding.

[248]Now Achilles Tatius tells us that some anciently placed the solstice in ye beginning of c|C|ancer others about the 12 degree & others about the 15th degree. This variety of opinions proceeded from the Precession of the Equinox which Hipparchus first discovered. At first the solstice was in the <253r> 15 degree \or middle/ of the Constellation of Cancer, then in the 12th, 8th, 4th & 1st degre{e} successively. Eudoxus following the opinion of ye oldest Astronomers placed the Eq Solstices & Equinoxes in the middle of the signes \as Hipparchus proves./ as Hipparchu But \when ye Greeks were intent upon mending their year/ it became a vulgar opinion that {illeg} they /{illeg}\ were in the 8th degrees of the signes & probably this opinion had its rise from Meton & Euctemon who observed the solstices & according to Columella placed the solstices & Equinoxes in ye 8th degrees or constellations |Therein he folled {sic} the opinion of ye oldest Astronomers wthout allowing for the precession of the Equinox, Now wch was not yet found out| And if we ascend up to ye age in wch \Now Now And \And/ it was about 40 years after the death of Solomon that/ the entrance of the sun into the 12 signes fell as neare as could be upon ye middles of ye 12 constellations of ye Zodiac we shall & therefore that was the time when ye constellations were formed. & that period of time interceded the war of ye Argonautic Expedition & \ye/ wars of ye sev at Thebes & Troy & the Trojan war was later

Med in 7. 43
2. 24
7. 32
2. 16
29. 34
11. 7
15. 30 −
8. 35|2|
8. 31
25. 28 +
3. 4

512 35 12. 72 0 71 0 0000 2485 0 2556 0 1600 0 956 0 35 72 0 70 245 0 2520 16 00 920

<253v>
Sevil ps of 8 17.12. 4.6 6.0. 6.
Mexico 17.12. 6.0. 6
Pillar 17.12. 6.0. 6
Peru 17.12. 6.0. 6
Cross Dollars 18.0. 5.1013 5.1012
Ducatons of Fl. 20.21. 7.4. 7.4
Ecu 17.12 6.0. 6.
Crusado 11.4 3.923. 3.10
3 Guilders 20.7 6.11. 7.0
Old Rix Dollar 18.10 6.0. 6.0
Pieces of 8 new Plate 14.0 4.912.
[Editorial Note 90]

Viro Clarissimo D. Guidoni Grando Isaacus Newton salutem.

Accepi Librum D. Viviani de Locis solidis ut et libros tuos in quibus Geometricè demonstras Problemata Viviani et Hugenij, et pro tanto munere gratias ago quamplurimas. Geometriam Veterum adhuc florere et vestris eximijs inventis ac demonstrationibus auctam esse valde gaudeo. Hyeme præterita Librum de rebus Opticis et origine colorum olim scriptum in lucem edidi cujus exemplar ad te mitto. Anglice scriptus est, at sub finem invenies libellum unum et alterum de rebus Mathematicis idiomate Latino, quorum gratia totum mitto. Vtinam tanto Iudici non displiceant. Vale.

Londine|i| VII Kal. Iun.

MDCCIV.

<254r>

At that time Artaxerxes Ochus carried away all the records of the Egyptians & \Manetho/ about 80 years after, Manetho in B wrote his history copying {every} {illeg} in most after an old \of Egypt/ following (in ye number of Dynasties & Generations &c) an older Egyptian Chronicle wrote \also/ after Ochus had carried away the records of Egypt \that victory of Ochus/. [Some Egyptian it seems, after they had lost their records, tried to formed this Chronicle as it were to preserve the ancient history of Egypt, & knowing that there being no records remaining to confute him, took a \too/ great |a| liberty in what he wrote. For tho Sesostris was Osiris, yet he makes him above 10000 years later then Osiris & tho Menes was later then Sesostris yet he makes Menes Osiris was Sesostris & Menes was later then Sesostris, yet he makes Osiris & Menes above many thousands of years older then Sesostris, he makes many Dynasties of kings reigning in several cities successively, which were contempo only names of the Monarchs of all \Kings/ |of| Egypt collected from from from several cities, {illeg} & reduced into one body & where several \of these/ Dynasties have a common king, these Dynasties do not agree in the \they have not the same {illeg}/ predecessors & successors of that king. He set setts down in those Dynasties the names of some famous men & weomen wch were only brothers or Sisters of kings or secretaries of State \or Viceroys, &/ He repeats the same king{illeg}s again several times with a little variation of their names, & thereby makes the number of kings much greater then it was. In And a The Shepherds who reigned before the age of the Gods he has set down in ye 15th & 16th Dynasties after the Gods. The kings who reigned When Egypt brake into several success {illeg} contemporary kingdoms he has made those kingdoms successive. And from all this confusion I saw no \better/ way to extricate my self then by following the account wch Herodotus received from the Priests of Egypt before they had lost their records, & correcting \it/ by the Scriptures & by other other authors circumstances of things where I found it erroneus.] Which has made it of less authority wth me then the accout wch Herodotus received from the Priests of Egypt \an hundred years/ before they had lost their records.

< insertion from the left margin of f 254r >

He buried his daughter in the belly of a wooden Ox & ordered her in the City {Apis} caused the Egyptians {illeg} & this Ox was {illeg} worshipped by {illeg} daily till the days of Herodotus.

< text from f 254r resumes >

At that time Artaxerxes Ochus carried away all the records of the Egyptians, & some time afterwards some Egyptians composed a chronicle to composed collecting what they could meet with & composed a chronicle of 30 dynasties of Kings \of Egypt/, & Manetho about 80 years after the victory of Ochus who followed by the assistance of that Chronicle wrote his history \of those kings/. But Herodotus writ received his account of those Kings of Egypt from ye Priests of \of those kings/ from the records \themselves/ kept in Temples of Egypt an hundred years before they were taken away by Ochus & therefore is more to be credited.

The chief \One/ fault of these \old/ Chronology of Egypt \Manetho/ is that by summing up \all/ the dynasties \of Kings reigning in several cities/ it makes the Monarchy of Egypt too too ol old. ffor if the Dynasties \cities/ be considered singly there is nothing in them \wch appears to be/ so old as Moses \Dynasties of several cities collected in several cities/ ought to be considered singly.

The first & second Dynasties – – – – to make their nation loo so that they were the same kings.

Thus you see there is nothing in the Dynasties of Manetho so old as Moses. And yet by adding all the Dynasties together Chronologers have \made/ the Kingdom of Egypt much older {than} the creation of the world.

Another fault of the Chrol|n|ology of Manetho is that in ye Dynasties of ye same city the kings are set out of order & variously repeated & their names of the kings \are/ corrupted & the Queens & brothers & Sisters \& children of kings & their/ {sic} Viceroys & secretaries of state \& the names of \the human names of/ some of the Gods/ are inserted in the <254v> dynasties & several names of the same king (as Osiris, & Sesostris \Sesochis, |&| Sethos, Menes Amenemes & Amenophis/) are put for several kings. And all this is done in the reign \for giving an acco{unt of the}/ race of kings who reigned over Egypt between the death of \in the 200 years between/ Menes & the invasion of Egypt by Sabacon the Ethiopian: ffor the king. ffor the Government of Egypt after that invasion is so that the Egyptians after their records \& antiquities/ had been injured by the invasions of the Assyrian Ethiopians Assyrians & Babylonians & Persi- under Cambyses & carried away by the Persians under interpoled by the Priests of Egypt to make their kingdom look ancient, & carried away by the Persians under Artaxerxes Ochus, seem to have heaped together the names of as many of their ancient kings & great \famous/ men as they could remember, & put them without knowing when & \in/ what order they reigned or whether some of them were kings.

At that time Artaxerxes Ochus king of Persia carried away all the records of the Egyptians & \Manetho/ about 80 years after wrote history of ye kings of Egypt, wch has since been tampered with \altered/ by Africanus. But Herodotus received his account of those kings from the Priests themselve records themselves kept in the Temples of Egypt & recited to him by the Priests an hundred years before Ochus invaded Egypt & therefore \I have hitherto relied principally upon/ is more to be credited.

Manetho distinguishes his work into three Tomes, & in the first Tome treats of the Gods of Eg wch reigned in Egypt, in the second T. he treats of the kings who reigned in \the Monarchy of/ Egypt next after the Gods, beginning with Menes \untill the monarchy became divided/, in the third he treats of the kings who reigned in several parts of Egypt untill Sabacon the Ethiopian conquered them & of the kings who reigned over all Egypt after Sabacon.

In the first Tome he treats of the Gods of Egypt by their divine names or names by wch they were deified, & assignes them very long reigns as if they had been deified \more then men/. In the second he treat begins with Menes & with \amongst/ the successors of Menes he intermixes the humane names of the Gods or names by wch those kings of E the predecessors of Menes were called before they were deified, & thereby has very much obscured his account of the kings wch succeeded Menes. In third he has set down two dynasties of a kings His third Tome conteins kings of a later date & so is less erroneus.

The first Tome being Theological & faboulous {sic} may be passed by. The main difficulty is in the second Tome,

< insertion from the left margin of f 254v >

He was succeeded in Egypt, according to Herodotus, by Sethon Priest of Vulcan in whose reign Sennacherib invaded Iudea & marching against Egypt & besieging Pelusium \or Libna/ lost a great part of his army besieded Pelusium called Libnah in Scripture: at wch time wch time {sic} Tirhakah king of Ethiopia coming against him he lost in one night 185000 {illeg} men. Herodotus saith that the Quivers & bow-strings & leathers of the bucklers of his soldiers were|being| eaten by a vast multitude of field mise, &|the| Egyptians set upon him the next day & easily put his army to flight wth a great slaughter, in memory of wch Sethon the statute of Sethon was erected wth a mouse in his hand & this motto, In me quis intuens esto pius. It seems as if he was beaten by the joint power of the Æthiopians & Egyptians.

< text from f 254v resumes >

Manetho has given us 30 dynasties of Kings of Egypt but nether the Dynasties no not in due order of time. The 15th 16th & 17th dynasties are of the Shepherds & so should be set down in the first place. The 18th & 19th Dynasties are of the kings wch expelled them & reigned at Thebes & therefore should have been set down in ye next place. The \11th &/ 12th conteine som a repetition of some \of the/ kings wch reigned at Thebes. The first eleven 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, 6th, 7th & 8th were intended to contein the kings wch reigned \afterward/ at This & Memphys, beginning wth Menes, The & therefore should be set next. {illeg} The 5t is of kings wch reigned at Elephantine in Ethiopia, but at what time is uncertain. In ye 9th & 10 the kings are not named

<255r>

Hesiod tells us that Bacchus married Ariadne the daughter of Minos & the Ægyptians themseves {sic} affirmed (as Herodotus reports) that Bacchus was the same God wth him whom they \all the Egyptians/ worshipped by the name of Osiris

Now Herodotus tells us that as the

Now the Egyptians as Now Osiris whom all the Egyptians worshipped together |wth| Isis, the Egyptians themselves affirmed to be the same god with Bacchus, as Herodotus reports; & Hesiod tells us that Bacchus {illeg} (he who wth an army from Egypt invaded \Asia/ India & Thrace) married Ariane the daughter of Minos. And therefore Osiris \& Isis/ was|ere| contemporary to Minos & Ariane & flourished in the reign of Solomō & Rehoboam. a Herod. l. 2. b Hesiod Theogon. vers. 945.

p. 15. l. 26. & ab became the mistress &c b Hesiod Theogon. vers 945.

Mœris translated the sea

All these reigned at Thebes till Mœris translated the seat of ye empire fom Thebes to Memphis. After Mœris Herodotus reccons Sesostris \Herodotus/ reccons {sic} Sesostris, Pheron, Nic Proteus, Rha\m/psinitus, Cheops & – – – – – pag 17 lin 32. The six first

II. 17.

|princes of Egypt.| The Ægyptian \Priests/ related to Herodotus that Mœris \Menes/ built \Memphis &/ the temp magnificent temple \of Vulcan/ & that Mœris built the {sic} /two\ first \& that {sic} Rhampsinitus & Mœris built the western & north/ Porticos thereof & by consequence that the|is| Temple stood eleven thousand years before the kings of Egypt began to build the Porticos thereof. Whereas I never yet heard of any temple that stood two thousand years. And its much {more} reasonable to beleive that the Egyp kings of Egypt would add the Porticos while the body of {the} temple was new & beautifull. Its further observable that the {sic} {illeg} \from the days of Ammon the kings of Ægyp reignd at Thebes till/ Mœris translated the seat of the Monarchy of Egypt from Thebes to Memphis & therefore all the 330 kings of Egypt reigned at Thebes till Mœris began to adorn Memphis. If with Herodotus we omit the names &c \There is here but one king between Menes & Mœris/ – – – – Apres Amosis Psamminitus. [And if more kings are to be added they must be inserted between Rhampsinit between Menes & Rhampsi between Rhampsintus \Menes/ & Mœris.] Which makes it probable that as the Greeks \have/ inserted fourteen feigned kings of Sicyon between Apis & Epopeus to make that kingdom look ancient, so the Egyptians to make their Monarch Monarchy & their Gods look ancient have inserted above three hundred \feigned/ kings between {illeg} Menes & Mœris. And this is the more probable becaus Osiris in the opinion of the \ancient/ Egyptians themselves was one & the same person with the great Bacchus & this Bacchus was contempary {sic} to Ariadne & Theseus & was the same king of Egypt with Sesostris & Sesac. And before the Egyptians had corrupted their antiquities the Greeks deified \Bacchus/ the son of Semele with \the/ sacred rites of Osiris & feigned that Io the daughter of Inachus was carried into Egypt & became the Goddess Isis. But let us take a view of the kings of Egypt recited by Herodotus

– who reccons eleven k 330 kings from Menes to Mœris inclusively & eleven more to              & by consequence 13 kings from the death of Orus & begining of the reign of Menes to the beginning of the reign of the 12 contemporary kings

[Editorial Note 91]

out of Italy. And therefore that invasion was almost 300 years before the building of Naxus & Siracuse. Suppose it 260 years before & it will fall upon the 28|7|th year of Solomon. Hellanicus &c

<256r>

{illeg}{illeg} haue now carried up the Chronology of Greece as high as the reigns of Cecrops {In}achus, Lelex, Ægialus, Pelasgus, Deucalion &c this is as high as the first memory of things done in Greece. For these were the oldest kings of Greece of wch there is any certain memory They all flourished about 60 or 80 years before Cadmus brought letters into Greece & it is not to be imagined that before ye use o things could be remembered wch were done aboue an hundred years before the use of letters. Chronologers make the kingdoms of Sicyon & Germany aboue 1000 years older then the \first use of letters in the/reign of David coming of Cadmus in the reign of David & that of Argos above 800 years older & that of Athens above 500 years older {than his}. But how come they to know this? Could the history of Athens be preserved for 500 years together wthout the use of Letters? \Or could Sicyon & Germany remember their Originalls five hundred {illeg} of hers?/ The We find by dayly experience that the memory of such things as are not committed to writing, wears out in thre or four \generations/score years & When letters first came in its reasonable to beleive that ye Greeks would commit to writing as much of the antiquities of the several kingdoms of Greece as they could remember & {illeg} in the thence it comes to pass that these \the/ antiquities \throughout all/ reach up or all those {illeg} \of all those kingdoms/ reach up to about 60 or 60 80 or 90 years before ye coming in of Letters & no higher \as we have {stated} them/. And the like \has/ happened in the region of Troy & Phrygia. ffor Priamus \king of Troy/ was the son of Laomedon the son of Ilus the son of Tros the son of Erichthonius the son of Dardanus & therefore Dardanus \the son in law of Teucer & therefore Teucer/ was five generations \or about/ 1{illeg}|00| years older then Priamus [who was about 70 years old at ye taking of Troy & therefore] & \so/ flourished about in the days of /Eli &\ Samuel. & \Erichthonius had a long numerous breed of horses. Dardanus/ is said to be the brother of Iasion who lay wth Ceres in the reign of David. And his father wife's father Teucer is the first king of the Trojans mentioned in history. Let this therefore remain a truth that nothing done in history Eu \the antiquities of the several kingdoms of Greece & Troy reach about 3 or 4 generations higher then the first use of letters & that/ there is no memory now remaining of any thing done in Euroe & Asia minor before the High-priesthood of Eli. |Nor indeed was Europe peopled| – Nor indeed was Europe peopled \And indeed Europe was not peopled/ very long before. For several Islands of Greece remained uninhabited till these days. Homer in Herodotus (in vita Homeri) tells us that Lesbus & Cuna Æolica \& Phricotis/ were not inhabited till after the Trojan war. Aristæus who married the daughter of Cadmus was the first inhabitant carried a colony \from Thebes/ into Cœas an island not inhabited before (Salustius apud Servium.) The Island Rhodes was at first Called Ophiusa being full of Serpents before Phorbas the son of Triopas {illeg} went thither & inhabited it The discovery of this Island made & some other Islands made the Greeks report that they rose out of the sea. Ammianus: (l. 17) In Asia Delos emersit & Hiera & Anaphe & Rhodus. Plinius (.l 2 c. 87{)} Claræ jampridem insulæ Delos & Rhodos memoria produntur enatæ \postea minores ultra {illeg}|M|elon, Anaphe, inter Lemnum et Hellespontum Nea, inter Lebedum et Teon Alone, inter &c/. Vide Bochart Phaleg. l. 3. c. 6. Strongylæ \or Naxus/ was first inhabited by the Thracians in the days of Boreas, & at that time some of Cyclade islands were wholy desolate & others but thinly inhabited Diodor l 5 c 3 p    Syme lay wast & desolate till Triops came thither with a colony under the conduct of Chthonius. \ib./ Carpathus was first seized on by some of thesoldiers of Minos \ib/. Tenedos was peopled by Tennes about the times of the Trojan war & before those times Lesbos was peopled by Macarius. And in general the Cyclad Islands were at first desolate & uninhabited but Minos the son of Europa \king of Crete/ having a strong \powerful/ fleet sent many colonies out of Crete & peopled many of the Cyclades Diodor l 5. in fine. And so the seven Islands called Æolides between Italy & Sicily were \desert &/ uninhabited ill Lip{illeg}arus about the time of the Trojan war {illeg} went \thither/ from Italy & peopled them. {(}Diodor l 5 c 1.) And Malta & Gaulus or Gaudus on the south side of Sicily were first peopled by Phenicians (Diodor l 5. c. 1.{)} & so was Madera (ib. l. 5. c. 2) Samus was at first desert & inhabited by a great multitude of wild beasts (Bochart Canaan l 1 c 8{)}

If your endeavour to serve M Godolphin & me has made you any enemies at Cambridge, it has made

And indeed Europe was not peopled very long before. ffor Diodorus tells us \/ that the Cyclad Islands were at first desolate & uninhabited but Minos the son of Europa king of Crete having a powerfull fleet sent many colonies out of Crete & peopled many of the Cyclades & {illeg} C particularly that Carpathus was first seized by the soldiers of Minos. Syme lay wast & desolate till Triops came thither with a colony under Chthonius. Stragyle or Naxus was first inhabited by the Thracians in yen days of Boreas. \/ He tells us also that the seven Islands called Æolides between Italy & Sicily were desert & uninhabited till Liparus \& Æolus/ about the time of the Trojan war went thither from Italy & peopled them & that Malta & Gaud|l|us or Gaudus the south side of Sicily were first peopled by Phœnicians & so was Madera without the straits. ③ Samus was at first desert & inhabited only by a great multitude of terrible wild beasts (See Bochart in Canaan l 1. c 8) Aristæus who married the daughter of Cadmus carried a colony from Thebes into Cœa an island not inhabited before (Salust apud Servium) The Island Rhodes was at first called Ophiusa from the mult being full of Serpents before Phorbas ye son of Triopas went thither & made it habitable by destroying the serpents in memory of wch he is delineated in the heavens in the constellation of Ophiuchus. The discovery of this & some other Islands made the Greeks \a/ report that they rose out of the sea. Claræ jampridem insulæ Delos & Rhodos memoria produntur enatæ; postea minores, ultra Melon Anaphe, inter Lemnum et Hellespontem Nea &, inter Nebedum et Teon Alone &c Plin l 2. c 87. In Asia Delos emersit & Hiera et Anaphe et Rhodus Ammian l. 17. And even the Island Cyprus which lay next Phœnicia seems peopled not long before ye days of Cadmus. ffor Eratosthenes tells us that Cyprus was at first so overgrown with <256v> wood that it could not be tilled. And that they first cut down the wood for melting of {illeg} Copper & silver, {illeg} afterwards when they they built ships & navies of it. {illeg} could not destroy the wood they gave every \man/ leave to cut down what wood he pleased & to possess & till all the grownd wch he cleared of wood. So Europe at first abounded very much with woods, one of wch called the Hercynian wood took up a good part of Germany, but now those woods are in great measure \almost/ cut down to make room for inhabitants, & this has ben done since the invention of iron in the reign of Minos.

[Editorial Note 92]

which single consideration overthrows the chronogy {sic} of the Greeks & ratifys that confirms {that} wch we have delivered above,

|in history.| So also in Italy letters where letters where brought in by {illeg} Evander & his mother Carmenta the first memory of things reaches no higher than Ianus & Saturn who flourished two or three generations before \letters were brought in by/ Evander & his mother Carmenta. brought in letters. Let this therefore remain a truth that the \antiquities of the/ several kingdoms of Greece & Troy & {illeg} \of/ the Aborigines in Italy reach at \about/ two or three or at most four generations abov higher then the first use of Letters & that there is no memory now remaining of any thing done in Europe & Asia minor before the {illeg} High-priesthood of Eli.

<257r>

14∟6.850. 112dig 5800 3400 0 850 00 124100 10342 dig 86∟18  ped.  16.15 86,5. 25∟525.5∟381 86∟18 0 80∟ 799 36 49 .

This city is said by the followers of Ctesias to have ben built by Semiramis the widdow of Belus the founder of the Assyrian Empire that is by the widdow of Pul. And Herodotus tells us that Semiramis was five generations older then Nictoris one of the gates of Babylon was called the gate of Semiramis & that she was five generations older then Nitocris the mother of Labynitus or Nabonnedus the last king of Babylon; & therefore she flourished six generations or 200 years before Nabonnedus & that is \& by consequence/ in the reign of Pul & \his/ successor Tiglathpileser. And the follower {sic} of Ctesias tell us that she built Babylon & was the widdow of Belus the founder of the Assyrian empire, that is the widdow of Pul. Other authors tell us ascribe the building of Babylon to Belus himself, that is to Pul.

Phorbas the son of Lapethus went to Rhodes.

Melus Paphus & Callista planted by the followers of Cadmus.

Hercules having killed Augeas held an Olympic agon at Elis.

Cleodius the son of Hyllus killd in third attempt of the Heraclides to return.

Aristomachus the son of Cleodius attempting to return was slain

Calypso at Cales?

Iust before the return of the Heraclides Aristomachus the son of Cleodius the son of Hyllus the son of Hercules slain

Hercules was \when a young man in the time of the Argonautic (who began their \to/ reign over Sparta at that \Expedition// was the father of Hyllus, the father of Cleodius, the father of Aristomachus, the father of Temenus Crespones & Aristodemus who led the Heraclides into Peloponnes \& Aristodemus was the father of {Eurysthes} & Procles the two first kings of Sparta who began/ & therefore the return of the Heraclides into Peloponesus was four /between four & five\ generation {sic} by later then the Argonautic expedition, & these generations being by the eldest cheif of the family might if they \may/ be recconed at about 25 years to a generation \& so/ will amount to about 112 years & so much later then the Argonautic expedition was the return of the Heraclides & so long it was from the Argonautic expedition to the return of the Heraclides, vizt about 30 or 32 years from the taking of Troy & 80 years more to the return of the Heraclides Count those years back from the return of the Heraclides & the taking of Troy will be about 130 years

The ancients \generally/ recconed 80 years from the taking of Troy to the the {sic} return of the Heraclides. {illeg} And the recconing was not much amiss. For Hercules the Argonaut.

– Euristheus who was of the same age wth Hercules was slain in the first attempt of the Heraclides to return, Hyllus was slain in the second attempt, Cleodius in the third attempt, Aristomachus in the fourth attempt & Aristodemus died in the last attempt & left the kingdom of Sparta to his sons Eurysthenes & Procles. Whence the return of the Heraclides was between four & five generations after the Argonautic expedition & these generations were short ones, being by the chief of the family. And therefore we cannot err much if we reccon 80 years wth the ancients eighty years from the taking of Troy & to the return of the Heraclides. From the return of the Heraclides count therefore

[Editorial Note 93]

& making \Cyaxeres to be the immedate {illeg} successor of Phraortes &/ Astyages the predecessor of Cyaxeres & \the/ father of Mandane & grandfather of Cyrus to be the son & successor of Cyaxeres \& husband of Ariene/, whereas he was his father & predecessor of Cyaxeres & son & successor of Phraortes – Cyaxeres had a son who married Ariene the daughter of Alyattes king of Lydia, {illeg} as Herodotus mentions but this son was not Astyages the father of Mandane

Herodotus hath inverted the order of the kings Astyages & Cyaxeres, making Cyaxeres to be the son & successor of Phraortes, & \{sic} the father & predecessor {of}/ Astyages the father of Mandane & grandfather of Cyrus. to {illeg} be the son & successor of Cyaxeres. whence it follows that Cyaxeres was three generations older then Cyrus |& telling us the|at| \{illeg} Astyages was/ husband of Ariane the daughter of Alyattes king of Phrygia & that Cyrus took this Astyages prisoner & that he was| And Pausanias hath followed him in coppied after him \Herodotus/ in telling us that Astyages the son of Cyaxeres reigned in Media in the days of Aliattes king of Lydia. Cyaxeres had a son who married Mand Ariene the daughter of Alyattes king of Lydia \& the name of this son might be Astyages/ but this son was not the father of Mandane nor was conquered by Cyrus. For at his marriage wth Ariene the wch was in the year of the total Eclips prædicted by Thales of the Sun anno Nabonass 147, he could scarce be less then twenty years old, & therefore at the taking of Babylon must have been 82 years old or above: whereas the predecessor of Cyrus who took it was then but 62 years old & his name, as we learn from Daniel, was Darius. This Darius was therefore the younger brother of him who married Ariene. For he was the son of Achsuerus –

– & grandfather of Cyrus & telling us that this Astyages was the husband of \married/ Ariene the daughter of Alyattes king of Lydia & was \at length/ taken prisoner by Cyrus & deprived of his dominion by Cyrus

<258r>

might be ten or twenty years earlier. From the Colonies henceforeward sent into Italy & Sicily

Emendanda

Pag.12 l 27, 28. read of in Syria after the breaking of that Monarchy (Seleucia &c) reigned 244 years, wch is 1514 years a piece. The eleven of Egypt from the same period (Ptolomæus Lag. &c)

Pag. 16 l. 4 upon the 19 Olympiad & according to Socrates it might be upon the 20th or 22th.

220011s 5°. 54. 59 3°. 48. 53 36°. 6′. 40″
2980. 11. 8°. 41′. 43″ 38. 45′. 33″ 31°. 56′. 40″
1699. 6. 12. 35. 56. 7. 37. 9 28. 58. 30
7. 3. 54. 13 28. 51. 36 27 1. 50
3. 26. 18. 3 20 {illeg}6
11 0. 12. 16 1. 28. 51. 56
1 28. 31. 56
. 29. 4. 12
<260r>

Chap. V.
Of the Empire of the Medes.

We have said that the kings of the Medes before Cyrus were Dejoces, Phraortes, Astyages, Cyaxeres, & Darius. The three first reigned before the kingdom grew great, the two last were great conquerors & erected the Empire. For Æschylus who flourished in the reigns of Darius Hystaspis & Xerxes & died in ye 76th Olympiad, induces {sic} Darius thus complaining of those who persaded {sic} his son Xerxes to invade Greece.

[249]They have done a work

The greatest & most memorable, such as never happened,

(For it has emptied the falling Susa)

From the time that king Iupiter granted this honour

That one man should reign over all Asia

Having the imperial scepter.

Μηδος γὰρ ἠν ὁ πρωτος ἡγημὼν στρατου.

Ἄλλος δ᾽ ἐκείνου παις, τὸ δ᾽ ἔργον ἤνυσε.

Τρίτος δ᾽ ἀπ᾽ {illeg}του ἀυτου Κυρος εὐδαίμων ἀνήρ, &c

For he that first led the army was a Mede.

The next who was his son, finished the work.

The third was Cyrus, a happy man, &c.

The Poet here attributes the founding of the Medo-Persian Empire to the two immediate predecessors of Cyrus, the first of wch was a Mede, & the second was his son. The second was Darius the Mede, the immediate predecessor of Cyrus, according to Daniel; & therefore the first was the father of Darius, that is, Achsuerus, Assuerus, Oxyares, Axeres or Cy-Axeres. For Daniel tells us that Darius was the son of Achsuerus (or Ahasuerus, as the Masoretes erroneously call him) of the seed of the Medes, that is, of the seed royal. This is that Assuerus who together with Nebuchadnezzar took & destroyed Nineveh according to Tobit: which action is by the Greeks ascribed to Cyaxeres & by Eupolemus to Astibares \a name perhaps corruptly written for Assuerus/. By this victory over the Asyrians, & subversion of their kingdom seated at Nineveh, & the ensuing conquests of Armenia Cappadocia & Persia, he began to extend the reign of one man over all Asia; & his son Darius the Mede, by conquering the kingdoms of Lydia & Babylon finished the work: & the third king was Cyrus a happy man for his great successes under & against Darius, a large & peaceable dominion in his own reign.

Cyrus lived seventy years according to Cicero, & reigned nine years over Babylon according to Ptolomy's Canon, & therefore was 61 years old at the taking of Babylon: at which time Darius the Mede was 62 years old according to Daniel. And therefore Darius was two generations younger then Astyages the grandfather of Cyrus. For Astyages (according to Herodotus & Xenophon[250]) gave his daughter Mandane to Cambyses a Prince of Persia, <261r> and by them became the grandfather of Cyrus, & Cyaxeres was the son of Astyages (according to Xenophon[251]) & gave his daughter to Cyrus. This daughter, saith Xenophon,[252] was reported to be very handsome & used to play with Cyrus when they were both children, & to say that she would marry him; & therefore they were much of the same age. Xenophon saith that Cyrus married her after the taking of Babylon: but she was then an old woman. Its more probable that he married her while she was young & handsom & he a young man; & that because he was the brother in law of Darius the king, he led the armies of the kingdom untill he revolted. So then Astyages, Cyaxeres & Darius reigned successively over the Medes; & Cyrus was the grandson of Astyages & married the sister of Darius & succeeded him in the throne.

Herodotus hath inverted the order of the kings Astyages & Cyaxeres, making Astyages the father of Mandane to be the son & succesor of Cyaxeres. And Pausanias[253] agrees with him in telling us that Astyages the son of Cyaxeres reigned in Media in the days of Alyattes king of Lydia. For Cyaxeres had a son & this son named Astyages, & this son married Ariene the daughter of Alyattes king {of} Lydia according to Herodotus, but was not the father of Mandane nor was conquered by Cyrus. For at his marriage with Ariene, wch was in the year of the total Eclips of the Sun, anno Nabonass. 147) he could scarce be les then twenty years old, & therefore at the taking of Babylon must have been 82 years old or above whereas Darius the predecessor of Cyrus \who took it/ was then but 62 years old \& his name was Darius, as we learn from Daniel/. Darius was therefore the younger brother of this Astyages \him that married Ariene/. For he was the son of Achsuerus according to Daniel, that is, of \Axeres or/ Cy-Axeres. Considering therefore that Cyaxeres reigned long, & that no author mentions more kings of Media then one called Astyages, & that Æschylus who lived in those days knew but of two \great/ Monarchs of Media & Persia (the father & the son) older then Cyrus: it seems to me that Astyages the father of Mandane & Grandfather of Cyrus was the father & predecessor of Cyaxeres, & that Cyaxeres out-lived his elder son Astyages \who married Ariane/ & was succeeded by his younger son Darius. {sic} < insertion from f 260v > [254]Herodotus hath inverted the order of the kings Astyages & Cyaxeres, making Cyaxeres to be the son & successor of Phraortes, & the father & predecessor of Astyages the father of Mandane & grandfather of Cyrus, & telling us that this Astyages married Ariene the daughter of Alyattes king of Lydia & was at length taken prisoner & deprived of his dominion by Cyrus. And Pausanius {sic} hath coppied after Herodotus in telling us that Astyages the son of Cyaxeres reigned in Media in the days of Alyattes king of Lydia. Cyaxeres had a son who married Ariene the daughter of Alyattes king of Lydia, but this son \was/ not the father of Mandane nor was conquered by Cyrus & grandfather of Cyrus, but was contemporary to Cyrus. And his name is preserved in the \name of the/ Darics wch upon the conquest of Crœsus by the conduct of \his General/ Cyrus, he coyned out of the gold & silver of the conquered Lydians. His name was therefore Darius as he is called by Daniel. For Daniel tells us that this Darius was a Mede & that his fathers name was Assuerus, that is Axeres or Cy-Axeres \or that is Prince Axeres/, the word Cy signifying a Prince. Considering therefore that Cyaxeres reigned long, & that no author mentions more kings of Media then one called Astyages, & that Æschylus who lived in those days knew but of two great Monarchs of Media & Persia (the father & the son) older then Cyrus: it seems to me that Asstyages the father of Mandane & grandfather of Cyrus was the father & predecessor of Cyaxeres; & that the son & successor of Cyaxeres was called Darius. Cyaxeres according to Herodotus reigned 40 years – < text from f 261r resumes > Cyaxeres according to Herodotus[255] reigned 40 years & his successor 35 & Cyrus according to Xenophon seven. Cyrus died anno Nabonass. 219, & therefore Cyaxeres died anno Nabonass. 177, & began his reign anno Nabonass. 137; & his father Astyages reigned 26 years, beginning his reign at the death of Phraortes who was slain by the Assyrians anno Nabonass. 111 as above.

Of all the kings of the Medes Cyaxeres was the greatest warrior. Herodotus saith[256] that he was much more valiant then his ancestors, & that he was the first who divided the kingdom into Provinces & reduced the irregular & undisciplined forces of the Medes into discipline & order. And therefore by the testimony of Herodotus he was that king of the Medes whom Æschylus makes the first conqueror & founder of the empire. [For Herodotus represents him & his son to have been the two immediate perdecessors of Cyrus, erring only in the name of the son. Astyages [the king being the father of Mandane & grandfather of Cyrus was certainly two generations older then Darius & by consequence he was the predecessor & father of Cyaxeres as is affirmed by Xenophon. This king] did nothing glorious. [257]In his reign a great body of Scythians commanded by Madyes, invaded Media <262r> & Parthia as above & reigned there about 28 years. But atlength his son Cyaxeres circumvented & slew their captains in a feast, & made the rest fly to their brethren in Parthia, & immediately after, in conjunction with Nebuchadnezzar, invaded & subverted the kingdom of Assyria & destroyed Nineveh.

In the fourth year of Iehojakim, wch the Iews reccon to be the first of Nebuchadnezzar (dating his reign, if I mistake not, \either/ from his victory \at/ over the king of Egypt at Euphrates) or fom his being made king by his father just before, or from the month Nisan preceding) when the Victors had newly shared the Empire of the Assyrians, & in prosecuting their victory were invading Syria & Phenicia & were ready to invade the nations round about: God threatned[258] that he would take all the families of the north (that is the Medes) and Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon, & bring them against Iudea & against the nations round about, & utterly destroy those nations & make them an astonishment & lasting desolations, & cause them all to drink the wine-cup of his fury: and in particular names the kings of Iudah & Egypt, & those of Edom & Moab & Ammon & Tyre & Sidon, & the Isles of the sea, & Arabia & Zimri, & all the kings of Elam, & all the kings of the Medes, & all the kings of the north, & the king of Sesack: & that after 70 years he would \also/ punish the king of Babylon. Here in numbring the nations which should suffer he omitts the Assyrians as fallen already, & names the kings of Elam or Persa {sic}, & Sesack or Susa, as distinct from those of the Medes and Babylonians: & therefore the Persians were not yet subdued by the Medes, nor the king of Susa by the Chaldeans. And as by the punishment of the king of Babylon, he means the conquest of Babylon by the Medes: so by the punishment of the Medes, he seems to mean the conquest of Babylon \the Medes/ by Cyrus.

After this, in the beginning of the reign of Zedekiah, that is, in the ninth year of Nebuchadnezzar, God threatned that he would give the kingdoms of Edom & Moab & Ammon & Tyre & Zidon into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, & that all the nations should serve him & his son & his son's son untill the time of his land should come, & many nations & great kings should serve themselves of him (Ier. XXVII.) And at the same time God thus predicted the approaching conquest of the Persians by the Medes & their confederates. Behold, saith he, I will break the bow of Elam the chief of their might. And upon Elam will I bring the four winds from the four quarters of heaven, & will scatter them towards all those winds, & there shall be no nation whither the outcasts of Elam shall not come. For I will cause Elam to be dismayed before their enemies & before them that seek their life: & I will bring evill upon them even my fierce anger, saith the Lord, & I will send the sword after them till I have consumed them. And I will set my throne in Elam, & will destroy from thence the King & the Prince, saith the Lord. But it shalll come to pass in the latter days (vizt in the reign of Cyrus) that I will bring again the captivity of Elam saith the Lord. Ier. XLIX.54. The Persians were therefore hitherto a free nation under their own king, but soon after this were invaded subdued captivated & dispersed into the nations round about, & continued in servitude untill the reign of Cyrus. And since the Medes & Chaldeans did not conquer the Persians till after the ninth year of Nebuchadnezzar: it gives us occasion to enquire what that active warrior Cyaxeres was doing in the ten years next after the taking of Nineveh.

<263r>

Now Herodotus tells us that presently after that conquest Cyaxeres drave out of his kingdom the remainder of the Scythians who had reigned in Asia 28 years, & made them retire through the regions between the Caspian & Euxine seas into the regions of Scythia neare the Lake Mœotis, & warred wth Alyattes king of Lydia five years, conquering all the regions between them as far as to the river Halys. For so far the Empire of the Assyrians had extended. And that in the sixt year of this war in the time of a battel, the two armies were parted by a total Eclips of the Sun which was predicted by Thales, & then the two kings made peace by the mediation of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon & Syennesis king of Cilicia, & the peace was ratified by a marriage between Astyages the son of Cyaxeres & Ariene the daughter of Alyattes. This total Eclips fell upon the year of Nabonassar 147 Apr. 28 between 9 & 10 \of the clock/ in the morning, as the calculation shews. And therefor the war with Alyattes began in the year of Nabonassar 142 wch was the fourth year of Iehojakim, the very same year in wch Nebuchadnezzar came against Pharaoh Nechaoh & invaded Syria. These two kings therefore as soon as they had taken & destroyed Nineveh, went westward & expelled the Scythians in those parts, & seized all the western provinces of \the/ Assyrians in Armenia, Pontus, Cappadocia, Syria Palestine & Arabia Petrea: & then making peace with Alyattes king of Lydia, they went eastward, & in the reign of Zedekiah conquered the Persians.

Afterwards, in the eleventh year of Zedekiah's reign or nineteenth of Nebuchadnezzar, Ezekiel comparing the kingdoms of the east to trees in the garden of Eden, thus mentions their being conquered by the kings of the Medes & Chad|l|deans. Behold, saith he, the Assyrian was a cedar in Lebanon with fair brancheshis height was exalted above all the trees of the field – & under his shadow dwelt all great nationsno tree in the garden of God was like unto him in his beautybut I have delivered him into the hand of the mighty one of the heathenI made the nations to shake at the sound of his falll when I cast him down to to {sic} the grave with them that descend into the pit. And all the trees of Eden, the choise & best of Lebanon, all that drink water, shall be comforted in the nether parts of the earth. They also went down into the grave with him, unto them that be slain with the sword, & they that were his arm, that dwelt under his shadow in the midst of the heathen. Ezek. XXXI.

The next year Ezekiel in another Prophesy, thus enumerates the principal nations who had been subdued & slaughtered by the conquering sword of Cyaxeres and Nebuchadnezzar. Ashur is there & all her company [vizt in Hades or the lower parts of the earth where the dead bodies lay buried] his graves are about him, all of them slain fallen by the swordwhich caused their terror in the land of the living. There is Elam [or Persia] & all her multitude round about her grave, all of them slain, fallen by the sword wch are gone down uncircumcised into the nether parts of the earth, which caused their terror in the land of the living: yet have they born their shame with them that go down into the pitThere is Meshech Tubal & all her multitude [the Scythians] her graves are round <264r> about him, all of them uncircumcised, slain by the sword, tho they caused their terror in the land of the living. There is Edom, her kings, & all her Princes which with their might are laid by them that were slain by the sword. – There be the Princes of the north all of them, & all the Zidonians, which with their terror are gone down with the slain. Ezek. XXXII. Here by the Princes of the north I understand those on the north of Iudea, & chiefly the Princes of Armenia & Cappadocia who fell in the warrs wch Cyaxeres made in conquering those countries. Elam or Persia was conquered by the Medes & Susiana by the Babylonians after the ninth & before the ninetheenth year of Nebuchadnezzar. And therefore we cannot err much if we place these conquests in the twelft or fourteenth year of Nebuchadnezzar. In the nineteenth twentith & one & twentith year of this king he invaded & a[259] conquered Iudea, Moab, Ammon, Edom, the Philistims, & Zidon; & b[260] the next year he besieged Tyre & after a siege of 13 years he took it in the 35th year of his reign, & then he c[261] invaded & conquered Libya Egypt, Ethiopia & Libya (Ier. 27.3, 6. Ezek 21.19, 20 & 25.2, 8, 12 & 26.2, & 29.17, 19 & 30.4, 5 And about \eighteen or/ twenty years after the death of this king, Darius the Mede conquered the kingdom of Sardes, & after five or six years more he invaded & conquered the Empire of Babylon & thereby finished the work of propagating the Medo-Persian Monarchy over all Asia, as Æschylus represents.

Now this is that Darius who coined a great number of pieces of pure gold called Darics or Stateres Darici. For Suidas Harpocration & the Scholiast of Aristophanes tell us that these were coined not by the father of Xerxes but by an earlier Darius, by Darius the first, by the first king of the Medes & Persians who coyned gold money. They were stamped on one side with the Effigies of an Archer crowned who had a bow in \his/ left hand & an arrow in his right & was cloathed with a long robe. ffor I have seen one of them in gold & another in silver. They were of the same weight & value with the Attic stater or piece of gold money weighing two Attic drag|c|hms|.|, or Darius seems to have learnt the art & use of money from the conquered kingdom of the Lydians, & to have recoined their gold. For the Medes before they conquered the Lydians, had no money. Herodotus tells \us/[262] that when Crœsus was preparing to invade Cyrus, a certain Lydian called Sandanis advised Crœsus that he was preparing an ep|x|pedition against a nation who were cloathed with leather breeches & made all their garments of leather, who eat not such victuals as they would but such as their barren country afforded, who drank no wine but water only, who eat no figgs nor other good meat, who had nothing to lose but might get much from the Lydians. For the Persians, saith Herodotus, before they conquered the Lydians had nothing rich or valuable. And Isaias tells us[263] that the Medes regarded not silver nor desired gold. But the Lydians & Phrygians were exceeding rich even to a proverb. [264]Midas & Crœsus, saith Pliny, in infinitum possederant. Iam Cyrus devicta Asia [auri] pondo 34000 millia invenerat præter vasa aurea aurumqꝫ factum, et in eo folia ac platanum vitemqꝫ Qua victoria argenti quinquaginta millia talentorum reportavit, et craterem Semiramidis cujus pondo quindecim talentorum colligebat. Talentum autem Ægyptium pondo ctoginta capere Varro tradit. What the Conqueror did with all this gold & silver appears by the Daricks. The Lydians, according to Herodotus,[265] were the first who coined gold & silver, <265r> and Crœsus coined gold moneys in plenty called Crœsei, & it was not reasonable that the money of the kings of Lydia should continue current after the overthrow of their kingdom: & therefore Darius recoined it with his own effigies in form of an archer, but without altering the current weight & value. So then he reigned from before the conquest of Sardes till after the conquest of Babylon.

The conquest of Asia minor put the Greeks into fear of the Medes. For Theognis who lived at Megara in the very times of these wars, writes thus

Πίνωμεν χαρίεντα μετ᾽ ἀλλήλοισι λεγοντες

Μηδὴν τὸν Μηδων δειδιότες πόλεμον.

Let us drink talking pleasant things wth one another,

Not fearing the war of the Medes.

And again

Αὐτὸς δὲ στρατὸν ὑβριστὴν Μήδων ἀπέρυκε

Της δε πόλε

Thou Apollo, drive away the injurious army of the Medes

From this city, that the people may with joy

Send thee choise hecatombs in the spring

Delighted with the Harp & chearfull feasting,

And choruses of Pæans, & acclamations about thy Altar.

For truly I am afraid, beholding the folly

And sedition of the Greeks wch corrupts the people. But thou Apollo

Being propitious keep this our city.

The Poet tells us further that discord had destroyed Magnesia Colophon & Smyrna (cities of Ionia & Phrygia) & would destroy the Greeks: which is as much as to say that the Medes had then conquered those cities.

The Medes therefore reigned till the taking of Sardes. And further, according to Xenophon, they & the Scriptures, they reigned till the taking of Babylon. For Xenophon tells us[266] that after the taking of Babylon Cyrus went to the king of the Medes at Ecbatane & succeeded him in the kingdom. And Ierome[267] that Babylon was taken by Darius king of the Medes & his kinsman Cyrus. And the scriptures tell us that Babylon was destroyed by a nation out of the north (Ier. 50.3, 9, 41) by the kingdoms of Ararat Minni (or Armenia) & Ashchenaz (or Phrygia minor. Ier LI.27) by the Medes (Isa. XIII.17, 19) by the kings of the Medes & the captains & rulers thereof & all the land of his dominion (Ier LI.11, 28.) The kingdom of Babylon was numbred & finished & broken & given to the Medes & Persians (Dan. V.) first to the Medes under Darius & then to the Persians under Cyrus. ffor Darius reigned over Babylon like a conqueror, not observing the laws of the Babylonians, but introducing the immutable laws of the conquering nations the Medes & Persians (Dan. VI.8, 12, 15:) & the Medes in his reign are set before the Persians (Dan ib. et V.28, & VIII.20) as the Persians were afterwards in the reign of Cyrus & his successors set before the Medes (Esther I.3, 14, 18, 19. Dan. X.1, 20 & XI.2) which shews that in the reign of Darius the Medes were uppermost.

You may know also by the great number of Provinces in the kingdom of Darius that he was king of the Medes & Persians. For upon the conquest of Babylon he set over the whole kingdom an hundred & twenty Princes (Dan. VI.I) & afterwards when Cambyses & Darius Hystaspes had added some new <266r> territories, the whole conteined but 127 Provinces (Esther I.1.)

The same thing is also confirmed by Iosephus a[268] who writes that Cyrus king [or Satrapa] of the Persians & Darius king of the Medes made war upon Balthassar whom the Babylonians called Naboandel, & besiegd him in Babylon the handwriting appearing on the wall the night on which the city was taken, & that Darius being 62 years old, overthrew the kingdom of Babylon by the help of his kinsman Cyrus, & carried back Daniel with him into Media & there had him in great honour, & that Daniel built at b[269] Susa a very beautifull & admirable Tower in wch the kings of the Medes Persians & Parthians were afterwards buried, & which continued entire & was kept by Priests of the Iewish nation until the days of Iosephus.

When therefore the Angel told Daniel[270] that he would return to fight with the king of Persia, for when he was gone forth the king of Prince of Greece should come, & that in the first year of Darius he stood to confirm & to strengthen him: the meaning is that he had assisted Darius in warring against the Persians Chaldeans & was in like manner to assist the Greeks in warring against the Persians.

The Persians about the middle of the reign of Zedekiah being conquered by the Medes continued in subjection under them till the end of the reign of Darius: & Cyrus who was of the royall family of the Medes Persians, might be Satrapa of Persia & command a body of their forces under Darius but was not yet an absolute & independent king. But after the taking of Babylon, when he had a victorious army at his devotion & Darius was returned into Media, he revolted from Darius in conjunction wth the Persians under him, being encouraged \a[271] they being incited/ thereunto by Harpagus a Mede, whom Xenophon calls Artagerses & Artabanus, & who had assisted Cyrus in conquering Crœsus & Asia minor, & governed that country & had been injured by Cyrus Darius. The last battel between Darius & Cyrus |Harpagus was sent by Darius with an army against Cyrus, & in the middst of a battel revolted to him. Darius got up a fresh army, & the next they fought again. This last battel| was fought at Pasargadæ in Persia. according to b[272] Strabo. \And there/ There Harpagus with the forces under him revolted from Darius to Cyrus, & Darius was beaten & taken prisoner by Cyrus, & the monarchy was by this victory translated to the Persians. The last king of the Medes is by Xenophon called Cyaxeres & by Herodotus Astyages the father of Mandane; but those kings were dead before, & Daniel lets us know that Darius was the true name of the last king|, & Herodotus that the last king was in this manner beaten by Cyrus & therefore Cyrus revolted from Darius either in the same year in wch he took Babylon, or in the beginning of the next year.|

This victory over Darius was about two years after the taking of Babylon. For the reign of Nabonadius the last king of the Chaldees, whom Iosephus calls Naboandel & Belshazzar, ended in the year of Nabonassar 210, nine years before the death of Cyrus according to the Canon. But after the translation of the kingdom of the Medes to the Persians, Cyrus reigned only seven years according to Xenophon;[273] & spending the seven winter months yearly at Babylon, the three spring months at Susa & the two summer months at Ecbatane, he came the seventh time into Persia & died there in Spring & was buried at Pasargadæ. By the Canon & the common consent of all Chronologers he died in the year of Nabonassar 219, & therefore \beat Darius the first time in the year of Nabonassar 211 &/ conquered Darius in the year of Nabonassar 212 seventy & two years after the destruction of Nineveh. And therefore being at his death seventy years old according to Herodotus, he was born in the year of Nabonassar 149, his mother Mandane being the sister of Cyaxeres at that time a young man, & also the sister of Amyite the wife of Nebuchadnezzar, & his <267r> father Cambyses being of the old royal family of the Persians. Some tell us that Cyrus reigned thirty years, but they seem to include all the time that he commanded the armies of the kingdom as well before his victory over Darius under Darius as after his reign.

The war between Cyaxeres & Alyattes & the total Eclips of the Sun predicted by Thales, are by Chronologers placed sixteen years later then I have placed them, & I leave this matter to be further examined.

<268r>

do not find recorded. One of them seems tobe that Nebuchadnezzar who is mentioned in the book of Iudeth: for the history of that king suits wth these times. For Nebuchadnezzar in the twelft year of his reign made war upon Arphaxad king of the Medes & in that war was left alone by a defection of the auxiliary nations of Cilicia, Damascus, Syria, Phœnicia, Moab, Ammon & Egypt, & without their help routed the army of the Medes & slew Arphaxad in the 17th year of his reign as is mentioned in the book of Iudeth. And Herodotus tells the same story of a king of Assyria who routed the Medes & slew their king whom he calls Phraortes, & saith that in the time of this war the Assyrians were left alone by the defection of the auxiliary nations, being otherwise in good condition. Arphaxad was therefore the Phraortes of Herodotus & by consequence was slain in or near the beginning of the reign of Iosiah. For this war was made after Phœnicia, Moab Ammon & Egypt had been conquered & revolted (Iudeth 1.7, 8, 9) & by consequence after the reign of Asserhaddon who conquered them. It was made when the Iews were newly returned from captivity & the vessels & altar & temple were sanctified after the profanation (Iu{illeg}|d|eth IV.3) that is, soon after Manasseh their king had been carried captive to Babylon by Asserhaddon, & upon the death of that king or some other change in ye Assyrian Empire had been released from \with/ ye Iews from that captivity & had repaired the altar & restored the sacrifices & worship of the temple. {(}2 Chron. XXXII.11, 13, 16.)

After this war, Nebuchad\o/n{illeg}osor king of Assyria in the 18th year of his reign sent his captain Olofernes with a great army to avenge himself on all the west country because they had disobeyed his commandment, & Olofernes went forth with an army of 12000 horse & 120000 foot of Assyrians Medes & Persians & reduced Cilicia & Mesopotamia & Syria & Damascus & part of Arabia & Ammon & Edom & Madian & then came against Iudæa. And this was done when the government was in the hands of the High Priest & Ancients of Israel (Iudeth IV.8 & VII.23) & by consequence when Iosiah was a child. In times of prosperity the children of Israel were apt to go after false Gods & in times of affliction to repent & turn to the Lord. So Manasses a very wicked king being captivated by the Assyrians repented & being released from captivity restored the worship of the true God. And so when we are told that Iosiah in the eighth year of his reign while he was yet young began to seek after the God of David his father (2 Chron. XXIV.3) & in the twelft year of his reign began to purge Iudah & Ierusalem from Idolatry & to destroy the high places & groves & altars & images of Baalim, we may understand that these acts of religion were occasioned by impending dangers & escapes from danger. When Olofernes came against the western nations & spoiled them, then were the Iews terrified, & they fortified Iudæa & cried unto God with great fervency & humbled themselves in sackcloth & put ashes on their heads & cried unto the God of Israel that he would not give their wives & their children & cities for a prey & the Temple for a profanation: & the High Priest & all the Priests put on sackcloth & ashes & offered daily burnt offerings wth vows & free gifts of the people (Iudeth IV) & then began Iosiah to seek after the God of his father David. And after Iudeth had slain Olofernes, & the Assyrians were fled & the Iews who pursued them were returned to Ierusalem, they worshipped the Lord <269r> and offered burnt offerings & free offerings & gifts & continued feasting before the sanctuary for the space of three months (Iudeth XVI.18) & then did Iosiah purge Iudah & Ierusalem from Idolatry. Whence it seems to me that the 18th year of Nebuchadonosor fell in wth the \7th or/ 8th of Iosiah, & by consequence the twelft of Iosiah with the two or three & twentith of Nebuchadonosor.

[274]At that time the Scythians under Madyas or Medus \having/ invaded Media & beat the Medes in battel, & went thence towards Egypt but were met in Phœnicia by Psammiticus & bought off & returning reigned over a great part of Asia but in the end of about 28 years were many of them slain in a feast by the Medes under the conduct of Cyaxeres just before the destruction of Nineveh & the rest fled, I think to their brethren in Parthia.

The last king of Assyria \called Saracus by Polyhistor/ was contemporary to Nabopolasser king of Babylon & to Astyages king of the Medes For Nabopolasser married his son Nebuchadnezzar to Amyite the daughter of Astyages. And by this marriage having contracted affinity, they conspired against the Assyrians, & being old, their sons Nebuchadnezzar & Cyaxeres led the armies of the two nations against Nineveh, \forced Saracus to burn himself/ destroyed the city & shared the kingdom of the Assyrians. This victory the Iews refer to the Chaldeans, the Greeks to the Medes, Tobit, Polyhistor, Iosephus & Ctesias to both. It gave a beginning to the great successes of Nebuchadnezzar & Cyaxeres, & laid the foundation of the two collateral Empires of the Babylonians & Medes, these being branches of the Assyrian empire. And thence the time of the fall of the Assyrian empire is determined the conquerors being then in their youth. In the reign of Iosiah when Zephany prophesied, Nineveh & the kingdom of Assyria were standing & their fall was predicted by that prophet (Zeph. I.1, & II.13.) & in the end of his reign Pharaoh Nechoh king of Egypt the successor of Psammiticus went up against the king of Assyria to the river Euphrates to fight against Carchemish or Circutium & in his way thither slew Iosiah (2 King. XXIII.29. 2 Chron. XXXV.20.) But in the third & fourth year of Iehojakim the successor of Iosiah, the two conquerors, having taken Nineveh & finished their war in Assyria, prosecuted the conquest westwards, & leading their victorious forces against the king of Egypt as an invader of their right of conquest, they beat him at Carchemish, & took from him whatever he had newly taken from the Assyrians (2 King. XXIV.7. Ier. XLVI.2. Eupolemus apud Euseb. Præp. l. 9. c. 39.) & therefore we cannot err above a year \or two/ if we referr the destruction of Nineveh & fall of the Assyrian empire to the second year of Iehojakim, Anno Nabonass. 140.

While the Assyrians reigned at Nineveh Persia was divided into several kingdoms. And amongst others there was a \potent/ kingdom of Elam which flourished in ye days of Hezekiah, Manasses, Iosiah & Iehojakim kings of Iudah & fell in the days of Zedekiah, (Ier 25.25 & Ezek 49.34 & Ezek. 32.\24./) This kingdom seems to have been very potent & to have exended eastward & northward as far as the river Oxus wch runs westward into the Caspian

<271r>

[275]the prophet Hosea in the time of that interregnum or soon after mentions the King of Assyria by the name of Iarib. And perhaps there might be a king of Assyria called Iarib: but whether he preceded or succeeded Pul is uncertain. And if he preceded him, yet it appears not that he carried on his conquests beyond these bounds the Province of Assyria. Pul seems to be the first who carried on his conquests beyond those bounds. He {conquered Calneh} with its territories in the reign of Ieroboam (Isa 10.8, 9. Amos \1.1 &/ 6.2) & soon after invaded Israel in the reign of Menahen (2 King. 15.19) but stayed not in the land, being bought off by Menahen for a thousand talents of silver. In his reign therefore the kingdom of Assyria was advanced on this side Tigris. For he was a great warrior & seems to have conquered Haran & Carchemish & Reseph & Calneh & Thalasser & all Chaldea & founded or enlarged the city Babylon & {illeg} left it under Deputy Kings. For the Æra of Nabonasser (the first of those kings in the Canon) began soon after the reign of this king: and Isaiah who lived & prophesied in the days of Pul & \his/ successors thus describes the founding of Babylon. Behold, saith he, the land of the Chaldeans; this people was not till the Assyrian founded it for them that dwell in the wilderness [that is for the Arabians,] they set up the towers thereof, they raised up the palaces thereof. Isa. XXIII.13. And the short reigns of the first eleven kings make it probable that they were but deputy Princes put in & out at the pleasure of ye Kings of Assyria. [276]This city is said to have been built by Semiramis, \& one of the gates {thereof} was called the Gate of Semiramis. She was/ the widdow of the first or second king of Assyria, a woman (as Herodotus relates) five generations {illeg} older then Nitocris the widdow of \{illeg} the son of Nebuchadnezzar/ Nebuchadnezzar \mother of Labynitus or Nabonnedus the last king of Babylon, & therefore \she was/ contemporary to Tiglathpileser. And probably she might reign in Babylon next before Nabonassar. The short reigns of the first ten kings who succeeded her & Nabonassar make it probable that they were but deputy Princes put in & out at the pleasure of the king of Assyria. Then reigned Asserhadon & those that succeeded him appear by their long reigns to have been kings for life./ These Princes reigned at Babylon before Asserhadon: those that succeeded him appear by their long reigns to have been Princes \Kings/ for life.

Tiglathpileser warred in Phœnicia & captivated Galile wth the two Tribes & an half in the days of Pekah king of Israel & placed them in Halath & Habor & Hara & at the river Gozan, places lying in the western borders of Media between Assyria & the Caspian Sea (2 King. XV.29. 1 Chron. V.26) & about the fift or sixt year of Nabonassar he came to the assistance of the king of Iudah against the kings of Assyria Israel & Syria, & overthrew the kingdom of Syria wch had been seated at Damascus ever since the days of king David, & carried away the Syrians to Kir \in Media/, as Amos had prophesied & placed \the Medes &/ other nations in the regions of Damascus (2 King. XV.37, & XVI.5, 9. \Amos I.5./ Ioseph Antiq. l. 9. c. 12|3|). Whence it seems that the Medes were conquered before, & that the Empire of the Assyrians was now grown great. For the God of Israel still stirred up the spirit of Pul king of Assyria & the spirit of Tiglathpilaser king of Assyria to make war. 1 Chron. V.26.

Salmanasser (called Enemesser by Tobit (chap. 1) \& Sargon by Isaias (ch. XX.1)/ invaded a[277] all Phœnicia, took the city Samaria, & captivated Israel & placed them b[278] in Chalach & Chabor \[&]/ by the river Gozan, & in the cities of the Medes, & b[279] peopled Samariah with captives brought from Babylon, & from Cutha or Susa, & from Ava |or Iva,| & from Hamath or Antioch & from Sepharvaim, & therefore reigned over those cities & over the Medes. And Hosea c[280] seems to say that he took Arbela. And his successor Sennacherib d[281] saith that his fathers had conquered also Gozan & Haran (or Carrhæ) & Reseph (or Resen) & the children of Eden & Arpad or {Aradis}

<272r>

Sennacherib \called Sargon by Isaias (chap XX.1)/ in the 14th year of Hezekiah invaded Phœnicia, & took several cities of Iudah & attempted Egypt, & Tirhakah \& Sethon/ kings of Ethiopia & Egypt coming against him, he lost in one night 185000 men, as some say, by a plague \or a fiery wind/, as others, by being disarmed by mise or perhaps surprized by Tirhakah \& Sethon/; & returning in hast to Nineveh was there slain soon after by two of his sons who fled into Armenia, & his son Asserhadon succeeded him. At that time did Merodach-Baladan or Mardocempad King of Babylon, send an embassy to Hezekiah king of Iudah.

Asserhadon, corruptly called Sarehedon by Tobit \(ch. I.21)/ & {Assardan} by the seventy, & Sargon by Isaias (Tobit. I.21. Isa. XX.1{sic} peopled Samaria with captives brought from several parts of Assyria, the Dinaites, the Apharasathchites, the Tarpelites, the Apharsites, the Archevites, the Babylonians, the Susanchites, the Dehavites, the Elamites (Ezra IV.2, 9) & therefore reigned over all these nations. [282]In the year of Nabonasser 68 he put an end to an interregnum of eight years standing \at Babylon/ & began to reign over that city in person. He \Then he/ invaded Iudæa, took Azot, carried Manasses captive to Babylon, & captivated also Egypt & Thebais & Ethiopia above Thebais, & by this war he seems to have put an end to the reign of the Ethiopians over Egypt.

And now the Assyrian Empire seems arrived at its greatness, being united under one Monarch, & conteining Assyria, Media, Apolloniatis, Susiana, Chaldæa, Mesopotamia, \{Cappadocia}/ Cilicia, Syria, Phœnicia, Egypt, Ethiopia, & part of Arabia, & reaching eastward into Elymais & Parætacene. For Strabo reccons these two among the Provinces to which the Monarchy had given the name of Assyria, & Herodotus makes Parætacene a province of the Medes. And if Chalach & Habor where Salmanasser placed part of the ten Tribes be Colchos & Iberia (as some think) we are also to add these two Provinces with the two Armenias |Pontus & Cappadocia as far as the river Halys.|

Asserhadon seems to be the Sardanapalus who reigned over Media & Babylonia till those nations revolted, the name Sardanapalus being derived from Asser-hadon-pul. Cleitarchus a[283] saith that he died of old age after he had lost his dominion over Syria; others say that he slew himself. The Scythians of Turan or Turquestan beyond the river Oxus, began in those days to infest Persia. And perhaps by one of their inrodes might give occasion to the revolt & by another to the interregnum at Babylon above mentioned. Herodotus represents that the Medes revolted first & by force of arms defended their liberty & gave occasion to {illeg} other nations to revolt, & elected Dejoces their king & built Ecbatane. And perhaps they might revolt oftener then once. For others say that they revolted under the conduct of Arbaces \Arbaces/ who was a Mede & one of the general commanders of the forces of Sardanapalus. & who In the book of Iudeth (if I mistake not) \he/ is called Arphaxad. For Arphaxad is there said to have built Ecbatane \& therefore reigned soon after the revolt./ Arbaces was encouraged to revolt by the luxurious & effeminate life of his king, & conspired with Belisis another commander of the Assyrian forces. And Eusebius tells us that the writers of the Babylonian affairs say that Arbaces made Belisis king of the Assyrians. I suppose he meanes, king of so much of the Assyrian Empire as after the revolt of the nations remained in subjection to Nineveh. This revolution happened in the <273r> year of Nabonassar 81. For at {that} time Asserhadon was succeeded at Babylon by Saosduchinus. And by this revolution Manasses was set atliberty to return home & fortify Ierusalem. And the Egyptians also, after the Assyrians had reigned three years over them (Isa. XX.3, 4) were set at liberty & created twelve contemporary kings over themselves \as above/. These kings reigned fifteen years, & then one of them called Psammiticus conquered all the rest, & reduced Egypt again into a monarchy, & built the last Portico of the temple of Vulcan founded by Menes, but made Sais the seat of his kingdom. He died in the 131th year of Nabonnassar, & was succeeded by his son Pharaoh Nechao.

Sardanapalus is said to have built Tarsus & Anchiale in one day & to have been the son of Anacyndaraxes \or Cyndaraxis/ or as others name him, Anabaxaris. I suppose they mean Sennacherib. The kings who reigned after him in Media were Dejoces, Phraortes, Astyages, Cyaxeres & Darius; those at Babylon were Saosduchinus, Chiniladon, Nabopolasser & Nebuchadnezzar with his sons: & those at Nineveh, I think, were Belesis \Saosduchinus/, Nebuchadonosor & Saracus. By Nebuchadonosor I understand that the king of Assyria who is mentioned in the book of Iudeth. For the history of that king suits with these times. For \there it is said that/ Nebuchadonosor in the twelft year of his reign made war upon Arphaxad king of the Medes & in that year was \then/ left alone by a defection of the auxiliary nations of Cilicia, Damascus, Syria, Phœnicia, Moab, & Ammon, & Egypt, & without their help routed the army of the Medes & slew Arphaxad; in the 17th year of his reign as is mentioned in the book of Iudeth. |& Arphaxad is \there/ said to have built Ecbatane & therefore was either Dejoces or his son Praortes who might finish the City founded by Dejoces.| And Herodotus tells the same story of a king of Assyria who routed the Medes & slew their king whom he calls Phraortes, & saith that in the time of this war the Assyrians were left alone by the defection of the auxiliary nations, being otherwise in good condition. Arphaxad was therefore the Phraortes of Herodotus, & by consequence was slain in or neare the beginning of the reign of Iosiah. For this war was made in or neare the beginning of the reign of Iosiah after Phœnicia Moab Ammon & Egypt had been conquered & revolted (Iudeth I.7, 8, 9) & by consequence after the reign of Asserhadon who conquered them. It was made when the Iews were newly returned from captivity, & the vessels & altar & temple were sanctified after the prof{illeg}anation (Iudeth IV.3) that is, soon after \Manasseh/ their king had been carried captive to Babylon by Asserhadon, & upon the death of that king or some other change in ye Assyrian Empire had been released with the Iews from that captivity, & had repaired the altar & restored the sacrifices & worship of the Temple (2 Chron. XXXII.11, 13, 16.) |In the greek version of the book of Iudeth \(ch. V:18)/ it is said that the Temple of God was then cast to the grownd, but this is not said in Ierom's version, & in both \the Greek/ versions (ch. IV.3 \& XVI.20)/{sic} the it \is/ said that the vessels & the altar & the house were then sanctified after the prophanation, & in both Versions (ch. IV.11) the Temple is represented standing. This war was made when the goernment was in the hands of the High Priest & Elders of Israel \ch. IV.6, 8)/ & by consequence, not in the reign of Manasses or Amon but in the minority of Iosiah.|

After this war, Nebuchadonosor king of Assyria in the 18|3|th year of his reign \(according to the Version of Ierome)/ sent his captain Olofernes with a great army to avenge himself on all the west country because they had disobeyed his commandment, & Olofernes went forth with an army of 12000 horse & 120000 foot of Assyrians Medes & Persians & reduced Cilicia & Mesopotamia & Syria & Damascus & part of Arabia & Ammon & Edom & Madian & then came against Iudæa. And this was done when the government was in the hands of the High Priest & Ancients of Israel (Iudeth IV.8 & VII.23) & by consequence \not in the reign of Manasses or Amon but/ when Iosiah was a child. In times of prosperity the children of Israel were apt to go after false Gods, & in times of affliction to repent & turn to the Lord. So Manasses a very wicked king, being captivated by the Assyrians, repented, & being released <274r> from captivity restored the worship of the true God. And so when we are told that Iosiah in the eighth year of his reign while he was yet young began to seek after the God of David his father (2 Chron XXXIV.3) & in the twelft year of his reign began to purge Iudah & Ierusalem from Idolatry & to destroy the High Places & Groves & Altars & Images of Baalim, we may understand that these acts of religion were occasioned by impending dangers & escapes from danger. When Olofernes came against the western nations & spoiled them, then were the Iews terrified, & they fortified Iudæa & cried unto \the/ God of Israel God with great fervency, & humbled themselves in sackcloth & put ashes on their heads, & cried unto the God of Israel that he would not give their wives & their children & cities for a prey & the Temple for a profanation: & the High Priest & all the Priests put on sackcloth & ashes & offered daily burnt offerings with vows & free gifts of the people (Iudeth IV) & then began I{illeg}|o|siah to seek after the God of his father David. And after Iudeth had slain Olofernes, & the Assyrians were fled & the Iews who pursued them were returned to Ierusalem they worshipped the Lord and offered burnt offerings & gifts & continued feasting before the sanctuary for the space of three | 2 months (Iudeth XVI.18) & then did Iosiah purge Iudah & Ierusalem from idolatry. \/ < insertion from f 273v > ✝ Whence it seems to me that the eighth year of Iosiah fell in with the fourteenth or fifteenth of Nebuchadonosor, & {b} that the twelft year of Nebuchadonosor in wch Phraortes was slain, was the 5th or6th of Iosiah. Phraortes reigned 22 years according to Herodotus, & therefore succeeded his father Dejoces about the 40th year of Manasses. Dejoces reigned 53 years according to Herodotus, & these years began in the 16th year of Hezekiah, which makes it prob | ssable that the Medes dated them from the time of their revolt. And according to all this recconing the reign of Nebuchadonosor fell in with that of Chiniladon: wch makes it probable that they were but two names of one & the same king. For in the book of Iudeth I do not find the Babylonians among the revolting nations. < text from f 274r resumes > Whence it seems to me that the eighth year of Iosiah fell in with the 13th or 20th \or {sic} 14th or 15th of/ year of Nebuchadonosor, [& by consequence the twelft year of Iosiah was the three or four & twentieth \seventeenth or eighteenth of that king./ {sic} of Nebuchadonosor: unless you had rather say that Iosiah in the eighth year of his reign, upon his being delivered from the Assyrians, began to seek the Lord; & in the twelft year of his reign upon his being delivered from the Scythians, reformed Iudea from Idolatry.

[284]For in those days \Soon after the death of Phraortes/, the Scythians under Madyes or Medus, having invaded Media & beat the Medes in battel went thence towards Egypt but were met in Phœnicia by Psammiticus & bought off, & returning reigned over a great part of Asia: but in the end of about 28 years were many of them slain in a feast by the Medes under the conduct of Cyaxeres just before the destruction of Nineveh, & the rest fled I think to their brethren in Parthia.

The last king of Assyria, called Saracus by Polyhistor, was contemporary to Nabopolasser king of Babylon, & to Astyages king \the successor of Phroartes in the kingdom/ of the Medes. For Nebuchadnezzar the son of Nabopolasser married Amyite the daughter of Astyages. And by this marriage the two kings having contracted affinity they conspired against the Assyrians, & being old, their sons Nebuchadnezzar & Cyaxeres led the armies of the two nations against Nineveh, caused A \slew/ Saracus, to set fire to his palace & burn himself therein, destroyed the city & shared the kingdom of the Assyrians. This victory the Iews refer to the Chaldeans, the Greeks to the Medes, Tobit, Polyhistor Iosephus & Ctesias to both. It gave a beginning to the great successes of Nebuchadnezzar & Cyaxeres, & laid the foundation of the two collateral Empires of the Babylonians & Medes, these being branches of the Assyrian Empire. And thence the time of the fall of the Assyrian Empire is determined, the conquerors being then in their youth. In the reign of <275r> Iosiah when Zephany prophesied, Nineveh & the kingdom of Assyria were standing, & their fall was predicted by that Prophet (Zeph. I.1 & II.13) & in the end of his reign Pharaoh Nechoh king of Egypt the successor of Psammiticus went up against the king of Assyria to the river Euphrates to fight against Carchemish or Circutium, & in his way thither slew Iosiah (2 King XXIII.29. 2 Chron. XXXV.20.) \& therefore the last king of Assyria was not yet slain./ But in the third & fourth year of Iehojakim the successor of Iosiah, the two conquerors having taken Nineveh & finished their war in Assyria prosecuted the conquest westward & leading their forces against the king of Egypt as an invader of their right of conquest, they beat him at Carchemish & took from him what ever he had newly taken from the Assyrians, (2 King. XXIV.7. Ier. XLVI.2. Eupolemus apud Esub Euseb. Præp. l. 9. c. 39) & therefore we cannot err above a year or two if we refer the destruction of Nineveh & fall of the Asyrian Empire to the second year of Iehojakim Anno Nabonass. 140.

Wile the Assyrians reigned at Nineveh Persia was divided into several kingdoms. And amongst others there was a kingdom of Elam wch flourished in the days of Hezekiah, Manasses, Iosiah & Iehojakim kings of Iudah & fell in the days of Zedekiah (Ier XXV.25 & 49 XLIX.34. & Ezek. XXXII.24.) This kingdom seems to have been potent, & to have had wars with the kings of Touran or Scythia beyond the river Oxus with various success, & at length to have been subdued by the Medes |& Babylonians, or some of them.| ffor while Nebuchadnezzar warred in the west Cyaxeres \recovered the Assyrian Provinces of Armenia \Pontus/ & Cappadocia & then they/ went eastward against the Provinces of Persia |& Parthia|. Whether the Pischdadians whom the Persians reccon to have been their oldest kings, were kings of this kingdom \of Persia/ or of the Assyrians I leave to be examined.

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[1] De nat. deor l. 3

[2] Hymn. 1 in Iovem.

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[3] Pausan. l. 5. c. 2, 3, 8.

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[4] See Hosea v 13 &

[5] a Annales Tyrij apud Iosephum l. 9 Antiq. c. ult.

[6] b 2 King. XVII.6, 24.

[7] Canon Ptol.

[8] a Apud Athenæū l. 12. p. 530.

[9] a Apud Athenæū l. 12. p. 530.

[10] Vol. 1. Polyglott. Hesychius. Plinius. Iosephus. lent Srn In

[11] Herod. l. 1

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[12] Herod. l. 2

[13] Cont. Ap. l. 1

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[14] a Isa 23.3. Ier 2.18

[15]

b Dionys. Afer. Perieg.

b Plin. l. 5. c. 9.

[16] c Plutarch in Iside

[17] d Diodor l. 1

[18] Cic. de Natura Deorum.

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[19] Diodor l. 3 c. 4.

[20] Diodor l. 5. c. 4.

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[21] * Aratus in Phænom. sub initio. Paulus in Act. c. 7. v. 27, 28. Moses Deut. 4.39. & 10.14. Solomon Reg. 8.27. David Psal. 139. {illeg} 7, 8. Iob c. 22. \v./ 12. Ieremiah Propheta c 23. \v./ 23, 24.

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[22] 2 Chron 14.{illeg}.8.

[23] b 2 Chron 16.8

[24] 2 Chron 14.

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[25] – d

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[26] Diodorus l

[27] b Diodor l

[28] c Deodol l 1 p. 10

[29] d Sanchoniatho apud Euseb. Præp. Ev. p 39.

[30] g Diod. lib 1

[31] h Herod l 2 c 129

[32] k Diodor l. 2|1|.

[33] a Ioseph cont. Ap. l 2. p 1069

[34] l 1. p 17, 51

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[35] g apud Euseb. Præp. Evang. l. 6. c. 10 p 277.c.

[36] a

[37] c Hæres. l. 1. sec.

[38] d Strom. l. 1. p. 34

[39] e lib 9. seu in Bocis.

[40] q Pausan in Achaicis sub finem p. 194

[41] f apud Photium p. 1063.

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[42] Apud Ioseph. Antiq. l. 10. c. 1 & in Apion. l. 1 & Euseb. l. 9. Præp.

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[43] a Herod lib j Xen: Cyrop. l. 1

[44] b Xen. Cyrop. l. 1.

[45] Ovid Metam. l. 5 fab. 5.

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[46] Ioseph. Antiq. vol. 8. c. 4.

[47] Antiq. l. 8. c. 4.

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[48] Apud Photium c 279.

[49] Fab. 274

[50] Apud Euseb. Chon {sic}. gr

[51] a Apud Strabonem lib. 14. p. ult.

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[52] Ioseph. l. 9. c. 2.

[53] Iustin l. 36.

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[54] a Apud Athenæum lib. XIII. p. 601)

[55] b Lucian in {illeg}

[56] c Porphyrius {illeg}

[57] Argonaut. l. II. v. 124.

[58] Lib. XIII. p. 601.

[59]

Pausan. l. 1. c. 2.

Hygin. Poet. Astron. in Arctophylacte.

Lactant. Placid. lib. 6. Fab. 1.

[60] Herod. l. 2. c. 50, 52

[61] Pausan. l. 1. c. 2

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[62] Herod l. 2

[63] Herod. l. 5.

[64] Strabo l. 10. p. 464, 465, 466

[65] Strom. 1.

[66] Strabo l. 10. p 475

[67] d Porphyr. in vita Pythag.

[68] e in Sacrificijs

[69] f De nat. Deor. l

[70] g Ode 1 in Iovem v. 8.

[71] Argonaut. l. 2. v. 1237

[72] Argonaut. l

[73] Hesiod

[74] Pausan. l. 5 c

[75] a Apollodor. l. 3 p. 169.

[76] b. Strabo l. 16 p. 476. Home{r} Odyss. τ vers. 179.

[77] c. Censorin c. 18

[78] Herod. l. 1. c.

[79] r Gemini c. 6.

[80] Herod l 1. c     S. Augustin. de Trin. lib. cap. IV.

[81] a \Gen. / Cicero in Verrem.

[82] b Herod l. 1. c     Plutarch in Numa Censorinus c. 2|1|8, 20.

[83] e Livius l. 1

[84] f Plutarch in Numa

[85] g Cicero in Verrem

[86] Ib. 1

[87] Herod. l. 6. c. 125, 126.

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[88] Herod. l. 2 c 18 G|C|ens. c. 18.

[89] b

[90] c

[91] d Diog. Laert. in Epimenide.

[92] e l. 7. c 6

[93] f l. 5. c. 29.

[94] cont. Ap. l. 1.

[95] in Lycurgo

[96] Hygin. fab. 274

[97] b Herod l. 2

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[98] 2 King. 24.1

[99] a Apud Diodor l. 5. c.

[100] b Dionys. l. 1. p. 15

[101] c Dionys. l. 1. p. 26, 27

[102] c Dionys. l. 1. p. 26, 27

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[103] a Homer. Odyss. l. 8. v. 292

[104] b Hesiod. Theogon. v. 945.

[105] a Homer. Odyss. l. 8. v. 292

[106] a Homer. Odyss. l. 8. v. 292

[107] b Hesiod. Theogon. v. 945.

[108] b Hesiod. Theogon. v. 945.

[109] c Herod. l. 2.

[110] d Diodor. l. 1. p. 14d

[111] b Homer Odyss l. 8. v. 292

[112] c Hesiod Theogon. v. 945

[113] d Apollodor l 3. c. 1

[114] e Apollodor l. 3. c. 6.

[115] e Apollodor l. 3. c. 6.

[116] f Homer Il. β. vers. 572.

[117] e Apollodor l. 3. c. 6.

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[118] ✝ Præp. l. 2. p. 58

[119] Diodor. l. 3.

[120] a See Marshams chron. p.

[121] a Apud Athenæum l. 12. p. 529.

[122] Ib. p. 530.

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[123] a 1 King. V.1

[124] {✝ O}d. β.

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[125] Pausan

[126] Herod. l. 2

[127] Nat. Hist. l. 2 c. 8

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[128] Cic. l. 1 de Divinat. Plin l 1 Euseb. Chron Solin c. 20

[129] Herod. l. 1

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[130] Apollonij Argonautica. lib. 1. v. 77, 78

[131] Isa. 23.

[132] {illeg}

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[133] Pausan l. 10. p. 875.

[134] Pausan l 3. p 211

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[135] a Diodorus lib. 3 cap. 4.

[136] b Plutarch in Theseo.

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[137]

88
192
40
320

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[138] a l 7 c. 56.

[139] a Euseb. Præp. l. 10 c. 9

[140] a Damaratus apud Clement Alexand. Admonit ad Gent. p. 27

[141] b Apud {illeg} {Photium} in Bibliotheca.

[142] Pausan. l. 1. c. 3

[143] Diog. Laert. p. 15. Plutarch in Solon p. 92.

[144] Hesiod. Opera l 2. v. 4, 122, 175 179

[145] a Apollodor l 3. p 169

[146] b Strabo l 16 p 476. Homer Odys. {illeg} τ. vers. 179.

[147] c Censorin. c. 18.

[148] c Censorin. c. 18.

[149] Cic. in Verrem.

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[150] Tatian Orat. c. 5 Euseb. Præp. l. 10. c. 11. Lætus apud Clement Strom. l. 1 p. 326.

[151] Ioseph. cont. Ap. l. 1

[152] Strabo l. 7 p. 321.

[153] Herod. l. 7

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[154] a Diodor. l. 1 c. 2.

[155] a Diodor. l. 1 c. 2.

[156] b Diodor. l. 1. c. 3.

[157] c Herod l. 2

[158] d Deodol. l 1 c. 2.

[159] d Deodol. l 1 c. 2.

[160] e Diodor

[161] Plutarch in Iside

[162] Plin. l. 6. c. 29

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[163] a Diodor l. 1 c. 4

[164] a Diodor l. 1 c. 4

[165] b Diodor. l. 1 c. 7.

[166] b Diodor. l. 1 c. 7.

[167] c Herod lib. 2.

[168] c Herod lib. 2.

[169] Plin l. 7. c. 56.

[170] a Hecatæus apud Diodorum l

[171] a Hecatæus apud Diodorum l

[172] b Pindar. Nem. Ode 1

[173] Pausan. l. 3 p. 211.

[174] c Tyrtæus Poeta.

[175] d Apud Ioseph cont. Apion p. 104, 105.

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[176] a Strab l 16 p 758, a, b. & l. 17 p 819b & p. 786.c

[177] b Apud Plin l. 6. c 29 & l 3 c 9

[178] See these Dynasties in

[179] l 1. cont. Ap.

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[180] Herod. l. 1.

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[181] Apud Euhemerum locum citante Athen l 44.

[182] b Stephanus in Ιοπὴ
See Bochart in Phaleg. l. 4. c. 34.

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[183] Dionys. Halicarn. l. 2.

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[184] Dionys in
Pausan. lib 9. p. 1.

[185] Plutarch. in Theseo.

[186] Apud Strabonem lib

[187] ✝ δημοι

[188] Apud Strabonem lib.

[189] ✝ in Corinthiacis.

[190] a

[191] b Euseb. Chron.

[192] c Tatian p 172.c.

[193] Pausan. l 8 sub initio.

[194] a Argonaut l. 4. v. 272.

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[195] Apud Euseb. Præp. Evang. l. 1 c. 9. p. 33.

[196] a {illeg} Diodorus l. 1. p. 34

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[197] Ioseph.

[198] De Dea Syria

[199] Diodor l 1

[200] {Chron}

[201] Apollodor l. 3. p 169

[202] c Censorin c. 18

[203] b Strabo l 16 p 476. Homer Odys. τ vers 179.

[204] e Diog. Laert p. 15. Plutarch. Solon p 92.

[205] f Cic. in Venem

[206] Num 9.11

[207] 1 Chron 27.

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[208] a

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[209] Pausan. l. 4 c. 1. p. 281.

[210] Diodor. l. 1. c. 2.

[211] Diodor. l. 1. c. 2

[212] b Lucian de Saltatione

[213] Nonnus Dionysiad l. 13. v. 333, & seq. Bochart. Canaan orat l. 1. c. 24.

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[214] a Strabo l. 16.

[215] a Herod l. 1. initio.

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[216] b Pausan l 2 c 16, 22, 25 Higyn. fab. 145.

[217] b Pausan l 2 c 16, 22, 25 Higyn. fab. 145.

[Editorial Note 86] The remainder of this page is written upside down.

[218] z.

[219] f lib. 3 p. 184.a

[220] b Diodor l. 1.

[221] Fab. 274.

[222] lib. 3.

[223] s Plin. l. 7. c. 56.

[224] Fab. 274

[225] t lib. 1. p. 23

[226] a 1 Sam 8.10.
1 King. 11.

[227] Iospeh. Antiq. l. 9. c. 2.

[228] Iustin. l. 36.

[229] ✝ Baal Canaan.

[230] in {tellage}

[231] a Steph. in Α{illeg}{μ}μωνία.

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[232] a Clemens Strom p 321

[233] b Apollodor l 2 initio

[234] c Clemens Strom 1 p 321.

[235] c Clemens Strom 1 p 321.

[236] d Plato in Timæo. Sȳcel. p. 68.a

[237] Fab 274

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[238] b. c. 30

[239] a {illeg} 37, 40

[240] a Pausan. l. 1. c. 39, 44.

[241] b Pausan. l. 3. c. 20

[242] c Pausan. l. 3. c. 1.

[243] Pausan. l. 8. c. 4.

[244] Pausan. l. 1. c. 39, 40.

[245] Herod l. 8.

[246] Herod. l. 5.

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[247] a Apud Scholiastem {illeg} Apollonij lib 2.

[248] c. 24

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[249] Æsch. Persæ. v. 761.

[250] Herod. l. 1. c. 107, 108. Xenophon. Cyrop. l. 1. c. 1.

[251] Cyrop. l. I. sec. 22.

[252] Cyrop. l. VIII. sec 36.

[253] Pausan. l. V. c. 10.

[254] Herod. L. I.

[255] Herod. l. I. c. 106, 130.

[256] Herod. l. I. c. 103.

[257] Herod. ib.

[258] Ier. XXV.

[259] a Ier. 27.3, 6. Ezek. 21.19, 20, & 25.2, 8, 12.

[260] b Ezek. 26.2 & 29.17, 19

[261] c Ezek. 29.19 & 30.4, 5.

[262] Herod. l. I. c. 71.

[263] Isa. XIII.17.

[264] Plin. l. XXXIII. c. 3.

[265] Herod. l. I. c. 94.

[266] Cyrop. l. 7.

[267] Comment. in Dan. 5.

[268] a Ioseph. Antiq. l. 10. c. 12

[269] b Vide Hieronimum in Daniel. c. 8. v. 2.

[270] Dan. X.20

[271] a Suidas in Ἀρίσταρχος. Herodot. l. 1.

[272] b Strabo. l. 15. p. 730

[273] Cyrop. l. 8. sec 44, 45

[274] Herod. l. 1. Steph. in Παρθυαιοι.

[275] viz. Chronology p. 277.

[276] a Herod. l. 3. sub finem.

[277] a Annales Tyrij apud Iosephum l. 9 Antiq. c. ult.

[278] b 2 King. XVII.6, 24, 30.

[279] b 2 King. XVII.6, 24, 30.

[280] c Hos. X.14.

[281] d 2 King. 19.12.

[282] Canon Ptol.

[283] a Apud Athenæum l. 12. p. 530.

[284] Herod. l. 1
Steph. in Παρδυαιοι

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